id author title date pages extension mime words sentences flesch summary cache txt en-m-wikipedia-org-399 American literature - Wikipedia .html text/html 12605 890 61 Writer and critic John Neal in the early-mid nineteenth century helped advance America's progress toward a unique literature and culture, by criticizing predecessors like Washington Irving for imitating their British counterparts and influencing others like Edgar Allan Poe.[4] Ralph Waldo Emerson pioneered the influential Transcendentalism movement, Henry David Thoreau author of Walden, was influenced by this movement. However, the first European settlements in North America had been founded elsewhere many years earlier, and the dominance of the English language in American culture was not yet apparent.[5] The first item printed in Pennsylvania was in German and was the largest book printed in any of the colonies before the American Revolution.[5] Spanish and French had two of the strongest colonial literary traditions in the areas that now comprise the United States, and discussions of early American literature commonly include texts by Samuel de Champlain alongside English-language texts by Thomas Harriot and Captain John Smith. ./cache/en-m-wikipedia-org-399.html ./txt/en-m-wikipedia-org-399.txt