id	author	title	date	pages	extension	mime	words	sentences	flesch	summary	cache	txt
en-wikipedia-org-152		Oral tradition - Wikipedia			.html	text/html	10442	1157	63	Native American tribes generally have not had professional tribal storytellers marked by social status.[32] Stories could and can be told by anyone, with each storyteller using their own vocal inflections, word choice, content, or form.[28] Storytellers not only draw upon their own memories, but also upon a collective or tribal memory extending beyond personal experience but nevertheless representing a shared reality.[33] Native languages have in some cases up to twenty words to describe physical features like rain or snow and can describe the spectra of human emotion in very precise ways, allowing storytellers to offer their own personalized take on a story based on their own lived experiences.[34][35] Fluidity in story deliverance allowed stories to be applied to different social circumstances according to the storyteller's objective at the time.[28] One's rendition of a story was often considered a response to another's rendition, with plot alterations suggesting alternative ways of applying traditional ideas to present conditions.[28] Listeners might have heard the story told many times, or even may have told the same story themselves.[28] This does not take away from a story's meaning, as curiosity about what happens next was less of a priority than hearing fresh perspectives on well-known themes and plots.[28] Elder storytellers generally were not concerned with discrepancies between their version of historical events and neighboring tribes' version of similar events, such as in origin stories.[34] Tribal stories are considered valid within the tribe's own frame of reference and tribal experience.[34] The 19th century Oglala Lakota tribal member Four Guns was known for his justification of the oral tradition and criticism of the written word.[36][37]	./cache/en-wikipedia-org-152.html	./txt/en-wikipedia-org-152.txt