id author title date pages extension mime words sentences flesch summary cache txt en-wikipedia-org-9452 Supreme Court of the United States - Wikipedia .html text/html 29780 3127 71 Article II, Section 2, Clause 2 of the United States Constitution, known as the Appointments Clause, empowers the president to nominate and, with the confirmation (advice and consent) of the United States Senate, to appoint public officials, including justices of the Supreme Court. Bellotti (1978) that the First Amendment applies to corporations, including campaign spending.[209] President Abraham Lincoln warned, referring to the Dred Scott decision, that if government policy became "irrevocably fixed by decisions of the Supreme Court...the people will have ceased to be their own rulers."[210] Former justice Thurgood Marshall justified judicial activism with these words: "You do what you think is right and let the law catch up."[211] Justice Brandeis, in arguing for allowing the states to operate without federal interference, suggested that states should be laboratories of democracy.[250] One critic wrote "the great majority of Supreme Court rulings of unconstitutionality involve state, not federal, law."[251] However, others see the Fourteenth Amendment as a positive force that extends "protection of those rights and guarantees to the state level".[252] More recently, the issue of federal power is central in the prosecution of Gamble v. ./cache/en-wikipedia-org-9452.html ./txt/en-wikipedia-org-9452.txt