id sid tid token lemma pos en-wikipedia-org-1664 1 1 English english JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 1 2 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1 3 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1 4 Wikipedia wikipedia NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1 5 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1 6 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1 7 From from IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1 8 Wikipedia Wikipedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 1 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 1 11 free free JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 1 12 encyclopedia encyclopedia NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1 13 Jump Jump NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1 14 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1 15 navigation navigation NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1 16 Jump Jump NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1 17 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1664 1 18 search search VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 1 19 West West NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1 20 Germanic Germanic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1 21 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1 22 For for IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1 23 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 1 24 uses use NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 1 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 1 26 see see VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 1 27 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1 28 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1 29 disambiguation disambiguation NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1 30 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1 31 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 2 1 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2 2 Pronunciation Pronunciation NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2 3 /ˈɪŋɡlɪʃ/[1 /ˈɪŋɡlɪʃ/[1 , en-wikipedia-org-1664 2 4 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 2 5 Region region NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2 6 British British NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2 7 Isles Isles NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1664 2 8 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 2 9 originally originally RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 2 10 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 2 11 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2 12 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 2 13 speaking speak VBG en-wikipedia-org-1664 2 14 world world NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2 15 Ethnicity Ethnicity NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2 16 Anglo Anglo NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2 17 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 2 18 Saxons Saxons NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2 19 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 2 20 historically historically RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 2 21 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 2 22 Native native JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 2 23 speakers speaker NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 2 24 360–400 360–400 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2 25   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2 26 million million CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2 27   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2 28 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 2 29 2006)[2 2006)[2 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2 30 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 2 31 L2 l2 NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2 32 speakers speaker NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 2 33 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1664 2 34 750 750 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2 35   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2 36 million million CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2 37 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1664 2 38 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2 39 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 2 40 foreign foreign JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 2 41 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2 42 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1664 2 43 600–700 600–700 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2 44   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2 45 million[2 million[2 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2 46 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 2 47 Language language NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2 48 family family NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2 49 Indo Indo NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2 50 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 2 51 European European NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2 52 Germanic Germanic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2 53 West West NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2 54 Germanic Germanic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2 55 Ingvaeonic Ingvaeonic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2 56 Anglo anglo JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 2 57 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 2 58 Frisian frisian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 2 59 Anglic Anglic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2 60 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2 61 Early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 2 62 forms form NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 2 63 Old Old NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2 64 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2 65 Middle Middle NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2 66 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2 67 Early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 2 68 Modern modern JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 2 69 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2 70 Writing Writing NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2 71 system system NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2 72 Latin latin JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 2 73 script script NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2 74 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 2 75 English english JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 2 76 alphabet alphabet NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2 77 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 2 78 Anglo Anglo NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2 79 Saxon Saxon NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2 80 runes rune NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 2 81 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 2 82 historically historically RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 2 83 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 2 84 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2 85 Braille Braille NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2 86 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 2 87 Unified Unified NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2 88 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2 89 Braille Braille NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2 90 Signed Signed NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2 91 forms form NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 2 92 Manually manually RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 2 93 coded code VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2 94 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2 95 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 2 96 multiple multiple JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 2 97 systems system NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 2 98 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 2 99 Official official JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 2 100 status status NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2 101 Official official JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 2 102 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2 103   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2 104 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2 105 67 67 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2 106 countries country NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 2 107 27 27 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2 108 non non JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 2 109 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 2 110 sovereign sovereign JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 2 111 entities entity NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 2 112 Various various JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 2 113 organisations organisation NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 2 114 United United NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2 115 Nations Nations NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2 116 European European NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2 117 Union Union NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2 118 Commonwealth Commonwealth NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2 119 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2 120 Nations Nations NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2 121 Council Council NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2 122 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2 123 Europe Europe NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2 124 ICC ICC NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2 125 IMF IMF NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2 126 IOC IOC NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2 127 ISO ISO NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2 128 NATO NATO NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2 129 WTO WTO NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2 130 NAFTA NAFTA NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2 131 OAS OAS NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2 132 OECD OECD NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2 133 OIC OIC NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2 134 OPEC OPEC NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2 135 GUAM GUAM NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2 136 Organization Organization NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2 137 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2 138 Democracy Democracy NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2 139 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 2 140 Economic Economic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2 141 Development Development NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2 142 PIF PIF NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2 143 UKUSA UKUSA NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2 144 Agreement Agreement NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2 145 ASEAN ASEAN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2 146 ASEAN ASEAN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2 147 Economic Economic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2 148 Community Community NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2 149 SAARC SAARC VBD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2 150 CARICOM CARICOM NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2 151 Turkic Turkic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2 152 Council Council NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2 153 ECO ECO NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2 154 Language Language NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2 155 codes code VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 2 156 ISO ISO NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2 157 639 639 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2 158 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-1664 2 159 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2 160 en en NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2 161 ISO ISO NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2 162 639 639 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2 163 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-1664 2 164 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2 165 eng eng NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2 166 ISO ISO NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2 167 639 639 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2 168 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-1664 2 169 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2 170 eng eng NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2 171 Glottolog Glottolog NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2 172 stan1293 stan1293 NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2 173 Linguasphere Linguasphere NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2 174 52-ABA 52-aba CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2 175       _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2 176 Regions Regions NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1664 2 177 where where WRB en-wikipedia-org-1664 2 178 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2 179 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 2 180 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 2 181 majority majority NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2 182 native native JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 2 183 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2 184       _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2 185 Regions Regions NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1664 2 186 where where WRB en-wikipedia-org-1664 2 187 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2 188 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 2 189 official official JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 2 190 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 2 191 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 2 192 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2 193 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 2 194 primary primary JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 2 195 native native JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 2 196 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2 197 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 2 198 article article NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2 199 contains contain VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 2 200 IPA ipa JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 2 201 phonetic phonetic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 2 202 symbols symbol NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 2 203 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 3 1 Without without IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 3 2 proper proper JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 3 3 rendering rendering JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 3 4 support support NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 3 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 3 6 you -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1664 3 7 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-1664 3 8 see see VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 3 9 question question NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 3 10 marks mark NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 3 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 3 12 boxes box NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 3 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 3 14 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 3 15 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 3 16 symbols symbol NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 3 17 instead instead RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 3 18 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 3 19 Unicode Unicode NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 3 20 characters character NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 3 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 4 1 For for IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 4 2 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 4 3 introductory introductory JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 4 4 guide guide NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 4 5 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 4 6 IPA ipa JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 4 7 symbols symbol NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 4 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 4 9 see see VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 4 10 Help help NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 4 11 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1664 4 12 IPA IPA NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 4 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 5 1 Part part NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 5 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 5 3 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 5 4 series series NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 5 5 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 5 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 5 7 English english JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 5 8 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 5 9 Topics Topics NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 5 10 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 5 11 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 5 12 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 5 13 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 5 14 speaking speak VBG en-wikipedia-org-1664 5 15 world world NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 5 16 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 5 17 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 5 18 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 5 19 second second JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 5 20 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 5 21 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 5 22 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 5 23 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 5 24 Advanced advanced JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 5 25 topics topic NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 5 26 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 5 27 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 5 28 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 5 29 lingua lingua JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 5 30 franca franca JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 5 31 European european JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 5 32 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 5 33 Modern Modern NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 5 34 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 5 35 Loanwords Loanwords NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1664 5 36 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 5 37 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 5 38 Phonology Phonology NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 5 39 Phonological Phonological NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 5 40 history history NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 5 41 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 5 42 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 5 43 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 5 44 phonology phonology NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 5 45 Dialects dialect VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 5 46 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 5 47 American american JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 5 48 Anguillian Anguillian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 5 49 Antiguan Antiguan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 5 50 Australian Australian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 5 51 Bahamian Bahamian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 5 52 Bajan Bajan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 5 53 Bay Bay NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 5 54 Islands Islands NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1664 5 55 Belizean Belizean NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 5 56 Bermudian Bermudian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 5 57 Brunei Brunei NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 5 58 Burmese Burmese NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 5 59 Cameroonian cameroonian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 5 60 Canadian canadian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 5 61 Caribbean Caribbean NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 5 62 Falkland Falkland NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 5 63 Islands Islands NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1664 5 64 Fijian fijian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 5 65 Gambian gambian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 5 66 Guyanese guyanese JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 5 67 Ghanaian ghanaian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 5 68 Indian indian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 5 69 Irish irish JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 5 70 Jamaican jamaican JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 5 71 Kenyan kenyan JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 5 72 Liberian liberian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 5 73 Malawian malawian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 5 74 Malaysian Malaysian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 5 75 Manx Manx NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 5 76 Namlish Namlish NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 5 77 Nepali Nepali NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 5 78 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 5 79 Zealand Zealand NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 5 80 Nigerian nigerian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 5 81 Pakistani pakistani JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 5 82 Philippine Philippine NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 5 83 San San NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 5 84 Andrés Andrés NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 5 85 – – : en-wikipedia-org-1664 5 86 Providencia Providencia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 5 87 Scottish Scottish NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 5 88 Singapore Singapore NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 5 89 South South NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 5 90 African African NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 5 91 South South NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 5 92 Atlantic Atlantic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 5 93 Sri Sri NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 5 94 Lankan Lankan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 5 95 Trinidad Trinidad NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 5 96 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 5 97 Tobagonian Tobagonian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 5 98 Ugandan Ugandan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 5 99 Welsh Welsh NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 5 100 Zimbabwe Zimbabwe NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 5 101 see see VBP en-wikipedia-org-1664 5 102 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 5 103 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1664 5 104 List list NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 5 105 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 5 106 dialects dialect NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 5 107 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 5 108 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 5 109 Teaching Teaching NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 5 110 Teaching Teaching NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 5 111 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 5 112 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 5 113 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 5 114 second second JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 5 115 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 5 116 Category category NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 5 117 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1664 5 118 English english JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 5 119 words word NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 5 120 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 5 121 phrases phrase NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 5 122 Higher high JJR en-wikipedia-org-1664 5 123 category category NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 5 124 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1664 5 125 Language language NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 5 126 v v NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 5 127 t t NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 5 128 e e NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 5 129 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 5 130 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 5 131 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 5 132 West West NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 5 133 Germanic Germanic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 5 134 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 5 135 first first RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 5 136 spoken speak VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 5 137 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 5 138 early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 5 139 medieval medieval JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 5 140 England England NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 5 141 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 5 142 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1664 5 143 eventually eventually RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 5 144 became become VBD en-wikipedia-org-1664 5 145 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 5 146 leading leading JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 5 147 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 5 148 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 5 149 international international JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 5 150 discourse discourse NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 5 151 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 5 152 today today NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 5 153 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-1664 5 154 world world NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 5 155 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 6 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 6 2 3][4][5 3][4][5 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 6 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 6 4 It -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1664 6 5 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 6 6 named name VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 6 7 after after IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 6 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 6 9 Angles Angles NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1664 6 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 6 11 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 6 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 6 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 6 14 ancient ancient JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 6 15 Germanic germanic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 6 16 peoples people NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 6 17 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-1664 6 18 migrated migrate VBD en-wikipedia-org-1664 6 19 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 6 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 6 21 area area NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 6 22 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 6 23 Great Great NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 6 24 Britain Britain NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 6 25 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-1664 6 26 later later RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 6 27 took take VBD en-wikipedia-org-1664 6 28 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1664 6 29 name name NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 6 30 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 6 31 England England NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 6 32 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 7 1 Both both DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 7 2 names name NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 7 3 derive derive VBP en-wikipedia-org-1664 7 4 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 7 5 Anglia Anglia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 7 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 7 7 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 7 8 peninsula peninsula NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 7 9 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 7 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 7 11 Baltic Baltic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 7 12 Sea Sea NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 7 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 8 1 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 8 2 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 8 3 most most RBS en-wikipedia-org-1664 8 4 closely closely RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 8 5 related relate VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 8 6 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 8 7 Frisian Frisian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 8 8 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 8 9 Low Low NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 8 10 Saxon Saxon NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 8 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 8 12 while while IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 8 13 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1664 8 14 vocabulary vocabulary NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 8 15 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 8 16 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 8 17 significantly significantly RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 8 18 influenced influence VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 8 19 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 8 20 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 8 21 Germanic germanic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 8 22 languages language NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 8 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 8 24 particularly particularly RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 8 25 Old old JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 8 26 Norse Norse NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 8 27 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 8 28 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 8 29 North North NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 8 30 Germanic Germanic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 8 31 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 8 32 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 8 33 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 8 34 as as RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 8 35 well well RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 8 36 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 8 37 Latin Latin NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 8 38 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 8 39 French French NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 8 40 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 9 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 9 2 6][7][8 6][7][8 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 9 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 9 4 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 9 5 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 9 6 developed develop VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 9 7 over over IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 9 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 9 9 course course NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 9 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 9 11 more more JJR en-wikipedia-org-1664 9 12 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 9 13 1,400 1,400 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 9 14 years year NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 9 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 10 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 10 2 earliest early JJS en-wikipedia-org-1664 10 3 forms form NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 10 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 10 5 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 10 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 10 7 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 10 8 group group NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 10 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 10 10 West West NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 10 11 Germanic Germanic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 10 12 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 10 13 Ingvaeonic Ingvaeonic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 10 14 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 10 15 dialects dialect VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 10 16 brought bring VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 10 17 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 10 18 Great Great NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 10 19 Britain Britain NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 10 20 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 10 21 Anglo Anglo NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 10 22 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 10 23 Saxon Saxon NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 10 24 settlers settler NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 10 25 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 10 26 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 10 27 5th 5th JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 10 28 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 10 29 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 10 30 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1664 10 31 collectively collectively RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 10 32 called call VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 10 33 Old Old NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 10 34 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 10 35 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 11 1 Middle Middle NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 11 2 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 11 3 began begin VBD en-wikipedia-org-1664 11 4 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 11 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 11 6 late late JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 11 7 11th 11th JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 11 8 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 11 9 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 11 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 11 11 Norman Norman NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 11 12 conquest conquest NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 11 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 11 14 England England NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 11 15 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1664 11 16 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 11 17 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1664 11 18 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 11 19 period period NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 11 20 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 11 21 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1664 11 22 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 11 23 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1664 11 24 influenced influence VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 11 25 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 11 26 Old Old NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 11 27 French French NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 11 28 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 11 29 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 11 30 particular particular JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 11 31 through through IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 11 32 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1664 11 33 Old Old NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 11 34 Norman Norman NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 11 35 dialect dialect NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 11 36 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 12 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 12 2 9][10 9][10 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 12 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 12 4 Early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 12 5 Modern modern JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 12 6 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 12 7 began begin VBD en-wikipedia-org-1664 12 8 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 12 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 12 10 late late JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 12 11 15th 15th JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 12 12 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 12 13 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 12 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 12 15 introduction introduction NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 12 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 12 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 12 18 printing print VBG en-wikipedia-org-1664 12 19 press press NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 12 20 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 12 21 London London NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 12 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 12 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 12 24 printing printing NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 12 25 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 12 26 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 12 27 King King NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 12 28 James James NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 12 29 Bible Bible NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 12 30 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 12 31 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 12 32 start start NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 12 33 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 12 34 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 12 35 Great Great NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 12 36 Vowel Vowel NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 12 37 Shift Shift NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 12 38 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 13 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 13 2 11 11 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 13 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 13 4 Modern modern JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 13 5 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 13 6 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 13 7 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 13 8 spreading spread VBG en-wikipedia-org-1664 13 9 around around IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 13 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 13 11 world world NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 13 12 since since IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 13 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 13 14 17th 17th JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 13 15 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 13 16 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 13 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 13 18 worldwide worldwide JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 13 19 influence influence NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 13 20 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 13 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 13 22 British British NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 13 23 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 13 24 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 13 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 13 26 United United NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 13 27 States States NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 13 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 14 1 Through through IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 14 2 all all DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 14 3 types type NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 14 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 14 5 printed printed JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 14 6 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 14 7 electronic electronic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 14 8 media medium NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 14 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 14 10 these these DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 14 11 countries country NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 14 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 14 13 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 14 14 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 14 15 become become VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 14 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 14 17 leading leading JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 14 18 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 14 19 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 14 20 international international JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 14 21 discourse discourse NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 14 22 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 14 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 14 24 lingua lingua FW en-wikipedia-org-1664 14 25 franca franca VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 14 26 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 14 27 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 14 28 regions region NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 14 29 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 14 30 professional professional JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 14 31 contexts contexts NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 14 32 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 14 33 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 14 34 science science NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 14 35 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 14 36 navigation navigation NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 14 37 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 14 38 law law NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 14 39 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 15 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 15 2 3 3 LS en-wikipedia-org-1664 15 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 15 4 Modern modern JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 15 5 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 15 6 grammar grammar NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 15 7 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 15 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 15 9 result result NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 15 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 15 11 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 15 12 gradual gradual JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 15 13 change change NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 15 14 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 15 15 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 15 16 typical typical JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 15 17 Indo indo JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 15 18 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 15 19 European european JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 15 20 dependent dependent JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 15 21 marking marking NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 15 22 pattern pattern NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 15 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 15 24 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 15 25 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 15 26 rich rich JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 15 27 inflectional inflectional JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 15 28 morphology morphology NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 15 29 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 15 30 relatively relatively RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 15 31 free free JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 15 32 word word NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 15 33 order order NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 15 34 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 15 35 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 15 36 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 15 37 mostly mostly RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 15 38 analytic analytic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 15 39 pattern pattern NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 15 40 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 15 41 little little JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 15 42 inflection inflection NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 15 43 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 15 44 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 15 45 fairly fairly RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 15 46 fixed fix VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 15 47 subject subject NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 15 48 – – : en-wikipedia-org-1664 15 49 verb verb NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 15 50 – – : en-wikipedia-org-1664 15 51 object object NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 15 52 word word NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 15 53 order order NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 15 54 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 15 55 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 15 56 complex complex JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 15 57 syntax syntax NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 15 58 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 16 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 16 2 12 12 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 16 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 16 4 Modern modern JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 16 5 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 16 6 relies rely VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 16 7 more more RBR en-wikipedia-org-1664 16 8 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 16 9 auxiliary auxiliary JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 16 10 verbs verb NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 16 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 16 12 word word NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 16 13 order order NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 16 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en-wikipedia-org-1664 17 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 17 4 largest large JJS en-wikipedia-org-1664 17 5 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 17 6 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 17 7 number number NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 17 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 17 9 speakers,[13 speakers,[13 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 17 10 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 17 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 17 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 17 13 third third JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 17 14 most most RBS en-wikipedia-org-1664 17 15 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 17 16 spoken speak VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 17 17 native native JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 17 18 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 17 19 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 17 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 17 21 world world NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 17 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 17 23 after after IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 17 24 Standard Standard NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 17 25 Chinese Chinese NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 17 26 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 17 27 Spanish Spanish NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 17 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 18 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 18 2 14 14 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 18 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 18 4 It -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1664 18 5 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 18 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 18 7 most most RBS en-wikipedia-org-1664 18 8 widely widely RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 18 9 learned learn VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 18 10 second second JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 18 11 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 18 12 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 18 13 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 18 14 either either CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 18 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 18 16 official official JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 18 17 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 18 18 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 18 19 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 18 20 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 18 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 18 22 official 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17 speakers speaker NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 19 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 20 1 As as IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 20 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 20 3 2005[update 2005[update NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 20 4 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 20 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 20 6 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1664 20 7 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1664 20 8 estimated estimate VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 20 9 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 20 10 there there EX en-wikipedia-org-1664 20 11 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1664 20 12 over over RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 20 13 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 20 14   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 20 15 billion billion CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 20 16 speakers speaker NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 20 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 20 18 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 20 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 21 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 21 2 15 15 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 21 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 21 4 English English NNP 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en-wikipedia-org-1664 21 53 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 21 54 Southeast Southeast NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 21 55 Asia Asia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 21 56 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 21 57 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 21 58 Oceania Oceania NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 21 59 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 22 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 22 2 16 16 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 22 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 22 4 It -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1664 22 5 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 22 6 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 22 7 co co JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 22 8 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 22 9 official official JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 22 10 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 22 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 22 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 22 13 United United NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 22 14 Nations Nations NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 22 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 22 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 22 17 European European NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 22 18 Union 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NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 25 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 25 8 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 25 9 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 25 10 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 25 11 different different JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 25 12 countries country NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 25 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 25 14 regions region NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 25 15 — — : en-wikipedia-org-1664 25 16 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 25 17 terms term NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 25 18 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 25 19 phonetics phonetic NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 25 20 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 25 21 phonology phonology NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 25 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 25 23 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 25 24 sometimes sometimes RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 25 25 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 25 26 vocabulary vocabulary JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 25 27 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 25 28 idioms idiom NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 25 29 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 25 30 grammar grammar UH en-wikipedia-org-1664 25 31 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 25 32 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 25 33 spelling spelling NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 25 34 — — : en-wikipedia-org-1664 25 35 does do VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 25 36 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 25 37 typically typically RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 25 38 prevent prevent VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 25 39 understanding understanding NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 25 40 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 25 41 speakers speaker NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 25 42 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 25 43 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 25 44 dialects dialect NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 25 45 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 25 46 although although IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 25 47 mutual mutual JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 25 48 unintelligibility unintelligibility NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 25 49 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-1664 25 50 occur occur VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 25 51 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 25 52 extreme extreme JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 25 53 ends end NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 25 54 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 25 55 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 25 56 dialect dialect NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 25 57 continuum continuum NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 25 58 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 26 1 Contents content NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 26 2 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 26 3 Classification classification NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 26 4 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 26 5 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 26 6 2.1 2.1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 26 7 Proto proto NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 26 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 26 9 Germanic Germanic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 26 10 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 26 11 Old Old NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 26 12 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 26 13 2.2 2.2 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 26 14 Middle Middle NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 26 15 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 26 16 2.3 2.3 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 26 17 Early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 26 18 Modern modern JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 26 19 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 26 20 2.4 2.4 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 26 21 Spread spread NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 26 22 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 26 23 Modern Modern NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 26 24 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 26 25 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 26 26 Geographical Geographical NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 26 27 distribution distribution NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 26 28 3.1 3.1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 26 29 Three three CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 26 30 circles circle NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 26 31 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 26 32 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 26 33 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 26 34 speaking speak VBG en-wikipedia-org-1664 26 35 countries country NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 26 36 3.2 3.2 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 26 37 Pluricentric Pluricentric NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 26 38 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 26 39 3.3 3.3 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 26 40 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 26 41 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 26 42 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 26 43 global global JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 26 44 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 26 45 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 26 46 Phonology phonology NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 26 47 4.1 4.1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 26 48 Consonants consonant NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 26 49 4.2 4.2 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 26 50 Vowels Vowels NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 26 51 4.3 4.3 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 26 52 Phonotactics phonotactic NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 26 53 4.4 4.4 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 26 54 Stress stress NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 26 55 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 26 56 rhythm rhythm NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 26 57 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 26 58 intonation intonation NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 26 59 4.5 4.5 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 26 60 Regional regional JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 26 61 variation variation NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 26 62 5 5 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 26 63 Grammar Grammar NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 26 64 5.1 5.1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 26 65 Nouns Nouns NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1664 26 66 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 26 67 noun noun JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 26 68 phrases phrase NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 26 69 5.1.1 5.1.1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 26 70 Adjectives adjective NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 26 71 5.1.2 5.1.2 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 26 72 Pronouns Pronouns NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1664 26 73 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 26 74 case case NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 26 75 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 26 76 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 26 77 person person NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 26 78 5.1.3 5.1.3 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 26 79 Prepositions preposition NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 26 80 5.2 5.2 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 26 81 Verbs Verbs NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1664 26 82 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 26 83 verb verb JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 26 84 phrases phrase NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 26 85 5.2.1 5.2.1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 26 86 Tense Tense NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 26 87 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 26 88 aspect aspect NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 26 89 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 26 90 mood mood NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 26 91 5.2.2 5.2.2 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 26 92 Phrasal Phrasal NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 26 93 verbs verb NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 26 94 5.2.3 5.2.3 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 26 95 Adverbs Adverbs NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 26 96 5.3 5.3 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 26 97 Syntax Syntax NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 26 98 5.3.1 5.3.1 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 26 99 Basic basic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 26 100 constituent constituent NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 26 101 order order NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 26 102 5.3.2 5.3.2 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 26 103 Clause Clause NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 26 104 syntax syntax NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 26 105 5.3.3 5.3.3 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 26 106 Auxiliary auxiliary JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 26 107 verb verb NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 26 108 constructions construction NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 26 109 5.3.4 5.3.4 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 26 110 Questions Questions NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1664 26 111 5.3.5 5.3.5 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 26 112 Discourse discourse JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 26 113 level level NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 26 114 syntax syntax NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 26 115 6 6 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 26 116 Vocabulary Vocabulary NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 26 117 6.1 6.1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 26 118 Word Word NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 26 119 formation formation NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 26 120 processes process VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 26 121 6.2 6.2 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 26 122 Word Word NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 26 123 origins origin NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 26 124 6.3 6.3 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 26 125 English english JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 26 126 loanwords loanword NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 26 127 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 26 128 calques calque NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 26 129 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 26 130 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 26 131 languages language NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 26 132 7 7 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 26 133 Writing Writing NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 26 134 system system NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 26 135 8 8 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 26 136 Dialects dialect NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 26 137 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 26 138 accents accent NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 26 139 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 26 140 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 26 141 varieties variety NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 26 142 8.1 8.1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 26 143 Britain Britain NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 26 144 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 26 145 Ireland Ireland NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 26 146 8.2 8.2 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 26 147 North North NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 26 148 America America NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 26 149 8.3 8.3 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 26 150 Australia Australia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 26 151 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 26 152 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 26 153 Zealand Zealand NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 26 154 8.4 8.4 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 26 155 Singapore Singapore NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 26 156 8.5 8.5 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 26 157 Southeast Southeast NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 26 158 Asia Asia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 26 159 8.6 8.6 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 26 160 Africa Africa NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 26 161 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 26 162 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 26 163 Caribbean Caribbean NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 26 164 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 26 165 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 26 166 South South NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 26 167 Asia Asia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 26 168 9 9 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 26 169 See see VBP en-wikipedia-org-1664 26 170 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 26 171 10 10 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 26 172 References reference NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 26 173 11 11 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 26 174 Bibliography Bibliography NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 26 175 12 12 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 26 176 External external JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 26 177 links link NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 26 178 Classification Classification NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 26 179 Anglic Anglic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 26 180 languages language VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 26 181       _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 26 182 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 26 183       _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 26 184 Scots Scots NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1664 26 185 Anglo anglo JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 26 186 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 26 187 Frisian frisian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 26 188 languages language NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 26 189 Anglic Anglic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 26 190 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 26 191       _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 26 192 Frisian Frisian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 26 193 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 26 194 West West NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 26 195 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 26 196 North North NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 26 197 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 26 198 Saterland Saterland NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 26 199 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 26 200 North North NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 26 201 Sea Sea NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 26 202 Germanic Germanic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 26 203 languages language VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 26 204 Anglo anglo JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 26 205 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 26 206 Frisian Frisian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 26 207 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 26 208       _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 26 209 Low Low NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 26 210 German German NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 26 211 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-1664 26 212 Low Low NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 26 213 Saxon Saxon NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 26 214 West West NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 26 215 Germanic Germanic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 26 216 languages language VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 26 217 North North NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 26 218 Sea Sea NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 26 219 Germanic Germanic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 26 220 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 26 221       _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 26 222 Dutch Dutch NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1664 26 223 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1664 26 224 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 26 225 Africa Africa NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 26 226 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1664 26 227 Afrikaans Afrikaans NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1664 26 228 ...... ...... NFP en-wikipedia-org-1664 26 229 German German NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 26 230 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 26 231 High high JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 26 232 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 26 233 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1664 26 234       _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 26 235 Central Central NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 26 236 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1664 26 237 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 26 238 Lux Lux NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 26 239 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 27 1 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1664 27 2 Luxembourgish Luxembourgish NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 27 3       _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 27 4 Upper Upper NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 27 5 ...... ...... . en-wikipedia-org-1664 27 6 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 27 7 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 27 8 West West NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 27 9 Germanic Germanic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 27 10 languages language NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 27 11 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 27 12 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 27 13 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 27 14 Indo indo JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 27 15 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 27 16 European european JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 27 17 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 27 18 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 27 19 belongs belong VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 27 20 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 27 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 27 22 West West NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 27 23 Germanic Germanic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 27 24 group group NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 27 25 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 27 26 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 27 27 Germanic Germanic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 27 28 languages language NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 27 29 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 28 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 28 2 17 17 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 28 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 28 4 Old Old NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 28 5 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 28 6 originated originate VBD en-wikipedia-org-1664 28 7 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 28 8 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 28 9 Germanic germanic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 28 10 tribal tribal JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 28 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 28 12 linguistic linguistic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 28 13 continuum continuum NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 28 14 along along IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 28 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 28 16 Frisian Frisian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 28 17 North North NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 28 18 Sea Sea NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 28 19 coast coast NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 28 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 28 21 whose whose WP$ en-wikipedia-org-1664 28 22 languages language NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 28 23 gradually gradually RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 28 24 evolved evolve VBD en-wikipedia-org-1664 28 25 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 28 26 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 28 27 Anglic anglic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 28 28 languages language NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 28 29 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 28 30 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 28 31 British British NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 28 32 Isles Isles NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1664 28 33 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 28 34 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 28 35 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 28 36 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 28 37 Frisian frisian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 28 38 languages language NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 28 39 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 28 40 Low Low NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 28 41 German German NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 28 42 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-1664 28 43 Low Low NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 28 44 Saxon Saxon NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 28 45 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 28 46 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 28 47 continent continent NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 28 48 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 29 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 29 2 Frisian frisian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 29 3 languages language NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 29 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 29 5 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1664 29 6 together together RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 29 7 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 29 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 29 9 Anglic anglic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 29 10 languages language NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 29 11 form form VBP en-wikipedia-org-1664 29 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 29 13 Anglo anglo JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 29 14 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 29 15 Frisian frisian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 29 16 languages language NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 29 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 29 18 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1664 29 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 29 20 closest close JJS en-wikipedia-org-1664 29 21 living living NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 29 22 relatives relative NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 29 23 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 29 24 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 29 25 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 30 1 Low low JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 30 2 German german JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 30 3 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-1664 30 4 Low Low NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 30 5 Saxon Saxon NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 30 6 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 30 7 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 30 8 closely closely RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 30 9 related related JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 30 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 30 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 30 12 sometimes sometimes RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 30 13 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 30 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 30 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 30 16 Frisian frisian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 30 17 languages language NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 30 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 30 19 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 30 20 Low low JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 30 21 German German NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 30 22 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1664 30 23 grouped group VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 30 24 together together RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 30 25 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 30 26 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 30 27 Ingvaeonic Ingvaeonic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 30 28 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 30 29 North North NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 30 30 Sea Sea NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 30 31 Germanic Germanic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 30 32 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 30 33 languages language NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 30 34 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 30 35 though though IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 30 36 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 30 37 grouping grouping NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 30 38 remains remain VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 30 39 debated debate VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 30 40 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 31 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 31 2 7 7 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 31 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 31 4 Old Old NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 31 5 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 31 6 evolved evolve VBD en-wikipedia-org-1664 31 7 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 31 8 Middle Middle NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 31 9 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 31 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 31 11 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1664 31 12 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 31 13 turn turn NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 31 14 evolved evolve VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 31 15 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 31 16 Modern Modern NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 31 17 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 31 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 32 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 32 2 18 18 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 32 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 32 4 Particular particular JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 32 5 dialects dialect NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 32 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 32 7 Old Old NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 32 8 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 32 9 Middle Middle NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 32 10 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 32 11 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 32 12 developed develop VBD en-wikipedia-org-1664 32 13 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 32 14 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 32 15 number number NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 32 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 32 17 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 32 18 Anglic anglic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 32 19 languages language NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 32 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 32 21 including include VBG en-wikipedia-org-1664 32 22 Scots[19 scots[19 ADD en-wikipedia-org-1664 32 23 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 32 24 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 32 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 32 26 extinct extinct JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 32 27 Fingallian Fingallian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 32 28 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 32 29 Forth Forth NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 32 30 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 32 31 Bargy Bargy NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 32 32 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 32 33 Yola Yola NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 32 34 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 32 35 dialects dialect NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 32 36 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 32 37 Ireland Ireland NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 32 38 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 33 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 33 2 20 20 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 33 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 33 4 Like like IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 33 5 Icelandic Icelandic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 33 6 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 33 7 Faroese Faroese NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 33 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 33 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 33 10 development development NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 33 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 33 12 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 33 13 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 33 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 33 15 British british JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 33 16 Isles Isles NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1664 33 17 isolated isolate VBD en-wikipedia-org-1664 33 18 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1664 33 19 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 33 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 33 21 continental continental JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 33 22 Germanic germanic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 33 23 languages language NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 33 24 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 33 25 influences influence NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 33 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 34 1 It -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1664 34 2 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 34 3 since since IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 34 4 evolved evolve VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 34 5 considerably considerably RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 34 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 35 1 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 35 2 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 35 3 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 35 4 mutually mutually RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 35 5 intelligible intelligible JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 35 6 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 35 7 any any DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 35 8 continental continental JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 35 9 Germanic Germanic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 35 10 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 35 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 35 12 differing differ VBG en-wikipedia-org-1664 35 13 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 35 14 vocabulary vocabulary NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 35 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 35 16 syntax syntax NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 35 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 35 18 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 35 19 phonology phonology NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 35 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 35 21 although although IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 35 22 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 35 23 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 35 24 these these DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 35 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 35 26 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 35 27 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 35 28 Dutch dutch JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 35 29 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 35 30 Frisian Frisian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 35 31 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 35 32 do do VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 35 33 show show VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 35 34 strong strong JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 35 35 affinities affinity NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 35 36 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 35 37 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 35 38 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 35 39 especially especially RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 35 40 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 35 41 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1664 35 42 earlier early JJR en-wikipedia-org-1664 35 43 stages stage NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 35 44 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 36 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 36 2 21 21 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 36 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 36 4 Unlike unlike IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 36 5 Icelandic Icelandic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 36 6 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 36 7 Faroese Faroese NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 36 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 36 9 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1664 36 10 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1664 36 11 isolated isolate VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 36 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 36 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 36 14 development development NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 36 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 36 16 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 36 17 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1664 36 18 influenced influence VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 36 19 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 36 20 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 36 21 long long JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 36 22 series series NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 36 23 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 36 24 invasions invasion NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 36 25 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 36 26 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 36 27 British british JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 36 28 Isles Isles NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1664 36 29 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 36 30 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 36 31 peoples people NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 36 32 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 36 33 languages language NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 36 34 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 36 35 particularly particularly RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 36 36 Old Old NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 36 37 Norse Norse NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 36 38 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 36 39 Norman Norman NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 36 40 French French NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 36 41 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 37 1 These these DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 37 2 left leave VBD en-wikipedia-org-1664 37 3 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 37 4 profound profound JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 37 5 mark mark NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 37 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 37 7 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1664 37 8 own own JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 37 9 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 37 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 37 11 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 37 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 37 13 so so IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 37 14 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 37 15 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 37 16 shows show VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 37 17 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 37 18 similarities similarity NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 37 19 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 37 20 vocabulary vocabulary NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 37 21 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 37 22 grammar grammar VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 37 23 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 37 24 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 37 25 languages language NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 37 26 outside outside IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 37 27 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1664 37 28 linguistic linguistic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 37 29 clades clade NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 37 30 — — : en-wikipedia-org-1664 37 31 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 37 32 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1664 37 33 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 37 34 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 37 35 mutually mutually RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 37 36 intelligible intelligible JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 37 37 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 37 38 any any DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 37 39 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 37 40 those those DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 37 41 languages language NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 37 42 either either RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 37 43 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 38 1 Some some DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 38 2 scholars scholar NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 38 3 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-1664 38 4 argued argue VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 38 5 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 38 6 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 38 7 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-1664 38 8 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 38 9 considered consider VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 38 10 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 38 11 mixed mixed JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 38 12 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 38 13 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 38 14 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 38 15 creole creole NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 38 16 — — : en-wikipedia-org-1664 38 17 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 38 18 theory theory NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 38 19 called call VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 38 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 38 21 Middle Middle NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 38 22 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 38 23 creole creole NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 38 24 hypothesis hypothesis NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 38 25 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 39 1 Although although IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 39 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 39 3 great great JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 39 4 influence influence NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 39 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 39 6 these these DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 39 7 languages language NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 39 8 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 39 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 39 10 vocabulary vocabulary NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 39 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 39 12 grammar grammar NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 39 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 39 14 Modern Modern NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 39 15 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 39 16 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 39 17 widely widely RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 39 18 acknowledged acknowledge VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 39 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 39 20 most most JJS en-wikipedia-org-1664 39 21 specialists specialist NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 39 22 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 39 23 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 39 24 contact contact NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 39 25 do do VBP en-wikipedia-org-1664 39 26 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 39 27 consider consider VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 39 28 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 39 29 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1664 39 30 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 39 31 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 39 32 true true JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 39 33 mixed mixed JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 39 34 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 39 35 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 40 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 40 2 22][23 22][23 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 40 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 40 4 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 40 5 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 40 6 classified classify VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 40 7 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 40 8 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 40 9 Germanic germanic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 40 10 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 40 11 because because IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 40 12 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1664 40 13 shares share VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 40 14 innovations innovation NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 40 15 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 40 16 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 40 17 Germanic Germanic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 40 18 languages language NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 40 19 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 40 20 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 40 21 Dutch dutch JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 40 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 40 23 German german JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 40 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 40 25 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 40 26 Swedish swedish JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 40 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 41 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 41 2 24 24 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 41 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 41 4 These these DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 41 5 shared share VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 41 6 innovations innovation NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 41 7 show show VBP en-wikipedia-org-1664 41 8 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 41 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 41 10 languages language NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 41 11 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-1664 41 12 descended descend VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 41 13 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 41 14 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 41 15 single single JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 41 16 common common JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 41 17 ancestor ancestor NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 41 18 called call VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 41 19 Proto Proto NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 41 20 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 41 21 Germanic Germanic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 41 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 42 1 Some some DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 42 2 shared share VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 42 3 features feature NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 42 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 42 5 Germanic germanic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 42 6 languages language NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 42 7 include include VBP en-wikipedia-org-1664 42 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 42 9 division division NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 42 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 42 11 verbs verb NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 42 12 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 42 13 strong strong JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 42 14 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 42 15 weak weak JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 42 16 classes class NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 42 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 42 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 42 19 use use NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 42 20 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 42 21 modal modal NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 42 22 verbs verbs NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 42 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 42 24 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 42 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 42 26 sound sound NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 42 27 changes change NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 42 28 affecting affect VBG en-wikipedia-org-1664 42 29 Proto Proto NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 42 30 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 42 31 Indo indo JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 42 32 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 42 33 European european JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 42 34 consonants consonant NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 42 35 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 42 36 known know VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 42 37 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 42 38 Grimm Grimm NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 42 39 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-1664 42 40 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 42 41 Verner Verner NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 42 42 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-1664 42 43 laws law NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 42 44 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 43 1 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 43 2 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 43 3 classified classify VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 43 4 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 43 5 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 43 6 Anglo anglo JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 43 7 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 43 8 Frisian frisian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 43 9 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 43 10 because because IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 43 11 Frisian Frisian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 43 12 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 43 13 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 43 14 share share VBP en-wikipedia-org-1664 43 15 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 43 16 features feature NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 43 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 43 18 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 43 19 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 43 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 43 21 palatalisation palatalisation NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 43 22 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 43 23 consonants consonant NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 43 24 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-1664 43 25 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1664 43 26 velar velar JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 43 27 consonants consonant NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 43 28 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 43 29 Proto Proto NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 43 30 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 43 31 Germanic Germanic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 43 32 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 43 33 see see VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 43 34 Phonological phonological JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 43 35 history history NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 43 36 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 43 37 Old Old NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 43 38 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 43 39 § § ADD en-wikipedia-org-1664 43 40   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 43 41 Palatalization Palatalization NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 43 42 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 43 43 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 44 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 44 2 25 25 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 44 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 44 4 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 44 5 Main Main NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 44 6 article article NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 44 7 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1664 44 8 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 44 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 44 10 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 44 11 Proto Proto NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 44 12 - - : en-wikipedia-org-1664 44 13 Germanic Germanic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 44 14 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 44 15 Old Old NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 44 16 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 44 17 Main Main NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 44 18 article article NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 44 19 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1664 44 20 Old Old NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 44 21 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 44 22 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 44 23 opening opening NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 44 24 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 44 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 44 26 Old Old NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 44 27 English english JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 44 28 epic epic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 44 29 poem poem NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 44 30 Beowulf Beowulf NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 44 31 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 44 32 handwritten handwritten JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 44 33 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 44 34 half half JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 44 35 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 44 36 uncial uncial JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 44 37 script script NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 44 38 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1664 44 39 Hƿæt Hƿæt NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 44 40 ƿē ƿē NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 44 41 Gārde Gārde NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 44 42 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-1664 44 43 na na NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 44 44 ingēar ingēar NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 44 45 dagum dagum NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 44 46 þēod þēod NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 44 47 cyninga cyninga NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 44 48 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-1664 44 49 þrym þrym NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 44 50 ge ge NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 44 51 frunon frunon NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 44 52 ... ... : en-wikipedia-org-1664 44 53 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1664 44 54 Listen listen VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 44 55 ! ! . en-wikipedia-org-1664 45 1 We -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1664 45 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 45 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 45 4 Spear Spear NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 45 5 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 45 6 Danes Danes NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1664 45 7 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 45 8 days day NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 45 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 45 10 yore yore NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 45 11 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-1664 45 12 heard hear VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 45 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 45 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 45 15 glory glory NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 45 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 45 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 45 18 folk folk NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 45 19 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 45 20 kings king NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 45 21 ... ... : en-wikipedia-org-1664 45 22 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1664 45 23 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 45 24 earliest early JJS en-wikipedia-org-1664 45 25 form form NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 45 26 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 45 27 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 45 28 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 45 29 called call VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 45 30 Old Old NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 45 31 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 45 32 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 45 33 Anglo Anglo NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 45 34 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 45 35 Saxon Saxon NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 45 36 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 45 37 c. c. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 45 38 year year NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 45 39 550–1066 550–1066 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 45 40 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 45 41 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 46 1 Old old JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 46 2 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 46 3 developed develop VBD en-wikipedia-org-1664 46 4 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 46 5 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 46 6 set set NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 46 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 46 8 West West NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 46 9 Germanic Germanic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 46 10 dialects dialect NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 46 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 46 12 often often RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 46 13 grouped group VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 46 14 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 46 15 Anglo anglo JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 46 16 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 46 17 Frisian Frisian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 46 18 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 46 19 North North NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 46 20 Sea Sea NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 46 21 Germanic Germanic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 46 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 46 23 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 46 24 originally originally RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 46 25 spoken speak VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 46 26 along along IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 46 27 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 46 28 coasts coast NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 46 29 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 46 30 Frisia Frisia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 46 31 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 46 32 Lower Lower NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 46 33 Saxony Saxony NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 46 34 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 46 35 southern southern JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 46 36 Jutland Jutland NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 46 37 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 46 38 Germanic Germanic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 46 39 peoples people NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 46 40 known know VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 46 41 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 46 42 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 46 43 historical historical JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 46 44 record record NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 46 45 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 46 46 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 46 47 Angles Angles NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1664 46 48 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 46 49 Saxons Saxons NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1664 46 50 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 46 51 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 46 52 Jutes Jutes NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 46 53 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 47 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 47 2 26][27 26][27 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 47 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 47 4 From from IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 47 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 47 6 5th 5th JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 47 7 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 47 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 47 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 47 10 Anglo Anglo NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 47 11 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 47 12 Saxons Saxons NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1664 47 13 settled settle VBD en-wikipedia-org-1664 47 14 Britain Britain NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 47 15 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 47 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 47 17 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 47 18 economy economy NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 47 19 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 47 20 administration administration NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 47 21 collapsed collapse VBD en-wikipedia-org-1664 47 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 48 1 By by IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 48 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 48 3 7th 7th JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 48 4 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 48 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 48 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 48 7 Germanic germanic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 48 8 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 48 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 48 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 48 11 Anglo Anglo NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 48 12 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 48 13 Saxons Saxons NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1664 48 14 became become VBD en-wikipedia-org-1664 48 15 dominant dominant JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 48 16 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 48 17 Britain Britain NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 48 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 48 19 replacing replace VBG en-wikipedia-org-1664 48 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 48 21 languages language NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 48 22 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 48 23 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 48 24 Britain Britain NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 48 25 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 48 26 43–409 43–409 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 48 27 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 48 28 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1664 48 29 Common Common NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 48 30 Brittonic Brittonic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 48 31 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 48 32 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 48 33 Celtic celtic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 48 34 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 48 35 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 48 36 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 48 37 Latin Latin NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 48 38 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 48 39 brought bring VBD en-wikipedia-org-1664 48 40 to to 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en-wikipedia-org-1664 49 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 50 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 50 2 31 31 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 50 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 50 4 Old Old NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 50 5 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 50 6 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1664 50 7 divided divide VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 50 8 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 50 9 four four CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 50 10 dialects dialect NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 50 11 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1664 50 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 50 13 Anglian anglian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 50 14 dialects dialect NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 50 15 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 50 16 Mercian Mercian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 50 17 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 50 18 Northumbrian Northumbrian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 50 19 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 50 20 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 50 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 50 22 Saxon Saxon NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 50 23 dialects dialect VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 50 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 50 25 Kentish Kentish NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 50 26 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 50 27 West West NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 50 28 Saxon Saxon NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 50 29 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 51 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 51 2 32 32 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 51 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 51 4 Through through IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 51 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 51 6 educational educational JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 51 7 reforms reform NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 51 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 51 9 King King NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 51 10 Alfred Alfred NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 51 11 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 51 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 51 13 9th 9th JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 51 14 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 51 15 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 51 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 51 17 influence influence NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 51 18 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 51 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 51 20 kingdom kingdom NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 51 21 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 51 22 Wessex Wessex NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 51 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 51 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 51 25 West West NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 51 26 Saxon Saxon NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 51 27 dialect dialect NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 51 28 became become VBD en-wikipedia-org-1664 51 29 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 51 30 standard standard JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 51 31 written write VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 51 32 variety variety NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 51 33 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 52 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 52 2 33 33 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 52 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 52 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 52 5 epic epic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 52 6 poem poem NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 52 7 Beowulf Beowulf NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 52 8 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 52 9 written write VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 52 10 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 52 11 West West NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 52 12 Saxon Saxon NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 52 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 52 14 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 52 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 52 16 earliest early JJS en-wikipedia-org-1664 52 17 English english JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 52 18 poem poem NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 52 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 52 20 Cædmon Cædmon NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 52 21 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-1664 52 22 Hymn Hymn NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 52 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 52 24 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 52 25 written write VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 52 26 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 52 27 Northumbrian Northumbrian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 52 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 53 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 53 2 34 34 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 53 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 53 4 Modern Modern NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 53 5 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 53 6 developed develop VBD en-wikipedia-org-1664 53 7 mainly mainly RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 53 8 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 53 9 Mercian Mercian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 53 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 53 11 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 53 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 53 13 Scots Scots NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1664 53 14 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 53 15 developed develop VBD en-wikipedia-org-1664 53 16 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 53 17 Northumbrian Northumbrian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 53 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 54 1 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 54 2 few few JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 54 3 short short JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 54 4 inscriptions inscription NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 54 5 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 54 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 54 7 early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 54 8 period period NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 54 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 54 10 Old Old NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 54 11 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 54 12 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1664 54 13 written write VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 54 14 using use VBG en-wikipedia-org-1664 54 15 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 54 16 runic runic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 54 17 script script NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 54 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 55 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 55 2 35 35 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 55 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 55 4 By by IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 55 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 55 6 6th 6th JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 55 7 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 55 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 55 9 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 55 10 Latin latin JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 55 11 alphabet alphabet NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 55 12 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1664 55 13 adopted adopt VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 55 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 55 15 written write VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 55 16 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 55 17 half half PDT en-wikipedia-org-1664 55 18 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 55 19 uncial uncial JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 55 20 letterforms letterform NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 55 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 56 1 It -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1664 56 2 included include VBD en-wikipedia-org-1664 56 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 56 4 runic runic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 56 5 letters letter NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 56 6 wynn wynn NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 56 7 ⟨ƿ⟩ ⟨ƿ⟩ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 56 8 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 56 9 thorn thorn NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 56 10 ⟨þ⟩ ⟨þ⟩ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 56 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 56 12 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 56 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 56 14 modified modify VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 56 15 Latin Latin NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 56 16 letters letter NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 56 17 eth eth VBP en-wikipedia-org-1664 56 18 ⟨ð⟩ ⟨ð⟩ CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 56 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 56 20 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 56 21 ash ash VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 56 22 ⟨æ⟩. ⟨æ⟩. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 57 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 57 2 35][36 35][36 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 57 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 57 4 Old Old NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 57 5 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 57 6 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 57 7 essentially essentially RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 57 8 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 57 9 distinct distinct JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 57 10 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 57 11 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 57 12 Modern Modern NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 57 13 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 57 14 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 57 15 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 57 16 virtually virtually RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 57 17 impossible impossible JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 57 18 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 57 19 21st 21st JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 57 20 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 57 21 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 57 22 unstudied unstudied JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 57 23 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 57 24 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 57 25 speakers speaker NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 57 26 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1664 57 27 understand understand VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 57 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 58 1 Its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1664 58 2 grammar grammar NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 58 3 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1664 58 4 similar similar JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 58 5 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 58 6 that that DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 58 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 58 8 modern modern JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 58 9 German German NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 58 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 58 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 58 12 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1664 58 13 closest close JJS en-wikipedia-org-1664 58 14 relative relative NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 58 15 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 58 16 Old Old NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 58 17 Frisian Frisian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 58 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 59 1 Nouns noun NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 59 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 59 3 adjectives adjective NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 59 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 59 5 pronouns pronoun NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 59 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 59 7 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 59 8 verbs verb NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 59 9 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-1664 59 10 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 59 11 more more JJR en-wikipedia-org-1664 59 12 inflectional inflectional JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 59 13 endings ending NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 59 14 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 59 15 forms form NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 59 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 59 17 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 59 18 word word NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 59 19 order order NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 59 20 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1664 59 21 much much RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 59 22 freer free JJR en-wikipedia-org-1664 59 23 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 59 24 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 59 25 Modern modern JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 59 26 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 59 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 60 1 Modern modern JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 60 2 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 60 3 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 60 4 case case NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 60 5 forms form NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 60 6 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 60 7 pronouns pronoun NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 60 8 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 60 9 he -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1664 60 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 60 11 him -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1664 60 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 60 13 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1664 60 14 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 60 15 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 60 16 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 60 17 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 60 18 few few JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 60 19 verb verb JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 60 20 inflections inflection NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 60 21 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 60 22 speak speak VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 60 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 60 24 speaks speak VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 60 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 60 26 speaking speaking NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 60 27 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 60 28 spoke speak VBD en-wikipedia-org-1664 60 29 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 60 30 spoken spoken NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 60 31 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 60 32 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 60 33 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 60 34 Old Old NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 60 35 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 60 36 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-1664 60 37 case case NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 60 38 endings ending NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 60 39 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 60 40 nouns noun NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 60 41 as as RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 60 42 well well RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 60 43 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 60 44 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 60 45 verbs verb NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 60 46 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-1664 60 47 more more JJR en-wikipedia-org-1664 60 48 person person NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 60 49 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 60 50 number number NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 60 51 endings ending NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 60 52 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 61 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 61 2 37][38][39 37][38][39 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 61 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 61 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 61 5 translation translation NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 61 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 61 7 Matthew Matthew NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 61 8 8:20 8:20 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 61 9 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 61 10 1000 1000 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 61 11 shows show VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 61 12 examples example NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 61 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 61 14 case case NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 61 15 endings ending NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 61 16 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 61 17 nominative nominative JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 61 18 plural plural JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 61 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 61 20 accusative accusative JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 61 21 plural plural JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 61 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 61 23 genitive genitive JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 61 24 singular singular JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 61 25 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 61 26 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 61 27 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 61 28 verb verb JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 61 29 ending ending NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 61 30 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 61 31 present present JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 61 32 plural plural NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 61 33 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 61 34 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1664 61 35 Foxas Foxas NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 61 36 habbað habbað NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 61 37 holu holu NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 61 38 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 61 39 heofonan heofonan NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 61 40 fuglas fuglas NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 61 41 nest nest NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 61 42 Fox Fox NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 61 43 - - : en-wikipedia-org-1664 61 44 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 61 45 habb habb NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 61 46 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 61 47 að að NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 61 48 hol hol NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 61 49 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 61 50 u u NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 61 51 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 61 52 heofon heofon NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 61 53 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 61 54 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 61 55 fugl fugl JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 61 56 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 61 57 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 61 58 nest-∅ nest-∅ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 61 59 fox fox NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 61 60 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 61 61 NOM.PL NOM.PL NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 61 62 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-1664 61 63 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 61 64 PRS.PL prs.pl NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 61 65 hole hole NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 61 66 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 61 67 ACC.PL acc.pl NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 61 68 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 61 69 heaven heaven NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 61 70 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 61 71 GEN.SG GEN.SG NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 61 72 bird bird NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 61 73 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 61 74 NOM.PL NOM.PL NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 61 75 nest nest NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 61 76 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 61 77 ACC.PL ACC.PL NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 61 78 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1664 61 79 Foxes fox NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 61 80 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-1664 61 81 holes hole NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 61 82 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 61 83 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 61 84 birds bird NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 61 85 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 61 86 heaven heaven NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 61 87 nests"[40 nests"[40 '' en-wikipedia-org-1664 61 88 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 61 89 Middle Middle NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 61 90 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 61 91 Main Main NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 61 92 articles article NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 61 93 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1664 61 94 Middle Middle NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 61 95 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 61 96 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 61 97 Influence Influence NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 61 98 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 61 99 French French NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 61 100 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 61 101 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 61 102 Englischmen Englischmen NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 61 103 þeyz þeyz NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 61 104 hy hy NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 61 105 hadde hadde NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 61 106 fram fram NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 61 107 þe þe NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 61 108 bygynnyng bygynnyng NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 61 109 þre þre NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 61 110 manner manner NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 61 111 speche speche NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 61 112 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 61 113 Souþeron Souþeron NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 61 114 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 61 115 Northeron Northeron NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 61 116 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 61 117 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 61 118 Myddel Myddel NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 61 119 speche speche NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 61 120 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 61 121 þe þe NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 61 122 myddel myddel NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 61 123 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 61 124 þe þe NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 61 125 lond lond NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 61 126 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 61 127 ... ... . en-wikipedia-org-1664 61 128 Noþeles noþele NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 61 129 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 61 130 comyxstion comyxstion NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 61 131 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 61 132 mellyng mellyng NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 61 133 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 61 134 furst furst JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 61 135 wiþ wiþ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 61 136 Danes Danes NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 61 137 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 61 138 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 61 139 afterward afterward RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 61 140 wiþ wiþ NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 61 141 Normans Normans NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 61 142 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 61 143 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 61 144 menye menye NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 61 145 þe þe NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 61 146 contray contray NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 61 147 longage longage VBP en-wikipedia-org-1664 61 148 ys ys NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 61 149 asperyed asperyed NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 61 150 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 61 151 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 61 152 som som NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 61 153 vseþ vseþ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 61 154 strange strange JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 61 155 wlaffyng wlaffyng NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 61 156 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 61 157 chyteryng chyteryng NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 61 158 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 61 159 harryng harryng NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 61 160 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 61 161 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 61 162 garryng garryng NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 61 163 grisbytting grisbytting NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 61 164 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 62 1 Although although IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 62 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 62 3 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 62 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 62 5 beginning beginning NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 62 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 62 7 Englishmen Englishmen NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 62 8 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-1664 62 9 three three CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 62 10 manners manner NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 62 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 62 12 speaking speaking NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 62 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 62 14 southern southern JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 62 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 62 16 northern northern JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 62 17 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 62 18 midlands midland VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 62 19 speech speech NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 62 20 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 62 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 62 22 middle middle NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 62 23 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 62 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 62 25 country country NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 62 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 62 27 ... ... . en-wikipedia-org-1664 63 1 Nevertheless nevertheless RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 63 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 63 3 through through IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 63 4 intermingling intermingle VBG en-wikipedia-org-1664 63 5 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 63 6 mixing mix VBG en-wikipedia-org-1664 63 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 63 8 first first RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 63 9 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 63 10 Danes Danes NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1664 63 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 63 12 then then RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 63 13 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 63 14 Normans Normans NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1664 63 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 63 16 amongst amongst IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 63 17 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 63 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 63 19 country country NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 63 20 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 63 21 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 63 22 arisen arise VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 63 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 63 24 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 63 25 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 63 26 use use VBP en-wikipedia-org-1664 63 27 strange strange JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 63 28 stammering stammering NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 63 29 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 63 30 chattering chatter VBG en-wikipedia-org-1664 63 31 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 63 32 snarling snarl VBG en-wikipedia-org-1664 63 33 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 63 34 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 63 35 grating grating NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 63 36 gnashing gnashing NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 63 37 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 64 1 John John NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 64 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 64 3 Trevisa Trevisa NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 64 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 64 5 ca ca NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 64 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 65 1 1385[41 1385[41 LS en-wikipedia-org-1664 65 2 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 65 3 From from IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 65 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 65 5 8th 8th NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 65 6 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 65 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 65 8 12th 12th JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 65 9 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 65 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 65 11 Old Old NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 65 12 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 65 13 gradually gradually RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 65 14 transformed transform VBD en-wikipedia-org-1664 65 15 through through IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 65 16 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 65 17 contact contact NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 65 18 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 65 19 Middle Middle NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 65 20 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 65 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 66 1 Middle Middle NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 66 2 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 66 3 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 66 4 often often RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 66 5 arbitrarily arbitrarily RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 66 6 defined define VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 66 7 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 66 8 beginning begin VBG en-wikipedia-org-1664 66 9 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 66 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 66 11 conquest conquest NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 66 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 66 13 England England NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 66 14 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 66 15 William William NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 66 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 66 17 Conqueror Conqueror NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 66 18 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 66 19 1066 1066 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 66 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 66 21 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 66 22 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1664 66 23 developed develop VBD en-wikipedia-org-1664 66 24 further further RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 66 25 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 66 26 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 66 27 period period NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 66 28 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 66 29 1200 1200 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 66 30 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 66 31 1450 1450 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 66 32 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 67 1 First first RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 67 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 67 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 67 4 waves wave NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 67 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 67 6 Norse norse JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 67 7 colonisation colonisation NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 67 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 67 9 northern northern JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 67 10 parts part NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 67 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 67 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 67 13 British British NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 67 14 Isles Isles NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1664 67 15 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 67 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 67 17 8th 8th JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 67 18 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 67 19 9th 9th JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 67 20 centuries century NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 67 21 put put VBD en-wikipedia-org-1664 67 22 Old Old NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 67 23 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 67 24 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 67 25 intense intense JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 67 26 contact contact NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 67 27 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 67 28 Old Old NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 67 29 Norse Norse NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 67 30 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 67 31 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 67 32 North North NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 67 33 Germanic Germanic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 67 34 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 67 35 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 68 1 Norse norse JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 68 2 influence influence NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 68 3 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1664 68 4 strongest strong JJS en-wikipedia-org-1664 68 5 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 68 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 68 7 north north JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 68 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 68 9 eastern eastern JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 68 10 varieties variety NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 68 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 68 12 Old Old NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 68 13 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 68 14 spoken speak VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 68 15 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 68 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 68 17 Danelaw Danelaw NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 68 18 area area NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 68 19 around around IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 68 20 York York NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 68 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 68 22 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1664 68 23 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1664 68 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 68 25 centre centre NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 68 26 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 68 27 Norse Norse NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 68 28 colonisation colonisation NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 68 29 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1664 68 30 today today NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 68 31 these these DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 68 32 features feature NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 68 33 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1664 68 34 still still RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 68 35 particularly particularly RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 68 36 present present JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 68 37 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 68 38 Scots Scots NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1664 68 39 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 68 40 Northern Northern NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 68 41 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 68 42 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 69 1 However however RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 69 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 69 3 centre centre NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 69 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 69 5 norsified norsified NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 69 6 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 69 7 seems seem VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 69 8 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1664 69 9 have have VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 69 10 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 69 11 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 69 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 69 13 Midlands midland NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 69 14 around around IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 69 15 Lindsey Lindsey NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 69 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 69 17 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 69 18 after after IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 69 19 920 920 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 69 20 CE CE NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 69 21 when when WRB en-wikipedia-org-1664 69 22 Lindsey Lindsey NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 69 23 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1664 69 24 reincorporated reincorporate VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 69 25 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 69 26 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 69 27 Anglo Anglo NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 69 28 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 69 29 Saxon Saxon NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 69 30 polity polity NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 69 31 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 69 32 Norse Norse NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 69 33 features feature VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 69 34 spread spread VBP en-wikipedia-org-1664 69 35 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 69 36 there there RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 69 37 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 69 38 English english JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 69 39 varieties variety NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 69 40 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-1664 69 41 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-1664 69 42 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 69 43 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 69 44 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 69 45 direct direct JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 69 46 contact contact NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 69 47 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 69 48 Norse norse JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 69 49 speakers speaker NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 69 50 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 70 1 An an DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 70 2 element element NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 70 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 70 4 Norse norse JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 70 5 influence influence NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 70 6 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-1664 70 7 persists persist VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 70 8 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 70 9 all all DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 70 10 English english JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 70 11 varieties variety NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 70 12 today today NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 70 13 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 70 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 70 15 group group NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 70 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 70 17 pronouns pronoun NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 70 18 beginning begin VBG en-wikipedia-org-1664 70 19 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 70 20 th- th- XX en-wikipedia-org-1664 70 21 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 70 22 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1664 70 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 70 24 them -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1664 70 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 70 26 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1664 70 27 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 70 28 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1664 70 29 replaced replace VBD en-wikipedia-org-1664 70 30 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 70 31 Anglo Anglo NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 70 32 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 70 33 Saxon saxon NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 70 34 pronouns pronoun NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 70 35 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 70 36 h- h- NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 70 37 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 70 38 hie hie UH en-wikipedia-org-1664 70 39 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 70 40 him -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1664 70 41 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 70 42 hera hera NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 70 43 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 70 44 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 71 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 71 2 42 42 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 71 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 71 4 With with IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 71 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 71 6 Norman Norman NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 71 7 conquest conquest NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 71 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 71 9 England England NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 71 10 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 71 11 1066 1066 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 71 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 71 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 71 14 now now RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 71 15 norsified norsifie VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 71 16 Old Old NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 71 17 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 71 18 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 71 19 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1664 71 20 subject subject JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 71 21 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 71 22 contact contact NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 71 23 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 71 24 Old Old NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 71 25 French French NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 71 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 71 27 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 71 28 particular particular JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 71 29 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 71 30 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 71 31 Old Old NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 71 32 Norman Norman NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 71 33 dialect dialect NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 71 34 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 72 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 72 2 Norman Norman NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 72 3 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 72 4 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 72 5 England England NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 72 6 eventually eventually RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 72 7 developed develop VBD en-wikipedia-org-1664 72 8 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 72 9 Anglo Anglo NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 72 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 72 11 Norman Norman NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 72 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 73 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 73 2 9 9 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 73 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 73 4 Because because IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 73 5 Norman Norman NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 73 6 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1664 73 7 spoken speak VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 73 8 primarily primarily RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 73 9 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 73 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 73 11 elites elite NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 73 12 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 73 13 nobles noble NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 73 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 73 15 while while IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 73 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 73 17 lower low JJR en-wikipedia-org-1664 73 18 classes class NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 73 19 continued continue VBD en-wikipedia-org-1664 73 20 speaking speak VBG en-wikipedia-org-1664 73 21 Anglo Anglo NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 73 22 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 73 23 Saxon Saxon NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 73 24 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 73 25 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 73 26 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 73 27 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 73 28 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 73 29 main main JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 73 30 influence influence NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 73 31 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 73 32 Norman Norman NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 73 33 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1664 73 34 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 73 35 introduction introduction NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 73 36 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 73 37 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 73 38 wide wide JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 73 39 range range NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 73 40 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 73 41 loanwords loanword NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 73 42 related relate VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 73 43 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 73 44 politics politic NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 73 45 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 73 46 legislation legislation NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 73 47 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 73 48 prestigious prestigious JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 73 49 social social JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 73 50 domains domain NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 73 51 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 74 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 74 2 8 8 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 74 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 74 4 Middle Middle NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 74 5 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 74 6 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 74 7 greatly greatly RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 74 8 simplified simplify VBD en-wikipedia-org-1664 74 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 74 10 inflectional inflectional JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 74 11 system system NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 74 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 74 13 probably probably RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 74 14 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 74 15 order order NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 74 16 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1664 74 17 reconcile reconcile VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 74 18 Old Old NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 74 19 Norse Norse NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 74 20 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 74 21 Old Old NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 74 22 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 74 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 74 24 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1664 74 25 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1664 74 26 inflectionally inflectionally RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 74 27 different different JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 74 28 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 74 29 morphologically morphologically RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 74 30 similar similar JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 74 31 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 75 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 75 2 distinction distinction NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 75 3 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 75 4 nominative nominative JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 75 5 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 75 6 accusative accusative JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 75 7 cases case NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 75 8 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1664 75 9 lost lose VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 75 10 except except IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 75 11 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 75 12 personal personal JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 75 13 pronouns pronoun NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 75 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 75 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 75 16 instrumental instrumental JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 75 17 case case NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 75 18 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1664 75 19 dropped drop VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 75 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 75 21 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 75 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 75 23 use use NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 75 24 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 75 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 75 26 genitive genitive JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 75 27 case case NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 75 28 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1664 75 29 limited limit VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 75 30 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 75 31 indicating indicate VBG en-wikipedia-org-1664 75 32 possession possession NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 75 33 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 76 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 76 2 inflectional inflectional JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 76 3 system system NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 76 4 regularised regularise VBD en-wikipedia-org-1664 76 5 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 76 6 irregular irregular JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 76 7 inflectional inflectional JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 76 8 forms,[43 forms,[43 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 76 9 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 76 10 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 76 11 gradually gradually RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 76 12 simplified simplify VBD en-wikipedia-org-1664 76 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 76 14 system system NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 76 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 76 16 agreement agreement NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 76 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 76 18 making make VBG en-wikipedia-org-1664 76 19 word word NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 76 20 order order NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 76 21 less less RBR en-wikipedia-org-1664 76 22 flexible flexible JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 76 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 77 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 77 2 44 44 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 77 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 77 4 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 77 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 77 6 Wycliffe Wycliffe NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 77 7 Bible Bible NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 77 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 77 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 77 10 1380s 1380 NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 77 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 77 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 77 13 verse verse NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 77 14 Matthew Matthew NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 77 15 8:20 8:20 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 77 16 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1664 77 17 written write VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 77 18 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1664 77 19 Foxis Foxis NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 77 20 han han NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 77 21 dennes denne NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 77 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 77 23 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 77 24 briddis briddis NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 77 25 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 77 26 heuene heuene NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 77 27 han han NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 77 28 nestis[45 nestis[45 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 77 29 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 77 30 Here here RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 77 31 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 77 32 plural plural JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 77 33 suffix suffix NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 77 34 -n -n , en-wikipedia-org-1664 77 35 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 77 36 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 77 37 verb verb NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 77 38 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-1664 77 39 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 77 40 still still RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 77 41 retained retain VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 77 42 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 77 43 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 77 44 none none NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 77 45 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 77 46 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 77 47 case case NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 77 48 endings ending NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 77 49 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 77 50 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 77 51 nouns noun NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 77 52 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1664 77 53 present present JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 77 54 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 78 1 By by IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 78 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 78 3 12th 12th JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 78 4 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 78 5 Middle Middle NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 78 6 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 78 7 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1664 78 8 fully fully RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 78 9 developed develop VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 78 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 78 11 integrating integrate VBG en-wikipedia-org-1664 78 12 both both CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 78 13 Norse Norse NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 78 14 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 78 15 French french JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 78 16 features feature NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 78 17 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1664 78 18 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1664 78 19 continued continue VBD en-wikipedia-org-1664 78 20 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1664 78 21 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 78 22 spoken speak VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 78 23 until until IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 78 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 78 25 transition transition NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 78 26 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 78 27 early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 78 28 Modern modern JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 78 29 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 78 30 around around IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 78 31 1500 1500 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 78 32 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 79 1 Middle middle JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 79 2 English english JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 79 3 literature literature NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 79 4 includes include VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 79 5 Geoffrey Geoffrey NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 79 6 Chaucer Chaucer NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 79 7 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-1664 79 8 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 79 9 Canterbury Canterbury NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 79 10 Tales Tales NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1664 79 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 79 12 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 79 13 Malory Malory NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 79 14 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-1664 79 15 Le Le NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 79 16 Morte Morte NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 79 17 d'Arthur d'Arthur NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 79 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 80 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 80 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 80 3 Middle Middle NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 80 4 English english JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 80 5 period period NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 80 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 80 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 80 8 use use NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 80 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 80 10 regional regional JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 80 11 dialects dialect NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 80 12 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 80 13 writing writing NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 80 14 proliferated proliferate VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 80 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 80 16 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 80 17 dialect dialect VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 80 18 traits trait NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 80 19 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1664 80 20 even even RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 80 21 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 80 22 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 80 23 effect effect NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 80 24 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 80 25 authors author NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 80 26 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 80 27 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 80 28 Chaucer Chaucer NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 80 29 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 81 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 81 2 46 46 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 81 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 81 4 Early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 81 5 Modern modern JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 81 6 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 81 7 Main Main NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 81 8 article article NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 81 9 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1664 81 10 Early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 81 11 Modern modern JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 81 12 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 81 13 Graphic Graphic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 81 14 representation representation NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 81 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 81 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 81 17 Great Great NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 81 18 Vowel Vowel NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 81 19 Shift Shift NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 81 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 81 21 showing show VBG en-wikipedia-org-1664 81 22 how how WRB en-wikipedia-org-1664 81 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 81 24 pronunciation pronunciation NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 81 25 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 81 26 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 81 27 long long JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 81 28 vowels vowel NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 81 29 gradually gradually RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 81 30 shifted shift VBD en-wikipedia-org-1664 81 31 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 81 32 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 81 33 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 81 34 high high JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 81 35 vowels vowel NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 81 36 i i PRP en-wikipedia-org-1664 81 37 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1664 81 38 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 81 39 u u LS en-wikipedia-org-1664 81 40 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1664 81 41 breaking break VBG en-wikipedia-org-1664 81 42 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 81 43 diphthongs diphthong NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 81 44 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 81 45 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 81 46 lower low JJR en-wikipedia-org-1664 81 47 vowels vowel NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 81 48 each each DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 81 49 shifting shift VBG en-wikipedia-org-1664 81 50 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1664 81 51 pronunciation pronunciation NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 81 52 up up RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 81 53 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 81 54 level level NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 81 55 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 81 56 next next JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 81 57 period period NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 81 58 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 81 59 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 81 60 history history NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 81 61 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 81 62 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 81 63 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1664 81 64 Early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 81 65 Modern Modern NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 81 66 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 81 67 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 81 68 1500–1700 1500–1700 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 81 69 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 81 70 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 82 1 Early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 82 2 Modern Modern NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 82 3 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 82 4 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1664 82 5 characterised characterise VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 82 6 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 82 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 82 8 Great Great NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 82 9 Vowel Vowel NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 82 10 Shift Shift NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 82 11 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 82 12 1350–1700 1350–1700 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 82 13 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 82 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 82 15 inflectional inflectional JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 82 16 simplification simplification NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 82 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 82 18 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 82 19 linguistic linguistic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 82 20 standardisation standardisation NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 82 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 83 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 83 2 Great Great NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 83 3 Vowel Vowel NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 83 4 Shift Shift NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 83 5 affected affect VBD en-wikipedia-org-1664 83 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 83 7 stressed stress VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 83 8 long long JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 83 9 vowels vowel NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 83 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 83 11 Middle Middle NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 83 12 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 83 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 84 1 It -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1664 84 2 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1664 84 3 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 84 4 chain chain NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 84 5 shift shift NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 84 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 84 7 meaning mean VBG en-wikipedia-org-1664 84 8 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 84 9 each each DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 84 10 shift shift NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 84 11 triggered trigger VBD en-wikipedia-org-1664 84 12 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 84 13 subsequent subsequent JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 84 14 shift shift NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 84 15 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 84 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 84 17 vowel vowel NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 84 18 system system NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 84 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 85 1 Mid mid JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 85 2 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 85 3 open open JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 85 4 vowels vowel NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 85 5 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1664 85 6 raised raise VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 85 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 85 8 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 85 9 close close JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 85 10 vowels vowel NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 85 11 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1664 85 12 broken break VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 85 13 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 85 14 diphthongs diphthong NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 85 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 86 1 For for IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 86 2 example example NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 86 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 86 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 86 5 word word NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 86 6 bite bite NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 86 7 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1664 86 8 originally originally RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 86 9 pronounced pronounce VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 86 10 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 86 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 86 12 word word NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 86 13 beet beet NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 86 14 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 86 15 today today NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 86 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 86 17 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 86 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 86 19 second second JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 86 20 vowel vowel NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 86 21 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 86 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 86 23 word word NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 86 24 about about IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 86 25 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1664 86 26 pronounced pronounce VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 86 27 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 86 28 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 86 29 word word NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 86 30 boot boot NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 86 31 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 86 32 today today NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 86 33 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 87 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 87 2 Great Great NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 87 3 Vowel Vowel NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 87 4 Shift Shift NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 87 5 explains explain VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 87 6 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 87 7 irregularities irregularity NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 87 8 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 87 9 spelling spelling NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 87 10 since since IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 87 11 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 87 12 retains retain VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 87 13 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 87 14 spellings spelling NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 87 15 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 87 16 Middle Middle NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 87 17 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 87 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 87 19 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 87 20 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1664 87 21 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 87 22 explains explain VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 87 23 why why WRB en-wikipedia-org-1664 87 24 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 87 25 vowel vowel NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 87 26 letters letter NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 87 27 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-1664 87 28 very very RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 87 29 different different JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 87 30 pronunciations pronunciation NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 87 31 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 87 32 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 87 33 same same JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 87 34 letters letter NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 87 35 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 87 36 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 87 37 languages language NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 87 38 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 88 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 88 2 47][48 47][48 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 88 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 88 4 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 88 5 began begin VBD en-wikipedia-org-1664 88 6 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1664 88 7 rise rise VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 88 8 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 88 9 prestige prestige NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 88 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 88 11 relative relative JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 88 12 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 88 13 Norman Norman NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 88 14 French French NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 88 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 88 16 during during IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 88 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 88 18 reign reign NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 88 19 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 88 20 Henry Henry NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 88 21 V. V. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 88 22 Around Around NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 88 23 1430 1430 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 88 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 88 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 88 26 Court Court NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 88 27 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 88 28 Chancery Chancery NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 88 29 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 88 30 Westminster Westminster NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 88 31 began begin VBD en-wikipedia-org-1664 88 32 using use VBG en-wikipedia-org-1664 88 33 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 88 34 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 88 35 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1664 88 36 official official JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 88 37 documents document NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 88 38 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 88 39 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 88 40 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 88 41 new new JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 88 42 standard standard JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 88 43 form form NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 88 44 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 88 45 Middle Middle NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 88 46 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 88 47 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 88 48 known know VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 88 49 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 88 50 Chancery Chancery NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 88 51 Standard Standard NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 88 52 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 88 53 developed develop VBD en-wikipedia-org-1664 88 54 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 88 55 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 88 56 dialects dialect NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 88 57 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 88 58 London London NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 88 59 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 88 60 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 88 61 East East NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 88 62 Midlands Midlands NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1664 88 63 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 89 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 89 2 1476 1476 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 89 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 89 4 William William NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 89 5 Caxton Caxton NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 89 6 introduced introduce VBD en-wikipedia-org-1664 89 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 89 8 printing print VBG en-wikipedia-org-1664 89 9 press press NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 89 10 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 89 11 England England NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 89 12 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 89 13 began begin VBD en-wikipedia-org-1664 89 14 publishing publish VBG en-wikipedia-org-1664 89 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 89 16 first first JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 89 17 printed print VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 89 18 books book NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 89 19 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 89 20 London London NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 89 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 89 22 expanding expand VBG en-wikipedia-org-1664 89 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 89 24 influence influence NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 89 25 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 89 26 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 89 27 form form NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 89 28 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 89 29 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 89 30 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 90 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 90 2 49 49 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 90 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 90 4 Literature literature NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 90 5 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 90 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 90 7 Early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 90 8 Modern modern JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 90 9 period period NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 90 10 includes include VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 90 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 90 12 works work NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 90 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 90 14 William William NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 90 15 Shakespeare Shakespeare NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 90 16 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 90 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 90 18 translation translation NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 90 19 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 90 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 90 21 Bible Bible NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 90 22 commissioned commission VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 90 23 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 90 24 King King NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 90 25 James James NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 90 26 I. I. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 91 1 Even even RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 91 2 after after IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 91 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 91 4 vowel vowel NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 91 5 shift shift NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 91 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 91 7 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 91 8 still still RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 91 9 sounded sound VBD en-wikipedia-org-1664 91 10 different different JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 91 11 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 91 12 Modern modern JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 91 13 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 91 14 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1664 91 15 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 91 16 example example NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 91 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 91 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 91 19 consonant consonant NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 91 20 clusters cluster NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 91 21 /kn /kn . en-wikipedia-org-1664 91 22 ɡn ɡn NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 91 23 sw/ sw/ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 91 24 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 91 25 knight knight NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 91 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 91 27 gnat gnat NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 91 28 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 91 29 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 91 30 sword sword NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 91 31 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1664 91 32 still still RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 91 33 pronounced pronounce VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 91 34 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 92 1 Many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 92 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 92 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 92 4 grammatical grammatical JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 92 5 features feature NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 92 6 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-1664 92 7 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 92 8 modern modern JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 92 9 reader reader NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 92 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 92 11 Shakespeare Shakespeare NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 92 12 might may MD en-wikipedia-org-1664 92 13 find find VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 92 14 quaint quaint NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 92 15 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 92 16 archaic archaic NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 92 17 represent represent VBP en-wikipedia-org-1664 92 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 92 19 distinct distinct JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 92 20 characteristics characteristic NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 92 21 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 92 22 Early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 92 23 Modern Modern NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 92 24 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 92 25 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 93 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 93 2 50 50 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 93 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 93 4 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 93 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 93 6 1611 1611 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 93 7 King King NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 93 8 James James NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 93 9 Version Version NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 93 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 93 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 93 12 Bible Bible NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 93 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 93 14 written write VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 93 15 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 93 16 Early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 93 17 Modern Modern NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 93 18 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 93 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 93 20 Matthew Matthew NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 93 21 8:20 8:20 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 93 22 says say VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 93 23 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1664 93 24 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 93 25 Foxes Foxes NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 93 26 haue haue NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 93 27 holes hole NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 93 28 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 93 29 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 93 30 birds bird NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 93 31 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 93 32 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 93 33 ayre ayre NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 93 34 haue haue NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 93 35 nests[40 nests[40 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 93 36 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 93 37 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 93 38 exemplifies exemplify VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 93 39 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 93 40 loss loss NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 93 41 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 93 42 case case NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 93 43 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 93 44 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1664 93 45 effects effect NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 93 46 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 93 47 sentence sentence NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 93 48 structure structure NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 93 49 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 93 50 replacement replacement NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 93 51 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 93 52 subject subject JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 93 53 – – : en-wikipedia-org-1664 93 54 verb verb NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 93 55 – – : en-wikipedia-org-1664 93 56 object object NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 93 57 word word NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 93 58 order order NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 93 59 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 93 60 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 93 61 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 93 62 use use NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 93 63 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 93 64 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 93 65 instead instead RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 93 66 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 93 67 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 93 68 non non JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 93 69 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 93 70 possessive possessive JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 93 71 genitive genitive JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 93 72 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 93 73 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 93 74 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 93 75 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 93 76 introduction introduction NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 93 77 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 93 78 loanwords loanword NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 93 79 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 93 80 French French NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 93 81 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 93 82 ayre ayre NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 93 83 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 93 84 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 93 85 word word NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 93 86 replacements replacement NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 93 87 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 93 88 bird bird NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 93 89 originally originally RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 93 90 meaning mean VBG en-wikipedia-org-1664 93 91 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1664 93 92 nestling nestle VBG en-wikipedia-org-1664 93 93 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1664 93 94 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-1664 93 95 replaced replace VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 93 96 OE OE NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 93 97 fugol fugol NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 93 98 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 93 99 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 94 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 94 2 40 40 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 94 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 94 4 Spread spread NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 94 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 94 6 Modern Modern NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 94 7 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 94 8 By by IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 94 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 94 10 late late JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 94 11 18th 18th JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 94 12 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 94 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 94 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 94 15 British British NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 94 16 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 94 17 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-1664 94 18 spread spread VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 94 19 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 94 20 through through IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 94 21 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1664 94 22 colonies colony NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 94 23 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 94 24 geopolitical geopolitical JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 94 25 dominance dominance NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 94 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 95 1 Commerce commerce NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 95 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 95 3 science science NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 95 4 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 95 5 technology technology NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 95 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 95 7 diplomacy diplomacy NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 95 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 95 9 art art NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 95 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 95 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 95 12 formal formal JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 95 13 education education NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 95 14 all all DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 95 15 contributed contribute VBD en-wikipedia-org-1664 95 16 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 95 17 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 95 18 becoming become VBG en-wikipedia-org-1664 95 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 95 20 first first JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 95 21 truly truly RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 95 22 global global JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 95 23 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 95 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 96 1 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 96 2 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 96 3 facilitated facilitate VBD en-wikipedia-org-1664 96 4 worldwide worldwide JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 96 5 international international JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 96 6 communication communication NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 96 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 97 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 97 2 51][3 51][3 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 97 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 97 4 England England NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 97 5 continued continue VBD en-wikipedia-org-1664 97 6 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1664 97 7 form form VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 97 8 new new JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 97 9 colonies colony NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 97 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 97 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 97 12 these these DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 97 13 later later RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 97 14 developed develop VBD en-wikipedia-org-1664 97 15 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1664 97 16 own own JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 97 17 norms norm NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 97 18 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 97 19 speech speech NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 97 20 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 97 21 writing writing NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 97 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 98 1 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 98 2 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1664 98 3 adopted adopt VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 98 4 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 98 5 parts part NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 98 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 98 7 North North NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 98 8 America America NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 98 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 98 10 parts part NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 98 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 98 12 Africa Africa NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 98 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 98 14 Australasia Australasia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 98 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 98 16 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 98 17 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 98 18 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 98 19 regions region NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 98 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 99 1 When when WRB en-wikipedia-org-1664 99 2 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1664 99 3 obtained obtain VBD 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100 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 100 6 20th 20th JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 100 7 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 100 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 100 9 growing grow VBG en-wikipedia-org-1664 100 10 economic economic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 100 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 100 12 cultural cultural JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 100 13 influence influence NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 100 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 100 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 100 16 United United NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 100 17 States States NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 100 18 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 100 19 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1664 100 20 status status NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 100 21 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 100 22 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 100 23 superpower superpower NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 100 24 following follow VBG en-wikipedia-org-1664 100 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 100 26 Second Second NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 100 27 World World NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 100 28 War War NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 100 29 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 100 30 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 100 31 along along IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 100 32 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 100 33 worldwide worldwide JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 100 34 broadcasting broadcasting NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 100 35 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 100 36 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 100 37 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 100 38 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 100 39 BBC[55 BBC[55 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 100 40 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 100 41 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 100 42 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 100 43 broadcasters broadcaster NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 100 44 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 100 45 caused cause VBD en-wikipedia-org-1664 100 46 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 100 47 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 100 48 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1664 100 49 spread spread VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 100 50 across across IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 100 51 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 100 52 planet planet NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 100 53 much much RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 100 54 faster fast RBR en-wikipedia-org-1664 100 55 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 101 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 101 2 56][57 56][57 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 101 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 101 4 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 101 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 101 6 21st 21st JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 101 7 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 101 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 101 9 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 101 10 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 101 11 more more RBR en-wikipedia-org-1664 101 12 widely widely RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 101 13 spoken speak VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 101 14 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 101 15 written write VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 101 16 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 101 17 any any DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 101 18 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 101 19 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 101 20 ever ever RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 101 21 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 101 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 102 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 102 2 58 58 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 102 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 102 4 As as IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 102 5 Modern Modern NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 102 6 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 102 7 developed develop VBD en-wikipedia-org-1664 102 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 102 9 explicit explicit JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 102 10 norms norm NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 102 11 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 102 12 standard standard JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 102 13 usage usage NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 102 14 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1664 102 15 published publish VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 102 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 102 17 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 102 18 spread spread VBD en-wikipedia-org-1664 102 19 through through IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 102 20 official 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en-wikipedia-org-1664 103 12 Language Language NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 103 13 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1664 103 14 introduced introduce VBD en-wikipedia-org-1664 103 15 standard standard JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 103 16 spellings spelling NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 103 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 103 18 words word NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 103 19 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 103 20 usage usage NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 103 21 norms norm NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 103 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 104 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 104 2 1828 1828 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 104 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 104 4 Noah Noah NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 104 5 Webster Webster NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 104 6 published publish VBD en-wikipedia-org-1664 104 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 104 8 American American NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 104 9 Dictionary Dictionary NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 104 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 104 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 104 12 English english JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 104 13 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 104 14 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1664 104 15 try try VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 104 16 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1664 104 17 establish establish VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 104 18 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 104 19 norm norm NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 104 20 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 104 21 speaking speak VBG en-wikipedia-org-1664 104 22 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 104 23 writing write VBG en-wikipedia-org-1664 104 24 American American NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 104 25 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 104 26 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-1664 104 27 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1664 104 28 independent independent JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 104 29 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 104 30 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 104 31 British british JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 104 32 standard standard NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 104 33 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 105 1 Within within IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 105 2 Britain Britain NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 105 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 105 4 non non JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 105 5 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 105 6 standard standard JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 105 7 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 105 8 lower low JJR en-wikipedia-org-1664 105 9 class class NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 105 10 dialect dialect NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 105 11 features feature NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 105 12 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1664 105 13 increasingly increasingly RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 105 14 stigmatised stigmatise VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 105 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 105 16 leading lead VBG en-wikipedia-org-1664 105 17 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 105 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 105 19 quick quick JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 105 20 spread spread NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 105 21 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 105 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 105 23 prestige prestige NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 105 24 varieties 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19 now now RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 106 20 only only RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 106 21 found find VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 106 22 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 106 23 pronouns pronoun NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 106 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 106 25 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 106 26 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 106 27 he -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1664 106 28 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 106 29 him -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1664 106 30 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 106 31 she -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1664 106 32 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 106 33 her -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1664 106 34 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 106 35 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-1664 106 36 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 106 37 whom whom WP en-wikipedia-org-1664 106 38 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 106 39 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 106 40 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 106 41 SVO SVO NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 106 42 word word NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 106 43 order order NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 106 44 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 106 45 mostly mostly RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 106 46 fixed fix VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 106 47 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 107 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 107 2 59 59 LS en-wikipedia-org-1664 107 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 107 4 Some some DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 107 5 changes change NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 107 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 107 7 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 107 8 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 107 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 107 10 use use NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 107 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 107 12 do do NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 107 13 - - NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 107 14 support support NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 107 15 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-1664 107 16 become become VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 107 17 universalised universalised JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 107 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 108 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 108 2 Earlier early JJR en-wikipedia-org-1664 108 3 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 108 4 did do VBD en-wikipedia-org-1664 108 5 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 108 6 use use VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 108 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 108 8 word word NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 108 9 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1664 108 10 do do VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 108 11 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1664 108 12 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 108 13 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 108 14 general general JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 108 15 auxiliary auxiliary NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 108 16 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 108 17 Modern Modern NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 108 18 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 108 19 does do VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 108 20 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1664 108 21 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 108 22 first first RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 108 23 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1664 108 24 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1664 108 25 only only RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 108 26 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 108 27 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 108 28 question question NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 108 29 constructions construction NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 108 30 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 108 31 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 108 32 even even RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 108 33 then then RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 108 34 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1664 108 35 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 108 36 obligatory obligatory JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 108 37 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 109 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 109 2 60 60 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 109 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 109 4 Now now RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 109 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 109 6 do do NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 109 7 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 109 8 support support NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 109 9 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 109 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 109 11 verb verb NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 109 12 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-1664 109 13 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 109 14 becoming become VBG en-wikipedia-org-1664 109 15 increasingly increasingly RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 109 16 standardised standardised JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 109 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 109 18 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 110 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 110 2 use use NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 110 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 110 4 progressive progressive JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 110 5 forms form NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 110 6 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 110 7 -ing -ing NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 110 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 110 9 appears appear VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 110 10 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1664 110 11 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 110 12 spreading spread VBG en-wikipedia-org-1664 110 13 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 110 14 new new JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 110 15 constructions construction NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 110 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 110 17 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 110 18 forms form NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 110 19 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 110 20 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 110 21 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-1664 110 22 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 110 23 being be VBG en-wikipedia-org-1664 110 24 built build VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 110 25 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1664 110 26 becoming become VBG en-wikipedia-org-1664 110 27 more more RBR en-wikipedia-org-1664 110 28 common common JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 110 29 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 111 1 Regularisation regularisation NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 111 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 111 3 irregular irregular JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 111 4 forms form NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 111 5 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 111 6 slowly slowly RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 111 7 continues continue VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 111 8 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 111 9 e.g. e.g. RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 112 1 dreamed dream VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 112 2 instead instead RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 112 3 of of IN 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NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 114 2 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 114 3 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 114 4 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 114 5 undergoing undergo VBG en-wikipedia-org-1664 114 6 change change NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 114 7 under under IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 114 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 114 9 influence influence NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 114 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 114 11 American American NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 114 12 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 114 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 114 14 fuelled fuel VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 114 15 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 114 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 114 17 strong strong JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 114 18 presence presence NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 114 19 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 114 20 American American NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 114 21 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 114 22 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 114 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 114 24 media medium NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 114 25 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 114 26 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 114 27 prestige prestige NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 114 28 associated associate VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 114 29 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 114 30 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 114 31 US US NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 114 32 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 114 33 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 114 34 world world NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 114 35 power power NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 114 36 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 115 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 115 2 61][62][63 61][62][63 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 115 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 115 4 Geographical geographical JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 115 5 distribution distribution NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 115 6 See see VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 115 7 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 115 8 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1664 115 9 List list NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 115 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 115 11 territorial territorial JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 115 12 entities entity NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 115 13 where where WRB en-wikipedia-org-1664 115 14 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 115 15 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 115 16 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 115 17 official official JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 115 18 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 115 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 115 20 Geographical geographical JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 115 21 distribution distribution NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 115 22 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 115 23 English english JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 115 24 speakers speaker NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 115 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 115 26 List list NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 115 27 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 115 28 countries country NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 115 29 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 115 30 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 115 31 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 115 32 speaking speak VBG en-wikipedia-org-1664 115 33 population population NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 115 34 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 115 35 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 115 36 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 115 37 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 115 38 speaking speak VBG en-wikipedia-org-1664 115 39 world world NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 115 40 Percentage Percentage NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 115 41 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 115 42 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 115 43 speakers speaker NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 115 44 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 115 45 country country NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 115 46 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 115 47 dependency dependency NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 115 48 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 115 49 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 115 50 2014 2014 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 115 51 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 116 1 80–100 80–100 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 116 2 % % NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 116 3       _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 116 4 60–80 60–80 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 116 5 % % NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 116 6       _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 116 7 40–60 40–60 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 116 8 % % NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 116 9       _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 116 10 20–40 20–40 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 116 11 % % NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 116 12       _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 116 13 0.1 0.1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 116 14 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-1664 116 15 20 20 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 116 16 % % NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 116 17       _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 116 18 No no DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 116 19 data data NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 116 20 Percentage Percentage NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 116 21 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 116 22 English english JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 116 23 native native JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 116 24 speakers speaker NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 116 25 As as IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 116 26 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 116 27 2016[update 2016[update NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 116 28 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 116 29 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 116 30 400 400 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 116 31   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 116 32 million million CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 116 33 people people NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 116 34 spoke speak VBD en-wikipedia-org-1664 116 35 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 116 36 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 116 37 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1664 116 38 first first JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 116 39 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 116 40 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 116 41 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 116 42 1.1 1.1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 116 43   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 116 44 billion billion CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 116 45 spoke speak VBD en-wikipedia-org-1664 116 46 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1664 116 47 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 116 48 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 116 49 secondary secondary JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 116 50 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 116 51 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 117 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 117 2 64 64 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 117 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 117 4 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 117 5 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 117 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 117 7 largest large JJS en-wikipedia-org-1664 117 8 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 117 9 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 117 10 number number NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 117 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 117 12 speakers speaker NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 117 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 118 1 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 118 2 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 118 3 spoken speak VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 118 4 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 118 5 communities community NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 118 6 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 118 7 every every DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 118 8 continent continent NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 118 9 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 118 10 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 118 11 islands island NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 118 12 in in IN 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NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 133 5 David David NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 133 6 Crystal Crystal NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 133 7 estimates estimate VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 133 8 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 133 9 non non JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 133 10 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 133 11 native native JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 133 12 speakers speaker NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 133 13 now now RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 133 14 outnumber outnumber VBP en-wikipedia-org-1664 133 15 native native JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 133 16 speakers speaker NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 133 17 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 133 18 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 133 19 ratio ratio NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 133 20 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 133 21 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 133 22 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 133 23 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 133 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 134 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 134 2 77 77 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 134 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 134 4 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 134 5 Kachru Kachru NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 134 6 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-1664 134 7 three three CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 134 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 134 9 circles circle NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 134 10 model model NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 134 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 134 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 134 13 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1664 134 14 outer outer JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 134 15 circle circle NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 134 16 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1664 134 17 countries country NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 134 18 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1664 134 19 countries country NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 134 20 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 134 21 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 134 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 134 23 Philippines,[78 Philippines,[78 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 134 24 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 134 25 Jamaica,[79 Jamaica,[79 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 134 26 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 134 27 India India NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 134 28 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 134 29 Pakistan,[80 Pakistan,[80 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 134 30 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 134 31 Malaysia Malaysia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 134 32 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 134 33 Nigeria[81][82 Nigeria[81][82 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 134 34 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 134 35 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 134 36 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 134 37 much much RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 134 38 smaller small JJR en-wikipedia-org-1664 134 39 proportion proportion NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 134 40 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 134 41 native native JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 134 42 speakers speaker NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 134 43 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 134 44 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 134 45 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 134 46 much much JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 134 47 use use NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 134 48 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 134 49 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 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en-wikipedia-org-1664 136 38 instruction instruction NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 136 39 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 137 1 Varieties Varieties NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 137 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 137 3 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 137 4 learned learn VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 137 5 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 137 6 non non JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 137 7 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 137 8 native native JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 137 9 speakers speaker NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 137 10 born bear VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 137 11 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 137 12 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 137 13 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 137 14 speaking speak VBG en-wikipedia-org-1664 137 15 parents parent NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 137 16 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-1664 137 17 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 137 18 influenced influence VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 137 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 137 20 especially especially RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 137 21 in in 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language language NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 140 39 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 140 40 make make VBP en-wikipedia-org-1664 140 41 up up RP en-wikipedia-org-1664 140 42 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 140 43 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1664 140 44 expanding expand VBG en-wikipedia-org-1664 140 45 circle circle NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 140 46 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1664 140 47 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 141 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 141 2 84 84 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 141 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 141 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 141 5 distinctions distinction NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 141 6 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 141 7 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 141 8 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 141 9 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 141 10 first first JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 141 11 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 141 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 141 13 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 141 14 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 141 15 second second JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 141 16 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 141 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 141 18 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 141 19 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 141 20 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 141 21 foreign foreign JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 141 22 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 141 23 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1664 141 24 often often RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 141 25 debatable debatable JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 141 26 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 141 27 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-1664 141 28 change change VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 141 29 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 141 30 particular particular JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 141 31 countries country NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 141 32 over over IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 141 33 time time NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 141 34 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 142 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 142 2 83 83 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 142 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 142 4 For for IN 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145 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 145 7 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 145 8 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 145 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 145 10 expanding expand VBG en-wikipedia-org-1664 145 11 circle circle NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 145 12 use use VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 145 13 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1664 145 14 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1664 145 15 communicate communicate VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 145 16 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 145 17 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 145 18 people people NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 145 19 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 145 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 145 21 expanding expand VBG en-wikipedia-org-1664 145 22 circle circle NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 145 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 145 24 so so IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 145 25 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 145 26 interaction interaction NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 145 27 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 145 28 native native JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 145 29 speakers speaker NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 145 30 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 145 31 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 145 32 plays play VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 145 33 no no DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 145 34 part part NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 145 35 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 145 36 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1664 145 37 decision decision NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 145 38 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1664 145 39 use use VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 145 40 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 145 41 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 146 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 146 2 87 87 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 146 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 146 4 Non non JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 146 5 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 146 6 native native JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 146 7 varieties variety NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 146 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 146 9 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 146 10 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1664 146 11 widely widely RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 146 12 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 146 13 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 146 14 international international JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 146 15 communication communication NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 146 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 146 17 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 146 18 speakers speaker NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 146 19 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 146 20 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 146 21 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 146 22 variety variety NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 146 23 often often RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 146 24 encounter encounter VBP en-wikipedia-org-1664 146 25 features feature NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 146 26 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 146 27 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 146 28 varieties variety NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 146 29 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 147 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 147 2 88 88 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 147 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 147 4 Very very RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 147 5 often often RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 147 6 today today NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 147 7 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 147 8 conversation conversation NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 147 9 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 147 10 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 147 11 anywhere anywhere RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 147 12 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 147 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 147 14 world world NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 147 15 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-1664 147 16 include include VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 147 17 no no DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 147 18 native native JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 147 19 speakers speaker NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 147 20 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 147 21 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 147 22 at at RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 147 23 all all RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 147 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 147 25 even even RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 147 26 while while IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 147 27 including include VBG en-wikipedia-org-1664 147 28 speakers speaker NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 147 29 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 147 30 several several JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 147 31 different different JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 147 32 countries country NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 147 33 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 148 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 148 2 89 89 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 148 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 148 4 Pluricentric Pluricentric NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 148 5 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 148 6 Pie Pie NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 148 7 chart chart NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 148 8 showing show VBG en-wikipedia-org-1664 148 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 148 10 percentage percentage NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 148 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 148 12 native native JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 148 13 English english JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 148 14 speakers speaker NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 148 15 living live VBG en-wikipedia-org-1664 148 16 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 148 17 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1664 148 18 inner inner JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 148 19 circle circle NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 148 20 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1664 148 21 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 148 22 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 148 23 speaking speak VBG en-wikipedia-org-1664 148 24 countries country NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 148 25 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 149 1 Native native JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 149 2 speakers speaker NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 149 3 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1664 149 4 now now RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 149 5 substantially substantially RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 149 6 outnumbered outnumber VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 149 7 worldwide worldwide RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 149 8 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 149 9 second second JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 149 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 149 11 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 149 12 speakers speaker NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 149 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 149 14 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 149 15 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 149 16 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 149 17 counted count VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 149 18 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 149 19 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 149 20 chart chart NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 149 21 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 149 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 150 1 US US NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 150 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 150 3 64.3 64.3 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 150 4 % % NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 150 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 150 6       _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 150 7 UK UK NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 150 8 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 150 9 16.7 16.7 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 150 10 % % NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 150 11 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 150 12       _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 150 13 Canada Canada NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 150 14 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 150 15 5.3 5.3 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 150 16 % % NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 150 17 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 150 18       _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 150 19 Australia Australia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 150 20 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 150 21 4.7 4.7 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 150 22 % % NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 150 23 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 150 24       _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 150 25 South South NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 150 26 Africa Africa NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 150 27 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 150 28 1.3 1.3 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 150 29 % % NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 150 30 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 150 31       _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 150 32 Ireland Ireland NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 150 33 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 150 34 1.1 1.1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 150 35 % % NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 150 36 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 150 37       _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 150 38 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 150 39 Zealand Zealand NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 150 40 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 150 41 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 150 42 % % NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 150 43 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 150 44       _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 150 45 Other Other NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 150 46 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 150 47 5.6 5.6 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 150 48 % % NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 150 49 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 150 50 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 150 51 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 150 52 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 150 53 pluricentric pluricentric JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 150 54 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 150 55 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 150 56 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1664 150 57 means mean VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 150 58 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 150 59 no no DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 150 60 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 150 61 national national JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 150 62 authority authority NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 150 63 sets set VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 150 64 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 150 65 standard standard NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 150 66 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 150 67 use use NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 150 68 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 150 69 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 150 70 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 150 71 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 151 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 151 2 90][91][92][93 90][91][92][93 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 151 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 151 4 But but CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 151 5 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 151 6 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 151 7 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 151 8 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 151 9 divided divided JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 151 10 language,[94 language,[94 : en-wikipedia-org-1664 151 11 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 151 12 despite despite IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 151 13 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 151 14 long long RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 151 15 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 151 16 standing stand VBG en-wikipedia-org-1664 151 17 joke joke NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 151 18 originally originally RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 151 19 attributed attribute VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 151 20 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 151 21 George George NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 151 22 Bernard Bernard NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 151 23 Shaw Shaw NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 151 24 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 151 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 151 26 United United NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 151 27 Kingdom Kingdom NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 151 28 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 151 29 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 151 30 United United NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 151 31 States States NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 151 32 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1664 151 33 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1664 151 34 two two CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 151 35 countries country NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 151 36 separated separate VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 151 37 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 151 38 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 151 39 common common JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 151 40 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 151 41 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1664 151 42 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 152 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 152 2 95 95 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 152 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 152 4 Spoken Spoken NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 152 5 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 152 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 152 7 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 152 8 example example NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 152 9 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 152 10 used use VBD en-wikipedia-org-1664 152 11 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 152 12 broadcasting broadcasting NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 152 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 152 14 generally generally RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 152 15 follows follow VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 152 16 national national JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 152 17 pronunciation pronunciation NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 152 18 standards standard NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 152 19 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-1664 152 20 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1664 152 21 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 152 22 established establish VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 152 23 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 152 24 custom custom NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 152 25 rather rather RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 152 26 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 152 27 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 152 28 regulation regulation NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 152 29 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 153 1 International international JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 153 2 broadcasters broadcaster NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 153 3 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1664 153 4 usually usually RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 153 5 identifiable identifiable JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 153 6 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 153 7 coming come VBG en-wikipedia-org-1664 153 8 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 153 9 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 153 10 country country NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 153 11 rather rather RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 153 12 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 153 13 another another DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 153 14 through through IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 153 15 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1664 153 16 accents,[96 accents,[96 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 153 17 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 153 18 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 153 19 newsreader newsreader NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 153 20 scripts script NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 153 21 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1664 153 22 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 153 23 composed compose VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 153 24 largely largely RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 153 25 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 153 26 international international JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 153 27 standard standard JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 153 28 written write VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 153 29 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 153 30 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 154 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 154 2 norms norm NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 154 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 154 4 standard standard JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 154 5 written write VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 154 6 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 154 7 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1664 154 8 maintained maintain VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 154 9 purely purely RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 154 10 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 154 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 154 12 consensus consensus NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 154 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 154 14 educated educate VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 154 15 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 154 16 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 154 17 speakers speaker NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 154 18 around around IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 154 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 154 20 world world NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 154 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 154 22 without without IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 154 23 any any DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 154 24 oversight oversight NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 154 25 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 154 26 any any DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 154 27 government government NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 154 28 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 154 29 international international JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 154 30 organisation organisation NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 154 31 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 155 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 155 2 97 97 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 155 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 155 4 American american JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 155 5 listeners listener NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 155 6 generally generally RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 155 7 readily readily RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 155 8 understand understand VBP en-wikipedia-org-1664 155 9 most most JJS en-wikipedia-org-1664 155 10 British british JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 155 11 broadcasting broadcasting NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 155 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 155 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 155 14 British british JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 155 15 listeners listener NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 155 16 readily readily RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 155 17 understand understand VBP en-wikipedia-org-1664 155 18 most most JJS en-wikipedia-org-1664 155 19 American american JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 155 20 broadcasting broadcasting NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 155 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 156 1 Most Most JJS en-wikipedia-org-1664 156 2 English english JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 156 3 speakers speaker NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 156 4 around around IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 156 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 156 6 world world NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 156 7 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-1664 156 8 understand understand VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 156 9 radio radio NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 156 10 programmes programme NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 156 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 156 12 television television NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 156 13 programmes programme NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 156 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 156 15 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 156 16 films film NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 156 17 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 156 18 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 156 19 parts part NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 156 20 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 156 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 156 22 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 156 23 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 156 24 speaking speak VBG en-wikipedia-org-1664 156 25 world world NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 156 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 157 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 157 2 98 98 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 157 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 157 4 Both both CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 157 5 standard standard JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 157 6 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 157 7 non non JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 157 8 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 157 9 standard standard JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 157 10 varieties variety NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 157 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 157 12 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 157 13 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-1664 157 14 include include VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 157 15 both both DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 157 16 formal formal JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 157 17 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 157 18 informal informal JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 157 19 styles style NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 157 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 157 21 distinguished distinguish VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 157 22 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 157 23 word word NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 157 24 choice choice NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 157 25 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 157 26 syntax syntax NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 157 27 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 157 28 use use VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 157 29 both both CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 157 30 technical technical JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 157 31 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 157 32 non non JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 157 33 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 157 34 technical technical JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 157 35 registers register NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 157 36 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 158 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 158 2 99 99 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 158 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 158 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 158 5 settlement settlement NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 158 6 history history NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 158 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 158 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 158 9 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 158 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 158 11 speaking speak VBG en-wikipedia-org-1664 158 12 inner inner JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 158 13 circle circle NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 158 14 countries country NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 158 15 outside outside IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 158 16 Britain Britain NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 158 17 helped help VBD en-wikipedia-org-1664 158 18 level level NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 158 19 dialect dialect VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 158 20 distinctions distinction NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 158 21 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 158 22 produce produce VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 158 23 koineised koineised JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 158 24 forms form NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 158 25 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 158 26 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 158 27 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 158 28 South South NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 158 29 Africa Africa NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 158 30 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 158 31 Australia Australia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 158 32 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 158 33 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 158 34 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 158 35 Zealand Zealand NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 158 36 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 159 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 159 2 100 100 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 159 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 159 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 159 5 majority majority NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 159 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 159 7 immigrants immigrant NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 159 8 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 159 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 159 10 United United NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 159 11 States States NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 159 12 without without IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 159 13 British british JJ 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English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 160 16 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 160 17 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 160 18 given give VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 160 19 official official JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 160 20 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 160 21 co co JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 160 22 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 160 23 official official JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 160 24 status status NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 160 25 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 160 26 30 30 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 160 27 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 160 28 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 160 29 50 50 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 160 30 state state NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 160 31 governments government NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 160 32 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 160 33 as as RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 160 34 well well RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 160 35 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 160 36 all all DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 160 37 five five CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 160 38 territorial territorial JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 160 39 governments government NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 160 40 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 160 41 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 160 42 US US NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 160 43 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 160 44 though though IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 160 45 there there EX en-wikipedia-org-1664 160 46 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 160 47 never never RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 160 48 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 160 49 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 160 50 official official JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 160 51 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 160 52 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 160 53 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 160 54 federal federal JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 160 55 level level NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 160 56 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 161 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 161 2 102][103 102][103 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 161 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 161 4 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 161 5 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 161 6 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 161 7 global global JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 161 8 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 161 9 Main main JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 161 10 article article NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 161 11 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1664 161 12 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 161 13 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 161 14 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 161 15 lingua lingua JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 161 16 franca franca NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 161 17 See see VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 161 18 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 161 19 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1664 161 20 Foreign foreign JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 161 21 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 161 22 influences influence NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 161 23 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 161 24 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 161 25 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 161 26 Study Study NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 161 27 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 161 28 global global JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 161 29 communication communication NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 161 30 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 161 31 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 161 32 ceased cease VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 161 33 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1664 161 34 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 161 35 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 161 36 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1664 161 37 English english JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 161 38 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 161 39 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1664 161 40 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 161 41 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 161 42 sense sense NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 161 43 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 161 44 belonging belong VBG en-wikipedia-org-1664 161 45 only only RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 161 46 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 161 47 people people NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 161 48 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-1664 161 49 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1664 161 50 ethnically ethnically RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 161 51 English english JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 161 52 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 162 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 162 2 104][105 104][105 LS en-wikipedia-org-1664 162 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 162 4 Use Use NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 162 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 162 6 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 162 7 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 162 8 growing grow VBG en-wikipedia-org-1664 162 9 country country NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 162 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 162 11 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 162 12 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 162 13 country country NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 162 14 internally internally RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 162 15 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 162 16 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 162 17 international international JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 162 18 communication communication NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 162 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 163 1 Most Most JJS en-wikipedia-org-1664 163 2 people people NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 163 3 learn learn VBP en-wikipedia-org-1664 163 4 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 163 5 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 163 6 practical practical JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 163 7 rather rather RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 163 8 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 163 9 ideological ideological JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 163 10 reasons reason NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 163 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 164 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 164 2 106 106 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 164 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 164 4 Many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 164 5 speakers speaker NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 164 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 164 7 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 164 8 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 164 9 Africa Africa NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 164 10 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-1664 164 11 become become VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 164 12 part part NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 164 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 164 14 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 164 15 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1664 164 16 Afro Afro NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 164 17 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 164 18 Saxon saxon NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 164 19 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1664 164 20 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 164 21 community community NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 164 22 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-1664 164 23 unites unite VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 164 24 Africans Africans NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1664 164 25 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 164 26 different different JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 164 27 countries country NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 164 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 165 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 165 2 107 107 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 165 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 165 4 As as IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 165 5 decolonisation decolonisation NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 165 6 proceeded proceed VBD en-wikipedia-org-1664 165 7 throughout throughout IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 165 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 165 9 British British NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 165 10 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 165 11 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 165 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 165 13 1950s 1950 NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 165 14 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 165 15 1960s 1960 NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 165 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 165 17 former former JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 165 18 colonies colony NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 165 19 often often RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 165 20 did do VBD en-wikipedia-org-1664 165 21 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 165 22 reject reject VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 165 23 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 165 24 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 165 25 rather rather RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 165 26 continued continue VBD en-wikipedia-org-1664 165 27 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1664 165 28 use use VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 165 29 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1664 165 30 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 165 31 independent independent JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 165 32 countries country NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 165 33 setting set VBG en-wikipedia-org-1664 165 34 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1664 165 35 own own JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 165 36 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 165 37 policies policy NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 165 38 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 166 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 166 2 53][54][108 53][54][108 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 166 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 166 4 For for IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 166 5 example example NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 166 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 166 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 166 8 view view NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 166 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 166 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 166 11 English english JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 166 12 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 166 13 among among IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 166 14 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 166 15 Indians Indians NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1664 166 16 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 166 17 gone go VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 166 18 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 166 19 associating associate VBG en-wikipedia-org-1664 166 20 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1664 166 21 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 166 22 colonialism colonialism NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 166 23 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 166 24 associating associate VBG en-wikipedia-org-1664 166 25 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1664 166 26 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 166 27 economic economic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 166 28 progress progress NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 166 29 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 166 30 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 166 31 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 166 32 continues continue VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 166 33 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1664 166 34 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 166 35 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 166 36 official official JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 166 37 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 166 38 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 166 39 India India NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 166 40 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 167 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 167 2 109 109 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 167 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 167 4 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 167 5 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 167 6 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 167 7 widely widely RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 167 8 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 167 9 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 167 10 media medium NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 167 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 167 12 literature literature NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 167 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 167 14 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 167 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 167 16 number number NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 167 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 167 18 English english JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 167 19 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 167 20 books book NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 167 21 published publish VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 167 22 annually annually RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 167 23 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 167 24 India India NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 167 25 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 167 26 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 167 27 third third RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 167 28 largest large JJS en-wikipedia-org-1664 167 29 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 167 30 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 167 31 world world NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 167 32 after after IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 167 33 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 167 34 US US NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 167 35 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 167 36 UK UK NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 167 37 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 168 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 168 2 110 110 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 168 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 168 4 However however RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 168 5 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 168 6 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 168 7 rarely rarely RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 168 8 spoken speak VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 168 9 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 168 10 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 168 11 first first JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 168 12 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 168 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 168 14 numbering number VBG en-wikipedia-org-1664 168 15 only only RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 168 16 around around IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 168 17 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 168 18 couple couple JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 168 19 hundred hundred CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 168 20 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 168 21 thousand thousand CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 168 22 people people NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 168 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 168 24 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 168 25 less less JJR en-wikipedia-org-1664 168 26 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 168 27 5 5 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 168 28 % % NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 168 29 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 168 30 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 168 31 population population NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 168 32 speak speak VBP en-wikipedia-org-1664 168 33 fluent fluent JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 168 34 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 168 35 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 168 36 India India NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 168 37 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 169 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 169 2 111][112 111][112 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 169 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 169 4 David David NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 169 5 Crystal Crystal NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 169 6 claimed claim VBD en-wikipedia-org-1664 169 7 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 169 8 2004 2004 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 169 9 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 169 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 169 11 combining combine VBG en-wikipedia-org-1664 169 12 native native JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 169 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 169 14 non non JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 169 15 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 169 16 native native JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 169 17 speakers speaker NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 169 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 169 19 India India NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 169 20 now now RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 169 21 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 169 22 more more JJR en-wikipedia-org-1664 169 23 people people NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 169 24 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-1664 169 25 speak speak VBP en-wikipedia-org-1664 169 26 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 169 27 understand understand VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 169 28 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 169 29 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 169 30 any any DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 169 31 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 169 32 country country NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 169 33 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 169 34 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 169 35 world,[113 world,[113 NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 169 36 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 169 37 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 169 38 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 169 39 number number NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 169 40 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 169 41 English english JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 169 42 speakers speaker NNS 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. en-wikipedia-org-1664 170 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 170 2 114 114 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 170 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 170 4 Modern Modern NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 170 5 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 170 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 170 7 sometimes sometimes RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 170 8 described describe VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 170 9 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 170 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 170 11 first first JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 170 12 global global JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 170 13 lingua lingua NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 170 14 franca,[56][115 franca,[56][115 NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 170 15 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 170 16 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 170 17 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 170 18 regarded regard VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 170 19 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 170 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 170 21 first first JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 170 22 world world NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 170 23 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 170 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 171 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 171 2 116][117 116][117 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 171 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 171 4 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 171 5 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 171 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 171 7 world world NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 171 8 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-1664 171 9 most most RBS en-wikipedia-org-1664 171 10 widely widely RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 171 11 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 171 12 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 171 13 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 171 14 newspaper newspaper NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 171 15 publishing publishing NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 171 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 171 17 book book NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 171 18 publishing publishing NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 171 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 171 20 international international JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 171 21 telecommunications telecommunication NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 171 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 171 23 scientific scientific JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 171 24 publishing publishing NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 171 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 171 26 international international JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 171 27 trade trade NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 171 28 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 171 29 mass mass NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 171 30 entertainment entertainment NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 171 31 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 171 32 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 171 33 diplomacy diplomacy NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 171 34 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 172 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 172 2 117 117 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 172 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 172 4 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 172 5 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 172 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 172 7 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 172 8 international international JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 172 9 treaty treaty NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 172 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 172 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 172 12 basis basis NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 172 13 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 172 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 172 15 required require VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 172 16 controlled control VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 172 17 natural natural JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 172 18 languages[118 languages[118 . en-wikipedia-org-1664 172 19 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 172 20 Seaspeak Seaspeak NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 172 21 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 172 22 Airspeak Airspeak NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 172 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 172 24 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 172 25 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 172 26 international international JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 172 27 languages language NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 172 28 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 172 29 seafaring[119 seafaring[119 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 172 30 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 172 31 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 172 32 aviation aviation NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 172 33 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 173 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 173 2 120 120 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 173 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 173 4 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 173 5 used use VBD en-wikipedia-org-1664 173 6 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1664 173 7 have have VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 173 8 parity parity NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 173 9 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 173 10 French french JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 173 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 173 12 German german JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 173 13 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 173 14 scientific scientific JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 173 15 research research NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 173 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 173 17 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 173 18 now now RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 173 19 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1664 173 20 dominates dominate VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 173 21 that that DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 173 22 field field NN 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175 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 175 2 122 122 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 175 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 175 4 By by IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 175 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 175 6 time time NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 175 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 175 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 175 9 foundation foundation NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 175 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 175 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 175 12 United United NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 175 13 Nations Nations NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 175 14 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 175 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 175 16 end end NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 175 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 175 18 World World NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 175 19 War War NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 175 20 II II NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 175 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 175 22 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 175 23 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-1664 175 24 become become VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 175 25 pre pre VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 175 26 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 175 27 eminent[123 eminent[123 JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 175 28 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 175 29 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 175 30 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 175 31 now now RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 175 32 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 175 33 main main JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 175 34 worldwide worldwide JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 175 35 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 175 36 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 175 37 diplomacy diplomacy NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 175 38 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 175 39 international international JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 175 40 relations relation NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 175 41 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 176 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 176 2 124 124 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 176 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 176 4 It -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1664 176 5 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 176 6 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 176 7 of of IN 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NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 177 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 177 16 specify specify VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 177 17 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 177 18 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 177 19 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 177 20 working work VBG en-wikipedia-org-1664 177 21 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 177 22 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 177 23 official official JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 177 24 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 177 25 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 177 26 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 177 27 organisation organisation NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 177 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 178 1 Many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 178 2 regional regional JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 178 3 international international JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 178 4 organisations organisation NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 178 5 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 178 6 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 178 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 178 8 European European NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 178 9 Free Free NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 178 10 Trade Trade NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 178 11 Association Association NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 178 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 178 13 Association Association NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 178 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 178 15 Southeast Southeast NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 178 16 Asian Asian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 178 17 Nations Nations NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1664 178 18 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 178 19 ASEAN),[57 ASEAN),[57 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 178 20 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 178 21 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 178 22 Asia Asia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 178 23 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 178 24 Pacific Pacific NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 178 25 Economic Economic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 178 26 Cooperation Cooperation NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 178 27 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 178 28 APEC APEC NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 178 29 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 178 30 set set VBD en-wikipedia-org-1664 178 31 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 178 32 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 178 33 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1664 178 34 organisation organisation NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 178 35 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-1664 178 36 sole sole JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 178 37 working working NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 178 38 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 178 39 even even RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 178 40 though though IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 178 41 most most JJS en-wikipedia-org-1664 178 42 members member NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 178 43 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1664 178 44 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 178 45 countries country NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 178 46 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 178 47 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 178 48 majority majority NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 178 49 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 178 50 native native JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 178 51 English english JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 178 52 speakers speaker NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 178 53 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 179 1 While while IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 179 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 179 3 European European NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 179 4 Union Union NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 179 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 179 6 EU EU NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 179 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 179 8 allows allow VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 179 9 member member NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 179 10 states state NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 179 11 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1664 179 12 designate designate VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 179 13 any any DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 179 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 179 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 179 16 national national JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 179 17 languages language NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 179 18 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 179 19 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 179 20 official official JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 179 21 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 179 22 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 179 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 179 24 Union Union NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 179 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 179 26 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 179 27 practice practice NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 179 28 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 179 29 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 179 30 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 179 31 main main JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 179 32 working working NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 179 33 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 179 34 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 179 35 EU EU NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 179 36 organisations organisation NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 179 37 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 180 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 180 2 126 126 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 180 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 180 4 Although although IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 180 5 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 180 6 most most JJS en-wikipedia-org-1664 180 7 countries country NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 180 8 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 180 9 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 180 10 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 180 11 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 180 12 official official JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 180 13 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 180 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 180 15 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1664 180 16 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 180 17 currently currently RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 180 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 180 19 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 180 20 most most RBS en-wikipedia-org-1664 180 21 often often RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 180 22 taught teach VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 180 23 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 180 24 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 180 25 foreign foreign JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 180 26 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 180 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 181 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 181 2 56][57 56][57 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 181 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 181 4 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 181 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 181 6 countries country NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 181 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 181 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 181 9 EU EU NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 181 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 181 11 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 181 12 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 181 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 181 14 most most RBS en-wikipedia-org-1664 181 15 widely widely RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 181 16 spoken speak VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 181 17 foreign foreign JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 181 18 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 181 19 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 181 20 nineteen nineteen CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 181 21 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 181 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 181 23 twenty twenty CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 181 24 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 181 25 five five CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 181 26 member member NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 181 27 states state NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 181 28 where where WRB en-wikipedia-org-1664 181 29 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1664 181 30 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 181 31 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 181 32 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 181 33 official official JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 181 34 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 181 35 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 181 36 that that RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 181 37 is is RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 181 38 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 181 39 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 181 40 countries country NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 181 41 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 181 42 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 181 43 Ireland Ireland NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 181 44 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 181 45 Malta Malta NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 181 46 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 181 47 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 182 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 182 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 182 3 2012 2012 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 182 4 official official JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 182 5 Eurobarometer Eurobarometer NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 182 6 poll poll NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 182 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 182 8 conducted conduct VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 182 9 when when WRB en-wikipedia-org-1664 182 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 182 11 UK UK NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 182 12 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1664 182 13 still still RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 182 14 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 182 15 member member NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 182 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 182 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 182 18 EU EU NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 182 19 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 182 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 182 21 38 38 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 182 22 percent percent NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 182 23 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 182 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 182 25 EU EU NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 182 26 respondents respondent NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 182 27 outside outside IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 182 28 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 182 29 countries country NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 182 30 where where WRB en-wikipedia-org-1664 182 31 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 182 32 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 182 33 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 182 34 official official JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 182 35 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 182 36 said say VBD en-wikipedia-org-1664 182 37 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1664 182 38 could could MD en-wikipedia-org-1664 182 39 speak speak VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 182 40 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 182 41 well well RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 182 42 enough enough JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 182 43 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1664 182 44 have have VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 182 45 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 182 46 conversation conversation NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 182 47 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 182 48 that that DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 182 49 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 182 50 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 183 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 183 2 next next JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 183 3 most most RBS en-wikipedia-org-1664 183 4 commonly commonly RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 183 5 mentioned mention VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 183 6 foreign foreign JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 183 7 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 183 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 183 9 French French NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 183 10 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 183 11 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1664 183 12 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 183 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 183 14 most most RBS en-wikipedia-org-1664 183 15 widely widely RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 183 16 known know VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 183 17 foreign foreign JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 183 18 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 183 19 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 183 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 183 21 UK UK NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 183 22 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 183 23 Ireland Ireland NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 183 24 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 183 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 183 26 could could MD en-wikipedia-org-1664 183 27 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 183 28 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 183 29 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 183 30 conversation conversation NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 183 31 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 183 32 12 12 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 183 33 percent percent NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 183 34 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 183 35 respondents respondent NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 183 36 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 184 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 184 2 127 127 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 184 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 184 4 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 184 5 working work VBG en-wikipedia-org-1664 184 6 knowledge knowledge NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 184 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 184 8 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 184 9 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 184 10 become become VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 184 11 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 184 12 requirement requirement NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 184 13 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 184 14 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 184 15 number number NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 184 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 184 17 occupations occupation NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 184 18 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 184 19 professions profession NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 184 20 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 184 21 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 184 22 medicine[128 medicine[128 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 184 23 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 184 24 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 184 25 computing compute VBG en-wikipedia-org-1664 184 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 185 1 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 185 2 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 185 3 become become VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 185 4 so so RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 185 5 important important JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 185 6 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 185 7 scientific scientific JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 185 8 publishing publishing NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 185 9 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 185 10 more more JJR en-wikipedia-org-1664 185 11 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 185 12 80 80 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 185 13 percent percent NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 185 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 185 15 all all DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 185 16 scientific scientific JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 185 17 journal journal NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 185 18 articles article NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 185 19 indexed index VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 185 20 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 185 21 Chemical Chemical NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 185 22 Abstracts Abstracts NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1664 185 23 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 185 24 1998 1998 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 185 25 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1664 185 26 written write VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 185 27 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 185 28 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 185 29 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 185 30 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 185 31 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1664 185 32 90 90 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 185 33 percent percent NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 185 34 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 185 35 all all DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 185 36 articles article NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 185 37 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 185 38 natural natural JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 185 39 science science NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 185 40 publications publication NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 185 41 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 185 42 1996 1996 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 185 43 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 185 44 82 82 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 185 45 percent percent NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 185 46 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 185 47 articles article NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 185 48 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 185 49 humanities humanity NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 185 50 publications publication NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 185 51 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 185 52 1995 1995 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 185 53 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 186 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 186 2 129 129 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 186 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 186 4 International international JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 186 5 communities community NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 186 6 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 186 7 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 186 8 international international JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 186 9 business business NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 186 10 people people NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 186 11 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-1664 186 12 use use VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 186 13 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 186 14 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 186 15 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 186 16 auxiliary auxiliary JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 186 17 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 186 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 186 19 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 186 20 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 186 21 emphasis emphasis NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 186 22 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 186 23 vocabulary vocabulary NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 186 24 suitable suitable JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 186 25 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 186 26 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1664 186 27 domain domain NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 186 28 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 186 29 interest interest NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 186 30 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 187 1 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 187 2 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 187 3 led lead VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 187 4 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 187 5 scholars scholar NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 187 6 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1664 187 7 develop develop VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 187 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 187 9 study study NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 187 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 187 11 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 187 12 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 187 13 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 187 14 auxiliary auxiliary JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 187 15 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 187 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 188 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 188 2 trademarked trademarked JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 188 3 Globish Globish NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 188 4 uses use VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 188 5 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 188 6 relatively relatively RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 188 7 small small JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 188 8 subset subset NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 188 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 188 10 English english JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 188 11 vocabulary vocabulary NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 188 12 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 188 13 about about RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 188 14 1500 1500 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 188 15 words word NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 188 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 188 17 designed design VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 188 18 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1664 188 19 represent represent VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 188 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 188 21 highest high JJS en-wikipedia-org-1664 188 22 use use NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 188 23 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 188 24 international international JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 188 25 business business NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 188 26 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 188 27 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 188 28 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 188 29 combination combination NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 188 30 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 188 31 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 188 32 standard standard JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 188 33 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 188 34 grammar grammar NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 188 35 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 189 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 189 2 130 130 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 189 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 189 4 Other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 189 5 examples example NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 189 6 include include VBP en-wikipedia-org-1664 189 7 Simple Simple NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 189 8 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 189 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 190 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 190 2 increased increased JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 190 3 use use NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 190 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 190 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 190 6 English english JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 190 7 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 190 8 globally globally RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 190 9 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 190 10 had have VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 190 11 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 190 12 effect effect NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 190 13 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 190 14 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 190 15 languages language NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 190 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 190 17 leading lead VBG en-wikipedia-org-1664 190 18 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 190 19 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 190 20 English english JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 190 21 words word NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 190 22 being be VBG en-wikipedia-org-1664 190 23 assimilated assimilate VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 190 24 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 190 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 190 26 vocabularies vocabulary NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 190 27 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 190 28 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 190 29 languages language NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 190 30 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 191 1 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 191 2 influence influence NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 191 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 191 4 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 191 5 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 191 6 led lead VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 191 7 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 191 8 concerns concern NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 191 9 about about IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 191 10 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 191 11 death,[131 death,[131 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 191 12 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 191 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 191 14 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 191 15 claims claim NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 191 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 191 17 linguistic linguistic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 191 18 imperialism,[132 imperialism,[132 NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 191 19 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 191 20 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 191 21 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 191 22 provoked provoke VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 191 23 resistance resistance NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 191 24 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 191 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 191 26 spread spread NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 191 27 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 191 28 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 191 29 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1664 191 30 however however RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 191 31 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 191 32 number number NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 191 33 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 191 34 speakers speaker NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 191 35 continues continue VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 191 36 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1664 191 37 increase increase VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 191 38 because because IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 191 39 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 191 40 people people NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 191 41 around around IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 191 42 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 191 43 world world NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 191 44 think think VBP en-wikipedia-org-1664 191 45 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 191 46 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 191 47 provides provide VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 191 48 them -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1664 191 49 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 191 50 opportunities opportunity NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 191 51 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 191 52 better well JJR en-wikipedia-org-1664 191 53 employment employment NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 191 54 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 191 55 improved improve VBD en-wikipedia-org-1664 191 56 lives life NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 191 57 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 192 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 192 2 133 133 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 192 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 192 4 Although although IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 192 5 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 192 6 scholars[who scholars[who : en-wikipedia-org-1664 192 7 ? ? . en-wikipedia-org-1664 192 8 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 193 1 mention mention VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 193 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 193 3 possibility possibility NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 193 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 193 5 future future JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 193 6 divergence divergence NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 193 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 193 8 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 193 9 dialects dialect NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 193 10 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 193 11 mutually mutually RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 193 12 unintelligible unintelligible JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 193 13 languages language NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 193 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 193 15 most most JJS en-wikipedia-org-1664 193 16 think think VBP en-wikipedia-org-1664 193 17 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 193 18 more more RBR en-wikipedia-org-1664 193 19 likely likely JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 193 20 outcome outcome NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 193 21 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 193 22 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 193 23 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 193 24 will will MD en-wikipedia-org-1664 193 25 continue continue VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 193 26 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1664 193 27 function function VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 193 28 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 193 29 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 193 30 koineised koineised JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 193 31 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 193 32 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 193 33 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1664 193 34 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 193 35 standard standard JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 193 36 form form NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 193 37 unifies unifie NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 193 38 speakers speaker NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 193 39 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 193 40 around around IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 193 41 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 193 42 world world NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 193 43 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 194 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 194 2 134 134 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 194 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 194 4 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 194 5 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 194 6 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 194 7 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 194 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 194 9 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 194 10 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 194 11 wider wide JJR en-wikipedia-org-1664 194 12 communication communication NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 194 13 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 194 14 countries country NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 194 15 around around IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 194 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 194 17 world world NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 194 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 195 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 195 2 135 135 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 195 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 195 4 Thus thus RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 195 5 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 195 6 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 195 7 grown grow VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 195 8 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 195 9 worldwide worldwide JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 195 10 use use NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 195 11 much much RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 195 12 more more JJR en-wikipedia-org-1664 195 13 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 195 14 any any DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 195 15 constructed construct VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 195 16 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 195 17 proposed propose VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 195 18 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 195 19 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 195 20 international international JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 195 21 auxiliary auxiliary JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 195 22 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 195 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 195 24 including include VBG en-wikipedia-org-1664 195 25 Esperanto Esperanto NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 195 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 196 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 196 2 136][137 136][137 LS en-wikipedia-org-1664 196 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 196 4 Phonology phonology NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 196 5 Main Main NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 196 6 article article NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 196 7 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1664 196 8 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 196 9 phonology phonology NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 196 10 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 196 11 phonetics phonetic NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 196 12 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 196 13 phonology phonology NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 196 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 196 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 196 16 English english JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 196 17 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 196 18 differ differ VBP en-wikipedia-org-1664 196 19 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 196 20 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 196 21 dialect dialect NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 196 22 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 196 23 another another DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 196 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 196 25 usually usually RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 196 26 without without IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 196 27 interfering interfere VBG en-wikipedia-org-1664 196 28 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 196 29 mutual mutual JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 196 30 communication communication NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 196 31 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 197 1 Phonological phonological JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 197 2 variation variation NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 197 3 affects affect VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 197 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 197 5 inventory inventory NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 197 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 197 7 phonemes phoneme NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 197 8 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 197 9 i.e. i.e. FW en-wikipedia-org-1664 198 1 speech speech NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 198 2 sounds sound VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 198 3 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-1664 198 4 distinguish distinguish JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 198 5 meaning meaning NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 198 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 198 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 198 8 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 198 9 phonetic phonetic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 198 10 variation variation NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 198 11 consists consist VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 198 12 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 198 13 differences difference NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 198 14 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 198 15 pronunciation pronunciation NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 198 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 198 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 198 18 phonemes phoneme NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 198 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 199 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 199 2 138 138 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 199 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 199 4 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 199 5 overview overview NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 199 6 mainly mainly RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 199 7 describes describe VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 199 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 199 9 standard standard JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 199 10 pronunciations pronunciation NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 199 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 199 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 199 13 United United NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 199 14 Kingdom Kingdom NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 199 15 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 199 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 199 17 United United NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 199 18 States States NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 199 19 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1664 199 20 Received receive VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 199 21 Pronunciation Pronunciation NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 199 22 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 199 23 RP RP NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 199 24 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 199 25 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 199 26 General General NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 199 27 American American NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 199 28 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 199 29 GA GA NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 199 30 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 199 31 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 200 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 200 2 See see UH en-wikipedia-org-1664 200 3 § § -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 200 4   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 200 5 Dialects dialect NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 200 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 200 7 accents accent NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 200 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 200 9 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 200 10 varieties variety NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 200 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 200 12 below below RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 200 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 200 14 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 201 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 201 2 phonetic phonetic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 201 3 symbols symbol NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 201 4 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 201 5 below below RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 201 6 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1664 201 7 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 201 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 201 9 International International NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 201 10 Phonetic Phonetic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 201 11 Alphabet Alphabet NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 201 12 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 201 13 IPA IPA NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 201 14 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 201 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 202 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 202 2 139][140][141 139][140][141 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 202 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 202 4 Consonants Consonants NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 202 5 Main Main NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 202 6 article article NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 202 7 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1664 202 8 English english JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 202 9 phonology phonology NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 202 10 § § -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 202 11   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 202 12 Consonants consonant NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 202 13 Most Most NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 202 14 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 202 15 dialects dialect VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 202 16 share share VBP en-wikipedia-org-1664 202 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 202 18 same same JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 202 19 24 24 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 202 20   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 202 21 consonant consonant JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 202 22 phonemes phoneme NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 202 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 203 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 203 2 consonant consonant JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 203 3 inventory inventory NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 203 4 shown show VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 203 5 below below RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 203 6 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 203 7 valid valid JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 203 8 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 203 9 California California NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 203 10 English,[142 English,[142 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 203 11 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 203 12 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 203 13 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 203 14 RP RP NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 203 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 204 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 204 2 143 143 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 204 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 204 4 Consonant Consonant NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 204 5 phonemes phoneme VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 204 6 Labial Labial NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 204 7 Dental Dental NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 204 8 Alveolar Alveolar NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 204 9 Post- Post- NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 204 10 alveolar alveolar JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 204 11 Palatal Palatal NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 204 12 Velar Velar NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 204 13 Glottal Glottal NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 204 14 Nasal Nasal NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 204 15 m m NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 204 16 n n NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 204 17 ŋ ŋ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 204 18 Stop Stop NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 204 19 p p NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 204 20 b b NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 204 21 t t NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 204 22 d d NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 204 23 k k NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 204 24 ɡ ɡ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 204 25 Affricate Affricate NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 204 26 tʃ tʃ NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 204 27 dʒ dʒ CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 204 28 Fricative Fricative NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 204 29 f f NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 204 30 v v NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 204 31 θ θ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 204 32 ð ð NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 204 33 s s NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 204 34 z z NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 204 35 ʃ ʃ NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 204 36 ʒ ʒ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 204 37 h h NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 204 38 Approximant Approximant NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 204 39 l l NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 204 40 ɹ ɹ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 204 41 * * NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 204 42 j j NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 204 43 w w NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 204 44 * * NFP en-wikipedia-org-1664 204 45 Conventionally conventionally RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 204 46 transcribed transcribe VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 204 47 /r/ /r/ . en-wikipedia-org-1664 204 48 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 204 49 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 204 50 table table NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 204 51 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 204 52 when when WRB en-wikipedia-org-1664 204 53 obstruents obstruent NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 204 54 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 204 55 stops stop NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 204 56 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 204 57 affricates affricate NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 204 58 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 204 59 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 204 60 fricatives fricative NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 204 61 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 204 62 appear appear VBP en-wikipedia-org-1664 204 63 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 204 64 pairs pair NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 204 65 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 204 66 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 204 67 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 204 68 /p /p NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 204 69 b/ b/ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 204 70 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 204 71 /tʃ /tʃ . en-wikipedia-org-1664 204 72 dʒ/ dʒ/ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 204 73 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 204 74 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 204 75 /s /s NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 204 76 z/ z/ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 204 77 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 204 78 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 204 79 first first JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 204 80 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 204 81 fortis fortis NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 204 82 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 204 83 strong strong JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 204 84 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 204 85 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 204 86 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 204 87 second second JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 204 88 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 204 89 lenis lenis NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 204 90 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 204 91 weak weak JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 204 92 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 204 93 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 205 1 Fortis fortis JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 205 2 obstruents obstruent NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 205 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 205 4 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 205 5 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 205 6 /p /p NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 205 7 tʃ tʃ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 205 8 s/ s/ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 205 9 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1664 205 10 pronounced pronounce VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 205 11 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 205 12 more more RBR en-wikipedia-org-1664 205 13 muscular muscular JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 205 14 tension tension NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 205 15 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 205 16 breath breath NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 205 17 force force NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 205 18 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 205 19 lenis lenis NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 205 20 consonants consonant NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 205 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 205 22 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 205 23 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 205 24 /b /b NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 205 25 dʒ dʒ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 205 26 z/ z/ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 205 27 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 205 28 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 205 29 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1664 205 30 always always RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 205 31 voiceless voiceless JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 205 32 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 206 1 Lenis lenis NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 206 2 consonants consonant NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 206 3 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1664 206 4 partly partly RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 206 5 voiced voice VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 206 6 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 206 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 206 8 beginning beginning NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 206 9 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 206 10 end end NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 206 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 206 12 utterances utterance NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 206 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 206 14 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 206 15 fully fully RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 206 16 voiced voice VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 206 17 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 206 18 vowels vowel NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 206 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 207 1 Fortis Fortis NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 207 2 stops stop NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 207 3 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 207 4 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 207 5 /p/ /p/ . en-wikipedia-org-1664 207 6 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-1664 207 7 additional additional JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 207 8 articulatory articulatory NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 207 9 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 207 10 acoustic acoustic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 207 11 features feature NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 207 12 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 207 13 most most JJS en-wikipedia-org-1664 207 14 dialects dialect NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 207 15 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1664 207 16 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1664 207 17 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1664 207 18 aspirated aspirate VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 207 19 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 207 20 pʰ pʰ NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 207 21 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 207 22 when when WRB en-wikipedia-org-1664 207 23 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1664 207 24 occur occur VBP en-wikipedia-org-1664 207 25 alone alone RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 207 26 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 207 27 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 207 28 beginning beginning NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 207 29 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 207 30 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 207 31 stressed stressed JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 207 32 syllable syllable NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 207 33 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 207 34 often often RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 207 35 unaspirated unaspirate VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 207 36 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 207 37 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 207 38 cases case NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 207 39 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 207 40 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 207 41 often often RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 207 42 unreleased unrelease VBD en-wikipedia-org-1664 207 43 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 207 44 p̚ p̚ NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 207 45 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 207 46 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 207 47 pre pre VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 207 48 - - VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 207 49 glottalised glottalised JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 207 50 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 207 51 ʔp ʔp NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 207 52 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 207 53 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 207 54 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 207 55 end end NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 207 56 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 207 57 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 207 58 syllable syllable NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 207 59 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 208 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 208 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 208 3 single single JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 208 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 208 5 syllable syllable NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 208 6 word word NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 208 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 208 8 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 208 9 vowel vowel NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 208 10 before before IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 208 11 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 208 12 fortis fortis JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 208 13 stop stop NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 208 14 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 208 15 shortened shorten VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 208 16 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1664 208 17 thus thus RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 208 18 nip nip NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 208 19 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 208 20 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 208 21 noticeably noticeably RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 208 22 shorter short JJR en-wikipedia-org-1664 208 23 vowel vowel NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 208 24 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 208 25 phonetically phonetically RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 208 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 208 27 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 208 28 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 208 29 phonemically phonemically RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 208 30 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 208 31 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 208 32 nib nib NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 208 33 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 208 34 nɪˑb̥ nɪˑb̥ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 208 35 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 208 36 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 208 37 see see VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 208 38 below below RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 208 39 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 208 40 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 209 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 209 2 144 144 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 209 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 209 4 lenis lenis NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 209 5 stops stop VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 209 6 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1664 209 7 bin bin NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 209 8 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 209 9 b̥ɪˑn b̥ɪˑn NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 209 10 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 209 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 209 12 about about IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 209 13 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 209 14 əˈbaʊt əˈbaʊt NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 209 15 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 209 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 209 17 nib nib NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 209 18 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 209 19 nɪˑb̥ nɪˑb̥ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 209 20 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 209 21 fortis fortis JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 209 22 stops stop VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 209 23 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1664 209 24 pin pin NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 209 25 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 209 26 pʰɪn pʰɪn NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 209 27 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 209 28 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1664 209 29 spin spin NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 209 30 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 209 31 spɪn spɪn NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 209 32 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 209 33 ; ; , en-wikipedia-org-1664 209 34 happy happy JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 209 35 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 209 36 ˈhæpi ˈhæpi NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 209 37 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 209 38 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1664 209 39 nip nip NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 209 40 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 209 41 nɪp̚ nɪp̚ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 209 42 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 209 43 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 209 44 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 209 45 nɪʔp nɪʔp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 209 46 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 209 47 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 209 48 RP RP NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 209 49 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 209 50 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 209 51 lateral lateral JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 209 52 approximant approximant NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 209 53 /l/ /l/ . en-wikipedia-org-1664 209 54 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 209 55 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 209 56 two two CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 209 57 main main JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 209 58 allophones allophone NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 209 59 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 209 60 pronunciation pronunciation NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 209 61 variants variant NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 209 62 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 209 63 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1664 209 64 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 209 65 clear clear JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 209 66 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 209 67 plain plain JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 209 68 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 209 69 l l NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 209 70 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 209 71 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 209 72 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 209 73 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 209 74 light light NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 209 75 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 209 76 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 209 77 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 209 78 dark dark JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 209 79 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 209 80 velarised velarise VBD en-wikipedia-org-1664 209 81 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 209 82 ɫ ɫ NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 209 83 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 209 84 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 209 85 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 209 86 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 209 87 full full JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 209 88 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 210 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 210 2 145 145 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 210 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 210 4 GA GA NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 210 5 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 210 6 dark dark JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 210 7 l l NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 210 8 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 210 9 most most JJS en-wikipedia-org-1664 210 10 cases case NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 210 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 211 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 211 2 146 146 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 211 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 211 4 clear clear JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 211 5 l l NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 211 6 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1664 211 7 RP RP NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 211 8 light light NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 211 9 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 211 10 laɪt laɪt NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 211 11 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 211 12 dark dark JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 211 13 l l NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 211 14 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1664 211 15 RP RP NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 211 16 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 211 17 GA GA NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 211 18 full full JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 211 19 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 211 20 fʊɫ fʊɫ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 211 21 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 211 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 211 23 GA GA NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 211 24 light light NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 211 25 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 211 26 ɫaɪt ɫaɪt NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 211 27 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 211 28 All all DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 211 29 sonorants sonorant NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 211 30 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 211 31 liquids liquid NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 211 32 /l /l NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 211 33 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 211 34 r/ r/ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 211 35 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 211 36 nasals nasal NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 211 37 /m /m NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 211 38 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 211 39 n n NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 211 40 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 211 41 ŋ/ ŋ/ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 211 42 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 211 43 devoice devoice NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 211 44 when when WRB en-wikipedia-org-1664 211 45 following follow VBG en-wikipedia-org-1664 211 46 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 211 47 voiceless voiceless JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 211 48 obstruent obstruent NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 211 49 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 211 50 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 211 51 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1664 211 52 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1664 211 53 syllabic syllabic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 211 54 when when WRB en-wikipedia-org-1664 211 55 following follow VBG en-wikipedia-org-1664 211 56 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 211 57 consonant consonant NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 211 58 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 211 59 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 211 60 end end NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 211 61 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 211 62 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 211 63 word word NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 211 64 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 212 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 212 2 147 147 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 212 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 212 4 voiceless voiceless JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 212 5 sonorants sonorant NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 212 6 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1664 212 7 clay clay NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 212 8 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 212 9 kl̥eɪ̯ kl̥eɪ̯ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 212 10 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 212 11 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1664 212 12 snow snow NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 212 13 RP RP NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 212 14 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 212 15 sn̥əʊ̯ sn̥əʊ̯ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 212 16 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 212 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 212 18 GA GA NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 212 19 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 212 20 sn̥oʊ̯ sn̥oʊ̯ NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 212 21 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 212 22 syllabic syllabic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 212 23 sonorants sonorant NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 212 24 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1664 212 25 paddle paddle NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 212 26 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 212 27 ˈpad.l̩ ˈpad.l̩ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 212 28 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 212 29 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 212 30 button button NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 212 31 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 212 32 ˈbʌt.n̩ ˈbʌt.n̩ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 212 33 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 212 34 Vowels Vowels NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 212 35 Main Main NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 212 36 article article NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 212 37 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1664 212 38 English english JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 212 39 phonology phonology NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 212 40 § § -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 212 41   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 212 42 Vowels Vowels NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 212 43 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 212 44 pronunciation pronunciation NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 212 45 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 212 46 vowels vowel NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 212 47 varies vary VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 212 48 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 212 49 great great JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 212 50 deal deal NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 212 51 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 212 52 dialects dialect NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 212 53 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 212 54 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 212 55 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 212 56 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 212 57 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 212 58 most most RBS en-wikipedia-org-1664 212 59 detectable detectable JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 212 60 aspects aspect NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 212 61 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 212 62 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 212 63 speaker speaker NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 212 64 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-1664 212 65 accent accent NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 212 66 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 213 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 213 2 table table NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 213 3 below below RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 213 4 lists list VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 213 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 213 6 vowel vowel NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 213 7 phonemes phoneme NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 213 8 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 213 9 Received Received NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 213 10 Pronunciation Pronunciation NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 213 11 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 213 12 RP RP NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 213 13 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 213 14 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 213 15 General General NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 213 16 American American NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 213 17 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 213 18 GA GA NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 213 19 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 213 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 213 21 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 213 22 examples example NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 213 23 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 213 24 words word NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 213 25 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 213 26 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1664 213 27 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1664 213 28 occur occur VBP en-wikipedia-org-1664 213 29 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 213 30 lexical lexical JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 213 31 sets set NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 213 32 compiled compile VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 213 33 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 213 34 linguists linguist NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 213 35 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 214 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 214 2 vowels vowel NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 214 3 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1664 214 4 represented represent VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 214 5 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 214 6 symbols symbol NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 214 7 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 214 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 214 9 International International NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 214 10 Phonetic Phonetic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 214 11 Alphabet Alphabet NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 214 12 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1664 214 13 those those DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 214 14 given give VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 214 15 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 214 16 RP RP NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 214 17 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1664 214 18 standard standard JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 214 19 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 214 20 British british JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 214 21 dictionaries dictionary NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 214 22 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 214 23 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 214 24 publications publication NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 214 25 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 215 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 215 2 148 148 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 215 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 215 4 Monophthongs monophthong NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 215 5 RP RP NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 215 6 GA GA NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 215 7 Word Word NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 215 8 iː iː UH en-wikipedia-org-1664 215 9 i i PRP en-wikipedia-org-1664 215 10 need need VBP en-wikipedia-org-1664 215 11 ɪ ɪ DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 215 12 bid bid NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 215 13 e e NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 215 14 ɛ ɛ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 215 15 bed bed NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 215 16 æ æ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 215 17 back back RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 215 18 ɑː ɑː NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 215 19 ɑ ɑ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 215 20 bra bra NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 215 21 ɒ ɒ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 215 22 box box NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 215 23 ɔ ɔ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 215 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 215 25 ɑ ɑ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 215 26 cloth cloth NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 215 27 ɔː ɔː NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 215 28 paw paw NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 215 29 uː uː NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 215 30 u u NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 215 31 food food NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 215 32 ʊ ʊ UH en-wikipedia-org-1664 215 33 good good JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 215 34 ʌ ʌ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 215 35 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 215 36 ɜː ɜː NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 215 37 ɜɹ ɜɹ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 215 38 bird bird NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 215 39 ə ə NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 215 40 comma comma NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 215 41 Closing Closing NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 215 42 diphthongs diphthong NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 215 43 RP RP NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 215 44 GA GA NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 215 45 Word Word NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 215 46 eɪ eɪ IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 215 47 bay bay NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 215 48 əʊ əʊ NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 215 49 oʊ oʊ IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 215 50 road road NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 215 51 aɪ aɪ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 215 52 cry cry NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 215 53 aʊ aʊ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 215 54 cow cow NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 215 55 ɔɪ ɔɪ IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 215 56 boy boy NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 215 57 Centring centre VBG en-wikipedia-org-1664 215 58 diphthongs diphthong NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 215 59 RP RP NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 215 60 GA GA NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 215 61 word word NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 215 62 ɪə ɪə NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 215 63 ɪɹ ɪɹ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 215 64 peer peer NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 215 65 eə eə NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 215 66 ɛɹ ɛɹ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 215 67 pair pair VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 215 68 ʊə ʊə PRP en-wikipedia-org-1664 215 69 ʊɹ ʊɹ RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 215 70 poor poor JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 215 71 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 215 72 RP RP NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 215 73 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 215 74 vowel vowel NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 215 75 length length NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 215 76 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 215 77 phonemic phonemic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 215 78 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1664 215 79 long long JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 215 80 vowels vowel NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 215 81 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1664 215 82 marked mark VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 215 83 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 215 84 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 215 85 triangular triangular JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 215 86 colon colon NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 215 87 ⟨ː⟩ ⟨ː⟩ CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 215 88 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 215 89 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 215 90 table table NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 215 91 above above RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 215 92 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 215 93 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 215 94 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 215 95 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 215 96 vowel vowel NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 215 97 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 215 98 need need NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 215 99 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 215 100 niːd niːd NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 215 101 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 215 102 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 215 103 opposed oppose VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 215 104 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1664 215 105 bid bid VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 215 106 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 215 107 bɪd bɪd NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 215 108 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 215 109 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 216 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 216 2 GA GA NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 216 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 216 4 vowel vowel NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 216 5 length length NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 216 6 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 216 7 non non JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 216 8 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 216 9 distinctive distinctive JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 216 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 217 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 217 2 both both CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 217 3 RP RP NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 217 4 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 217 5 GA GA NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 217 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 217 7 vowels vowel NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 217 8 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1664 217 9 phonetically phonetically RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 217 10 shortened shorten VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 217 11 before before IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 217 12 fortis fortis JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 217 13 consonants consonant NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 217 14 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 217 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 217 16 same same JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 217 17 syllable syllable NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 217 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 217 19 like like UH en-wikipedia-org-1664 217 20 /t /t . en-wikipedia-org-1664 217 21 tʃ tʃ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 217 22 f/ f/ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 217 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 217 24 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 217 25 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 217 26 before before IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 217 27 lenis lenis NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 217 28 consonants consonant NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 217 29 like like IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 217 30 /d /d . en-wikipedia-org-1664 217 31 dʒ dʒ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 217 32 v/ v/ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 217 33 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 217 34 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 217 35 open open JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 217 36 syllables syllable NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 217 37 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1664 217 38 thus thus RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 217 39 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 217 40 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 217 41 vowels vowel NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 217 42 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 217 43 rich rich JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 217 44 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 217 45 rɪtʃ rɪtʃ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 217 46 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 217 47 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 217 48 neat neat JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 217 49 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 217 50 nit nit NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 217 51 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 217 52 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 217 53 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 217 54 safe safe JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 217 55 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 217 56 seɪ̯f seɪ̯f NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 217 57 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 217 58 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1664 217 59 noticeably noticeably RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 217 60 shorter short JJR en-wikipedia-org-1664 217 61 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 217 62 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 217 63 vowels vowel NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 217 64 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 217 65 ridge ridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 217 66 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 217 67 rɪˑdʒ rɪˑdʒ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 217 68 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 217 69 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 217 70 need need VBP en-wikipedia-org-1664 217 71 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 217 72 niˑd niˑd NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 217 73 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 217 74 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 217 75 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 217 76 save save VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 217 77 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 217 78 seˑɪ̯v seˑɪ̯v NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 217 79 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 217 80 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 217 81 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 217 82 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 217 83 vowel vowel NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 217 84 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 217 85 light light JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 217 86 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 217 87 laɪ̯t laɪ̯t NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 217 88 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 217 89 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 217 90 shorter short JJR en-wikipedia-org-1664 217 91 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 217 92 that that DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 217 93 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 217 94 lie lie NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 217 95 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 217 96 laˑɪ̯ laˑɪ̯ NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 217 97 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 217 98 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 218 1 Because because IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 218 2 lenis lenis NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 218 3 consonants consonant NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 218 4 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1664 218 5 frequently frequently RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 218 6 voiceless voiceless JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 218 7 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 218 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 218 9 end end NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 218 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 218 11 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 218 12 syllable syllable NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 218 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 218 14 vowel vowel NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 218 15 length length NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 218 16 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 218 17 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 218 18 important important JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 218 19 cue cue NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 218 20 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 218 21 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 218 22 whether whether IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 218 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 218 24 following following JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 218 25 consonant consonant NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 218 26 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 218 27 lenis lenis NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 218 28 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 218 29 fortis fortis RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 218 30 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 219 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 219 2 149 149 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 219 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 219 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 219 5 vowel vowel NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 219 6 /ə/ /ə/ . en-wikipedia-org-1664 219 7 only only RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 219 8 occurs occur VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 219 9 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 219 10 unstressed unstressed JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 219 11 syllables syllable NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 219 12 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 219 13 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 219 14 more more RBR en-wikipedia-org-1664 219 15 open open JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 219 16 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 219 17 quality quality NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 219 18 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 219 19 stem stem NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 219 20 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 219 21 final final JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 219 22 positions position NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 219 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 220 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 220 2 150][151 150][151 LS en-wikipedia-org-1664 220 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 220 4 Some some DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 220 5 dialects dialect NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 220 6 do do VBP en-wikipedia-org-1664 220 7 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 220 8 contrast contrast VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 220 9 /ɪ/ /ɪ/ . en-wikipedia-org-1664 220 10 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 220 11 /ə/ /ə/ . en-wikipedia-org-1664 220 12 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 220 13 unstressed unstressed JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 220 14 positions position NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 220 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 220 16 so so IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 220 17 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 220 18 rabbit rabbit NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 220 19 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 220 20 abbot abbot NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 220 21 rhyme rhyme NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 220 22 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 220 23 Lenin Lenin NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 220 24 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 220 25 Lennon Lennon NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 220 26 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1664 220 27 homophonous homophonous JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 220 28 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 220 29 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 220 30 dialect dialect NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 220 31 feature feature NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 220 32 called call VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 220 33 weak weak JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 220 34 vowel vowel NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 220 35 merger merger NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 220 36 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 221 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 221 2 152 152 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 221 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 221 4 GA GA NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 221 5 /ɜr/ /ɜr/ . en-wikipedia-org-1664 221 6 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 221 7 /ər/ /ər/ , en-wikipedia-org-1664 221 8 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1664 221 9 realised realise VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 221 10 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 221 11 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 221 12 r r NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 221 13 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 221 14 coloured colour VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 221 15 vowel vowel NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 221 16 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 221 17 ɚ ɚ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 221 18 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 221 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 221 20 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 221 21 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 221 22 further further JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 221 23 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 221 24 ˈfɚðɚ ˈfɚðɚ NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 221 25 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 221 26 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 221 27 phonemically phonemically RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 221 28 /ˈfɜrðər/ /ˈfɜrðər/ JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 221 29 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 221 30 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 221 31 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1664 221 32 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 221 33 RP RP NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 221 34 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 221 35 realised realise VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 221 36 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 221 37 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 221 38 ˈfəːðə ˈfəːðə NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 221 39 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 221 40 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 221 41 phonemically phonemically RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 221 42 /ˈfɜːðə/ /ˈfɜːðə/ . en-wikipedia-org-1664 221 43 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 221 44 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 222 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 222 2 153 153 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 222 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 222 4 Phonotactics Phonotactics NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 222 5 An an DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 222 6 English english JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 222 7 syllable syllable NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 222 8 includes include VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 222 9 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 222 10 syllable syllable JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 222 11 nucleus nucleus NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 222 12 consisting consist VBG en-wikipedia-org-1664 222 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 222 14 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 222 15 vowel vowel NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 222 16 sound sound NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 222 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 223 1 Syllable syllable JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 223 2 onset onset NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 223 3 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 223 4 coda coda NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 223 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 223 6 start start VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 223 7 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 223 8 end end NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 223 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 223 10 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1664 223 11 optional optional JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 223 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 224 1 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 224 2 syllable syllable NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 224 3 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-1664 224 4 start start VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 224 5 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 224 6 up up IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 224 7 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1664 224 8 three three CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 224 9 consonant consonant NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 224 10 sounds sound NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 224 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 224 12 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 224 13 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 224 14 sprint sprint NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 224 15 /sprɪnt/ /sprɪnt/ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 224 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 224 17 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 224 18 end end VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 224 19 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 224 20 up up IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 224 21 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1664 224 22 four four CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 224 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 224 24 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 224 25 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 224 26 texts text NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 224 27 /teksts/. /teksts/. . en-wikipedia-org-1664 225 1 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 225 2 gives give VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 225 3 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 225 4 English english JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 225 5 syllable syllable NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 225 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 225 7 following following JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 225 8 structure structure NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 225 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 225 10 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 225 11 CCC)V(CCCC CCC)V(CCCC NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 225 12 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 225 13 where where WRB en-wikipedia-org-1664 225 14 C C NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 225 15 represents represent VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 225 16 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 225 17 consonant consonant NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 225 18 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 225 19 V V NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 225 20 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 225 21 vowel vowel NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 225 22 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1664 225 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 225 24 word word NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 225 25 strengths strength NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 225 26 /strɛŋkθs/ /strɛŋkθs/ NFP en-wikipedia-org-1664 225 27 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 225 28 thus thus RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 225 29 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 225 30 example example NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 225 31 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 225 32 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 225 33 most most RBS en-wikipedia-org-1664 225 34 complex complex JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 225 35 syllable syllable NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 225 36 possible possible JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 225 37 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 225 38 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 225 39 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 226 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 226 2 consonants consonant NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 226 3 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-1664 226 4 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-1664 226 5 appear appear VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 226 6 together together RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 226 7 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 226 8 onsets onset NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 226 9 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 226 10 codas coda NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 226 11 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1664 226 12 restricted restrict VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 226 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 226 14 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 226 15 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 226 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 226 17 order order NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 226 18 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 226 19 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1664 226 20 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1664 226 21 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-1664 226 22 appear appear VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 226 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 227 1 Onsets onset NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 227 2 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-1664 227 3 only only RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 227 4 have have VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 227 5 four four CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 227 6 types type NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 227 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 227 8 consonant consonant NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 227 9 clusters cluster NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 227 10 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1664 227 11 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 227 12 stop stop NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 227 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 227 14 approximant approximant JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 227 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 227 16 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 227 17 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 227 18 play play NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 227 19 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1664 227 20 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 227 21 voiceless voiceless JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 227 22 fricative fricative JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 227 23 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 227 24 approximant approximant JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 227 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 227 26 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 227 27 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 227 28 fly fly NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 227 29 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 227 30 sly sly RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 227 31 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1664 227 32 s s LS en-wikipedia-org-1664 227 33 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 227 34 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 227 35 voiceless voiceless JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 227 36 stop stop NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 227 37 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 227 38 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 227 39 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 227 40 stay stay NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 227 41 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1664 227 42 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 227 43 s s NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 227 44 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 227 45 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 227 46 voiceless voiceless JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 227 47 stop stop NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 227 48 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 227 49 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 227 50 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 227 51 approximant approximant NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 227 52 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 227 53 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 227 54 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 227 55 string string NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 227 56 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 228 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 228 2 154 154 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 228 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 228 4 Clusters cluster NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 228 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 228 6 nasal nasal NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 228 7 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 228 8 stop stop VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 228 9 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1664 228 10 only only RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 228 11 allowed allow VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 228 12 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 228 13 codas coda NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 228 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 229 1 Clusters cluster NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 229 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 229 3 obstruents obstruent NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 229 4 always always RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 229 5 agree agree VBP en-wikipedia-org-1664 229 6 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 229 7 voicing voice VBG en-wikipedia-org-1664 229 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 229 9 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 229 10 clusters cluster NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 229 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 229 12 sibilants sibilant NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 229 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 229 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 229 15 plosives plosive NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 229 16 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 229 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 229 18 same same JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 229 19 point point NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 229 20 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 229 21 articulation articulation NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 229 22 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1664 229 23 prohibited prohibit VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 229 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 230 1 Furthermore furthermore RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 230 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 230 3 several several JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 230 4 consonants consonant NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 230 5 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-1664 230 6 limited limit VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 230 7 distributions distribution NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 230 8 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1664 230 9 /h/ /h/ . en-wikipedia-org-1664 230 10 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-1664 230 11 only only RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 230 12 occur occur VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 230 13 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 230 14 syllable syllable NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 230 15 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 230 16 initial initial JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 230 17 position position NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 230 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 230 19 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 230 20 /ŋ/ /ŋ/ . en-wikipedia-org-1664 230 21 only only RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 230 22 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 230 23 syllable syllable NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 230 24 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 230 25 final final JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 230 26 position position NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 230 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 231 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 231 2 155 155 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 231 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 231 4 Stress stress NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 231 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 231 6 rhythm rhythm NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 231 7 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 231 8 intonation intonation NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 231 9 See see VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 231 10 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 231 11 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1664 231 12 Stress stress NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 231 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 231 14 vowel vowel NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 231 15 reduction reduction NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 231 16 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 231 17 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 231 18 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 231 19 Intonation Intonation NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 231 20 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 231 21 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 231 22 Stress Stress NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 231 23 plays play VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 231 24 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 231 25 important important JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 231 26 role role NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 231 27 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 231 28 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 231 29 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 232 1 Certain certain JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 232 2 syllables syllable NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 232 3 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1664 232 4 stressed stress VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 232 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 232 6 while while IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 232 7 others other NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 232 8 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1664 232 9 unstressed unstressed JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 232 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 233 1 Stress stress NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 233 2 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 233 3 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 233 4 combination combination NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 233 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 233 6 duration duration NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 233 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 233 8 intensity intensity NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 233 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 233 10 vowel vowel NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 233 11 quality quality NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 233 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 233 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 233 14 sometimes sometimes RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 233 15 changes change VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 233 16 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 233 17 pitch pitch NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 233 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 234 1 Stressed stressed JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 234 2 syllables syllable NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 234 3 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1664 234 4 pronounced pronounce VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 234 5 longer long RBR en-wikipedia-org-1664 234 6 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 234 7 louder louder RBR en-wikipedia-org-1664 234 8 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 234 9 unstressed unstressed JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 234 10 syllables syllable NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 234 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 234 12 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 234 13 vowels vowel NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 234 14 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 234 15 unstressed unstressed JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 234 16 syllables syllable NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 234 17 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1664 234 18 frequently frequently RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 234 19 reduced reduce VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 234 20 while while IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 234 21 vowels vowel NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 234 22 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 234 23 stressed stressed JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 234 24 syllables syllable NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 234 25 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1664 234 26 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 234 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 235 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 235 2 156 156 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 235 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 235 4 Some some DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 235 5 words word NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 235 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 235 7 primarily primarily RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 235 8 short short JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 235 9 function function NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 235 10 words word NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 235 11 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 235 12 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 235 13 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 235 14 modal modal NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 235 15 verbs verb NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 235 16 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 235 17 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 235 18 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-1664 235 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 235 20 have have VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 235 21 weak weak JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 235 22 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 235 23 strong strong JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 235 24 forms form NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 235 25 depending depend VBG en-wikipedia-org-1664 235 26 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 235 27 whether whether IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 235 28 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1664 235 29 occur occur VBP en-wikipedia-org-1664 235 30 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 235 31 stressed stressed JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 235 32 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 235 33 non non JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 235 34 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 235 35 stressed stressed JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 235 36 position position NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 235 37 within within IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 235 38 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 235 39 sentence sentence NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 235 40 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 236 1 Stress stress NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 236 2 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 236 3 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 236 4 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 236 5 phonemic phonemic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 236 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 236 7 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 236 8 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 236 9 pairs pair NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 236 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 236 11 words word NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 236 12 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1664 236 13 distinguished distinguish VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 236 14 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 236 15 stress stress NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 236 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 237 1 For for IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 237 2 instance instance NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 237 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 237 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 237 5 word word NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 237 6 contract contract NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 237 7 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 237 8 stressed stress VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 237 9 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 237 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 237 11 first first JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 237 12 syllable syllable NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 237 13 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 237 14 /ˈkɒntrækt/ /ˈkɒntrækt/ . en-wikipedia-org-1664 237 15 KON KON NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 237 16 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 237 17 trakt trakt NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 237 18 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 237 19 when when WRB en-wikipedia-org-1664 237 20 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 237 21 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 237 22 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 237 23 noun noun NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 237 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 237 25 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 237 26 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 237 27 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 237 28 last last JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 237 29 syllable syllable NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 237 30 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 237 31 /kənˈtrækt/ /kənˈtrækt/ NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 237 32 kən kən NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 237 33 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 237 34 TRAKT TRAKT NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 237 35 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 237 36 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 237 37 most most JJS en-wikipedia-org-1664 237 38 meanings meaning NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 237 39 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 237 40 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 237 41 example example NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 237 42 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 237 43 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1664 237 44 reduce reduce VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 237 45 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 237 46 size size NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 237 47 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1664 237 48 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 237 49 when when WRB en-wikipedia-org-1664 237 50 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 237 51 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 237 52 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 237 53 verb verb NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 237 54 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 238 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 238 2 157][158][159 157][158][159 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 238 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 238 4 Here here RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 238 5 stress stress NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 238 6 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 238 7 connected connect VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 238 8 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 238 9 vowel vowel NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 238 10 reduction reduction NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 238 11 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1664 238 12 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 238 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 238 14 noun noun NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 238 15 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1664 238 16 contract contract NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 238 17 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1664 238 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 238 19 first first JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 238 20 syllable syllable NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 238 21 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 238 22 stressed stress VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 238 23 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 238 24 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 238 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 238 26 unreduced unreduced JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 238 27 vowel vowel NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 238 28 /ɒ/ /ɒ/ . en-wikipedia-org-1664 238 29 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 238 30 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 238 31 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 238 32 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 238 33 verb verb NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 238 34 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1664 238 35 contract contract NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 238 36 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1664 238 37 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 238 38 first first JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 238 39 syllable syllable NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 238 40 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 238 41 unstressed unstressed JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 238 42 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 238 43 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1664 238 44 vowel vowel NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 238 45 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 238 46 reduced reduce VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 238 47 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 238 48 /ə/. /ə/. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 239 1 Stress stress NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 239 2 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 239 3 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 239 4 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 239 5 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1664 239 6 distinguish distinguish VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 239 7 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 239 8 words word NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 239 9 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 239 10 phrases phrase NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 239 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 239 12 so so IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 239 13 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 239 14 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 239 15 compound compound NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 239 16 word word NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 239 17 receives receive VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 239 18 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 239 19 single single JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 239 20 stress stress NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 239 21 unit unit NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 239 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 239 23 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 239 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 239 25 corresponding corresponding JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 239 26 phrase phrase NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 239 27 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 239 28 two two CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 239 29 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1664 239 30 e.g. e.g. RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 240 1 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 240 2 burnout burnout NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 240 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 240 4 /ˈbɜːrnaʊt/ /ˈbɜːrnaʊt/ NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 240 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 240 6 versus versus FW en-wikipedia-org-1664 240 7 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1664 240 8 burn burn VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 240 9 out out RP en-wikipedia-org-1664 240 10 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 240 11 /ˈbɜːrn /ˈbɜːrn NFP en-wikipedia-org-1664 240 12 ˈaʊt/ ˈaʊt/ NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 240 13 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 240 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 240 15 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 240 16 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 240 17 hotdog hotdog NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 240 18 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 240 19 /ˈhɒtdɒɡ/ /ˈhɒtdɒɡ/ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 240 20 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 240 21 versus versus IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 240 22 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 240 23 hot hot JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 240 24 dog dog NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 240 25 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 240 26 /ˈhɒt /ˈhɒt NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 240 27 ˈdɒɡ/ ˈdɒɡ/ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 240 28 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 240 29 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 241 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 241 2 160 160 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 241 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 241 4 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 241 5 terms term NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 241 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 241 7 rhythm rhythm NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 241 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 241 9 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 241 10 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 241 11 generally generally RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 241 12 described describe VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 241 13 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 241 14 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 241 15 stress stress NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 241 16 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 241 17 timed time VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 241 18 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 241 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 241 20 meaning mean VBG en-wikipedia-org-1664 241 21 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 241 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 241 23 amount amount NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 241 24 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 241 25 time time NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 241 26 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 241 27 stressed stress VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 241 28 syllables syllable NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 241 29 tends tend VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 241 30 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1664 241 31 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 241 32 equal equal JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 241 33 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 242 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 242 2 161 161 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 242 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 242 4 Stressed stress VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 242 5 syllables syllable NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 242 6 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1664 242 7 pronounced pronounce VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 242 8 longer long RBR en-wikipedia-org-1664 242 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 242 10 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 242 11 unstressed unstressed JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 242 12 syllables syllable NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 242 13 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 242 14 syllables syllable NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 242 15 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 242 16 stresses stress NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 242 17 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 242 18 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1664 242 19 shortened shorten VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 242 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 243 1 Vowels vowel NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 243 2 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 243 3 unstressed unstressed JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 243 4 syllables syllable NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 243 5 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1664 243 6 shortened shorten VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 243 7 as as RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 243 8 well well RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 243 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 243 10 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 243 11 vowel vowel VBD en-wikipedia-org-1664 243 12 shortening shortening NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 243 13 causes cause VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 243 14 changes change NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 243 15 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 243 16 vowel vowel NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 243 17 quality quality NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 243 18 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1664 243 19 vowel vowel NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 243 20 reduction reduction NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 243 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 244 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 244 2 162 162 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 244 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 244 4 Regional regional JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 244 5 variation variation NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 244 6 Varieties variety NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 244 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 244 8 Standard Standard NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 244 9 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 244 10 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 244 11 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1664 244 12 features[163 features[163 NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 244 13 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 244 14 Phonological phonological JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 244 15 features feature VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 244 16 United United NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 244 17 States States NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 244 18 Canada Canada NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 244 19 Republic Republic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 244 20 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 244 21 Ireland Ireland NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 244 22 Northern Northern NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 244 23 Ireland Ireland NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 244 24 Scotland Scotland NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 244 25 England England NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 244 26 Wales Wales NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 244 27 South South NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 244 28 Africa Africa NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 244 29 Australia Australia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 244 30 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 244 31 Zealand Zealand NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 244 32 father father NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 244 33 – – : en-wikipedia-org-1664 244 34 bother bother NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 244 35 merger merger NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 244 36 yes yes UH en-wikipedia-org-1664 244 37 yes yes UH en-wikipedia-org-1664 244 38 /ɒ/ /ɒ/ . en-wikipedia-org-1664 244 39 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 244 40 unrounded unrounded JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 244 41 yes yes UH en-wikipedia-org-1664 244 42 yes yes UH en-wikipedia-org-1664 244 43 yes yes UH en-wikipedia-org-1664 244 44 /ɜːr/ /ɜːr/ . en-wikipedia-org-1664 244 45 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 244 46 pronounced pronounce VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 244 47 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 244 48 ɚ ɚ NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 244 49 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 244 50 yes yes UH en-wikipedia-org-1664 244 51 yes yes UH en-wikipedia-org-1664 244 52 yes yes UH en-wikipedia-org-1664 244 53 yes yes UH en-wikipedia-org-1664 244 54 cot cot VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 244 55 – – : en-wikipedia-org-1664 244 56 caught catch VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 244 57 merger merger NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 244 58 possibly possibly RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 244 59 yes yes UH en-wikipedia-org-1664 244 60 possibly possibly RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 244 61 yes yes UH en-wikipedia-org-1664 244 62 yes yes UH en-wikipedia-org-1664 244 63 fool fool NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 244 64 – – : en-wikipedia-org-1664 244 65 full full JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 244 66 merger merger NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 244 67 yes yes UH en-wikipedia-org-1664 244 68 yes yes UH en-wikipedia-org-1664 244 69 /t /t . en-wikipedia-org-1664 244 70 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 244 71 d/ d/ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 244 72 flapping flap VBG en-wikipedia-org-1664 244 73 yes yes UH en-wikipedia-org-1664 244 74 yes yes UH en-wikipedia-org-1664 244 75 possibly possibly RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 244 76 often often RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 244 77 rarely rarely RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 244 78 rarely rarely RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 244 79 rarely rarely RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 244 80 rarely rarely RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 244 81 yes yes UH en-wikipedia-org-1664 244 82 often often RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 244 83 trap trap NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 244 84 – – : en-wikipedia-org-1664 244 85 bath bath NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 244 86 split split NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 244 87 possibly possibly RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 244 88 possibly possibly RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 244 89 often often RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 244 90 yes yes UH en-wikipedia-org-1664 244 91 yes yes UH en-wikipedia-org-1664 244 92 often often RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 244 93 yes yes UH en-wikipedia-org-1664 244 94 non non JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 244 95 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 244 96 rhotic rhotic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 244 97 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 244 98 /r/-dropping /r/-droppe VBG en-wikipedia-org-1664 244 99 after after IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 244 100 vowels vowel NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 244 101 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 244 102 yes yes UH en-wikipedia-org-1664 244 103 yes yes UH en-wikipedia-org-1664 244 104 yes yes UH en-wikipedia-org-1664 244 105 yes yes UH en-wikipedia-org-1664 244 106 yes yes UH en-wikipedia-org-1664 244 107 close close JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 244 108 vowels vowel NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 244 109 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 244 110 /æ /æ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 244 111 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 244 112 ɛ/ ɛ/ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 244 113 yes yes UH en-wikipedia-org-1664 244 114 yes yes UH en-wikipedia-org-1664 244 115 yes yes UH en-wikipedia-org-1664 244 116 /l/ /l/ . en-wikipedia-org-1664 244 117 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-1664 244 118 always always RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 244 119 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 244 120 pronounced pronounce VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 244 121 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 244 122 ɫ ɫ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 244 123 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 244 124 yes yes UH en-wikipedia-org-1664 244 125 yes yes UH en-wikipedia-org-1664 244 126 yes yes UH en-wikipedia-org-1664 244 127 yes yes UH en-wikipedia-org-1664 244 128 yes yes UH en-wikipedia-org-1664 244 129 yes yes UH en-wikipedia-org-1664 244 130 /ɑːr/ /ɑːr/ . en-wikipedia-org-1664 244 131 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 244 132 fronted front VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 244 133 possibly possibly RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 244 134 possibly possibly RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 244 135 yes yes UH en-wikipedia-org-1664 244 136 yes yes UH en-wikipedia-org-1664 244 137 Dialects Dialects NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1664 244 138 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 244 139 low low JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 244 140 vowels vowel NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 244 141 Lexical Lexical NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 244 142 set set VBD en-wikipedia-org-1664 244 143 RP RP NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 244 144 GA GA NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 244 145 Can Can MD en-wikipedia-org-1664 244 146 Sound sound VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 244 147 change change NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 244 148 THOUGHT thought NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 244 149 /ɔː/ /ɔː/ . en-wikipedia-org-1664 244 150 /ɔ/ /ɔ/ . en-wikipedia-org-1664 244 151 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 244 152 /ɑ/ /ɑ/ . en-wikipedia-org-1664 244 153 /ɑ/ /ɑ/ . en-wikipedia-org-1664 244 154 cot cot NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 244 155 – – : en-wikipedia-org-1664 244 156 caught catch VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 244 157 merger merger NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 244 158 CLOTH CLOTH NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 244 159 /ɒ/ /ɒ/ . en-wikipedia-org-1664 244 160 lot lot NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 244 161 – – : en-wikipedia-org-1664 244 162 cloth cloth NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 244 163 split split NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 244 164 LOT LOT NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 244 165 /ɑ/ /ɑ/ NFP en-wikipedia-org-1664 244 166 father father NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 244 167 – – : en-wikipedia-org-1664 244 168 bother bother NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 244 169 merger merger NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 244 170 PALM PALM NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 244 171 /ɑː/ /ɑː/ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 244 172 BATH BATH NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 244 173 /æ/ /æ/ . en-wikipedia-org-1664 244 174 /æ/ /æ/ . en-wikipedia-org-1664 244 175 trap trap NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 244 176 – – : en-wikipedia-org-1664 244 177 bath bath NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 244 178 split split VBD en-wikipedia-org-1664 244 179 TRAP TRAP NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 244 180 /æ/ /æ/ . en-wikipedia-org-1664 244 181 Varieties Varieties NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 244 182 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 244 183 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 244 184 vary vary VBP en-wikipedia-org-1664 244 185 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 244 186 most most RBS en-wikipedia-org-1664 244 187 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 244 188 pronunciation pronunciation NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 244 189 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 244 190 vowels vowel NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 244 191 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 245 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 245 2 best well RBS en-wikipedia-org-1664 245 3 known know VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 245 4 national national JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 245 5 varieties variety NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 245 6 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 245 7 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 245 8 standards standard NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 245 9 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 245 10 education education NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 245 11 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 245 12 non non JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 245 13 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 245 14 English english JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 245 15 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 245 16 speaking speak VBG en-wikipedia-org-1664 245 17 countries country NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 245 18 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1664 245 19 British british JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 245 20 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 245 21 BrE bre NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 245 22 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 245 23 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 245 24 American American NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 245 25 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 245 26 AmE AmE NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 245 27 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 245 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 246 1 Countries country NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 246 2 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 246 3 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 246 4 Canada Canada NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 246 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 246 6 Australia Australia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 246 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 246 8 Ireland Ireland NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 246 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 246 10 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 246 11 Zealand Zealand NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 246 12 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 246 13 South South NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 246 14 Africa Africa NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 246 15 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-1664 246 16 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1664 246 17 own own JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 246 18 standard standard JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 246 19 varieties variety NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 246 20 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1664 246 21 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1664 246 22 less less RBR en-wikipedia-org-1664 246 23 often often RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 246 24 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 246 25 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 246 26 standards standard NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 246 27 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 246 28 education education NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 246 29 internationally internationally RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 246 30 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 247 1 Some some DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 247 2 differences difference NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 247 3 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 247 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 247 5 various various JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 247 6 dialects dialect NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 247 7 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1664 247 8 shown show VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 247 9 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 247 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 247 11 table table NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 247 12 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1664 247 13 Varieties Varieties NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1664 247 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 247 15 Standard Standard NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 247 16 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 247 17 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 247 18 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1664 247 19 features feature NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 247 20 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1664 247 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 248 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 248 2 163 163 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 248 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 248 4 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 248 5 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 248 6 undergone undergo VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 248 7 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 248 8 historical historical JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 248 9 sound sound NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 248 10 changes change NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 248 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 248 12 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 248 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 248 14 them -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1664 248 15 affecting affect VBG en-wikipedia-org-1664 248 16 all all DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 248 17 varieties variety NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 248 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 248 19 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 248 20 others other NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 248 21 affecting affect VBG en-wikipedia-org-1664 248 22 only only RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 248 23 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 248 24 few few JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 248 25 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 249 1 Most Most JJS en-wikipedia-org-1664 249 2 standard standard JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 249 3 varieties variety NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 249 4 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1664 249 5 affected affect VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 249 6 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 249 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 249 8 Great Great NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 249 9 Vowel Vowel NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 249 10 Shift Shift NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 249 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 249 12 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1664 249 13 changed change VBD en-wikipedia-org-1664 249 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 249 15 pronunciation pronunciation NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 249 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 249 17 long long JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 249 18 vowels vowel NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 249 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 249 20 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 249 21 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 249 22 few few JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 249 23 dialects dialect NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 249 24 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-1664 249 25 slightly slightly RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 249 26 different different JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 249 27 results result NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 249 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 250 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 250 2 North North NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 250 3 America America NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 250 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 250 5 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 250 6 number number NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 250 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 250 8 chain chain NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 250 9 shifts shift NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 250 10 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 250 11 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 250 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 250 13 Northern Northern NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 250 14 Cities Cities NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1664 250 15 Vowel Vowel NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 250 16 Shift Shift NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 250 17 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 250 18 Canadian Canadian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 250 19 Shift Shift NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 250 20 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-1664 250 21 produced produce VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 250 22 very very RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 250 23 different different JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 250 24 vowel vowel NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 250 25 landscapes landscape NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 250 26 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 250 27 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 250 28 regional regional JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 250 29 accents accent NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 250 30 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 251 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 251 2 164][165 164][165 LS en-wikipedia-org-1664 251 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 251 4 Some some DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 251 5 dialects dialect NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 251 6 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-1664 251 7 fewer few JJR en-wikipedia-org-1664 251 8 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 251 9 more more RBR en-wikipedia-org-1664 251 10 consonant consonant JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 251 11 phonemes phoneme NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 251 12 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 251 13 phones phone NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 251 14 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 251 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 251 16 standard standard JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 251 17 varieties variety NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 251 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 252 1 Some some DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 252 2 conservative conservative JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 252 3 varieties variety NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 252 4 like like IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 252 5 Scottish Scottish NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 252 6 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 252 7 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-1664 252 8 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 252 9 voiceless voiceless NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 252 10 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 252 11 ʍ ʍ NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 252 12 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 252 13 sound sound NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 252 14 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 252 15 whine whine NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 252 16 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-1664 252 17 contrasts contrast VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 252 18 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 252 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 252 20 voiced voiced JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 252 21 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 252 22 w w NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 252 23 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 252 24 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 252 25 wine wine NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 252 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 252 27 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 252 28 most most JJS en-wikipedia-org-1664 252 29 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 252 30 dialects dialect VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 252 31 pronounce pronounce VBP en-wikipedia-org-1664 252 32 both both DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 252 33 words word NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 252 34 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 252 35 voiced voiced JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 252 36 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 252 37 w w NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 252 38 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 252 39 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 252 40 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 252 41 dialect dialect NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 252 42 feature feature NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 252 43 called call VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 252 44 wine wine NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 252 45 – – : en-wikipedia-org-1664 252 46 whine whine NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 252 47 merger merger NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 252 48 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 253 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 253 2 unvoiced unvoiced JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 253 3 velar velar JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 253 4 fricative fricative JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 253 5 sound sound NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 253 6 /x/ /x/ , en-wikipedia-org-1664 253 7 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 253 8 found find VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 253 9 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 253 10 Scottish Scottish NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 253 11 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 253 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 253 13 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1664 253 14 distinguishes distinguish VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 253 15 loch loch NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 253 16 /lɔx/ /lɔx/ : en-wikipedia-org-1664 253 17 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 253 18 lock lock NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 253 19 /lɔk/. /lɔk/. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 254 1 Accents accent NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 254 2 like like IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 254 3 Cockney Cockney NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 254 4 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 254 5 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1664 254 6 h h NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 254 7 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 254 8 dropping drop VBG en-wikipedia-org-1664 254 9 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1664 254 10 lack lack VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 254 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 254 12 glottal glottal JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 254 13 fricative fricative NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 254 14 /h/ /h/ . en-wikipedia-org-1664 254 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 254 16 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 254 17 dialects dialect VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 254 18 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 254 19 th th NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 254 20 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 254 21 stopping stop VBG en-wikipedia-org-1664 254 22 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 254 23 th th RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 254 24 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 254 25 fronting fronting NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 254 26 like like IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 254 27 African African NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 254 28 American American NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 254 29 Vernacular Vernacular NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 254 30 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 254 31 Estuary Estuary NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 254 32 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 254 33 do do VBP en-wikipedia-org-1664 254 34 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 254 35 have have VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 254 36 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 254 37 dental dental JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 254 38 fricatives fricative NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 254 39 /θ /θ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 254 40 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 254 41 ð/ ð/ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 254 42 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 254 43 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 254 44 replace replace VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 254 45 them -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1664 254 46 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 254 47 dental dental JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 254 48 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 254 49 alveolar alveolar JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 254 50 stops stop NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 254 51 /t /t NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 254 52 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 254 53 d/ d/ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 254 54 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 254 55 labiodental labiodental JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 254 56 fricatives fricative NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 254 57 /f /f NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 254 58 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 254 59 v/. v/. JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 255 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 255 2 166][167 166][167 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 255 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 255 4 Other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 255 5 changes change NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 255 6 affecting affect VBG en-wikipedia-org-1664 255 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 255 8 phonology phonology NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 255 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 255 10 local local JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 255 11 varieties variety NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 255 12 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1664 255 13 processes process NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 255 14 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 255 15 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 255 16 yod yod NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 255 17 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 255 18 dropping drop VBG en-wikipedia-org-1664 255 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 255 20 yod yod NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 255 21 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 255 22 coalescence coalescence NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 255 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 255 24 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 255 25 reduction reduction NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 255 26 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 255 27 consonant consonant NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 255 28 clusters cluster NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 255 29 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 256 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 256 2 168 168 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 256 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 256 4 General General NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 256 5 American American NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 256 6 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 256 7 Received Received NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 256 8 Pronunciation Pronunciation NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 256 9 vary vary VBP en-wikipedia-org-1664 256 10 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 256 11 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1664 256 12 pronunciation pronunciation NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 256 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 256 14 historical historical JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 256 15 /r/ /r/ . en-wikipedia-org-1664 256 16 after after IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 256 17 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 256 18 vowel vowel NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 256 19 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 256 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 256 21 end end NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 256 22 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 256 23 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 256 24 syllable syllable NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 256 25 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 256 26 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 256 27 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 256 28 syllable syllable NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 256 29 coda coda NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 256 30 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 256 31 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 257 1 GA GA NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 257 2 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 257 3 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 257 4 rhotic rhotic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 257 5 dialect dialect NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 257 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 257 7 meaning mean VBG en-wikipedia-org-1664 257 8 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 257 9 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1664 257 10 pronounces pronounce VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 257 11 /r/ /r/ . en-wikipedia-org-1664 257 12 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 257 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 257 14 end end NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 257 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 257 16 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 257 17 syllable syllable NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 257 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 257 19 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 257 20 RP RP NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 257 21 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 257 22 non non JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 257 23 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 257 24 rhotic rhotic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 257 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 257 26 meaning mean VBG en-wikipedia-org-1664 257 27 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 257 28 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1664 257 29 loses lose VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 257 30 /r/ /r/ . en-wikipedia-org-1664 257 31 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 257 32 that that DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 257 33 position position NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 257 34 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 258 1 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 258 2 dialects dialect NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 258 3 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1664 258 4 classified classify VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 258 5 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 258 6 rhotic rhotic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 258 7 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 258 8 non non JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 258 9 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 258 10 rhotic rhotic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 258 11 depending depending NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 258 12 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 258 13 whether whether IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 258 14 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1664 258 15 elide elide RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 258 16 /r/ /r/ . en-wikipedia-org-1664 258 17 like like UH en-wikipedia-org-1664 258 18 RP RP NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 258 19 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 258 20 keep keep VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 258 21 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1664 258 22 like like IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 258 23 GA.[169 GA.[169 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 258 24 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 258 25 There there EX en-wikipedia-org-1664 258 26 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 258 27 complex complex JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 258 28 dialectal dialectal JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 258 29 variation variation NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 258 30 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 258 31 words word NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 258 32 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 258 33 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 258 34 open open JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 258 35 front front NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 258 36 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 258 37 open open VBP en-wikipedia-org-1664 258 38 back back JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 258 39 vowels vowel NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 258 40 /æ /æ . en-wikipedia-org-1664 258 41 ɑː ɑː NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 258 42 ɒ ɒ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 258 43 ɔː/. ɔː/. NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 259 1 These these DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 259 2 four four CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 259 3 vowels vowel NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 259 4 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1664 259 5 only only RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 259 6 distinguished distinguish VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 259 7 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 259 8 RP RP NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 259 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 259 10 Australia Australia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 259 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 259 12 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 259 13 Zealand Zealand NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 259 14 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 259 15 South South NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 259 16 Africa Africa NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 259 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 260 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 260 2 GA GA NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 260 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 260 4 these these DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 260 5 vowels vowel NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 260 6 merge merge VBP en-wikipedia-org-1664 260 7 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 260 8 three three CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 260 9 /æ /æ . en-wikipedia-org-1664 260 10 ɑ ɑ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 260 11 ɔ/,[170 ɔ/,[170 '' en-wikipedia-org-1664 260 12 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 260 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 260 14 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 260 15 Canadian canadian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 260 16 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 260 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 260 18 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1664 260 19 merge merge VBP en-wikipedia-org-1664 260 20 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 260 21 two two CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 260 22 /æ /æ . en-wikipedia-org-1664 260 23 ɑ/. ɑ/. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 261 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 261 2 171 171 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 261 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 261 4 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 261 5 addition addition NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 261 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 261 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 261 8 words word NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 261 9 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-1664 261 10 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-1664 261 11 each each DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 261 12 vowel vowel NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 261 13 vary vary VBP en-wikipedia-org-1664 261 14 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 261 15 dialect dialect NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 261 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 262 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 262 2 table table NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 262 3 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1664 262 4 Dialects dialect NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 262 5 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 262 6 open open JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 262 7 vowels vowel NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 262 8 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1664 262 9 shows show VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 262 10 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 262 11 variation variation NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 262 12 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 262 13 lexical lexical JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 262 14 sets set NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 262 15 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 262 16 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1664 262 17 these these DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 262 18 sounds sound NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 262 19 occur occur VBP en-wikipedia-org-1664 262 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 263 1 Grammar Grammar NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 263 2 As as IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 263 3 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 263 4 typical typical JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 263 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 263 6 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 263 7 Indo indo JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 263 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 263 9 European european JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 263 10 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 263 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 263 12 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 263 13 follows follow VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 263 14 accusative accusative JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 263 15 morphosyntactic morphosyntactic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 263 16 alignment alignment NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 263 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 264 1 Unlike unlike IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 264 2 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 264 3 Indo indo JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 264 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 264 5 European european JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 264 6 languages language NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 264 7 though though RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 264 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 264 9 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 264 10 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 264 11 largely largely RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 264 12 abandoned abandon VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 264 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 264 14 inflectional inflectional JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 264 15 case case NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 264 16 system system NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 264 17 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 264 18 favor favor NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 264 19 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 264 20 analytic analytic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 264 21 constructions construction NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 264 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 265 1 Only only RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 265 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 265 3 personal personal JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 265 4 pronouns pronoun NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 265 5 retain retain VBP en-wikipedia-org-1664 265 6 morphological morphological JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 265 7 case case NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 265 8 more more RBR en-wikipedia-org-1664 265 9 strongly strongly RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 265 10 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 265 11 any any DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 265 12 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 265 13 word word NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 265 14 class class NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 265 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 266 1 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 266 2 distinguishes distinguish VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 266 3 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 266 4 least least JJS en-wikipedia-org-1664 266 5 seven seven CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 266 6 major major JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 266 7 word word NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 266 8 classes class NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 266 9 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1664 266 10 verbs verbs NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 266 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 266 12 nouns noun NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 266 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 266 14 adjectives adjective NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 266 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 266 16 adverbs adverb NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 266 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 266 18 determiners determiner NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 266 19 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 266 20 including include VBG en-wikipedia-org-1664 266 21 articles article NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 266 22 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 266 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 266 24 prepositions preposition NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 266 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 266 26 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 266 27 conjunctions conjunction NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 266 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 267 1 Some some DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 267 2 analyses analysis NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 267 3 add add VBP en-wikipedia-org-1664 267 4 pronouns pronoun NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 267 5 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 267 6 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 267 7 class class NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 267 8 separate separate JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 267 9 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 267 10 nouns noun NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 267 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 267 12 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 267 13 subdivide subdivide VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 267 14 conjunctions conjunction NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 267 15 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 267 16 subordinators subordinator NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 267 17 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 267 18 coordinators coordinator NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 267 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 267 20 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 267 21 add add VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 267 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 267 23 class class NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 267 24 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 267 25 interjections interjection NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 267 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 268 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 268 2 172 172 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 268 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 268 4 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 268 5 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 268 6 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 268 7 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 268 8 rich rich JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 268 9 set set NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 268 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 268 11 auxiliary auxiliary JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 268 12 verbs verb NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 268 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 268 14 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 268 15 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 268 16 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-1664 268 17 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 268 18 do do VBP en-wikipedia-org-1664 268 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 268 20 expressing express VBG en-wikipedia-org-1664 268 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 268 22 categories category NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 268 23 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 268 24 mood mood NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 268 25 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 268 26 aspect aspect NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 268 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 269 1 Questions question NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 269 2 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1664 269 3 marked mark VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 269 4 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 269 5 do do NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 269 6 - - NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 269 7 support support VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 269 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 269 9 wh wh NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 269 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 269 11 movement movement NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 269 12 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 269 13 fronting fronting NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 269 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 269 15 question question NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 269 16 words word NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 269 17 beginning begin VBG en-wikipedia-org-1664 269 18 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 269 19 wh- wh- CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 269 20 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 269 21 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 269 22 word word NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 269 23 order order NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 269 24 inversion inversion NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 269 25 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 269 26 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 269 27 verbs verb NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 269 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 270 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 270 2 173 173 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 270 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 270 4 Some some DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 270 5 traits trait NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 270 6 typical typical JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 270 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 270 8 Germanic germanic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 270 9 languages language NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 270 10 persist persist VBP en-wikipedia-org-1664 270 11 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 270 12 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 270 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 270 14 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 270 15 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 270 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 270 17 distinction distinction NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 270 18 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 270 19 irregularly irregularly RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 270 20 inflected inflect VBD en-wikipedia-org-1664 270 21 strong strong JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 270 22 stems stem NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 270 23 inflected inflect VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 270 24 through through IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 270 25 ablaut ablaut NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 270 26 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 270 27 i.e. i.e. FW en-wikipedia-org-1664 271 1 changing change VBG en-wikipedia-org-1664 271 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 271 3 vowel vowel NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 271 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 271 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 271 6 stem stem NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 271 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 271 8 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 271 9 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 271 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 271 11 pairs pair NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 271 12 speak speak VBP en-wikipedia-org-1664 271 13 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-1664 271 14 spoke speak VBD en-wikipedia-org-1664 271 15 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 271 16 foot foot NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 271 17 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-1664 271 18 feet foot NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 271 19 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 271 20 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 271 21 weak weak JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 271 22 stems stem NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 271 23 inflected inflect VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 271 24 through through IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 271 25 affixation affixation NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 271 26 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 271 27 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 271 28 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 271 29 love love NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 271 30 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-1664 271 31 loved love VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 271 32 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 271 33 hand hand NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 271 34 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-1664 271 35 hands hand NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 271 36 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 271 37 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 272 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 272 2 174 174 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 272 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 272 4 Vestiges vestige NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 272 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 272 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 272 7 case case NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 272 8 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 272 9 gender gender NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 272 10 system system NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 272 11 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1664 272 12 found find VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 272 13 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 272 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 272 15 pronoun pronoun NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 272 16 system system NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 272 17 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 272 18 he -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1664 272 19 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-1664 272 20 him -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1664 272 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 272 22 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-1664 272 23 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-1664 272 24 whom whom WP en-wikipedia-org-1664 272 25 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 272 26 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 272 27 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 272 28 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 272 29 inflection inflection NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 272 30 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 272 31 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 272 32 copula copula NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 272 33 verb verb FW en-wikipedia-org-1664 272 34 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1664 272 35 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 272 36 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 273 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 273 2 174 174 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 273 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 273 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 273 5 seven seven CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 273 6 word word NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 273 7 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 273 8 classes class NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 273 9 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1664 273 10 exemplified exemplify VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 273 11 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 273 12 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 273 13 sample sample NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 273 14 sentence:[175 sentence:[175 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 273 15 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 273 16 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 273 17 chairman chairman NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 273 18 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 273 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 273 20 committee committee NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 273 21 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 273 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 273 23 loquacious loquacious JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 273 24 politician politician NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 273 25 clashed clash VBD en-wikipedia-org-1664 273 26 violently violently RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 273 27 when when WRB en-wikipedia-org-1664 273 28 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 273 29 meeting meeting NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 273 30 started start VBD en-wikipedia-org-1664 273 31 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 274 1 Det Det NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 274 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 275 1 Noun Noun NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 275 2 Prep Prep NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 275 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 276 1 Det Det NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 276 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 277 1 Noun Noun NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 277 2 Conj Conj NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 277 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 278 1 Det Det NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 278 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 279 1 Adj Adj NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 279 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 280 1 Noun Noun NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 280 2 Verb Verb NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 280 3 Advb Advb NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 280 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 281 1 Conj Conj NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 281 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 282 1 Det Det NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 282 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 283 1 Noun Noun NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 283 2 Verb Verb NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 283 3 Nouns Nouns NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 283 4 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 283 5 noun noun NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 283 6 phrases phrase NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 283 7 English english JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 283 8 nouns noun NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 283 9 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1664 283 10 only only RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 283 11 inflected inflect VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 283 12 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 283 13 number number NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 283 14 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 283 15 possession possession NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 283 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 284 1 New new JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 284 2 nouns noun NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 284 3 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-1664 284 4 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 284 5 formed form VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 284 6 through through IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 284 7 derivation derivation NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 284 8 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 284 9 compounding compounding NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 284 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 285 1 They -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1664 285 2 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1664 285 3 semantically semantically RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 285 4 divided divide VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 285 5 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 285 6 proper proper JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 285 7 nouns noun NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 285 8 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 285 9 names name NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 285 10 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 285 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 285 12 common common JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 285 13 nouns noun NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 285 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 286 1 Common common JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 286 2 nouns noun NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 286 3 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1664 286 4 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 286 5 turn turn NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 286 6 divided divide VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 286 7 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 286 8 concrete concrete JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 286 9 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 286 10 abstract abstract JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 286 11 nouns noun NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 286 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 286 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 286 14 grammatically grammatically RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 286 15 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 286 16 count count JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 286 17 nouns noun NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 286 18 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 286 19 mass mass JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 286 20 nouns noun NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 286 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 287 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 287 2 176 176 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 287 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 287 4 Most Most JJS en-wikipedia-org-1664 287 5 count count JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 287 6 nouns noun NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 287 7 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1664 287 8 inflected inflect VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 287 9 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 287 10 plural plural JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 287 11 number number NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 287 12 through through IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 287 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 287 14 use use NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 287 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 287 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 287 17 plural plural JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 287 18 suffix suffix NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 287 19 -s -s : en-wikipedia-org-1664 287 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 287 21 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 287 22 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 287 23 few few JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 287 24 nouns noun NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 287 25 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-1664 287 26 irregular irregular JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 287 27 plural plural JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 287 28 forms form NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 287 29 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 288 1 Mass mass NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 288 2 nouns noun NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 288 3 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-1664 288 4 only only RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 288 5 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 288 6 pluralised pluralise VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 288 7 through through IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 288 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 288 9 use use NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 288 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 288 11 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 288 12 count count JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 288 13 noun noun NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 288 14 classifier classifier NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 288 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 288 16 e.g. e.g. RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 289 1 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 289 2 loaf loaf NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 289 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 289 4 bread bread NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 289 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 289 6 two two CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 289 7 loaves loaf NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 289 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 289 9 bread bread NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 289 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 290 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 290 2 177 177 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 290 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 290 4 Regular regular JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 290 5 plural plural JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 290 6 formation formation NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 290 7 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1664 290 8 Singular singular JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 290 9 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1664 290 10 cat cat NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 290 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 290 12 dog dog NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 290 13 Plural plural JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 290 14 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1664 290 15 cats cat NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 290 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 290 17 dogs dog VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 290 18 Irregular irregular JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 290 19 plural plural JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 290 20 formation formation NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 290 21 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1664 290 22 Singular singular JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 290 23 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1664 290 24 man man NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 290 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 290 26 woman woman NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 290 27 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 290 28 foot foot NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 290 29 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 290 30 fish fish NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 290 31 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 290 32 ox ox NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 290 33 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 290 34 knife knife NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 290 35 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 290 36 mouse mouse NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 290 37 Plural Plural NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 290 38 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1664 290 39 men man NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 290 40 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 290 41 women woman NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 290 42 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 290 43 feet foot NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 290 44 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 290 45 fish fish NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 290 46 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 290 47 oxen oxen NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 290 48 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 290 49 knives knife NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 290 50 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 290 51 mice mouse NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 290 52 Possession Possession NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 290 53 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-1664 290 54 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 290 55 expressed express VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 290 56 either either CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 290 57 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 290 58 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 290 59 possessive possessive JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 290 60 enclitic enclitic NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 290 61 -s -s : en-wikipedia-org-1664 290 62 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 290 63 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 290 64 traditionally traditionally RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 290 65 called call VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 290 66 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 290 67 genitive genitive JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 290 68 suffix suffix NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 290 69 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 290 70 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 290 71 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 290 72 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 290 73 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 290 74 preposition preposition NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 290 75 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 290 76 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 291 1 Historically historically RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 291 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 291 3 -s -s : en-wikipedia-org-1664 291 4 possessive possessive JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 291 5 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 291 6 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 291 7 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 291 8 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 291 9 animate animate NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 291 10 nouns noun NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 291 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 291 12 whereas whereas IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 291 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 291 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 291 15 possessive possessive NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 291 16 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 291 17 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 291 18 reserved reserve VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 291 19 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 291 20 inanimate inanimate JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 291 21 nouns noun NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 291 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 292 1 Today today NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 292 2 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 292 3 distinction distinction NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 292 4 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 292 5 less less RBR en-wikipedia-org-1664 292 6 clear clear JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 292 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 292 8 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 292 9 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 292 10 speakers speaker NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 292 11 use use VBP en-wikipedia-org-1664 292 12 -s -s : en-wikipedia-org-1664 292 13 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 292 14 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 292 15 inanimates inanimate NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 292 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 293 1 Orthographically orthographically RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 293 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 293 3 possessive possessive NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 293 4 -s -s : en-wikipedia-org-1664 293 5 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 293 6 separated separate VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 293 7 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 293 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 293 9 noun noun JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 293 10 root root NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 293 11 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 293 12 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 293 13 apostrophe apostrophe NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 293 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 294 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 294 2 173 173 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 294 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 294 4 Possessive possessive JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 294 5 constructions construction NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 294 6 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1664 294 7 With with IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 294 8 -s -s : en-wikipedia-org-1664 294 9 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1664 294 10 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 294 11 woman woman NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 294 12 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-1664 294 13 husband husband NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 294 14 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-1664 294 15 child child NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 294 16 With with IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 294 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 294 18 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1664 294 19 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 294 20 child child NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 294 21 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 294 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 294 23 husband husband NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 294 24 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 294 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 294 26 woman woman NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 294 27 Nouns Nouns NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 294 28 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-1664 294 29 form form VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 294 30 noun noun JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 294 31 phrases phrase NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 294 32 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 294 33 NPs NPs NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 294 34 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 294 35 where where WRB en-wikipedia-org-1664 294 36 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1664 294 37 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1664 294 38 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 294 39 syntactic syntactic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 294 40 head head NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 294 41 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 294 42 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 294 43 words word NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 294 44 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-1664 294 45 depend depend VBP en-wikipedia-org-1664 294 46 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 294 47 them -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1664 294 48 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 294 49 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 294 50 determiners determiner NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 294 51 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 294 52 quantifiers quantifier NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 294 53 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 294 54 conjunctions conjunction NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 294 55 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 294 56 adjectives adjective NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 294 57 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 295 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 295 2 178 178 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 295 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 295 4 Noun Noun NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 295 5 phrases phrase NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 295 6 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-1664 295 7 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 295 8 short short JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 295 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 295 10 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 295 11 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 295 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 295 13 man man NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 295 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 295 15 composed compose VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 295 16 only only RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 295 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 295 18 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 295 19 determiner determiner NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 295 20 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 295 21 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 295 22 noun noun NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 295 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 296 1 They -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1664 296 2 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-1664 296 3 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 296 4 include include VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 296 5 modifiers modifier NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 296 6 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 296 7 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 296 8 adjectives adjective NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 296 9 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 296 10 e.g. e.g. RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 297 1 red red JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 297 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 297 3 tall tall JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 297 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 297 5 all all DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 297 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 297 7 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 297 8 specifiers specifier NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 297 9 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 297 10 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 297 11 determiners determiner NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 297 12 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 297 13 e.g. e.g. RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 298 1 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 298 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 298 3 that that DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 298 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 298 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 299 1 But but CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 299 2 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1664 299 3 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-1664 299 4 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 299 5 tie tie VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 299 6 together together RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 299 7 several several JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 299 8 nouns noun NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 299 9 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 299 10 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 299 11 single single JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 299 12 long long JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 299 13 NP NP NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 299 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 299 15 using use VBG en-wikipedia-org-1664 299 16 conjunctions conjunction NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 299 17 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 299 18 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 299 19 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 299 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 299 21 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 299 22 prepositions preposition NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 299 23 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 299 24 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 299 25 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 299 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 299 27 e.g. e.g. RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 300 1 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 300 2 tall tall JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 300 3 man man NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 300 4 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 300 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 300 6 long long JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 300 7 red red JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 300 8 trousers trouser NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 300 9 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 300 10 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1664 300 11 skinny skinny JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 300 12 wife wife NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 300 13 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 300 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 300 15 spectacles spectacle NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 300 16 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 300 17 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 300 18 NP NP NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 300 19 uses use VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 300 20 conjunctions conjunction NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 300 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 300 22 prepositions preposition NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 300 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 300 24 specifiers specifier NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 300 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 300 26 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 300 27 modifiers modifier NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 300 28 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 300 29 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 301 1 Regardless regardless RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 301 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 301 3 length length NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 301 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 301 5 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 301 6 NP NP NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 301 7 functions function NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 301 8 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 301 9 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 301 10 syntactic syntactic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 301 11 unit unit NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 301 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 302 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 302 2 173 173 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 302 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 302 4 For for IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 302 5 example example NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 302 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 302 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 302 8 possessive possessive JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 302 9 enclitic enclitic NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 302 10 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-1664 302 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 302 12 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 302 13 cases case NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 302 14 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1664 302 15 do do VBP en-wikipedia-org-1664 302 16 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 302 17 lead lead VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 302 18 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 302 19 ambiguity ambiguity NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 302 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 302 21 follow follow VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 302 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 302 23 entire entire JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 302 24 noun noun NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 302 25 phrase phrase NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 302 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 302 27 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 302 28 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 302 29 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 302 30 President President NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 302 31 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 302 32 India India NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 302 33 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-1664 302 34 wife wife NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 302 35 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 302 36 where where WRB en-wikipedia-org-1664 302 37 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 302 38 enclitic enclitic NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 302 39 follows follow VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 302 40 India India NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 302 41 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 302 42 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 302 43 President President NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 302 44 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 303 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 303 2 class class NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 303 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 303 4 determiners determiner NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 303 5 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 303 6 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 303 7 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1664 303 8 specify specify VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 303 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 303 10 noun noun NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 303 11 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1664 303 12 precede precede VBP en-wikipedia-org-1664 303 13 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 303 14 terms term NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 303 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 303 16 definiteness definiteness NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 303 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 303 18 where where WRB en-wikipedia-org-1664 303 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 303 20 marks mark NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 303 21 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 303 22 definite definite JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 303 23 noun noun NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 303 24 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 303 25 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 303 26 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 303 27 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 303 28 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 303 29 indefinite indefinite JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 303 30 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 303 31 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 304 1 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 304 2 definite definite JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 304 3 noun noun NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 304 4 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 304 5 assumed assume VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 304 6 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 304 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 304 8 speaker speaker NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 304 9 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1664 304 10 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 304 11 already already RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 304 12 known know VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 304 13 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 304 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 304 15 interlocutor interlocutor NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 304 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 304 17 whereas whereas IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 304 18 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 304 19 indefinite indefinite JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 304 20 noun noun NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 304 21 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 304 22 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 304 23 specified specify VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 304 24 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 304 25 being be VBG en-wikipedia-org-1664 304 26 previously previously RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 304 27 known know VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 304 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 305 1 Quantifiers quantifier NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 305 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 305 3 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1664 305 4 include include VBP en-wikipedia-org-1664 305 5 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 305 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 305 7 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 305 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 305 9 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 305 10 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 305 11 all all DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 305 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 305 13 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1664 305 14 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 305 15 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1664 305 16 specify specify VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 305 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 305 18 noun noun NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 305 19 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 305 20 terms term NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 305 21 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 305 22 quantity quantity NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 305 23 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 305 24 number number NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 305 25 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 306 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 306 2 noun noun NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 306 3 must must MD en-wikipedia-org-1664 306 4 agree agree VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 306 5 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 306 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 306 7 number number NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 306 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 306 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 306 10 determiner determiner NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 306 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 306 12 e.g. e.g. RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 307 1 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 307 2 man man NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 307 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 307 4 sg sg UH en-wikipedia-org-1664 307 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 307 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 308 1 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 308 2 all all DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 308 3 men man NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 308 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 308 5 pl pl NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 308 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 308 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 308 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 309 1 Determiners determiner NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 309 2 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1664 309 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 309 4 first first JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 309 5 constituents constituent NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 309 6 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 309 7 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 309 8 noun noun JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 309 9 phrase phrase NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 309 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 310 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 310 2 179 179 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 310 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 310 4 Adjectives adjective NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 310 5 Adjectives adjective NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 310 6 modify modify VBP en-wikipedia-org-1664 310 7 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 310 8 noun noun NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 310 9 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 310 10 providing provide VBG en-wikipedia-org-1664 310 11 additional additional JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 310 12 information information NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 310 13 about about IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 310 14 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1664 310 15 referents referent NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 310 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 311 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 311 2 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 311 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 311 4 adjectives adjective NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 311 5 come come VBP en-wikipedia-org-1664 311 6 before before IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 311 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 311 8 nouns noun NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 311 9 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1664 311 10 modify modify VBP en-wikipedia-org-1664 311 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 311 12 after after IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 311 13 determiners determiner NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 311 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 312 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 312 2 180 180 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 312 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 312 4 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 312 5 Modern Modern NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 312 6 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 312 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 312 8 adjectives adjective NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 312 9 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1664 312 10 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 312 11 inflected inflect VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 312 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 312 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 312 14 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1664 312 15 do do VBP en-wikipedia-org-1664 312 16 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 312 17 agree agree VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 312 18 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 312 19 form form NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 312 20 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 312 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 312 22 noun noun NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 312 23 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1664 312 24 modify modify VBP en-wikipedia-org-1664 312 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 312 26 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 312 27 adjectives adjective NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 312 28 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 312 29 most most JJS en-wikipedia-org-1664 312 30 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 312 31 Indo indo JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 312 32 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 312 33 European european JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 312 34 languages language NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 312 35 do do VBP en-wikipedia-org-1664 312 36 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 313 1 For for IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 313 2 example example NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 313 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 313 4 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 313 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 313 6 phrases phrase NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 313 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 313 8 slender slender NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 313 9 boy boy NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 313 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 313 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 313 12 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 313 13 slender slend JJR en-wikipedia-org-1664 313 14 girls girl NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 313 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 313 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 313 17 adjective adjective JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 313 18 slender slender NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 313 19 does do VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 313 20 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 313 21 change change VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 313 22 form form NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 313 23 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1664 313 24 agree agree VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 313 25 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 313 26 either either CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 313 27 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 313 28 number number NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 313 29 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 313 30 gender gender NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 313 31 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 313 32 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 313 33 noun noun NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 313 34 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 314 1 Some some DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 314 2 adjectives adjective NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 314 3 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1664 314 4 inflected inflect VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 314 5 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 314 6 degree degree NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 314 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 314 8 comparison comparison NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 314 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 314 10 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 314 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 314 12 positive positive JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 314 13 degree degree NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 314 14 unmarked unmarke VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 314 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 314 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 314 17 suffix suffix NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 314 18 -er -er : en-wikipedia-org-1664 314 19 marking mark VBG en-wikipedia-org-1664 314 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 314 21 comparative comparative JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 314 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 314 23 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 314 24 -est -est : en-wikipedia-org-1664 314 25 marking mark VBG en-wikipedia-org-1664 314 26 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 314 27 superlative superlative NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 314 28 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1664 314 29 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 314 30 small small JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 314 31 boy boy NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 314 32 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 314 33 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 314 34 boy boy NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 314 35 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 314 36 smaller small JJR en-wikipedia-org-1664 314 37 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 314 38 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 314 39 girl girl NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 314 40 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 314 41 that that DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 314 42 boy boy NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 314 43 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 314 44 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 314 45 smallest small JJS en-wikipedia-org-1664 314 46 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 315 1 Some some DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 315 2 adjectives adjective NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 315 3 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-1664 315 4 irregular irregular JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 315 5 comparative comparative JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 315 6 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 315 7 superlative superlative JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 315 8 forms form NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 315 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 315 10 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 315 11 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 315 12 good good JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 315 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 315 14 better well JJR en-wikipedia-org-1664 315 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 315 16 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 315 17 best good JJS en-wikipedia-org-1664 315 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 316 1 Other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 316 2 adjectives adjective NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 316 3 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-1664 316 4 comparatives comparative NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 316 5 formed form VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 316 6 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 316 7 periphrastic periphrastic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 316 8 constructions construction NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 316 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 316 10 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 316 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 316 12 adverb adverb NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 316 13 more more JJR en-wikipedia-org-1664 316 14 marking mark VBG en-wikipedia-org-1664 316 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 316 16 comparative comparative NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 316 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 316 18 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 316 19 most most RBS en-wikipedia-org-1664 316 20 marking mark VBG en-wikipedia-org-1664 316 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 316 22 superlative superlative NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 316 23 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1664 316 24 happier happy JJR en-wikipedia-org-1664 316 25 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 316 26 more more RBR en-wikipedia-org-1664 316 27 happy happy JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 316 28 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 316 29 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 316 30 happiest happy JJS en-wikipedia-org-1664 316 31 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 316 32 most most RBS en-wikipedia-org-1664 316 33 happy happy JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 316 34 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 317 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 317 2 181 181 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 317 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 317 4 There there EX en-wikipedia-org-1664 317 5 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 317 6 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 317 7 variation variation NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 317 8 among among IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 317 9 speakers speaker NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 317 10 regarding regard VBG en-wikipedia-org-1664 317 11 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1664 317 12 adjectives adjective NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 317 13 use use VBP en-wikipedia-org-1664 317 14 inflected inflected JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 317 15 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 317 16 periphrastic periphrastic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 317 17 comparison comparison NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 317 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 317 19 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 317 20 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 317 21 studies study NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 317 22 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-1664 317 23 shown show VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 317 24 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 317 25 tendency tendency NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 317 26 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 317 27 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 317 28 periphrastic periphrastic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 317 29 forms form NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 317 30 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1664 317 31 become become VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 317 32 more more RBR en-wikipedia-org-1664 317 33 common common JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 317 34 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 317 35 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 317 36 expense expense NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 317 37 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 317 38 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 317 39 inflected inflect VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 317 40 form form NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 317 41 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 318 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 318 2 182 182 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 318 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 318 4 Pronouns pronoun NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 318 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 318 6 case case NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 318 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 318 8 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 318 9 person person NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 318 10 English english JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 318 11 pronouns pronoun NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 318 12 conserve conserve VBP en-wikipedia-org-1664 318 13 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 318 14 traits trait NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 318 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 318 16 case case NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 318 17 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 318 18 gender gender NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 318 19 inflection inflection NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 318 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 319 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 319 2 personal personal JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 319 3 pronouns pronoun NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 319 4 retain retain VBP en-wikipedia-org-1664 319 5 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 319 6 difference difference NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 319 7 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 319 8 subjective subjective JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 319 9 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 319 10 objective objective JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 319 11 case case NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 319 12 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 319 13 most most JJS en-wikipedia-org-1664 319 14 persons person NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 319 15 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 319 16 I i NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 319 17 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-1664 319 18 me -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1664 319 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 319 20 he -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1664 319 21 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-1664 319 22 him -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1664 319 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 319 24 she -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1664 319 25 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-1664 319 26 her -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1664 319 27 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 319 28 we -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1664 319 29 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-1664 319 30 us -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1664 319 31 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 319 32 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1664 319 33 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-1664 319 34 them -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1664 319 35 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 319 36 as as RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 319 37 well well RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 319 38 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 319 39 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 319 40 gender gender NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 319 41 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 319 42 animateness animateness NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 319 43 distinction distinction NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 319 44 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 319 45 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 319 46 third third JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 319 47 person person NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 319 48 singular singular JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 319 49 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 319 50 distinguishing distinguish VBG en-wikipedia-org-1664 319 51 he -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1664 319 52 / / CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 319 53 she -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1664 319 54 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-1664 319 55 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1664 319 56 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 319 57 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 320 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 320 2 subjective subjective JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 320 3 case case NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 320 4 corresponds correspond VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 320 5 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 320 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 320 7 Old Old NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 320 8 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 320 9 nominative nominative JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 320 10 case case NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 320 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 320 12 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 320 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 320 14 objective objective JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 320 15 case case NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 320 16 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 320 17 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 320 18 both both CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 320 19 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 320 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 320 21 sense sense NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 320 22 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 320 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 320 24 previous previous JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 320 25 accusative accusative NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 320 26 case case NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 320 27 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 320 28 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 320 29 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 320 30 role role NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 320 31 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 320 32 patient patient JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 320 33 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 320 34 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 320 35 direct direct JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 320 36 object object NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 320 37 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 320 38 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 320 39 transitive transitive JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 320 40 verb verb NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 320 41 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 320 42 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 320 43 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 320 44 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 320 45 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 320 46 sense sense NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 320 47 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 320 48 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 320 49 Old Old NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 320 50 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 320 51 dative dative NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 320 52 case case NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 320 53 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 320 54 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 320 55 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 320 56 role role NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 320 57 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 320 58 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 320 59 recipient recipient JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 320 60 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 320 61 indirect indirect JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 320 62 object object NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 320 63 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 320 64 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 320 65 transitive transitive JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 320 66 verb verb NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 320 67 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 320 68 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 321 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 321 2 183][184 183][184 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 321 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 321 4 Subjective subjective JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 321 5 case case NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 321 6 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 321 7 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 321 8 when when WRB en-wikipedia-org-1664 321 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 321 10 pronoun pronoun NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 321 11 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 321 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 321 13 subject subject NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 321 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 321 15 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 321 16 finite finite JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 321 17 clause clause NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 321 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 321 19 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 321 20 otherwise otherwise RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 321 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 321 22 the the DT 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2002 2002 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 322 42 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 322 43 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 322 44 retain retain VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 322 45 traditional traditional JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 322 46 labels label NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 322 47 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 322 48 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 322 49 cases case NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 322 50 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 322 51 calling call VBG en-wikipedia-org-1664 322 52 them -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1664 322 53 nominative nominative JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 322 54 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 322 55 accusative accusative JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 322 56 cases case NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 322 57 respectively respectively RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 322 58 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 323 1 Possessive possessive JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 323 2 pronouns pronoun NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 323 3 exist exist VBP en-wikipedia-org-1664 323 4 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 323 5 dependent dependent 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en-wikipedia-org-1664 326 37 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 326 38 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 327 1 English english JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 327 2 personal personal JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 327 3 pronouns pronoun NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 327 4 Person person NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 327 5 Subjective subjective JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 327 6 case case NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 327 7 Objective objective JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 327 8 case case NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 327 9 Dependent dependent JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 327 10 possessive possessive JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 327 11 Independent Independent NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 327 12 possessive possessive JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 327 13 Reflexive Reflexive NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 327 14 1st 1st NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 327 15 p. p. 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NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 332 8 pl pl NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 332 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 333 1 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1664 333 2 them -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1664 333 3 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1664 333 4 theirs -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1664 333 5 themselves -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1664 333 6 Pronouns pronoun NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 333 7 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1664 333 8 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 333 9 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1664 333 10 refer refer VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 333 11 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 333 12 entities entity NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 333 13 deictically deictically RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 333 14 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 333 15 anaphorically anaphorically RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 333 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 334 1 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 334 2 deictic deictic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 334 3 pronoun pronoun NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 334 4 points point NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 334 5 to to 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en-wikipedia-org-1664 334 29 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 334 30 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 334 31 pronoun pronoun NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 334 32 you -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1664 334 33 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 334 34 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 334 35 addressee addressee NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 334 36 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 335 1 Anaphoric anaphoric JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 335 2 pronouns pronoun NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 335 3 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 335 4 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 335 5 that that DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 335 6 refer refer VBP en-wikipedia-org-1664 335 7 back back RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 335 8 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 335 9 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 335 10 entity entity NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 335 11 already already RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 335 12 mentioned mention VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 335 13 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 335 14 assumed assume VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 335 15 by by IN 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en-wikipedia-org-1664 337 9 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1664 337 10 she -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1664 337 11 braced brace VBD en-wikipedia-org-1664 337 12 herself -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1664 337 13 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 337 14 impact impact NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 337 15 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1664 337 16 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 337 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 338 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 338 2 189 189 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 338 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 338 4 Prepositions preposition NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 338 5 Prepositional Prepositional NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 338 6 phrases phrase NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 338 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 338 8 PP PP NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 338 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 338 10 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1664 338 11 phrases phrase NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 338 12 composed compose VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 338 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 338 14 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 338 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en-wikipedia-org-1664 340 4 Prepositions preposition NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 340 5 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-1664 340 6 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 340 7 wide wide JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 340 8 range range NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 340 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 340 10 uses use NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 340 11 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 340 12 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 340 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 341 1 They -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1664 341 2 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1664 341 3 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 341 4 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1664 341 5 describe describe VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 341 6 movement movement NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 341 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 341 8 place place NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 341 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 341 10 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 341 11 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 341 12 relations relation NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 341 13 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 341 14 different different JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 341 15 entities entity NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 341 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 341 17 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 341 18 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1664 341 19 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 341 20 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-1664 341 21 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 341 22 syntactic syntactic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 341 23 uses use NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 341 24 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 341 25 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 341 26 introducing introduce VBG en-wikipedia-org-1664 341 27 complement complement NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 341 28 clauses clause NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 341 29 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 341 30 oblique oblique JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 341 31 arguments argument NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 341 32 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 341 33 verbs verb NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 341 34 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 342 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 342 2 190 190 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 342 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 342 4 For for IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 342 5 example example NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 342 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 342 7 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 342 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 342 9 phrase phrase NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 342 10 I -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1664 342 11 gave give VBD en-wikipedia-org-1664 342 12 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1664 342 13 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 342 14 him -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1664 342 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 342 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 342 17 preposition preposition NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 342 18 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1664 342 19 marks mark VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 342 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 342 21 recipient recipient NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 342 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 342 23 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 342 24 Indirect Indirect NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 342 25 Object Object NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 342 26 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 342 27 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 342 28 verb verb NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 342 29 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1664 342 30 give give VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 342 31 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 343 1 Traditionally traditionally RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 343 2 words word NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 343 3 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1664 343 4 only only RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 343 5 considered consider VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 343 6 prepositions preposition NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 343 7 if if IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 343 8 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1664 343 9 governed govern VBD en-wikipedia-org-1664 343 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 343 11 case case NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 343 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 343 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 343 14 noun noun NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 343 15 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1664 343 16 preceded precede VBD en-wikipedia-org-1664 343 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 343 18 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 343 19 example example NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 343 20 causing cause VBG en-wikipedia-org-1664 343 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 343 22 pronouns pronoun NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 343 23 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1664 343 24 use use VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 343 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 343 26 objective objective NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 343 27 rather rather RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 343 28 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 343 29 subjective subjective JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 343 30 form form NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 343 31 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 343 32 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1664 343 33 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 343 34 her -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1664 343 35 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1664 343 36 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 343 37 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1664 343 38 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 343 39 me -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1664 343 40 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1664 343 41 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 343 42 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1664 343 43 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 343 44 us -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1664 343 45 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1664 343 46 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 344 1 But but CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 344 2 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 344 3 contemporary contemporary JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 344 4 grammars grammar NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 344 5 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 344 6 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 344 7 that that DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 344 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 344 9 Huddleston Huddleston NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 344 10 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 344 11 Pullum Pullum NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 344 12 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 344 13 2002:598–600 2002:598–600 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 344 14 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 344 15 no no RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 344 16 longer longer RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 344 17 consider consider VBP en-wikipedia-org-1664 344 18 government government NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 344 19 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 344 20 case case NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 344 21 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1664 344 22 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 344 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 344 24 defining define VBG en-wikipedia-org-1664 344 25 feature feature NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 344 26 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 344 27 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 344 28 class class NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 344 29 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 344 30 prepositions preposition NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 344 31 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 344 32 rather rather RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 344 33 defining define VBG en-wikipedia-org-1664 344 34 prepositions preposition NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 344 35 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 344 36 words word NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 344 37 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-1664 344 38 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-1664 344 39 function function VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 344 40 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 344 41 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 344 42 heads head NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 344 43 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 344 44 prepositional prepositional JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 344 45 phrases phrase NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 344 46 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 345 1 Verbs verb NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 345 2 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 345 3 verb verb JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 345 4 phrases phrase NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 345 5 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 345 6 verbs verb NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 345 7 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1664 345 8 inflected inflect VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 345 9 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 345 10 tense tense JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 345 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 345 12 aspect aspect NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 345 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 345 14 marked mark VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 345 15 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 345 16 agreement agreement NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 345 17 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 345 18 present present JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 345 19 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 345 20 tense tense JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 345 21 third third JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 345 22 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 345 23 person person NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 345 24 singular singular JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 345 25 subject subject NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 345 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 346 1 Only only RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 346 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 346 3 copula copula NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 346 4 verb verb NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 346 5 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1664 346 6 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 346 7 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 346 8 still still RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 346 9 inflected inflect VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 346 10 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 346 11 agreement agreement NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 346 12 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 346 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 346 14 plural plural JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 346 15 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 346 16 first first JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 346 17 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 346 18 second second JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 346 19 person person NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 346 20 subjects subject NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 346 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 347 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 347 2 181 181 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 347 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 347 4 Auxiliary auxiliary JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 347 5 verbs verb NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 347 6 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 347 7 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 347 8 have have VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 347 9 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 347 10 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 347 11 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1664 347 12 paired pair VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 347 13 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 347 14 verbs verb NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 347 15 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 347 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 347 17 infinitive infinitive NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 347 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 347 19 past past JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 347 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 347 21 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 347 22 progressive progressive JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 347 23 forms form NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 347 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 348 1 They -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1664 348 2 form form VBP en-wikipedia-org-1664 348 3 complex complex JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 348 4 tenses tense NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 348 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 348 6 aspects aspect NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 348 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 348 8 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 348 9 moods mood NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 348 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 349 1 Auxiliary auxiliary JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 349 2 verbs verb NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 349 3 differ differ VBP en-wikipedia-org-1664 349 4 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 349 5 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 349 6 verbs verb NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 349 7 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 349 8 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 349 9 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1664 349 10 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-1664 349 11 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 349 12 followed follow VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 349 13 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 349 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 349 15 negation negation NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 349 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 349 17 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 349 18 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 349 19 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 349 20 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1664 349 21 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-1664 349 22 occur occur VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 349 23 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 349 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 349 25 first first JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 349 26 constituent constituent NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 349 27 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 349 28 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 349 29 question question NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 349 30 sentence sentence NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 349 31 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 350 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 350 2 191][192 191][192 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 350 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 350 4 Most Most JJS en-wikipedia-org-1664 350 5 verbs verb NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 350 6 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-1664 350 7 six six CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 350 8 inflectional inflectional JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 350 9 forms form NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 350 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 351 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 351 2 primary primary JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 351 3 forms form NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 351 4 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1664 351 5 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 351 6 plain plain JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 351 7 present present NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 351 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 351 9 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 351 10 third third JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 351 11 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 351 12 person person NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 351 13 singular singular JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 351 14 present present NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 351 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 351 16 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 351 17 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 351 18 preterite preterite NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 351 19 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 351 20 past past NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 351 21 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 351 22 form form NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 351 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 352 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 352 2 secondary secondary JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 352 3 forms form NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 352 4 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1664 352 5 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 352 6 plain plain JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 352 7 form form NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 352 8 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 352 9 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 352 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 352 11 infinitive infinitive NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 352 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 352 13 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 352 14 gerund gerund NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 352 15 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 352 16 participle participle NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 352 17 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 352 18 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 352 19 past past JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 352 20 participle participle NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 352 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 353 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 353 2 193 193 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 353 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 353 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 353 5 copula copula NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 353 6 verb verb NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 353 7 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1664 353 8 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 353 9 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 353 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 353 11 only only JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 353 12 verb verb NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 353 13 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1664 353 14 retain retain VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 353 15 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 353 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 353 17 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1664 353 18 original original JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 353 19 conjugation conjugation NN 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third third JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 354 14 person person NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 354 15 singular singular JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 354 16 form form NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 354 17 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 354 18 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 354 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 354 20 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 354 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 354 22 form form NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 354 23 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1664 354 24 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 354 25 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 354 26 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 354 27 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 354 28 second second JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 354 29 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 354 30 person person NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 354 31 singular singular JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 354 32 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 354 33 all all DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 354 34 three three CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 354 35 plurals plural NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 354 36 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 355 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 355 2 only only JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 355 3 verb verb JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 355 4 past past JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 355 5 participle participle NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 355 6 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 355 7 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 355 8 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 355 9 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1664 355 10 gerund gerund NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 355 11 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 355 12 participle participle NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 355 13 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 355 14 being be VBG en-wikipedia-org-1664 355 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 356 1 English english JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 356 2 inflectional inflectional JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 356 3 forms form NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 356 4 Inflection Inflection NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 356 5 Strong Strong NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 356 6 Regular Regular NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 356 7 Plain Plain NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 356 8 present present JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 356 9 take take VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 356 10 love love NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 356 11 3rd 3rd JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 356 12 person person NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 356 13 sg sg NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 356 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 357 1 present present JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 357 2 takes take VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 357 3 loves love VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 357 4 Preterite Preterite NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 357 5 took take VBD en-wikipedia-org-1664 357 6 loved love VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 357 7 Plain Plain NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 357 8 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 357 9 infinitive infinitive JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 357 10 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 357 11 take take VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 357 12 love love NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 357 13 Gerund Gerund NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 357 14 – – : en-wikipedia-org-1664 357 15 participle participle NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 357 16 taking take VBG en-wikipedia-org-1664 357 17 loving love VBG en-wikipedia-org-1664 357 18 Past Past NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 357 19 participle participle NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 357 20 taken take VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 357 21 loved love VBD en-wikipedia-org-1664 357 22 Tense Tense NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 357 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 357 24 aspect aspect NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 357 25 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 357 26 mood mood NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 357 27 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 357 28 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 357 29 two two CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 357 30 primary primary JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 357 31 tenses tense NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 357 32 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 357 33 past past JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 357 34 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 357 35 preterit preterit NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 357 36 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 357 37 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 357 38 non non JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 357 39 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 357 40 past past JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 357 41 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 358 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 358 2 preterit preterit NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 358 3 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 358 4 inflected inflect VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 358 5 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 358 6 using use VBG en-wikipedia-org-1664 358 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 358 8 preterit preterit NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 358 9 form form NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 358 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 358 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 358 12 verb verb NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 358 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 358 14 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1664 358 15 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 358 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 358 17 regular regular JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 358 18 verbs verb NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 358 19 includes include VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 358 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 358 21 suffix suffix NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 358 22 -ed -ed : en-wikipedia-org-1664 358 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 358 24 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 358 25 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 358 26 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 358 27 strong strong JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 358 28 verbs verb NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 358 29 either either CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 358 30 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 358 31 suffix suffix NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 358 32 -t -t : en-wikipedia-org-1664 358 33 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 358 34 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 358 35 change change NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 358 36 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 358 37 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 358 38 stem stem NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 358 39 vowel vowel NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 358 40 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 359 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 359 2 non non JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 359 3 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 359 4 past past JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 359 5 form form NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 359 6 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 359 7 unmarked unmarked JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 359 8 except except IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 359 9 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 359 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 359 11 third third JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 359 12 person person NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 359 13 singular singular NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 359 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 359 15 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1664 359 16 takes take VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 359 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 359 18 suffix suffix NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 359 19 -s.[191 -s.[191 . en-wikipedia-org-1664 359 20 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 359 21 Present Present NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 359 22 Preterite Preterite NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 359 23 First first JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 359 24 person person NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 359 25 I -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1664 359 26 run run VBP en-wikipedia-org-1664 359 27 I -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1664 359 28 ran run VBD en-wikipedia-org-1664 359 29 Second second JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 359 30 person person NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 359 31 You -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1664 359 32 run run VBP en-wikipedia-org-1664 359 33 You -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1664 359 34 ran run VBD en-wikipedia-org-1664 359 35 Third third JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 359 36 person person NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 359 37 John John NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 359 38 runs run VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 359 39 John John NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 359 40 ran run VBD en-wikipedia-org-1664 359 41 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 359 42 does do VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 359 43 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 359 44 have have VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 359 45 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 359 46 morphologised morphologise VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 359 47 future future JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 359 48 tense tense NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 359 49 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 360 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 360 2 194 194 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 360 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 360 4 Futurity futurity NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 360 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 360 6 action action NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 360 7 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 360 8 expressed express VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 360 9 periphrastically periphrastically RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 360 10 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 360 11 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 360 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 360 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 360 14 auxiliary auxiliary JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 360 15 verbs verb NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 360 16 will will MD en-wikipedia-org-1664 360 17 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 360 18 shall shall VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 360 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 361 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 361 2 195 195 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 361 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 361 4 Many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 361 5 varieties variety NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 361 6 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 361 7 use use VBP en-wikipedia-org-1664 361 8 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 361 9 near near JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 361 10 future future NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 361 11 constructed construct VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 361 12 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 361 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 361 14 phrasal phrasal JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 361 15 verb verb NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 361 16 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 361 17 going go VBG en-wikipedia-org-1664 361 18 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 361 19 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 361 20 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1664 361 21 going go VBG en-wikipedia-org-1664 361 22 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 361 23 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1664 361 24 future future NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 361 25 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1664 361 26 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 361 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 362 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 362 2 196 196 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 362 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 362 4 Future future JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 362 5 First first JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 362 6 person person NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 362 7 I -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1664 362 8 will will MD en-wikipedia-org-1664 362 9 run run VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 362 10 Second second JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 362 11 person person NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 362 12 You -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1664 362 13 will will MD en-wikipedia-org-1664 362 14 run run VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 362 15 Third third JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 362 16 person person NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 362 17 John John NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 362 18 will will MD en-wikipedia-org-1664 362 19 run run VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 362 20 Further further JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 362 21 aspectual aspectual JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 362 22 distinctions distinction NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 362 23 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1664 362 24 encoded encode VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 362 25 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 362 26 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 362 27 use use NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 362 28 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 362 29 auxiliary auxiliary JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 362 30 verbs verb NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 362 31 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 362 32 primarily primarily RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 362 33 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-1664 362 34 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 362 35 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 362 36 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 362 37 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1664 362 38 encode encode VBP en-wikipedia-org-1664 362 39 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 362 40 contrast contrast NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 362 41 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 362 42 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 362 43 perfect perfect JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 362 44 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 362 45 non non JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 362 46 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 362 47 perfect perfect JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 362 48 past past JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 362 49 tense tense NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 362 50 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 362 51 I -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1664 362 52 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-1664 362 53 run run VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 362 54 vs. vs. IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 363 1 I -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1664 363 2 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1664 363 3 running run VBG en-wikipedia-org-1664 363 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 363 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 363 6 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 363 7 compound compound NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 363 8 tenses tense NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 363 9 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 363 10 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 363 11 preterite preterite NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 363 12 perfect perfect JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 363 13 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 363 14 I -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1664 363 15 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-1664 363 16 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 363 17 running run VBG en-wikipedia-org-1664 363 18 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 363 19 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 363 20 present present JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 363 21 perfect perfect JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 363 22 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 363 23 I -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1664 363 24 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-1664 363 25 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 363 26 running run VBG en-wikipedia-org-1664 363 27 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 363 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 364 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 364 2 197 197 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 364 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 364 4 For for IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 364 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 364 6 expression expression NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 364 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 364 8 mood mood NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 364 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 364 10 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 364 11 uses use VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 364 12 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 364 13 number number NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 364 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 364 15 modal modal NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 364 16 auxiliaries auxiliary NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 364 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 364 18 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 364 19 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 364 20 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-1664 364 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 364 22 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-1664 364 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 364 24 will will MD en-wikipedia-org-1664 364 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 364 26 shall shall MD en-wikipedia-org-1664 364 27 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 364 28 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 364 29 past past JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 364 30 tense tense JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 364 31 forms form NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 364 32 could could MD en-wikipedia-org-1664 364 33 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 364 34 might may MD en-wikipedia-org-1664 364 35 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 364 36 would would MD en-wikipedia-org-1664 364 37 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 364 38 should should MD en-wikipedia-org-1664 364 39 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 365 1 There there EX en-wikipedia-org-1664 365 2 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 365 3 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 365 4 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 365 5 subjunctive subjunctive NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 365 6 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 365 7 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 365 8 imperative imperative JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 365 9 mood mood NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 365 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 365 11 both both DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 365 12 based base VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 365 13 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 365 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 365 15 plain plain JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 365 16 form form NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 365 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 365 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 365 19 verb verb NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 365 20 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 365 21 i.e. i.e. FW en-wikipedia-org-1664 366 1 without without IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 366 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 366 3 third third JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 366 4 person person NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 366 5 singular singular JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 366 6 -s -s , en-wikipedia-org-1664 366 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 366 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 366 9 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 366 10 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1664 366 11 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 366 12 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 366 13 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 366 14 subordinate subordinate JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 366 15 clauses clause NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 366 16 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 366 17 e.g. e.g. RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 367 1 subjunctive subjunctive NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 367 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1664 367 3 It -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1664 367 4 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 367 5 important important JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 367 6 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 367 7 he -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1664 367 8 run run VBD en-wikipedia-org-1664 367 9 every every DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 367 10 day day NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 367 11 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1664 367 12 imperative imperative JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 367 13 Run Run NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 367 14 ! ! . en-wikipedia-org-1664 367 15 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 367 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 368 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 368 2 195 195 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 368 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 368 4 An an DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 368 5 infinitive infinitive JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 368 6 form form NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 368 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 368 8 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-1664 368 9 uses use VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 368 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 368 11 plain plain JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 368 12 form form NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 368 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 368 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 368 15 verb verb NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 368 16 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 368 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 368 18 preposition preposition NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 368 19 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1664 368 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 368 21 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 368 22 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 368 23 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 368 24 verbal verbal JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 368 25 clauses clause NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 368 26 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-1664 368 27 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1664 368 28 syntactically syntactically RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 368 29 subordinate subordinate JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 368 30 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 368 31 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 368 32 finite finite JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 368 33 verbal verbal JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 368 34 clause clause NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 368 35 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 369 1 Finite finite JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 369 2 verbal verbal JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 369 3 clauses clause NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 369 4 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1664 369 5 those those DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 369 6 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-1664 369 7 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1664 369 8 formed form VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 369 9 around around IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 369 10 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 369 11 verb verb NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 369 12 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 369 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 369 14 present present NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 369 15 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 369 16 preterit preterit NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 369 17 form form NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 369 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 370 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 370 2 clauses clause NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 370 3 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 370 4 auxiliary auxiliary JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 370 5 verbs verb NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 370 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 370 7 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1664 370 8 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1664 370 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 370 10 finite finite NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 370 11 verbs verb NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 370 12 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 370 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 370 14 main main JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 370 15 verb verb NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 370 16 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 370 17 treated treat VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 370 18 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 370 19 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 370 20 subordinate subordinate JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 370 21 clause clause NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 370 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 371 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 371 2 198 198 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 371 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 371 4 For for IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 371 5 example example NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 371 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 371 7 he -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1664 371 8 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 371 9 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1664 371 10 go go VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 371 11 where where WRB en-wikipedia-org-1664 371 12 only only RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 371 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 371 14 auxiliary auxiliary JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 371 15 verb verb NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 371 16 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-1664 371 17 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 371 18 inflected inflect VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 371 19 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 371 20 time time NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 371 21 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 371 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 371 23 main main JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 371 24 verb verb NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 371 25 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1664 371 26 go go VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 371 27 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 371 28 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 371 29 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 371 30 infinitive infinitive NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 371 31 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 371 32 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 371 33 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 371 34 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 371 35 complement complement NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 371 36 clause clause NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 371 37 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 371 38 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 371 39 I -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1664 371 40 saw see VBD en-wikipedia-org-1664 371 41 him -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1664 371 42 leave leave VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 371 43 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 371 44 where where WRB en-wikipedia-org-1664 371 45 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 371 46 main main JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 371 47 verb verb NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 371 48 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 371 49 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1664 371 50 see see VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 371 51 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1664 371 52 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 371 53 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 371 54 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 371 55 preterite preterite JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 371 56 form form NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 371 57 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 371 58 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 371 59 leave leave VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 371 60 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 371 61 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 371 62 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 371 63 infinitive infinitive NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 371 64 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 372 1 Phrasal Phrasal NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 372 2 verbs verbs NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 372 3 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 372 4 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 372 5 makes make VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 372 6 frequent frequent JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 372 7 use use NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 372 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 372 9 constructions construction NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 372 10 traditionally traditionally RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 372 11 called call VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 372 12 phrasal phrasal JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 372 13 verbs verb NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 372 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 372 15 verb verb JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 372 16 phrases phrase NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 372 17 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-1664 372 18 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1664 372 19 made make VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 372 20 up up RP en-wikipedia-org-1664 372 21 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 372 22 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 372 23 verb verb JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 372 24 root root NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 372 25 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 372 26 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 372 27 preposition preposition NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 372 28 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 372 29 particle particle NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 372 30 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1664 372 31 follows follow VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 372 32 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 372 33 verb verb NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 372 34 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 373 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 373 2 phrase phrase NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 373 3 then then RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 373 4 functions function VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 373 5 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 373 6 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 373 7 single single JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 373 8 predicate predicate NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 373 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 374 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 374 2 terms term NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 374 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 374 4 intonation intonation NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 374 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 374 6 preposition preposition NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 374 7 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 374 8 fused fuse VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 374 9 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 374 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 374 11 verb verb NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 374 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 374 13 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 374 14 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 374 15 writing write VBG en-wikipedia-org-1664 374 16 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1664 374 17 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 374 18 written write VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 374 19 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 374 20 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 374 21 separate separate JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 374 22 word word NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 374 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 375 1 Examples example NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 375 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 375 3 phrasal phrasal JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 375 4 verbs verb NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 375 5 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1664 375 6 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1664 375 7 get get VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 375 8 up up RP en-wikipedia-org-1664 375 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 375 10 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1664 375 11 ask ask VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 375 12 out out RP en-wikipedia-org-1664 375 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 375 14 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1664 375 15 back back VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 375 16 up up RP en-wikipedia-org-1664 375 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 375 18 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1664 375 19 give give VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 375 20 up up RP en-wikipedia-org-1664 375 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 375 22 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1664 375 23 get get VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 375 24 together together RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 375 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 375 26 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1664 375 27 hang hang VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 375 28 out out RP en-wikipedia-org-1664 375 29 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 375 30 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1664 375 31 put put VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 375 32 up up RP en-wikipedia-org-1664 375 33 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 375 34 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 375 35 etc etc FW en-wikipedia-org-1664 375 36 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 376 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 376 2 phrasal phrasal JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 376 3 verb verb NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 376 4 frequently frequently RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 376 5 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 376 6 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 376 7 highly highly RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 376 8 idiomatic idiomatic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 376 9 meaning meaning NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 376 10 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-1664 376 11 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 376 12 more more RBR en-wikipedia-org-1664 376 13 specialised specialised JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 376 14 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 376 15 restricted restrict VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 376 16 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 376 17 what what WP en-wikipedia-org-1664 376 18 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-1664 376 19 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 376 20 simply simply RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 376 21 extrapolated extrapolate VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 376 22 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 376 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 376 24 combination combination NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 376 25 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 376 26 verb verb NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 376 27 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 376 28 preposition preposition NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 376 29 complement complement NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 376 30 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 376 31 e.g. e.g. RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 377 1 lay lie VBD en-wikipedia-org-1664 377 2 off off RP en-wikipedia-org-1664 377 3 meaning meaning NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 377 4 terminate terminate NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 377 5 someone someone NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 377 6 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-1664 377 7 employment employment NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 377 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 377 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 378 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 378 2 199 199 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 378 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 378 4 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 378 5 spite spite NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 378 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 378 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 378 8 idiomatic idiomatic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 378 9 meaning meaning NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 378 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 378 11 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 378 12 grammarians grammarian NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 378 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 378 14 including include VBG en-wikipedia-org-1664 378 15 Huddleston Huddleston NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 378 16 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 378 17 Pullum Pullum NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 378 18 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 378 19 2002:274 2002:274 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 378 20 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 378 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 378 22 do do VBP en-wikipedia-org-1664 378 23 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 378 24 consider consider VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 378 25 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 378 26 type type NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 378 27 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 378 28 construction construction NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 378 29 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1664 378 30 form form VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 378 31 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 378 32 syntactic syntactic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 378 33 constituent constituent NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 378 34 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 378 35 hence hence RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 378 36 refrain refrain VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 378 37 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 378 38 using use VBG en-wikipedia-org-1664 378 39 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 378 40 term term NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 378 41 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1664 378 42 phrasal phrasal JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 378 43 verb verb NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 378 44 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1664 378 45 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 379 1 Instead instead RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 379 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 379 3 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1664 379 4 consider consider VBP en-wikipedia-org-1664 379 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 379 6 construction construction NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 379 7 simply simply RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 379 8 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1664 379 9 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 379 10 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 379 11 verb verb NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 379 12 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 379 13 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 379 14 prepositional prepositional JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 379 15 phrase phrase NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 379 16 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 379 17 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1664 379 18 syntactic syntactic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 379 19 complement complement NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 379 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 379 21 i.e. i.e. FW en-wikipedia-org-1664 380 1 he -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1664 380 2 woke wake VBD en-wikipedia-org-1664 380 3 up up RP en-wikipedia-org-1664 380 4 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 380 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 380 6 morning morning NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 380 7 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 380 8 he -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1664 380 9 ran run VBD en-wikipedia-org-1664 380 10 up up RP en-wikipedia-org-1664 380 11 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 380 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 380 13 mountains mountain NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 380 14 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1664 380 15 syntactically syntactically RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 380 16 equivalent equivalent JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 380 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 381 1 Adverbs Adverbs NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 381 2 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 381 3 function function NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 381 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 381 5 adverbs adverb NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 381 6 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 381 7 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1664 381 8 modify modify VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 381 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 381 10 action action NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 381 11 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 381 12 event event NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 381 13 described describe VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 381 14 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 381 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 381 16 verb verb NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 381 17 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 381 18 providing provide VBG en-wikipedia-org-1664 381 19 additional additional JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 381 20 information information NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 381 21 about about IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 381 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 381 23 manner manner NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 381 24 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 381 25 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1664 381 26 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1664 381 27 occurs occur VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 381 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 382 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 382 2 173 173 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 382 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 382 4 Many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 382 5 adverbs adverb NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 382 6 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1664 382 7 derived derive VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 382 8 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 382 9 adjectives adjective NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 382 10 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 382 11 appending append VBG en-wikipedia-org-1664 382 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 382 13 suffix suffix NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 382 14 -ly -ly . en-wikipedia-org-1664 382 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 383 1 For for IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 383 2 example example NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 383 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 383 4 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 383 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 383 6 phrase phrase NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 383 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 383 8 woman woman NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 383 9 walked walk VBD en-wikipedia-org-1664 383 10 quickly quickly RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 383 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 383 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 383 13 adverb adverb NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 383 14 quickly quickly RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 383 15 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 383 16 derived derive VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 383 17 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 383 18 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 383 19 way way NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 383 20 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 383 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 383 22 adjective adjective JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 383 23 quick quick JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 383 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 384 1 Some some DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 384 2 commonly commonly RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 384 3 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 384 4 adjectives adjective NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 384 5 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-1664 384 6 irregular irregular JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 384 7 adverbial adverbial JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 384 8 forms form NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 384 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 384 10 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 384 11 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 384 12 good good JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 384 13 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1664 384 14 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 384 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 384 16 adverbial adverbial JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 384 17 form form NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 384 18 well well RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 384 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 385 1 Syntax Syntax NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 385 2 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 385 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 385 4 English english JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 385 5 sentence sentence NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 385 6 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 385 7 cat cat NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 385 8 sat sit VBD en-wikipedia-org-1664 385 9 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 385 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 385 11 mat mat NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 385 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 385 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 385 14 subject subject NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 385 15 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 385 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 385 17 cat cat NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 385 18 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 385 19 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 385 20 noun noun NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 385 21 phrase phrase NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 385 22 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 385 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 385 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 385 25 verb verb NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 385 26 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 385 27 sat sit VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 385 28 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 385 29 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 385 30 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 385 31 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 385 32 mat mat NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 385 33 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 385 34 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 385 35 prepositional prepositional JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 385 36 phrase phrase NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 385 37 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 385 38 composed compose VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 385 39 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 385 40 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 385 41 noun noun NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 385 42 phrase phrase NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 385 43 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 385 44 mat mat NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 385 45 headed head VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 385 46 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 385 47 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 385 48 preposition preposition NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 385 49 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 385 50 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 385 51 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 386 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 386 2 tree tree NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 386 3 describes describe VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 386 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 386 5 structure structure NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 386 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 386 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 386 8 sentence sentence NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 386 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 387 1 Modern modern JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 387 2 English english JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 387 3 syntax syntax NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 387 4 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 387 5 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 387 6 moderately moderately RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 387 7 analytic analytic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 387 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 388 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 388 2 200 200 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 388 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 388 4 It -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1664 388 5 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 388 6 developed develop VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 388 7 features feature NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 388 8 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 388 9 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 388 10 modal modal NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 388 11 verbs verbs NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 388 12 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 388 13 word word NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 388 14 order order NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 388 15 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 388 16 resources resource NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 388 17 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 388 18 conveying convey VBG en-wikipedia-org-1664 388 19 meaning meaning NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 388 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 389 1 Auxiliary auxiliary JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 389 2 verbs verb NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 389 3 mark mark VBP en-wikipedia-org-1664 389 4 constructions construction NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 389 5 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 389 6 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 389 7 questions question NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 389 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 389 9 negative negative JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 389 10 polarity polarity NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 389 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 389 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 389 13 passive passive JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 389 14 voice voice NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 389 15 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 389 16 progressive progressive JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 389 17 aspect aspect NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 389 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 390 1 Basic basic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 390 2 constituent constituent NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 390 3 order order NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 390 4 English english JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 390 5 word word NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 390 6 order order NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 390 7 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 390 8 moved move VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 390 9 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 390 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 390 11 Germanic germanic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 390 12 verb verb NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 390 13 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 390 14 second second NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 390 15 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 390 16 V2 v2 NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 390 17 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 390 18 word word NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 390 19 order order NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 390 20 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 390 21 being be VBG en-wikipedia-org-1664 390 22 almost almost RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 390 23 exclusively exclusively RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 390 24 subject subject JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 390 25 – – : en-wikipedia-org-1664 390 26 verb verb NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 390 27 – – : en-wikipedia-org-1664 390 28 object object NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 390 29 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 390 30 SVO SVO NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 390 31 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 390 32 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 391 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 391 2 201 201 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 391 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 391 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 391 5 combination combination NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 391 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 391 7 SVO SVO NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 391 8 order order NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 391 9 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 391 10 use use NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 391 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 391 12 auxiliary auxiliary JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 391 13 verbs verb NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 391 14 often often RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 391 15 creates create VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 391 16 clusters cluster NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 391 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 391 18 two two CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 391 19 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 391 20 more more JJR en-wikipedia-org-1664 391 21 verbs verb NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 391 22 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 391 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 391 24 centre centre NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 391 25 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 391 26 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 391 27 sentence sentence NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 391 28 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 391 29 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 391 30 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 391 31 he -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1664 391 32 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-1664 391 33 hoped hope VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 391 34 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1664 391 35 try try VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 391 36 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1664 391 37 open open VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 391 38 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1664 391 39 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 392 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 392 2 most most JJS en-wikipedia-org-1664 392 3 sentences sentence NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 392 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 392 5 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 392 6 only only RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 392 7 marks mark NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 392 8 grammatical grammatical JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 392 9 relations relation NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 392 10 through through IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 392 11 word word NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 392 12 order order NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 392 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 393 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 393 2 202 202 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 393 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 393 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 393 5 subject subject JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 393 6 constituent constituent NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 393 7 precedes precede VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 393 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 393 9 verb verb NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 393 10 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 393 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 393 12 object object NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 393 13 constituent constituent NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 393 14 follows follow VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 393 15 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1664 393 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 394 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 394 2 example example NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 394 3 below below IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 394 4 demonstrates demonstrate VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 394 5 how how WRB en-wikipedia-org-1664 394 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 394 7 grammatical grammatical JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 394 8 roles role NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 394 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 394 10 each each DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 394 11 constituent constituent NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 394 12 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 394 13 marked mark VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 394 14 only only RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 394 15 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 394 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 394 17 position position NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 394 18 relative relative JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 394 19 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 394 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 394 21 verb verb NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 394 22 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1664 394 23 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 394 24 dog dog NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 394 25 bites bite VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 394 26 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 394 27 man man NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 394 28 S S NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 394 29 V v NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 394 30 O o NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 394 31 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 394 32 man man NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 394 33 bites bite VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 394 34 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 394 35 dog dog NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 394 36 S s NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 394 37 V v NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 394 38 O o NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 394 39 An an DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 394 40 exception exception NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 394 41 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 394 42 found find VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 394 43 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 394 44 sentences sentence NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 394 45 where where WRB en-wikipedia-org-1664 394 46 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 394 47 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 394 48 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 394 49 constituents constituent NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 394 50 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 394 51 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 394 52 pronoun pronoun NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 394 53 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 394 54 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 394 55 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1664 394 56 case case NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 394 57 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1664 394 58 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 394 59 doubly doubly RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 394 60 marked mark VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 394 61 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 394 62 both both CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 394 63 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 394 64 word word NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 394 65 order order NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 394 66 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 394 67 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 394 68 case case NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 394 69 inflection inflection NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 394 70 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 394 71 where where WRB en-wikipedia-org-1664 394 72 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 394 73 subject subject JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 394 74 pronoun pronoun NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 394 75 precedes precede VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 394 76 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 394 77 verb verb NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 394 78 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 394 79 takes take VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 394 80 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 394 81 subjective subjective JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 394 82 case case NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 394 83 form form NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 394 84 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 394 85 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 394 86 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 394 87 object object NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 394 88 pronoun pronoun NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 394 89 follows follow VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 394 90 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 394 91 verb verb NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 394 92 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 394 93 takes take VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 394 94 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 394 95 objective objective JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 394 96 case case NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 394 97 form form NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 394 98 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 395 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 395 2 203 203 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 395 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 395 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 395 5 example example NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 395 6 below below RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 395 7 demonstrates demonstrate VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 395 8 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 395 9 double double JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 395 10 marking marking NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 395 11 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 395 12 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 395 13 sentence sentence NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 395 14 where where WRB en-wikipedia-org-1664 395 15 both both DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 395 16 object object VBP en-wikipedia-org-1664 395 17 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 395 18 subject subject NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 395 19 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 395 20 represented represent VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 395 21 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 395 22 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 395 23 third third JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 395 24 person person NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 395 25 singular singular JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 395 26 masculine masculine JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 395 27 pronoun pronoun NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 395 28 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1664 395 29 He -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1664 395 30 hit hit VBD en-wikipedia-org-1664 395 31 him -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1664 395 32 S s NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 395 33 V v NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 395 34 O o NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 395 35 Indirect indirect JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 395 36 objects object NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 395 37 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 395 38 IO IO NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 395 39 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 395 40 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 395 41 ditransitive ditransitive JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 395 42 verbs verb NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 395 43 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-1664 395 44 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 395 45 placed place VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 395 46 either either CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 395 47 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 395 48 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 395 49 first first JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 395 50 object object NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 395 51 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 395 52 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 395 53 double double JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 395 54 object object NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 395 55 construction construction NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 395 56 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 395 57 S S NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 395 58 V v NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 395 59 IO IO NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 395 60 O o NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 395 61 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 395 62 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 395 63 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 395 64 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 395 65 I -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1664 395 66 gave give VBD en-wikipedia-org-1664 395 67 Jane Jane NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 395 68 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 395 69 book book NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 395 70 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 395 71 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 395 72 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 395 73 prepositional prepositional JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 395 74 phrase phrase NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 395 75 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 395 76 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 395 77 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 395 78 I -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1664 395 79 gave give VBD en-wikipedia-org-1664 395 80 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 395 81 book book NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 395 82 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 395 83 Jane Jane NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 395 84 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 396 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 396 2 204 204 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 396 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 396 4 Clause clause NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 396 5 syntax syntax NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 396 6 Main Main NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 396 7 article article NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 396 8 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1664 396 9 English english JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 396 10 clause clause NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 396 11 syntax syntax NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 396 12 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 396 13 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 396 14 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 396 15 sentence sentence NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 396 16 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-1664 396 17 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 396 18 composed compose VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 396 19 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 396 20 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 396 21 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 396 22 more more JJR en-wikipedia-org-1664 396 23 clauses clause NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 396 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 396 25 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-1664 396 26 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-1664 396 27 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 396 28 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 396 29 turn turn NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 396 30 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 396 31 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 396 32 composed compose VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 396 33 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 396 34 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 396 35 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 396 36 more more JJR en-wikipedia-org-1664 396 37 phrases phrase NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 396 38 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 396 39 e.g. e.g. RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 397 1 Noun Noun NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 397 2 Phrases Phrases NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 397 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 397 4 Verb Verb NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 397 5 Phrases Phrases NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 397 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 397 7 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 397 8 Prepositional Prepositional NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 397 9 Phrases Phrases NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 397 10 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 397 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 398 1 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 398 2 clause clause NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 398 3 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 398 4 built build VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 398 5 around around IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 398 6 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 398 7 verb verb NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 398 8 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 398 9 includes include VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 398 10 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1664 398 11 constituents constituent NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 398 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 398 13 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 398 14 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 398 15 any any DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 398 16 NPs NPs NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1664 398 17 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 398 18 PPs pp NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 398 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 399 1 Within within IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 399 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 399 3 sentence sentence NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 399 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 399 5 there there EX en-wikipedia-org-1664 399 6 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 399 7 always always RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 399 8 at at RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 399 9 least least RBS en-wikipedia-org-1664 399 10 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 399 11 main main JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 399 12 clause clause NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 399 13 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 399 14 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 399 15 matrix matrix VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 399 16 clause clause NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 399 17 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 399 18 whereas whereas IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 399 19 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 399 20 clauses clause NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 399 21 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1664 399 22 subordinate subordinate JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 399 23 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 399 24 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 399 25 main main JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 399 26 clause clause NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 399 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 400 1 Subordinate subordinate JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 400 2 clauses clause NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 400 3 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-1664 400 4 function function VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 400 5 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 400 6 arguments argument NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 400 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 400 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 400 9 verb verb NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 400 10 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 400 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 400 12 main main JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 400 13 clause clause NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 400 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 401 1 For for IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 401 2 example example NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 401 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 401 4 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 401 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 401 6 phrase phrase NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 401 7 I -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1664 401 8 think think VBP en-wikipedia-org-1664 401 9 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 401 10 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 401 11 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 401 12 you -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1664 401 13 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1664 401 14 lying lie VBG en-wikipedia-org-1664 401 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 401 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 401 17 main main JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 401 18 clause clause NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 401 19 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 401 20 headed head VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 401 21 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 401 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 401 23 verb verb NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 401 24 think think NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 401 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 401 26 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 401 27 subject subject NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 401 28 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 401 29 I -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1664 401 30 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 401 31 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 401 32 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 401 33 object object NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 401 34 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 401 35 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 401 36 phrase phrase NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 401 37 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 401 38 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 401 39 subordinate subordinate JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 401 40 clause clause NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 401 41 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 401 42 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 401 43 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 401 44 you -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1664 401 45 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1664 401 46 lying lie VBG en-wikipedia-org-1664 401 47 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 402 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 402 2 subordinating subordinate VBG en-wikipedia-org-1664 402 3 conjunction conjunction NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 402 4 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-1664 402 5 shows show VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 402 6 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 402 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 402 8 clause clause NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 402 9 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-1664 402 10 follows follow VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 402 11 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 402 12 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 402 13 subordinate subordinate JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 402 14 clause clause NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 402 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 402 16 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 402 17 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1664 402 18 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 402 19 often often RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 402 20 omitted omit VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 402 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 403 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 403 2 205 205 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 403 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 403 4 Relative relative JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 403 5 clauses clause NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 403 6 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1664 403 7 clauses clause NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 403 8 that that DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 403 9 function function NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 403 10 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 403 11 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 403 12 modifier modifier RBR en-wikipedia-org-1664 403 13 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 403 14 specifier specifier NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 403 15 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 403 16 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 403 17 constituent constituent NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 403 18 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 403 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 403 20 main main JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 403 21 clause clause NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 403 22 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1664 403 23 For for IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 403 24 example example NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 403 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 403 26 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 403 27 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 403 28 sentence sentence NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 403 29 I -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1664 403 30 saw see VBD en-wikipedia-org-1664 403 31 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 403 32 letter letter NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 403 33 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-1664 403 34 you -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1664 403 35 received receive VBD en-wikipedia-org-1664 403 36 today today NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 403 37 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 403 38 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 403 39 relative relative JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 403 40 clause clause NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 403 41 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-1664 403 42 you -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1664 403 43 received receive VBD en-wikipedia-org-1664 403 44 today today NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 403 45 specifies specify VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 403 46 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 403 47 meaning meaning NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 403 48 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 403 49 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 403 50 word word NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 403 51 letter letter NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 403 52 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 403 53 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 403 54 object object NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 403 55 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 403 56 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 403 57 main main JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 403 58 clause clause NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 403 59 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 404 1 Relative relative JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 404 2 clauses clause NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 404 3 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-1664 404 4 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 404 5 introduced introduce VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 404 6 by 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] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 405 5 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 405 6 contrast contrast NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 405 7 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 405 8 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 405 9 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 405 10 Germanic Germanic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 405 11 languages language NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 405 12 there there EX en-wikipedia-org-1664 405 13 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 405 14 no no DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 405 15 major major JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 405 16 differences difference NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 405 17 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 405 18 word word NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 405 19 order order NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 405 20 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 405 21 main main JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 405 22 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 405 23 subordinate subordinate JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 405 24 clauses clause NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 405 25 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 406 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 406 2 207 207 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 406 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 406 4 Auxiliary auxiliary JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 406 5 verb verb NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 406 6 constructions construction NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 406 7 Main main JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 406 8 articles article NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 406 9 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1664 406 10 Do do NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 406 11 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 406 12 support support NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 406 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 406 14 Subject subject NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 406 15 – – : en-wikipedia-org-1664 406 16 auxiliary auxiliary JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 406 17 inversion inversion NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 406 18 English english JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 406 19 syntax syntax NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 406 20 relies rely VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 406 21 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 406 22 auxiliary auxiliary JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 406 23 verbs verb NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 406 24 for for IN 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2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 411 3 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 411 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 411 5 negated negate VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 411 6 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 411 7 inverted invert VBD en-wikipedia-org-1664 411 8 clauses clause NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 411 9 referred refer VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 411 10 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 411 11 above above RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 411 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 411 13 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1664 411 14 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 411 15 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 411 16 because because IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 411 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 411 18 rules rule NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 411 19 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 411 20 English english JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 411 21 syntax syntax NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 411 22 permit permit VBP en-wikipedia-org-1664 411 23 these these DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 411 24 constructions construction NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 411 25 only only RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 411 26 when when WRB en-wikipedia-org-1664 411 27 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 411 28 auxiliary auxiliary NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 411 29 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 411 30 present present JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 411 31 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 412 1 Modern modern JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 412 2 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 412 3 does do VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 412 4 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 412 5 allow allow VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 412 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 412 7 addition addition NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 412 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 412 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 412 10 negating negating NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 412 11 adverb adverb NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 412 12 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 412 13 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 412 14 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 412 15 ordinary ordinary JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 412 16 finite finite JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 412 17 lexical lexical 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if if IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 412 43 there there EX en-wikipedia-org-1664 412 44 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 412 45 no no DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 412 46 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 412 47 auxiliary auxiliary JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 412 48 present present NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 412 49 when when WRB en-wikipedia-org-1664 412 50 negation negation NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 412 51 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 412 52 required require VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 412 53 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 412 54 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 412 55 auxiliary auxiliary JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 412 56 do do VBP en-wikipedia-org-1664 412 57 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 412 58 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 412 59 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 412 60 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1664 412 61 produce produce VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 412 62 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 412 63 form form NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 412 64 like like IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 412 65 I -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1664 412 66 do do VBP en-wikipedia-org-1664 412 67 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 412 68 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 412 69 do do VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 412 70 n't not RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 412 71 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 412 72 know know VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 412 73 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 413 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 413 2 same same JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 413 3 applies apply VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 413 4 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 413 5 clauses clause NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 413 6 requiring require VBG en-wikipedia-org-1664 413 7 inversion inversion NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 413 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 413 9 including include VBG en-wikipedia-org-1664 413 10 most most JJS en-wikipedia-org-1664 413 11 questions question NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 413 12 — — : en-wikipedia-org-1664 413 13 inversion inversion NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 413 14 must must MD en-wikipedia-org-1664 413 15 involve involve VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 413 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 413 17 subject subject NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 413 18 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 413 19 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 413 20 auxiliary auxiliary JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 413 21 verb verb NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 413 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 413 23 so so CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 413 24 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1664 413 25 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 413 26 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 413 27 possible possible JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 413 28 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1664 413 29 say say VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 413 30 * * NFP en-wikipedia-org-1664 413 31 Know know VBP en-wikipedia-org-1664 413 32 you -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1664 413 33 him -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1664 413 34 ? ? . en-wikipedia-org-1664 414 1 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1664 414 2 grammatical grammatical JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 414 3 rules rule NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 414 4 require require VBP en-wikipedia-org-1664 414 5 Do do VBP en-wikipedia-org-1664 414 6 you -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1664 414 7 know know VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 414 8 him -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1664 414 9 ? ? . en-wikipedia-org-1664 415 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 415 2 208 208 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 415 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 415 4 Negation negation NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 415 5 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 415 6 done do VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 415 7 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 415 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 415 9 adverb adverb NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 415 10 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 415 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 415 12 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1664 415 13 precedes precede VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 415 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 415 15 main main JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 415 16 verb verb NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 415 17 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 415 18 follows follow VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 415 19 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 415 20 auxiliary auxiliary JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 415 21 verb verb NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 415 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 416 1 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 416 2 contracted contract VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 416 3 form form NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 416 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 416 5 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 416 6 -n't -n't NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 416 7 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-1664 416 8 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 416 9 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 416 10 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 416 11 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 416 12 enclitic enclitic NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 416 13 attaching attach VBG en-wikipedia-org-1664 416 14 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 416 15 auxiliary auxiliary JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 416 16 verbs verb NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 416 17 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 416 18 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 416 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 416 20 copula copula NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 416 21 verb verb NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 416 22 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1664 416 23 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 416 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 417 1 Just just RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 417 2 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 417 3 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 417 4 questions question NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 417 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 417 6 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 417 7 negative negative JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 417 8 constructions construction NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 417 9 require require VBP en-wikipedia-org-1664 417 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 417 11 negation negation NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 417 12 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1664 417 13 occur occur VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 417 14 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 417 15 do do NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 417 16 - - NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 417 17 support support NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 417 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 417 19 thus thus RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 417 20 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 417 21 Modern Modern NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 417 22 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 417 23 I -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1664 417 24 do do VBP en-wikipedia-org-1664 417 25 n't not RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 417 26 know know VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 417 27 him -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1664 417 28 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 417 29 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 417 30 correct correct JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 417 31 answer answer NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 417 32 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 417 33 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 417 34 question question NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 417 35 Do do VBP en-wikipedia-org-1664 417 36 you -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1664 417 37 know know VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 417 38 him -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1664 417 39 ? ? . en-wikipedia-org-1664 417 40 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 417 41 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 417 42 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 417 43 * * NFP en-wikipedia-org-1664 417 44 I -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1664 417 45 know know VBP en-wikipedia-org-1664 417 46 him -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1664 417 47 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 417 48 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 417 49 although although IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 417 50 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 417 51 construction construction NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 417 52 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-1664 417 53 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 417 54 found find VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 417 55 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 417 56 older old JJR en-wikipedia-org-1664 417 57 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 417 58 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 418 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 418 2 209 209 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 418 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 418 4 Passive passive JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 418 5 constructions construction NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 418 6 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 418 7 use use VBP en-wikipedia-org-1664 418 8 auxiliary auxiliary JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 418 9 verbs verb NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 418 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 419 1 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 419 2 passive passive JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 419 3 construction construction NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 419 4 rephrases rephrase VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 419 5 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 419 6 active active JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 419 7 construction construction NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 419 8 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 419 9 such such PDT en-wikipedia-org-1664 419 10 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 419 11 way way NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 419 12 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-1664 419 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 419 14 object object NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 419 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 419 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 419 17 active active JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 419 18 phrase phrase NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 419 19 becomes become VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 419 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 419 21 subject subject NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 419 22 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 419 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 419 24 passive passive JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 419 25 phrase phrase NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 419 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 419 27 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 419 28 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 419 29 subject subject NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 419 30 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 419 31 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 419 32 active active JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 419 33 phrase phrase NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 419 34 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 419 35 either either CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 419 36 omitted omit VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 419 37 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 419 38 demoted demote VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 419 39 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 419 40 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 419 41 role role NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 419 42 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 419 43 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 419 44 oblique oblique JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 419 45 argument argument NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 419 46 introduced introduce VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 419 47 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 419 48 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 419 49 prepositional prepositional JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 419 50 phrase phrase NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 419 51 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 420 1 They -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1664 420 2 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1664 420 3 formed form VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 420 4 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 420 5 using use VBG en-wikipedia-org-1664 420 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 420 7 past past JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 420 8 participle participle NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 420 9 either either CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 420 10 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 420 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 420 12 auxiliary auxiliary JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 420 13 verb verb NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 420 14 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1664 420 15 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 420 16 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 420 17 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1664 420 18 get get VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 420 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 420 20 although although IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 420 21 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 420 22 all all DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 420 23 varieties variety NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 420 24 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 420 25 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 420 26 allow allow VBP en-wikipedia-org-1664 420 27 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 420 28 use use NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 420 29 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 420 30 passives passive NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 420 31 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 420 32 get get NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 420 33 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 421 1 For for IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 421 2 example example NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 421 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 421 4 putting put VBG en-wikipedia-org-1664 421 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 421 6 sentence sentence NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 421 7 she -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1664 421 8 sees see VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 421 9 him -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1664 421 10 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 421 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 421 12 passive passive NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 421 13 becomes become VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 421 14 he -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1664 421 15 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 421 16 seen see VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 421 17 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 421 18 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 421 19 her -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1664 421 20 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 421 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 421 22 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 421 23 he -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1664 421 24 gets get VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 421 25 seen see VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 421 26 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 421 27 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 421 28 her -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1664 421 29 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 421 30 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 422 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 422 2 210 210 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 422 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 422 4 Questions Questions NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1664 422 5 Both both CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 422 6 yes yes UH en-wikipedia-org-1664 422 7 – – : en-wikipedia-org-1664 422 8 no no DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 422 9 questions question NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 422 10 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 422 11 wh wh NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 422 12 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 422 13 questions question NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 422 14 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 422 15 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 422 16 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1664 422 17 mostly mostly RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 422 18 formed form VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 422 19 using use VBG en-wikipedia-org-1664 422 20 subject subject JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 422 21 – – : en-wikipedia-org-1664 422 22 auxiliary auxiliary JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 422 23 inversion inversion NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 422 24 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 422 25 Am be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1664 422 26 I -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1664 422 27 going go VBG en-wikipedia-org-1664 422 28 tomorrow tomorrow NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 422 29 ? ? . en-wikipedia-org-1664 422 30 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 422 31 Where where WRB en-wikipedia-org-1664 422 32 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-1664 422 33 we -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1664 422 34 eat eat VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 422 35 ? ? . en-wikipedia-org-1664 423 1 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 423 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 423 3 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1664 423 4 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-1664 423 5 require require VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 423 6 do do NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 423 7 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 423 8 support support NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 423 9 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 423 10 Do do VBP en-wikipedia-org-1664 423 11 you -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1664 423 12 like like VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 423 13 her -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1664 423 14 ? ? . en-wikipedia-org-1664 423 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 423 16 Where where WRB en-wikipedia-org-1664 423 17 did do VBD en-wikipedia-org-1664 423 18 he -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1664 423 19 go go VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 423 20 ? ? . en-wikipedia-org-1664 423 21 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 423 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 424 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 424 2 most most JJS en-wikipedia-org-1664 424 3 cases case NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 424 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 424 5 interrogative interrogative JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 424 6 words word NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 424 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 424 8 wh wh NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 424 9 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 424 10 words word NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 424 11 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1664 424 12 e.g. e.g. RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 425 1 what what WP en-wikipedia-org-1664 425 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 425 3 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-1664 425 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 425 5 where where WRB en-wikipedia-org-1664 425 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 425 7 when when WRB en-wikipedia-org-1664 425 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 425 9 why why WRB en-wikipedia-org-1664 425 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 425 11 how how WRB en-wikipedia-org-1664 425 12 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 425 13 appear appear VBP en-wikipedia-org-1664 425 14 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 425 15 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 425 16 fronted fronted JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 425 17 position position NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 425 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 426 1 For for IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 426 2 example example NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 426 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 426 4 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 426 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 426 6 question question NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 426 7 What what WP en-wikipedia-org-1664 426 8 did do VBD en-wikipedia-org-1664 426 9 you -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1664 426 10 see see VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 426 11 ? ? . en-wikipedia-org-1664 426 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 426 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 426 14 word word NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 426 15 what what WP en-wikipedia-org-1664 426 16 appears appear VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 426 17 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 426 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 426 19 first first JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 426 20 constituent constituent NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 426 21 despite despite IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 426 22 being be VBG en-wikipedia-org-1664 426 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 426 24 grammatical grammatical JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 426 25 object object NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 426 26 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 426 27 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 426 28 sentence sentence NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 426 29 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 427 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 427 2 When when WRB en-wikipedia-org-1664 427 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 427 4 wh wh NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 427 5 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 427 6 word word NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 427 7 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 427 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 427 9 subject subject JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 427 10 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 427 11 forms form NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 427 12 part part NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 427 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 427 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 427 15 subject subject NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 427 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 427 17 no no DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 427 18 inversion inversion NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 427 19 occurs occur VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 427 20 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1664 427 21 Who who WP en-wikipedia-org-1664 427 22 saw see VBD en-wikipedia-org-1664 427 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 427 24 cat cat NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 427 25 ? ? . en-wikipedia-org-1664 427 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 427 27 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 428 1 Prepositional prepositional JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 428 2 phrases phrase NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 428 3 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-1664 428 4 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 428 5 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 428 6 fronted front VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 428 7 when when WRB en-wikipedia-org-1664 428 8 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1664 428 9 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1664 428 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 428 11 question question NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 428 12 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-1664 428 13 theme theme NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 428 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 428 15 e.g. e.g. RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 429 1 To to IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 429 2 whose whose WP$ en-wikipedia-org-1664 429 3 house house NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 429 4 did do VBD en-wikipedia-org-1664 429 5 you -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1664 429 6 go go VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 429 7 last last JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 429 8 night night NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 429 9 ? ? . en-wikipedia-org-1664 429 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 430 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 430 2 personal personal JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 430 3 interrogative interrogative JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 430 4 pronoun pronoun NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 430 5 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-1664 430 6 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 430 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 430 8 only only JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 430 9 interrogative interrogative JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 430 10 pronoun pronoun NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 430 11 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1664 430 12 still still RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 430 13 show show VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 430 14 inflection inflection NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 430 15 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 430 16 case case NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 430 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 430 18 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 430 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 430 20 variant variant JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 430 21 whom whom WP en-wikipedia-org-1664 430 22 serving serve VBG en-wikipedia-org-1664 430 23 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 430 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 430 25 objective objective JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 430 26 case case NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 430 27 form form NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 430 28 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 430 29 although although IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 430 30 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 430 31 form form NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 430 32 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-1664 430 33 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 430 34 going go VBG en-wikipedia-org-1664 430 35 out out IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 430 36 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 430 37 use use NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 430 38 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 430 39 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 430 40 contexts contexts NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 430 41 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 431 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 431 2 211 211 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 431 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 431 4 Discourse discourse JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 431 5 level level NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 431 6 syntax syntax NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 431 7 While while IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 431 8 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 431 9 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 431 10 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 431 11 subject subject RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 431 12 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 431 13 prominent prominent JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 431 14 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 431 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 431 16 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 431 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 431 18 discourse discourse JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 431 19 level level NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 431 20 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1664 431 21 tends tend VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 431 22 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1664 431 23 use use VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 431 24 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 431 25 topic topic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 431 26 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 431 27 comment comment NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 431 28 structure structure NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 431 29 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 431 30 where where WRB en-wikipedia-org-1664 431 31 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 431 32 known know VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 431 33 information information NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 431 34 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 431 35 topic topic NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 431 36 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 431 37 precedes precede VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 431 38 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 431 39 new new JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 431 40 information information NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 431 41 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 431 42 comment comment NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 431 43 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 431 44 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 432 1 Because because IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 432 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 432 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 432 4 strict strict JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 432 5 SVO SVO NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 432 6 syntax syntax NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 432 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 432 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 432 9 topic topic NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 432 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 432 11 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 432 12 sentence sentence NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 432 13 generally generally RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 432 14 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 432 15 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1664 432 16 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 432 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 432 18 grammatical grammatical JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 432 19 subject subject NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 432 20 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 432 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 432 22 sentence sentence NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 432 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 433 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 433 2 cases case NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 433 3 where where WRB en-wikipedia-org-1664 433 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 433 5 topic topic NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 433 6 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 433 7 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 433 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 433 9 grammatical grammatical JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 433 10 subject subject NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 433 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 433 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 433 13 sentence sentence NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 433 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 433 15 frequently frequently RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 433 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 433 17 topic topic NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 433 18 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 433 19 promoted promote VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 433 20 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 433 21 subject subject JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 433 22 position position NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 433 23 through through IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 433 24 syntactic syntactic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 433 25 means mean NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 433 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 434 1 One one CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 434 2 way way NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 434 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 434 4 doing do VBG en-wikipedia-org-1664 434 5 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 434 6 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 434 7 through through IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 434 8 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 434 9 passive passive JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 434 10 construction construction NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 434 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 434 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 434 13 girl girl NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 434 14 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1664 434 15 stung sting VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 434 16 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 434 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 434 18 bee bee NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 434 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 435 1 Another another DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 435 2 way way NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 435 3 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 435 4 through through IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 435 5 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 435 6 cleft cleft JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 435 7 sentence sentence NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 435 8 where where WRB en-wikipedia-org-1664 435 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 435 10 main main JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 435 11 clause clause NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 435 12 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 435 13 demoted demote VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 435 14 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1664 435 15 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 435 16 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 435 17 complement complement JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 435 18 clause clause NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 435 19 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 435 20 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 435 21 copula copula JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 435 22 sentence sentence NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 435 23 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 435 24 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 435 25 dummy dummy JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 435 26 subject subject NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 435 27 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 435 28 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 435 29 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1664 435 30 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 435 31 there there RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 435 32 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 435 33 e.g. e.g. RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 436 1 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1664 436 2 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1664 436 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 436 4 girl girl NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 436 5 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-1664 436 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 436 7 bee bee NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 436 8 stung stung NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 436 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 436 10 there there EX en-wikipedia-org-1664 436 11 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1664 436 12 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 436 13 girl girl NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 436 14 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-1664 436 15 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1664 436 16 stung sting VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 436 17 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 436 18 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 436 19 bee bee NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 436 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 437 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 437 2 212 212 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 437 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 437 4 Dummy dummy JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 437 5 subjects subject NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 437 6 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1664 437 7 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 437 8 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 437 9 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 437 10 constructions construction NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 437 11 where where WRB en-wikipedia-org-1664 437 12 there there EX en-wikipedia-org-1664 437 13 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 437 14 no no DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 437 15 grammatical grammatical JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 437 16 subject subject NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 437 17 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 437 18 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 437 19 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 437 20 impersonal impersonal JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 437 21 verbs verb NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 437 22 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 437 23 e.g. e.g. RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 437 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 437 25 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1664 437 26 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 437 27 raining rain VBG en-wikipedia-org-1664 437 28 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 437 29 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 437 30 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 437 31 existential existential JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 437 32 clauses clause NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 437 33 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 437 34 there there EX en-wikipedia-org-1664 437 35 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1664 437 36 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 437 37 cars car NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 437 38 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 437 39 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 437 40 street street NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 437 41 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 437 42 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 438 1 Through through IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 438 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 438 3 use use NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 438 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 438 5 these these DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 438 6 complex complex JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 438 7 sentence sentence NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 438 8 constructions construction VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 438 9 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 438 10 informationally informationally RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 438 11 vacuous vacuous JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 438 12 subjects subject NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 438 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 438 14 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 438 15 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 438 16 able able JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 438 17 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1664 438 18 maintain maintain VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 438 19 both both DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 438 20 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 438 21 topic topic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 438 22 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 438 23 comment comment NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 438 24 sentence sentence NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 438 25 structure structure NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 438 26 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 438 27 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 438 28 SVO SVO NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 438 29 syntax syntax NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 438 30 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 439 1 Focus focus JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 439 2 constructions construction NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 439 3 emphasise emphasise VBP en-wikipedia-org-1664 439 4 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 439 5 particular particular JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 439 6 piece piece NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 439 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 439 8 new new JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 439 9 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 439 10 salient salient NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 439 11 information information NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 439 12 within within IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 439 13 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 439 14 sentence sentence NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 439 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 439 16 generally generally RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 439 17 through through IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 439 18 allocating allocate VBG en-wikipedia-org-1664 439 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 439 20 main main JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 439 21 sentence sentence NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 439 22 level level NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 439 23 stress stress NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 439 24 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 439 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 439 26 focal focal JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 439 27 constituent constituent NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 439 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 440 1 For for IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 440 2 example example NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 440 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 440 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 440 5 girl girl NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 440 6 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1664 440 7 stung sting VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 440 8 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 440 9 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 440 10 bee bee NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 440 11 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 440 12 emphasising emphasise VBG en-wikipedia-org-1664 440 13 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1664 440 14 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1664 440 15 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 440 16 bee bee NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 440 17 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 440 18 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 440 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 440 20 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 440 21 example example NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 440 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 440 23 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 440 24 wasp wasp NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 440 25 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-1664 440 26 stung sting VBD en-wikipedia-org-1664 440 27 her -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1664 440 28 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 440 29 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 440 30 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 440 31 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 440 32 girl girl NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 440 33 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1664 440 34 stung sting VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 440 35 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 440 36 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 440 37 bee bee NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 440 38 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 440 39 contrasting contrast VBG en-wikipedia-org-1664 440 40 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 440 41 another another DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 440 42 possibility possibility NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 440 43 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 440 44 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 440 45 example example NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 440 46 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 440 47 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1664 440 48 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1664 440 49 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 440 50 boy boy NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 440 51 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 440 52 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 441 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 441 2 213 213 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 441 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 441 4 Topic topic NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 441 5 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 441 6 focus focus NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 441 7 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-1664 441 8 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 441 9 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 441 10 established establish VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 441 11 through through IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 441 12 syntactic syntactic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 441 13 dislocation dislocation NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 441 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 441 15 either either CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 441 16 preposing prepose VBG en-wikipedia-org-1664 441 17 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 441 18 postposing postpose VBG en-wikipedia-org-1664 441 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 441 20 item item NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 441 21 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1664 441 22 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 441 23 focused focus VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 441 24 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 441 25 relative relative JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 441 26 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 441 27 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 441 28 main main JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 441 29 clause clause NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 441 30 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 442 1 For for IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 442 2 example example NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 442 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 442 4 That that DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 442 5 girl girl NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 442 6 over over RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 442 7 there there RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 442 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 442 9 she -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1664 442 10 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1664 442 11 stung sting VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 442 12 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 442 13 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 442 14 bee bee NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 442 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 442 16 emphasises emphasise VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 442 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 442 18 girl girl NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 442 19 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 442 20 preposition preposition NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 442 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 442 22 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 442 23 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 442 24 similar similar JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 442 25 effect effect NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 442 26 could could MD en-wikipedia-org-1664 442 27 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 442 28 achieved achieve VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 442 29 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 442 30 postposition postposition NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 442 31 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 442 32 she -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1664 442 33 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1664 442 34 stung sting VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 442 35 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 442 36 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 442 37 bee bee NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 442 38 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 442 39 that that DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 442 40 girl girl NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 442 41 over over RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 442 42 there there RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 442 43 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 442 44 where where WRB en-wikipedia-org-1664 442 45 reference reference NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 442 46 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 442 47 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 442 48 girl girl NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 442 49 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 442 50 established establish VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 442 51 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 442 52 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 442 53 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1664 442 54 afterthought afterthought JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 442 55 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1664 442 56 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 443 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 443 2 214 214 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 443 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 443 4 Cohesion Cohesion NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 443 5 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 443 6 sentences sentence NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 443 7 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 443 8 achieved achieve VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 443 9 through through IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 443 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 443 11 use use NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 443 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 443 13 deictic deictic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 443 14 pronouns pronoun NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 443 15 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 443 16 anaphora anaphora NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 443 17 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 443 18 e.g. e.g. RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 444 1 that that DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 444 2 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 444 3 exactly exactly RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 444 4 what what WP en-wikipedia-org-1664 444 5 I -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1664 444 6 mean mean VBP en-wikipedia-org-1664 444 7 where where WRB en-wikipedia-org-1664 444 8 that that DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 444 9 refers refer VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 444 10 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 444 11 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 444 12 fact fact NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 444 13 known know VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 444 14 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 444 15 both both DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 444 16 interlocutors interlocutor NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 444 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 444 18 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 444 19 then then RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 444 20 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 444 21 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1664 444 22 locate locate VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 444 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 444 24 time time NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 444 25 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 444 26 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 444 27 narrated narrated JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 444 28 event event NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 444 29 relative relative JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 444 30 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 444 31 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 444 32 time time NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 444 33 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 444 34 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 444 35 previously previously RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 444 36 narrated narrate VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 444 37 event event NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 444 38 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 444 39 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 445 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 445 2 215 215 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 445 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 445 4 Discourse Discourse NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 445 5 markers marker NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 445 6 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 445 7 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 445 8 oh oh UH en-wikipedia-org-1664 445 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 445 10 so so RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 445 11 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 445 12 well well UH en-wikipedia-org-1664 445 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 445 14 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 445 15 signal signal VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 445 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 445 17 progression progression NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 445 18 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 445 19 ideas idea NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 445 20 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 445 21 sentences sentence NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 445 22 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 445 23 help help NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 445 24 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1664 445 25 create create VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 445 26 cohesion cohesion NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 445 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 446 1 Discourse Discourse NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 446 2 markers marker NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 446 3 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1664 446 4 often often RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 446 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 446 6 first first JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 446 7 constituents constituent NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 446 8 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 446 9 sentences sentence NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 446 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 447 1 Discourse Discourse NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 447 2 markers marker NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 447 3 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1664 447 4 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 447 5 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 447 6 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 447 7 stance stance NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 447 8 taking take VBG en-wikipedia-org-1664 447 9 in in RP en-wikipedia-org-1664 447 10 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1664 447 11 speakers speaker NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 447 12 position position VBP en-wikipedia-org-1664 447 13 themselves -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1664 447 14 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 447 15 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 447 16 specific specific JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 447 17 attitude attitude NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 447 18 towards towards IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 447 19 what what WP en-wikipedia-org-1664 447 20 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 447 21 being be VBG en-wikipedia-org-1664 447 22 said say VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 447 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 447 24 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 447 25 example example NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 447 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 447 27 no no DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 447 28 way way NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 447 29 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 447 30 that that DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 447 31 true true JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 447 32 ! ! . en-wikipedia-org-1664 448 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 448 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 448 3 idiomatic idiomatic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 448 4 marker marker NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 448 5 no no DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 448 6 way way NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 448 7 ! ! . en-wikipedia-org-1664 449 1 expressing express VBG en-wikipedia-org-1664 449 2 disbelief disbelief NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 449 3 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 449 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 449 5 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 449 6 boy boy NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 449 7 ! ! . en-wikipedia-org-1664 450 1 I -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1664 450 2 'm be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1664 450 3 hungry hungry JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 450 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 450 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 450 6 marker marker NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 450 7 boy boy NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 450 8 expressing express VBG en-wikipedia-org-1664 450 9 emphasis emphasis NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 450 10 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 450 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 451 1 While while IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 451 2 discourse discourse NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 451 3 markers marker NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 451 4 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1664 451 5 particularly particularly RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 451 6 characteristic characteristic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 451 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 451 8 informal informal JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 451 9 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 451 10 spoken spoken JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 451 11 registers register NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 451 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 451 13 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 451 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 451 15 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1664 451 16 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1664 451 17 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 451 18 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 451 19 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 451 20 written write VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 451 21 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 451 22 formal formal JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 451 23 registers register NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 451 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 452 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 452 2 216 216 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 452 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 452 4 Vocabulary Vocabulary NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 452 5 See See NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 452 6 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 452 7 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1664 452 8 Foreign foreign JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 452 9 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 452 10 influences influence NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 452 11 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 452 12 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 452 13 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 452 14 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 452 15 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 452 16 rich rich JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 452 17 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 452 18 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 452 19 terms term NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 452 20 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 452 21 vocabulary vocabulary NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 452 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 452 23 containing contain VBG en-wikipedia-org-1664 452 24 more more JJR en-wikipedia-org-1664 452 25 synonyms synonyms JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 452 26 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 452 27 any any DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 452 28 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 452 29 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 452 30 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 453 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 453 2 132 132 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 453 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 453 4 There there EX en-wikipedia-org-1664 453 5 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1664 453 6 words word NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 453 7 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1664 453 8 appear appear VBP en-wikipedia-org-1664 453 9 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 453 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 453 11 surface surface NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 453 12 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1664 453 13 mean mean VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 453 14 exactly exactly RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 453 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 453 16 same same JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 453 17 thing thing NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 453 18 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 453 19 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1664 453 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 453 21 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 453 22 fact fact NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 453 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 453 24 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-1664 453 25 slightly slightly RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 453 26 different different JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 453 27 shades shade NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 453 28 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 453 29 meaning meaning NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 453 30 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 453 31 must must MD en-wikipedia-org-1664 453 32 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 453 33 chosen choose VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 453 34 appropriately appropriately RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 453 35 if if IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 453 36 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 453 37 speaker speaker NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 453 38 wants want VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 453 39 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1664 453 40 convey convey VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 453 41 precisely precisely RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 453 42 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 453 43 message message NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 453 44 intended intend VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 453 45 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 454 1 It -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1664 454 2 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 454 3 generally generally RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 454 4 stated state VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 454 5 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 454 6 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 454 7 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 454 8 around around RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 454 9 170,000 170,000 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 454 10 words word NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 454 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 454 12 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 454 13 220,000 220,000 CD 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en-wikipedia-org-1664 460 7 English english JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 460 8 forms form NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 460 9 new new JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 460 10 words word NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 460 11 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 460 12 existing exist VBG en-wikipedia-org-1664 460 13 words word NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 460 14 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 460 15 roots root NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 460 16 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 460 17 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1664 460 18 vocabulary vocabulary NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 460 19 through through IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 460 20 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 460 21 variety variety NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 460 22 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 460 23 processes process NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 460 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 461 1 One one CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 461 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 461 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 461 4 most most RBS en-wikipedia-org-1664 461 5 productive productive JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 461 6 processes process NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 461 7 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 461 8 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 461 9 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 461 10 conversion,[221 conversion,[221 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 461 11 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 461 12 using use VBG en-wikipedia-org-1664 461 13 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 461 14 word word NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 461 15 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 461 16 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 461 17 different different JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 461 18 grammatical grammatical JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 461 19 role role NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 461 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 461 21 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 461 22 example example NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 461 23 using use VBG en-wikipedia-org-1664 461 24 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 461 25 noun noun NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 461 26 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 461 27 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 461 28 verb verb NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 461 29 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 461 30 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 461 31 verb verb NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 461 32 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 461 33 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 461 34 noun noun NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 461 35 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 462 1 Another another DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 462 2 productive productive JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 462 3 word word NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 462 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 462 5 formation formation NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 462 6 process process NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 462 7 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 462 8 nominal nominal JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 462 9 compounding,[218][220 compounding,[218][220 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 462 10 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 462 11 producing produce VBG en-wikipedia-org-1664 462 12 compound compound NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 462 13 words word NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 462 14 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 462 15 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 462 16 babysitter babysitter NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 462 17 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 462 18 ice ice NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 462 19 cream cream NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 462 20 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 462 21 homesick homesick NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 462 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 463 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 463 2 221 221 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 463 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 463 4 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 463 5 process process NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 463 6 more more RBR en-wikipedia-org-1664 463 7 common common JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 463 8 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 463 9 Old Old NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 463 10 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 463 11 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 463 12 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 463 13 Modern modern JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 463 14 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 463 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 463 16 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 463 17 still still RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 463 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en-wikipedia-org-1664 464 1 Formation formation NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 464 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 464 3 new new JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 464 4 words word NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 464 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 464 6 called call VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 464 7 neologisms neologism NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 464 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 464 9 based base VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 464 10 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 464 11 Greek Greek NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 464 12 and/or and/or CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 464 13 Latin Latin NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 464 14 roots root NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 464 15 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 464 16 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 464 17 example example NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 464 18 television television NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 464 19 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 464 20 optometry optometry NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 464 21 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 464 22 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 464 23 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 464 24 highly highly RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 464 25 productive productive JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 464 26 process process NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 464 27 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 464 28 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 464 29 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 464 30 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 464 31 most most JJS en-wikipedia-org-1664 464 32 modern modern JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 464 33 European european JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 464 34 languages language NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 464 35 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 464 36 so so RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 464 37 much much RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 464 38 so so IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 464 39 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 464 40 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1664 464 41 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 464 42 often often RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 464 43 difficult difficult JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 464 44 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1664 464 45 determine determine VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 464 46 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 464 47 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1664 464 48 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 464 49 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 464 50 neologism neologism NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 464 51 originated originate VBD en-wikipedia-org-1664 464 52 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 465 1 For for IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 465 2 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 465 3 reason reason NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 465 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 465 5 lexicographer lexicographer NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 465 6 Philip Philip NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 465 7 Gove Gove NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 465 8 attributed attribute VBD en-wikipedia-org-1664 465 9 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 465 10 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 465 11 words word NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 465 12 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 465 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 465 14 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1664 465 15 international international JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 465 16 scientific scientific JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 465 17 vocabulary vocabulary NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 465 18 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1664 465 19 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 465 20 ISV ISV NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 465 21 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 465 22 when when WRB en-wikipedia-org-1664 465 23 compiling compile VBG en-wikipedia-org-1664 465 24 Webster Webster NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 465 25 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-1664 465 26 Third Third NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 465 27 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 465 28 International International NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 465 29 Dictionary Dictionary NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 465 30 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 465 31 1961 1961 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 465 32 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 465 33 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 466 1 Another another DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 466 2 active active JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 466 3 word word NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 466 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 466 5 formation formation NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 466 6 process process NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 466 7 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 466 8 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 466 9 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1664 466 10 acronyms,[222 acronyms,[222 NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 466 11 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 466 12 words word NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 466 13 formed form VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 466 14 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 466 15 pronouncing pronounce VBG en-wikipedia-org-1664 466 16 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 466 17 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 466 18 single single JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 466 19 word word NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 466 20 abbreviations abbreviation NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 466 21 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 466 22 longer long JJR en-wikipedia-org-1664 466 23 phrases phrase NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 466 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 466 25 e.g. e.g. RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 467 1 NATO NATO NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 467 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 467 3 laser laser NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 467 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 467 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 468 1 Word word NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 468 2 origins origin VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 468 3 Main main JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 468 4 article article NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 468 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1664 468 6 Lists list NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 468 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 468 8 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 468 9 loanwords loanword NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 468 10 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 468 11 country country NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 468 12 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 468 13 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 468 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 468 15 origin origin NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 468 16 See See NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 468 17 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 468 18 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1664 468 19 Linguistic linguistic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 468 20 purism purism NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 468 21 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 468 22 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 468 23 Source Source NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 468 24 languages language NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 468 25 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 468 26 English english JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 468 27 vocabulary[6][223 vocabulary[6][223 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 468 28 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 468 29       _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 468 30 Latin Latin NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 468 31 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 468 32 29 29 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 468 33 % % NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 468 34 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 468 35       _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 468 36 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 468 37 Old Old NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 468 38 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 468 39 French French NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 468 40 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 468 41 including include VBG en-wikipedia-org-1664 468 42 Anglo Anglo NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 468 43 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 468 44 French french JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 468 45 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 468 46 29 29 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 468 47 % % NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 468 48 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 468 49       _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 468 50 Germanic Germanic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 468 51 languages language VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 468 52 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 468 53 Old Old NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 468 54 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-1664 468 55 Middle Middle NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 468 56 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 468 57 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 468 58 Old Old NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 468 59 Norse Norse NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 468 60 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 468 61 Dutch Dutch NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1664 468 62 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 468 63 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 468 64 26 26 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 468 65 % % NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 468 66 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 468 67       _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 468 68 Greek Greek NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 468 69 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 468 70 6 6 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 468 71 % % NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 468 72 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 468 73       _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 468 74 Other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 468 75 languages language NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 468 76 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-1664 468 77 unknown unknown JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 468 78 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 468 79 6 6 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 468 80 % % NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 468 81 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 468 82       _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 468 83 Derived derive VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 468 84 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 468 85 proper proper JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 468 86 names name NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 468 87 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 468 88 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 468 89 % % NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 468 90 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 468 91 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 468 92 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 468 93 besides besides IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 468 94 forming form VBG en-wikipedia-org-1664 468 95 new new JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 468 96 words word NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 468 97 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 468 98 existing exist VBG en-wikipedia-org-1664 468 99 words word NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 468 100 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 468 101 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1664 468 102 roots root NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 468 103 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 468 104 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 468 105 borrows borrow VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 468 106 words word NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 468 107 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 468 108 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 468 109 languages language NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 468 110 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 469 1 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 469 2 adoption adoption NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 469 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 469 4 words word NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 469 5 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 469 6 other other 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en-wikipedia-org-1664 472 4 But but CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 472 5 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 472 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 472 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 472 8 consequences consequence NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 472 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 472 10 long long JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 472 11 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 472 12 contact contact NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 472 13 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 472 14 French French NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 472 15 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 472 16 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 472 17 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 472 18 all all DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 472 19 stages stage NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 472 20 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 472 21 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1664 472 22 development development NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 472 23 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 472 24 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 472 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 472 26 vocabulary vocabulary NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 472 27 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 472 28 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 472 29 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 472 30 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 472 31 very very RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 472 32 high high JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 472 33 percentage percentage NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 472 34 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 472 35 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1664 472 36 Latinate Latinate NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 472 37 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1664 472 38 words word NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 472 39 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 472 40 derived derive VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 472 41 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 472 42 French French NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 472 43 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 472 44 especially especially RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 472 45 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 472 46 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 472 47 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 472 48 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 472 49 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 472 50 Romance Romance NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 472 51 languages language NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 472 52 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 472 53 Latin Latin NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 472 54 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 472 55 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 473 1 French french JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 473 2 words word NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 473 3 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 473 4 various various JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 473 5 periods period NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 473 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 473 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 473 8 development development NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 473 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 473 10 French French NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 473 11 now now RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 473 12 make make VBP en-wikipedia-org-1664 473 13 up up RP en-wikipedia-org-1664 473 14 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 473 15 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 473 16 third third NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 473 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 473 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 473 19 vocabulary vocabulary NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 473 20 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 473 21 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 473 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 474 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 474 2 226 226 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 474 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 474 4 Linguist Linguist NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 474 5 Anthony Anthony NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 474 6 Lacoudre Lacoudre NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 474 7 estimated estimate VBD en-wikipedia-org-1664 474 8 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 474 9 over over IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 474 10 40,000 40,000 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 474 11 English english JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 474 12 words word NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 474 13 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1664 474 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 474 15 French french JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 474 16 origin origin NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 474 17 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 474 18 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-1664 474 19 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 474 20 understood understand VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 474 21 without without IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 474 22 orthographical orthographical JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 474 23 change change NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 474 24 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 474 25 French french JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 474 26 speakers speaker NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 474 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 475 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 475 2 227 227 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 475 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 475 4 Words word NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 475 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 475 6 Old old JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 475 7 Norse Norse NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 475 8 origin origin NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 475 9 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-1664 475 10 entered enter VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 475 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 475 12 English english JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 475 13 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 475 14 primarily primarily RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 475 15 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 475 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 475 17 contact contact NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 475 18 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 475 19 Old Old NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 475 20 Norse Norse NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 475 21 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 475 22 Old Old NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 475 23 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 475 24 during during IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 475 25 colonisation colonisation NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 475 26 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 475 27 eastern eastern JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 475 28 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 475 29 northern northern JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 475 30 England England NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 475 31 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 476 1 Many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 476 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 476 3 these these DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 476 4 words word NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 476 5 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1664 476 6 part part NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 476 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 476 8 English english JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 476 9 core core NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 476 10 vocabulary vocabulary NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 476 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 476 12 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 476 13 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 476 14 egg egg NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 476 15 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 476 16 knife knife NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 476 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 477 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 477 2 228 228 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 477 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 477 4 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 477 5 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 477 6 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 477 7 borrowed borrow VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 477 8 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 477 9 words word NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 477 10 directly directly RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 477 11 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 477 12 Latin Latin NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 477 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 477 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 477 15 ancestor ancestor NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 477 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 477 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 477 18 Romance Romance NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 477 19 languages language NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 477 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 477 21 during during IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 477 22 all all DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 477 23 stages stage NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 477 24 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 477 25 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1664 477 26 development development NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 477 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 478 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 478 2 220][218 220][218 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 478 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 478 4 Many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 478 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 478 6 these these DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 478 7 words word NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 478 8 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-1664 478 9 earlier early RBR 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en-wikipedia-org-1664 480 33 Anglo Anglo NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 480 34 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 480 35 Saxon Saxon NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 480 36 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 480 37 make make VBP en-wikipedia-org-1664 480 38 up up RP en-wikipedia-org-1664 480 39 about about RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 480 40 60 60 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 480 41 % % NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 480 42 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 480 43 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 480 44 vocabulary vocabulary NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 480 45 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 480 46 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 480 47 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 481 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 481 2 230 230 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 481 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 481 4 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 481 5 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 481 6 formal formal JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 481 7 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 481 8 informal informal JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 481 9 speech speech NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 481 10 registers register NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 481 11 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1664 481 12 informal informal JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 481 13 registers register NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 481 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 481 15 including include VBG en-wikipedia-org-1664 481 16 child child NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 481 17 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 481 18 directed direct VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 481 19 speech speech NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 481 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 481 21 tend tend VBP en-wikipedia-org-1664 481 22 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1664 481 23 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 481 24 made make VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 481 25 up up RP en-wikipedia-org-1664 481 26 predominantly predominantly RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 481 27 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 481 28 words word NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 481 29 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 481 30 Anglo Anglo NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 481 31 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 481 32 Saxon Saxon NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 481 33 origin origin NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 481 34 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 481 35 while while IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 481 36 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 481 37 percentage percentage NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 481 38 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 481 39 vocabulary vocabulary NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 481 40 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-1664 481 41 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 481 42 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 481 43 Latinate Latinate NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 481 44 origin origin NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 481 45 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 481 46 higher high JJR en-wikipedia-org-1664 481 47 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 481 48 legal legal JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 481 49 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 481 50 scientific scientific JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 481 51 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 481 52 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 481 53 academic academic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 481 54 texts text NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 481 55 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 482 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 482 2 231][232 231][232 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 482 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 482 4 English english JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 482 5 loanwords loanword NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 482 6 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 482 7 calques calque NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 482 8 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 482 9 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 482 10 languages language NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 482 11 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 482 12 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 482 13 had have VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 482 14 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 482 15 strong strong JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 482 16 influence influence NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 482 17 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 482 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 482 19 vocabulary vocabulary NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 482 20 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 482 21 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 482 22 languages language NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 482 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 483 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 483 2 226][233 226][233 LS en-wikipedia-org-1664 483 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 483 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 483 5 influence influence NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 483 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 483 7 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 483 8 comes come VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 483 9 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 483 10 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 483 11 factors factor NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 483 12 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 483 13 opinion opinion NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 483 14 leaders leader NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 483 15 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 483 16 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 483 17 countries country NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 483 18 knowing know VBG en-wikipedia-org-1664 483 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 483 20 English english JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 483 21 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 483 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 483 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 483 24 role role NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 483 25 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 483 26 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 483 27 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 483 28 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 483 29 world world NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 483 30 lingua lingua RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 483 31 franca franca RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 483 32 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 483 33 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 483 34 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 483 35 large large JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 483 36 number number NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 483 37 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 483 38 books book NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 483 39 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 483 40 films film NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 483 41 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-1664 483 42 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1664 483 43 translated translate VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 483 44 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 483 45 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 483 46 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 483 47 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 483 48 languages language NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 483 49 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 484 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 484 2 234 234 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 484 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 484 4 That that IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 484 5 pervasive pervasive JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 484 6 use use NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 484 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 484 8 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 484 9 leads lead VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 484 10 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 484 11 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 484 12 conclusion conclusion NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 484 13 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 484 14 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 484 15 places place NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 484 16 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-1664 484 17 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 484 18 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 484 19 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 484 20 especially especially RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 484 21 suitable suitable JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 484 22 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 484 23 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 484 24 expressing express VBG en-wikipedia-org-1664 484 25 new new JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 484 26 ideas idea NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 484 27 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 484 28 describing describe VBG en-wikipedia-org-1664 484 29 new new JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 484 30 technologies technology NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 484 31 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 485 1 Among among IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 485 2 varieties variety NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 485 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 485 4 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 485 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 485 6 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1664 485 7 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 485 8 especially especially RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 485 9 American american JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 485 10 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 485 11 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-1664 485 12 influences influence VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 485 13 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 485 14 languages language NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 485 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 486 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 486 2 235 235 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 486 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 486 4 Some some DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 486 5 languages language NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 486 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 486 7 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 486 8 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 486 9 Chinese Chinese NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1664 486 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 486 11 write write VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 486 12 words word NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 486 13 borrowed borrow VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 486 14 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 486 15 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 486 16 mostly mostly RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 486 17 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 486 18 calques calque NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 486 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 486 20 while while IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 486 21 others other NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 486 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 486 23 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 486 24 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 486 25 Japanese Japanese NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1664 486 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 486 27 readily readily RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 486 28 take take VBP en-wikipedia-org-1664 486 29 in in RP en-wikipedia-org-1664 486 30 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 486 31 loanwords loanword NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 486 32 written write VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 486 33 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 486 34 sound sound RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 486 35 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 486 36 indicating indicate VBG en-wikipedia-org-1664 486 37 script script NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 486 38 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 487 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 487 2 236 236 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 487 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 487 4 Dubbed dub VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 487 5 films film NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 487 6 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 487 7 television television NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 487 8 programmes programme NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 487 9 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1664 487 10 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 487 11 especially especially RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 487 12 fruitful fruitful JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 487 13 source source NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 487 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 487 15 English english JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 487 16 influence influence NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 487 17 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 487 18 languages language NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 487 19 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 487 20 Europe Europe NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 487 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 488 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 488 2 236 236 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 488 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 488 4 Writing write VBG en-wikipedia-org-1664 488 5 system system NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 488 6 See see VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 488 7 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 488 8 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1664 488 9 English english JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 488 10 alphabet alphabet NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 488 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 488 12 English english JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 488 13 braille braille NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 488 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 488 15 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 488 16 English english JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 488 17 orthography orthography NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 488 18 Since since IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 488 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 488 20 ninth ninth JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 488 21 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 488 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 488 23 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 488 24 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 488 25 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 488 26 written write VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 488 27 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 488 28 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 488 29 Latin latin JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 488 30 alphabet alphabet NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 488 31 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 488 32 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 488 33 called call VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 488 34 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 488 35 alphabet alphabet NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 488 36 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 488 37 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 489 1 Earlier early JJR en-wikipedia-org-1664 489 2 Old old JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 489 3 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 489 4 texts text NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 489 5 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 489 6 Anglo Anglo NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 489 7 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 489 8 Saxon Saxon NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 489 9 runes rune NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 489 10 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1664 489 11 only only RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 489 12 short short JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 489 13 inscriptions inscription NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 489 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 490 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 490 2 great great JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 490 3 majority majority NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 490 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 490 5 literary literary JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 490 6 works work NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 490 7 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 490 8 Old Old NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 490 9 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 490 10 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-1664 490 11 survive survive VBP en-wikipedia-org-1664 490 12 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 490 13 today today NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 490 14 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1664 490 15 written write VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 490 16 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 490 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 490 18 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 490 19 alphabet alphabet NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 490 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 491 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 491 2 35 35 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 491 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 491 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 491 5 modern modern JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 491 6 English english JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 491 7 alphabet alphabet NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 491 8 contains contain VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 491 9 26 26 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 491 10 letters letter NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 491 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 491 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 491 13 Latin latin JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 491 14 script script NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 491 15 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1664 491 16 a a LS en-wikipedia-org-1664 491 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 491 18 b b NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 491 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 491 20 c c NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 491 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 491 22 d d NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 491 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 491 24 e e NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 491 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 491 26 f f NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 491 27 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 491 28 g g NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 491 29 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 491 30 h h NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 491 31 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 491 32 i i NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 491 33 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 491 34 j j NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 491 35 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 491 36 k k NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 491 37 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 491 38 l l NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 491 39 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 491 40 m m NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 491 41 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 491 42 n n NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 491 43 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 491 44 o o NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 491 45 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 491 46 p p NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 491 47 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 491 48 q q NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 491 49 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 491 50 r r NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 491 51 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 491 52 s s NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 491 53 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 491 54 t t NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 491 55 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 491 56 u u NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 491 57 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 491 58 v v NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 491 59 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 491 60 w w NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 491 61 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 491 62 x x NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 491 63 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 491 64 y y NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 491 65 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 491 66 z z NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 491 67 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 491 68 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1664 491 69 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 491 70 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-1664 491 71 capital capital NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 491 72 forms form NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 491 73 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1664 491 74 A a NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 491 75 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 491 76 B b NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 491 77 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 491 78 C C NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 491 79 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 491 80 D d NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 491 81 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 491 82 E e NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 491 83 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 491 84 F F NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 491 85 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 491 86 G G NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 491 87 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 491 88 H h NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 491 89 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 491 90 I -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1664 491 91 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 491 92 J J NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 491 93 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 491 94 K K NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 491 95 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 491 96 L L NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 491 97 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 491 98 M M NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 491 99 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 491 100 N N NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 491 101 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 491 102 O o UH en-wikipedia-org-1664 491 103 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 491 104 P p NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 491 105 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 491 106 Q q NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 491 107 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 491 108 R R NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 491 109 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 491 110 S S NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 491 111 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 491 112 T T NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 491 113 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 491 114 U u NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 491 115 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 491 116 V V NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 491 117 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 491 118 W W NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 491 119 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 491 120 X X NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 491 121 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 491 122 Y Y NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 491 123 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 491 124 Z Z NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 491 125 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 491 126 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 492 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 492 2 spelling spelling NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 492 3 system system NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 492 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 492 5 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 492 6 orthography orthography NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 492 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 492 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 492 9 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 492 10 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 492 11 multi multi JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 492 12 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 492 13 layered layered JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 492 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 492 15 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 492 16 elements element NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 492 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 492 18 French french JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 492 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 492 20 Latin Latin NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 492 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 492 22 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 492 23 Greek greek JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 492 24 spelling spelling NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 492 25 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 492 26 top top NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 492 27 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 492 28 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 492 29 native native JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 492 30 Germanic germanic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 492 31 system system NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 492 32 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 493 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 493 2 237 237 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 493 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 493 4 Further further JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 493 5 complications complication NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 493 6 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-1664 493 7 arisen arise VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 493 8 through through IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 493 9 sound sound JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 493 10 changes change NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 493 11 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 493 12 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1664 493 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 493 14 orthography orthography NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 493 15 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 493 16 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 493 17 kept keep VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 493 18 pace pace NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 493 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 494 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 494 2 47 47 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 494 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 494 4 Compared compare VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 494 5 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 494 6 European european JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 494 7 languages language NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 494 8 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 494 9 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1664 494 10 official official JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 494 11 organisations organisation NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 494 12 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-1664 494 13 promoted promote VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 494 14 spelling spelling NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 494 15 reforms reform NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 494 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 494 17 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 494 18 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 494 19 spelling spelling NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 494 20 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-1664 494 21 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 494 22 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 494 23 less less RBR en-wikipedia-org-1664 494 24 consistent consistent JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 494 25 indicator indicator NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 494 26 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 494 27 pronunciation pronunciation NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 494 28 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 494 29 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 494 30 standard standard JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 494 31 spellings spelling NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 494 32 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 494 33 words word NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 494 34 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-1664 494 35 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1664 494 36 more more RBR en-wikipedia-org-1664 494 37 difficult difficult JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 494 38 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1664 494 39 guess guess VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 494 40 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 494 41 knowing know VBG en-wikipedia-org-1664 494 42 how how WRB en-wikipedia-org-1664 494 43 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 494 44 word word NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 494 45 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 494 46 pronounced pronounce VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 494 47 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 495 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 495 2 238 238 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 495 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 495 4 There there EX en-wikipedia-org-1664 495 5 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1664 495 6 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 495 7 systematic systematic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 495 8 spelling spelling NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 495 9 differences difference NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 495 10 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 495 11 British british JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 495 12 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 495 13 American American NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 495 14 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 495 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 496 1 These these DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 496 2 situations situation NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 496 3 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-1664 496 4 prompted prompt VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 496 5 proposals proposal NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 496 6 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 496 7 spelling spelling NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 496 8 reform reform NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 496 9 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 496 10 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 496 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 497 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 497 2 239 239 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 497 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 497 4 Although although IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 497 5 letters letter NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 497 6 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 497 7 speech speech NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 497 8 sounds sound NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 497 9 do do VBP en-wikipedia-org-1664 497 10 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 497 11 have have VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 497 12 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 497 13 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 497 14 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 497 15 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 497 16 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 497 17 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 497 18 correspondence correspondence NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 497 19 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 497 20 standard standard JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 497 21 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 497 22 spelling spelling NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 497 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 497 24 spelling spelling NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 497 25 rules rule NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 497 26 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-1664 497 27 take take VBP en-wikipedia-org-1664 497 28 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 497 29 account account NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 497 30 syllable syllable JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 497 31 structure structure NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 497 32 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 497 33 phonetic phonetic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 497 34 changes change NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 497 35 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 497 36 derived derive VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 497 37 words word NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 497 38 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 497 39 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 497 40 word word NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 497 41 accent accent NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 497 42 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1664 497 43 reliable reliable JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 497 44 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 497 45 most most JJS en-wikipedia-org-1664 497 46 English english JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 497 47 words word NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 497 48 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 498 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 498 2 240 240 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 498 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 498 4 Moreover moreover RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 498 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 498 6 standard standard JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 498 7 English english JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 498 8 spelling spelling NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 498 9 shows show VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 498 10 etymological etymological JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 498 11 relationships relationship NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 498 12 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 498 13 related related JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 498 14 words word NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 498 15 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-1664 498 16 would would MD en-wikipedia-org-1664 498 17 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 498 18 obscured obscure VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 498 19 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 498 20 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 498 21 closer close JJR en-wikipedia-org-1664 498 22 correspondence correspondence NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 498 23 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 498 24 pronunciation pronunciation NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 498 25 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 498 26 spelling spelling NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 498 27 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 498 28 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 498 29 example example NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 498 30 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 498 31 words word NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 498 32 photograph photograph NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 498 33 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 498 34 photography photography NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 498 35 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 498 36 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 498 37 photographic,[240 photographic,[240 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 498 38 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 498 39 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 498 40 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 498 41 words word NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 498 42 electricity electricity NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 498 43 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 498 44 electrical electrical JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 498 45 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 499 1 While while IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 499 2 few few JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 499 3 scholars scholar NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 499 4 agree agree VBP en-wikipedia-org-1664 499 5 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 499 6 Chomsky Chomsky NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 499 7 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 499 8 Halle Halle NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 499 9 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 499 10 1968 1968 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 499 11 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 499 12 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 499 13 conventional conventional JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 499 14 English english JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 499 15 orthography orthography NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 499 16 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 499 17 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1664 499 18 near near JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 499 19 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 499 20 optimal",[237 optimal",[237 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 499 21 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 499 22 there there EX en-wikipedia-org-1664 499 23 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 499 24 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 499 25 rationale rationale NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 499 26 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 499 27 current current JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 499 28 English english JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 499 29 spelling spelling NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 499 30 patterns pattern NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 499 31 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 500 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 500 2 241 241 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 500 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 500 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 500 5 standard standard JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 500 6 orthography orthography NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 500 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 500 8 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 500 9 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 500 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 500 11 most most RBS en-wikipedia-org-1664 500 12 widely widely RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 500 13 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 500 14 writing write VBG en-wikipedia-org-1664 500 15 system system NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 500 16 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 500 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 500 18 world world NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 500 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 501 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 501 2 242 242 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 501 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 501 4 Standard Standard NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 501 5 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 501 6 spelling spelling NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 501 7 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 501 8 based base VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 501 9 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 501 10 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 501 11 graphomorphemic graphomorphemic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 501 12 segmentation segmentation NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 501 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 501 14 words word NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 501 15 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 501 16 written write VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 501 17 clues clue NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 501 18 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 501 19 what what WP en-wikipedia-org-1664 501 20 meaningful meaningful JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 501 21 units unit NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 501 22 make make VBP en-wikipedia-org-1664 501 23 up up RP en-wikipedia-org-1664 501 24 each each DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 501 25 word word NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 501 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 502 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 502 2 243 243 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 502 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 502 4 Readers Readers NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1664 502 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 502 6 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 502 7 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-1664 502 8 generally generally RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 502 9 rely rely VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 502 10 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 502 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 502 12 correspondence correspondence NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 502 13 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 502 14 spelling spelling NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 502 15 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 502 16 pronunciation pronunciation NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 502 17 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1664 502 18 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 502 19 fairly fairly RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 502 20 regular regular JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 502 21 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 502 22 letters letter NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 502 23 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 502 24 digraphs digraph NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 502 25 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 502 26 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1664 502 27 spell spell VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 502 28 consonant consonant JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 502 29 sounds sound NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 502 30 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 503 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 503 2 letters letter NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 503 3 b b NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 503 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 503 5 d d NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 503 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 503 7 f f NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 503 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 503 9 h h NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 503 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 503 11 j j NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 503 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 503 13 k k NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 503 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 503 15 l l NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 503 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 503 17 m m NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 503 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 503 19 n n NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 503 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 503 21 p p NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 503 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 503 23 r r NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 503 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 503 25 s s NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 503 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 503 27 t t NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 503 28 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 503 29 v v NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 503 30 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 503 31 w w NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 503 32 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 503 33 y y NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 503 34 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 503 35 z z NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 503 36 represent represent NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 503 37 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 503 38 respectively respectively RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 503 39 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 503 40 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 503 41 phonemes phoneme NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 503 42 /b /b NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 503 43 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 503 44 d d NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 503 45 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 503 46 f f NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 503 47 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 503 48 h h NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 503 49 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 503 50 dʒ dʒ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 503 51 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 503 52 k k NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 503 53 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 503 54 l l NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 503 55 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 503 56 m m NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 503 57 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 503 58 n n NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 503 59 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 503 60 p p NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 503 61 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 503 62 r r NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 503 63 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 503 64 s s NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 503 65 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 503 66 t t NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 503 67 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 503 68 v v NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 503 69 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 503 70 w w NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 503 71 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 503 72 j j NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 503 73 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 503 74 z/. z/. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 504 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 504 2 letters letter NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 504 3 c c NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 504 4 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 504 5 g g NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 504 6 normally normally RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 504 7 represent represent VBP en-wikipedia-org-1664 504 8 /k/ /k/ . en-wikipedia-org-1664 504 9 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 504 10 /ɡ/ /ɡ/ . en-wikipedia-org-1664 504 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 504 12 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 504 13 there there EX en-wikipedia-org-1664 504 14 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 504 15 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 504 16 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 504 17 soft soft JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 504 18 c c NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 504 19 pronounced pronounce VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 504 20 /s/ /s/ : en-wikipedia-org-1664 504 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 504 22 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 504 23 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 504 24 soft soft JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 504 25 g g NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 504 26 pronounced pronounce VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 504 27 /dʒ/. /dʒ/. . en-wikipedia-org-1664 505 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 505 2 differences difference NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 505 3 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 505 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 505 5 pronunciations pronunciation NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 505 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 505 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 505 8 letters letter NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 505 9 c c NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 505 10 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 505 11 g g NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 505 12 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1664 505 13 often often RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 505 14 signalled signal VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 505 15 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 505 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 505 17 following follow VBG en-wikipedia-org-1664 505 18 letters letter NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 505 19 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 505 20 standard standard JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 505 21 English english JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 505 22 spelling spelling NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 505 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 506 1 Digraphs digraph NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 506 2 used use VBD en-wikipedia-org-1664 506 3 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1664 506 4 represent represent VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 506 5 phonemes phoneme NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 506 6 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 506 7 phoneme phoneme NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 506 8 sequences sequence NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 506 9 include include VBP en-wikipedia-org-1664 506 10 ch ch NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 506 11 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 506 12 /tʃ/ /tʃ/ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 506 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 506 14 sh sh NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 506 15 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 506 16 /ʃ/ /ʃ/ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 506 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 506 18 th th XX en-wikipedia-org-1664 506 19 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 506 20 /θ/ /θ/ . en-wikipedia-org-1664 506 21 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 506 22 /ð/ /ð/ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 506 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 506 24 ng ng RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 506 25 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 506 26 /ŋ/ /ŋ/ . en-wikipedia-org-1664 506 27 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 506 28 qu qu NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 506 29 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 506 30 /kw/ /kw/ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 506 31 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 506 32 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 506 33 ph ph NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 506 34 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 506 35 /f/ /f/ . en-wikipedia-org-1664 506 36 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 506 37 Greek Greek NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 506 38 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 506 39 derived derive VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 506 40 words word NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 506 41 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 507 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 507 2 single single JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 507 3 letter letter NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 507 4 x x SYM en-wikipedia-org-1664 507 5 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 507 6 generally generally RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 507 7 pronounced pronounce VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 507 8 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 507 9 /z/ /z/ . en-wikipedia-org-1664 507 10 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 507 11 word word NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 507 12 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 507 13 initial initial JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 507 14 position position NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 507 15 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 507 16 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 507 17 /ks/ /ks/ . en-wikipedia-org-1664 507 18 otherwise otherwise RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 507 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 508 1 There there EX en-wikipedia-org-1664 508 2 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1664 508 3 exceptions exception NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 508 4 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 508 5 these these DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 508 6 generalisations generalisation NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 508 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 508 8 often often RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 508 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 508 10 result result NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 508 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 508 12 loanwords loanword NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 508 13 being be VBG en-wikipedia-org-1664 508 14 spelled spell VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 508 15 according accord VBG en-wikipedia-org-1664 508 16 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 508 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 508 18 spelling spelling NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 508 19 patterns pattern NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 508 20 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 508 21 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1664 508 22 languages language NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 508 23 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 508 24 origin[240 origin[240 NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 508 25 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 508 26 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 508 27 residues residue NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 508 28 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 508 29 proposals proposal NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 508 30 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 508 31 scholars scholar NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 508 32 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 508 33 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 508 34 early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 508 35 period period NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 508 36 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 508 37 Modern Modern NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 508 38 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 508 39 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1664 508 40 follow follow VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 508 41 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 508 42 spelling spelling NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 508 43 patterns pattern NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 508 44 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 508 45 Latin Latin NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 508 46 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 508 47 English english JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 508 48 words word NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 508 49 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 508 50 Germanic germanic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 508 51 origin origin NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 508 52 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 509 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 509 2 244 244 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 509 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 509 4 For for IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 509 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 509 6 vowel vowel NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 509 7 sounds sound VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 509 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 509 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 509 10 English english JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 509 11 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 509 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 509 13 however however RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 509 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 509 15 correspondences correspondence NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 509 16 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 509 17 spelling spelling NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 509 18 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 509 19 pronunciation pronunciation NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 509 20 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1664 509 21 more more RBR en-wikipedia-org-1664 509 22 irregular irregular JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 509 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 510 1 There there EX en-wikipedia-org-1664 510 2 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1664 510 3 many many RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 510 4 more more JJR en-wikipedia-org-1664 510 5 vowel vowel NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 510 6 phonemes phoneme NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 510 7 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 510 8 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 510 9 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 510 10 there there EX en-wikipedia-org-1664 510 11 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1664 510 12 single single JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 510 13 vowel vowel NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 510 14 letters letter NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 510 15 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 510 16 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 510 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 510 18 e e NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 510 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 510 20 i i PRP en-wikipedia-org-1664 510 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 510 22 o o NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 510 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 510 24 u u NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 510 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 510 26 w w NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 510 27 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 510 28 y y NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 510 29 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 510 30 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 511 1 As as IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 511 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 511 3 result result NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 511 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 511 5 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 511 6 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1664 511 7 long long JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 511 8 vowels vowel NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 511 9 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1664 511 10 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1664 511 11 often often RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 511 12 indicated indicate VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 511 13 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 511 14 combinations combination NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 511 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 511 16 letters letter NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 511 17 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 511 18 like like IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 511 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 511 20 oa oa NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 511 21 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 511 22 boat boat NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 511 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 511 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 511 25 ow ow NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 511 26 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 511 27 how how WRB en-wikipedia-org-1664 511 28 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 511 29 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 511 30 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 511 31 ay ay NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 511 32 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 511 33 stay stay NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 511 34 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 511 35 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 511 36 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 511 37 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 511 38 historically historically RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 511 39 based base VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 511 40 silent silent JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 511 41 e e NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 511 42 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 511 43 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 511 44 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 511 45 note note NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 511 46 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 511 47 cake cake NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 511 48 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 511 49 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 512 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 512 2 241 241 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 512 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 512 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 512 5 consequence consequence NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 512 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 512 7 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 512 8 complex complex JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 512 9 orthographic orthographic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 512 10 history history NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 512 11 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 512 12 that that DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 512 13 learning learn VBG en-wikipedia-org-1664 512 14 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1664 512 15 read read VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 512 16 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-1664 512 17 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 512 18 challenging challenge VBG en-wikipedia-org-1664 512 19 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 512 20 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 512 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 513 1 It -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1664 513 2 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-1664 513 3 take take VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 513 4 longer long RBR en-wikipedia-org-1664 513 5 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 513 6 school school NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 513 7 pupils pupil NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 513 8 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1664 513 9 become become VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 513 10 independently independently RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 513 11 fluent fluent JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 513 12 readers reader NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 513 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 513 14 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 513 15 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 513 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 513 17 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 513 18 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 513 19 languages language NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 513 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 513 21 including include VBG en-wikipedia-org-1664 513 22 Italian italian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 513 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 513 24 Spanish spanish JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 513 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 513 26 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 513 27 German German NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 513 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 514 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 514 2 245 245 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 514 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 514 4 Nonetheless nonetheless RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 514 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 514 6 there there EX en-wikipedia-org-1664 514 7 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 514 8 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 514 9 advantage advantage NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 514 10 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 514 11 learners learner NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 514 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 514 13 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 514 14 reading read VBG en-wikipedia-org-1664 514 15 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 514 16 learning learn VBG en-wikipedia-org-1664 514 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 514 18 specific specific JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 514 19 sound sound JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 514 20 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 514 21 symbol symbol NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 514 22 regularities regularity NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 514 23 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-1664 514 24 occur occur VBP en-wikipedia-org-1664 514 25 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 514 26 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 514 27 standard standard JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 514 28 English english JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 514 29 spellings spelling NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 514 30 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 514 31 commonly commonly RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 514 32 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 514 33 words word NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 514 34 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 515 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 515 2 240 240 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 515 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 515 4 Such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 515 5 instruction instruction NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 515 6 greatly greatly RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 515 7 reduces reduce VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 515 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 515 9 risk risk NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 515 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 515 11 children child NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 515 12 experiencing experience VBG en-wikipedia-org-1664 515 13 reading read VBG en-wikipedia-org-1664 515 14 difficulties difficulty NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 515 15 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 515 16 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 515 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 516 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 516 2 246][247 246][247 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 516 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 516 4 Making make VBG en-wikipedia-org-1664 516 5 primary primary JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 516 6 school school NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 516 7 teachers teacher NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 516 8 more more RBR en-wikipedia-org-1664 516 9 aware aware JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 516 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 516 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 516 12 primacy primacy NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 516 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 516 14 morpheme morpheme NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 516 15 representation representation NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 516 16 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 516 17 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 516 18 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-1664 516 19 help help VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 516 20 learners learner NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 516 21 learn learn VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 516 22 more more RBR en-wikipedia-org-1664 516 23 efficiently efficiently RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 516 24 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1664 516 25 read read VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 516 26 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 516 27 write write VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 516 28 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 516 29 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 517 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 517 2 248 248 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 517 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 517 4 English english JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 517 5 writing writing NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 517 6 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 517 7 includes include VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 517 8 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 517 9 system system NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 517 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 517 11 punctuation punctuation NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 517 12 marks mark NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 517 13 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-1664 517 14 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 517 15 similar similar JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 517 16 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 517 17 those those DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 517 18 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 517 19 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 517 20 most most JJS en-wikipedia-org-1664 517 21 alphabetic alphabetic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 517 22 languages language NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 517 23 around around IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 517 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 517 25 world world NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 517 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 518 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 518 2 purpose purpose NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 518 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 518 4 punctuation punctuation NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 518 5 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 518 6 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1664 518 7 mark mark VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 518 8 meaningful meaningful JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 518 9 grammatical grammatical JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 518 10 relationships relationship NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 518 11 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 518 12 sentences sentence NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 518 13 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1664 518 14 aid aid VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 518 15 readers reader NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 518 16 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 518 17 understanding understand VBG en-wikipedia-org-1664 518 18 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 518 19 text text NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 518 20 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 518 21 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1664 518 22 indicate indicate VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 518 23 features feature NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 518 24 important important JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 518 25 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 518 26 reading read VBG en-wikipedia-org-1664 518 27 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 518 28 text text NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 518 29 aloud aloud RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 518 30 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 519 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 519 2 249 249 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 519 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 519 4 Dialects dialect NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 519 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 519 6 accents accent NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 519 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 519 8 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 519 9 varieties variety NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 519 10 Main Main NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 519 11 articles article NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 519 12 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1664 519 13 List list NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 519 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 519 15 dialects dialect NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 519 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 519 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 519 18 English english JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 519 19 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 519 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 519 21 World World NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 519 22 Englishes Englishes NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 519 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 519 24 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 519 25 regional regional JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 519 26 accents accent NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 519 27 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 519 28 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 519 29 Dialectologists Dialectologists NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1664 519 30 identify identify VBP en-wikipedia-org-1664 519 31 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 519 32 English english JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 519 33 dialects dialect NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 519 34 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 519 35 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1664 519 36 usually usually RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 519 37 refer refer VBP en-wikipedia-org-1664 519 38 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 519 39 regional regional JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 519 40 varieties variety NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 519 41 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-1664 519 42 differ differ VBP en-wikipedia-org-1664 519 43 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 519 44 each each DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 519 45 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 519 46 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 519 47 terms term NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 519 48 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 519 49 patterns pattern NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 519 50 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 519 51 grammar grammar NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 519 52 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 519 53 vocabulary vocabulary NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 519 54 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 519 55 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 519 56 pronunciation pronunciation NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 519 57 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 520 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 520 2 pronunciation pronunciation NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 520 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 520 4 particular particular JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 520 5 areas area NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 520 6 distinguishes distinguish VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 520 7 dialects dialect VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 520 8 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 520 9 separate separate JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 520 10 regional regional JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 520 11 accents accent NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 520 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 521 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 521 2 major major JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 521 3 native native JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 521 4 dialects dialect NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 521 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 521 6 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 521 7 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1664 521 8 often often RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 521 9 divided divide VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 521 10 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 521 11 linguists linguist NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 521 12 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 521 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 521 14 two two CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 521 15 extremely extremely RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 521 16 general general JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 521 17 categories category NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 521 18 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 521 19 British British NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 521 20 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 521 21 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 521 22 BrE BrE NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 521 23 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 521 24 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 521 25 North North NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 521 26 American American NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 521 27 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 521 28 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 521 29 NAE NAE NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 521 30 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 521 31 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 522 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 522 2 250 250 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 522 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 522 4 There there EX en-wikipedia-org-1664 522 5 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 522 6 exists exist VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 522 7 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 522 8 third third JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 522 9 common common JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 522 10 major major JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 522 11 grouping grouping NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 522 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 522 13 English english JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 522 14 varieties variety NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 522 15 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1664 522 16 Southern Southern NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 522 17 Hemisphere Hemisphere NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 522 18 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 522 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 522 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 522 21 most most RBS en-wikipedia-org-1664 522 22 prominent prominent JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 522 23 being be VBG en-wikipedia-org-1664 522 24 Australian australian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 522 25 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 522 26 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 522 27 Zealand Zealand NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 522 28 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 522 29 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 523 1 Britain Britain NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 523 2 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 523 3 Ireland Ireland NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 523 4 See See NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 523 5 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 523 6 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1664 523 7 English english JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 523 8 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 523 9 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 523 10 England England NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 523 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 523 12 Northern Northern NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 523 13 England England NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 523 14 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 523 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 523 16 Scots scot NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 523 17 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 523 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 523 19 Scottish Scottish NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 523 20 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 523 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 523 22 Welsh Welsh NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 523 23 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 523 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 523 25 Estuary Estuary NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 523 26 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 523 27 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 523 28 Ulster Ulster NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 523 29 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 523 30 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 523 31 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 523 32 Hiberno Hiberno NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 523 33 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 523 34 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 523 35 Map Map NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 523 36 showing show VBG en-wikipedia-org-1664 523 37 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 523 38 main main JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 523 39 dialect dialect NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 523 40 regions region NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 523 41 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 523 42 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 523 43 UK UK NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 523 44 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 523 45 Ireland Ireland NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 523 46 Speech Speech NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 523 47 example example NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 523 48 An an DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 523 49 example example NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 523 50 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 523 51 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 523 52 man man NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 523 53 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 523 54 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 523 55 ' ' `` en-wikipedia-org-1664 523 56 Received Received NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 523 57 Pronunciation Pronunciation NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 523 58 ' ' POS en-wikipedia-org-1664 523 59 accent accent NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 523 60 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 523 61 Gyles Gyles NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 523 62 Brandreth Brandreth NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 523 63 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 523 64 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 524 1 Problems problem NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 524 2 playing play VBG en-wikipedia-org-1664 524 3 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 524 4 file file NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 524 5 ? ? . en-wikipedia-org-1664 525 1 See see VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 525 2 media medium NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 525 3 help help NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 525 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 526 1 Speech speech NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 526 2 example example NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 526 3 An an DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 526 4 example example NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 526 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 526 6 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 526 7 man man NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 526 8 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 526 9 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 526 10 Cockney Cockney NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 526 11 accent accent NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 526 12 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 526 13 Danny Danny NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 526 14 Baker Baker NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 526 15 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 526 16 Problems problem NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 526 17 playing play VBG en-wikipedia-org-1664 526 18 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 526 19 file file NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 526 20 ? ? . en-wikipedia-org-1664 527 1 See see VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 527 2 media medium NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 527 3 help help NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 527 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 528 1 Due due IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 528 2 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 528 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 528 4 English english JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 528 5 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 528 6 having have VBG en-wikipedia-org-1664 528 7 first first RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 528 8 evolved evolve VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 528 9 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 528 10 Britain Britain NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 528 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 528 12 Ireland Ireland NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 528 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 528 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 528 15 archipelago archipelago NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 528 16 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 528 17 home home NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 528 18 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 528 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 528 20 most most RBS en-wikipedia-org-1664 528 21 diverse diverse JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 528 22 dialects dialect NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 528 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 528 24 particularly particularly RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 528 25 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 528 26 England England NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 528 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 529 1 Within within IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 529 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 529 3 United United NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 529 4 Kingdom Kingdom NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 529 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 529 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 529 7 Received Received NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 529 8 Pronunciation Pronunciation NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 529 9 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 529 10 RP RP NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 529 11 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 529 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 529 13 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 529 14 educated educate VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 529 15 dialect dialect NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 529 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 529 17 South South NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 529 18 East East NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 529 19 England England NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 529 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 529 21 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 529 22 traditionally traditionally RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 529 23 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 529 24 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 529 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 529 26 broadcast broadcast NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 529 27 standard standard NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 529 28 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 529 29 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 529 30 considered consider VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 529 31 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 529 32 most most RBS en-wikipedia-org-1664 529 33 prestigious prestigious JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 529 34 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 529 35 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 529 36 British british JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 529 37 dialects dialect NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 529 38 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 530 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 530 2 spread spread NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 530 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 530 4 RP RP NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 530 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 530 6 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 530 7 known know VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 530 8 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 530 9 BBC BBC NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 530 10 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 530 11 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 530 12 through through IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 530 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 530 14 media medium NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 530 15 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 530 16 caused cause VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 530 17 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 530 18 traditional traditional JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 530 19 dialects dialect NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 530 20 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 530 21 rural rural JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 530 22 England England NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 530 23 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 530 24 recede recede NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 530 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 530 26 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 530 27 youths youth NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 530 28 adopt adopt VBP en-wikipedia-org-1664 530 29 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 530 30 traits trait NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 530 31 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 530 32 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 530 33 prestige prestige NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 530 34 variety variety NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 530 35 instead instead RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 530 36 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 530 37 traits trait NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 530 38 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 530 39 local local JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 530 40 dialects dialect NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 530 41 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 531 1 At at IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 531 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 531 3 time time NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 531 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 531 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 531 6 Survey Survey NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 531 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 531 8 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 531 9 Dialects Dialects NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1664 531 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 531 11 grammar grammar NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 531 12 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 531 13 vocabulary vocabulary NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 531 14 differed differ VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 531 15 across across IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 531 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 531 17 country country NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 531 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 531 19 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 531 20 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 531 21 process process NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 531 22 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 531 23 lexical lexical JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 531 24 attrition attrition NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 531 25 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 531 26 led lead VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 531 27 most most JJS en-wikipedia-org-1664 531 28 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 531 29 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 531 30 variation variation NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 531 31 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1664 531 32 disappear disappear VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 531 33 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 532 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 532 2 251 251 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 532 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 532 4 Speech speech NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 532 5 example example NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 532 6 An an DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 532 7 example example NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 532 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 532 9 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 532 10 Essex Essex NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 532 11 male male NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 532 12 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 532 13 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 532 14 working work VBG en-wikipedia-org-1664 532 15 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 532 16 class class NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 532 17 Estuary estuary JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 532 18 accent accent NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 532 19 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 532 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 532 21 region region NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 532 22 around around IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 532 23 London London NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 532 24 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 532 25 Russell Russell NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 532 26 Brand Brand NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 532 27 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 532 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 533 1 Problems problem NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 533 2 playing play VBG en-wikipedia-org-1664 533 3 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 533 4 file file NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 533 5 ? ? . en-wikipedia-org-1664 534 1 See see VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 534 2 media medium NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 534 3 help help NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 534 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 535 1 Speech speech NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 535 2 example example NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 535 3 An an DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 535 4 example example NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 535 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 535 6 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 535 7 man man NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 535 8 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 535 9 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 535 10 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 535 11 West West NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 535 12 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 535 13 Yorkshire Yorkshire NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 535 14 accent accent NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 535 15 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 535 16 Lord Lord NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 535 17 John John NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 535 18 Prescott Prescott NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 535 19 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 535 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 536 1 Problems problem NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 536 2 playing play VBG en-wikipedia-org-1664 536 3 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 536 4 file file NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 536 5 ? ? . en-wikipedia-org-1664 537 1 See see VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 537 2 media medium NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 537 3 help help NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 537 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 538 1 Nonetheless nonetheless RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 538 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 538 3 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 538 4 attrition attrition NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 538 5 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 538 6 mostly mostly RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 538 7 affected affect VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 538 8 dialectal dialectal JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 538 9 variation variation NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 538 10 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 538 11 grammar grammar NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 538 12 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 538 13 vocabulary vocabulary NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 538 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 538 15 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 538 16 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 538 17 fact fact NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 538 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 538 19 only only RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 538 20 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 538 21 percent percent NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 538 22 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 538 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 538 24 English english JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 538 25 population population NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 538 26 actually actually RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 538 27 speak speak VBP en-wikipedia-org-1664 538 28 RP RP NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 538 29 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 538 30 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 538 31 remainder remainder NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 538 32 speaking speak VBG en-wikipedia-org-1664 538 33 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 538 34 regional regional JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 538 35 accents accent NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 538 36 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 538 37 dialects dialect NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 538 38 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 538 39 varying vary VBG en-wikipedia-org-1664 538 40 degrees degree NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 538 41 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 538 42 RP RP NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 538 43 influence influence NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 538 44 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 539 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 539 2 252 252 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 539 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 539 4 There there EX en-wikipedia-org-1664 539 5 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 539 6 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 539 7 variability variability NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 539 8 within within IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 539 9 RP RP NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 539 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 539 11 particularly particularly RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 539 12 along along IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 539 13 class class NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 539 14 lines line NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 539 15 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 539 16 Upper Upper NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 539 17 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 539 18 Middle middle JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 539 19 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 539 20 class class NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 539 21 RP RP NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 539 22 speakers speaker NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 539 23 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 539 24 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 539 25 native native JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 539 26 RP RP NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 539 27 speakers speaker NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 539 28 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 539 29 speakers speaker NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 539 30 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-1664 539 31 adopt adopt VBP en-wikipedia-org-1664 539 32 RP RP NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 539 33 later later RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 539 34 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 539 35 life life NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 539 36 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 540 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 540 2 253 253 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 540 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 540 4 Within within IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 540 5 Britain Britain NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 540 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 540 7 there there EX en-wikipedia-org-1664 540 8 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 540 9 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 540 10 considerable considerable JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 540 11 variation variation NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 540 12 along along IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 540 13 lines line NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 540 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 540 15 social social JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 540 16 class class NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 540 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 540 18 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 540 19 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 540 20 traits trait NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 540 21 though though IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 540 22 exceedingly exceedingly RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 540 23 common common JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 540 24 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1664 540 25 considered consider VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 540 26 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1664 540 27 non non JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 540 28 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 540 29 standard standard JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 540 30 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1664 540 31 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 540 32 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1664 540 33 associated associate VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 540 34 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 540 35 lower low JJR en-wikipedia-org-1664 540 36 class class NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 540 37 speakers speaker NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 540 38 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 540 39 identities identity NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 540 40 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 541 1 An an DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 541 2 example example NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 541 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 541 4 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 541 5 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 541 6 H h NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 541 7 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 541 8 dropping dropping NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 541 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 541 10 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1664 541 11 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1664 541 12 historically historically RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 541 13 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 541 14 feature feature NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 541 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 541 16 lower low JJR en-wikipedia-org-1664 541 17 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 541 18 class class NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 541 19 London London NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 541 20 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 541 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 541 22 particularly particularly RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 541 23 Cockney Cockney NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 541 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 541 25 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 541 26 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-1664 541 27 now now RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 541 28 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 541 29 heard hear VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 541 30 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 541 31 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 541 32 local local JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 541 33 accents accent NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 541 34 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 541 35 most most JJS en-wikipedia-org-1664 541 36 parts part NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 541 37 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 541 38 England England NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 541 39 — — : en-wikipedia-org-1664 541 40 yet yet CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 541 41 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1664 541 42 remains remain VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 541 43 largely largely RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 541 44 absent absent JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 541 45 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 541 46 broadcasting broadcasting NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 541 47 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 541 48 among among IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 541 49 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 541 50 upper upper JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 541 51 crust crust NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 541 52 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 541 53 British british JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 541 54 society society NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 541 55 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 542 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 542 2 254 254 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 542 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 542 4 Speech speech NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 542 5 example example NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 542 6 An an DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 542 7 example example NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 542 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 542 9 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 542 10 man man NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 542 11 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 542 12 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 542 13 contemporary contemporary JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 542 14 Liverpool Liverpool NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 542 15 accent accent NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 542 16 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 542 17 John John NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 542 18 Bishop Bishop NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 542 19 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 542 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 543 1 Problems problem NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 543 2 playing play VBG en-wikipedia-org-1664 543 3 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 543 4 file file NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 543 5 ? ? . en-wikipedia-org-1664 544 1 See see VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 544 2 media medium NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 544 3 help help NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 544 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 545 1 Speech speech NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 545 2 example example NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 545 3 An an DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 545 4 example example NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 545 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 545 6 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 545 7 man man NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 545 8 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 545 9 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 545 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 545 11 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 545 12 Scottish scottish JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 545 13 accents accent NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 545 14 spoken speak VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 545 15 across across IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 545 16 Scotland Scotland NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 545 17 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 545 18 Alex Alex NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 545 19 Salmond Salmond NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 545 20 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 545 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 546 1 Problems problem NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 546 2 playing play VBG en-wikipedia-org-1664 546 3 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 546 4 file file NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 546 5 ? ? . en-wikipedia-org-1664 547 1 See see VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 547 2 media medium NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 547 3 help help NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 547 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 548 1 Speech speech NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 548 2 example example NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 548 3 An an DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 548 4 example example NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 548 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 548 6 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 548 7 man man NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 548 8 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 548 9 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 548 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 548 11 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 548 12 Irish irish JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 548 13 accents accent NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 548 14 spoken speak VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 548 15 across across IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 548 16 Ireland Ireland NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 548 17 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 548 18 Terry Terry NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 548 19 Wogan Wogan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 548 20 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 548 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 549 1 Problems problem NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 549 2 playing play VBG en-wikipedia-org-1664 549 3 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 549 4 file file NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 549 5 ? ? . en-wikipedia-org-1664 550 1 See see VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 550 2 media medium NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 550 3 help help NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 550 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 551 1 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 551 2 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 551 3 England England NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 551 4 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-1664 551 5 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 551 6 divided divide VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 551 7 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 551 8 four four CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 551 9 major major JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 551 10 dialect dialect NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 551 11 regions region NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 551 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 551 13 Southwest Southwest NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 551 14 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 551 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 551 16 South South NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 551 17 East East NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 551 18 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 551 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 551 20 Midlands Midlands NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 551 21 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 551 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 551 23 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 551 24 Northern Northern NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 551 25 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 551 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 552 1 Within within IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 552 2 each each DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 552 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 552 4 these these DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 552 5 regions region NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 552 6 several several JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 552 7 local local JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 552 8 subdialects subdialect NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 552 9 exist exist VBP en-wikipedia-org-1664 552 10 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1664 552 11 Within within IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 552 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 552 13 Northern northern JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 552 14 region region NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 552 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 552 16 there there EX en-wikipedia-org-1664 552 17 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 552 18 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 552 19 division division NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 552 20 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 552 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 552 22 Yorkshire Yorkshire NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 552 23 dialects dialect NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 552 24 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 552 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 552 26 Geordie Geordie NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 552 27 dialect dialect NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 552 28 spoken speak VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 552 29 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 552 30 Northumbria Northumbria NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 552 31 around around IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 552 32 Newcastle Newcastle NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 552 33 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 552 34 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 552 35 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 552 36 Lancashire Lancashire NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 552 37 dialects dialect VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 552 38 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 552 39 local local JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 552 40 urban urban JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 552 41 dialects dialect NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 552 42 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 552 43 Liverpool Liverpool NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 552 44 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 552 45 Scouse Scouse NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 552 46 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 552 47 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 552 48 Manchester Manchester NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 552 49 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 552 50 Mancunian Mancunian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 552 51 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 552 52 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 553 1 Having have VBG en-wikipedia-org-1664 553 2 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 553 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 553 4 centre centre NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 553 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 553 6 Danish danish JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 553 7 occupation occupation NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 553 8 during during IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 553 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 553 10 Viking Viking NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 553 11 Invasions Invasions NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1664 553 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 553 13 Northern Northern NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 553 14 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 553 15 dialects dialect NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 553 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 553 17 particularly particularly RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 553 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 553 19 Yorkshire Yorkshire NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 553 20 dialect dialect NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 553 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 553 22 retain retain VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 553 23 Norse Norse NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 553 24 features feature VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 553 25 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 553 26 found find VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 553 27 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 553 28 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 553 29 English english JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 553 30 varieties variety NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 553 31 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 554 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 554 2 255 255 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 554 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 554 4 Since since IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 554 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 554 6 15th 15th JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 554 7 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 554 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 554 9 southeastern southeastern JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 554 10 England England NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 554 11 varieties variety NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 554 12 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-1664 554 13 centred centre VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 554 14 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 554 15 London London NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 554 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 554 17 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1664 554 18 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 554 19 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 554 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 554 21 centre centre NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 554 22 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 554 23 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1664 554 24 dialectal dialectal JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 554 25 innovations innovation NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 554 26 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-1664 554 27 spread spread VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 554 28 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 554 29 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 554 30 dialects dialect NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 554 31 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 555 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 555 2 London London NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 555 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 555 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 555 5 Cockney Cockney NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 555 6 dialect dialect NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 555 7 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1664 555 8 traditionally traditionally RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 555 9 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 555 10 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 555 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 555 12 lower low JJR en-wikipedia-org-1664 555 13 classes class NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 555 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 555 15 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 555 16 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1664 555 17 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1664 555 18 long long RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 555 19 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 555 20 socially socially RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 555 21 stigmatised stigmatise VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 555 22 variety variety NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 555 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 556 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 556 2 spread spread NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 556 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 556 4 Cockney Cockney NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 556 5 features feature NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 556 6 across across IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 556 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 556 8 south south JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 556 9 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 556 10 east east NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 556 11 led lead VBD en-wikipedia-org-1664 556 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 556 13 media medium NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 556 14 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1664 556 15 talk talk VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 556 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 556 17 Estuary Estuary NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 556 18 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 556 19 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 556 20 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 556 21 new new JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 556 22 dialect dialect NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 556 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 556 24 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 556 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 556 26 notion notion NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 556 27 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1664 556 28 criticised criticise VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 556 29 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 556 30 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 556 31 linguists linguist NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 556 32 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 556 33 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 556 34 grounds ground NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 556 35 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 556 36 London London NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 556 37 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-1664 556 38 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 556 39 influencing influence VBG en-wikipedia-org-1664 556 40 neighbouring neighbouring NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 556 41 regions region NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 556 42 throughout throughout IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 556 43 history history NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 556 44 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 557 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 557 2 256][257][258 256][257][258 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 557 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 557 4 Traits trait NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 557 5 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-1664 557 6 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-1664 557 7 spread spread VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 557 8 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 557 9 London London NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 557 10 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 557 11 recent recent JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 557 12 decades decade NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 557 13 include include VBP en-wikipedia-org-1664 557 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 557 15 use use NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 557 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 557 17 intrusive intrusive JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 557 18 R r NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 557 19 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 557 20 drawing drawing NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 557 21 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 557 22 pronounced pronounce VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 557 23 drawring drawre VBG en-wikipedia-org-1664 557 24 /ˈdrɔːrɪŋ/ /ˈdrɔːrɪŋ/ NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 557 25 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 557 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 557 27 t t NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 557 28 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 557 29 glottalisation glottalisation NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 557 30 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 557 31 Potter potter NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 557 32 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 557 33 pronounced pronounce VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 557 34 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 557 35 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 557 36 glottal glottal JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 557 37 stop stop NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 557 38 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 557 39 Po'er Po'er NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 557 40 /poʔʌ/ /poʔʌ/ NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 557 41 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 557 42 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 557 43 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 557 44 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 557 45 pronunciation pronunciation NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 557 46 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 557 47 th- th- DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 557 48 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 557 49 /f/ /f/ . en-wikipedia-org-1664 557 50 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 557 51 thanks thank NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 557 52 pronounced pronounce VBD en-wikipedia-org-1664 557 53 fanks fank NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 557 54 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 557 55 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 557 56 /v/ /v/ . en-wikipedia-org-1664 557 57 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 557 58 bother bother NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 557 59 pronounced pronounce VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 557 60 bover bover NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 557 61 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 557 62 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 558 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 558 2 259 259 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 558 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 558 4 Scots scot NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 558 5 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 558 6 today today NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 558 7 considered consider VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 558 8 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 558 9 separate separate JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 558 10 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 558 11 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 558 12 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 558 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 558 14 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 558 15 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1664 558 16 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 558 17 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1664 558 18 origins origin NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 558 19 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 558 20 early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 558 21 Northern Northern NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 558 22 Middle Middle NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 558 23 English[260 English[260 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 558 24 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 558 25 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 558 26 developed develop VBD en-wikipedia-org-1664 558 27 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 558 28 changed change VBD en-wikipedia-org-1664 558 29 during during IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 558 30 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1664 558 31 history history NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 558 32 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 558 33 influence influence NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 558 34 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 558 35 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 558 36 sources source NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 558 37 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 558 38 particularly particularly RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 558 39 Scots Scots NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1664 558 40 Gaelic Gaelic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 558 41 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 558 42 Old Old NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 558 43 Norse Norse NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 558 44 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 559 1 Scots scot NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 559 2 itself -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1664 559 3 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 559 4 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 559 5 number number NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 559 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 559 7 regional regional JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 559 8 dialects dialect NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 559 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 560 1 And and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 560 2 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 560 3 addition addition NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 560 4 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 560 5 Scots scot NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 560 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 560 7 Scottish Scottish NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 560 8 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 560 9 comprises comprise VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 560 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 560 11 varieties variety NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 560 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 560 13 Standard Standard NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 560 14 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 560 15 spoken speak VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 560 16 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 560 17 Scotland Scotland NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 560 18 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1664 560 19 most most JJS en-wikipedia-org-1664 560 20 varieties variety NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 560 21 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1664 560 22 Northern northern JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 560 23 English english JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 560 24 accents accent NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 560 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 560 26 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 560 27 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 560 28 influence influence NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 560 29 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 560 30 Scots scot NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 560 31 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 561 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 561 2 261 261 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 561 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 561 4 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 561 5 Ireland Ireland NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 561 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 561 7 various various JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 561 8 forms form NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 561 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 561 10 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 561 11 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-1664 561 12 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 561 13 spoken speak VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 561 14 since since IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 561 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 561 16 Norman Norman NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 561 17 invasions invasion NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 561 18 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 561 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 561 20 11th 11th JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 561 21 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 561 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 562 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 562 2 County County NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 562 3 Wexford Wexford NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 562 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 562 5 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 562 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 562 7 area area NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 562 8 surrounding surround VBG en-wikipedia-org-1664 562 9 Dublin Dublin NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 562 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 562 11 two two CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 562 12 extinct extinct JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 562 13 dialects dialect NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 562 14 known know VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 562 15 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 562 16 Forth Forth NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 562 17 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 562 18 Bargy Bargy NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 562 19 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 562 20 Fingallian Fingallian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 562 21 developed develop VBD en-wikipedia-org-1664 562 22 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 562 23 offshoots offshoot NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 562 24 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 562 25 Early Early NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 562 26 Middle Middle NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 562 27 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 562 28 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 562 29 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 562 30 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1664 562 31 spoken speak VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 562 32 until until IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 562 33 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 562 34 19th 19th JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 562 35 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 562 36 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 563 1 Modern modern JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 563 2 Irish Irish NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 563 3 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 563 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 563 5 however however RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 563 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 563 7 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 563 8 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1664 563 9 roots root NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 563 10 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 563 11 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 563 12 colonisation colonisation NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 563 13 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 563 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 563 15 17th 17th JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 563 16 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 563 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 564 1 Today today NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 564 2 Irish Irish NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 564 3 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 564 4 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 564 5 divided divide VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 564 6 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 564 7 Ulster Ulster NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 564 8 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 564 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 564 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 564 11 Northern Northern NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 564 12 Ireland Ireland NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 564 13 dialect dialect VBP en-wikipedia-org-1664 564 14 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 564 15 strong strong JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 564 16 influence influence NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 564 17 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 564 18 Scots Scots NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1664 564 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 564 20 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 564 21 various various JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 564 22 dialects dialect NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 564 23 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 564 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 564 25 Republic Republic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 564 26 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 564 27 Ireland Ireland NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 564 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 565 1 Like like IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 565 2 Scottish Scottish NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 565 3 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 565 4 most most JJS en-wikipedia-org-1664 565 5 North north JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 565 6 American american JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 565 7 accents accent NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 565 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 565 9 almost almost RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 565 10 all all DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 565 11 Irish irish JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 565 12 accents accent NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 565 13 preserve preserve VBP en-wikipedia-org-1664 565 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 565 15 rhoticity rhoticity NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 565 16 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1664 565 17 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 565 18 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 565 19 lost lose VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 565 20 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 565 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 565 22 dialects dialect NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 565 23 influenced influence VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 565 24 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 565 25 RP RP NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 565 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 566 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 566 2 20][262 20][262 NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 566 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 566 4 North North NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 566 5 America America NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 566 6 Main Main NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 566 7 articles article NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 566 8 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1664 566 9 American American NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 566 10 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 566 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 566 12 General General NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 566 13 American American NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 566 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 566 15 African african JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 566 16 American American NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 566 17 Vernacular Vernacular NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 566 18 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 566 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 566 20 Southern Southern NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 566 21 American American NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 566 22 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 566 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 566 24 Canadian Canadian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 566 25 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 566 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 566 27 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 566 28 Atlantic Atlantic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 566 29 Canadian Canadian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 566 30 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 566 31 Speech Speech NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 566 32 example example NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 566 33 An an DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 566 34 example example NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 566 35 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 566 36 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 566 37 Midwestern Midwestern NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 566 38 U.S. U.S. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 566 39 male male NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 566 40 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 566 41 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 566 42 general general JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 566 43 American american JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 566 44 accent accent NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 566 45 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 566 46 Emery Emery NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 566 47 Emery Emery NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 566 48 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 566 49 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 567 1 Problems problem NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 567 2 playing play VBG en-wikipedia-org-1664 567 3 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 567 4 file file NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 567 5 ? ? . en-wikipedia-org-1664 568 1 See see VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 568 2 media medium NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 568 3 help help NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 568 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 569 1 Speech speech NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 569 2 example example NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 569 3 An an DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 569 4 example example NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 569 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 569 6 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 569 7 Texan Texan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 569 8 male male NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 569 9 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 569 10 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 569 11 Southern Southern NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 569 12 U.S. U.S. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 569 13 accent accent NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 569 14 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 569 15 George George NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 569 16 W. W. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 569 17 Bush Bush NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 569 18 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 569 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 570 1 Problems problem NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 570 2 playing play VBG en-wikipedia-org-1664 570 3 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 570 4 file file NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 570 5 ? ? . en-wikipedia-org-1664 571 1 See see VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 571 2 media medium NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 571 3 help help NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 571 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 572 1 Speech speech NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 572 2 example example NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 572 3 An an DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 572 4 example example NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 572 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 572 6 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 572 7 Ontario Ontario NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 572 8 woman woman NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 572 9 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 572 10 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 572 11 standard standard JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 572 12 Canadian canadian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 572 13 accent accent NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 572 14 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 572 15 Margaret Margaret NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 572 16 Atwood Atwood NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 572 17 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 572 18 Problems problem NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 572 19 playing play VBG en-wikipedia-org-1664 572 20 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 572 21 file file NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 572 22 ? ? . en-wikipedia-org-1664 573 1 See see VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 573 2 media medium NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 573 3 help help NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 573 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 574 1 Rhoticity rhoticity NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 574 2 dominates dominate VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 574 3 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 574 4 North North NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 574 5 American American NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 574 6 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 574 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 575 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 575 2 Atlas Atlas NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 575 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 575 4 North North NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 575 5 American American NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 575 6 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 575 7 found find VBD en-wikipedia-org-1664 575 8 over over IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 575 9 50 50 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 575 10 % % NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 575 11 non non JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 575 12 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 575 13 rhoticity rhoticity JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 575 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 575 15 though though RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 575 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 575 17 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 575 18 at at RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 575 19 least least RBS en-wikipedia-org-1664 575 20 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 575 21 local local JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 575 22 white white JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 575 23 speaker speaker NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 575 24 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 575 25 each each DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 575 26 U.S. U.S. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 575 27 metropolitan metropolitan JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 575 28 area area NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 575 29 designated designate VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 575 30 here here RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 575 31 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 575 32 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 575 33 red red JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 575 34 dot dot NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 575 35 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 576 1 Non non JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 576 2 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 576 3 rhotic rhotic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 576 4 African african JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 576 5 American american JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 576 6 Vernacular vernacular JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 576 7 English english JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 576 8 pronunciations pronunciation NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 576 9 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-1664 576 10 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 576 11 found find VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 576 12 among among IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 576 13 African African NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 576 14 Americans Americans NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1664 576 15 regardless regardless RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 576 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 576 17 location location NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 576 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 577 1 North North NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 577 2 American American NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 577 3 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 577 4 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 577 5 fairly fairly RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 577 6 homogeneous homogeneous JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 577 7 compared compare VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 577 8 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 577 9 British British NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 577 10 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 577 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 578 1 Today today NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 578 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 578 3 American american JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 578 4 accent accent JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 578 5 variation variation NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 578 6 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 578 7 often often RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 578 8 increasing increase VBG en-wikipedia-org-1664 578 9 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 578 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 578 11 regional regional JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 578 12 level level NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 578 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 578 14 decreasing decrease VBG en-wikipedia-org-1664 578 15 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 578 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 578 17 very very RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 578 18 local local JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 578 19 level,[263 level,[263 NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 578 20 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 578 21 though though IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 578 22 most most JJS en-wikipedia-org-1664 578 23 Americans Americans NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1664 578 24 still still RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 578 25 speak speak VBP en-wikipedia-org-1664 578 26 within within IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 578 27 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 578 28 phonological phonological JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 578 29 continuum continuum NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 578 30 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 578 31 similar similar JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 578 32 accents,[264 accents,[264 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 578 33 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 578 34 known know VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 578 35 collectively collectively RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 578 36 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 578 37 General General NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 578 38 American American NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 578 39 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 578 40 GA GA NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 578 41 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 578 42 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 578 43 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 578 44 differences difference NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 578 45 hardly hardly RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 578 46 noticed notice VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 578 47 even even RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 578 48 among among IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 578 49 Americans Americans NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1664 578 50 themselves -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1664 578 51 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 578 52 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 578 53 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 578 54 Midland Midland NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 578 55 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 578 56 Western Western NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 578 57 American American NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 578 58 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 578 59 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 578 60 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 579 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 579 2 265][266][267 265][266][267 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 579 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 579 4 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 579 5 most most JJS en-wikipedia-org-1664 579 6 American american JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 579 7 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 579 8 Canadian canadian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 579 9 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 579 10 dialects dialect NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 579 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 579 12 rhoticity rhoticity NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 579 13 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 579 14 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 579 15 r r NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 579 16 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 579 17 fulness fulness NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 579 18 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 579 19 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 579 20 dominant dominant JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 579 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 579 22 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 579 23 non non JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 579 24 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 579 25 rhoticity rhoticity JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 579 26 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 579 27 r r NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 579 28 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 579 29 dropping dropping NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 579 30 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 579 31 becoming become VBG en-wikipedia-org-1664 579 32 associated associate VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 579 33 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 579 34 lower low JJR en-wikipedia-org-1664 579 35 prestige prestige NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 579 36 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 579 37 social social JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 579 38 class class NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 579 39 especially especially RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 579 40 after after IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 579 41 World World NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 579 42 War War NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 579 43 II II NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 579 44 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1664 579 45 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 579 46 contrasts contrast VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 579 47 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 579 48 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 579 49 situation situation NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 579 50 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 579 51 England England NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 579 52 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 579 53 where where WRB en-wikipedia-org-1664 579 54 non non JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 579 55 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 579 56 rhoticity rhoticity NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 579 57 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 579 58 become become VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 579 59 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 579 60 standard standard NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 579 61 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 580 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 580 2 268 268 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 580 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 580 4 Separate separate JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 580 5 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 580 6 GA GA NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 580 7 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1664 580 8 American american JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 580 9 dialects dialect NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 580 10 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 580 11 clearly clearly RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 580 12 distinct distinct JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 580 13 sound sound NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 580 14 systems system NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 580 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 580 16 historically historically RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 580 17 including include VBG en-wikipedia-org-1664 580 18 Southern Southern NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 580 19 American American NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 580 20 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 580 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 580 22 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 580 23 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 580 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 580 25 coastal coastal JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 580 26 Northeast Northeast NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 580 27 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 580 28 famously famously RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 580 29 including include VBG en-wikipedia-org-1664 580 30 Eastern Eastern NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 580 31 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 580 32 England England NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 580 33 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 580 34 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 580 35 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 580 36 York York NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 580 37 City City NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 580 38 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 580 39 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 580 40 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 580 41 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 580 42 African african JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 580 43 American American NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 580 44 Vernacular Vernacular NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 580 45 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 580 46 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 580 47 all all DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 580 48 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 580 49 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1664 580 50 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1664 580 51 historically historically RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 580 52 non non JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 580 53 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 580 54 rhotic rhotic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 580 55 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 581 1 Canadian canadian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 581 2 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 581 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 581 4 except except IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 581 5 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 581 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 581 7 Atlantic atlantic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 581 8 provinces province NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 581 9 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 581 10 perhaps perhaps RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 581 11 Quebec Quebec NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 581 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 581 13 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-1664 581 14 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 581 15 classified classify VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 581 16 under under IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 581 17 GA GA NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 581 18 as as RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 581 19 well well RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 581 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 581 21 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 581 22 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1664 581 23 often often RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 581 24 shows show VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 581 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 581 26 raising raising NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 581 27 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 581 28 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 581 29 vowels vowel NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 581 30 /aɪ/ /aɪ/ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 581 31 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 581 32 /aʊ/ /aʊ/ SYM en-wikipedia-org-1664 581 33 before before IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 581 34 voiceless voiceless JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 581 35 consonants consonant NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 581 36 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 581 37 as as RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 581 38 well well RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 581 39 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 581 40 distinct distinct JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 581 41 norms norm NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 581 42 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 581 43 written write VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 581 44 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 581 45 pronunciation pronunciation NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 581 46 standards standard NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 581 47 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 582 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 582 2 269 269 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 582 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 582 4 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 582 5 Southern Southern NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 582 6 American American NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 582 7 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 582 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 582 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 582 10 most most RBS en-wikipedia-org-1664 582 11 populous populous JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 582 12 American american JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 582 13 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1664 582 14 accent accent JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 582 15 group group NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 582 16 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1664 582 17 outside outside IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 582 18 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 582 19 GA,[270 GA,[270 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 582 20 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 582 21 rhoticity rhoticity NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 582 22 now now RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 582 23 strongly strongly RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 582 24 prevails prevail VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 582 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 582 26 replacing replace VBG en-wikipedia-org-1664 582 27 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 582 28 region region NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 582 29 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-1664 582 30 historical historical JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 582 31 non non JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 582 32 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 582 33 rhotic rhotic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 582 34 prestige prestige NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 582 35 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 583 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 583 2 271][272][273 271][272][273 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 583 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 583 4 Southern southern JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 583 5 accents accent NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 583 6 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1664 583 7 colloquially colloquially RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 583 8 described describe VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 583 9 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 583 10 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 583 11 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1664 583 12 drawl drawl JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 583 13 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1664 583 14 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 583 15 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1664 583 16 twang,"[274 twang,"[274 NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 583 17 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 583 18 being be VBG en-wikipedia-org-1664 583 19 recognised recognise VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 583 20 most most RBS en-wikipedia-org-1664 583 21 readily readily RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 583 22 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 583 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 583 24 Southern Southern NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 583 25 Vowel Vowel NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 583 26 Shift Shift NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 583 27 initiated initiate VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 583 28 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 583 29 glide glide NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 583 30 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 583 31 deleting deleting NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 583 32 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 583 33 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 583 34 /aɪ/ /aɪ/ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 583 35 vowel vowel NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 583 36 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 583 37 e.g. e.g. RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 584 1 pronouncing pronounce VBG en-wikipedia-org-1664 584 2 spy spy NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 584 3 almost almost RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 584 4 like like IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 584 5 spa spa NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 584 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 584 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 584 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 584 9 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1664 584 10 Southern southern JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 584 11 breaking breaking NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 584 12 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1664 584 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 584 14 several several JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 584 15 front front JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 584 16 pure pure JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 584 17 vowels vowel NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 584 18 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 584 19 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 584 20 gliding glide VBG en-wikipedia-org-1664 584 21 vowel vowel NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 584 22 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 584 23 even even RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 584 24 two two CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 584 25 syllables syllable NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 584 26 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 584 27 e.g. e.g. RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 585 1 pronouncing pronounce VBG en-wikipedia-org-1664 585 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 585 3 word word NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 585 4 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1664 585 5 press press NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 585 6 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1664 585 7 almost almost RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 585 8 like like IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 585 9 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1664 585 10 pray pray NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 585 11 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 585 12 us"),[275 us"),[275 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 585 13 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 585 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 585 15 pin pin NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 585 16 – – : en-wikipedia-org-1664 585 17 pen pen NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 585 18 merger merger NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 585 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 585 20 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 585 21 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 585 22 distinctive distinctive JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 585 23 phonological phonological JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 585 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 585 25 grammatical grammatical JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 585 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 585 27 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 585 28 lexical lexical JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 585 29 features feature NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 585 30 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 585 31 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 585 32 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 585 33 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1664 585 34 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1664 585 35 actually actually RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 585 36 recent recent JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 585 37 developments development NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 585 38 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 585 39 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 585 40 19th 19th JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 585 41 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 585 42 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 585 43 later later RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 585 44 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 586 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 586 2 276 276 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 586 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 586 4 Today today NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 586 5 spoken speak VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 586 6 primarily primarily RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 586 7 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 586 8 working- working- JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 586 9 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 586 10 middle middle JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 586 11 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 586 12 class class NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 586 13 African African NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 586 14 Americans Americans NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1664 586 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 586 16 African african JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 586 17 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 586 18 American american JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 586 19 Vernacular Vernacular NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 586 20 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 586 21 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 586 22 AAVE AAVE NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 586 23 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 586 24 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 586 25 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 586 26 largely largely RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 586 27 non non JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 586 28 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 586 29 rhotic rhotic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 586 30 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 586 31 likely likely RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 586 32 originated originate VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 586 33 among among IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 586 34 enslaved enslave VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 586 35 Africans Africans NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1664 586 36 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 586 37 African African NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1664 586 38 Americans Americans NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1664 586 39 influenced influence VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 586 40 primarily primarily RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 586 41 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 586 42 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 586 43 non non JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 586 44 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 586 45 rhotic rhotic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 586 46 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 586 47 non non JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 586 48 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 586 49 standard standard JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 586 50 older old JJR en-wikipedia-org-1664 586 51 Southern southern JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 586 52 dialects dialect NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 586 53 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 587 1 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 587 2 minority minority NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 587 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 587 4 linguists,[277 linguists,[277 NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 587 5 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 587 6 contrarily contrarily RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 587 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 587 8 propose propose VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 587 9 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 587 10 AAVE AAVE NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 587 11 mostly mostly RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 587 12 traces trace VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 587 13 back back RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 587 14 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 587 15 African african JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 587 16 languages language NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 587 17 spoken speak VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 587 18 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 587 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 587 20 slaves slave NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 587 21 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-1664 587 22 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-1664 587 23 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1664 587 24 develop develop VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 587 25 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 587 26 pidgin pidgin JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 587 27 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 587 28 Creole Creole NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 587 29 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 587 30 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1664 587 31 communicate communicate VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 587 32 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 587 33 slaves slave NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 587 34 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 587 35 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 587 36 ethnic ethnic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 587 37 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 587 38 linguistic linguistic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 587 39 origins origin NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 587 40 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 588 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 588 2 278 278 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 588 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 588 4 AAVE AAVE NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 588 5 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-1664 588 6 important important JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 588 7 commonalities commonality NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 588 8 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 588 9 Southern southern JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 588 10 accents accent NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 588 11 suggests suggest VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 588 12 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1664 588 13 developed develop VBD en-wikipedia-org-1664 588 14 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 588 15 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 588 16 highly highly RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 588 17 coherent coherent JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 588 18 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 588 19 homogeneous homogeneous JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 588 20 variety variety NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 588 21 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 588 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 588 23 19th 19th JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 588 24 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 588 25 early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 588 26 20th 20th JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 588 27 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 588 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 589 1 AAVE AAVE NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 589 2 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 589 3 commonly commonly RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 589 4 stigmatised stigmatise VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 589 5 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 589 6 North North NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 589 7 America America NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 589 8 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 589 9 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 589 10 form form NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 589 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 589 12 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1664 589 13 broken break VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 589 14 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1664 589 15 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 589 16 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1664 589 17 uneducated uneducated JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 589 18 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1664 589 19 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 589 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 589 21 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 589 22 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1664 589 23 white white JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 589 24 Southern southern JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 589 25 accents accent NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 589 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 589 27 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 589 28 linguists linguist NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 589 29 today today NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 589 30 recognise recognise VBP en-wikipedia-org-1664 589 31 both both DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 589 32 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 589 33 fully fully RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 589 34 developed develop VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 589 35 varieties variety NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 589 36 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 589 37 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 589 38 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 589 39 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1664 589 40 own own JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 589 41 norms norm NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 589 42 shared share VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 589 43 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 589 44 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 589 45 large large JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 589 46 speech speech NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 589 47 community community NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 589 48 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 590 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 590 2 279][280 279][280 LS en-wikipedia-org-1664 590 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 590 4 Australia Australia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 590 5 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 590 6 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 590 7 Zealand Zealand NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 590 8 Main Main NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 590 9 articles article NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 590 10 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1664 590 11 Australian australian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 590 12 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 590 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 590 14 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 590 15 Zealand Zealand NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 590 16 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 590 17 Speech Speech NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 590 18 example example NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 590 19 An an DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 590 20 example example NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 590 21 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 590 22 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 590 23 male male NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 590 24 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 590 25 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 590 26 general general JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 590 27 Australian australian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 590 28 accent accent NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 590 29 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 591 1 Problems problem NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 591 2 playing play VBG en-wikipedia-org-1664 591 3 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 591 4 file file NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 591 5 ? ? . en-wikipedia-org-1664 592 1 See see VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 592 2 media medium NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 592 3 help help NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 592 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 593 1 Since since IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 593 2 1788 1788 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 593 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 593 4 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 593 5 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 593 6 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 593 7 spoken speak VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 593 8 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 593 9 Oceania Oceania NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 593 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 593 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 593 12 Australian Australian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 593 13 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 593 14 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 593 15 developed develop VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 593 16 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 593 17 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 593 18 first first JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 593 19 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 593 20 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 593 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 593 22 vast vast JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 593 23 majority majority NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 593 24 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 593 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 593 26 inhabitants inhabitant NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 593 27 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 593 28 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 593 29 Australian australian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 593 30 continent continent NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 593 31 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 593 32 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1664 593 33 standard standard JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 593 34 accent accent NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 593 35 being be VBG en-wikipedia-org-1664 593 36 General General NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 593 37 Australian Australian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 593 38 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 594 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 594 2 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 594 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 594 4 neighbouring neighbour VBG en-wikipedia-org-1664 594 5 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 594 6 Zealand Zealand NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 594 7 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 594 8 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 594 9 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 594 10 lesser less JJR en-wikipedia-org-1664 594 11 degree degree NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 594 12 become become VBP en-wikipedia-org-1664 594 13 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 594 14 influential influential JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 594 15 standard standard JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 594 16 variety variety NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 594 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 594 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 594 19 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 594 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 595 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 595 2 281 281 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 595 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 595 4 Australian Australian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 595 5 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 595 6 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 595 7 Zealand Zealand NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 595 8 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 595 9 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1664 595 10 each each DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 595 11 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 595 12 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-1664 595 13 closest close JJS en-wikipedia-org-1664 595 14 relatives relative NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 595 15 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 595 16 few few JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 595 17 differentiating differentiate VBG en-wikipedia-org-1664 595 18 characteristics characteristic NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 595 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 595 20 followed follow VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 595 21 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 595 22 South South NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 595 23 African African NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 595 24 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 595 25 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 595 26 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 595 27 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 595 28 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 595 29 southeastern southeastern JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 595 30 England England NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 595 31 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 595 32 all all DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 595 33 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 595 34 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1664 595 35 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-1664 595 36 similarly similarly RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 595 37 non non JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 595 38 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 595 39 rhotic rhotic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 595 40 accents accent NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 595 41 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 595 42 aside aside RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 595 43 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 595 44 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 595 45 accents accent NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 595 46 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 595 47 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 595 48 South South NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 595 49 Island Island NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 595 50 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 595 51 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 595 52 Zealand Zealand NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 595 53 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 596 1 Australian Australian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 596 2 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 596 3 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 596 4 Zealand Zealand NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 596 5 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 596 6 stand stand VBP en-wikipedia-org-1664 596 7 out out RP en-wikipedia-org-1664 596 8 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 596 9 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1664 596 10 innovative innovative JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 596 11 vowels vowel NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 596 12 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1664 596 13 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 596 14 short short JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 596 15 vowels vowel NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 596 16 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1664 596 17 fronted front VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 596 18 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 596 19 raised raise VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 596 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 596 21 whereas whereas IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 596 22 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 596 23 long long JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 596 24 vowels vowel NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 596 25 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-1664 596 26 diphthongised diphthongise VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 596 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 597 1 Australian Australian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 597 2 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 597 3 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 597 4 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 597 5 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 597 6 contrast contrast NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 597 7 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 597 8 long long JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 597 9 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 597 10 short short JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 597 11 vowels vowel NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 597 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 597 13 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 597 14 found find VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 597 15 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 597 16 most most JJS en-wikipedia-org-1664 597 17 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 597 18 varieties variety NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 597 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 598 1 Australian australian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 598 2 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 598 3 grammar grammar NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 598 4 aligns align NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 598 5 closely closely RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 598 6 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 598 7 British british JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 598 8 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 598 9 American American NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 598 10 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 598 11 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1664 598 12 like like IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 598 13 American American NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 598 14 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 598 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 598 16 collective collective JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 598 17 plural plural JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 598 18 subjects subject NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 598 19 take take VBP en-wikipedia-org-1664 598 20 on on RP en-wikipedia-org-1664 598 21 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 598 22 singular singular JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 598 23 verb verb NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 598 24 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 598 25 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 598 26 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 598 27 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 598 28 government government NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 598 29 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 598 30 rather rather RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 598 31 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 598 32 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1664 598 33 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 598 34 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 599 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 599 2 282][283 282][283 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 599 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 599 4 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 599 5 Zealand Zealand NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 599 6 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 599 7 uses use VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 599 8 front front JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 599 9 vowels vowel NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 599 10 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-1664 599 11 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1664 599 12 often often RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 599 13 even even RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 599 14 higher high JJR en-wikipedia-org-1664 599 15 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 599 16 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 599 17 Australian australian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 599 18 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 599 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 600 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 600 2 284][285][286 284][285][286 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 600 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 600 4 Singapore Singapore NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 600 5 Main Main NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 600 6 article article NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 600 7 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1664 600 8 Singapore Singapore NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 600 9 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 600 10 See See NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 600 11 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 600 12 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1664 600 13 Singlish singlish VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 600 14 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 600 15 development development NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 600 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 600 17 Singapore Singapore NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 600 18 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 600 19 started start VBD en-wikipedia-org-1664 600 20 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 600 21 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 600 22 least least JJS en-wikipedia-org-1664 600 23 1819 1819 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 600 24 when when WRB en-wikipedia-org-1664 600 25 British british JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 600 26 statesman statesman NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 600 27 Stamford Stamford NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 600 28 Raffles Raffles NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 600 29 arrived arrive VBD en-wikipedia-org-1664 600 30 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 600 31 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 600 32 lands land NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 600 33 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-1664 600 34 now now RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 600 35 make make VBP en-wikipedia-org-1664 600 36 up up RP en-wikipedia-org-1664 600 37 Singapore Singapore NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 600 38 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1664 600 39 establish establish VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 600 40 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 600 41 trading trading NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 600 42 port port NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 600 43 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 601 1 It -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1664 601 2 generally generally RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 601 3 resembles resemble VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 601 4 British British NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 601 5 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 601 6 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 601 7 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 601 8 often often RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 601 9 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 601 10 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 601 11 more more JJR en-wikipedia-org-1664 601 12 formal formal JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 601 13 settings setting NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 601 14 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 601 15 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 601 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 601 17 workplace workplace NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 601 18 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 601 19 when when WRB en-wikipedia-org-1664 601 20 communicating communicate VBG en-wikipedia-org-1664 601 21 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 601 22 people people NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 601 23 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 601 24 authority authority NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 601 25 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 601 26 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 601 27 employers employer NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 601 28 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 601 29 teachers teacher NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 601 30 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 601 31 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 601 32 government government NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 601 33 officials official NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 601 34 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 602 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 602 2 287 287 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 602 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 602 4 Singapore Singapore NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 602 5 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 602 6 acts act NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 602 7 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 602 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 602 9 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1664 602 10 bridge bridge NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 602 11 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1664 602 12 among among IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 602 13 different different JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 602 14 ethnic ethnic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 602 15 groups group NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 602 16 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 602 17 Singapore Singapore NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 602 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 602 19 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 602 20 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 602 21 addition addition NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 602 22 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 602 23 being be VBG en-wikipedia-org-1664 602 24 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 602 25 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 602 26 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 602 27 four four CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 602 28 official official JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 602 29 languages language NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 602 30 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 602 31 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 602 32 country country NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 602 33 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 602 34 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1664 602 35 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 602 36 considered consider VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 602 37 de de FW en-wikipedia-org-1664 602 38 facto facto FW en-wikipedia-org-1664 602 39 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 602 40 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 602 41 main main JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 602 42 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 602 43 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 602 44 communication communication NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 602 45 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 603 1 Standard Standard NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 603 2 Singapore Singapore NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 603 3 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 603 4 retains retain VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 603 5 British british JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 603 6 spelling spelling NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 603 7 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 603 8 grammar grammar NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 603 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 604 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 604 2 288 288 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 604 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 604 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 604 5 standard standard JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 604 6 Singaporean singaporean JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 604 7 accent accent NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 604 8 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 604 9 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1664 604 10 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 604 11 officially officially RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 604 12 Received receive VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 604 13 Pronunciation Pronunciation NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 604 14 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 604 15 RP RP NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 604 16 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 604 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 604 18 prevalent prevalent JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 604 19 during during IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 604 20 news news NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 604 21 broadcasts broadcast NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 604 22 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 604 23 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 604 24 radio radio NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 604 25 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 605 1 However however RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 605 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 605 3 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 605 4 standard standard JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 605 5 Singaporean singaporean JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 605 6 accent accent NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 605 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 605 8 quite quite RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 605 9 independent independent JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 605 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 605 11 any any DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 605 12 external external JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 605 13 standard standard NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 605 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 605 15 including include VBG en-wikipedia-org-1664 605 16 RP RP NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 605 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 605 18 started start VBD en-wikipedia-org-1664 605 19 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1664 605 20 emerge emerge VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 605 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 606 1 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 606 2 2003 2003 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 606 3 study study NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 606 4 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 606 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 606 6 National National NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 606 7 Institute Institute NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 606 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 606 9 Education Education NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 606 10 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 606 11 Singapore Singapore NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 606 12 suggests suggest VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 606 13 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 606 14 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 606 15 standard standard JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 606 16 Singaporean singaporean JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 606 17 pronunciation pronunciation NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 606 18 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 606 19 emerging emerge VBG en-wikipedia-org-1664 606 20 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 606 21 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 606 22 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 606 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 606 24 cusp cusp NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 606 25 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 606 26 being be VBG en-wikipedia-org-1664 606 27 standardised standardise VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 606 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 607 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 607 2 289 289 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 607 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 607 4 Singaporean singaporean JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 607 5 accents accent NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 607 6 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-1664 607 7 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 607 8 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 607 9 said say VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 607 10 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1664 607 11 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 607 12 largely largely RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 607 13 non non JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 607 14 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 607 15 rhotic rhotic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 607 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 608 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 608 2 290 290 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 608 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 608 4 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 608 5 addition addition NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 608 6 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 608 7 Singapore Singapore NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 608 8 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 608 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 608 10 Singlish Singlish NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 608 11 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 608 12 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 608 13 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 608 14 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 608 15 based base VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 608 16 creole creole NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 608 17 language[291 language[291 NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 608 18 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 608 19 spoken speak VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 608 20 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 608 21 Singapore Singapore NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 608 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 609 1 Unlike unlike IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 609 2 SSE SSE NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 609 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 609 4 Singlish Singlish NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 609 5 includes include VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 609 6 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 609 7 discourse discourse JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 609 8 particles particle NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 609 9 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 609 10 loan loan NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 609 11 words word NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 609 12 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 609 13 various various JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 609 14 Asian asian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 609 15 languages language NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 609 16 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 609 17 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 609 18 Malay malay JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 609 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 609 20 Japanese Japanese NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 609 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 609 22 Mandarin Mandarin NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 609 23 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 609 24 Hokkien Hokkien NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 609 25 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 610 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 610 2 292 292 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 610 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 610 4 Although although IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 610 5 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1664 610 6 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 610 7 controversially controversially RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 610 8 regarded regard VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 610 9 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 610 10 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1664 610 11 low low JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 610 12 prestige prestige NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 610 13 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1664 610 14 especially especially RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 610 15 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 610 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 610 17 government government NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 610 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 610 19 most most JJS en-wikipedia-org-1664 610 20 Singaporeans Singaporeans NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1664 610 21 view view VBP en-wikipedia-org-1664 610 22 Singlish Singlish NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 610 23 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 610 24 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 610 25 unique unique JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 610 26 Singaporean singaporean JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 610 27 identity identity NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 610 28 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 610 29 continues continue VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 610 30 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1664 610 31 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 610 32 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 610 33 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 610 34 informal informal JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 610 35 communication communication NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 610 36 among among IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 610 37 Singaporeans Singaporeans NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1664 610 38 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 610 39 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 610 40 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 610 41 new new JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 610 42 citizens citizen NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 610 43 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 610 44 immigrants immigrant NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 610 45 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 610 46 tourists tourist NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 610 47 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1664 610 48 learn learn VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 610 49 more more JJR en-wikipedia-org-1664 610 50 about about IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 610 51 Singaporean singaporean JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 610 52 culture culture NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 610 53 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 611 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 611 2 289 289 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 611 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 611 4 Southeast Southeast NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 611 5 Asia Asia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 611 6 Main Main NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 611 7 article article NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 611 8 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1664 611 9 Philippine philippine JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 611 10 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 611 11 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 611 12 first first JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 611 13 significant significant JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 611 14 exposure exposure NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 611 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 611 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 611 17 Philippines Philippines NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1664 611 18 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 611 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 611 20 English english JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 611 21 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 611 22 occurred occur VBD en-wikipedia-org-1664 611 23 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 611 24 1762 1762 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 611 25 when when WRB en-wikipedia-org-1664 611 26 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 611 27 British British NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1664 611 28 occupied occupy VBD en-wikipedia-org-1664 611 29 Manila Manila NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 611 30 during during IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 611 31 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 611 32 Seven Seven NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 611 33 Years Years NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1664 611 34 ' ' POS en-wikipedia-org-1664 611 35 War war NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 611 36 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 611 37 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 611 38 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 611 39 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1664 611 40 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 611 41 brief brief JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 611 42 episode episode NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 611 43 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-1664 611 44 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-1664 611 45 no no DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 611 46 lasting lasting JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 611 47 influence influence NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 611 48 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 612 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 612 2 citation citation NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 612 3 needed need VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 612 4 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 612 5 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 612 6 later later RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 612 7 became become VBD en-wikipedia-org-1664 612 8 more more RBR en-wikipedia-org-1664 612 9 important important JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 612 10 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 612 11 widespread widespread JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 612 12 during during IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 612 13 American american JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 612 14 rule rule NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 612 15 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 612 16 1898 1898 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 612 17 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 612 18 1946 1946 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 612 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 612 20 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 612 21 remains remain VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 612 22 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 612 23 official official JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 612 24 language[clarification language[clarification NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 612 25 needed need VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 612 26 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 612 27 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 612 28 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 612 29 Philippines Philippines NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1664 612 30 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 613 1 Today today NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 613 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 613 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 613 4 use use NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 613 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 613 6 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 613 7 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 613 8 ubiquitous ubiquitous JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 613 9 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 613 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 613 11 Philippines Philippines NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 613 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 613 13 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 613 14 street street NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 613 15 signs sign NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 613 16 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 613 17 marquees marquee NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 613 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 613 19 government government NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 613 20 documents document NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 613 21 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 613 22 forms form NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 613 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 613 24 courtrooms courtroom NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 613 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 613 26 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 613 27 media medium NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 613 28 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 613 29 entertainment entertainment NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 613 30 industries industry NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 613 31 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 613 32 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 613 33 business business NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 613 34 sector sector NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 613 35 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 613 36 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 613 37 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 613 38 aspects aspect NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 613 39 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 613 40 daily daily JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 613 41 life life NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 613 42 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 614 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 614 2 citation citation NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 614 3 needed need VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 614 4 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 614 5 One one CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 614 6 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 614 7 usage usage NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 614 8 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-1664 614 9 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 614 10 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 614 11 prominent prominent JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 614 12 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 614 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 614 14 country country NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 614 15 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 614 16 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 614 17 speech speech NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 614 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 614 19 where where WRB en-wikipedia-org-1664 614 20 most most JJS en-wikipedia-org-1664 614 21 Filipinos Filipinos NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1664 614 22 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 614 23 Manila Manila NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 614 24 would would MD en-wikipedia-org-1664 614 25 use use VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 614 26 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 614 27 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-1664 614 28 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 614 29 exposed expose VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 614 30 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 614 31 Taglish Taglish NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 614 32 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 614 33 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 614 34 form form NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 614 35 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 614 36 code code NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 614 37 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 614 38 switching switching NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 614 39 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 614 40 Tagalog Tagalog NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 614 41 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 614 42 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 614 43 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 615 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 615 2 citation citation NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 615 3 needed need VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 615 4 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 615 5 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 615 6 similar similar JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 615 7 code code NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 615 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 615 9 switching switching NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 615 10 method method NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 615 11 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 615 12 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 615 13 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 615 14 urban urban JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 615 15 native native JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 615 16 speakers speaker NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 615 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 615 18 Visayan Visayan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 615 19 languages language NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 615 20 called call VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 615 21 Bislish Bislish NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 615 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 616 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 616 2 citation citation NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 616 3 needed need VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 616 4 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 616 5 Africa Africa NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 616 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 616 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 616 8 Caribbean Caribbean NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 616 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 616 10 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 616 11 South South NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 616 12 Asia Asia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 616 13 See See NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 616 14 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 616 15 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1664 616 16 South south JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 616 17 African African NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 616 18 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 616 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 616 20 Nigerian Nigerian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 616 21 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 616 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 616 23 Caribbean Caribbean NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 616 24 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 616 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 616 26 Indian Indian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 616 27 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 616 28 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 616 29 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 616 30 Pakistani Pakistani NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 616 31 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 616 32 Speech Speech NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 616 33 example example NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 616 34 An an DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 616 35 example example NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 616 36 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 616 37 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 616 38 male male NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 616 39 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 616 40 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 616 41 South south JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 616 42 African african JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 616 43 accent accent NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 616 44 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 617 1 Problems problem NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 617 2 playing play VBG en-wikipedia-org-1664 617 3 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 617 4 file file NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 617 5 ? ? . en-wikipedia-org-1664 618 1 See see VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 618 2 media medium NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 618 3 help help NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 618 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 619 1 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 619 2 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 619 3 spoken speak VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 619 4 widely widely RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 619 5 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 619 6 southern southern JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 619 7 Africa Africa NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 619 8 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 619 9 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 619 10 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 619 11 official official JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 619 12 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 619 13 co co JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 619 14 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 619 15 official official JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 619 16 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 619 17 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 619 18 several several JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 619 19 countries country NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 619 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 620 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 620 2 South South NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 620 3 Africa Africa NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 620 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 620 5 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 620 6 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 620 7 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 620 8 spoken speak VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 620 9 since since IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 620 10 1820 1820 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 620 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 620 12 co co VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 620 13 - - NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 620 14 existing exist VBG en-wikipedia-org-1664 620 15 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 620 16 Afrikaans Afrikaans NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1664 620 17 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 620 18 various various JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 620 19 African african JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 620 20 languages language NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 620 21 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 620 22 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 620 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 620 24 Khoe Khoe NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 620 25 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 620 26 Bantu Bantu NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 620 27 languages language VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 620 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 621 1 Today today NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 621 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 621 3 about about RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 621 4 9 9 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 621 5 percent percent NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 621 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 621 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 621 8 South south JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 621 9 African african JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 621 10 population population NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 621 11 speaks speak VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 621 12 South South NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 621 13 African African NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 621 14 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 621 15 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 621 16 SAE SAE NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 621 17 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 621 18 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 621 19 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 621 20 first first JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 621 21 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 621 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 622 1 SAE SAE NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 622 2 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 622 3 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 622 4 non non JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 622 5 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 622 6 rhotic rhotic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 622 7 variety variety NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 622 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 622 9 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1664 622 10 tends tend VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 622 11 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1664 622 12 follow follow VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 622 13 RP RP NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 622 14 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 622 15 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 622 16 norm norm NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 622 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 623 1 It -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1664 623 2 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 623 3 alone alone JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 623 4 among among IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 623 5 non non JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 623 6 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 623 7 rhotic rhotic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 623 8 varieties variety NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 623 9 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 623 10 lacking lack VBG en-wikipedia-org-1664 623 11 intrusive intrusive JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 623 12 r. r. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 623 13 There there EX en-wikipedia-org-1664 623 14 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1664 623 15 different different JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 623 16 L2 l2 JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 623 17 varieties variety NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 623 18 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-1664 623 19 differ differ VBP en-wikipedia-org-1664 623 20 based base VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 623 21 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 623 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 623 23 native native JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 623 24 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 623 25 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 623 26 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 623 27 speakers speaker NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 623 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 624 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 624 2 293 293 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 624 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 624 4 Most Most JJS en-wikipedia-org-1664 624 5 phonological phonological JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 624 6 differences difference NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 624 7 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 624 8 RP RP NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 624 9 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1664 624 10 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 624 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 624 12 vowels vowel NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 624 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 625 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 625 2 294 294 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 625 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 625 4 Consonant Consonant NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 625 5 differences difference NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 625 6 include include VBP en-wikipedia-org-1664 625 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 625 8 tendency tendency NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 625 9 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 625 10 pronounce pronounce NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 625 11 /p /p NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 625 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 625 13 t t NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 625 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 625 15 t͡ʃ t͡ʃ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 625 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 625 17 k/ k/ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 625 18 without without IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 625 19 aspiration aspiration NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 625 20 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 625 21 e.g. e.g. RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 626 1 pin pin NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 626 2 pronounced pronounce VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 626 3 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 626 4 pɪn pɪn NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 626 5 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 626 6 rather rather RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 626 7 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 626 8 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 626 9 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 626 10 pʰɪn pʰɪn NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 626 11 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 626 12 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 626 13 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 626 14 most most JJS en-wikipedia-org-1664 626 15 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 626 16 varieties variety NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 626 17 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 626 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 626 19 while while IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 626 20 r r NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 626 21 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 626 22 often often RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 626 23 pronounced pronounce VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 626 24 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 626 25 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 626 26 flap flap NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 626 27 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 626 28 ɾ ɾ NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 626 29 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 626 30 instead instead RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 626 31 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 626 32 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 626 33 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 626 34 more more RBR en-wikipedia-org-1664 626 35 common common JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 626 36 fricative fricative NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 626 37 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 627 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 627 2 295 295 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 627 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 627 4 Speech speech NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 627 5 example example NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 627 6 An an DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 627 7 example example NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 627 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 627 9 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 627 10 woman woman NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 627 11 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 627 12 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 627 13 educated educate VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 627 14 Nigerian nigerian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 627 15 accent accent NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 627 16 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 627 17 Chimamanda Chimamanda NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 627 18 Adichie Adichie NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 627 19 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 627 20 Problems problem NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 627 21 playing play VBG en-wikipedia-org-1664 627 22 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 627 23 file file NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 627 24 ? ? . en-wikipedia-org-1664 628 1 See see VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 628 2 media medium NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 628 3 help help NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 628 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 629 1 Nigerian Nigerian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 629 2 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 629 3 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 629 4 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 629 5 dialect dialect NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 629 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 629 7 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 629 8 spoken speak VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 629 9 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 629 10 Nigeria Nigeria NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 629 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 630 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 630 2 296 296 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 630 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 630 4 It -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1664 630 5 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 630 6 based base VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 630 7 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 630 8 British British NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 630 9 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 630 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 630 11 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 630 12 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 630 13 recent recent JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 630 14 years year NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 630 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 630 16 because because IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 630 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 630 18 influence influence NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 630 19 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 630 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 630 21 United United NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 630 22 States States NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 630 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 630 24 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 630 25 words word NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 630 26 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 630 27 American american JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 630 28 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 630 29 origin origin NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 630 30 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-1664 630 31 made make VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 630 32 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1664 630 33 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 630 34 Nigerian Nigerian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 630 35 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 630 36 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 631 1 Additionally additionally RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 631 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 631 3 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 631 4 new new JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 631 5 words word NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 631 6 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 631 7 collocations collocation NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 631 8 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-1664 631 9 emerged emerge VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 631 10 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 631 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 631 12 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 631 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 631 14 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1664 631 15 come come VBP en-wikipedia-org-1664 631 16 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 631 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 631 18 need need NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 631 19 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1664 631 20 express express VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 631 21 concepts concept NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 631 22 specific specific JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 631 23 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 631 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 631 25 culture culture NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 631 26 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 631 27 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 631 28 nation nation NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 631 29 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 631 30 e.g. e.g. RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 632 1 senior senior JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 632 2 wife wife NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 632 3 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 632 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 633 1 Over over IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 633 2 150 150 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 633 3   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 633 4 million million CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 633 5 Nigerians Nigerians NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1664 633 6 speak speak VBP en-wikipedia-org-1664 633 7 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 633 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 634 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 634 2 297 297 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 634 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 634 4 Several several JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 634 5 varieties variety NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 634 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 634 7 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 634 8 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1664 634 9 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 634 10 spoken speak VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 634 11 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 634 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 634 13 Caribbean caribbean JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 634 14 islands island NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 634 15 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-1664 634 16 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1664 634 17 colonial colonial JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 634 18 possessions possession NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 634 19 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 634 20 Britain Britain NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 634 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 634 22 including include VBG en-wikipedia-org-1664 634 23 Jamaica Jamaica NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 634 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 634 25 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 634 26 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 634 27 Leeward Leeward NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 634 28 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 634 29 Windward Windward NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 634 30 Islands Islands NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1664 634 31 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 634 32 Trinidad Trinidad NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 634 33 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 634 34 Tobago Tobago NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 634 35 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 634 36 Barbados Barbados NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 634 37 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 634 38 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 634 39 Cayman Cayman NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 634 40 Islands Islands NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1664 634 41 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 634 42 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 634 43 Belize Belize NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 634 44 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 635 1 Each each DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 635 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 635 3 these these DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 635 4 areas area NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 635 5 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 635 6 home home RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 635 7 both both DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 635 8 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 635 9 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 635 10 local local JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 635 11 variety variety NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 635 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 635 13 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 635 14 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 635 15 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 635 16 local local JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 635 17 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 635 18 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 635 19 based base VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 635 20 creole creole NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 635 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 635 22 combining combine VBG en-wikipedia-org-1664 635 23 English english JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 635 24 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 635 25 African african JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 635 26 languages language NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 635 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 636 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 636 2 most most RBS en-wikipedia-org-1664 636 3 prominent prominent JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 636 4 varieties variety NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 636 5 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1664 636 6 Jamaican Jamaican NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 636 7 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 636 8 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 636 9 Jamaican Jamaican NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 636 10 Creole Creole NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 636 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 637 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 637 2 Central Central NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 637 3 America America NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 637 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 637 5 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 637 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 637 7 based base VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 637 8 creoles creole NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 637 9 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1664 637 10 spoken speak VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 637 11 in in RP en-wikipedia-org-1664 637 12 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 637 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 637 14 Caribbean caribbean JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 637 15 coasts coast NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 637 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 637 17 Nicaragua Nicaragua NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 637 18 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 637 19 Panama Panama NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 637 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 638 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 638 2 298 298 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 638 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 638 4 Locals local NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 638 5 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1664 638 6 often often RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 638 7 fluent fluent JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 638 8 both both CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 638 9 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 638 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 638 11 local local JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 638 12 English english JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 638 13 variety variety NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 638 14 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 638 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 638 16 local local JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 638 17 creole creole NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 638 18 languages language NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 638 19 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 638 20 code code NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 638 21 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 638 22 switching switching NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 638 23 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 638 24 them -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1664 638 25 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 638 26 frequent frequent JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 638 27 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 638 28 indeed indeed RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 638 29 another another DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 638 30 way way NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 638 31 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1664 638 32 conceptualise conceptualise VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 638 33 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 638 34 relationship relationship NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 638 35 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 638 36 Creole Creole NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 638 37 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 638 38 Standard Standard NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 638 39 varieties variety NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 638 40 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 638 41 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1664 638 42 see see VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 638 43 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 638 44 spectrum spectrum NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 638 45 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 638 46 social social JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 638 47 registers register NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 638 48 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 638 49 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 638 50 Creole Creole NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 638 51 forms form NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 638 52 serving serve VBG en-wikipedia-org-1664 638 53 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 638 54 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1664 638 55 basilect basilect NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 638 56 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1664 638 57 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 638 58 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 638 59 more more JJR en-wikipedia-org-1664 638 60 RP RP NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 638 61 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 638 62 like like JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 638 63 forms form NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 638 64 serving serve VBG en-wikipedia-org-1664 638 65 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 638 66 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 638 67 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1664 638 68 acrolect acrolect NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 638 69 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1664 638 70 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 638 71 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 638 72 most most RBS en-wikipedia-org-1664 638 73 formal formal JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 638 74 register register NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 638 75 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 639 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 639 2 299 299 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 639 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 639 4 Most Most JJS en-wikipedia-org-1664 639 5 Caribbean caribbean JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 639 6 varieties variety NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 639 7 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1664 639 8 based base VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 639 9 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 639 10 British British NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 639 11 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 639 12 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 639 13 consequently consequently RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 639 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 639 15 most most JJS en-wikipedia-org-1664 639 16 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1664 639 17 non non JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 639 18 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 639 19 rhotic rhotic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 639 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 639 21 except except IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 639 22 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 639 23 formal formal JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 639 24 styles style NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 639 25 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 639 26 Jamaican Jamaican NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 639 27 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 639 28 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1664 639 29 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1664 639 30 often often RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 639 31 rhotic rhotic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 639 32 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 640 1 Jamaican Jamaican NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 640 2 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 640 3 differs differ NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 640 4 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 640 5 RP RP NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 640 6 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 640 7 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1664 640 8 vowel vowel NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 640 9 inventory inventory NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 640 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 640 11 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1664 640 12 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 640 13 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 640 14 distinction distinction NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 640 15 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 640 16 long long JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 640 17 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 640 18 short short JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 640 19 vowels vowel NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 640 20 rather rather RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 640 21 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 640 22 tense tense JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 640 23 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 640 24 lax lax JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 640 25 vowels vowel NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 640 26 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 640 27 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 640 28 Standard Standard NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 640 29 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 640 30 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 641 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 641 2 diphthongs diphthong NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 641 3 /ei/ /ei/ . en-wikipedia-org-1664 641 4 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 641 5 /ou/ /ou/ . en-wikipedia-org-1664 641 6 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1664 641 7 monophthongs monophthong NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 641 8 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 641 9 eː eː NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 641 10 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 641 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 641 12 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 641 13 oː oː NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 641 14 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 641 15 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 641 16 even even RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 641 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 641 18 reverse reverse JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 641 19 diphthongs diphthong NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 641 20 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 641 21 ie ie FW en-wikipedia-org-1664 641 22 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 641 23 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 641 24 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 641 25 uo uo NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 641 26 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 641 27 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 641 28 e.g. e.g. RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 642 1 bay bay NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 642 2 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 642 3 boat boat NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 642 4 pronounced pronounce VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 642 5 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 642 6 bʲeː bʲeː NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 642 7 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 642 8 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 642 9 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 642 10 bʷoːt bʷoːt NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 642 11 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 642 12 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 642 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 643 1 Often often RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 643 2 word word NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 643 3 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 643 4 final final JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 643 5 consonant consonant NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 643 6 clusters cluster NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 643 7 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1664 643 8 simplified simplify VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 643 9 so so IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 643 10 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 643 11 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1664 643 12 child child NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 643 13 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1664 643 14 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 643 15 pronounced pronounce VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 643 16 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 643 17 t͡ʃail t͡ʃail NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 643 18 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 643 19 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 643 20 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1664 643 21 wind wind NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 643 22 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1664 643 23 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 643 24 win win NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 643 25 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 643 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 644 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 644 2 300][301][302 300][301][302 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 644 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 644 4 Speech speech NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 644 5 example example NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 644 6 An an DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 644 7 example example NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 644 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 644 9 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 644 10 North north JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 644 11 Indian indian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 644 12 woman woman NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 644 13 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 644 14 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 644 15 Indian indian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 644 16 accent accent NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 644 17 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 644 18 Vandana Vandana NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 644 19 Shiva Shiva NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 644 20 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 644 21 Problems problem NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 644 22 playing play VBG en-wikipedia-org-1664 644 23 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 644 24 file file NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 644 25 ? ? . en-wikipedia-org-1664 645 1 See see VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 645 2 media medium NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 645 3 help help NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 645 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 646 1 As as IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 646 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 646 3 historical historical JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 646 4 legacy legacy NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 646 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 646 6 Indian Indian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 646 7 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 646 8 tends tend VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 646 9 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1664 646 10 take take VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 646 11 RP RP NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 646 12 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 646 13 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1664 646 14 ideal ideal NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 646 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 646 16 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 646 17 how how WRB en-wikipedia-org-1664 646 18 well well RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 646 19 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 646 20 ideal ideal NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 646 21 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 646 22 realised realise VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 646 23 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 646 24 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 646 25 individual individual NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 646 26 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-1664 646 27 speech speech NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 646 28 reflects reflect VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 646 29 class class NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 646 30 distinctions distinction NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 646 31 among among IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 646 32 Indian Indian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 646 33 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 646 34 speakers speaker NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 646 35 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 647 1 Indian Indian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 647 2 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 647 3 accents accent NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 647 4 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1664 647 5 marked mark VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 647 6 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 647 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 647 8 pronunciation pronunciation NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 647 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 647 10 phonemes phoneme NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 647 11 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 647 12 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 647 13 /t/ /t/ . en-wikipedia-org-1664 647 14 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 647 15 /d/ /d/ . en-wikipedia-org-1664 647 16 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 647 17 often often RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 647 18 pronounced pronounce VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 647 19 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 647 20 retroflex retroflex JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 647 21 articulation articulation NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 647 22 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 647 23 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 647 24 ʈ ʈ NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 647 25 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 647 26 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 647 27 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 647 28 ɖ ɖ NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 647 29 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 647 30 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 647 31 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 647 32 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 647 33 replacement replacement NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 647 34 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 647 35 /θ/ /θ/ . en-wikipedia-org-1664 647 36 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 647 37 /ð/ /ð/ . en-wikipedia-org-1664 647 38 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 647 39 dentals dental NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 647 40 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 647 41 t̪ t̪ CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 647 42 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 647 43 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 647 44 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 647 45 d̪ d̪ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 647 46 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 647 47 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 648 1 Sometimes sometimes RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 648 2 Indian indian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 648 3 English english JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 648 4 speakers speaker NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 648 5 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-1664 648 6 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 648 7 use use VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 648 8 spelling spelling NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 648 9 based based JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 648 10 pronunciations pronunciation NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 648 11 where where WRB en-wikipedia-org-1664 648 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 648 13 silent silent JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 648 14 ⟨h⟩ ⟨h⟩ NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 648 15 found find VBD en-wikipedia-org-1664 648 16 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 648 17 words word NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 648 18 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 648 19 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 648 20 ghost ghost NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 648 21 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 648 22 pronounced pronounce VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 648 23 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 648 24 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 648 25 Indian Indian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 648 26 voiced voice VBD en-wikipedia-org-1664 648 27 aspirated aspirate VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 648 28 stop stop NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 648 29 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 648 30 ɡʱ ɡʱ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 648 31 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 648 32 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 649 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 649 2 303 303 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 649 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 649 4 See see VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 649 5 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 649 6 Linguistic linguistic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 649 7 purism purism NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 649 8 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 649 9 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 649 10 References References NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1664 649 11 ^ ^ VBP en-wikipedia-org-1664 649 12 Oxford Oxford NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 649 13 Learner Learner NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 649 14 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-1664 649 15 Dictionary Dictionary NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 649 16 2015 2015 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 649 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 649 18 Entry entry NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 649 19 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1664 649 20 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 649 21 – – : en-wikipedia-org-1664 649 22 Pronunciation pronunciation NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 649 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 650 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 650 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 650 3 b b NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 650 4 Crystal Crystal NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 650 5 2006 2006 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 650 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 650 7 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 650 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 651 1 424–426 424–426 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 651 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 652 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 652 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 652 3 b b NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 652 4 c c NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 652 5 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 652 6 Routes Routes NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1664 652 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 652 8 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 652 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 653 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-1664 653 2 Crystal crystal NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 653 3 2003a 2003a CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 653 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 653 5 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 653 6   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 653 7 6 6 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 653 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 654 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 654 2 Wardhaugh Wardhaugh NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 654 3 2010 2010 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 654 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 654 5 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 654 6   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 654 7 55 55 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 654 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 655 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 655 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 655 3 b b NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 655 4 Finkenstaedt Finkenstaedt NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 655 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 655 6 Thomas Thomas NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 655 7 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1664 655 8 Dieter Dieter NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 655 9 Wolff Wolff NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 655 10 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 655 11 1973 1973 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 655 12 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 655 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 656 1 Ordered ordered JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 656 2 profusion profusion NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 656 3 ; ; , en-wikipedia-org-1664 656 4 studies study NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 656 5 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 656 6 dictionaries dictionary NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 656 7 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 656 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 656 9 English english JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 656 10 lexicon lexicon NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 656 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 657 1 C. C. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 657 2 Winter Winter NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 657 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 658 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 658 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 658 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 658 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 658 5 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 658 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 658 7 533 533 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 658 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 658 9 02253 02253 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 658 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 658 11 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 658 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 659 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 659 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 659 3 b b NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 659 4 Bammesberger Bammesberger NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 659 5 1992 1992 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 659 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 659 7 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 659 8   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 659 9 30 30 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 659 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 660 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 660 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 660 3 b b NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 660 4 Svartvik Svartvik NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 660 5 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 660 6 Leech Leech NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 660 7 2006 2006 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 660 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 660 9 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 660 10   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 660 11 39 39 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 660 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 661 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 661 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 661 3 b b NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 661 4 Ian Ian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 661 5 Short Short NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 661 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 661 7 A A NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 661 8 Companion Companion NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 661 9 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 661 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 661 11 Anglo anglo JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 661 12 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 661 13 Norman norman JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 661 14 World world NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 661 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 661 16 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1664 661 17 Language Language NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 661 18 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 661 19 Literature Literature NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 661 20 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1664 661 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 661 22 Boydell Boydell NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 661 23 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 661 24 Brewer Brewer NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 661 25 Ltd Ltd NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 661 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 661 27 2007 2007 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 661 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 662 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 662 2 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 662 3 193 193 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 662 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 662 5 ^ ^ . en-wikipedia-org-1664 662 6 Crystal crystal NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 662 7 2003b 2003b CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 662 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 662 9 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 662 10   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 662 11 30 30 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 662 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 663 1 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-1664 663 2 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1664 663 3 How how WRB en-wikipedia-org-1664 663 4 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 663 5 evolved evolve VBD en-wikipedia-org-1664 663 6 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 663 7 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 663 8 global global JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 663 9 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 663 10 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1664 663 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 664 1 BBC BBC NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 664 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 665 1 20 20 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 665 2 December December NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 665 3 2010 2010 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 665 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 666 1 Retrieved retrieved JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 666 2 9 9 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 666 3 August August NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 666 4 2015 2015 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 666 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 667 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 667 2 König König NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 667 3 1994 1994 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 667 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 667 5 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 667 6   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 667 7 539 539 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 667 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 668 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 668 2 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 668 3 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 668 4 Ethnologue Ethnologue NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 668 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 668 6 22nd 22nd NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 668 7 ed ed NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 668 8 . . NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 668 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 668 10 2019 2019 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 668 11 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 668 12 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 668 13 Ethnologue Ethnologue NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 668 14 2010 2010 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 668 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 669 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 669 2 Crystal Crystal NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 669 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 669 4 David David NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 669 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 669 6 2008 2008 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 669 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 669 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 670 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1664 670 2 Two two CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 670 3 thousand thousand CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 670 4 million million CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 670 5 ? ? . en-wikipedia-org-1664 670 6 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1664 670 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 671 1 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 671 2 Today Today NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 671 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 672 1 24 24 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 672 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 672 3 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 672 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 672 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1664 672 6 3–6 3–6 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 672 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 673 1 doi:10.1017 doi:10.1017 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 673 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-1664 673 3 S0266078408000023 S0266078408000023 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 673 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 674 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 674 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 674 3 b b NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 674 4 Crystal Crystal NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 674 5 2003b 2003b CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 674 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 674 7 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 674 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 675 1 108–109 108–109 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 675 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 676 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 676 2 Bammesberger Bammesberger NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 676 3 1992 1992 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 676 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 676 5 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 676 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 677 1 29–30 29–30 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 677 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 678 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 678 2 Robinson Robinson NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 678 3 1992 1992 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 678 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 679 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 679 2 Romaine Romaine NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 679 3 1982 1982 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 679 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 679 5 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 679 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 680 1 56–65 56–65 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 680 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 681 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 681 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 681 3 b b NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 681 4 Barry Barry NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 681 5 1982 1982 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 681 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 681 7 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 681 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 682 1 86–87 86–87 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 682 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 683 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 683 2 Harbert Harbert NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 683 3 2007 2007 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 683 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 684 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 684 2 Thomason Thomason NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 684 3 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 684 4 Kaufman Kaufman NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 684 5 1988 1988 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 684 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 684 7 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 684 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 685 1 264–265 264–265 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 685 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 686 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 686 2 Watts Watts NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 686 3 2011 2011 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 686 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 686 5 Chapter chapter NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 686 6 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 686 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 687 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 687 2 Durrell Durrell NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 687 3 2006 2006 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 687 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 688 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 688 2 König König NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 688 3 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 688 4 van van NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 688 5 der der NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 688 6 Auwera Auwera NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 688 7 1994 1994 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 688 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 689 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 689 2 Baugh Baugh NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 689 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 689 4 Albert Albert NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 689 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 689 6 1951 1951 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 689 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 689 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 690 1 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 690 2 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 690 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 690 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 690 5 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 690 6 Language Language NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 690 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 691 1 London London NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 691 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1664 691 3 Routledge Routledge NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 691 4 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 691 5 Kegan Kegan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 691 6 Paul Paul NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 691 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 692 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 692 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 693 1 60–83 60–83 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 693 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 693 3 110–130 110–130 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 693 4 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 693 5 Shore shore NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 693 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 693 7 Thomas Thomas NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 693 8 William William NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 693 9 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 693 10 1906 1906 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 693 11 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 693 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 693 13 Origin Origin NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 693 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 693 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 693 16 Anglo Anglo NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 693 17 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 693 18 Saxon Saxon NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 693 19 Race Race NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 693 20 - - : en-wikipedia-org-1664 693 21 A A NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 693 22 Study Study NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 693 23 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 693 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 693 25 Settlement Settlement NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 693 26 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 693 27 England England NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 693 28 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 693 29 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 693 30 Tribal Tribal NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 693 31 Origin Origin NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 693 32 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 693 33 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 693 34 Old Old NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 693 35 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 693 36 People People NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1664 693 37 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 693 38 1st 1st NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 693 39   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 693 40 ed ed NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 693 41 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 694 1 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 694 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 694 3 London London NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 694 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 694 5 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 694 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 695 1 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 695 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 695 3 393 393 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 695 4 ^ ^ . en-wikipedia-org-1664 695 5 Collingwood Collingwood NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 695 6 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 695 7 Myres Myres NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 695 8 1936 1936 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 695 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 696 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 696 2 Graddol Graddol NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 696 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 696 4 Leith Leith NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 696 5 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 696 6 Swann Swann NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 696 7 et et NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 696 8 al al NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 696 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 697 1 2007 2007 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 697 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 698 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 698 2 Blench Blench NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 698 3 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 698 4 Spriggs Spriggs NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 698 5 1999 1999 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 698 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 699 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 699 2 Bosworth Bosworth NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 699 3 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 699 4 Toller Toller NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 699 5 1921 1921 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 699 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 700 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-1664 700 2 Campbell Campbell NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 700 3 1959 1959 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 700 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 700 5 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 700 6   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 700 7 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 700 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 701 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 701 2 Toon Toon NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 701 3 1992 1992 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 701 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 701 5 Chapter chapter NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 701 6 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1664 701 7 Old Old NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 701 8 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 701 9 Dialects Dialects NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1664 701 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 702 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 702 2 Donoghue Donoghue NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 702 3 2008 2008 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 702 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 703 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 703 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 703 3 b b NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 703 4 c c NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 703 5 Gneuss Gneuss NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 703 6 2013 2013 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 703 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 703 8 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 703 9   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 703 10 23 23 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 703 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 704 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 704 2 Denison Denison NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 704 3 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 704 4 Hogg Hogg NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 704 5 2006 2006 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 704 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 704 7 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 704 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 705 1 30–31 30–31 JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 705 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 706 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 706 2 Hogg Hogg NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 706 3 1992 1992 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 706 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 706 5 Chapter chapter NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 706 6 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 706 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 707 1 Phonology phonology NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 707 2 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 707 3 Morphology Morphology NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 707 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 708 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 708 2 Smith Smith NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 708 3 2009 2009 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 708 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 709 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 709 2 Trask Trask NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 709 3 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 709 4 Trask Trask NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 709 5 2010 2010 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 709 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 710 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 710 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 710 3 b b NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 710 4 c c NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 710 5 Lass Lass NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 710 6 2006 2006 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 710 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 710 8 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 710 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 711 1 46–47 46–47 LS en-wikipedia-org-1664 711 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 712 1 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 712 2 Hogg Hogg NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 712 3 2006 2006 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 712 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 712 5 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 712 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 713 1 360–361 360–361 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 713 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 714 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 714 2 Thomason Thomason NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 714 3 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 714 4 Kaufman Kaufman NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 714 5 1988 1988 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 714 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 714 7 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 714 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 715 1 284–290 284–290 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 715 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 716 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-1664 716 2 Lass Lass NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 716 3 1992 1992 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 716 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 717 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 717 2 Fischer Fischer NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 717 3 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 717 4 van van NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 717 5 der der NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 717 6 Wurff Wurff NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 717 7 2006 2006 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 717 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 717 9 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 717 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 718 1 111–13 111–13 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 718 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 719 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 719 2 Wycliffe Wycliffe NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 719 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 719 4 John John NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 719 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 720 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1664 720 2 Bible Bible NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 720 3 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1664 720 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 720 5 PDF PDF NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 720 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 720 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 721 1 Wesley Wesley NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 721 2 NNU NNU NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 721 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 722 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 722 2 Horobin Horobin NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 722 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 722 4 Simon Simon NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 722 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 723 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1664 723 2 Chaucer Chaucer NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 723 3 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-1664 723 4 Middle Middle NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 723 5 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 723 6 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1664 723 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 724 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 724 2 Open open JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 724 3 Access Access NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 724 4 Companion Companion NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 724 5 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 724 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 724 7 Canterbury Canterbury NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 724 8 Tales Tales NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1664 724 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 725 1 Louisiana Louisiana NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 725 2 State State NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 725 3 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 725 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 726 1 Retrieved retrieve VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 726 2 24 24 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 726 3 November November NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 726 4 2019 2019 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 726 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 727 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 727 2 only only JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 727 3 appearances appearance NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 727 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 727 5 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1664 727 6 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 727 7 them -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1664 727 8 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 727 9 Chaucer Chaucer NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 727 10 ’s ’s POS en-wikipedia-org-1664 727 11 works work NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 727 12 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1664 727 13 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 727 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 727 15 Reeve Reeve NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 727 16 ’s ’s POS en-wikipedia-org-1664 727 17 Tale Tale NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 727 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 727 19 where where WRB en-wikipedia-org-1664 727 20 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1664 727 21 form form VBP en-wikipedia-org-1664 727 22 part part NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 727 23 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 727 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 727 25 Northern northern JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 727 26 dialect dialect NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 727 27 spoken speak VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 727 28 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 727 29 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 727 30 two two CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 727 31 Cambridge Cambridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 727 32 students student NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 727 33 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 727 34 Aleyn Aleyn NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 727 35 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 727 36 John John NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 727 37 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 727 38 demonstrating demonstrate VBG en-wikipedia-org-1664 727 39 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 727 40 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 727 41 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 727 42 time time NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 727 43 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1664 727 44 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1664 727 45 still still RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 727 46 perceived perceive VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 727 47 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1664 727 48 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 727 49 Northernisms Northernisms NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 727 50 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-1664 727 51 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 727 52 b b NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 727 53 Lass Lass NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 727 54 2000 2000 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 727 55 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 727 56 sfn sfn NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 727 57 error error NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 727 58 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1664 727 59 multiple multiple JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 727 60 targets target NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 727 61 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 727 62 3× 3× NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 727 63 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 727 64 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1664 727 65 CITEREFLass2000 citereflass2000 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 727 66 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 727 67 help help NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 727 68 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 727 69 ^ ^ . en-wikipedia-org-1664 727 70 Görlach Görlach NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 727 71 1991 1991 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 727 72 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 727 73 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 727 74 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 728 1 66–70 66–70 LS en-wikipedia-org-1664 728 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 729 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 729 2 Nevalainen Nevalainen NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 729 3 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 729 4 Tieken Tieken NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 729 5 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 729 6 Boon Boon NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 729 7 van van NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 729 8 Ostade Ostade NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 729 9 2006 2006 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 729 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 729 11 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 729 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 730 1 274–79 274–79 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 730 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 731 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 731 2 Cercignani Cercignani NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 731 3 1981 1981 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 731 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 732 1 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 732 2 How how WRB en-wikipedia-org-1664 732 3 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 732 4 evolved evolve VBD en-wikipedia-org-1664 732 5 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 732 6 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 732 7 global global JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 732 8 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 732 9 2010 2010 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 732 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 733 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-1664 733 2 Romaine Romaine NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 733 3 2006 2006 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 733 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 733 5 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 733 6   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 733 7 586 586 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 733 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 734 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 734 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 734 3 b b NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 734 4 Mufwene Mufwene NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 734 5 2006 2006 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 734 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 734 7 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 734 8   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 734 9 614 614 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 734 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 735 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 735 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 735 3 b b NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 735 4 Northrup Northrup NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 735 5 2013 2013 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 735 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 735 7 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 735 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 736 1 81–86 81–86 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 736 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 737 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 737 2 Baker Baker NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 737 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 737 4 Colin Colin NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 737 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 737 6 August August NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 737 7 1998 1998 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 737 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 737 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 738 1 Encyclopedia Encyclopedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 738 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 738 3 Bilingualism Bilingualism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 738 4 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 738 5 Bilingual Bilingual NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 738 6 Education Education NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 738 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 738 8 page page NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 738 9 CCCXI cccxi NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 738 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 739 1 Multilingual Multilingual NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 739 2 Matters Matters NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1664 739 3 Ltd. Ltd. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 739 4 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 739 5   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 739 6 311 311 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 739 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 740 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 740 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 740 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 740 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 740 5 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 740 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 740 7 85359 85359 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 740 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 740 9 362 362 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 740 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 740 11 8 8 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 740 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 741 1 Retrieved retrieved JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 741 2 9 9 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 741 3 August August NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 741 4 2015 2015 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 741 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 742 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 742 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 742 3 b b NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 742 4 c c NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 742 5 Graddol Graddol NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 742 6 2006 2006 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 742 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 743 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 743 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 743 3 b b NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 743 4 c c NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 743 5 Crystal Crystal NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 743 6 2003a 2003a CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 743 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 744 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 744 2 McCrum McCrum NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 744 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 744 4 MacNeil MacNeil NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 744 5 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 744 6 Cran Cran NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 744 7 2003 2003 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 744 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 744 9 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 744 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 745 1 9–10 9–10 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 745 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 746 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 746 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 746 3 b b NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 746 4 Romaine Romaine NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 746 5 1999 1999 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 746 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 746 7 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 746 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 747 1 1–56 1–56 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 747 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 748 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 748 2 Romaine Romaine NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 748 3 1999 1999 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 748 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 748 5 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 748 6   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 748 7 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 748 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 749 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 749 2 Leech Leech NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 749 3 et et FW en-wikipedia-org-1664 749 4 al al NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 749 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 750 1 2009 2009 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 750 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 750 3 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 750 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 751 1 18–19 18–19 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 751 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 752 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 752 2 Mair Mair NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 752 3 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 752 4 Leech Leech NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 752 5 2006 2006 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 752 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 753 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 753 2 Mair Mair NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 753 3 2006 2006 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 753 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 754 1 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-1664 754 2 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1664 754 3 Which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1664 754 4 countries country NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 754 5 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1664 754 6 best good JJS en-wikipedia-org-1664 754 7 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 754 8 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 754 9 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 754 10 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 754 11 second second JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 754 12 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 754 13 ? ? . en-wikipedia-org-1664 754 14 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1664 754 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 755 1 World World NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 755 2 Economic Economic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 755 3 Forum Forum NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 755 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 756 1 Retrieved retrieve VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 756 2 29 29 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 756 3 November November NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 756 4 2016 2016 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 756 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 757 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 757 2 Crystal crystal NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 757 3 2003b 2003b CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 757 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 757 5 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 757 6   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 757 7 106 106 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 757 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 758 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 758 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 758 3 b b NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 758 4 Svartvik Svartvik NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 758 5 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 758 6 Leech Leech NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 758 7 2006 2006 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 758 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 758 9 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 758 10   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 758 11 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 758 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 759 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 759 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 759 3 b b NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 759 4 Kachru Kachru NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 759 5 2006 2006 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 759 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 759 7 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 759 8   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 759 9 196 196 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 759 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 760 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 760 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 760 3 b b NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 760 4 Ryan Ryan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 760 5 2013 2013 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 760 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 760 7 Table table NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 760 8 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 760 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 761 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-1664 761 2 Office Office NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 761 3 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 761 4 National National NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 761 5 Statistics Statistics NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1664 761 6 2013 2013 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 761 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 761 8 Key Key NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 761 9 Points Points NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1664 761 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 762 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-1664 762 2 National National NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 762 3 Records Records NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1664 762 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 762 5 Scotland Scotland NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 762 6 2013 2013 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 762 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 763 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-1664 763 2 Northern Northern NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 763 3 Ireland Ireland NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 763 4 Statistics Statistics NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 763 5 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 763 6 Research Research NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 763 7 Agency Agency NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 763 8 2012 2012 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 763 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 763 10 Table table NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 763 11 KS207NI ks207ni NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 763 12 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1664 763 13 Main Main NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 763 14 Language Language NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 763 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 764 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 764 2 Statistics Statistics NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1664 764 3 Canada Canada NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 764 4 2014 2014 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 764 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 765 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 765 2 Australian Australian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 765 3 Bureau Bureau NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 765 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 765 5 Statistics Statistics NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 765 6 2013 2013 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 765 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 766 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 766 2 Statistics Statistics NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1664 766 3 South South NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 766 4 Africa Africa NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 766 5 2012 2012 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 766 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 766 7 Table table NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 766 8 2.5 2.5 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 766 9 Population Population NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 766 10 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 766 11 first first JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 766 12 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 766 13 spoken speak VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 766 14 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 766 15 province province NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 766 16 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 766 17 number number NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 766 18 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 766 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 767 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-1664 767 2 Statistics Statistics NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 767 3 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 767 4 Zealand Zealand NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 767 5 2014 2014 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 767 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 768 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 768 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 768 3 b b NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 768 4 c c NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 768 5 d d NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 768 6 Bao Bao NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 768 7 2006 2006 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 768 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 768 9 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 768 10   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 768 11 377 377 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 768 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 769 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-1664 769 2 Crystal crystal NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 769 3 2003a 2003a CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 769 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 769 5 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 769 6   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 769 7 69 69 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 769 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 770 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 770 2 Rubino Rubino NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 770 3 2006 2006 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 770 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 771 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 771 2 Patrick Patrick NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 771 3 2006a 2006a CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 771 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 772 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 772 2 Lim Lim NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 772 3 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 772 4 Ansaldo Ansaldo NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 772 5 2006 2006 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 772 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 773 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-1664 773 2 Connell Connell NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 773 3 2006 2006 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 773 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 774 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 774 2 Schneider Schneider NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 774 3 2007 2007 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 774 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 775 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 775 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 775 3 b b NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 775 4 Trudgill Trudgill NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 775 5 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 775 6 Hannah Hannah NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 775 7 2008 2008 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 775 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 775 9 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 775 10   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 775 11 5 5 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 775 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 776 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 776 2 Trudgill Trudgill NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 776 3 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 776 4 Hannah Hannah NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 776 5 2008 2008 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 776 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 776 7 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 776 8   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 776 9 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 776 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 777 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 777 2 European European NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 777 3 Commission Commission NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 777 4 2012 2012 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 777 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 778 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 778 2 Kachru Kachru NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 778 3 2006 2006 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 778 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 778 5 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 778 6   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 778 7 197 197 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 778 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 779 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 779 2 Kachru Kachru NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 779 3 2006 2006 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 779 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 779 5 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 779 6   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 779 7 198 198 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 779 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 780 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 780 2 Bao Bao NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 780 3 2006 2006 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 780 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 781 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 781 2 Trudgill Trudgill NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 781 3 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 781 4 Hannah Hannah NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 781 5 2008 2008 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 781 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 781 7 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 781 8   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 781 9 7 7 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 781 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 782 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 782 2 Trudgill Trudgill NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 782 3 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 782 4 Hannah Hannah NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 782 5 2008 2008 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 782 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 782 7 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 782 8   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 782 9 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 782 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 783 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-1664 783 2 Romaine Romaine NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 783 3 1999 1999 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 783 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 784 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 784 2 Baugh Baugh NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 784 3 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 784 4 Cable Cable NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 784 5 2002 2002 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 784 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 785 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 785 2 Trudgill Trudgill NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 785 3 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 785 4 Hannah Hannah NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 785 5 2008 2008 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 785 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 785 7 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 785 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 786 1 8–9 8–9 NFP en-wikipedia-org-1664 786 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 787 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 787 2 Ammon Ammon NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 787 3 2008 2008 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 787 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 787 5 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 787 6   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 787 7 1539 1539 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 787 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 788 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 788 2 Marsh Marsh NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 788 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 788 4 David David NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 788 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 788 6 26 26 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 788 7 November November NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 788 8 2010 2010 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 788 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 788 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 789 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1664 789 2 Lickety Lickety NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 789 3 splits split VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 789 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1664 789 5 two two CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 789 6 nations nation NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 789 7 divided divide VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 789 8 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 789 9 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 789 10 common common JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 789 11 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 789 12 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1664 789 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 790 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 790 2 Guardian Guardian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 790 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 790 4 UK UK NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 790 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 790 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 791 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 791 2 26 26 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 791 3 December December NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 791 4 2015 2015 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 791 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 792 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 792 2 Trudgill Trudgill NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 792 3 2006 2006 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 792 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 793 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 793 2 Ammon Ammon NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 793 3 2008 2008 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 793 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 793 5 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 793 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 794 1 1537–1539 1537–1539 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 794 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 795 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 795 2 Svartvik Svartvik NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 795 3 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 795 4 Leech Leech NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 795 5 2006 2006 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 795 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 795 7 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 795 8   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 795 9 122 122 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 795 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 796 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 796 2 Trudgill Trudgill NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 796 3 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 796 4 Hannah Hannah NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 796 5 2008 2008 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 796 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 796 7 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 796 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 797 1 5–6 5–6 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 797 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 798 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 798 2 Deumert Deumert NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 798 3 2006 2006 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 798 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 798 5 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 798 6   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 798 7 130 130 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 798 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 799 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 799 2 Deumert Deumert NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 799 3 2006 2006 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 799 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 799 5 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 799 6   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 799 7 131 131 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 799 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 800 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 800 2 Crawford Crawford NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 800 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 800 4 James James NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 800 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 800 6 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 800 7 February February NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 800 8 2012 2012 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 800 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 800 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 801 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1664 801 2 Language Language NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 801 3 Legislation Legislation NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 801 4 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 801 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 801 6 U.S.A. U.S.A. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 801 7 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1664 801 8 languagepolicy.net languagepolicy.net NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 801 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 802 1 Retrieved retrieve VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 802 2 29 29 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 802 3 May May NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 802 4 2013 2013 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 802 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 803 1 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-1664 803 2 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1664 803 3 States state NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 803 4 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 803 5 Official official JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 803 6 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 803 7 Laws Laws NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1664 803 8 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1664 803 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 804 1 us-english.org us-english.org NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 804 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 805 1 Archived archived JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 805 2 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 805 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 805 4 original original NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 805 5 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 805 6 15 15 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 805 7 May May NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 805 8 2013 2013 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 805 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 806 1 Retrieved retrieve VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 806 2 29 29 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 806 3 May May NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 806 4 2013 2013 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 806 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 807 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 807 2 Romaine Romaine NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 807 3 1999 1999 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 807 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 807 5 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 807 6   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 807 7 5 5 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 807 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 808 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 808 2 Svartvik Svartvik NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 808 3 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 808 4 Leech Leech NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 808 5 2006 2006 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 808 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 808 7 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 808 8   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 808 9 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 808 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 809 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 809 2 Kachru Kachru NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 809 3 2006 2006 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 809 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 809 5 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 809 6   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 809 7 195 195 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 809 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 810 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 810 2 Mazrui Mazrui NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 810 3 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 810 4 Mazrui Mazrui NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 810 5 1998 1998 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 810 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 811 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-1664 811 2 Mesthrie Mesthrie NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 811 3 2010 2010 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 811 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 811 5 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 811 6   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 811 7 594 594 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 811 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 812 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-1664 812 2 Annamalai Annamalai NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 812 3 2006 2006 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 812 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 813 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 813 2 Sailaja Sailaja NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 813 3 2009 2009 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 813 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 813 5 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 813 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 814 1 2–9 2–9 XX en-wikipedia-org-1664 814 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 815 1 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-1664 815 2 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1664 815 3 Indiaspeak indiaspeak NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 815 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1664 815 5 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 815 6 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 815 7 our -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1664 815 8 2nd 2nd JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 815 9 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 815 10 – – : en-wikipedia-org-1664 815 11 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 815 12 Times Times NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 815 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 815 14 India India NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 815 15 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1664 815 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 816 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 816 2 Times Times NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 816 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 816 4 India India NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 816 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 817 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 817 2 5 5 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 817 3 January January NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 817 4 2016 2016 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 817 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 818 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 818 2 Human Human NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 818 3 Development Development NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 818 4 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 818 5 India India NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 818 6 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1664 818 7 Challenges challenge NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 818 8 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 818 9 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 818 10 Society Society NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 818 11 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 818 12 Transition Transition NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 818 13 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 818 14 PDF PDF NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 818 15 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 818 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 819 1 Oxford Oxford NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 819 2 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 819 3 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 819 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 820 1 2005 2005 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 820 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 821 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 821 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 821 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 821 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 821 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 821 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 821 7 19 19 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 821 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 821 9 806512 806512 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 821 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 821 11 8 8 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 821 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 822 1 Archived archived JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 822 2 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 822 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 822 4 original original JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 822 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 822 6 PDF PDF NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 822 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 822 8 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 822 9 11 11 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 822 10 December December NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 822 11 2015 2015 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 822 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 823 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 823 2 5 5 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 823 3 January January NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 823 4 2016 2016 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 823 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 824 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-1664 824 2 Crystal Crystal NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 824 3 2004 2004 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 824 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 825 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-1664 825 2 Graddol Graddol NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 825 3 2010 2010 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 825 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 826 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-1664 826 2 Meierkord Meierkord NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 826 3 2006 2006 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 826 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 826 5 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 826 6   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 826 7 165 165 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 826 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 827 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-1664 827 2 Brutt Brutt NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 827 3 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 827 4 Griffler Griffler NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 827 5 2006 2006 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 827 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 827 7 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 827 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 828 1 690–91 690–91 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 828 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 829 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 829 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 829 3 b b NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 829 4 Northrup Northrup NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 829 5 2013 2013 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 829 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 830 1 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 830 2 Wojcik Wojcik NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 830 3 2006 2006 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 830 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 830 5 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 830 6   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 830 7 139 139 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 830 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 831 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 831 2 International International NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 831 3 Maritime Maritime NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 831 4 Organization Organization NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 831 5 2011 2011 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 831 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 832 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-1664 832 2 International International NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 832 3 Civil Civil NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 832 4 Aviation Aviation NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 832 5 Organization Organization NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 832 6 2011 2011 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 832 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 833 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 833 2 Gordin Gordin NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 833 3 2015 2015 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 833 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 834 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 834 2 Phillipson Phillipson NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 834 3 2004 2004 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 834 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 834 5 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 834 6   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 834 7 47 47 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 834 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 835 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 835 2 ConradRubal ConradRubal NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 835 3 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 835 4 Lopez Lopez NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 835 5 1996 1996 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 835 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 835 7 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 835 8   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 835 9 261 261 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 835 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 836 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 836 2 Richter Richter NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 836 3 2012 2012 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 836 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 836 5 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 836 6   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 836 7 29 29 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 836 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 837 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 837 2 United United NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 837 3 Nations Nations NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 837 4 2008 2008 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 837 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 838 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 838 2 Ammon Ammon NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 838 3 2006 2006 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 838 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 838 5 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 838 6   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 838 7 321 321 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 838 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 839 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 839 2 European European NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 839 3 Commission Commission NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 839 4 2012 2012 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 839 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 839 6 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 839 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 840 1 21 21 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 840 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 840 3 19 19 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 840 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 841 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 841 2 Alcaraz Alcaraz NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 841 3 Ariza Ariza NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 841 4 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 841 5 Navarro Navarro NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 841 6 2006 2006 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 841 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 842 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-1664 842 2 Brutt Brutt NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 842 3 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 842 4 Griffler Griffler NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 842 5 2006 2006 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 842 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 842 7 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 842 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 843 1 694–95 694–95 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 843 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 844 1 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-1664 844 2 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1664 844 3 Globish Globish NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 844 4 – – : en-wikipedia-org-1664 844 5 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 844 6 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 844 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 844 8 international international JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 844 9 business business NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 844 10 ? ? . en-wikipedia-org-1664 844 11 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1664 844 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 845 1 Global Global NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 845 2 Lingo Lingo NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 845 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 846 1 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 846 2 April April NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 846 3 2012 2012 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 846 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 847 1 Retrieved retrieve VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 847 2 24 24 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 847 3 November November NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 847 4 2019 2019 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 847 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 848 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-1664 848 2 Crystal Crystal NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 848 3 2002 2002 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 848 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 849 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 849 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 849 3 b b NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 849 4 Jambor Jambor NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 849 5 2007 2007 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 849 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 850 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 850 2 Svartvik Svartvik NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 850 3 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 850 4 Leech Leech NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 850 5 2006 2006 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 850 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 850 7 Chapter chapter NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 850 8 12 12 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 850 9 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1664 850 10 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 850 11 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 850 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 850 13 Future Future NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 850 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 851 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-1664 851 2 Crystal Crystal NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 851 3 2006 2006 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 851 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 852 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-1664 852 2 Brutt Brutt NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 852 3 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 852 4 Griffler Griffler NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 852 5 2006 2006 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 852 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 853 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 853 2 Li Li NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 853 3 2003 2003 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 853 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 854 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-1664 854 2 Meierkord Meierkord NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 854 3 2006 2006 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 854 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 854 5 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 854 6   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 854 7 163 163 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 854 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 855 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-1664 855 2 Wolfram Wolfram NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 855 3 2006 2006 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 855 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 855 5 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 855 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 856 1 334–335 334–335 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 856 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 857 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 857 2 Carr Carr NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 857 3 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 857 4 Honeybone Honeybone NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 857 5 2007 2007 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 857 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 858 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 858 2 Bermúdez Bermúdez NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 858 3 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 858 4 Otero Otero NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 858 5 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 858 6 McMahon McMahon NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 858 7 2006 2006 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 858 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 859 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-1664 859 2 MacMahon MacMahon NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 859 3 2006 2006 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 859 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 860 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 860 2 International International NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 860 3 Phonetic Phonetic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 860 4 Association Association NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 860 5 1999 1999 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 860 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 860 7 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 860 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 861 1 41–42 41–42 LS en-wikipedia-org-1664 861 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 862 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 862 2 König König NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 862 3 1994 1994 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 862 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 862 5 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 862 6   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 862 7 534 534 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 862 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 863 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 863 2 Collins Collins NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 863 3 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 863 4 Mees Mees NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 863 5 2003 2003 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 863 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 863 7 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 863 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 864 1 47–53 47–53 LS en-wikipedia-org-1664 864 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 865 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 865 2 Trudgill Trudgill NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 865 3 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 865 4 Hannah Hannah NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 865 5 2008 2008 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 865 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 865 7 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 865 8   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 865 9 13 13 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 865 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 866 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 866 2 Trudgill Trudgill NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 866 3 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 866 4 Hannah Hannah NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 866 5 2008 2008 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 866 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 866 7 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 866 8   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 866 9 41 41 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 866 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 867 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 867 2 Brinton Brinton NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 867 3 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 867 4 Brinton Brinton NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 867 5 2010 2010 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 867 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 867 7 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 867 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 868 1 56–59 56–59 LS en-wikipedia-org-1664 868 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 869 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-1664 869 2 Wells Wells NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 869 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 869 4 John John NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 869 5 C. C. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 869 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 869 7 8 8 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 869 8 February February NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 869 9 2001 2001 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 869 10 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 869 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 870 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1664 870 2 IPA ipa JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 870 3 transcription transcription NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 870 4 systems system NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 870 5 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 870 6 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 870 7 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1664 870 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 871 1 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 871 2 College College NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 871 3 London London NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 871 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 872 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 872 2 Collins Collins NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 872 3 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 872 4 Mees Mees NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 872 5 2003 2003 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 872 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 872 7 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 872 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 873 1 46–50 46–50 LS en-wikipedia-org-1664 873 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 874 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 874 2 Cruttenden Cruttenden NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 874 3 2014 2014 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 874 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 874 5 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 874 6   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 874 7 138 138 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 874 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 875 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 875 2 Flemming Flemming NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 875 3 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 875 4 Johnson Johnson NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 875 5 2007 2007 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 875 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 876 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-1664 876 2 Wells Wells NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 876 3 1982 1982 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 876 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 876 5 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 876 6   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 876 7 167 167 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 876 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 877 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-1664 877 2 Wells Wells NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 877 3 1982 1982 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 877 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 877 5 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 877 6   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 877 7 121 121 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 877 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 878 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 878 2 Brinton Brinton NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 878 3 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 878 4 Brinton Brinton NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 878 5 2010 2010 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 878 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 878 7 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 878 8   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 878 9 60 60 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 878 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 879 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 879 2 König König NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 879 3 1994 1994 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 879 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 879 5 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 879 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 880 1 537–538 537–538 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 880 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 881 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 881 2 International International NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 881 3 Phonetic Phonetic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 881 4 Association Association NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 881 5 1999 1999 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 881 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 881 7 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 881 8   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 881 9 42 42 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 881 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 882 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-1664 882 2 Oxford Oxford NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 882 3 Learner Learner NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 882 4 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-1664 882 5 Dictionary Dictionary NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 882 6 2015 2015 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 882 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 882 8 Entry Entry NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 882 9 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1664 882 10 contract contract NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 882 11 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1664 882 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 883 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 883 2 Merriam Merriam NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 883 3 Webster Webster NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 883 4 2015 2015 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 883 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 883 6 Entry Entry NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 883 7 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1664 883 8 contract contract NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 883 9 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1664 883 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 884 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-1664 884 2 Macquarie Macquarie NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 884 3 Dictionary Dictionary NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 884 4 2015 2015 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 884 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 884 6 Entry Entry NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 884 7 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1664 884 8 contract contract NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 884 9 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1664 884 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 885 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 885 2 Brinton Brinton NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 885 3 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 885 4 Brinton Brinton NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 885 5 2010 2010 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 885 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 885 7 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 885 8   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 885 9 66 66 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 885 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 886 1 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-1664 886 2 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1664 886 3 Sentence sentence NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 886 4 stress stress NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 886 5 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1664 886 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 887 1 ESOL ESOL NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 887 2 Nexus Nexus NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 887 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 888 1 British British NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 888 2 Council Council NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 888 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 889 1 Retrieved retrieve VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 889 2 24 24 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 889 3 November November NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 889 4 2019 2019 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 889 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 890 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 890 2 Lunden Lunden NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 890 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 890 4 Anya Anya NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 890 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 890 6 2017 2017 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 890 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 890 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 891 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1664 891 2 Duration Duration NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 891 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 891 4 vowel vowel NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 891 5 quality quality NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 891 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 891 7 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 891 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 891 9 rhythmic rhythmic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 891 10 pattern pattern NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 891 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 891 12 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 891 13 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1664 891 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 892 1 Laboratory Laboratory NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 892 2 Phonology Phonology NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 892 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 893 1 8 8 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 893 2 : : SYM en-wikipedia-org-1664 893 3 27 27 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 893 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 893 5 doi:10.5334 doi:10.5334 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 893 6 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-1664 893 7 labphon.37 labphon.37 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 893 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 894 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 894 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 894 3 b b NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 894 4 Trudgill Trudgill NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 894 5 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 894 6 Hannah Hannah NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 894 7 2002 2002 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 894 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 894 9 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 894 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 895 1 4–6 4–6 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 895 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 896 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 896 2 Lass Lass NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 896 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 896 4 Roger Roger NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 896 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 896 6 2000 2000 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 896 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 896 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 897 1 Lass Lass NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 897 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 897 3 Roger Roger NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 897 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 897 5 ed ed NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 897 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 897 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 897 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 898 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 898 2 Cambridge Cambridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 898 3 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 898 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 898 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 898 6 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 898 7 Language Language NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 898 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 898 9 Volume Volume NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 898 10 II II NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 898 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 899 1 Cambridge Cambridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 899 2 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 899 3 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 899 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 900 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 900 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 901 1 90 90 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 901 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 901 3 118 118 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 901 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 901 5 610 610 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 901 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 902 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 902 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 902 3 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 902 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 902 5 521 521 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 902 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 902 7 26475 26475 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 902 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 902 9 8 8 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 902 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 903 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 903 2 Lass Lass NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 903 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 903 4 Roger Roger NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 903 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 903 6 2000 2000 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 903 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 903 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 904 1 Lass Lass NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 904 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 904 3 Roger Roger NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 904 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 904 5 ed ed NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 904 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 904 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 904 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 905 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 905 2 Cambridge Cambridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 905 3 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 905 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 905 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 905 6 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 905 7 Language Language NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 905 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 905 9 Volume Volume NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 905 10 III III NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 905 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 906 1 Cambridge Cambridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 906 2 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 906 3 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 906 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 907 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 907 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 908 1 80 80 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 908 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 908 3 656 656 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 908 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 909 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 909 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 909 3 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 909 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 909 5 521 521 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 909 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 909 7 26476 26476 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 909 8 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-1664 909 9 6 6 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 909 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 910 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 910 2 Roach Roach NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 910 3 2009 2009 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 910 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 910 5 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 910 6   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 910 7 53 53 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 910 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 911 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 911 2 Giegerich Giegerich NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 911 3 1992 1992 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 911 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 911 5 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 911 6   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 911 7 36 36 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 911 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 912 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-1664 912 2 Wells Wells NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 912 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 912 4 John John NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 912 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 912 6 1982 1982 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 912 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 912 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 913 1 Accents accent NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 913 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 913 3 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 913 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 914 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 914 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 914 3 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 914 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 914 5 521 521 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 914 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 914 7 28540 28540 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 914 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 914 9 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 914 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 915 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-1664 915 2 Lass Lass NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 915 3 2000 2000 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 915 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 915 5 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 915 6   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 915 7 114 114 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 915 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 915 9 sfn sfn NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 915 10 error error NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 915 11 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1664 915 12 multiple multiple JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 915 13 targets target NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 915 14 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 915 15 3× 3× NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 915 16 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 915 17 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1664 915 18 CITEREFLass2000 citereflass2000 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 915 19 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 915 20 help help NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 915 21 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 915 22 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-1664 915 23 Wells Wells NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 915 24 1982 1982 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 915 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 915 26 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 915 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 916 1 xviii xviii NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 916 2 – – : en-wikipedia-org-1664 916 3 xix xix NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 916 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 917 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-1664 917 2 Wells Wells NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 917 3 1982 1982 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 917 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 917 5 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 917 6   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 917 7 493 493 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 917 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 918 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 918 2 Huddleston Huddleston NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 918 3 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 918 4 Pullum Pullum NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 918 5 2002 2002 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 918 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 918 7 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 918 8   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 918 9 22 22 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 918 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 919 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 919 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 919 3 b b NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 919 4 c c NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 919 5 d d NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 919 6 Carter Carter NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 919 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 919 8 Ronald Ronald NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 919 9 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1664 919 10 McCarthey McCarthey NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 919 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 919 12 Michael Michael NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 919 13 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1664 919 14 Mark Mark NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 919 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 919 16 Geraldine Geraldine NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 919 17 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1664 919 18 O'Keeffe O'Keeffe NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 919 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 919 20 Anne Anne NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 919 21 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 919 22 2016 2016 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 919 23 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 919 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 920 1 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 920 2 Grammar Grammar NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 920 3 Today Today NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 920 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 921 1 Cambridge Cambridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 921 2 Univ Univ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 921 3 Pr Pr NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 921 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 922 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 922 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 922 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 922 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 922 5 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 922 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 922 7 316 316 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 922 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 922 9 61739 61739 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 922 10 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-1664 922 11 7 7 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 922 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 923 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 923 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 923 3 b b NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 923 4 Baugh Baugh NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 923 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 923 6 Albert Albert NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 923 7 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1664 923 8 Cable Cable NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 923 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 923 10 Thomas Thomas NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 923 11 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 923 12 2012 2012 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 923 13 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 923 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 924 1 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 924 2 history history NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 924 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 924 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 924 5 English english JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 924 6 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 924 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 924 8 6th 6th JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 924 9   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 924 10 ed ed NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 924 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 924 12 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 924 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 925 1 Routledge Routledge NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 925 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 926 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 926 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 926 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 926 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 926 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 926 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 926 7 415 415 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 926 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 926 9 65596 65596 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 926 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 926 11 5 5 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 926 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 927 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 927 2 Aarts Aarts NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 927 3 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 927 4 Haegeman Haegeman NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 927 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 927 6 2006 2006 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 927 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 927 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 927 9 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 927 10   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 927 11 118 118 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 927 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 928 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 928 2 Payne Payne NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 928 3 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 928 4 Huddleston Huddleston NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 928 5 2002 2002 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 928 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 929 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 929 2 Huddleston Huddleston NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 929 3 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 929 4 Pullum Pullum NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 929 5 2002 2002 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 929 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 929 7 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 929 8   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 929 9 56–57 56–57 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 929 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 930 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 930 2 Huddleston Huddleston NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 930 3 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 930 4 Pullum Pullum NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 930 5 2002 2002 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 930 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 930 7 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 930 8   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 930 9 55 55 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 930 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 931 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 931 2 Huddleston Huddleston NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 931 3 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 931 4 Pullum Pullum NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 931 5 2002 2002 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 931 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 931 7 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 931 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 932 1 54–5 54–5 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 932 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 933 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 933 2 Huddleston Huddleston NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 933 3 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 933 4 Pullum Pullum NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 933 5 2002 2002 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 933 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 933 7 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 933 8   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 933 9 57 57 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 933 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 934 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 934 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 934 3 b b NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 934 4 König König NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 934 5 1994 1994 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 934 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 934 7 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 934 8   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 934 9 540 540 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 934 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 935 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 935 2 Mair Mair NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 935 3 2006 2006 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 935 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 935 5 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 935 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 936 1 148–49 148–49 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 936 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 937 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 937 2 Leech Leech NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 937 3 2006 2006 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 937 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 937 5 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 937 6   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 937 7 69 69 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 937 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 938 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 938 2 O'Dwyer O'Dwyer NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 938 3 2006 2006 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 938 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 939 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-1664 939 2 Greenbaum Greenbaum NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 939 3 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 939 4 Nelson Nelson NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 939 5 2002 2002 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 939 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 940 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-1664 940 2 Sweet Sweet NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 940 3 2014 2014 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 940 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 940 5 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 940 6   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 940 7 52 52 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 940 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 941 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 941 2 Jespersen Jespersen NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 941 3 2007 2007 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 941 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 941 5 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 941 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 942 1 173–185 173–185 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 942 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 943 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 943 2 Huddleston Huddleston NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 943 3 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 943 4 Pullum Pullum NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 943 5 2002 2002 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 943 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 943 7 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 943 8   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 943 9 425–26 425–26 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 943 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 944 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 944 2 Huddleston Huddleston NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 944 3 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 944 4 Pullum Pullum NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 944 5 2002 2002 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 944 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 944 7 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 944 8   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 944 9 426 426 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 944 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 945 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 945 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 945 3 b b NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 945 4 Huddleston Huddleston NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 945 5 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 945 6 Pullum Pullum NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 945 7 2002 2002 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 945 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 945 9 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 945 10   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 945 11 58 58 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 945 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 946 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 946 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 946 3 b b NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 946 4 Huddleston Huddleston NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 946 5 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 946 6 Pullum Pullum NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 946 7 2002 2002 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 946 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 946 9 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 946 10   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 946 11 51 51 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 946 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 947 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 947 2 König König NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 947 3 1994 1994 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 947 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 947 5 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 947 6   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 947 7 541 541 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 947 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 948 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 948 2 Huddleston Huddleston NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 948 3 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 948 4 Pullum Pullum NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 948 5 2002 2002 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 948 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 948 7 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 948 8   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 948 9 50 50 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 948 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 949 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 949 2 Huddleston Huddleston NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 949 3 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 949 4 Pullum Pullum NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 949 5 2002 2002 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 949 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 949 7 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 949 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 950 1 208–210 208–210 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 950 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 951 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 951 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 951 3 b b NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 951 4 Huddleston Huddleston NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 951 5 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 951 6 Pullum Pullum NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 951 7 2002 2002 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 951 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 951 9 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 951 10   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 951 11 51–52 51–52 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 951 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 952 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 952 2 Huddleston Huddleston NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 952 3 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 952 4 Pullum Pullum NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 952 5 2002 2002 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 952 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 952 7 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 952 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 953 1 210–11 210–11 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 953 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 954 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 954 2 Huddleston Huddleston NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 954 3 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 954 4 Pullum Pullum NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 954 5 2002 2002 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 954 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 954 7 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 954 8   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 954 9 50–51 50–51 NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 954 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 955 1 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-1664 955 2 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1664 955 3 Finite Finite NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 955 4 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 955 5 Nonfinite Nonfinite NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 955 6 Clauses clause NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 955 7 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1664 955 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 956 1 MyEnglishGrammar.com myenglishgrammar.com ADD en-wikipedia-org-1664 956 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 957 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 957 2 7 7 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 957 3 December December NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 957 4 2019 2019 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 957 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 958 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-1664 958 2 Dixon Dixon NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 958 3 1982 1982 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 958 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 959 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 959 2 McArthur McArthur NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 959 3 1992 1992 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 959 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 959 5 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 959 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 960 1 64 64 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 960 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 960 3 610–611 610–611 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 960 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 961 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 961 2 König König NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 961 3 1994 1994 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 961 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 961 5 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 961 6   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 961 7 553 553 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 961 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 962 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 962 2 König König NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 962 3 1994 1994 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 962 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 962 5 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 962 6   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 962 7 550 550 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 962 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 963 1 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-1664 963 2 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1664 963 3 Cases case NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 963 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 963 5 Nouns Nouns NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1664 963 6 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 963 7 Pronouns Pronouns NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 963 8 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1664 963 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 964 1 Guide guide VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 964 2 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 964 3 Grammar Grammar NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 964 4 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 964 5 Writing Writing NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 964 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 965 1 Retrieved retrieve VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 965 2 24 24 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 965 3 November November NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 965 4 2019 2019 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 965 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 966 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 966 2 König König NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 966 3 1994 1994 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 966 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 966 5 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 966 6   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 966 7 551 551 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 966 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 967 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 967 2 Miller Miller NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 967 3 2002 2002 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 967 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 967 5 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 967 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 968 1 60–69 60–69 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 968 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 969 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 969 2 König König NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 969 3 1994 1994 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 969 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 969 5 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 969 6   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 969 7 545 545 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 969 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 970 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 970 2 König König NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 970 3 1994 1994 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 970 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 970 5 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 970 6   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 970 7 557 557 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 970 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 971 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 971 2 Huddleston Huddleston NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 971 3 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 971 4 Pullum Pullum NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 971 5 2002 2002 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 971 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 971 7 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 971 8   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 971 9 114 114 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 971 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 972 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 972 2 Huddleston Huddleston NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 972 3 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 972 4 Pullum Pullum NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 972 5 2002 2002 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 972 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 972 7 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 972 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 973 1 786–790 786–790 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 973 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 974 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 974 2 Miller Miller NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 974 3 2002 2002 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 974 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 974 5 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 974 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 975 1 26–27 26–27 LS en-wikipedia-org-1664 975 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 976 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 976 2 Huddleston Huddleston NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 976 3 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 976 4 Pullum Pullum NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 976 5 2002 2002 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 976 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 976 7 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 976 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 977 1 7–8 7–8 LS en-wikipedia-org-1664 977 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 978 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 978 2 Huddleston Huddleston NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 978 3 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 978 4 Pullum Pullum NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 978 5 2002 2002 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 978 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 978 7 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 978 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 979 1 1365–70 1365–70 LS en-wikipedia-org-1664 979 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 980 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 980 2 Huddleston Huddleston NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 980 3 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 980 4 Pullum Pullum NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 980 5 2002 2002 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 980 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 980 7 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 980 8   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 980 9 1370 1370 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 980 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 981 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 981 2 Huddleston Huddleston NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 981 3 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 981 4 Pullum Pullum NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 981 5 2002 2002 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 981 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 981 7 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 981 8   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 981 9 1366 1366 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 981 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 982 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 982 2 Halliday Halliday NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 982 3 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 982 4 Hasan Hasan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 982 5 1976 1976 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 982 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 983 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 983 2 Schiffrin Schiffrin NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 983 3 1988 1988 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 983 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 984 1 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-1664 984 2 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1664 984 3 How how WRB en-wikipedia-org-1664 984 4 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 984 5 words word NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 984 6 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1664 984 7 there there RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 984 8 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 984 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 984 10 English english JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 984 11 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 984 12 ? ? . en-wikipedia-org-1664 984 13 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1664 984 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 985 1 Oxford Oxford NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 985 2 Dictionaries Dictionaries NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1664 985 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 986 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 986 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 986 3 b b NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 986 4 c c NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 986 5 d d NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 986 6 e e NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 986 7 Algeo Algeo NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 986 8 1999 1999 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 986 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 987 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 987 2 Leech Leech NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 987 3 et et FW en-wikipedia-org-1664 987 4 al al NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 987 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 988 1 2009 2009 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 988 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 988 3 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 988 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 989 1 24–50 24–50 LS en-wikipedia-org-1664 989 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 990 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 990 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 990 3 b b NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 990 4 c c NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 990 5 Kastovsky Kastovsky NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 990 6 2006 2006 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 990 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 991 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 991 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 991 3 b b NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 991 4 Crystal Crystal NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 991 5 2003b 2003b NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 991 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 991 7 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 991 8   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 991 9 129 129 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 991 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 992 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 992 2 Crystal crystal NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 992 3 2003b 2003b CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 992 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 992 5 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 992 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 993 1 120–121 120–121 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 993 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 994 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 994 2 Williams Williams NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 994 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 994 4 Joseph Joseph NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 994 5 M. M. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 994 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 994 7 18 18 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 994 8 April April NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 994 9 1986 1986 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 994 10 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 994 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 995 1 Joseph Joseph NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 995 2 M. M. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 995 3 Willams Willams NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 995 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 995 5 Origins Origins NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 995 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 995 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 995 8 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 995 9 Language Language NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 995 10 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 995 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 996 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 996 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 996 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 996 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 996 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 996 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 996 7 02 02 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 996 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 996 9 934470 934470 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 996 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 996 11 5 5 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 996 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 997 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 997 2 Denning Denning NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 997 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 997 4 Kessler Kessler NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 997 5 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 997 6 Leben Leben NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 997 7 2007 2007 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 997 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 997 9 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 997 10   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 997 11 7 7 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 997 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 998 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-1664 998 2 Nation Nation NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 998 3 2001 2001 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 998 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 998 5 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 998 6   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 998 7 265 265 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 998 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 999 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 999 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 999 3 b b NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 999 4 Gottlieb Gottlieb NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 999 5 2006 2006 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 999 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 999 7 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 999 8   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 999 9 196 196 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 999 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1000 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1000 2 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1664 1000 3 L'incroyable L'incroyable : en-wikipedia-org-1664 1000 4 histoire histoire NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1000 5 des des FW en-wikipedia-org-1664 1000 6 mots mots NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1000 7 français français NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1000 8 dans dan NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 1000 9 la la NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1000 10 langue langue NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1000 11 anglaise anglaise RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 1000 12 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1664 1000 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1001 1 Daily Daily NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1001 2 Motion Motion NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1001 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1001 4 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1001 5 French French NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1001 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1001 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1002 1 Retrieved retrieve VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1002 2 20 20 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1002 3 November November NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1002 4 2018 2018 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1002 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1003 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1003 2 Denning Denning NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1003 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 1003 4 Kessler Kessler NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1003 5 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 1003 6 Leben Leben NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1003 7 2007 2007 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1003 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1004 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1004 2 Romaine Romaine NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1004 3 1999 1999 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1004 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 1004 5 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1004 6   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1004 7 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1004 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1005 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1005 2 Fasold Fasold NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1005 3 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 1005 4 Connor Connor NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1005 5 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1005 6 Linton Linton NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1005 7 2014 2014 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1005 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 1005 9 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1005 10   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1005 11 302 302 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1005 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1006 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1006 2 Crystal crystal NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1006 3 2003b 2003b CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1006 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 1006 5 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1006 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1007 1 124–127 124–127 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1007 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1008 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1008 2 Algeo Algeo NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1008 3 1999 1999 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1008 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 1008 5 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1008 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1009 1 80–81 80–81 LS en-wikipedia-org-1664 1009 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1010 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1010 2 Brutt Brutt NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1010 3 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1010 4 Griffler Griffler NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1010 5 2006 2006 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1010 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 1010 7 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1010 8   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1010 9 692 692 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1010 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1011 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1011 2 Gottlieb Gottlieb NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1011 3 2006 2006 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1011 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 1011 5 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1011 6   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1011 7 197 197 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1011 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1012 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1012 2 Gottlieb Gottlieb NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1012 3 2006 2006 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1012 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 1012 5 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1012 6   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1012 7 198 198 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1012 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1013 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1013 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 1013 3 b b NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1013 4 Gottlieb Gottlieb NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1013 5 2006 2006 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1013 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 1013 7 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1013 8   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1013 9 202 202 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1013 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1014 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1014 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 1014 3 b b NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1014 4 Swan Swan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1014 5 2006 2006 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1014 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 1014 7 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1014 8   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1014 9 149 149 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1014 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1015 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1015 2 Mountford Mountford NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1015 3 2006 2006 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1015 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1016 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1016 2 Neijt Neijt NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1016 3 2006 2006 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1016 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1017 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1017 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 1017 3 b b NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1017 4 c c NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1017 5 d d NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1017 6 Daniels Daniels NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1017 7 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 1017 8 Bright Bright NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1017 9 1996 1996 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1017 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 1017 11 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1017 12   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1017 13 653 653 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1017 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1018 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1018 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 1018 3 b b NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1018 4 Abercrombie Abercrombie NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1018 5 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 1018 6 Daniels Daniels NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1018 7 2006 2006 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1018 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1019 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1019 2 Mountford Mountford NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1019 3 2006 2006 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1019 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 1019 5 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1019 6   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1019 7 156 156 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1019 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1020 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1020 2 Mountford Mountford NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1020 3 2006 2006 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1020 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 1020 5 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1020 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1021 1 157–158 157–158 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1021 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1022 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1022 2 Daniels Daniels NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1022 3 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 1022 4 Bright Bright NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1022 5 1996 1996 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1022 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 1022 7 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1022 8   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1022 9 654 654 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1022 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1023 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1023 2 Dehaene Dehaene NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1023 3 2009 2009 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1023 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1024 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1024 2 McGuinness mcguinness NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1024 3 1997 1997 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1024 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1025 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1025 2 Shaywitz Shaywitz NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1025 3 2003 2003 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1025 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1026 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1026 2 Mountford Mountford NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1026 3 2006 2006 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1026 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 1026 5 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1026 6   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1026 7 159 159 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1026 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1027 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1027 2 Lawler Lawler NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1027 3 2006 2006 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1027 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 1027 5 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1027 6   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1027 7 290 290 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1027 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1028 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1028 2 Crystal crystal NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1028 3 2003b 2003b CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1028 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 1028 5 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1028 6   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1028 7 107 107 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1028 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1029 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1029 2 Trudgill Trudgill NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1029 3 1999 1999 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1029 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 1029 5 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1029 6   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1029 7 125 125 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1029 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1030 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1030 2 Hughes Hughes NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1030 3 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 1030 4 Trudgill Trudgill NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1030 5 1996 1996 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1030 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 1030 7 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1030 8   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1030 9 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1030 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1031 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1031 2 Hughes Hughes NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1031 3 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 1031 4 Trudgill Trudgill NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1031 5 1996 1996 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1031 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 1031 7 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1031 8   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1031 9 37 37 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1031 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1032 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1032 2 Hughes Hughes NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1032 3 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 1032 4 Trudgill Trudgill NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1032 5 1996 1996 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1032 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 1032 7 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1032 8   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1032 9 40 40 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1032 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1033 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1033 2 Hughes Hughes NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1033 3 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 1033 4 Trudgill Trudgill NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1033 5 1996 1996 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1033 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 1033 7 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1033 8   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1033 9 31 31 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1033 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1034 1 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-1664 1034 2 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1664 1034 3 Estuary Estuary NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1034 4 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1034 5 Q Q NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1034 6 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 1034 7 A A NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1034 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1034 9 JCW JCW NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1034 10 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1664 1034 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1035 1 Phon.ucl.ac.uk Phon.ucl.ac.uk NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1035 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1036 1 Retrieved retrieve VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1036 2 16 16 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1036 3 August August NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1036 4 2010 2010 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1036 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1037 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1037 2 Roach Roach NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1037 3 2009 2009 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1037 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 1037 5 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1037 6   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1037 7 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1037 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1038 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1038 2 Trudgill Trudgill NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1038 3 1999 1999 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1038 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 1038 5 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1038 6   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1038 7 80 80 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1038 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1039 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1039 2 Trudgill Trudgill NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1039 3 1999 1999 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1039 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 1039 5 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1039 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1040 1 80–81 80–81 LS en-wikipedia-org-1664 1040 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1041 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1041 2 Aitken Aitken NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1041 3 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 1041 4 McArthur McArthur NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1041 5 1979 1979 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1041 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 1041 7 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1041 8   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1041 9 81 81 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1041 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1042 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1042 2 Romaine Romaine NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1042 3 1982 1982 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1042 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1043 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1043 2 Hickey Hickey NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1043 3 2007 2007 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1043 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1044 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1044 2 Labov Labov NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1044 3 2012 2012 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1044 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1045 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1045 2 Wells Wells NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1045 3 1982 1982 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1045 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 1045 5 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1045 6   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1045 7 34 34 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1045 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1046 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1046 2 Rowicka Rowicka NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1046 3 2006 2006 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1046 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1047 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1047 2 Toon Toon NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1047 3 1982 1982 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1047 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1048 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1048 2 Cassidy Cassidy NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1048 3 1982 1982 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1048 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1049 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1049 2 Labov Labov NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1049 3 1972 1972 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1049 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1050 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1050 2 Boberg Boberg NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1050 3 2010 2010 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1050 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1051 1 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-1664 1051 2 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1664 1051 3 Do do VBP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1051 4 You -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1051 5 Speak speak VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 1051 6 American American NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1051 7 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1664 1051 8 What what WP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1051 9 Lies lie VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 1051 10 Ahead ahead RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 1051 11 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1664 1051 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1052 1 PBS PBS NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1052 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1053 1 Retrieved retrieve VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1053 2 15 15 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1053 3 August August NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1053 4 2007 2007 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1053 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1054 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1054 2 Thomas Thomas NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1054 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 1054 4 Erik Erik NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1054 5 R. R. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1054 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1054 7 2003 2003 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1054 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1054 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 1054 10 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1664 1054 11 Rural Rural NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1054 12 White White NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1054 13 Southern Southern NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1054 14 Accents Accents NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1664 1054 15 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1664 1054 16 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1054 17 PDF PDF NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1054 18 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1054 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 1054 20 Atlas Atlas NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1054 21 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1054 22 North North NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1054 23 American American NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1054 24 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1054 25 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1054 26 online online NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1054 27 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1054 28 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 1054 29 Mouton Mouton NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1054 30 de de NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1054 31 Gruyter Gruyter NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1054 32 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 1054 33 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1054 34   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1054 35 16 16 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1054 36 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 1054 37 archived archive VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1054 38 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1054 39 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 1054 40 original original JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 1054 41 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1054 42 PDF PDF NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1054 43 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1054 44 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1054 45 22 22 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1054 46 December December NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1054 47 2014 2014 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1054 48 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 1054 49 retrieved retrieve VBD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1054 50 11 11 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1054 51 November November NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1054 52 2015 2015 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1054 53 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1055 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1055 2 Later later RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 1055 3 published publish VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1055 4 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1055 5 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 1055 6 chapter chapter NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1055 7 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1055 8 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1664 1055 9 Bernd Bernd NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1055 10 Kortmann Kortmann NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1055 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 1055 12 Edgar Edgar NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1055 13 W. W. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1055 14 Schneider Schneider NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1055 15 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1055 16 eds eds VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 1055 17 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1055 18 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1055 19 2004 2004 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1055 20 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1055 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1056 1 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 1056 2 Handbook Handbook NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1056 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1056 4 Varieties Varieties NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1664 1056 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1056 6 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1056 7 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1664 1056 8 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 1056 9 Multimedia Multimedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1056 10 Reference Reference NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1056 11 Tool Tool NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1056 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1057 1 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1057 2 York York NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1057 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1664 1057 4 Mouton Mouton NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1057 5 de de FW en-wikipedia-org-1664 1057 6 Gruyter Gruyter NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1057 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 1057 8 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1057 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1058 1 300 300 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1058 2 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-1664 1058 3 324 324 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1058 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1058 5 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1059 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1059 2 Levine Levine NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1059 3 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 1059 4 Crockett Crockett NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1059 5 1966 1966 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1059 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1060 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1060 2 Schönweitz Schönweitz NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1060 3 2001 2001 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1060 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1061 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1061 2 Montgomery Montgomery NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1061 3 1993 1993 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1061 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1062 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1062 2 Thomas Thomas NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1062 3 2008 2008 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1062 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 1062 5 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1062 6   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1062 7 95–96 95–96 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1062 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1063 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1063 2 Bailey Bailey NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1063 3 1997 1997 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1063 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1064 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1064 2 McWhorter McWhorter NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1064 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 1064 4 John John NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1064 5 H. H. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1064 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1064 7 2001 2001 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1064 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1064 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1065 1 Word word NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1065 2 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1065 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 1065 4 Street street NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1065 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1664 1065 6 Debunking debunk VBG en-wikipedia-org-1664 1065 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 1065 8 Myth Myth NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1065 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1065 10 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 1065 11 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1664 1065 12 Pure pure JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 1065 13 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1664 1065 14 Standard Standard NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1065 15 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1065 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1066 1 Basic Basic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1066 2 Books book NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 1066 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1067 1 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1067 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1067 3 162 162 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1067 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1068 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1068 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1068 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1068 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1068 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1068 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1068 7 7382 7382 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1068 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1068 9 0446 0446 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1068 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1068 11 8 8 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1068 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1069 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1069 2 Bailey Bailey NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1069 3 2001 2001 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1069 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1070 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1070 2 Green Green NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1070 3 2002 2002 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1070 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1071 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1071 2 Patrick Patrick NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1071 3 2006b 2006b CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1071 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1072 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1072 2 Eagleson Eagleson NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1072 3 1982 1982 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1072 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1073 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1073 2 Trudgill Trudgill NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1073 3 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 1073 4 Hannah Hannah NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1073 5 2002 2002 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1073 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 1073 7 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1073 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1074 1 16–21 16–21 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1074 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1075 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1075 2 Burridge Burridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1075 3 2010 2010 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1075 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1076 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1076 2 Trudgill Trudgill NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1076 3 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 1076 4 Hannah Hannah NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1076 5 2002 2002 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1076 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 1076 7 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1076 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1077 1 24–26 24–26 LS en-wikipedia-org-1664 1077 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1078 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1078 2 Maclagan Maclagan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1078 3 2010 2010 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1078 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1079 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1079 2 Gordon Gordon NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1079 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 1079 4 Campbell Campbell NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1079 5 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 1079 6 Hay Hay NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1079 7 et et NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1079 8 al al NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1079 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1080 1 2004 2004 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1080 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1081 1 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-1664 1081 2 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1664 1081 3 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 1081 4 Roles Roles NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1664 1081 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1081 6 Singapore Singapore NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1081 7 Standard Standard NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1081 8 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1081 9 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 1081 10 Singlish Singlish NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1081 11 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1664 1081 12 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1081 13 PDF PDF NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1081 14 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1081 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1082 1 Archived archived JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 1082 2 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1082 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 1082 4 original original JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 1082 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1082 6 PDF PDF NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1082 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1082 8 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1082 9 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1082 10 June June NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1082 11 2013 2013 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1082 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1083 1 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-1664 1083 2 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1664 1083 3 What what WP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1083 4 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1083 5 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 1083 6 commonly commonly RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 1083 7 misspelled misspell VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1083 8 English english JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 1083 9 words word NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 1083 10 ? ? . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1083 11 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1664 1083 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1084 1 National National NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1084 2 Library Library NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1084 3 Board Board NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1084 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 1084 5 Singapore Singapore NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1084 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1085 1 18 18 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1085 2 April April NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1085 3 2008 2008 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1085 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1086 1 Archived archived JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 1086 2 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1086 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 1086 4 original original NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1086 5 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1086 6 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1086 7 March March NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1086 8 2012 2012 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1086 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1087 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1087 2 7 7 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1087 3 June June NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1087 4 2013 2013 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1087 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1088 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1088 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 1088 3 b b NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1088 4 Mercer Mercer NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1088 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 1088 6 Neil Neil NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1088 7 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1664 1088 8 Maybin Maybin NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1088 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 1088 10 Janet Janet NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1088 11 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1088 12 1996 1996 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1088 13 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1088 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1089 1 Using use VBG en-wikipedia-org-1664 1089 2 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1089 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1664 1089 4 From from IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1089 5 Conversation Conversation NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1089 6 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1089 7 Canon Canon NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1089 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1090 1 United United NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1090 2 Kingdom Kingdom NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1090 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1664 1090 4 Routledge Routledge NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1090 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1091 1 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1091 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1091 3 229 229 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1091 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1092 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1092 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1092 3 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1092 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1092 5 415 415 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1092 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1092 7 13120 13120 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1092 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1092 9 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1092 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1093 1 Another another DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 1093 2 interesting interesting JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 1093 3 feature feature NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1093 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1093 5 Lee Lee NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1093 6 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-1664 1093 7 songs song NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 1093 8 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 1093 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 1093 10 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1093 11 nonstandard nonstandard NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1093 12 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1093 13 pronunciation pronunciation NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1093 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1093 15 Singapore Singapore NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1093 16 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1093 17 speakers speaker NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 1093 18 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1093 19 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1093 20 ... ... NFP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1093 21 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1093 22 playful playful JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 1093 23 use use NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1093 24 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1093 25 features feature NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 1093 26 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1093 27 Singaporean Singaporean NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1093 28 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1093 29 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-1664 1093 30 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1093 31 strong strong JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 1093 32 cultural cultural JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 1093 33 connotations connotation NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 1093 34 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 1093 35 Dick Dick NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1093 36 Lee Lee NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1093 37 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 1093 38 successfully successfully RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 1093 39 able able JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 1093 40 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1093 41 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1093 42 ... ... NFP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1093 43 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1093 44 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1093 45 Deterding Deterding NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1093 46 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 1093 47 David David NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1093 48 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1093 49 2007 2007 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1093 50 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1093 51 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1094 1 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1094 2 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1094 3 Singapore Singapore NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1094 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1664 1094 5 Varieties variety NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 1094 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 1094 7 literacies literacy NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 1094 8 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 1094 9 literatures literature NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 1094 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1095 1 Newcastle Newcastle NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1095 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1664 1095 3 Cambridge Cambridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1095 4 Scholars Scholars NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1095 5 Publishing Publishing NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1095 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1096 1 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1096 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1096 3 11 11 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1096 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1097 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1097 2 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1097 3 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1097 4 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1097 5 Archived Archived NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1097 6 30 30 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1097 7 March March NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1097 8 2012 2012 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1097 9 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1097 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 1097 11 Wayback Wayback NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1097 12 Machine Machine NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1097 13 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1097 14 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1664 1097 15 Singlish Singlish NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1097 16 Guide Guide NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1097 17 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1664 1097 18 125 125 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1097 19 Phrases Phrases NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1664 1097 20 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-1664 1097 21 Words word NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 1097 22 That that WDT en-wikipedia-org-1664 1097 23 Define Define NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1097 24 SG SG NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1097 25 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1097 26 Singaporean Singaporean NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1097 27 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1097 28 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1097 29 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1664 1097 30 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1098 1 guidesify.com guidesify.com ADD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1098 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1099 1 Retrieved retrieve VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1099 2 11 11 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1099 3 September September NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1099 4 2018 2018 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1099 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1100 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1100 2 Lanham Lanham NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1100 3 1982 1982 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1100 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1101 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1101 2 Lass Lass NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1101 3 2002 2002 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1101 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1102 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1102 2 Trudgill Trudgill NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1102 3 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 1102 4 Hannah Hannah NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1102 5 2002 2002 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1102 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 1102 7 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1102 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1103 1 30–31 30–31 JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 1103 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1104 1 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-1664 1104 2 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1664 1104 3 Nigerian Nigerian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1104 4 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1104 5 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1664 1104 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1105 1 Encarta Encarta NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1105 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1106 1 Microsoft Microsoft NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1106 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1107 1 Archived archived JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 1107 2 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1107 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 1107 4 original original NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1107 5 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1107 6 9 9 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1107 7 September September NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1107 8 2010 2010 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1107 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1108 1 Retrieved retrieve VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1108 2 17 17 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1108 3 July July NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1108 4 2012 2012 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1108 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1109 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1109 2 Adegbija Adegbija NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1109 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 1109 4 Efurosibina Efurosibina NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1109 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1109 6 1989 1989 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1109 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1109 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1110 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1664 1110 2 Lexico Lexico NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1110 3 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1110 4 semantic semantic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 1110 5 variation variation NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1110 6 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1110 7 Nigerian Nigerian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1110 8 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1110 9 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1664 1110 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1111 1 World World NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1111 2 Englishes Englishes NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1111 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1112 1 8 8 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1112 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1112 3 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1112 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1112 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1664 1112 6 165–177 165–177 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1112 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1113 1 doi:10.1111 doi:10.1111 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1113 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-1664 1113 3 j.1467 j.1467 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1113 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1113 5 971X.1989.tb00652.x 971X.1989.tb00652.x NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1113 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1114 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1114 2 Lawton Lawton NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1114 3 1982 1982 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1114 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1115 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1115 2 Trudgill Trudgill NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1115 3 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 1115 4 Hannah Hannah NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1115 5 2002 2002 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1115 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 1115 7 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1115 8   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1115 9 115 115 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1115 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1116 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1116 2 Trudgill Trudgill NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1116 3 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 1116 4 Hannah Hannah NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1116 5 2002 2002 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1116 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 1116 7 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1116 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1117 1 117–18 117–18 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1117 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1118 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1118 2 Lawton Lawton NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1118 3 1982 1982 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1118 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 1118 5 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1118 6   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1118 7 256–60 256–60 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1118 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1119 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1119 2 Trudgill Trudgill NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1119 3 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 1119 4 Hannah Hannah NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1119 5 2002 2002 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1119 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 1119 7 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1119 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1120 1 115–16 115–16 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1120 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1121 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1121 2 Sailaja Sailaja NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1121 3 2009 2009 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1121 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 1121 5 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1121 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1122 1 19–24 19–24 LS en-wikipedia-org-1664 1122 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1123 1 Bibliography Bibliography NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1123 2 Aarts Aarts NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1123 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 1123 4 Bas Bas NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1123 5 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1664 1123 6 Haegeman Haegeman NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1123 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 1123 8 Liliane Liliane NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1123 9 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1123 10 2006 2006 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1123 11 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1123 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1124 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1664 1124 2 6 6 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1124 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1125 1 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1125 2 Word Word NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1125 3 classes class NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 1125 4 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 1125 5 Phrases Phrases NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1664 1125 6 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1664 1125 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1126 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1126 2 Aarts Aarts NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1126 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 1126 4 Bas Bas NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1126 5 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1664 1126 6 McMahon McMahon NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1126 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 1126 8 April April NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1126 9 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1126 10 eds eds NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1126 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1126 12 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1126 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1127 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 1127 2 Handbook Handbook NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1127 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1127 4 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1127 5 Linguistics Linguistics NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1127 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1128 1 Blackwell Blackwell NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1128 2 Publishing Publishing NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1128 3 Ltd. Ltd. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1128 4 Abercrombie Abercrombie NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1128 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 1128 6 D. D. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1128 7 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1664 1128 8 Daniels Daniels NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1128 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 1128 10 Peter Peter NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1128 11 T. T. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1128 12 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1128 13 2006 2006 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1128 14 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1128 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1129 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1664 1129 2 Spelling Spelling NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1129 3 Reform Reform NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1129 4 Proposals Proposals NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1129 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1664 1129 6 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1129 7 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1664 1129 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1130 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1130 2 Brown Brown NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1130 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 1130 4 Keith Keith NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1130 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1130 6 ed ed NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1130 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1130 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1130 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1131 1 Encyclopedia Encyclopedia NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 1131 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1131 3 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1131 4 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 1131 5 linguistics linguistics NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1131 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1132 1 Elsevier Elsevier NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1132 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1133 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1133 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1134 1 72–75 72–75 LS en-wikipedia-org-1664 1134 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1135 1 doi:10.1016 doi:10.1016 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1135 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-1664 1135 3 B0 B0 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1135 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1135 5 08 08 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1135 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1135 7 044854 044854 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1135 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1135 9 2/04878 2/04878 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1135 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1135 11 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1135 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1136 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1136 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1136 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1136 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1136 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1136 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1136 7 08 08 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1136 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1136 9 044299 044299 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1136 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1136 11 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1136 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1137 1 Lay Lay NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1137 2 summary summary NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1137 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1137 4 6 6 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1137 5 February February NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1137 6 2015 2015 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1137 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1137 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1138 1 – – : en-wikipedia-org-1664 1138 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1138 3 via via IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1138 4 ScienceDirect ScienceDirect NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1138 5   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1138 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1138 7 Subscription subscription NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1138 8 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1138 9 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 1138 10 required require VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1138 11 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 1138 12 content content NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1138 13 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1138 14 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 1138 15 available available JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 1138 16 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1138 17 libraries library NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 1138 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1138 19 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1139 1 Aitken aitken JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 1139 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 1139 3 A. a. NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1139 4 J. J. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1139 5 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1664 1139 6 McArthur McArthur NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1139 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 1139 8 Tom Tom NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1139 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 1139 10 eds eds XX en-wikipedia-org-1664 1139 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1140 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1140 2 1979 1979 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1140 3 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1140 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1141 1 Languages Languages NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1141 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1141 3 Scotland Scotland NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1141 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1142 1 Occasional occasional JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 1142 2 paper paper NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1142 3 – – : en-wikipedia-org-1664 1142 4 Association Association NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1142 5 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1142 6 Scottish Scottish NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1142 7 Literary Literary NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1142 8 Studies Studies NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1664 1142 9 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1664 1142 10 no no UH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1142 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1143 1 4 4 LS en-wikipedia-org-1664 1143 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1144 1 Edinburgh Edinburgh NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1144 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1664 1144 3 Chambers chamber NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 1144 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1145 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1145 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1145 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1145 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1145 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1145 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1145 7 550 550 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1145 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1145 9 20261 20261 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1145 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1145 11 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1145 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1146 1 Alcaraz Alcaraz NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1146 2 Ariza Ariza NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1146 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 1146 4 M. M. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1146 5 Á. Á. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1146 6 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1664 1146 7 Navarro Navarro NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1146 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 1146 9 F. F. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1146 10 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1146 11 2006 2006 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1146 12 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1146 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1147 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1664 1147 2 Medicine medicine NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1147 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1664 1147 4 Use Use NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1147 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1147 6 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1147 7 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1664 1147 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1148 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1148 2 Brown Brown NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1148 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 1148 4 Keith Keith NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1148 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1148 6 ed ed NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1148 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1148 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1148 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1149 1 Encyclopedia Encyclopedia NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 1149 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1149 3 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1149 4 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 1149 5 linguistics linguistics NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1149 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1150 1 Elsevier Elsevier NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1150 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1151 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1151 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1152 1 752–759 752–759 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1152 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1153 1 doi:10.1016 doi:10.1016 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1153 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-1664 1153 3 B0 B0 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1153 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1153 5 08 08 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1153 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1153 7 044854 044854 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1153 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1153 9 2/02351 2/02351 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1153 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1153 11 8 8 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1153 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1154 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1154 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1154 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1154 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1154 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1154 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1154 7 08 08 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1154 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1154 9 044299 044299 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1154 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1154 11 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1154 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1155 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1155 2 6 6 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1155 3 February February NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1155 4 2015 2015 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1155 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1156 1 Lay Lay NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1156 2 summary summary NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1156 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1156 4 6 6 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1156 5 February February NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1156 6 2015 2015 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1156 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1156 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1157 1 – – : en-wikipedia-org-1664 1157 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1157 3 via via IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1157 4 ScienceDirect ScienceDirect NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1157 5   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1157 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1157 7 Subscription subscription NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1157 8 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1157 9 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 1157 10 required require VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1157 11 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 1157 12 content content NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1157 13 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1157 14 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 1157 15 available available JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 1157 16 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1157 17 libraries library NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 1157 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1157 19 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1158 1 Algeo Algeo NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1158 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 1158 3 John John NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1158 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1158 5 1999 1999 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1158 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1158 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1159 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1664 1159 2 Chapter chapter NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1159 3 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1159 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1664 1159 5 Vocabulary vocabulary NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1159 6 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1664 1159 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1160 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1160 2 Romaine Romaine NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1160 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 1160 4 Suzanne Suzanne NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1160 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1160 6 ed ed NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1160 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1160 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1160 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1161 1 Cambridge Cambridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1161 2 History History NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1161 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1161 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 1161 5 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1161 6 Language Language NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1161 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1162 1 IV IV NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1162 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1664 1162 3 1776–1997 1776–1997 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1162 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1163 1 Cambridge Cambridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1163 2 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1163 3 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1163 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1164 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1164 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1165 1 57–91 57–91 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1165 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1166 1 doi:10.1017 doi:10.1017 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1166 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-1664 1166 3 CHOL9780521264778.003 CHOL9780521264778.003 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1166 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1167 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1167 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1167 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1167 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1167 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1167 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1167 7 521 521 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1167 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1167 9 26477 26477 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1167 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1167 11 8 8 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1167 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1168 1 Ammon Ammon NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1168 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 1168 3 Ulrich Ulrich NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1168 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1168 5 November November NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1168 6 2006 2006 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1168 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1168 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1169 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1664 1169 2 Language language NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1169 3 Conflicts Conflicts NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1664 1169 4 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1169 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 1169 6 European European NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1169 7 Union Union NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1169 8 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1664 1169 9 On on IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1169 10 finding find VBG en-wikipedia-org-1664 1169 11 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 1169 12 politically politically RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 1169 13 acceptable acceptable JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 1169 14 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 1169 15 practicable practicable JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 1169 16 solution solution NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1169 17 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1169 18 EU EU NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1169 19 institutions institution NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 1169 20 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1169 21 satisfies satisfie NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 1169 22 diverging diverge VBG en-wikipedia-org-1664 1169 23 interests interest NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 1169 24 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1664 1169 25 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1170 1 International International NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1170 2 Journal Journal NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1170 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1170 4 Applied Applied NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1170 5 Linguistics Linguistics NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1170 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1171 1 16 16 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1171 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1171 3 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1171 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1171 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1664 1171 6 319–338 319–338 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1171 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1172 1 doi:10.1111 doi:10.1111 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1172 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-1664 1172 3 j.1473 j.1473 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1172 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1172 5 4192.2006.00121.x 4192.2006.00121.x NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1172 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1173 1 S2CID S2CID NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 1173 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1173 3 142692741 142692741 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1173 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1174 1 Ammon Ammon NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1174 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 1174 3 Ulrich Ulrich NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1174 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1174 5 2008 2008 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1174 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1174 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1175 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1664 1175 2 Pluricentric pluricentric JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 1175 3 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 1175 4 Divided Divided NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1175 5 Languages Languages NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1175 6 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1664 1175 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1176 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1176 2 Ammon Ammon NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1176 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 1176 4 Ulrich Ulrich NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1176 5 N. N. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1176 6 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1664 1176 7 Dittmar Dittmar NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1176 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 1176 9 Norbert Norbert NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1176 10 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1664 1176 11 Mattheier Mattheier NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1176 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 1176 13 Klaus Klaus NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1176 14 J. J. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1176 15 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1664 1176 16 et et NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1176 17   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1176 18 al al NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1176 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1177 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1177 2 eds eds NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1177 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1177 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1177 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1178 1 Sociolinguistics sociolinguistic NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 1178 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1664 1178 3 An an DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 1178 4 International International NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1178 5 Handbook Handbook NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1178 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1178 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 1178 8 Science Science NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1178 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1178 10 Language Language NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1178 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 1178 12 Society Society NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1178 13 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-1664 1178 14 Soziolinguistik Soziolinguistik NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1178 15 Ein Ein NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1178 16 internationales internationale VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 1178 17 Handbuch Handbuch NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1178 18 zur zur NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1178 19 Wissenschaft Wissenschaft NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1178 20 vov vov IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1178 21 Sprache Sprache NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1178 22 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 1178 23 Gesellschaft Gesellschaft NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1178 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1179 1 Handbooks handbook NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 1179 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1179 3 Linguistics Linguistics NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1179 4 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 1179 5 Communication Communication NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1179 6 Science Science NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1179 7 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-1664 1179 8 Handbücher Handbücher NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1179 9 zur zur NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1179 10 Sprach- Sprach- NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1179 11 und und JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 1179 12 Kommunikationswissenschaft Kommunikationswissenschaft NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1179 13 3/2 3/2 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1179 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1180 1 2 2 LS en-wikipedia-org-1664 1180 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1180 3 2nd 2nd NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1180 4 completely completely RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 1180 5 revised revised JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 1180 6 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 1180 7 extended extended JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 1180 8   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1180 9 ed ed NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1180 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1180 11 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1180 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1181 1 de de NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1181 2 Gruyter Gruyter NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1181 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1182 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1182 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1182 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1182 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1182 5 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1182 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1182 7 11 11 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1182 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1182 9 019425 019425 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1182 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1182 11 8 8 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1182 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1183 1 Annamalai Annamalai NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1183 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 1183 3 E. E. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1183 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1183 5 2006 2006 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1183 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1183 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1184 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1664 1184 2 India India NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1184 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1664 1184 4 Language Language NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1184 5 Situation Situation NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1184 6 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1664 1184 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1185 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1185 2 Brown Brown NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1185 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 1185 4 Keith Keith NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1185 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1185 6 ed ed NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1185 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1185 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1185 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1186 1 Encyclopedia Encyclopedia NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 1186 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1186 3 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1186 4 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 1186 5 linguistics linguistics NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1186 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1187 1 Elsevier Elsevier NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1187 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1188 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1188 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1189 1 610–613 610–613 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1189 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1190 1 doi:10.1016 doi:10.1016 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1190 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-1664 1190 3 B0 B0 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1190 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1190 5 08 08 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1190 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1190 7 044854 044854 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1190 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1190 9 2/04611 2/04611 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1190 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1190 11 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1190 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1191 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1191 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1191 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1191 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1191 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1191 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1191 7 08 08 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1191 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1191 9 044299 044299 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1191 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1191 11 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1191 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1192 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1192 2 6 6 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1192 3 February February NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1192 4 2015 2015 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1192 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1193 1 Lay Lay NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1193 2 summary summary NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1193 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1193 4 6 6 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1193 5 February February NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1193 6 2015 2015 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1193 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1193 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1194 1 – – : en-wikipedia-org-1664 1194 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1194 3 via via IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1194 4 ScienceDirect ScienceDirect NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1194 5   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1194 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1194 7 Subscription subscription NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1194 8 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1194 9 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 1194 10 required require VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1194 11 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 1194 12 content content NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1194 13 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1194 14 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 1194 15 available available JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 1194 16 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1194 17 libraries library NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 1194 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1194 19 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1195 1 Australian Australian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1195 2 Bureau Bureau NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1195 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1195 4 Statistics Statistics NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1664 1195 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1195 6 28 28 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1195 7 March March NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1195 8 2013 2013 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1195 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1195 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1196 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1664 1196 2 2011 2011 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1196 3 Census Census NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1196 4 QuickStats QuickStats NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1196 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1664 1196 6 Australia Australia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1196 7 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1664 1196 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1197 1 Archived archived JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 1197 2 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1197 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 1197 4 original original NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1197 5 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1197 6 6 6 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1197 7 November November NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1197 8 2015 2015 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1197 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1198 1 Retrieved retrieve VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1198 2 25 25 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1198 3 March March NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1198 4 2015 2015 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1198 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1199 1 Bailey Bailey NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1199 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 1199 3 Guy Guy NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1199 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1199 5 2001 2001 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1199 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1199 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1200 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1664 1200 2 Chapter chapter NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1200 3 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1200 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1664 1200 5 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 1200 6 relationship relationship NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1200 7 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1200 8 African African NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1200 9 American American NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1200 10 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 1200 11 White White NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1200 12 Vernaculars Vernaculars NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1200 13 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1664 1200 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1201 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1201 2 Lanehart Lanehart NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1201 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 1201 4 Sonja Sonja NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1201 5 L. L. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1202 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1202 2 ed ed NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1202 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1202 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1202 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1203 1 Sociocultural sociocultural JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 1203 2 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 1203 3 historical historical JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 1203 4 contexts contexts NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1203 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1203 6 African african JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 1203 7 American American NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1203 8 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1203 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1204 1 Varieties variety NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 1204 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1204 3 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1204 4 around around IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1204 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 1204 6 World World NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1204 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1205 1 John John NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1205 2 Benjamins Benjamins NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1205 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1206 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1206 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1207 1 53–84 53–84 LS en-wikipedia-org-1664 1207 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1208 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1208 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1208 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1208 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1208 5 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1208 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1208 7 58811 58811 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1208 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1208 9 046 046 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1208 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1208 11 6 6 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1208 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1209 1 Bailey Bailey NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1209 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 1209 3 G. G. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1209 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1209 5 1997 1997 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1209 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1209 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1210 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1664 1210 2 When when WRB en-wikipedia-org-1664 1210 3 did do VBD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1210 4 southern southern JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 1210 5 American American NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1210 6 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1210 7 begin begin VBP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1210 8 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1664 1210 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1211 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1211 2 Edgar Edgar NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1211 3 W. W. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1211 4 Schneider Schneider NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1211 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1211 6 ed ed NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1211 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1211 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1211 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1212 1 Englishes english NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 1212 2 around around IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1212 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 1212 4 world world NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1212 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1213 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1213 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1214 1 255–275 255–275 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1214 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1215 1 Bammesberger Bammesberger NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1215 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 1215 3 Alfred Alfred NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1215 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1215 5 1992 1992 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1215 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1215 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1216 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1664 1216 2 Chapter chapter NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1216 3 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1216 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1664 1216 5 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 1216 6 Place Place NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1216 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1216 8 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1216 9 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1216 10 Germanic Germanic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1216 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 1216 12 Indo Indo NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1216 13 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1216 14 European European NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1216 15 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1664 1216 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1217 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1217 2 Hogg Hogg NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1217 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 1217 4 Richard Richard NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1217 5 M. M. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1218 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1218 2 ed ed NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1218 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1218 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1218 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1219 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 1219 2 Cambridge Cambridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1219 3 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1219 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1219 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 1219 6 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1219 7 Language Language NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1219 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1220 1 1 1 LS en-wikipedia-org-1664 1220 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1664 1220 3 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 1220 4 Beginnings Beginnings NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1664 1220 5 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1220 6 1066 1066 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1220 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1221 1 Cambridge Cambridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1221 2 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1221 3 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1221 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1222 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1222 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1223 1 26–66 26–66 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1223 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1224 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1224 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1224 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1224 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1224 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1224 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1224 7 521 521 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1224 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1224 9 26474 26474 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1224 10 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-1664 1224 11 7 7 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1224 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1225 1 Bao Bao NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1225 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 1225 3 Z. Z. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1226 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1226 2 2006 2006 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1226 3 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1226 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1227 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1664 1227 2 Variation variation NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1227 3 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1227 4 Nonnative Nonnative NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1227 5 Varieties Varieties NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1227 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1227 7 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1227 8 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1664 1227 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1228 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1228 2 Brown Brown NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1228 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 1228 4 Keith Keith NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1228 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1228 6 ed ed NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1228 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1228 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1228 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1229 1 Encyclopedia Encyclopedia NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 1229 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1229 3 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1229 4 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 1229 5 linguistics linguistics NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1229 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1230 1 Elsevier Elsevier NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1230 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1231 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1231 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1232 1 377–380 377–380 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1232 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1233 1 doi:10.1016 doi:10.1016 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1233 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-1664 1233 3 B0 B0 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1233 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1233 5 08 08 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1233 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1233 7 044854 044854 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1233 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1233 9 2/04257 2/04257 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1233 10 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-1664 1233 11 7 7 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1233 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1234 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1234 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1234 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1234 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1234 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1234 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1234 7 08 08 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1234 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1234 9 044299 044299 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1234 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1234 11 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1234 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1235 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1235 2 6 6 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1235 3 February February NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1235 4 2015 2015 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1235 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1236 1 Lay Lay NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1236 2 summary summary NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1236 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1236 4 6 6 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1236 5 February February NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1236 6 2015 2015 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1236 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1236 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1237 1 – – : en-wikipedia-org-1664 1237 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1237 3 via via IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1237 4 ScienceDirect ScienceDirect NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1237 5   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1237 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1237 7 Subscription subscription NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1237 8 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1237 9 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 1237 10 required require VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1237 11 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 1237 12 content content NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1237 13 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1237 14 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 1237 15 available available JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 1237 16 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1237 17 libraries library NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 1237 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1237 19 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1238 1 Barry Barry NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1238 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 1238 3 Michael Michael NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1238 4 V. V. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1238 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1238 6 1982 1982 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1238 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1238 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1239 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1664 1239 2 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1239 3 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1239 4 Ireland Ireland NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1239 5 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1664 1239 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1240 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1240 2 Bailey Bailey NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1240 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 1240 4 Richard Richard NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1240 5 W. W. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1240 6 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1664 1240 7 Görlach Görlach NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1240 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 1240 9 Manfred Manfred NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1240 10 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1240 11 eds eds NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1240 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1240 13 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1240 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1241 1 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1241 2 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1241 3 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 1241 4 World World NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1241 5 Language Language NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1241 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1242 1 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1242 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1242 3 Michigan Michigan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1242 4 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1242 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1243 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1243 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1244 1 84–134 84–134 UH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1244 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1245 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1245 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1245 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1245 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1245 5 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1245 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1245 7 12 12 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1245 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1245 9 533872 533872 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1245 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1245 11 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1245 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1246 1 Bauer Bauer NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1246 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 1246 3 Laurie Laurie NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1246 4 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1664 1246 5 Huddleston Huddleston NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1246 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 1246 7 Rodney Rodney NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1246 8 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1246 9 15 15 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1246 10 April April NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1246 11 2002 2002 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1246 12 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1246 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1247 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1664 1247 2 Chapter chapter NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1247 3 19 19 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1247 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1664 1247 5 Lexical Lexical NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1247 6 Word Word NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1247 7 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1247 8 Formation Formation NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1247 9 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1664 1247 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1248 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1248 2 Huddleston Huddleston NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1248 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 1248 4 Rodney Rodney NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1248 5 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1664 1248 6 Pullum Pullum NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1248 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 1248 8 Geoffrey Geoffrey NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1248 9 K. K. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1249 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1249 2 eds eds NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1249 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1249 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1249 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1250 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 1250 2 Cambridge Cambridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1250 3 Grammar Grammar NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1250 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1250 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 1250 6 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1250 7 Language Language NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1250 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1251 1 Cambridge Cambridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1251 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1664 1251 3 Cambridge Cambridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1251 4 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1251 5 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1251 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1252 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1252 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1253 1 1621–1721 1621–1721 ADD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1253 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1254 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1254 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1254 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1254 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1254 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1254 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1254 7 521 521 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1254 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1254 9 43146 43146 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1254 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1254 11 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1254 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1255 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1255 2 10 10 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1255 3 February February NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1255 4 2015 2015 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1255 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1256 1 Lay Lay NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1256 2 summary summary NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1256 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1256 4 PDF PDF NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1256 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1256 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1256 7 10 10 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1256 8 February February NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1256 9 2015 2015 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1256 10 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1256 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1257 1 Baugh Baugh NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1257 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 1257 3 Albert Albert NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1257 4 C. C. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1257 5 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1664 1257 6 Cable Cable NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1257 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 1257 8 Thomas Thomas NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1257 9 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1257 10 2002 2002 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1257 11 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1257 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1258 1 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 1258 2 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1258 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1258 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 1258 5 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1258 6 Language Language NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1258 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1258 8 5th 5th JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 1258 9   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1258 10 ed ed NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1258 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1258 12 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1258 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1259 1 Longman Longman NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1259 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1260 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1260 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1260 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1260 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1260 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1260 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1260 7 13 13 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1260 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1260 9 015166 015166 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1260 10 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-1664 1260 11 7 7 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1260 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1261 1 Bermúdez Bermúdez NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1261 2 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1261 3 Otero Otero NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1261 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 1261 5 Ricardo Ricardo NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1261 6 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1664 1261 7 McMahon McMahon NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1261 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 1261 9 April April NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1261 10 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1261 11 2006 2006 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1261 12 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1261 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1262 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1664 1262 2 Chapter chapter NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1262 3 17 17 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1262 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1664 1262 5 English english JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 1262 6 phonology phonology NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1262 7 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 1262 8 morphology morphology NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1262 9 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1664 1262 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1263 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1263 2 Bas Bas NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1263 3 Aarts Aarts NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1263 4 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1664 1263 5 April April NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1263 6 McMahon McMahon NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1263 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1263 8 eds eds NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1263 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1263 10 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1263 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1264 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 1264 2 Handbook Handbook NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1264 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1264 4 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1264 5 Linguistics Linguistics NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1264 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1265 1 Oxford Oxford NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1265 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1664 1265 3 Blackwell Blackwell NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1265 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1266 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1266 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1267 1 382–410 382–410 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1267 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1268 1 doi:10.1111 doi:10.1111 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1268 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-1664 1268 3 b.9781405113823.2006.00018.x b.9781405113823.2006.00018.x NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1268 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1269 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1269 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1269 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1269 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1269 5 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1269 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1269 7 4051 4051 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1269 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1269 9 6425 6425 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1269 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1269 11 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1269 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1270 1 Archived archived JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 1270 2 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1270 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 1270 4 original original NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1270 5 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1270 6 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1270 7 April April NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1270 8 2017 2017 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1270 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1271 1 Retrieved retrieve VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1271 2 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1271 3 April April NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1271 4 2015 2015 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1271 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1272 1 Blench Blench NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1272 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 1272 3 R. R. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1272 4 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1664 1272 5 Spriggs Spriggs NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1272 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 1272 7 Matthew Matthew NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1272 8 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1272 9 1999 1999 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1272 10 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1272 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1273 1 Archaeology archaeology NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1273 2 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 1273 3 Language language NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1273 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1664 1273 5 Correlating correlate VBG en-wikipedia-org-1664 1273 6 Archaeological Archaeological NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1273 7 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 1273 8 Linguistic Linguistic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1273 9 Hypotheses Hypotheses NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1664 1273 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1274 1 Routledge Routledge NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1274 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1275 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1275 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1276 1 285–286 285–286 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1276 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1277 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1277 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1277 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1277 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1277 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1277 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1277 7 415 415 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1277 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1277 9 11761 11761 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1277 10 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-1664 1277 11 6 6 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1277 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1278 1 Boberg Boberg NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1278 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 1278 3 Charles Charles NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1278 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1278 5 2010 2010 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1278 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1278 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1279 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 1279 2 English english JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 1279 3 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1279 4 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1279 5 Canada Canada NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1279 6 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1664 1279 7 Status Status NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1279 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 1279 9 history history NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1279 10 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 1279 11 comparative comparative JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 1279 12 analysis analysis NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1279 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1280 1 Studies study NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 1280 2 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1280 3 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1280 4 Language Language NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1280 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1281 1 Cambridge Cambridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1281 2 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1281 3 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1281 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1282 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1282 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1282 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1282 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1282 5 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1282 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1282 7 139 139 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1282 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1282 9 49144 49144 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1282 10 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-1664 1282 11 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1282 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1283 1 Lay Lay NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1283 2 summary summary NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1283 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1283 4 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1283 5 April April NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1283 6 2015 2015 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1283 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1283 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1284 1 Bosworth Bosworth NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1284 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 1284 3 Joseph Joseph NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1284 4 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1664 1284 5 Toller Toller NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1284 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 1284 7 T. T. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1284 8 Northcote Northcote NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1284 9 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1284 10 1921 1921 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1284 11 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1284 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1285 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1664 1285 2 Engla Engla NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1285 3 land land NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1285 4 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1664 1285 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1286 1 An an DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 1286 2 Anglo Anglo NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1286 3 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1286 4 Saxon Saxon NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1286 5 Dictionary Dictionary NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1286 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1286 7 Online Online NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1286 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1286 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1287 1 Charles Charles NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1287 2 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1287 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1288 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1288 2 6 6 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1288 3 March March NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1288 4 2015 2015 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1288 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1289 1 Brinton Brinton NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1289 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 1289 3 Laurel Laurel NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1289 4 J. J. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1289 5 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1664 1289 6 Brinton Brinton NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1289 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 1289 8 Donna Donna NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1289 9 M. M. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1289 10 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1289 11 2010 2010 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1289 12 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1289 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1290 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 1290 2 linguistic linguistic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 1290 3 structure structure NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1290 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1290 5 modern modern JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 1290 6 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1290 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1291 1 John John NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1291 2 Benjamins Benjamins NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1291 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1292 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1292 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1292 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1292 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1292 5 90 90 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1292 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1292 7 272 272 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1292 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1292 9 8824 8824 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1292 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1292 11 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1292 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1293 1 Retrieved retrieve VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1293 2 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1293 3 April April NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1293 4 2015 2015 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1293 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1294 1 Brutt Brutt NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1294 2 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1294 3 Griffler Griffler NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1294 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 1294 5 J. J. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1295 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1295 2 2006 2006 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1295 3 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1295 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1296 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1664 1296 2 Languages language NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 1296 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1296 4 Wider Wider NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1296 5 Communication Communication NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1296 6 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1664 1296 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1297 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1297 2 Brown Brown NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1297 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 1297 4 Keith Keith NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1297 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1297 6 ed ed NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1297 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1297 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1297 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1298 1 Encyclopedia Encyclopedia NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 1298 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1298 3 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1298 4 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 1298 5 linguistics linguistics NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1298 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1299 1 Elsevier Elsevier NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1299 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1300 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1300 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1301 1 690–697 690–697 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1301 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1302 1 doi:10.1016 doi:10.1016 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1302 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-1664 1302 3 B0 B0 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1302 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1302 5 08 08 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1302 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1302 7 044854 044854 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1302 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1302 9 2/00644 2/00644 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1302 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1302 11 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1302 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1303 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1303 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1303 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1303 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1303 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1303 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1303 7 08 08 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1303 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1303 9 044299 044299 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1303 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1303 11 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1303 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1304 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1304 2 6 6 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1304 3 February February NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1304 4 2015 2015 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1304 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1305 1 Lay Lay NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1305 2 summary summary NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1305 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1305 4 6 6 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1305 5 February February NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1305 6 2015 2015 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1305 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1305 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1306 1 – – : en-wikipedia-org-1664 1306 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1306 3 via via IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1306 4 ScienceDirect ScienceDirect NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1306 5   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1306 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1306 7 Subscription subscription NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1306 8 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1306 9 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 1306 10 required require VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1306 11 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 1306 12 content content NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1306 13 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1306 14 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 1306 15 available available JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 1306 16 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1306 17 libraries library NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 1306 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1306 19 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1307 1 Burridge Burridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1307 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 1307 3 Kate Kate NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1307 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1307 5 2010 2010 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1307 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1307 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1308 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1664 1308 2 Chapter chapter NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1308 3 7 7 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1308 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1664 1308 5 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1308 6 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1308 7 Australia Australia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1308 8 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1664 1308 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1309 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1309 2 Kirkpatrick Kirkpatrick NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1309 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 1309 4 Andy Andy NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1309 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1309 6 ed ed NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1309 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1309 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1309 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1310 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 1310 2 Routledge Routledge NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1310 3 handbook handbook NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1310 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1310 5 world world NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1310 6 Englishes Englishes NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1310 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1311 1 Routledge Routledge NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1311 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1312 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1312 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1313 1 132–151 132–151 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1313 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1314 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1314 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1314 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1314 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1314 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1314 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1314 7 415 415 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1314 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1314 9 62264 62264 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1314 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1314 11 6 6 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1314 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1315 1 Lay Lay NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1315 2 summary summary NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1315 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1315 4 29 29 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1315 5 March March NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1315 6 2015 2015 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1315 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1315 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1316 1 Campbell Campbell NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1316 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 1316 3 Alistair Alistair NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1316 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1316 5 1959 1959 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1316 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1316 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1317 1 Old old JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 1317 2 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1317 3 Grammar Grammar NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1317 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1318 1 Oxford oxford NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1318 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1664 1318 3 Oxford Oxford NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1318 4 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1318 5 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1318 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1319 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1319 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1319 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1319 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1319 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1319 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1319 7 19 19 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1319 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1319 9 811943 811943 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1319 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1319 11 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1319 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1320 1 Carr Carr NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1320 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 1320 3 Philip Philip NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1320 4 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1664 1320 5 Honeybone Honeybone NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1320 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 1320 7 Patrick Patrick NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1320 8 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1320 9 2007 2007 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1320 10 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1320 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1321 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1664 1321 2 English english JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 1321 3 phonology phonology NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1321 4 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 1321 5 linguistic linguistic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 1321 6 theory theory NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1321 7 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1664 1321 8 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 1321 9 introduction introduction NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1321 10 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1321 11 issues issue NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 1321 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 1321 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 1321 14 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1321 15 ' ' `` en-wikipedia-org-1664 1321 16 Issues Issues NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1664 1321 17 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1321 18 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1321 19 Phonology Phonology NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1321 20 ' ' '' en-wikipedia-org-1664 1321 21 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1664 1321 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1322 1 Language Language NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1322 2 Sciences Sciences NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1664 1322 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1323 1 29 29 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1323 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1323 3 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1323 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1323 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1664 1323 6 117–153 117–153 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1323 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1324 1 doi:10.1016 doi:10.1016 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1324 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-1664 1324 3 j.langsci.2006.12.018 j.langsci.2006.12.018 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1324 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1325 1 – – : en-wikipedia-org-1664 1325 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1325 3 via via IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1325 4 ScienceDirect ScienceDirect NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1325 5   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1325 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1325 7 Subscription subscription NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1325 8 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1325 9 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 1325 10 required require VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1325 11 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 1325 12 content content NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1325 13 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1325 14 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 1325 15 available available JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 1325 16 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1325 17 libraries library NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 1325 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1325 19 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1326 1 Cassidy cassidy NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1326 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 1326 3 Frederic Frederic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1326 4 G. G. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1326 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1326 6 1982 1982 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1326 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1326 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1327 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1664 1327 2 Geographical Geographical NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1327 3 Variation Variation NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1327 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1327 5 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1327 6 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1327 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 1327 8 United United NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1327 9 States States NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1327 10 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1664 1327 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1328 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1328 2 Bailey Bailey NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1328 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 1328 4 Richard Richard NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1328 5 W. W. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1328 6 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1664 1328 7 Görlach Görlach NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1328 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 1328 9 Manfred Manfred NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1328 10 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1328 11 eds eds NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1328 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1328 13 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1328 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1329 1 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1329 2 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1329 3 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 1329 4 World World NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1329 5 Language Language NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1329 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1330 1 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1330 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1330 3 Michigan Michigan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1330 4 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1330 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1331 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1331 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1332 1 177–210 177–210 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1332 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1333 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1333 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1333 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1333 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1333 5 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1333 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1333 7 12 12 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1333 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1333 9 533872 533872 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1333 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1333 11 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1333 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1334 1 Cercignani Cercignani NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1334 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 1334 3 Fausto Fausto NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1334 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1334 5 1981 1981 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1334 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1334 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1335 1 Shakespeare Shakespeare NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1335 2 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-1664 1335 3 works work NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 1335 4 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 1335 5 Elizabethan Elizabethan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1335 6 pronunciation pronunciation NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1335 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1336 1 Clarendon Clarendon NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1336 2 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1336 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1337 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1337 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1337 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1337 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1337 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1337 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1337 7 19 19 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1337 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1337 9 811937 811937 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1337 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1337 11 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1337 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1338 1 JSTOR JSTOR NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1338 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1338 3 3728688 3728688 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1338 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1339 1 Retrieved retrieve VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1339 2 14 14 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1339 3 March March NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1339 4 2015 2015 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1339 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1340 1 Collingwood Collingwood NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1340 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 1340 3 Robin Robin NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1340 4 George George NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1340 5 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1664 1340 6 Myres Myres NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1340 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 1340 8 J. J. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1340 9 N. N. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1340 10 L. L. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1340 11 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1340 12 1936 1936 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1340 13 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1340 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1341 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1664 1341 2 Chapter chapter NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1341 3 XX XX NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1341 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1342 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 1342 2 Sources Sources NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1664 1342 3 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1342 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 1342 5 period period NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1342 6 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1664 1342 7 Angles angle NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 1342 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 1342 9 Saxons Saxons NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1664 1342 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 1342 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 1342 12 Jutes Jutes NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1664 1342 13 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1342 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 1342 15 Continent continent NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1342 16 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1664 1342 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1343 1 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1343 2 Britain Britain NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1343 3 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 1343 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 1343 5 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1343 6 Settlements Settlements NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1664 1343 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1344 1 Book book NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1344 2 V v NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1344 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1664 1344 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 1344 5 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1344 6 Settlements Settlements NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1664 1344 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1345 1 Oxford Oxford NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1345 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 1345 3 England England NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1345 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1664 1345 5 Clarendon Clarendon NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1345 6 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1345 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1346 1 JSTOR JSTOR NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1346 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1346 3 2143838 2143838 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1346 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1347 1 LCCN LCCN NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 1347 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1347 3 37002621 37002621 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1347 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1348 1 Collins Collins NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1348 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 1348 3 Beverley Beverley NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1348 4 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1664 1348 5 Mees Mees NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1348 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 1348 7 Inger Inger NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1348 8 M. M. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1348 9 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1348 10 2003 2003 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1348 11 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1348 12 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1348 13 First first RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 1348 14 published publish VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1348 15 1981 1981 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1348 16 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1348 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1349 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 1349 2 Phonetics Phonetics NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1349 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1349 4 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1349 5 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 1349 6 Dutch Dutch NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1349 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1349 8 5th 5th JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 1349 9   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1349 10 ed ed NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1349 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1349 12 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1349 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1350 1 Leiden Leiden NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1350 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1664 1350 3 Brill Brill NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1350 4 Publishers Publishers NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1664 1350 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1351 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1351 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1351 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1351 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1351 5 90 90 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1351 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1351 7 04 04 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1351 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1351 9 10340 10340 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1351 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1351 11 5 5 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1351 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1352 1 Connell Connell NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1352 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 1352 3 B. B. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1353 1 A. A. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1354 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1354 2 2006 2006 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1354 3 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1354 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1355 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1664 1355 2 Nigeria nigeria NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1355 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1664 1355 4 Language Language NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1355 5 Situation Situation NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1355 6 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1664 1355 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1356 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1356 2 Brown Brown NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1356 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 1356 4 Keith Keith NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1356 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1356 6 ed ed NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1356 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1356 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1356 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1357 1 Encyclopedia Encyclopedia NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 1357 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1357 3 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1357 4 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 1357 5 linguistics linguistics NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1357 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1358 1 Elsevier Elsevier NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1358 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1359 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1359 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1360 1 88–90 88–90 LS en-wikipedia-org-1664 1360 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1361 1 doi:10.1016 doi:10.1016 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1361 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-1664 1361 3 B0 B0 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1361 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1361 5 08 08 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1361 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1361 7 044854 044854 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1361 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1361 9 2/01655 2/01655 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1361 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1361 11 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1361 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1362 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1362 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1362 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1362 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1362 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1362 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1362 7 08 08 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1362 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1362 9 044299 044299 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1362 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1362 11 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1362 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1363 1 Retrieved retrieve VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1363 2 25 25 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1363 3 March March NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1363 4 2015 2015 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1363 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1364 1 Lay Lay NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1364 2 summary summary NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1364 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1364 4 6 6 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1364 5 February February NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1364 6 2015 2015 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1364 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1364 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1365 1 – – : en-wikipedia-org-1664 1365 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1365 3 via via IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1365 4 ScienceDirect ScienceDirect NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1365 5   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1365 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1365 7 Subscription subscription NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1365 8 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1365 9 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 1365 10 required require VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1365 11 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 1365 12 content content NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1365 13 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1365 14 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 1365 15 available available JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 1365 16 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1365 17 libraries library NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 1365 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1365 19 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1366 1 Conrad Conrad NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1366 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 1366 3 Andrew Andrew NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1366 4 W. W. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1366 5 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1664 1366 6 Rubal Rubal NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1366 7 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1366 8 Lopez Lopez NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1366 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 1366 10 Alma Alma NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1366 11 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1366 12 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1366 13 January January NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1366 14 1996 1996 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1366 15 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1366 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1367 1 Post Post NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1367 2 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 1367 3 Imperial imperial JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 1367 4 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1367 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1664 1367 6 Status Status NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1367 7 Change Change NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1367 8 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1367 9 Former former JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 1367 10 British british JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 1367 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 1367 12 American American NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1367 13 Colonies Colonies NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1664 1367 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 1367 15 1940–1990 1940–1990 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1367 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1368 1 de de NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1368 2 Gruyter Gruyter NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1368 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1369 1 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1369 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1369 3 261 261 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1369 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1370 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1370 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1370 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1370 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1370 5 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1370 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1370 7 11 11 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1370 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1370 9 087218 087218 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1370 10 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-1664 1370 11 7 7 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1370 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1371 1 Retrieved retrieve VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1371 2 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1371 3 April April NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1371 4 2015 2015 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1371 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1372 1 Cruttenden Cruttenden NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1372 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 1372 3 Alan Alan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1372 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1372 5 2014 2014 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1372 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1372 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1373 1 Gimson Gimson NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1373 2 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-1664 1373 3 Pronunciation Pronunciation NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1373 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1373 5 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1373 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1373 7 8th 8th NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1373 8   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1373 9 ed ed NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1373 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1373 11 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1373 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1374 1 Routledge Routledge NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1374 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1375 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1375 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1375 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1375 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1375 5 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1375 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1375 7 4441 4441 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1375 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1375 9 8309 8309 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1375 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1375 11 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1375 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1376 1 Crystal Crystal NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1376 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 1376 3 David David NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1376 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1376 5 2002 2002 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1376 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1376 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1377 1 Language Language NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1377 2 Death Death NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1377 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1378 1 Cambridge Cambridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1378 2 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1378 3 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1378 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1379 1 doi:10.1017 doi:10.1017 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1379 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-1664 1379 3 CBO9781139106856 CBO9781139106856 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1379 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1380 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1380 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1380 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1380 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1380 5 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1380 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1380 7 139 139 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1380 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1380 9 10685 10685 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1380 10 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-1664 1380 11 6 6 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1380 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1381 1 Retrieved retrieve VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1381 2 25 25 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1381 3 February February NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1381 4 2015 2015 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1381 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1382 1 Crystal Crystal NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1382 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 1382 3 David David NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1382 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1382 5 2003a 2003a CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1382 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1382 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1383 1 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1383 2 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1383 3 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 1383 4 Global Global NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1383 5 Language Language NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1383 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1383 7 2nd 2nd NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1383 8   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1383 9 ed ed NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1383 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1383 11 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1383 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1384 1 Cambridge Cambridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1384 2 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1384 3 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1384 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1385 1 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1385 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1385 3 69 69 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1385 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1386 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1386 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1386 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1386 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1386 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1386 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1386 7 521 521 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1386 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1386 9 53032 53032 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1386 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1386 11 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1386 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1387 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1387 2 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1387 3 February February NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1387 4 2015 2015 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1387 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1388 1 Lay Lay NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1388 2 summary summary NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1388 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1388 4 PDF PDF NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1388 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1388 6 – – : en-wikipedia-org-1664 1388 7 Library library JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 1388 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1388 9 Congress Congress NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1388 10 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1388 11 sample sample NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1388 12 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1388 13 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1388 14 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1388 15 February February NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1388 16 2015 2015 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1388 17 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1388 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1389 1 Crystal Crystal NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1389 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 1389 3 David David NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1389 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1389 5 2003b 2003b CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1389 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1389 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1390 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 1390 2 Cambridge Cambridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1390 3 Encyclopedia Encyclopedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1390 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1390 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 1390 6 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1390 7 Language Language NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1390 8 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1390 9 2nd 2nd NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1390 10   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1390 11 ed ed NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1390 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1390 13 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1390 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1391 1 Cambridge Cambridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1391 2 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1391 3 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1391 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1392 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1392 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1392 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1392 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1392 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1392 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1392 7 521 521 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1392 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1392 9 53033 53033 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1392 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1392 11 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1392 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1393 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1393 2 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1393 3 February February NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1393 4 2015 2015 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1393 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1394 1 Lay Lay NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1394 2 summary summary NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1394 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1394 4 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1394 5 February February NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1394 6 2015 2015 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1394 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1394 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1395 1 Crystal Crystal NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1395 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 1395 3 David David NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1395 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1395 5 2004 2004 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1395 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1395 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1396 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1664 1396 2 Subcontinent subcontinent NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1396 3 Raises raise VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 1396 4 Its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1664 1396 5 Voice Voice NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1396 6 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1664 1396 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1397 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 1397 2 Guardian Guardian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1397 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1398 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1398 2 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1398 3 February February NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1398 4 2015 2015 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1398 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1399 1 Crystal Crystal NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1399 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 1399 3 David David NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1399 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1399 5 2006 2006 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1399 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1399 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1400 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1664 1400 2 Chapter chapter NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1400 3 9 9 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1400 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1664 1400 5 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1400 6 worldwide worldwide RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 1400 7 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1664 1400 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1401 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1401 2 Denison Denison NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1401 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 1401 4 David David NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1401 5 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1664 1401 6 Hogg Hogg NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1401 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 1401 8 Richard Richard NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1401 9 M. M. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1402 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1402 2 eds eds NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1402 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1402 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1402 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1403 1 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 1403 2 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1403 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1403 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 1403 5 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1403 6 Language Language NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1403 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1404 1 Cambridge Cambridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1404 2 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1404 3 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1404 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1405 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1405 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1406 1 420–439 420–439 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1406 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1407 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1407 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1407 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1407 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1407 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1407 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1407 7 511 511 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1407 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1407 9 16893 16893 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1407 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1407 11 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1407 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1408 1 Daniels Daniels NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1408 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 1408 3 Peter Peter NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1408 4 T. T. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1408 5 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1664 1408 6 Bright Bright NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1408 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 1408 8 William William NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1408 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 1408 10 eds eds XX en-wikipedia-org-1664 1408 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1409 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1409 2 6 6 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1409 3 June June NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1409 4 1996 1996 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1409 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1409 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1410 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 1410 2 World World NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1410 3 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-1664 1410 4 Writing Writing NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1410 5 Systems Systems NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1664 1410 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1411 1 Oxford Oxford NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1411 2 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1411 3 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1411 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1412 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1412 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1412 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1412 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1412 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1412 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1412 7 19 19 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1412 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1412 9 507993 507993 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1412 10 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-1664 1412 11 7 7 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1412 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1413 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1413 2 23 23 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1413 3 February February NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1413 4 2015 2015 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1413 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1414 1 Lay Lay NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1414 2 summary summary NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1414 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1414 4 23 23 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1414 5 February February NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1414 6 2015 2015 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1414 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1414 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1415 1 Dehaene Dehaene NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1415 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 1415 3 Stanislas Stanislas NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1415 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1415 5 2009 2009 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1415 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1415 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1416 1 Reading read VBG en-wikipedia-org-1664 1416 2 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1416 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 1416 4 Brain brain NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1416 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1664 1416 6 The The NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1416 7 Science Science NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1416 8 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 1416 9 Evolution Evolution NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1416 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1416 11 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 1416 12 Human Human NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1416 13 Invention Invention NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1416 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1417 1 Viking Viking NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1417 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1418 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1418 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1418 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1418 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1418 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1418 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1418 7 670 670 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1418 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1418 9 02110 02110 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1418 10 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-1664 1418 11 9 9 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1418 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1419 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1419 2 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1419 3 April April NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1419 4 2015 2015 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1419 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1420 1 Lay Lay NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1420 2 summary summary NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1420 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1420 4 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1420 5 April April NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1420 6 2015 2015 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1420 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1420 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1421 1 Denison Denison NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1421 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 1421 3 David David NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1421 4 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1664 1421 5 Hogg Hogg NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1421 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 1421 7 Richard Richard NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1421 8 M. M. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1421 9 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1421 10 2006 2006 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1421 11 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1421 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1422 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1664 1422 2 Overview Overview NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1422 3 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1664 1422 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1423 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1423 2 Denison Denison NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1423 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 1423 4 David David NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1423 5 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1664 1423 6 Hogg Hogg NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1423 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 1423 8 Richard Richard NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1423 9 M. M. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1424 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1424 2 eds eds NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1424 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1424 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1424 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1425 1 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 1425 2 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1425 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1425 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 1425 5 English english JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 1425 6 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1425 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1426 1 Cambridge Cambridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1426 2 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1426 3 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1426 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1427 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1427 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1428 1 30–31 30–31 JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 1428 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1429 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1429 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1429 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1429 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1429 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1429 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1429 7 521 521 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1429 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1429 9 71799 71799 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1429 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1429 11 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1429 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1430 1 Denning den VBG en-wikipedia-org-1664 1430 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 1430 3 Keith Keith NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1430 4 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1664 1430 5 Kessler Kessler NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1430 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 1430 7 Brett Brett NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1430 8 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1664 1430 9 Leben Leben NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1430 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 1430 11 William William NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1430 12 Ronald Ronald NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1430 13 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1430 14 17 17 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1430 15 February February NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1430 16 2007 2007 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1430 17 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1430 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1431 1 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1431 2 Vocabulary Vocabulary NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1431 3 Elements Elements NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1431 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1432 1 Oxford Oxford NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1432 2 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1432 3 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1432 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1433 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1433 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1433 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1433 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1433 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1433 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1433 7 19 19 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1433 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1433 9 516803 516803 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1433 10 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-1664 1433 11 7 7 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1433 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1434 1 Retrieved retrieve VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1434 2 25 25 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1434 3 February February NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1434 4 2015 2015 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1434 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1435 1 Lay Lay NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1435 2 summary summary NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1435 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1435 4 25 25 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1435 5 February February NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1435 6 2015 2015 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1435 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1435 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1436 1 Department department NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1436 2 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1436 3 Communities Communities NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1664 1436 4 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 1436 5 Local Local NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1436 6 Government Government NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1436 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1436 8 United United NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1436 9 Kingdom Kingdom NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1436 10 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1436 11 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1436 12 27 27 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1436 13 February February NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1436 14 2007 2007 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1436 15 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1436 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1437 1 Second Second NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1437 2 Report Report NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1437 3 submitted submit VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1437 4 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1437 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 1437 6 United United NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1437 7 Kingdom Kingdom NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1437 8 pursuant pursuant JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 1437 9 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1437 10 article article NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1437 11 25 25 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1437 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 1437 13 paragraph paragraph NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1437 14 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1437 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1437 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 1437 17 framework framework NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1437 18 convention convention NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1437 19 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1437 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 1437 21 protection protection NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1437 22 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1437 23 national national JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 1437 24 minorities minority NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 1437 25 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1437 26 PDF PDF NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1437 27 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1437 28 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1437 29 Report report NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1437 30 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1437 31 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1438 1 Council Council NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1438 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1438 3 Europe Europe NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1438 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1439 1 ACFC ACFC NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1439 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-1664 1439 3 SR SR NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1439 4 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-1664 1439 5 II(2007)003 ii(2007)003 NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1439 6 rev1 rev1 NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1439 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1440 1 Archived archived JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 1440 2 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1440 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 1440 4 original original JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 1440 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1440 6 PDF PDF NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1440 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1440 8 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1440 9 24 24 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1440 10 September September NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1440 11 2015 2015 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1440 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1441 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1441 2 6 6 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1441 3 March March NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1441 4 2015 2015 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1441 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1442 1 Deumert Deumert NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1442 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 1442 3 A. a. NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1443 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1443 2 2006 2006 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1443 3 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1443 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1444 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1664 1444 2 Migration Migration NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1444 3 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 1444 4 Language Language NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1444 5 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1664 1444 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1445 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1445 2 Brown Brown NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1445 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 1445 4 Keith Keith NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1445 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1445 6 ed ed NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1445 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1445 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1445 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1446 1 Encyclopedia Encyclopedia NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 1446 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1446 3 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1446 4 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 1446 5 linguistics linguistics NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1446 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1447 1 Elsevier Elsevier NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1447 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1448 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1448 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1449 1 129–133 129–133 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1449 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1450 1 doi:10.1016 doi:10.1016 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1450 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-1664 1450 3 B0 B0 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1450 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1450 5 08 08 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1450 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1450 7 044854 044854 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1450 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1450 9 2/01294 2/01294 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1450 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1450 11 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1450 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1451 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1451 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1451 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1451 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1451 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1451 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1451 7 08 08 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1451 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1451 9 044299 044299 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1451 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1451 11 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1451 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1452 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1452 2 6 6 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1452 3 February February NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1452 4 2015 2015 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1452 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1453 1 Lay Lay NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1453 2 summary summary NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1453 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1453 4 6 6 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1453 5 February February NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1453 6 2015 2015 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1453 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1453 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1454 1 – – : en-wikipedia-org-1664 1454 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1454 3 via via IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1454 4 ScienceDirect ScienceDirect NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1454 5   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1454 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1454 7 Subscription subscription NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1454 8 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1454 9 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 1454 10 required require VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1454 11 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 1454 12 content content NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1454 13 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1454 14 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 1454 15 available available JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 1454 16 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1454 17 libraries library NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 1454 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1454 19 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1455 1 Dixon Dixon NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1455 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 1455 3 R. R. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1455 4 M. M. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1455 5 W. W. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1455 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1455 7 1982 1982 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1455 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1455 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1456 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1664 1456 2 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 1456 3 grammar grammar NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1456 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1456 5 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1456 6 phrasal phrasal NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1456 7 verbs verb NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 1456 8 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1664 1456 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1457 1 Australian Australian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1457 2 Journal Journal NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1457 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1457 4 Linguistics Linguistics NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1457 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1458 1 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1458 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1458 3 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1458 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1458 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1664 1458 6 1–42 1–42 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1458 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1459 1 doi:10.1080/07268608208599280 doi:10.1080/07268608208599280 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1459 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1460 1 Donoghue Donoghue NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1460 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 1460 3 D. D. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1460 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1460 5 2008 2008 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1460 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1460 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1461 1 Donoghue Donoghue NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1461 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 1461 3 Daniel Daniel NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1461 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1461 5 ed ed NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1461 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1461 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1461 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1462 1 Old old JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 1462 2 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1462 3 Literature literature NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1462 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1664 1462 5 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 1462 6 Short Short NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1462 7 Introduction introduction NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1462 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1463 1 Wiley Wiley NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1463 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1464 1 doi:10.1002/9780470776025 doi:10.1002/9780470776025 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1464 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1465 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1465 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1465 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1465 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1465 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1465 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1465 7 631 631 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1465 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1465 9 23486 23486 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1465 10 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-1664 1465 11 9 9 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1465 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1466 1 Durrell Durrell NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1466 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 1466 3 M. M. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1466 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1466 5 2006 2006 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1466 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1466 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1467 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1664 1467 2 Germanic Germanic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1467 3 Languages Languages NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1467 4 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1664 1467 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1468 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1468 2 Brown Brown NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1468 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 1468 4 Keith Keith NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1468 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1468 6 ed ed NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1468 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1468 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1468 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1469 1 Encyclopedia Encyclopedia NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 1469 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1469 3 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1469 4 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 1469 5 linguistics linguistics NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1469 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1470 1 Elsevier Elsevier NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1470 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1471 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1471 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1472 1 53–55 53–55 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1472 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1473 1 doi:10.1016 doi:10.1016 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1473 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-1664 1473 3 B0 B0 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1473 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1473 5 08 08 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1473 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1473 7 044854 044854 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1473 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1473 9 2/02189 2/02189 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1473 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1473 11 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1473 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1474 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1474 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1474 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1474 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1474 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1474 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1474 7 08 08 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1474 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1474 9 044299 044299 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1474 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1474 11 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1474 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1475 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1475 2 6 6 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1475 3 February February NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1475 4 2015 2015 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1475 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1476 1 Lay Lay NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1476 2 summary summary NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1476 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1476 4 6 6 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1476 5 February February NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1476 6 2015 2015 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1476 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1476 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1477 1 – – : en-wikipedia-org-1664 1477 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1477 3 via via IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1477 4 ScienceDirect ScienceDirect NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1477 5   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1477 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1477 7 Subscription subscription NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1477 8 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1477 9 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 1477 10 required require VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1477 11 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 1477 12 content content NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1477 13 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1477 14 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 1477 15 available available JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 1477 16 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1477 17 libraries library NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 1477 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1477 19 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1478 1 Eagleson Eagleson NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1478 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 1478 3 Robert Robert NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1478 4 D. D. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1478 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1478 6 1982 1982 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1478 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1478 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1479 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1664 1479 2 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1479 3 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1479 4 Australia Australia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1479 5 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 1479 6 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1479 7 Zealand Zealand NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1479 8 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1664 1479 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1480 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1480 2 Bailey Bailey NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1480 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 1480 4 Richard Richard NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1480 5 W. W. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1480 6 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1664 1480 7 Görlach Görlach NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1480 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 1480 9 Manfred Manfred NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1480 10 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1480 11 eds eds NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1480 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1480 13 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1480 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1481 1 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1481 2 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1481 3 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 1481 4 World World NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1481 5 Language Language NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1481 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1482 1 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1482 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1482 3 Michigan Michigan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1482 4 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1482 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1483 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1483 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1484 1 415–438 415–438 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1484 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1485 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1485 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1485 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1485 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1485 5 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1485 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1485 7 12 12 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1485 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1485 9 533872 533872 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1485 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1485 11 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1485 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1486 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1664 1486 2 Summary summary NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1486 3 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1486 4 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1486 5 size size NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1486 6 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1664 1486 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1487 1 Ethnologue ethnologue NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1487 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1664 1487 3 Languages language NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 1487 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1487 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 1487 6 World World NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1487 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1488 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1488 2 10 10 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1488 3 February February NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1488 4 2015 2015 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1488 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1489 1 European European NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1489 2 Commission Commission NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1489 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1489 4 June June NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1489 5 2012 2012 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1489 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1489 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1490 1 Special Special NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1490 2 Eurobarometer Eurobarometer NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1490 3 386 386 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1490 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1664 1490 5 Europeans Europeans NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1664 1490 6 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 1490 7 Their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1664 1490 8 Languages Languages NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1664 1490 9 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1490 10 PDF PDF NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1490 11 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1490 12 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1490 13 Report report NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1490 14 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1490 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1491 1 Eurobarometer Eurobarometer NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1491 2 Special Special NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1491 3 Surveys Surveys NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1491 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1492 1 Archived archived JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 1492 2 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1492 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 1492 4 original original JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 1492 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1492 6 PDF PDF NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1492 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1492 8 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1492 9 6 6 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1492 10 January January NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1492 11 2016 2016 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1492 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1493 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1493 2 12 12 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1493 3 February February NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1493 4 2015 2015 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1493 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1494 1 Lay Lay NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1494 2 summary summary NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1494 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1494 4 PDF PDF NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1494 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1494 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1494 7 27 27 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1494 8 March March NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1494 9 2015 2015 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1494 10 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1494 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1495 1 Fasold Fasold NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1495 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 1495 3 Ralph Ralph NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1495 4 W. W. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1495 5 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1664 1495 6 Connor Connor NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1495 7 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1495 8 Linton Linton NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1495 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 1495 10 Jeffrey Jeffrey NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1495 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 1495 12 eds eds XX en-wikipedia-org-1664 1495 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1496 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1496 2 2014 2014 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1496 3 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1496 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1497 1 An an DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 1497 2 Introduction introduction NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1497 3 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1497 4 Language Language NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1497 5 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 1497 6 Linguistics Linguistics NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1497 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1497 8 Second second RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 1497 9   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1497 10 ed ed NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1497 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1497 12 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1497 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1498 1 Cambridge Cambridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1498 2 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1498 3 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1498 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1499 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1499 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1499 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1499 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1499 5 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1499 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1499 7 316 316 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1499 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1499 9 06185 06185 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1499 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1499 11 5 5 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1499 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1500 1 Fischer Fischer NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1500 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 1500 3 Olga Olga NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1500 4 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1664 1500 5 van van NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1500 6 der der NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1500 7 Wurff Wurff NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1500 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 1500 9 Wim Wim NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1500 10 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1500 11 2006 2006 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1500 12 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1500 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1501 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1664 1501 2 Chapter chapter NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1501 3 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1501 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1664 1501 5 Syntax syntax NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1501 6 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1664 1501 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1502 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1502 2 Denison Denison NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1502 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 1502 4 David David NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1502 5 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1664 1502 6 Hogg Hogg NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1502 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 1502 8 Richard Richard NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1502 9 M. M. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1503 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1503 2 eds eds NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1503 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1503 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1503 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1504 1 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 1504 2 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1504 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1504 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 1504 5 English english JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 1504 6 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1504 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1505 1 Cambridge Cambridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1505 2 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1505 3 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1505 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1506 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1506 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1507 1 109–198 109–198 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1507 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1508 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1508 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1508 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1508 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1508 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1508 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1508 7 521 521 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1508 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1508 9 71799 71799 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1508 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1508 11 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1508 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1509 1 Flemming flemme VBG en-wikipedia-org-1664 1509 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 1509 3 Edward Edward NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1509 4 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1664 1509 5 Johnson Johnson NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1509 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 1509 7 Stephanie Stephanie NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1509 8 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1509 9 2007 2007 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1509 10 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1509 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1510 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1664 1510 2 Rosa Rosa NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1510 3 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-1664 1510 4 roses rose NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 1510 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1664 1510 6 reduced reduce VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1510 7 vowels vowel NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 1510 8 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1510 9 American American NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1510 10 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1510 11 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1664 1510 12 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1510 13 PDF PDF NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1510 14 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1510 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1511 1 Journal Journal NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1511 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1511 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 1511 4 International International NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1511 5 Phonetic Phonetic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1511 6 Association Association NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1511 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1512 1 37 37 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1512 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1512 3 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1512 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1512 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1664 1512 6 83–96 83–96 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1512 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1513 1 CiteSeerX CiteSeerX NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 1513 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1513 3 10.1.1.536.1989 10.1.1.536.1989 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1513 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1513 5 doi:10.1017 doi:10.1017 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1513 6 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-1664 1513 7 S0025100306002817 S0025100306002817 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1513 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1514 1 Giegerich Giegerich NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1514 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 1514 3 Heinz Heinz NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1514 4 J. J. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1515 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1515 2 1992 1992 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1515 3 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1515 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1516 1 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1516 2 Phonology Phonology NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1516 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1664 1516 4 An an DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 1516 5 Introduction introduction NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1516 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1517 1 Cambridge Cambridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1517 2 Textbooks Textbooks NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1517 3 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1517 4 Linguistics Linguistics NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1517 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1518 1 Cambridge Cambridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1518 2 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1518 3 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1518 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1519 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1519 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1519 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1519 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1519 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1519 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1519 7 521 521 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1519 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1519 9 33603 33603 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1519 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1519 11 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1519 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1520 1 Gneuss Gneuss NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1520 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 1520 3 Helmut Helmut NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1520 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1520 5 2013 2013 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1520 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1520 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1521 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1664 1521 2 Chapter chapter NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1521 3 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1521 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1664 1521 5 The The NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1521 6 Old Old NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1521 7 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1521 8 Language Language NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1521 9 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1664 1521 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1522 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1522 2 Godden Godden NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1522 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 1522 4 Malcolm Malcolm NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1522 5 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1664 1522 6 Lapidge Lapidge NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1522 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 1522 8 Michael Michael NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1522 9 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1522 10 eds eds NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1522 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1522 12 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1522 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1523 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 1523 2 Cambridge Cambridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1523 3 companion companion NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1523 4 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1523 5 Old old JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 1523 6 English english JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 1523 7 literature literature NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1523 8 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1523 9 Second second RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 1523 10   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1523 11 ed ed NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1523 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1523 13 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1523 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1524 1 Cambridge Cambridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1524 2 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1524 3 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1524 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1525 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1525 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1526 1 19–49 19–49 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1526 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1527 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1527 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1527 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1527 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1527 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1527 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1527 7 521 521 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1527 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1527 9 15402 15402 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1527 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1527 11 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1527 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1528 1 Görlach Görlach NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1528 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 1528 3 Manfred Manfred NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1528 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1528 5 1991 1991 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1528 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1528 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1529 1 Introduction introduction NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1529 2 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1529 3 Early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 1529 4 Modern modern JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 1529 5 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1529 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1530 1 Cambridge Cambridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1530 2 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1530 3 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1530 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1531 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1531 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1531 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1531 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1531 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1531 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1531 7 521 521 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1531 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1531 9 32529 32529 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1531 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1531 11 5 5 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1531 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1532 1 Gordin Gordin NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1532 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 1532 3 Michael Michael NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1532 4 D. D. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1532 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1532 6 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1532 7 February February NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1532 8 2015 2015 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1532 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1532 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1533 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1664 1533 2 Absolute absolute JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 1533 3 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1533 4 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1664 1533 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1534 1 Aeon Aeon NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1534 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1535 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1535 2 16 16 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1535 3 February February NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1535 4 2015 2015 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1535 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1536 1 Gordon Gordon NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1536 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 1536 3 Elizabeth Elizabeth NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1536 4 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1664 1536 5 Campbell Campbell NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1536 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 1536 7 Lyle Lyle NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1536 8 ; ; . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1536 9 Hay Hay NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1536 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 1536 11 Jennifer Jennifer NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1536 12 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1664 1536 13 Maclagan Maclagan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1536 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 1536 15 Margaret Margaret NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1536 16 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1664 1536 17 Sudbury Sudbury NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1536 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 1536 19 Angela Angela NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1536 20 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1664 1536 21 Trudgill Trudgill NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1536 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 1536 23 Peter Peter NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1536 24 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1536 25 2004 2004 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1536 26 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1536 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1537 1 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1537 2 Zealand Zealand NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1537 3 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1537 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1664 1537 5 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1664 1537 6 origins origin NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 1537 7 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 1537 8 evolution evolution NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1537 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1538 1 Studies study NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 1538 2 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1538 3 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1538 4 Language Language NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1538 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1539 1 Cambridge Cambridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1539 2 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1539 3 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1539 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1540 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1540 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1540 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1540 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1540 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1540 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1540 7 521 521 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1540 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1540 9 10895 10895 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1540 10 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-1664 1540 11 9 9 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1540 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1541 1 Gottlieb Gottlieb NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1541 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 1541 3 H. H. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1541 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1541 5 2006 2006 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1541 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1541 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1542 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1664 1542 2 Linguistic Linguistic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1542 3 Influence Influence NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1542 4 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1664 1542 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1543 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1543 2 Brown Brown NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1543 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 1543 4 Keith Keith NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1543 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1543 6 ed ed NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1543 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1543 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1543 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1544 1 Encyclopedia Encyclopedia NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 1544 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1544 3 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1544 4 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 1544 5 linguistics linguistics NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1544 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1545 1 Elsevier Elsevier NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1545 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1546 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1546 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1547 1 196–206 196–206 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1547 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1548 1 doi:10.1016 doi:10.1016 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1548 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-1664 1548 3 B0 B0 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1548 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1548 5 08 08 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1548 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1548 7 044854 044854 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1548 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1548 9 2/04455 2/04455 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1548 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1548 11 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1548 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1549 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1549 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1549 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1549 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1549 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1549 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1549 7 08 08 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1549 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1549 9 044299 044299 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1549 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1549 11 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1549 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1550 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1550 2 6 6 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1550 3 February February NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1550 4 2015 2015 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1550 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1551 1 Lay Lay NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1551 2 summary summary NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1551 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1551 4 6 6 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1551 5 February February NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1551 6 2015 2015 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1551 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1551 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1552 1 – – : en-wikipedia-org-1664 1552 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1552 3 via via IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1552 4 ScienceDirect ScienceDirect NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1552 5   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1552 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1552 7 Subscription subscription NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1552 8 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1552 9 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 1552 10 required require VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1552 11 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 1552 12 content content NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1552 13 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1552 14 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 1552 15 available available JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 1552 16 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1552 17 libraries library NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 1552 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1552 19 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1553 1 Graddol Graddol NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1553 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 1553 3 David David NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1553 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1553 5 2006 2006 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1553 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1553 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1554 1 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1554 2 Next Next NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1554 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1664 1554 4 Why why WRB en-wikipedia-org-1664 1554 5 global global JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 1554 6 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1554 7 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1554 8 mean mean VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 1554 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 1554 10 end end NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1554 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1554 12 ' ' '' en-wikipedia-org-1664 1554 13 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1554 14 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1554 15 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 1554 16 Foreign Foreign NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1554 17 Language Language NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1554 18 ' ' '' en-wikipedia-org-1664 1554 19 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1554 20 PDF PDF NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1554 21 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1554 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1555 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 1555 2 British British NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1555 3 Council Council NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1555 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1556 1 Archived archived JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 1556 2 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1556 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 1556 4 original original JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 1556 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1556 6 PDF PDF NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1556 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1556 8 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1556 9 12 12 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1556 10 February February NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1556 11 2015 2015 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1556 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1557 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1557 2 7 7 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1557 3 February February NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1557 4 2015 2015 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1557 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1558 1 Lay Lay NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1558 2 summary summary NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1558 3 – – : en-wikipedia-org-1664 1558 4 ELT ELT NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1558 5 Journal Journal NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1558 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1558 7 7 7 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1558 8 February February NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1558 9 2015 2015 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1558 10 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1558 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1559 1 Graddol Graddol NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1559 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 1559 3 David David NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1559 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1559 5 2010 2010 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1559 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1559 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1560 1 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1560 2 Next Next NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1560 3 India India NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1560 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1664 1560 5 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 1560 6 future future NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1560 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1560 8 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1560 9 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1560 10 India India NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1560 11 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1560 12 PDF PDF NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1560 13 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1560 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1561 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 1561 2 British British NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1561 3 Council Council NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1561 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1562 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1562 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1562 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1562 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1562 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1562 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1562 7 86355 86355 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1562 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1562 9 627 627 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1562 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1562 11 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1562 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1563 1 Archived archived JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 1563 2 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1563 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 1563 4 original original JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 1563 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1563 6 PDF PDF NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1563 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1563 8 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1563 9 12 12 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1563 10 February February NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1563 11 2015 2015 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1563 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1564 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1564 2 7 7 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1564 3 February February NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1564 4 2015 2015 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1564 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1565 1 Lay Lay NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1565 2 summary summary NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1565 3 – – : en-wikipedia-org-1664 1565 4 ELT ELT NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1565 5 Journal Journal NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1565 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1565 7 7 7 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1565 8 February February NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1565 9 2015 2015 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1565 10 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1565 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1566 1 Graddol Graddol NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1566 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 1566 3 David David NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1566 4 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1664 1566 5 Leith Leith NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1566 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 1566 7 Dick Dick NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1566 8 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1664 1566 9 Swann Swann NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1566 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 1566 11 Joan Joan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1566 12 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1664 1566 13 Rhys Rhys NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1566 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 1566 15 Martin Martin NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1566 16 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1664 1566 17 Gillen Gillen NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1566 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 1566 19 Julia Julia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1566 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 1566 21 eds eds NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1566 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1567 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1567 2 2007 2007 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1567 3 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1567 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1568 1 Changing change VBG en-wikipedia-org-1664 1568 2 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1568 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1569 1 Routledge Routledge NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1569 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1570 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1570 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1570 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1570 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1570 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1570 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1570 7 415 415 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1570 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1570 9 37679 37679 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1570 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1570 11 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1570 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1571 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1571 2 11 11 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1571 3 February February NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1571 4 2015 2015 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1571 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1572 1 Green green JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 1572 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 1572 3 Lisa Lisa NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1572 4 J. J. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1573 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1573 2 2002 2002 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1573 3 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1573 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1574 1 African African NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1574 2 American American NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1574 3 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1574 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1664 1574 5 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 1574 6 linguistic linguistic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 1574 7 introduction introduction NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1574 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1575 1 Cambridge Cambridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1575 2 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1575 3 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1575 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1576 1 Greenbaum Greenbaum NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1576 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 1576 3 S. S. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1576 4 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1664 1576 5 Nelson Nelson NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1576 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 1576 7 G. G. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1576 8 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1576 9 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1576 10 January January NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1576 11 2002 2002 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1576 12 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1576 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1577 1 An an DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 1577 2 introduction introduction NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1577 3 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1577 4 English english JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 1577 5 grammar grammar NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1577 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1577 7 Second second RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 1577 8   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1577 9 ed ed NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1577 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1577 11 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1577 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1578 1 Longman Longman NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1578 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1579 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1579 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1579 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1579 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1579 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1579 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1579 7 582 582 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1579 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1579 9 43741 43741 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1579 10 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-1664 1579 11 8 8 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1579 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1580 1 Halliday Halliday NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1580 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 1580 3 M. M. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1580 4 A. A. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1580 5 K. K. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1580 6 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1664 1580 7 Hasan Hasan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1580 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 1580 9 Ruqaiya Ruqaiya NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1580 10 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1580 11 1976 1976 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1580 12 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1580 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1581 1 Cohesion cohesion NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1581 2 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1581 3 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1581 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1582 1 Pearson Pearson NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1582 2 Education Education NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1582 3 ltd ltd NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1582 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1582 5 Hancock Hancock NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1582 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 1582 7 Ian Ian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1582 8 F. F. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1582 9 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1664 1582 10 Angogo Angogo NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1582 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 1582 12 Rachel Rachel NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1582 13 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1582 14 1982 1982 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1582 15 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1582 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1583 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1664 1583 2 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1583 3 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1583 4 East East NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1583 5 Africa Africa NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1583 6 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1664 1583 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1584 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1584 2 Bailey Bailey NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1584 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 1584 4 Richard Richard NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1584 5 W. W. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1584 6 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1664 1584 7 Görlach Görlach NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1584 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 1584 9 Manfred Manfred NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1584 10 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1584 11 eds eds NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1584 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1584 13 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1584 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1585 1 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1585 2 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1585 3 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 1585 4 World World NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1585 5 Language Language NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1585 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1586 1 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1586 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1586 3 Michigan Michigan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1586 4 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1586 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1587 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1587 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1588 1 415–438 415–438 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1588 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1589 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1589 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1589 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1589 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1589 5 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1589 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1589 7 12 12 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1589 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1589 9 533872 533872 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1589 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1589 11 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1589 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1590 1 Harbert Harbert NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1590 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 1590 3 Wayne Wayne NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1590 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1590 5 2007 2007 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1590 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1590 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1591 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 1591 2 Germanic Germanic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1591 3 Languages Languages NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1664 1591 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1592 1 Cambridge Cambridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1592 2 Language Language NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1592 3 Surveys Surveys NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1592 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1593 1 Cambridge Cambridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1593 2 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1593 3 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1593 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1594 1 doi:10.1017 doi:10.1017 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1594 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-1664 1594 3 CBO9780511755071 CBO9780511755071 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1594 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1595 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1595 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1595 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1595 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1595 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1595 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1595 7 521 521 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1595 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1595 9 01511 01511 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1595 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1595 11 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1595 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1596 1 JSTOR JSTOR NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1596 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1596 3 40492966 40492966 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1596 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1597 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1597 2 26 26 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1597 3 February February NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1597 4 2015 2015 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1597 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1598 1 Hickey Hickey NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1598 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 1598 3 R. R. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1598 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1598 5 2007 2007 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1598 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1598 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1599 1 Irish irish JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 1599 2 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1599 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1664 1599 4 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1599 5 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 1599 6 present present JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 1599 7 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1599 8 day day NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1599 9 forms form NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 1599 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1600 1 Cambridge Cambridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1600 2 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1600 3 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1600 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1601 1 Hickey Hickey NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1601 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 1601 3 R. R. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1601 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 1601 5 ed ed NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1601 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1602 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1602 2 2005 2005 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1602 3 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1602 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1603 1 Legacies legacy NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 1603 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1603 3 colonial colonial JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 1603 4 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1603 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1664 1603 6 Studies study NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 1603 7 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1603 8 transported transport VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1603 9 dialects dialect NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 1603 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1604 1 Cambridge Cambridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1604 2 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1604 3 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1604 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1605 1 Hogg Hogg NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1605 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 1605 3 Richard Richard NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1605 4 M. M. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1605 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1605 6 1992 1992 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1605 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1605 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1606 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1664 1606 2 Chapter chapter NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1606 3 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1606 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1664 1606 5 Phonology phonology NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1606 6 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 1606 7 Morphology Morphology NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1606 8 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1664 1606 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1607 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1607 2 Hogg Hogg NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1607 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 1607 4 Richard Richard NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1607 5 M. M. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1608 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1608 2 ed ed NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1608 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1608 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1608 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1609 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 1609 2 Cambridge Cambridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1609 3 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1609 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1609 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 1609 6 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1609 7 Language Language NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1609 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1610 1 1 1 LS en-wikipedia-org-1664 1610 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1664 1610 3 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 1610 4 Beginnings Beginnings NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1664 1610 5 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1610 6 1066 1066 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1610 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1611 1 Cambridge Cambridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1611 2 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1611 3 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1611 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1612 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1612 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1613 1 67–168 67–168 XX en-wikipedia-org-1664 1613 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1614 1 doi:10.1017 doi:10.1017 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1614 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-1664 1614 3 CHOL9780521264747 CHOL9780521264747 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1614 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1615 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1615 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1615 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1615 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1615 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1615 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1615 7 521 521 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1615 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1615 9 26474 26474 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1615 10 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-1664 1615 11 7 7 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1615 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1616 1 S2CID S2CID NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 1616 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1616 3 161881054 161881054 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1616 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1617 1 Hogg Hogg NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1617 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 1617 3 Richard Richard NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1617 4 M. M. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1617 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1617 6 2006 2006 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1617 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1617 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1618 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1664 1618 2 Chapter7 Chapter7 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1618 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1664 1618 4 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1618 5 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1618 6 Britain Britain NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1618 7 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1664 1618 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1619 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1619 2 Denison Denison NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1619 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 1619 4 David David NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1619 5 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1664 1619 6 Hogg Hogg NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1619 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 1619 8 Richard Richard NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1619 9 M. M. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1620 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1620 2 eds eds NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1620 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1620 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1620 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1621 1 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 1621 2 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1621 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1621 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 1621 5 English english JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 1621 6 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1621 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1622 1 Cambridge Cambridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1622 2 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1622 3 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1622 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1623 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1623 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1624 1 360–61 360–61 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1624 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1625 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1625 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1625 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1625 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1625 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1625 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1625 7 521 521 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1625 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1625 9 71799 71799 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1625 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1625 11 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1625 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1626 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1664 1626 2 How how WRB en-wikipedia-org-1664 1626 3 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1626 4 evolved evolve VBD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1626 5 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1626 6 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 1626 7 global global JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 1626 8 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1626 9 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1664 1626 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1627 1 BBC BBC NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1627 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1628 1 20 20 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1628 2 December December NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1628 3 2010 2010 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1628 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1629 1 Retrieved retrieved JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 1629 2 9 9 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1629 3 August August NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1629 4 2015 2015 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1629 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1630 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1664 1630 2 How how WRB en-wikipedia-org-1664 1630 3 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 1630 4 words word NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 1630 5 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1630 6 there there RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 1630 7 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1630 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 1630 9 English english JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 1630 10 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1630 11 ? ? . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1630 12 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1664 1630 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1631 1 Oxford Oxford NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1631 2 Dictionaries Dictionaries NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1664 1631 3 Online online RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 1631 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1632 1 Oxford Oxford NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1632 2 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1632 3 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1632 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1633 1 2015 2015 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1633 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1634 1 Retrieved retrieve VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1634 2 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1634 3 April April NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1634 4 2015 2015 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1634 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1635 1 How how WRB en-wikipedia-org-1664 1635 2 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 1635 3 words word NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 1635 4 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1635 5 there there RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 1635 6 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1635 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 1635 8 English english JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 1635 9 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1635 10 ? ? . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1636 1 There there EX en-wikipedia-org-1664 1636 2 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 1636 3 no no DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 1636 4 single single JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 1636 5 sensible sensible JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 1636 6 answer answer NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1636 7 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1636 8 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 1636 9 question question NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1636 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1637 1 It -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1637 2 's be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 1637 3 impossible impossible JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 1637 4 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1664 1637 5 count count VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 1637 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 1637 7 number number NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1637 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1637 9 words word NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 1637 10 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1637 11 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 1637 12 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1637 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 1637 14 because because IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1637 15 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1637 16 's be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 1637 17 so so RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 1637 18 hard hard JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 1637 19 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1664 1637 20 decide decide VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 1637 21 what what WP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1637 22 actually actually RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 1637 23 counts count VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 1637 24 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1637 25 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 1637 26 word word NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1637 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1638 1 Huddleston Huddleston NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1638 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 1638 3 Rodney Rodney NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1638 4 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1664 1638 5 Pullum Pullum NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1638 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 1638 7 Geoffrey Geoffrey NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1638 8 K. K. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1638 9 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1638 10 15 15 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1638 11 April April NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1638 12 2002 2002 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1638 13 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1638 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1639 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 1639 2 Cambridge Cambridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1639 3 Grammar Grammar NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1639 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1639 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 1639 6 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1639 7 Language Language NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1639 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1640 1 Cambridge Cambridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1640 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1664 1640 3 Cambridge Cambridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1640 4 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1640 5 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1640 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1641 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1641 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1641 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1641 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1641 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1641 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1641 7 521 521 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1641 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1641 9 43146 43146 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1641 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1641 11 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1641 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1642 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1642 2 10 10 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1642 3 February February NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1642 4 2015 2015 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1642 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1643 1 Lay Lay NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1643 2 summary summary NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1643 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1643 4 PDF PDF NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1643 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1643 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1643 7 10 10 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1643 8 February February NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1643 9 2015 2015 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1643 10 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1643 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1644 1 Hughes Hughes NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1644 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 1644 3 Arthur Arthur NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1644 4 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1664 1644 5 Trudgill Trudgill NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1644 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 1644 7 Peter Peter NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1644 8 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1644 9 1996 1996 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1644 10 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1644 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1645 1 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1645 2 Accents Accents NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1645 3 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 1645 4 Dialects Dialects NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1664 1645 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1645 6 3rd 3rd NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1645 7   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1645 8 ed ed NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1645 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1645 10 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1645 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1646 1 Arnold Arnold NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1646 2 Publishers Publishers NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1664 1646 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1647 1 International International NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1647 2 Civil Civil NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1647 3 Aviation Aviation NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1647 4 Organization Organization NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1647 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1647 6 2011 2011 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1647 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1647 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1648 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1664 1648 2 Personnel Personnel NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 1648 3 Licensing Licensing NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1648 4 FAQ FAQ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1648 5 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1664 1648 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1649 1 International International NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1649 2 Civil Civil NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1649 3 Aviation Aviation NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1649 4 Organization Organization NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1649 5 – – : en-wikipedia-org-1664 1649 6 Air Air NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1649 7 Navigation Navigation NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1649 8 Bureau Bureau NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1649 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1650 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1650 2 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1664 1650 3 languages language NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 1650 4 does do VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 1650 5 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 1650 6 licence licence NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1650 7 holder holder NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1650 8 need need VBP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1650 9 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1664 1650 10 demonstrate demonstrate VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 1650 11 proficiency proficiency NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1650 12 ? ? . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1650 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1651 1 Retrieved retrieve VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1651 2 16 16 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1651 3 December December NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1651 4 2014 2014 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1651 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1652 1 Controllers controller NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 1652 2 working work VBG en-wikipedia-org-1664 1652 3 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1652 4 stations station NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 1652 5 serving serve VBG en-wikipedia-org-1664 1652 6 designated designate VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1652 7 airports airport NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 1652 8 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 1652 9 routes route NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 1652 10 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1652 11 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1652 12 international international JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 1652 13 air air NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1652 14 services service NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 1652 15 shall shall MD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1652 16 demonstrate demonstrate VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 1652 17 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1652 18 proficiency proficiency NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1652 19 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1652 20 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1652 21 as as RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 1652 22 well well RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 1652 23 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1652 24 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1652 25 any any DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 1652 26 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 1652 27 language(s language(s NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1652 28 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1652 29 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1652 30 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1652 31 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 1652 32 station station NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1652 33 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1652 34 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 1652 35 ground ground NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1652 36 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1653 1 International International NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1653 2 Maritime Maritime NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1653 3 Organization Organization NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1653 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1653 5 2011 2011 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1653 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1653 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1654 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1664 1654 2 IMO IMO NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1654 3 Standard Standard NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1654 4 Marine Marine NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1654 5 Communication Communication NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1654 6 Phrases Phrases NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1664 1654 7 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1664 1654 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1655 1 Retrieved retrieve VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1655 2 16 16 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1655 3 December December NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1655 4 2014 2014 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1655 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1655 6 International International NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1655 7 Phonetic Phonetic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1655 8 Association Association NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1655 9 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1655 10 1999 1999 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1655 11 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1655 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1656 1 Handbook Handbook NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1656 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1656 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 1656 4 International International NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1656 5 Phonetic Phonetic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1656 6 Association Association NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1656 7 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1664 1656 8 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 1656 9 guide guide NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1656 10 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1656 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 1656 12 use use NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1656 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1656 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 1656 15 International International NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1656 16 Phonetic Phonetic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1656 17 Alphabet Alphabet NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1656 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1657 1 Cambridge Cambridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1657 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1664 1657 3 Cambridge Cambridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1657 4 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1657 5 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1657 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1658 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1658 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1658 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1658 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1658 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1658 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1658 7 521 521 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1658 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1658 9 65236 65236 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1658 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1658 11 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1658 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1659 1 Jambor Jambor NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1659 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 1659 3 Paul Paul NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1659 4 Z. Z. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1660 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1660 2 December December NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1660 3 2007 2007 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1660 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1660 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1661 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1664 1661 2 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1661 3 Language Language NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1661 4 Imperialism imperialism NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1661 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1664 1661 6 Points point NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 1661 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1661 8 View View NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1661 9 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1664 1661 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1662 1 Journal Journal NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1662 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1662 3 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1662 4 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1662 5 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 1662 6 International International NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1662 7 Language Language NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1662 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1663 1 2 2 LS en-wikipedia-org-1664 1663 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1664 1663 3 103–123 103–123 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1663 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1664 1 Jespersen Jespersen NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1664 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 1664 3 Otto Otto NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1664 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1664 5 2007 2007 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1664 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1664 7 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1664 8 1924 1924 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1664 9 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1664 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1665 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1664 1665 2 Case case NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1665 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1664 1665 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 1665 5 number number NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1665 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1665 7 English english JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 1665 8 cases case NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 1665 9 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1664 1665 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1666 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 1666 2 Philosophy Philosophy NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1666 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1666 4 Grammar Grammar NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1666 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1667 1 Routledge Routledge NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1667 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1668 1 Kachru Kachru NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1668 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 1668 3 B. B. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1669 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1669 2 2006 2006 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1669 3 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1669 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1670 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1664 1670 2 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1670 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1664 1670 4 World World NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1670 5 Englishes Englishes NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1670 6 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1664 1670 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1671 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1671 2 Brown Brown NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1671 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 1671 4 Keith Keith NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1671 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1671 6 ed ed NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1671 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1671 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1671 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1672 1 Encyclopedia Encyclopedia NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 1672 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1672 3 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1672 4 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 1672 5 linguistics linguistics NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1672 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1673 1 Elsevier Elsevier NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1673 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1674 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1674 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1675 1 195–202 195–202 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1675 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1676 1 doi:10.1016 doi:10.1016 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1676 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-1664 1676 3 B0 B0 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1676 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1676 5 08 08 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1676 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1676 7 044854 044854 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1676 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1676 9 2/00645 2/00645 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1676 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1676 11 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1676 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1677 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1677 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1677 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1677 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1677 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1677 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1677 7 08 08 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1677 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1677 9 044299 044299 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1677 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1677 11 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1677 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1678 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1678 2 6 6 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1678 3 February February NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1678 4 2015 2015 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1678 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1679 1 Lay Lay NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1679 2 summary summary NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1679 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1679 4 6 6 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1679 5 February February NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1679 6 2015 2015 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1679 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1679 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1680 1 – – : en-wikipedia-org-1664 1680 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1680 3 via via IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1680 4 ScienceDirect ScienceDirect NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1680 5   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1680 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1680 7 Subscription subscription NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1680 8 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1680 9 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 1680 10 required require VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1680 11 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 1680 12 content content NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1680 13 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1680 14 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 1680 15 available available JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 1680 16 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1680 17 libraries library NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 1680 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1680 19 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1681 1 Kastovsky Kastovsky NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1681 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 1681 3 Dieter Dieter NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1681 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1681 5 2006 2006 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1681 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1681 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1682 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1664 1682 2 Chapter chapter NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1682 3 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1682 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1664 1682 5 Vocabulary Vocabulary NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1682 6 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1664 1682 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1683 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1683 2 Denison Denison NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1683 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 1683 4 David David NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1683 5 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1664 1683 6 Hogg Hogg NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1683 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 1683 8 Richard Richard NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1683 9 M. M. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1684 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1684 2 eds eds NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1684 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1684 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1684 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1685 1 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 1685 2 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1685 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1685 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 1685 5 English english JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 1685 6 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1685 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1686 1 Cambridge Cambridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1686 2 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1686 3 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1686 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1687 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1687 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1688 1 199–270 199–270 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1688 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1689 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1689 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1689 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1689 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1689 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1689 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1689 7 521 521 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1689 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1689 9 71799 71799 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1689 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1689 11 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1689 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1690 1 König König NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1690 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 1690 3 Ekkehard Ekkehard NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1690 4 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1664 1690 5 van van NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1690 6 der der NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1690 7 Auwera Auwera NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1690 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 1690 9 Johan Johan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1690 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 1690 11 eds eds XX en-wikipedia-org-1664 1690 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1691 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1691 2 1994 1994 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1691 3 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1691 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1692 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 1692 2 Germanic Germanic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1692 3 Languages Languages NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1664 1692 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1693 1 Routledge Routledge NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1693 2 Language Language NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1693 3 Family Family NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1693 4 Descriptions Descriptions NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1664 1693 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1694 1 Routledge Routledge NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1694 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1695 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1695 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1695 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1695 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1695 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1695 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1695 7 415 415 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1695 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1695 9 28079 28079 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1695 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1695 11 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1695 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1696 1 JSTOR JSTOR NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1696 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1696 3 4176538 4176538 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1696 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1697 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1697 2 26 26 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1697 3 February February NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1697 4 2015 2015 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1697 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1698 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 1698 2 survey survey NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1698 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1698 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 1698 5 Germanic germanic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 1698 6 branch branch NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1698 7 languages language NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 1698 8 includes include VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 1698 9 chapters chapter NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 1698 10 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1698 11 Winfred Winfred NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1698 12 P. P. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1698 13 Lehmann Lehmann NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1698 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 1698 15 Ans Ans NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1698 16 van van NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1698 17 Kemenade Kemenade NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1698 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 1698 19 John John NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1698 20 Ole Ole NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1698 21 Askedal Askedal NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1698 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 1698 23 Erik Erik NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1698 24 Andersson Andersson NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1698 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 1698 26 Neil Neil NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1698 27 Jacobs Jacobs NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1698 28 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 1698 29 Silke Silke NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1698 30 Van Van NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1698 31 Ness Ness NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1698 32 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 1698 33 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 1698 34 Suzanne Suzanne NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1698 35 Romaine Romaine NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1698 36 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1699 1 König König NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1699 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 1699 3 Ekkehard Ekkehard NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1699 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1699 5 1994 1994 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1699 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1699 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1700 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1664 1700 2 17 17 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1700 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1701 1 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1701 2 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1664 1701 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1702 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1702 2 König König NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1702 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 1702 4 Ekkehard Ekkehard NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1702 5 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1664 1702 6 van van NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1702 7 der der NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1702 8 Auwera Auwera NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1702 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 1702 10 Johan Johan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1702 11 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1702 12 eds eds XX en-wikipedia-org-1664 1702 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1702 14 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1702 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1703 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 1703 2 Germanic Germanic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1703 3 Languages Languages NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1664 1703 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1704 1 Routledge Routledge NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1704 2 Language Language NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1704 3 Family Family NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1704 4 Descriptions Descriptions NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1664 1704 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1705 1 Routledge Routledge NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1705 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1706 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1706 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1707 1 532–562 532–562 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1707 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1708 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1708 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1708 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1708 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1708 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1708 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1708 7 415 415 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1708 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1708 9 28079 28079 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1708 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1708 11 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1708 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1709 1 JSTOR JSTOR NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1709 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1709 3 4176538 4176538 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1709 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1710 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1710 2 26 26 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1710 3 February February NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1710 4 2015 2015 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1710 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1711 1 Labov Labov NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1711 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 1711 3 W. W. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1711 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1711 5 1972 1972 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1711 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1711 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1712 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1664 1712 2 13 13 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1712 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1713 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 1713 2 Social Social NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1713 3 Stratification Stratification NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1713 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1713 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1713 6 R r NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1713 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1713 8 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1713 9 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1713 10 York York NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1713 11 City City NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1713 12 Department Department NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1713 13 Stores Stores NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1664 1713 14 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1664 1713 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1714 1 Sociolinguistic sociolinguistic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 1714 2 patterns pattern NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 1714 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1715 1 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1715 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1715 3 Pennsylvania Pennsylvania NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1715 4 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1715 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1716 1 Labov Labov NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1716 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 1716 3 W. W. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1716 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1716 5 2012 2012 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1716 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1716 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1717 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1664 1717 2 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1717 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1718 1 About about IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1718 2 Language Language NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1718 3 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 1718 4 Language Language NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1718 5 Change Change NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1718 6 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1664 1718 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1719 1 Dialect dialect VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 1719 2 Diversity Diversity NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1719 3 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1719 4 America America NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1719 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1664 1719 6 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 1719 7 Politics Politics NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1664 1719 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1719 9 Language Language NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1719 10 Change Change NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1719 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1720 1 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1720 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1720 3 Virginia Virginia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1720 4 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1720 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1721 1 Labov Labov NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1721 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 1721 3 William William NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1721 4 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1664 1721 5 Ash Ash NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1721 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 1721 7 Sharon Sharon NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1721 8 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1664 1721 9 Boberg Boberg NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1721 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 1721 11 Charles Charles NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1721 12 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1721 13 2006 2006 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1721 14 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1721 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1722 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 1722 2 Atlas Atlas NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1722 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1722 4 North North NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1722 5 American American NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1722 6 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1722 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1723 1 Berlin Berlin NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1723 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1664 1723 3 de de NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1723 4 Gruyter Gruyter NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1723 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1724 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1724 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1724 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1724 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1724 5 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1724 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1724 7 11 11 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1724 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1724 9 016746 016746 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1724 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1724 11 7 7 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1724 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1725 1 Retrieved retrieve VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1725 2 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1725 3 April April NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1725 4 2015 2015 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1725 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1726 1 Lanham Lanham NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1726 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 1726 3 L. L. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1726 4 W. W. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1726 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1726 6 1982 1982 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1726 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1726 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1727 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1664 1727 2 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1727 3 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1727 4 South South NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1727 5 Africa Africa NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1727 6 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1664 1727 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1728 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1728 2 Bailey Bailey NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1728 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 1728 4 Richard Richard NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1728 5 W. W. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1728 6 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1664 1728 7 Görlach Görlach NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1728 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 1728 9 Manfred Manfred NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1728 10 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1728 11 eds eds NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1728 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1728 13 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1728 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1729 1 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1729 2 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1729 3 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 1729 4 World World NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1729 5 Language Language NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1729 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1730 1 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1730 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1730 3 Michigan Michigan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1730 4 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1730 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1731 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1731 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1732 1 324–352 324–352 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1732 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1733 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1733 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1733 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1733 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1733 5 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1733 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1733 7 12 12 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1733 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1733 9 533872 533872 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1733 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1733 11 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1733 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1734 1 Lass Lass NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1734 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 1734 3 Roger Roger NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1734 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1734 5 1992 1992 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1734 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1734 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1735 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1664 1735 2 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1735 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1736 1 Phonology phonology NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1736 2 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 1736 3 Morphology Morphology NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1736 4 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1664 1736 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1737 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1737 2 Blake Blake NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1737 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 1737 4 Norman Norman NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1737 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1737 6 ed ed NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1737 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1737 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1737 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1738 1 Cambridge Cambridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1738 2 History History NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1738 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1738 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 1738 5 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1738 6 Language Language NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1738 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1739 1 II ii CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1739 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1664 1739 3 1066–1476 1066–1476 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1739 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1740 1 Cambridge Cambridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1740 2 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1740 3 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1740 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1741 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1741 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1742 1 103–123 103–123 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1742 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1743 1 Lass Lass NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1743 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 1743 3 Roger Roger NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1743 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1743 5 2000 2000 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1743 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1743 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1744 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1664 1744 2 Chapter chapter NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1744 3 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1744 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1664 1744 5 Phonology phonology NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1744 6 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 1744 7 Morphology Morphology NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1744 8 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1664 1744 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1745 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1745 2 Lass Lass NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1745 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 1745 4 Roger Roger NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1745 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1745 6 ed ed NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1745 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1745 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1745 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1746 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 1746 2 Cambridge Cambridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1746 3 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1746 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1746 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 1746 6 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1746 7 Language Language NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1746 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 1746 9 Volume volume NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1746 10 III iii NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1746 11 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1664 1746 12 1476–1776 1476–1776 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1746 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1747 1 Cambridge Cambridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1747 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1664 1747 3 Cambridge Cambridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1747 4 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1747 5 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1747 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1748 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1748 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1749 1 56–186 56–186 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1749 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1750 1 Lass Lass NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1750 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 1750 3 Roger Roger NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1750 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1750 5 2002 2002 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1750 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1750 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 1750 8 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1664 1750 9 South south JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 1750 10 African african JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 1750 11 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1750 12 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1664 1750 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 1750 14 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1750 15 Mesthrie Mesthrie NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1750 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 1750 17 Rajend Rajend NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1750 18 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1750 19 ed ed NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1750 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1751 1 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1751 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 1751 3 Language Language NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1751 4 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1751 5 South South NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1751 6 Africa Africa NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1751 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 1751 8 Cambridge Cambridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1751 9 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1751 10 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1751 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 1751 12 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1751 13   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1751 14 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1751 15 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1751 16 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1751 17 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1751 18 521 521 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1751 19 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1751 20 79105 79105 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1751 21 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1751 22 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1751 23 Lass Lass NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1751 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 1751 25 Roger Roger NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1751 26 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1751 27 2006 2006 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1751 28 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1751 29 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1752 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1664 1752 2 Chapter chapter NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1752 3 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1752 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1664 1752 5 Phonology phonology NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1752 6 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 1752 7 Morphology Morphology NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1752 8 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1664 1752 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1753 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1753 2 Denison Denison NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1753 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 1753 4 David David NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1753 5 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1664 1753 6 Hogg Hogg NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1753 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 1753 8 Richard Richard NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1753 9 M. M. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1754 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1754 2 eds eds NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1754 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1754 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1754 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1755 1 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 1755 2 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1755 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1755 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 1755 5 English english JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 1755 6 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1755 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1756 1 Cambridge Cambridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1756 2 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1756 3 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1756 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1757 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1757 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1758 1 46–47 46–47 LS en-wikipedia-org-1664 1758 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1759 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1759 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1759 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1759 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1759 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1759 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1759 7 521 521 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1759 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1759 9 71799 71799 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1759 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1759 11 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1759 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1760 1 Lawler Lawler NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1760 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 1760 3 J. J. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1761 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1761 2 2006 2006 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1761 3 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1761 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1762 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1664 1762 2 Punctuation Punctuation NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1762 3 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1664 1762 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1763 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1763 2 Brown Brown NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1763 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 1763 4 Keith Keith NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1763 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1763 6 ed ed NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1763 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1763 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1763 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1764 1 Encyclopedia Encyclopedia NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 1764 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1764 3 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1764 4 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 1764 5 linguistics linguistics NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1764 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1765 1 Elsevier Elsevier NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1765 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1766 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1766 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1767 1 290–291 290–291 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1767 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1768 1 doi:10.1016 doi:10.1016 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1768 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-1664 1768 3 B0 B0 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1768 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1768 5 08 08 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1768 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1768 7 044854 044854 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1768 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1768 9 2/04573 2/04573 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1768 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1768 11 9 9 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1768 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1769 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1769 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1769 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1769 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1769 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1769 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1769 7 08 08 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1769 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1769 9 044299 044299 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1769 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1769 11 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1769 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1770 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1770 2 6 6 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1770 3 February February NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1770 4 2015 2015 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1770 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1771 1 Lay Lay NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1771 2 summary summary NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1771 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1771 4 6 6 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1771 5 February February NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1771 6 2015 2015 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1771 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1771 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1772 1 – – : en-wikipedia-org-1664 1772 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1772 3 via via IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1772 4 ScienceDirect ScienceDirect NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1772 5   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1772 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1772 7 Subscription subscription NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1772 8 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1772 9 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 1772 10 required require VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1772 11 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 1772 12 content content NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1772 13 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1772 14 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 1772 15 available available JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 1772 16 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1772 17 libraries library NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 1772 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1772 19 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1773 1 Lawton Lawton NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1773 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 1773 3 David David NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1773 4 L. L. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1773 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1773 6 1982 1982 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1773 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1773 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1774 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1664 1774 2 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1774 3 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1774 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 1774 5 Caribbean Caribbean NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1774 6 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1664 1774 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1775 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1775 2 Bailey Bailey NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1775 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 1775 4 Richard Richard NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1775 5 W. W. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1775 6 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1664 1775 7 Görlach Görlach NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1775 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 1775 9 Manfred Manfred NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1775 10 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1775 11 eds eds NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1775 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1775 13 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1775 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1776 1 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1776 2 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1776 3 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 1776 4 World World NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1776 5 Language Language NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1776 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1777 1 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1777 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1777 3 Michigan Michigan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1777 4 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1777 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1778 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1778 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1779 1 251–280 251–280 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1779 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1780 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1780 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1780 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1780 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1780 5 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1780 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1780 7 12 12 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1780 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1780 9 533872 533872 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1780 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1780 11 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1780 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1781 1 Leech Leech NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1781 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 1781 3 G. G. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1781 4 N. N. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1781 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1781 6 2006 2006 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1781 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1781 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1782 1 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 1782 2 glossary glossary NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1782 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1782 4 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1782 5 grammar grammar NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1782 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1783 1 Edinburgh Edinburgh NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1783 2 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1783 3 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1783 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1784 1 Leech Leech NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1784 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 1784 3 Geoffrey Geoffrey NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1784 4 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1664 1784 5 Hundt Hundt NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1784 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 1784 7 Marianne Marianne NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1784 8 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1664 1784 9 Mair Mair NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1784 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 1784 11 Christian Christian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1784 12 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1664 1784 13 Smith Smith NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1784 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 1784 15 Nicholas Nicholas NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1784 16 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1784 17 22 22 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1784 18 October October NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1784 19 2009 2009 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1784 20 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1784 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1785 1 Change change VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 1785 2 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1785 3 contemporary contemporary JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 1785 4 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1785 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1664 1785 6 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 1785 7 grammatical grammatical JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 1785 8 study study NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1785 9 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1785 10 PDF PDF NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1785 11 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1785 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1786 1 Cambridge Cambridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1786 2 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1786 3 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1786 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1787 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1787 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1787 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1787 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1787 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1787 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1787 7 521 521 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1787 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1787 9 86722 86722 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1787 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1787 11 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1787 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1788 1 Archived archived JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 1788 2 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1788 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 1788 4 original original JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 1788 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1788 6 PDF PDF NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1788 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1788 8 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1788 9 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1788 10 April April NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1788 11 2015 2015 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1788 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1789 1 Retrieved retrieve VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1789 2 22 22 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1789 3 September September NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1789 4 2016 2016 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1789 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1790 1 Lay Lay NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1790 2 summary summary NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1790 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1790 4 PDF PDF NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1790 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1790 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1790 7 29 29 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1790 8 March March NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1790 9 2015 2015 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1790 10 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1790 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1791 1 Levine Levine NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1791 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 1791 3 L. L. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1791 4 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1664 1791 5 Crockett Crockett NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1791 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 1791 7 H. H. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1791 8 J. J. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1792 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1792 2 1966 1966 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1792 3 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1792 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1793 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1664 1793 2 Speech Speech NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1793 3 Variation Variation NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1793 4 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1793 5 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 1793 6 Piedmont Piedmont NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1793 7 Community Community NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1793 8 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1664 1793 9 Postvocalic Postvocalic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1793 10 r r NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1793 11 * * NFP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1793 12 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1664 1793 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1794 1 Sociological Sociological NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1794 2 Inquiry Inquiry NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1794 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1795 1 36 36 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1795 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1795 3 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1795 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1795 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1664 1795 6 204–226 204–226 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1795 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1796 1 doi:10.1111 doi:10.1111 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1796 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-1664 1796 3 j.1475 j.1475 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1796 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1796 5 682x.1966.tb00625.x 682x.1966.tb00625.x NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1796 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1797 1 Li Li NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1797 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 1797 3 David David NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1797 4 C. C. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1797 5 S. S. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1797 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1797 7 2003 2003 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1797 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1797 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1798 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1664 1798 2 Between between IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1798 3 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1798 4 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 1798 5 Esperanto Esperanto NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1798 6 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1664 1798 7 what what WP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1798 8 does do VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 1798 9 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1798 10 take take VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 1798 11 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1664 1798 12 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 1798 13 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 1798 14 world world NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1798 15 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1798 16 ? ? . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1798 17 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1664 1798 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1799 1 International International NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1799 2 Journal Journal NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1799 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1799 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 1799 5 Sociology Sociology NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1799 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1799 7 Language Language NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1799 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1800 1 2003 2003 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1800 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1800 3 164 164 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1800 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1800 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1664 1800 6 33–63 33–63 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1800 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1801 1 doi:10.1515 doi:10.1515 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1801 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-1664 1801 3 ijsl.2003.055 ijsl.2003.055 JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 1801 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1802 1 ISSN issn NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1802 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1802 3 0165 0165 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1802 4 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-1664 1802 5 2516 2516 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1802 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1803 1 Lim Lim NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1803 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 1803 3 L. L. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1803 4 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1664 1803 5 Ansaldo Ansaldo NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1803 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 1803 7 U. U. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1804 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1804 2 2006 2006 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1804 3 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1804 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1805 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1664 1805 2 Singapore Singapore NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1805 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1664 1805 4 Language Language NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1805 5 Situation Situation NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1805 6 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1664 1805 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1806 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1806 2 Brown Brown NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1806 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 1806 4 Keith Keith NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1806 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1806 6 ed ed NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1806 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1806 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1806 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1807 1 Encyclopedia Encyclopedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1807 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1807 3 Language Language NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1807 4 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 1807 5 Linguistics Linguistics NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1807 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1808 1 Elsevier Elsevier NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1808 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1809 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1809 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1810 1 387–389 387–389 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1810 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1811 1 doi:10.1016 doi:10.1016 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1811 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-1664 1811 3 B0 B0 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1811 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1811 5 08 08 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1811 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1811 7 044854 044854 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1811 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1811 9 2/01701 2/01701 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1811 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1811 11 6 6 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1811 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1812 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1812 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1812 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1812 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1812 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1812 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1812 7 08 08 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1812 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1812 9 044299 044299 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1812 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1812 11 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1812 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1813 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1813 2 6 6 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1813 3 February February NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1813 4 2015 2015 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1813 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1814 1 Lay Lay NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1814 2 summary summary NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1814 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1814 4 6 6 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1814 5 February February NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1814 6 2015 2015 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1814 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1814 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1815 1 – – : en-wikipedia-org-1664 1815 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1815 3 via via IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1815 4 ScienceDirect ScienceDirect NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1815 5   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1815 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1815 7 Subscription subscription NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1815 8 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1815 9 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 1815 10 required require VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1815 11 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 1815 12 content content NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1815 13 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1815 14 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 1815 15 available available JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 1815 16 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1815 17 libraries library NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 1815 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1815 19 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1816 1 Maclagan Maclagan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1816 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 1816 3 Margaret Margaret NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1816 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1816 5 2010 2010 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1816 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1816 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1817 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1664 1817 2 Chapter chapter NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1817 3 8 8 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1817 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1664 1817 5 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 1817 6 English(es english(es NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1817 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1817 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1817 9 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1817 10 Zealand Zealand NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1817 11 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1664 1817 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1818 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1818 2 Kirkpatrick Kirkpatrick NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1818 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 1818 4 Andy Andy NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1818 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1818 6 ed ed NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1818 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1818 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1818 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1819 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 1819 2 Routledge Routledge NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1819 3 handbook handbook NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1819 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1819 5 world world NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1819 6 Englishes Englishes NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1819 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1820 1 Routledge Routledge NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1820 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1821 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1821 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1822 1 151–164 151–164 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1822 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1823 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1823 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1823 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1823 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1823 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1823 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1823 7 203 203 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1823 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1823 9 84932 84932 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1823 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1823 11 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1823 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1824 1 Lay Lay NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1824 2 summary summary NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1824 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1824 4 29 29 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1824 5 March March NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1824 6 2015 2015 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1824 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1824 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1825 1 MacMahon MacMahon NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1825 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 1825 3 M. M. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1825 4 K. K. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1825 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1825 6 2006 2006 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1825 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1825 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1826 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1664 1826 2 16 16 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1826 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1827 1 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1827 2 Phonetics Phonetics NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1827 3 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1664 1827 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1828 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1828 2 Bas Bas NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1828 3 Aarts Aarts NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1828 4 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1664 1828 5 April April NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1828 6 McMahon McMahon NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1828 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1828 8 eds eds NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1828 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1828 10 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1828 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1829 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 1829 2 Handbook Handbook NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1829 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1829 4 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1829 5 Linguistics Linguistics NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1829 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1830 1 Oxford Oxford NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1830 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1664 1830 3 Blackwell Blackwell NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1830 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1831 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1831 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1832 1 359–382 359–382 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1832 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1833 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1664 1833 2 Macquarie Macquarie NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1833 3 Dictionary Dictionary NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1833 4 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1664 1833 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1834 1 Australia Australia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1834 2 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-1664 1834 3 National National NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1834 4 Dictionary Dictionary NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1834 5 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 1834 6 Thesaurus Thesaurus NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1834 7 Online Online NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1834 8 | | NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1834 9 Macquarie Macquarie NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1834 10 Dictionary Dictionary NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1834 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1835 1 Macmillan Macmillan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1835 2 Publishers Publishers NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1835 3 Group Group NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1835 4 Australia Australia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1835 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1836 1 2015 2015 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1836 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1837 1 Retrieved retrieve VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1837 2 15 15 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1837 3 February February NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1837 4 2015 2015 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1837 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1838 1 Mair Mair NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1838 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 1838 3 C. C. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1838 4 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1664 1838 5 Leech Leech NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1838 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 1838 7 G. G. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1838 8 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1838 9 2006 2006 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1838 10 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1838 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1839 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1664 1839 2 14 14 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1839 3 Current current JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 1839 4 Changes Changes NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1664 1839 5 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1839 6 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1839 7 Syntax Syntax NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1839 8 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1664 1839 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1840 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 1840 2 handbook handbook NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1840 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1840 4 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1840 5 linguistics linguistic NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 1840 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1841 1 Mair Mair NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1841 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 1841 3 Christian Christian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1841 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1841 5 2006 2006 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1841 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1841 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1842 1 Twentieth twentieth JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 1842 2 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1842 3 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1842 4 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1842 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1664 1842 6 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1842 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 1842 8 variation variation NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1842 9 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 1842 10 standardization standardization NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1842 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1843 1 Cambridge Cambridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1843 2 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1843 3 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1843 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1844 1 Mazrui Mazrui NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1844 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 1844 3 Ali Ali NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1844 4 A. A. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1844 5 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1664 1844 6 Mazrui Mazrui NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1844 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 1844 8 Alamin Alamin NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1844 9 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1844 10 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1844 11 August August NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1844 12 1998 1998 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1844 13 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1844 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1845 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 1845 2 Power Power NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1845 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1845 4 Babel Babel NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1845 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1664 1845 6 Language Language NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1845 7 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 1845 8 Governance Governance NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1845 9 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1845 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 1845 11 African African NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1845 12 Experience Experience NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1845 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1846 1 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1846 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1846 3 Chicago Chicago NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1846 4 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1846 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1847 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1847 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1847 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1847 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1847 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1847 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1847 7 226 226 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1847 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1847 9 51429 51429 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1847 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1847 11 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1847 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1848 1 Retrieved retrieve VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1848 2 15 15 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1848 3 February February NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1848 4 2015 2015 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1848 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1849 1 Lay Lay NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1849 2 summary summary NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1849 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1849 4 15 15 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1849 5 February February NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1849 6 2015 2015 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1849 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1849 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1850 1 McArthur McArthur NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1850 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 1850 3 Tom Tom NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1850 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 1850 5 ed ed NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1850 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1851 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1851 2 1992 1992 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1851 3 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1851 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1852 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 1852 2 Oxford Oxford NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1852 3 Companion Companion NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1852 4 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1852 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 1852 6 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1852 7 Language Language NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1852 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1853 1 Oxford Oxford NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1853 2 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1853 3 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1853 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1854 1 doi:10.1093 doi:10.1093 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1854 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-1664 1854 3 acref/9780192800619.001.0001 acref/9780192800619.001.0001 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1854 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1855 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1855 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1855 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1855 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1855 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1855 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1855 7 19 19 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1855 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1855 9 214183 214183 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1855 10 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-1664 1855 11 5 5 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1855 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1856 1 Lay Lay NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1856 2 summary summary NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1856 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1856 4 15 15 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1856 5 February February NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1856 6 2015 2015 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1856 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1856 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1857 1 McCrum McCrum NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1857 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 1857 3 Robert Robert NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1857 4 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1664 1857 5 MacNeil MacNeil NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1857 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 1857 7 Robert Robert NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1857 8 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1664 1857 9 Cran Cran NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1857 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 1857 11 William William NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1857 12 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1857 13 2003 2003 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1857 14 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1857 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1858 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 1858 2 Story Story NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1858 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1858 4 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1858 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1858 6 Third Third NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1858 7 Revised Revised NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1858 8   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1858 9 ed ed NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1858 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1858 11 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1858 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1859 1 London London NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1859 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1664 1859 3 Penguin Penguin NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1859 4 Books Books NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1859 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1860 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1860 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1860 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1860 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1860 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1860 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1860 7 14 14 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1860 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1860 9 200231 200231 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1860 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1860 11 5 5 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1860 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1861 1 McGuinness McGuinness NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1861 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 1861 3 Diane Diane NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1861 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1861 5 1997 1997 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1861 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1861 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1862 1 Why why WRB en-wikipedia-org-1664 1862 2 Our -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1664 1862 3 Children child NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 1862 4 Ca can MD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1862 5 n't not RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 1862 6 Read read VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 1862 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 1862 8 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 1862 9 what what WP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1862 10 We -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1862 11 Can Can MD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1862 12 Do do VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 1862 13 about about IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1862 14 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1862 15 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1664 1862 16 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 1862 17 Scientific Scientific NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1862 18 Revolution Revolution NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1862 19 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1862 20 Reading reading NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1862 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1863 1 Simon Simon NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1863 2 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 1863 3 Schuster Schuster NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1863 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1864 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1864 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1864 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1864 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1864 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1864 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1864 7 684 684 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1864 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1864 9 83161 83161 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1864 10 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-1664 1864 11 9 9 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1864 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1865 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1865 2 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1865 3 April April NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1865 4 2015 2015 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1865 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1866 1 Lay Lay NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1866 2 summary summary NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1866 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1866 4 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1866 5 April April NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1866 6 2015 2015 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1866 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1866 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1867 1 Meierkord Meierkord NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1867 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 1867 3 C. C. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1867 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1867 5 2006 2006 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1867 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1867 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1868 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1664 1868 2 Lingua Lingua NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1868 3 Francas Francas NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1868 4 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1868 5 Second Second NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1868 6 Languages Languages NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1664 1868 7 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1664 1868 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1869 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1869 2 Brown Brown NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1869 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 1869 4 Keith Keith NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1869 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1869 6 ed ed NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1869 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1869 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1869 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1870 1 Encyclopedia Encyclopedia NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 1870 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1870 3 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1870 4 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 1870 5 linguistics linguistics NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1870 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1871 1 Elsevier Elsevier NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1871 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1872 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1872 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1873 1 163–171 163–171 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1873 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1874 1 doi:10.1016 doi:10.1016 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1874 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-1664 1874 3 B0 B0 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1874 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1874 5 08 08 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1874 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1874 7 044854 044854 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1874 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1874 9 2/00641 2/00641 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1874 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1874 11 6 6 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1874 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1875 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1875 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1875 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1875 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1875 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1875 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1875 7 08 08 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1875 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1875 9 044299 044299 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1875 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1875 11 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1875 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1876 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1876 2 6 6 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1876 3 February February NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1876 4 2015 2015 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1876 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1877 1 Lay Lay NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1877 2 summary summary NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1877 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1877 4 6 6 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1877 5 February February NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1877 6 2015 2015 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1877 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1877 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1878 1 – – : en-wikipedia-org-1664 1878 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1878 3 via via IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1878 4 ScienceDirect ScienceDirect NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1878 5   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1878 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1878 7 Subscription subscription NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1878 8 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1878 9 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 1878 10 required require VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1878 11 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 1878 12 content content NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1878 13 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1878 14 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 1878 15 available available JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 1878 16 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1878 17 libraries library NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 1878 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1878 19 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1879 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1664 1879 2 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1879 3 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1664 1879 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1880 1 Merriam-webster.com merriam-webster.com ADD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1880 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1881 1 26 26 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1881 2 February February NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1881 3 2015 2015 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1881 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1882 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1882 2 26 26 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1882 3 February February NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1882 4 2015 2015 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1882 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1883 1 Mesthrie Mesthrie NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1883 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 1883 3 Rajend Rajend NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1883 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1883 5 2010 2010 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1883 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1883 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1884 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1664 1884 2 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1884 3 Englishes Englishes NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1664 1884 4 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 1884 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 1884 6 native native JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 1884 7 speaker speaker NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1884 8 debate debate NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1884 9 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1664 1884 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1885 1 Language Language NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1885 2 Sciences Sciences NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1664 1885 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1886 1 32 32 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1886 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1886 3 6 6 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1886 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1886 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1664 1886 6 594–601 594–601 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1886 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1887 1 doi:10.1016 doi:10.1016 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1887 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-1664 1887 3 j.langsci.2010.08.002 j.langsci.2010.08.002 NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1887 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1888 1 ISSN issn NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1888 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1888 3 0388 0388 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1888 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1888 5 0001 0001 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1888 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1889 1 – – : en-wikipedia-org-1664 1889 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1889 3 via via IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1889 4 ScienceDirect ScienceDirect NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1889 5   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1889 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1889 7 Subscription subscription NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1889 8 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1889 9 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 1889 10 required require VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1889 11 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 1889 12 content content NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1889 13 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1889 14 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 1889 15 available available JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 1889 16 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1889 17 libraries library NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 1889 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1889 19 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1890 1 Miller Miller NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1890 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 1890 3 Jim Jim NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1890 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1890 5 2002 2002 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1890 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1890 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1891 1 An an DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 1891 2 Introduction introduction NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1891 3 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1891 4 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1891 5 Syntax Syntax NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1891 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1892 1 Edinburgh Edinburgh NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1892 2 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1892 3 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1892 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1893 1 Montgomery Montgomery NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1893 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 1893 3 M. M. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1893 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1893 5 1993 1993 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1893 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1893 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1894 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1664 1894 2 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 1894 3 Southern Southern NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1894 4 Accent Accent NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1894 5 — — : en-wikipedia-org-1664 1894 6 Alive alive JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 1894 7 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 1894 8 Well well UH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1894 9 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1664 1894 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1895 1 Southern Southern NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1895 2 Cultures Cultures NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1664 1895 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1896 1 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1896 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1896 3 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1896 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1896 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1664 1896 6 47–64 47–64 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1896 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1897 1 doi:10.1353 doi:10.1353 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1897 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-1664 1897 3 scu.1993.0006 scu.1993.0006 NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1897 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1898 1 S2CID S2CID NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 1898 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1898 3 143984864 143984864 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1898 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1899 1 Mountford Mountford NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1899 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 1899 3 J. J. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1900 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1900 2 2006 2006 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1900 3 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1900 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1901 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1664 1901 2 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1901 3 Spelling spelling NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1901 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1664 1901 5 Rationale Rationale NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1901 6 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1664 1901 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1902 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1902 2 Brown Brown NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1902 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 1902 4 Keith Keith NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1902 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1902 6 ed ed NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1902 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1902 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1902 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1903 1 Encyclopedia Encyclopedia NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 1903 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1903 3 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1903 4 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 1903 5 linguistics linguistics NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1903 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1904 1 Elsevier Elsevier NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1904 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1905 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1905 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1906 1 156–159 156–159 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1906 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1907 1 doi:10.1016 doi:10.1016 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1907 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-1664 1907 3 B0 B0 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1907 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1907 5 08 08 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1907 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1907 7 044854 044854 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1907 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1907 9 2/05018 2/05018 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1907 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1907 11 5 5 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1907 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1908 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1908 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1908 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1908 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1908 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1908 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1908 7 08 08 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1908 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1908 9 044299 044299 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1908 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1908 11 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1908 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1909 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1909 2 6 6 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1909 3 February February NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1909 4 2015 2015 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1909 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1910 1 Lay Lay NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1910 2 summary summary NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1910 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1910 4 6 6 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1910 5 February February NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1910 6 2015 2015 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1910 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1910 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1911 1 – – : en-wikipedia-org-1664 1911 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1911 3 via via IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1911 4 ScienceDirect ScienceDirect NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1911 5   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1911 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1911 7 Subscription subscription NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1911 8 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1911 9 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 1911 10 required require VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1911 11 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 1911 12 content content NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1911 13 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1911 14 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 1911 15 available available JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 1911 16 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1911 17 libraries library NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 1911 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1911 19 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1912 1 Mufwene Mufwene NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1912 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 1912 3 S. S. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1912 4 S. S. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1912 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1912 6 2006 2006 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1912 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1912 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1913 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1664 1913 2 Language language NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1913 3 Spread Spread NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1913 4 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1664 1913 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1914 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1914 2 Brown Brown NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1914 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 1914 4 Keith Keith NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1914 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1914 6 ed ed NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1914 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1914 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1914 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1915 1 Encyclopedia Encyclopedia NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 1915 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1915 3 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1915 4 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 1915 5 linguistics linguistics NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1915 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1916 1 Elsevier Elsevier NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1916 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1917 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1917 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1918 1 613–616 613–616 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1918 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1919 1 doi:10.1016 doi:10.1016 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1919 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-1664 1919 3 B0 B0 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1919 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1919 5 08 08 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1919 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1919 7 044854 044854 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1919 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1919 9 2/01291 2/01291 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1919 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1919 11 8 8 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1919 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1920 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1920 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1920 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1920 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1920 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1920 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1920 7 08 08 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1920 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1920 9 044299 044299 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1920 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1920 11 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1920 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1921 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1921 2 6 6 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1921 3 February February NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1921 4 2015 2015 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1921 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1922 1 Lay Lay NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1922 2 summary summary NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1922 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1922 4 6 6 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1922 5 February February NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1922 6 2015 2015 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1922 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1922 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1923 1 – – : en-wikipedia-org-1664 1923 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1923 3 via via IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1923 4 ScienceDirect ScienceDirect NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1923 5   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1923 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1923 7 Subscription subscription NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1923 8 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1923 9 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 1923 10 required require VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1923 11 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 1923 12 content content NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1923 13 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1923 14 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 1923 15 available available JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 1923 16 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1923 17 libraries library NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 1923 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1923 19 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1924 1 Nation nation NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1924 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 1924 3 I. I. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1924 4 S. S. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1924 5 P. P. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1924 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1924 7 15 15 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1924 8 March March NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1924 9 2001 2001 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1924 10 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1924 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1925 1 Learning learn VBG en-wikipedia-org-1664 1925 2 Vocabulary Vocabulary NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1925 3 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1925 4 Another another DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 1925 5 Language Language NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1925 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1926 1 Cambridge Cambridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1926 2 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1926 3 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1926 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1927 1 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1927 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1927 3 477 477 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1927 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1928 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1928 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1928 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1928 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1928 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1928 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1928 7 521 521 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1928 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1928 9 80498 80498 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1928 10 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-1664 1928 11 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1928 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1929 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1929 2 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1929 3 February February NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1929 4 2015 2015 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1929 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1930 1 Lay Lay NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1930 2 summary summary NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1930 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1930 4 PDF PDF NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1930 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1930 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1930 7 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1930 8 February February NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1930 9 2015 2015 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1930 10 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1930 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1931 1 National National NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1931 2 Records Records NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1664 1931 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1931 4 Scotland Scotland NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1931 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1931 6 26 26 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1931 7 September September NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1931 8 2013 2013 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1931 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1931 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1932 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1664 1932 2 Census Census NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1932 3 2011 2011 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1932 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1664 1932 5 Release Release NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1932 6 2A 2a NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1932 7 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1664 1932 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1933 1 Scotland Scotland NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1933 2 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-1664 1933 3 Census Census NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1933 4 2011 2011 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1933 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1934 1 Retrieved retrieve VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1934 2 25 25 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1934 3 March March NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1934 4 2015 2015 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1934 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1935 1 Neijt Neijt NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1935 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 1935 3 A. a. NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1936 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1936 2 2006 2006 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1936 3 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1936 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1937 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1664 1937 2 Spelling Spelling NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1937 3 Reform Reform NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1937 4 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1664 1937 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1938 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1938 2 Brown Brown NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1938 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 1938 4 Keith Keith NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1938 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1938 6 ed ed NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1938 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1938 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1938 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1939 1 Encyclopedia Encyclopedia NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 1939 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1939 3 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1939 4 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 1939 5 linguistics linguistics NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1939 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1940 1 Elsevier Elsevier NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1940 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1941 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1941 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1942 1 68–71 68–71 LS en-wikipedia-org-1664 1942 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1943 1 doi:10.1016 doi:10.1016 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1943 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-1664 1943 3 B0 B0 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1943 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1943 5 08 08 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1943 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1943 7 044854 044854 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1943 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1943 9 2/04574 2/04574 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1943 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1943 11 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1943 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1944 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1944 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1944 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1944 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1944 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1944 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1944 7 08 08 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1944 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1944 9 044299 044299 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1944 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1944 11 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1944 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1945 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1945 2 6 6 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1945 3 February February NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1945 4 2015 2015 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1945 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1946 1 Lay Lay NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1946 2 summary summary NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1946 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1946 4 6 6 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1946 5 February February NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1946 6 2015 2015 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1946 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1946 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1947 1 – – : en-wikipedia-org-1664 1947 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1947 3 via via IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1947 4 ScienceDirect ScienceDirect NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1947 5   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1947 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1947 7 Subscription subscription NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1947 8 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1947 9 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 1947 10 required require VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1947 11 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 1947 12 content content NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1947 13 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1947 14 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 1947 15 available available JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 1947 16 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1947 17 libraries library NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 1947 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1947 19 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1948 1 Nevalainen Nevalainen NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1948 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 1948 3 Terttu Terttu NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1948 4 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1664 1948 5 Tieken Tieken NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1948 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1948 7 Boon Boon NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1948 8 van van NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1948 9 Ostade Ostade NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1948 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 1948 11 Ingrid Ingrid NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1948 12 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1948 13 2006 2006 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1948 14 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1948 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1949 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1664 1949 2 Chapter chapter NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1949 3 5 5 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1949 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1664 1949 5 Standardization Standardization NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1949 6 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1664 1949 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1950 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1950 2 Denison Denison NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1950 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 1950 4 David David NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1950 5 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1664 1950 6 Hogg Hogg NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1950 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 1950 8 Richard Richard NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1950 9 M. M. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1951 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1951 2 eds eds NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1951 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1951 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1951 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1952 1 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 1952 2 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1952 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1952 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 1952 5 English english JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 1952 6 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1952 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1953 1 Cambridge Cambridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1953 2 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1953 3 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1953 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1954 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1954 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1954 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1954 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1954 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1954 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1954 7 521 521 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1954 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1954 9 71799 71799 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1954 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1954 11 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1954 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1955 1 Northern Northern NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1955 2 Ireland Ireland NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1955 3 Statistics Statistics NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1955 4 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 1955 5 Research Research NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1955 6 Agency Agency NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1955 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1955 8 11 11 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1955 9 December December NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1955 10 2012 2012 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1955 11 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1955 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1956 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1664 1956 2 Census Census NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1956 3 2011 2011 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1956 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1664 1956 5 Key Key NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1956 6 Statistics Statistics NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1664 1956 7 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1956 8 Northern Northern NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1956 9 Ireland Ireland NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1956 10 December December NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1956 11 2012 2012 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1956 12 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1664 1956 13 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1956 14 PDF PDF NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1956 15 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1956 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1957 1 Statistics Statistics NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1664 1957 2 Bulletin Bulletin NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1957 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1958 1 Table table NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1958 2 KS207NI ks207ni NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1958 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1664 1958 4 Main Main NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1958 5 Language Language NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1958 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1959 1 Archived archived JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 1959 2 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1959 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 1959 4 original original JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 1959 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1959 6 PDF PDF NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1959 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1959 8 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1959 9 24 24 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1959 10 December December NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1959 11 2012 2012 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1959 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1960 1 Retrieved retrieve VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1960 2 16 16 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1960 3 December December NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1960 4 2014 2014 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1960 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1961 1 Northrup Northrup NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1961 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 1961 3 David David NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1961 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1961 5 20 20 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1961 6 March March NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1961 7 2013 2013 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1961 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1961 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1962 1 How how WRB en-wikipedia-org-1664 1962 2 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1962 3 Became become VBD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1962 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 1962 5 Global Global NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1962 6 Language Language NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1962 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1963 1 Palgrave Palgrave NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1963 2 Macmillan Macmillan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1963 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1964 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1964 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1964 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1964 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1964 5 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1964 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1964 7 137 137 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1964 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1964 9 30306 30306 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1964 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1964 11 6 6 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1964 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1965 1 Retrieved retrieve VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1965 2 25 25 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1965 3 March March NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1965 4 2015 2015 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1965 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1966 1 Lay Lay NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1966 2 summary summary NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1966 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1966 4 25 25 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1966 5 March March NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1966 6 2015 2015 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1966 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1966 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1967 1 O'Dwyer O'Dwyer NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1967 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 1967 3 Bernard Bernard NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1967 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1967 5 2006 2006 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1967 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1967 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1968 1 Modern modern JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 1968 2 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1968 3 Structures Structures NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1664 1968 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 1968 5 second second JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 1968 6 edition edition NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1968 7 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1664 1968 8 Form form NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1968 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 1968 10 Function function NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1968 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 1968 12 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 1968 13 Position position NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1968 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1969 1 Broadview Broadview NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1969 2 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1969 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1970 1 Office office NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1970 2 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1970 3 National National NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1970 4 Statistics Statistics NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1664 1970 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1970 6 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1970 7 March March NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1970 8 2013 2013 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1970 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1970 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1971 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1664 1971 2 Language Language NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1971 3 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1971 4 England England NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1971 5 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 1971 6 Wales Wales NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1971 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 1971 8 2011 2011 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1971 9 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1664 1971 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1972 1 2011 2011 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1972 2 Census Census NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1972 3 Analysis Analysis NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1972 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1973 1 Retrieved retrieve VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1973 2 16 16 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1973 3 December December NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1973 4 2014 2014 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1973 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1974 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1664 1974 2 Oxford Oxford NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1974 3 Learner Learner NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1974 4 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-1664 1974 5 Dictionaries Dictionaries NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1664 1974 6 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1664 1974 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1975 1 Oxford Oxford NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1975 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1976 1 Retrieved retrieve VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1976 2 25 25 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1976 3 February February NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1976 4 2015 2015 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1976 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1977 1 Patrick Patrick NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1977 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 1977 3 P. P. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1977 4 L. L. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1977 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1977 6 2006a 2006a CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1977 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1977 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1978 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1664 1978 2 Jamaica Jamaica NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1978 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1664 1978 4 Language Language NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1978 5 Situation Situation NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1978 6 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1664 1978 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1979 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1979 2 Brown Brown NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1979 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 1979 4 Keith Keith NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1979 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1979 6 ed ed NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1979 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1979 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1979 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1980 1 Encyclopedia Encyclopedia NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 1980 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1980 3 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1980 4 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 1980 5 linguistics linguistics NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1980 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1981 1 Elsevier Elsevier NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1981 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1982 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1982 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1983 1 88–90 88–90 LS en-wikipedia-org-1664 1983 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1984 1 doi:10.1016 doi:10.1016 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1984 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-1664 1984 3 B0 B0 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1984 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1984 5 08 08 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1984 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1984 7 044854 044854 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1984 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1984 9 2/01760 2/01760 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1984 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1984 11 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1984 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1985 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1985 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1985 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1985 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1985 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1985 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1985 7 08 08 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1985 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1985 9 044299 044299 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1985 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1985 11 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1985 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1986 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1986 2 6 6 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1986 3 February February NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1986 4 2015 2015 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1986 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1987 1 Lay Lay NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1987 2 summary summary NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1987 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1987 4 6 6 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1987 5 February February NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1987 6 2015 2015 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1987 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1987 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1988 1 – – : en-wikipedia-org-1664 1988 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1988 3 via via IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1988 4 ScienceDirect ScienceDirect NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1988 5   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1988 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1988 7 Subscription subscription NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1988 8 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1988 9 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 1988 10 required require VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1988 11 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 1988 12 content content NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1988 13 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1988 14 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 1988 15 available available JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 1988 16 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1988 17 libraries library NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 1988 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1988 19 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1989 1 Patrick Patrick NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1989 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 1989 3 P. P. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1989 4 L. L. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1989 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1989 6 2006b 2006b CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1989 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1989 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1990 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1664 1990 2 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1990 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 1990 4 African african JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 1990 5 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1990 6 American american JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 1990 7 Vernacular Vernacular NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1990 8 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1664 1990 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1991 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1991 2 Brown Brown NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1991 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 1991 4 Keith Keith NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1991 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1991 6 ed ed NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1991 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1991 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1991 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1992 1 Encyclopedia Encyclopedia NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 1992 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1992 3 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1992 4 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 1992 5 linguistics linguistics NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1992 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1993 1 Elsevier Elsevier NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1993 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1994 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1994 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1995 1 159–163 159–163 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1995 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1996 1 doi:10.1016 doi:10.1016 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1996 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-1664 1996 3 B0 B0 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1996 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1996 5 08 08 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1996 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1996 7 044854 044854 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1996 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1996 9 2/05092 2/05092 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1996 10 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-1664 1996 11 6 6 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1996 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1997 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1997 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1997 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1997 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1997 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1997 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1997 7 08 08 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1997 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1997 9 044299 044299 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1997 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 1997 11 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1997 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1998 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1998 2 6 6 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1998 3 February February NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1998 4 2015 2015 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1998 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 1999 1 Lay Lay NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1999 2 summary summary NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 1999 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1999 4 6 6 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1999 5 February February NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 1999 6 2015 2015 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 1999 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 1999 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 2000 1 – – : en-wikipedia-org-1664 2000 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2000 3 via via IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2000 4 ScienceDirect ScienceDirect NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2000 5   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2000 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 2000 7 Subscription subscription NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2000 8 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2000 9 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 2000 10 required require VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2000 11 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 2000 12 content content NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2000 13 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2000 14 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 2000 15 available available JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 2000 16 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2000 17 libraries library NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 2000 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 2000 19 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 2001 1 Payne Payne NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2001 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 2001 3 John John NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2001 4 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1664 2001 5 Huddleston Huddleston NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2001 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 2001 7 Rodney Rodney NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2001 8 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 2001 9 2002 2002 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2001 10 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 2001 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 2002 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1664 2002 2 5 5 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2002 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 2003 1 Nouns noun NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 2003 2 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 2003 3 noun noun JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 2003 4 phrases phrase NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 2003 5 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1664 2003 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 2004 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2004 2 Huddleston Huddleston NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2004 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 2004 4 R. R. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2004 5 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1664 2004 6 Pullum Pullum NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2004 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 2004 8 G. G. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2004 9 K. K. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2005 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 2005 2 eds eds NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2005 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 2005 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 2005 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 2006 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 2006 2 Cambridge Cambridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2006 3 Grammar Grammar NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2006 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2006 5 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2006 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 2007 1 Cambridge Cambridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2007 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1664 2007 3 Cambridge Cambridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2007 4 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2007 5 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2007 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 2008 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2008 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 2009 1 323–522 323–522 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2009 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 2010 1 Phillipson Phillipson NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2010 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 2010 3 Robert Robert NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2010 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 2010 5 28 28 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2010 6 April April NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2010 7 2004 2004 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2010 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 2010 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 2011 1 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2011 2 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 2011 3 Only only RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 2011 4 Europe Europe NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2011 5 ? ? . en-wikipedia-org-1664 2012 1 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1664 2012 2 Challenging Challenging NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2012 3 Language Language NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2012 4 Policy Policy NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2012 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 2013 1 Routledge Routledge NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2013 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 2014 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2014 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2014 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2014 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 2014 5 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2014 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 2014 7 134 134 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2014 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 2014 9 44349 44349 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2014 10 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-1664 2014 11 9 9 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2014 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 2015 1 Retrieved retrieve VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2015 2 15 15 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2015 3 February February NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2015 4 2015 2015 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2015 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 2016 1 Richter Richter NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2016 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 2016 3 Ingo Ingo NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2016 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 2016 5 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2016 6 January January NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2016 7 2012 2012 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2016 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 2016 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 2017 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1664 2017 2 Introduction introduction NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2017 3 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1664 2017 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 2018 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2018 2 Richter Richter NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2018 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 2018 4 Dagmar Dagmar NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2018 5 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1664 2018 6 Richter Richter NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2018 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 2018 8 Ingo Ingo NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2018 9 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1664 2018 10 Toivanen Toivanen NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2018 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 2018 12 Reeta Reeta NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2018 13 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1664 2018 14 et et NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2018 15   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2018 16 al al NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2018 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 2019 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 2019 2 eds eds NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2019 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 2019 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 2019 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 2020 1 Language Language NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2020 2 Rights Rights NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1664 2020 3 Revisited revisit VBD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2020 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1664 2020 5 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 2020 6 challenge challenge NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2020 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2020 8 global global JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 2020 9 migration migration NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2020 10 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 2020 11 communication communication NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2020 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 2021 1 BWV BWV NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2021 2 Verlag Verlag NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2021 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 2022 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2022 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2022 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2022 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 2022 5 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2022 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 2022 7 8305 8305 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2022 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 2022 9 2809 2809 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2022 10 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-1664 2022 11 8 8 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2022 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 2023 1 Retrieved retrieve VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2023 2 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2023 3 April April NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2023 4 2015 2015 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2023 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 2024 1 Roach Roach NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2024 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 2024 3 Peter Peter NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2024 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 2024 5 2009 2009 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2024 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 2024 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 2025 1 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2025 2 Phonetics Phonetics NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1664 2025 3 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 2025 4 Phonology Phonology NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2025 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 2025 6 4th 4th NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2025 7   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2025 8 ed ed NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2025 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 2025 10 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 2025 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 2026 1 Cambridge Cambridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2026 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 2027 1 Robinson Robinson NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2027 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 2027 3 Orrin Orrin NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2027 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 2027 5 1992 1992 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2027 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 2027 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 2028 1 Old old JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 2028 2 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2028 3 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 2028 4 Its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1664 2028 5 Closest close JJS en-wikipedia-org-1664 2028 6 Relatives relative NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 2028 7 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1664 2028 8 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 2028 9 Survey Survey NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2028 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2028 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 2028 12 Earliest early JJS en-wikipedia-org-1664 2028 13 Germanic Germanic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2028 14 Languages Languages NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1664 2028 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 2029 1 Stanford Stanford NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2029 2 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2029 3 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2029 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 2030 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2030 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2030 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2030 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 2030 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2030 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 2030 7 8047 8047 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2030 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 2030 9 2221 2221 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2030 10 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-1664 2030 11 6 6 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2030 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 2031 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2031 2 5 5 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2031 3 April April NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2031 4 2015 2015 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2031 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 2032 1 Lay Lay NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2032 2 summary summary NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2032 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 2032 4 5 5 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2032 5 April April NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2032 6 2015 2015 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2032 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 2032 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 2033 1 Romaine Romaine NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2033 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 2033 3 Suzanne Suzanne NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2033 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 2033 5 1982 1982 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2033 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 2033 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 2034 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1664 2034 2 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2034 3 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2034 4 Scotland Scotland NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2034 5 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1664 2034 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 2035 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2035 2 Bailey Bailey NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2035 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 2035 4 Richard Richard NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2035 5 W. W. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2035 6 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1664 2035 7 Görlach Görlach NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2035 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 2035 9 Manfred Manfred NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2035 10 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 2035 11 eds eds NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2035 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 2035 13 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 2035 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 2036 1 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2036 2 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2036 3 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 2036 4 World World NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2036 5 Language Language NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2036 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 2037 1 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2037 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2037 3 Michigan Michigan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2037 4 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2037 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 2038 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2038 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 2039 1 56–83 56–83 LS en-wikipedia-org-1664 2039 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 2040 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2040 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2040 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2040 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 2040 5 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2040 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 2040 7 12 12 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2040 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 2040 9 533872 533872 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2040 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 2040 11 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2040 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 2041 1 Romaine Romaine NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2041 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 2041 3 Suzanne Suzanne NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2041 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 2041 5 1999 1999 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2041 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 2041 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 2042 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1664 2042 2 Chapter chapter NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2042 3 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2042 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1664 2042 5 Introduction introduction NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2042 6 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1664 2042 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 2043 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2043 2 Romaine Romaine NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2043 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 2043 4 Suzanne Suzanne NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2043 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 2043 6 ed ed NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2043 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 2043 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 2043 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 2044 1 Cambridge Cambridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2044 2 History History NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2044 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2044 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 2044 5 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2044 6 Language Language NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2044 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 2045 1 IV IV NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2045 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1664 2045 3 1776–1997 1776–1997 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2045 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 2046 1 Cambridge Cambridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2046 2 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2046 3 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2046 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 2047 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2047 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 2048 1 01–56 01–56 LS en-wikipedia-org-1664 2048 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 2049 1 doi:10.1017 doi:10.1017 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2049 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-1664 2049 3 CHOL9780521264778.002 CHOL9780521264778.002 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2049 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 2050 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2050 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2050 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2050 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 2050 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2050 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 2050 7 521 521 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2050 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 2050 9 26477 26477 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2050 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 2050 11 8 8 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2050 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 2051 1 Romaine Romaine NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2051 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 2051 3 S. S. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2051 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 2051 5 2006 2006 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2051 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 2051 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 2052 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1664 2052 2 Language Language NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2052 3 Policy Policy NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2052 4 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2052 5 Multilingual Multilingual NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2052 6 Educational Educational NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2052 7 Contexts Contexts NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2052 8 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1664 2052 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 2053 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2053 2 Brown Brown NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2053 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 2053 4 Keith Keith NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2053 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 2053 6 ed ed NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2053 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 2053 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 2053 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 2054 1 Encyclopedia Encyclopedia NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 2054 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2054 3 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2054 4 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 2054 5 linguistics linguistics NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2054 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 2055 1 Elsevier Elsevier NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2055 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 2056 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2056 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 2057 1 584–596 584–596 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2057 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 2058 1 doi:10.1016 doi:10.1016 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2058 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-1664 2058 3 B0 B0 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2058 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 2058 5 08 08 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2058 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 2058 7 044854 044854 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2058 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 2058 9 2/00646 2/00646 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2058 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 2058 11 5 5 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2058 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 2059 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2059 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2059 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2059 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 2059 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2059 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 2059 7 08 08 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2059 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 2059 9 044299 044299 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2059 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 2059 11 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2059 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 2060 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2060 2 6 6 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2060 3 February February NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2060 4 2015 2015 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2060 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 2061 1 Lay Lay NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2061 2 summary summary NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2061 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 2061 4 6 6 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2061 5 February February NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2061 6 2015 2015 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2061 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 2061 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 2062 1 – – : en-wikipedia-org-1664 2062 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2062 3 via via IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2062 4 ScienceDirect ScienceDirect NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2062 5   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2062 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 2062 7 Subscription subscription NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2062 8 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2062 9 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 2062 10 required require VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2062 11 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 2062 12 content content NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2062 13 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2062 14 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 2062 15 available available JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 2062 16 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2062 17 libraries library NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 2062 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 2062 19 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 2063 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1664 2063 2 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 2063 3 Routes Routes NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1664 2063 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2063 5 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2063 6 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1664 2063 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 2064 1 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2064 2 August August NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2064 3 2015 2015 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2064 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 2065 1 Rowicka Rowicka NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2065 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 2065 3 G. G. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2065 4 J. J. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2066 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 2066 2 2006 2006 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2066 3 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 2066 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 2067 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1664 2067 2 Canada Canada NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2067 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1664 2067 4 Language Language NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2067 5 Situation Situation NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2067 6 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1664 2067 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 2068 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2068 2 Brown Brown NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2068 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 2068 4 Keith Keith NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2068 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 2068 6 ed ed NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2068 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 2068 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 2068 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 2069 1 Encyclopedia Encyclopedia NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 2069 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2069 3 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2069 4 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 2069 5 linguistics linguistics NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2069 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 2070 1 Elsevier Elsevier NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2070 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 2071 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2071 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 2072 1 194–195 194–195 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2072 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 2073 1 doi:10.1016 doi:10.1016 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2073 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-1664 2073 3 B0 B0 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2073 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 2073 5 08 08 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2073 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 2073 7 044854 044854 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2073 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 2073 9 2/01848 2/01848 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2073 10 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-1664 2073 11 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2073 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 2074 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2074 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2074 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2074 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 2074 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2074 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 2074 7 08 08 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2074 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 2074 9 044299 044299 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2074 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 2074 11 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2074 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 2075 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2075 2 6 6 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2075 3 February February NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2075 4 2015 2015 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2075 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 2076 1 Lay Lay NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2076 2 summary summary NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2076 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 2076 4 6 6 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2076 5 February February NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2076 6 2015 2015 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2076 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 2076 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 2077 1 – – : en-wikipedia-org-1664 2077 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2077 3 via via IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2077 4 ScienceDirect ScienceDirect NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2077 5   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2077 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 2077 7 Subscription subscription NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2077 8 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2077 9 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 2077 10 required require VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2077 11 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 2077 12 content content NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2077 13 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2077 14 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 2077 15 available available JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 2077 16 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2077 17 libraries library NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 2077 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 2077 19 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 2078 1 Rubino Rubino NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2078 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 2078 3 C. C. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2078 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 2078 5 2006 2006 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2078 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 2078 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 2079 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1664 2079 2 Philippines Philippines NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1664 2079 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1664 2079 4 Language language NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2079 5 Situation Situation NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2079 6 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1664 2079 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 2080 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2080 2 Brown Brown NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2080 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 2080 4 Keith Keith NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2080 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 2080 6 ed ed NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2080 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 2080 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 2080 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 2081 1 Encyclopedia Encyclopedia NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 2081 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2081 3 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2081 4 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 2081 5 linguistics linguistics NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2081 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 2082 1 Elsevier Elsevier NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2082 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 2083 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2083 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 2084 1 323–326 323–326 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2084 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 2085 1 doi:10.1016 doi:10.1016 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2085 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-1664 2085 3 B0 B0 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2085 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 2085 5 08 08 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2085 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 2085 7 044854 044854 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2085 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 2085 9 2/01736 2/01736 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2085 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 2085 11 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2085 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 2086 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2086 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2086 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2086 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 2086 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2086 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 2086 7 08 08 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2086 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 2086 9 044299 044299 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2086 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 2086 11 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2086 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 2087 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2087 2 6 6 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2087 3 February February NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2087 4 2015 2015 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2087 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 2088 1 Lay Lay NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2088 2 summary summary NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2088 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 2088 4 6 6 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2088 5 February February NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2088 6 2015 2015 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2088 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 2088 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 2089 1 – – : en-wikipedia-org-1664 2089 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2089 3 via via IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2089 4 ScienceDirect ScienceDirect NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2089 5   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2089 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 2089 7 Subscription subscription NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2089 8 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2089 9 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 2089 10 required require VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2089 11 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 2089 12 content content NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2089 13 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2089 14 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 2089 15 available available JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 2089 16 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2089 17 libraries library NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 2089 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 2089 19 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 2090 1 Ryan Ryan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2090 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 2090 3 Camille Camille NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2090 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 2090 5 August August NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2090 6 2013 2013 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2090 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 2090 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 2091 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1664 2091 2 Language Language NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2091 3 Use Use NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2091 4 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2091 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 2091 6 United United NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2091 7 States States NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2091 8 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1664 2091 9 2011 2011 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2091 10 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1664 2091 11 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 2091 12 PDF PDF NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2091 13 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 2091 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 2092 1 American American NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2092 2 Community Community NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2092 3 Survey Survey NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2092 4 Reports report VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 2092 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 2093 1 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2093 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2093 3 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2093 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 2094 1 Archived archived JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 2094 2 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2094 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 2094 4 original original JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 2094 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 2094 6 PDF PDF NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2094 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 2094 8 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2094 9 5 5 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2094 10 February February NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2094 11 2016 2016 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2094 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 2095 1 Retrieved retrieve VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2095 2 16 16 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2095 3 December December NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2095 4 2014 2014 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2095 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 2096 1 Sailaja Sailaja NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2096 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 2096 3 Pingali Pingali NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2096 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 2096 5 2009 2009 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2096 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 2096 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 2097 1 Indian Indian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2097 2 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2097 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 2098 1 Dialects dialect NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 2098 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2098 3 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2098 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 2099 1 Edinburgh Edinburgh NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2099 2 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2099 3 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2099 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 2100 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2100 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2100 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2100 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 2100 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2100 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 2100 7 7486 7486 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2100 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 2100 9 2595 2595 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2100 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 2100 11 6 6 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2100 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 2101 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2101 2 5 5 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2101 3 April April NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2101 4 2015 2015 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2101 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 2102 1 Lay Lay NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2102 2 summary summary NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2102 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 2102 4 5 5 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2102 5 April April NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2102 6 2015 2015 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2102 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 2102 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 2103 1 Schiffrin Schiffrin NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2103 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 2103 3 Deborah Deborah NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2103 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 2103 5 1988 1988 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2103 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 2103 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 2104 1 Discourse Discourse NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2104 2 Markers Markers NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1664 2104 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 2105 1 Studies study NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 2105 2 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2105 3 Interactional Interactional NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2105 4 Sociolinguistics Sociolinguistics NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2105 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 2106 1 Cambridge Cambridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2106 2 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2106 3 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2106 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 2107 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2107 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2107 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2107 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 2107 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2107 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 2107 7 521 521 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2107 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 2107 9 35718 35718 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2107 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 2107 11 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2107 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 2108 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2108 2 5 5 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2108 3 April April NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2108 4 2015 2015 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2108 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 2109 1 Lay Lay NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2109 2 summary summary NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2109 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 2109 4 5 5 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2109 5 April April NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2109 6 2015 2015 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2109 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 2109 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 2110 1 Schneider schneider NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2110 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 2110 3 Edgar Edgar NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2110 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 2110 5 2007 2007 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2110 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 2110 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 2111 1 Postcolonial postcolonial JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 2111 2 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2111 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1664 2111 4 Varieties variety NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 2111 5 Around around IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2111 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 2111 7 World World NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2111 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 2112 1 Cambridge Cambridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2112 2 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2112 3 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2112 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 2113 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2113 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2113 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2113 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 2113 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2113 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 2113 7 521 521 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2113 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 2113 9 53901 53901 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2113 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 2113 11 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2113 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 2114 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2114 2 5 5 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2114 3 April April NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2114 4 2015 2015 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2114 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 2115 1 Lay Lay NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2115 2 summary summary NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2115 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 2115 4 5 5 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2115 5 April April NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2115 6 2015 2015 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2115 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 2115 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 2116 1 Schönweitz Schönweitz NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2116 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 2116 3 Thomas Thomas NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2116 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 2116 5 2001 2001 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2116 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 2116 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 2117 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1664 2117 2 Gender Gender NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2117 3 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 2117 4 Postvocalic Postvocalic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2117 5 /r/ /r/ NFP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2117 6 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2117 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 2117 8 American American NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2117 9 South South NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2117 10 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1664 2117 11 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 2117 12 Detailed Detailed NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2117 13 Socioregional Socioregional NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2117 14 Analysis Analysis NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2117 15 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1664 2117 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 2118 1 American American NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2118 2 Speech Speech NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2118 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 2119 1 76 76 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2119 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 2119 3 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2119 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 2119 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1664 2119 6 259–285 259–285 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2119 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 2120 1 doi:10.1215/00031283 doi:10.1215/00031283 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2120 2 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 2120 3 76 76 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2120 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 2120 5 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2120 6 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-1664 2120 7 259 259 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2120 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 2121 1 S2CID S2CID NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 2121 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2121 3 144403823 144403823 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2121 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 2122 1 Shaywitz Shaywitz NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2122 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 2122 3 Sally Sally NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2122 4 E. E. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2122 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 2122 6 2003 2003 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2122 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 2122 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 2123 1 Overcoming Overcoming NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2123 2 Dyslexia Dyslexia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2123 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1664 2123 4 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 2123 5 New new JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 2123 6 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 2123 7 Complete Complete NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2123 8 Science Science NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2123 9 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 2123 10 based base VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2123 11 Program Program NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2123 12 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2123 13 Reading Reading NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2123 14 Problems problem NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 2123 15 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2123 16 Any any DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 2123 17 Level Level NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2123 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 2124 1 A.A. A.A. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2124 2 Knopf Knopf NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2124 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 2125 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2125 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2125 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2125 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 2125 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2125 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 2125 7 375 375 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2125 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 2125 9 40012 40012 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2125 10 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-1664 2125 11 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2125 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 2126 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2126 2 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2126 3 April April NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2126 4 2015 2015 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2126 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 2127 1 Lay Lay NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2127 2 summary summary NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2127 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 2127 4 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2127 5 April April NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2127 6 2015 2015 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2127 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 2127 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 2128 1 Sheidlower Sheidlower NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2128 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 2128 3 Jesse Jesse NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2128 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 2128 5 10 10 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2128 6 April April NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2128 7 2006 2006 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2128 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 2128 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 2129 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1664 2129 2 How how WRB en-wikipedia-org-1664 2129 3 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 2129 4 words word NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 2129 5 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2129 6 there there RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 2129 7 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2129 8 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2129 9 ? ? . en-wikipedia-org-1664 2129 10 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1664 2129 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 2130 1 Retrieved retrieve VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2130 2 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2130 3 April April NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2130 4 2015 2015 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2130 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 2131 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 2131 2 problem problem NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2131 3 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2131 4 trying try VBG en-wikipedia-org-1664 2131 5 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1664 2131 6 number number VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 2131 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 2131 8 words word NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 2131 9 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2131 10 any any DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 2131 11 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2131 12 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 2131 13 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2131 14 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2131 15 's be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 2131 16 very very RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 2131 17 hard hard JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 2131 18 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1664 2131 19 agree agree VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 2131 20 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2131 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 2131 22 basics basic NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 2131 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 2132 1 For for IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2132 2 example example NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2132 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 2132 4 what what WP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2132 5 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 2132 6 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 2132 7 word word NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2132 8 ? ? . en-wikipedia-org-1664 2133 1 Scheler Scheler NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2133 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 2133 3 Manfred Manfred NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2133 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 2133 5 1977 1977 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2133 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 2133 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 2134 1 Der Der NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2134 2 englische englische NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2134 3 Wortschatz Wortschatz NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2134 4 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 2134 5 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2134 6 Vocabulary Vocabulary NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2134 7 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 2134 8 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 2134 9 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2134 10 German German NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2134 11 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 2134 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 2135 1 Berlin Berlin NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2135 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1664 2135 3 E. E. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2135 4 Schmidt Schmidt NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2135 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 2136 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2136 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2136 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2136 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 2136 5 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2136 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 2136 7 503 503 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2136 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 2136 9 01250 01250 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2136 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 2136 11 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2136 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 2137 1 Smith Smith NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2137 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 2137 3 Jeremy Jeremy NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2137 4 J. J. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2138 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 2138 2 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2138 3 April April NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2138 4 2009 2009 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2138 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 2138 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 2139 1 Old old JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 2139 2 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2139 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1664 2139 4 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 2139 5 linguistic linguistic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 2139 6 introduction introduction NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2139 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 2140 1 Cambridge Cambridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2140 2 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2140 3 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2140 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 2141 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2141 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2141 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2141 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 2141 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2141 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 2141 7 521 521 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2141 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 2141 9 86677 86677 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2141 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 2141 11 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2141 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 2142 1 Statistics Statistics NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1664 2142 2 Canada Canada NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2142 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 2142 4 22 22 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2142 5 August August NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2142 6 2014 2014 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2142 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 2142 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 2143 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1664 2143 2 Population population NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2143 3 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2143 4 mother mother NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2143 5 tongue tongue NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2143 6 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 2143 7 age age NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2143 8 groups group NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 2143 9 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 2143 10 total total NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2143 11 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 2143 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 2143 13 2011 2011 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2143 14 counts count NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 2143 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 2143 16 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2143 17 Canada Canada NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2143 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 2143 19 provinces province NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 2143 20 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 2143 21 territories territory NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 2143 22 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1664 2143 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 2144 1 Retrieved retrieve VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2144 2 25 25 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2144 3 March March NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2144 4 2015 2015 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2144 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 2145 1 Statistics Statistics NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1664 2145 2 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2145 3 Zealand Zealand NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2145 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 2145 5 April April NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2145 6 2014 2014 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2145 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 2145 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 2146 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1664 2146 2 2013 2013 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2146 3 QuickStats QuickStats NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2146 4 About about IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2146 5 Culture Culture NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2146 6 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 2146 7 Identity Identity NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2146 8 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1664 2146 9 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 2146 10 PDF PDF NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2146 11 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 2146 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 2147 1 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2147 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2147 3 23 23 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2147 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 2148 1 Archived archived JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 2148 2 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2148 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 2148 4 original original JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 2148 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 2148 6 PDF PDF NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2148 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 2148 8 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2148 9 15 15 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2148 10 January January NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2148 11 2015 2015 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2148 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 2149 1 Retrieved retrieve VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2149 2 25 25 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2149 3 March March NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2149 4 2015 2015 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2149 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 2150 1 Lehohla Lehohla NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2150 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 2150 3 Pali Pali NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2150 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 2150 5 ed ed NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2150 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 2151 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 2151 2 2012 2012 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2151 3 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 2151 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 2152 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1664 2152 2 Population population NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2152 3 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2152 4 first first JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 2152 5 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2152 6 spoken speak VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2152 7 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 2152 8 province province NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2152 9 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1664 2152 10 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 2152 11 PDF PDF NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2152 12 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 2152 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 2153 1 Census Census NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2153 2 2011 2011 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2153 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1664 2153 4 Census Census NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2153 5 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2153 6 Brief Brief NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2153 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 2153 8 PDF PDF NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2153 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 2153 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 2154 1 Pretoria pretoria NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2154 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1664 2154 3 Statistics Statistics NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2154 4 South South NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2154 5 Africa Africa NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2154 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 2155 1 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2155 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2155 3 23 23 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2155 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 2156 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2156 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2156 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2156 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 2156 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2156 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 2156 7 621 621 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2156 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 2156 9 41388 41388 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2156 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 2156 11 5 5 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2156 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 2157 1 Report report VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 2157 2 No no UH en-wikipedia-org-1664 2157 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 2158 1 03‑01‑41 03‑01‑41 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2158 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 2159 1 Archived Archived NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2159 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 2159 3 PDF PDF NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2159 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 2159 5 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2159 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 2159 7 original original NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2159 8 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2159 9 13 13 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2159 10 November November NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2159 11 2015 2015 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2159 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 2160 1 Svartvik Svartvik NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2160 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 2160 3 Jan Jan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2160 4 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1664 2160 5 Leech Leech NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2160 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 2160 7 Geoffrey Geoffrey NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2160 8 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 2160 9 12 12 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2160 10 December December NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2160 11 2006 2006 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2160 12 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 2160 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 2161 1 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2161 2 – – : en-wikipedia-org-1664 2161 3 One one CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2161 4 Tongue Tongue NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2161 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 2161 6 Many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 2161 7 Voices voice NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 2161 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 2162 1 Palgrave Palgrave NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2162 2 Macmillan Macmillan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2162 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 2163 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2163 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2163 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2163 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 2163 5 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2163 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 2163 7 4039 4039 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2163 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 2163 9 1830 1830 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2163 10 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-1664 2163 11 7 7 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2163 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 2164 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2164 2 5 5 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2164 3 March March NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2164 4 2015 2015 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2164 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 2165 1 Lay Lay NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2165 2 summary summary NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2165 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 2165 4 16 16 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2165 5 March March NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2165 6 2015 2015 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2165 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 2165 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 2166 1 Swan Swan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2166 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 2166 3 M. M. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2166 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 2166 5 2006 2006 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2166 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 2166 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 2167 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1664 2167 2 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2167 3 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2167 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 2167 5 Present Present NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2167 6 Day Day NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2167 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 2167 8 Since since IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2167 9 ca ca NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2167 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 2168 1 1900 1900 LS en-wikipedia-org-1664 2168 2 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 2168 3 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1664 2168 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 2169 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2169 2 Brown Brown NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2169 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 2169 4 Keith Keith NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2169 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 2169 6 ed ed NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2169 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 2169 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 2169 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 2170 1 Encyclopedia Encyclopedia NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 2170 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2170 3 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2170 4 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 2170 5 linguistics linguistics NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2170 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 2171 1 Elsevier Elsevier NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2171 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 2172 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2172 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 2173 1 149–156 149–156 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2173 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 2174 1 doi:10.1016 doi:10.1016 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2174 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-1664 2174 3 B0 B0 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2174 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 2174 5 08 08 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2174 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 2174 7 044854 044854 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2174 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 2174 9 2/05058 2/05058 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2174 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 2174 11 6 6 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2174 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 2175 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2175 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2175 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2175 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 2175 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2175 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 2175 7 08 08 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2175 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 2175 9 044299 044299 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2175 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 2175 11 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2175 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 2176 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2176 2 6 6 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2176 3 February February NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2176 4 2015 2015 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2176 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 2177 1 Lay Lay NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2177 2 summary summary NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2177 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 2177 4 6 6 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2177 5 February February NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2177 6 2015 2015 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2177 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 2177 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 2178 1 – – : en-wikipedia-org-1664 2178 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2178 3 via via IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2178 4 ScienceDirect ScienceDirect NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2178 5   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2178 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 2178 7 Subscription subscription NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2178 8 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2178 9 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 2178 10 required require VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2178 11 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 2178 12 content content NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2178 13 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2178 14 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 2178 15 available available JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 2178 16 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2178 17 libraries library NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 2178 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 2178 19 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 2179 1 Sweet Sweet NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2179 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 2179 3 Henry Henry NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2179 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 2179 5 2014 2014 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2179 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 2179 7 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 2179 8 1892 1892 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2179 9 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 2179 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 2180 1 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 2180 2 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2180 3 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2180 4 Grammar Grammar NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2180 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 2181 1 Cambridge Cambridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2181 2 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2181 3 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2181 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 2182 1 Thomas Thomas NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2182 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 2182 3 Erik Erik NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2182 4 R. R. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2182 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 2182 6 2008 2008 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2182 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 2182 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 2183 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1664 2183 2 Rural rural JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 2183 3 Southern southern JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 2183 4 white white JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 2183 5 accents accent NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 2183 6 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1664 2183 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 2184 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2184 2 Edgar Edgar NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2184 3 W. W. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2184 4 Schneider Schneider NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2184 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 2184 6 ed ed NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2184 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 2184 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 2184 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 2185 1 Varieties Varieties NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2185 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2185 3 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2185 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 2186 1 2 2 LS en-wikipedia-org-1664 2186 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1664 2186 3 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 2186 4 Americas Americas NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1664 2186 5 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 2186 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 2186 7 Caribbean Caribbean NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2186 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 2187 1 de de NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2187 2 Gruyter Gruyter NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2187 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 2188 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2188 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 2189 1 87–114 87–114 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2189 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 2190 1 doi:10.1515/9783110208405.1.87 doi:10.1515/9783110208405.1.87 PRP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2190 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 2191 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2191 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2191 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2191 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 2191 5 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2191 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 2191 7 11 11 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2191 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 2191 9 020840 020840 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2191 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 2191 11 5 5 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2191 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 2192 1 Thomason Thomason NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2192 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 2192 3 Sarah Sarah NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2192 4 G. G. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2192 5 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1664 2192 6 Kaufman Kaufman NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2192 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 2192 8 Terrence Terrence NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2192 9 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 2192 10 1988 1988 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2192 11 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 2192 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 2193 1 Language Language NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2193 2 Contact Contact NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2193 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 2193 4 Creolization Creolization NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2193 5 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 2193 6 Genetic Genetic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2193 7 Linguistics Linguistics NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1664 2193 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 2194 1 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2194 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2194 3 California California NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2194 4 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2194 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 2195 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2195 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2195 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2195 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 2195 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2195 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 2195 7 520 520 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2195 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 2195 9 91279 91279 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2195 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 2195 11 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2195 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 2196 1 Todd Todd NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2196 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 2196 3 Loreto Loreto NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2196 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 2196 5 1982 1982 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2196 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 2196 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 2197 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1664 2197 2 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 2197 3 English english JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 2197 4 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2197 5 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2197 6 West West NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2197 7 Africa Africa NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2197 8 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1664 2197 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 2198 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2198 2 Bailey Bailey NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2198 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 2198 4 Richard Richard NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2198 5 W. W. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2198 6 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1664 2198 7 Görlach Görlach NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2198 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 2198 9 Manfred Manfred NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2198 10 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 2198 11 eds eds NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2198 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 2198 13 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 2198 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 2199 1 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2199 2 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2199 3 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 2199 4 World World NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2199 5 Language Language NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2199 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 2200 1 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2200 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2200 3 Michigan Michigan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2200 4 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2200 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 2201 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2201 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 2202 1 281–305 281–305 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2202 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 2203 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2203 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2203 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2203 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 2203 5 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2203 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 2203 7 12 12 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2203 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 2203 9 533872 533872 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2203 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 2203 11 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2203 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 2204 1 Toon Toon NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2204 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 2204 3 Thomas Thomas NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2204 4 E. E. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2204 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 2204 6 1982 1982 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2204 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 2204 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 2205 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1664 2205 2 Variation Variation NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2205 3 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2205 4 Contemporary Contemporary NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2205 5 American American NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2205 6 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2205 7 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1664 2205 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 2206 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2206 2 Bailey Bailey NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2206 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 2206 4 Richard Richard NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2206 5 W. W. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2206 6 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1664 2206 7 Görlach Görlach NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2206 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 2206 9 Manfred Manfred NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2206 10 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 2206 11 eds eds NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2206 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 2206 13 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 2206 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 2207 1 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2207 2 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2207 3 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 2207 4 World World NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2207 5 Language Language NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2207 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 2208 1 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2208 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2208 3 Michigan Michigan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2208 4 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2208 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 2209 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2209 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 2210 1 210–250 210–250 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2210 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 2211 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2211 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2211 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2211 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 2211 5 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2211 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 2211 7 12 12 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2211 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 2211 9 533872 533872 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2211 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 2211 11 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2211 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 2212 1 Toon Toon NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2212 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 2212 3 Thomas Thomas NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2212 4 E. E. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2212 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 2212 6 1992 1992 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2212 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 2212 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 2213 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1664 2213 2 Old Old NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2213 3 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2213 4 Dialects Dialects NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1664 2213 5 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1664 2213 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 2214 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2214 2 Hogg Hogg NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2214 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 2214 4 Richard Richard NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2214 5 M. M. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2215 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 2215 2 ed ed NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2215 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 2215 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 2215 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 2216 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 2216 2 Cambridge Cambridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2216 3 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2216 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2216 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 2216 6 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2216 7 Language Language NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2216 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 2217 1 1 1 LS en-wikipedia-org-1664 2217 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1664 2217 3 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 2217 4 Beginnings Beginnings NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1664 2217 5 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2217 6 1066 1066 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2217 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 2218 1 Cambridge Cambridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2218 2 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2218 3 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2218 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 2219 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2219 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 2220 1 409–451 409–451 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2220 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 2221 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2221 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2221 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2221 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 2221 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2221 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 2221 7 521 521 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2221 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 2221 9 26474 26474 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2221 10 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-1664 2221 11 7 7 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2221 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 2222 1 Trask Trask NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2222 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 2222 3 Larry Larry NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2222 4 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1664 2222 5 Trask Trask NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2222 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 2222 7 Robert Robert NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2222 8 Lawrence Lawrence NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2222 9 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 2222 10 January January NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2222 11 2010 2010 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2222 12 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 2222 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 2223 1 Why why WRB en-wikipedia-org-1664 2223 2 Do do VBP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2223 3 Languages language NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 2223 4 Change change VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 2223 5 ? ? . en-wikipedia-org-1664 2223 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 2224 1 Cambridge Cambridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2224 2 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2224 3 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2224 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 2225 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2225 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2225 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2225 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 2225 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2225 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 2225 7 521 521 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2225 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 2225 9 83802 83802 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2225 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 2225 11 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2225 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 2226 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2226 2 5 5 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2226 3 March March NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2226 4 2015 2015 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2226 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 2227 1 Trudgill Trudgill NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2227 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 2227 3 Peter Peter NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2227 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 2227 5 1999 1999 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2227 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 2227 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 2228 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 2228 2 Dialects Dialects NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1664 2228 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2228 4 England England NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2228 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 2228 6 2nd 2nd NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2228 7   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2228 8 ed ed NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2228 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 2228 10 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 2228 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 2229 1 Oxford Oxford NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2229 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1664 2229 3 Blackwell Blackwell NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2229 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 2230 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2230 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2230 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2230 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 2230 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2230 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 2230 7 631 631 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2230 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 2230 9 21815 21815 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2230 10 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-1664 2230 11 9 9 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2230 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 2231 1 Lay Lay NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2231 2 summary summary NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2231 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 2231 4 27 27 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2231 5 March March NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2231 6 2015 2015 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2231 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 2231 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 2232 1 Trudgill Trudgill NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2232 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 2232 3 P. P. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2232 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 2232 5 2006 2006 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2232 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 2232 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 2233 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1664 2233 2 Accent Accent NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2233 3 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1664 2233 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 2234 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2234 2 Brown Brown NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2234 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 2234 4 Keith Keith NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2234 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 2234 6 ed ed NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2234 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 2234 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 2234 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 2235 1 Encyclopedia Encyclopedia NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 2235 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2235 3 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2235 4 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 2235 5 linguistics linguistics NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2235 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 2236 1 Elsevier Elsevier NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2236 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 2237 1 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2237 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2237 3 14 14 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2237 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 2237 5 doi:10.1016 doi:10.1016 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2237 6 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-1664 2237 7 B0 B0 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2237 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 2237 9 08 08 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2237 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 2237 11 044854 044854 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2237 12 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 2237 13 2/01506 2/01506 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2237 14 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-1664 2237 15 6 6 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2237 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 2238 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2238 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2238 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2238 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 2238 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2238 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 2238 7 08 08 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2238 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 2238 9 044299 044299 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2238 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 2238 11 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2238 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 2239 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2239 2 6 6 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2239 3 February February NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2239 4 2015 2015 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2239 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 2240 1 Lay Lay NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2240 2 summary summary NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2240 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 2240 4 6 6 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2240 5 February February NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2240 6 2015 2015 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2240 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 2240 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 2241 1 – – : en-wikipedia-org-1664 2241 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2241 3 via via IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2241 4 ScienceDirect ScienceDirect NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2241 5   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2241 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 2241 7 Subscription subscription NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2241 8 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2241 9 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 2241 10 required require VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2241 11 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 2241 12 content content NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2241 13 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2241 14 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 2241 15 available available JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 2241 16 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2241 17 libraries library NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 2241 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 2241 19 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 2242 1 Trudgill Trudgill NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2242 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 2242 3 Peter Peter NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2242 4 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1664 2242 5 Hannah Hannah NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2242 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 2242 7 Jean Jean NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2242 8 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 2242 9 2002 2002 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2242 10 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 2242 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 2243 1 International International NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2243 2 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2243 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1664 2243 4 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 2243 5 Guide Guide NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2243 6 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2243 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 2243 8 Varieties Varieties NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2243 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2243 10 Standard Standard NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2243 11 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2243 12 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 2243 13 4th 4th NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2243 14   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2243 15 ed ed NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2243 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 2243 17 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 2243 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 2244 1 London London NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2244 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1664 2244 3 Hodder Hodder NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2244 4 Education Education NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2244 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 2245 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2245 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2245 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2245 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 2245 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2245 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 2245 7 340 340 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2245 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 2245 9 80834 80834 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2245 10 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-1664 2245 11 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2245 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 2246 1 Trudgill Trudgill NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2246 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 2246 3 Peter Peter NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2246 4 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1664 2246 5 Hannah Hannah NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2246 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 2246 7 Jean Jean NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2246 8 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 2246 9 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2246 10 January January NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2246 11 2008 2008 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2246 12 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 2246 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 2247 1 International International NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2247 2 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2247 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1664 2247 4 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 2247 5 Guide Guide NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2247 6 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2247 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 2247 8 Varieties Varieties NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2247 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2247 10 Standard Standard NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2247 11 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2247 12 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 2247 13 5th 5th JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 2247 14   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2247 15 ed ed NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2247 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 2247 17 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 2247 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 2248 1 London London NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2248 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1664 2248 3 Arnold Arnold NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2248 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 2249 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2249 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2249 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2249 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 2249 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2249 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 2249 7 340 340 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2249 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 2249 9 97161 97161 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2249 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 2249 11 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2249 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 2250 1 Archived archived JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 2250 2 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2250 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 2250 4 original original NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2250 5 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2250 6 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2250 7 April April NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2250 8 2015 2015 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2250 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 2251 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2251 2 26 26 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2251 3 March March NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2251 4 2015 2015 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2251 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 2252 1 Lay Lay NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2252 2 summary summary NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2252 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 2252 4 26 26 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2252 5 March March NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2252 6 2015 2015 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2252 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 2252 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 2253 1 United United NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2253 2 Nations Nations NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2253 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 2253 4 2008 2008 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2253 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 2253 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 2254 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1664 2254 2 Everything everything NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2254 3 You -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2254 4 Always always RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 2254 5 Wanted want VBD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2254 6 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1664 2254 7 Know know VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 2254 8 About about IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2254 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 2254 10 United United NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2254 11 Nations Nations NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1664 2254 12 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1664 2254 13 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 2254 14 PDF PDF NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2254 15 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 2254 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 2255 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2255 2 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2255 3 April April NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2255 4 2015 2015 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2255 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 2256 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 2256 2 working working NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2256 3 languages language NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 2256 4 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2256 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 2256 6 UN UN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2256 7 Secretariat Secretariat NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2256 8 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2256 9 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2256 10 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 2256 11 French French NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2256 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 2257 1 Wardhaugh Wardhaugh NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2257 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 2257 3 Ronald Ronald NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2257 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 2257 5 2010 2010 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2257 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 2257 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 2258 1 An an DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 2258 2 Introduction introduction NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2258 3 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2258 4 Sociolinguistics sociolinguistic NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 2258 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 2259 1 Blackwell Blackwell NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2259 2 textbooks textbook VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 2259 3 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2259 4 Linguistics Linguistics NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2259 5 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1664 2259 6 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2259 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 2259 8 Sixth Sixth NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2259 9   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2259 10 ed ed NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2259 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 2259 12 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 2259 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 2260 1 Wiley Wiley NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2260 2 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 2260 3 Blackwell Blackwell NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2260 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 2261 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2261 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2261 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2261 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 2261 5 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2261 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 2261 7 4051 4051 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2261 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 2261 9 8668 8668 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2261 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 2261 11 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2261 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 2262 1 Watts Watts NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2262 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 2262 3 Richard Richard NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2262 4 J. J. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2263 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 2263 2 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2263 3 March March NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2263 4 2011 2011 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2263 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 2263 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 2264 1 Language Language NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2264 2 Myths Myths NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2264 3 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 2264 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 2264 5 History History NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2264 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2264 7 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2264 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 2265 1 Oxford Oxford NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2265 2 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2265 3 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2265 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 2266 1 doi:10.1093 doi:10.1093 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2266 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-1664 2266 3 acprof acprof NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2266 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1664 2266 5 oso/9780195327601.001.0001 oso/9780195327601.001.0001 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2266 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 2267 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2267 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2267 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2267 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 2267 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2267 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 2267 7 19 19 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2267 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 2267 9 532760 532760 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2267 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 2267 11 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2267 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 2268 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2268 2 10 10 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2268 3 March March NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2268 4 2015 2015 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2268 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 2269 1 Lay Lay NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2269 2 summary summary NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2269 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 2269 4 10 10 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2269 5 March March NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2269 6 2015 2015 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2269 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 2269 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 2270 1 Wells Wells NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2270 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 2270 3 John John NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2270 4 C. C. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2270 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 2270 6 1982 1982 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2270 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 2270 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 2271 1 Accents accent NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 2271 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2271 3 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2271 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 2272 1 Volume volume NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2272 2 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2272 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1664 2272 4 An an DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 2272 5 Introduction introduction NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2272 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 2272 7 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2272 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 2273 1 i i PRP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2273 2 – – : en-wikipedia-org-1664 2273 3 xx xx NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2273 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 2273 5 1–278 1–278 JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 2273 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 2273 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 2273 8 Volume volume NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2273 9 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2273 10 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1664 2273 11 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 2273 12 British British NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2273 13 Isles Isles NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1664 2273 14 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 2273 15 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2273 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 2274 1 i i PRP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2274 2 – – : en-wikipedia-org-1664 2274 3 xx xx NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2274 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 2274 5 279–466 279–466 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2274 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 2274 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 2274 8 Volume volume NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2274 9 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2274 10 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1664 2274 11 Beyond beyond IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2274 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 2274 13 British British NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2274 14 Isles Isles NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1664 2274 15 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 2274 16 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2274 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 2275 1 i i PRP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2275 2 – – : en-wikipedia-org-1664 2275 3 xx xx NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2275 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 2275 5 467–674 467–674 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2275 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 2275 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 2276 1 Cambridge Cambridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2276 2 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2276 3 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2276 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 2277 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2277 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2277 3 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2277 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 2277 5 52129719 52129719 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2277 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 2277 7 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2277 8   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2277 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 2277 10 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2277 11 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 2277 12 52128540 52128540 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2277 13 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 2277 14 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2277 15   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2277 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 2277 17 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2277 18 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 2277 19 52128541 52128541 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2277 20 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 2277 21 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2277 22   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2277 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 2278 1 Wojcik Wojcik NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2278 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 2278 3 R. R. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2278 4 H. H. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2278 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 2278 6 2006 2006 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2278 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 2278 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 2279 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1664 2279 2 Controlled Controlled NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2279 3 Languages Languages NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1664 2279 4 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1664 2279 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 2280 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2280 2 Brown Brown NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2280 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 2280 4 Keith Keith NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2280 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 2280 6 ed ed NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2280 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 2280 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 2280 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 2281 1 Encyclopedia Encyclopedia NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 2281 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2281 3 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2281 4 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 2281 5 linguistics linguistics NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2281 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 2282 1 Elsevier Elsevier NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2282 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 2283 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2283 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 2284 1 139–142 139–142 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2284 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 2285 1 doi:10.1016 doi:10.1016 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2285 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-1664 2285 3 B0 B0 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2285 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 2285 5 08 08 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2285 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 2285 7 044854 044854 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2285 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 2285 9 2/05081 2/05081 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2285 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 2285 11 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2285 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 2286 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2286 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2286 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2286 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 2286 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2286 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 2286 7 08 08 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2286 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 2286 9 044299 044299 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2286 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 2286 11 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2286 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 2287 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2287 2 6 6 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2287 3 February February NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2287 4 2015 2015 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2287 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 2288 1 Lay Lay NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2288 2 summary summary NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2288 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 2288 4 6 6 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2288 5 February February NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2288 6 2015 2015 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2288 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 2288 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 2289 1 – – : en-wikipedia-org-1664 2289 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2289 3 via via IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2289 4 ScienceDirect ScienceDirect NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2289 5   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2289 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 2289 7 Subscription subscription NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2289 8 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2289 9 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 2289 10 required require VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2289 11 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 2289 12 content content NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2289 13 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2289 14 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 2289 15 available available JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 2289 16 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2289 17 libraries library NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 2289 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 2289 19 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 2290 1 Wolfram Wolfram NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2290 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 2290 3 W. W. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2290 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 2290 5 2006 2006 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2290 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 2290 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 2291 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1664 2291 2 Variation Variation NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2291 3 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 2291 4 Language Language NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2291 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1664 2291 6 Overview Overview NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2291 7 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1664 2291 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 2292 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2292 2 Brown Brown NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2292 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 2292 4 Keith Keith NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2292 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 2292 6 ed ed NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2292 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 2292 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 2292 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 2293 1 Encyclopedia Encyclopedia NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 2293 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2293 3 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2293 4 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 2293 5 linguistics linguistics NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2293 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 2294 1 Elsevier Elsevier NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2294 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 2295 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2295 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 2296 1 333–341 333–341 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2296 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 2297 1 doi:10.1016 doi:10.1016 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2297 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-1664 2297 3 B0 B0 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2297 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 2297 5 08 08 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2297 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 2297 7 044854 044854 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2297 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 2297 9 2/04256 2/04256 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2297 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 2297 11 5 5 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2297 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 2298 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2298 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2298 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2298 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 2298 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2298 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 2298 7 08 08 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2298 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 2298 9 044299 044299 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2298 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 2298 11 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2298 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 2299 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2299 2 6 6 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2299 3 February February NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2299 4 2015 2015 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2299 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 2300 1 Lay Lay NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2300 2 summary summary NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2300 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 2300 4 6 6 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2300 5 February February NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2300 6 2015 2015 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2300 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 2300 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 2301 1 – – : en-wikipedia-org-1664 2301 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2301 3 via via IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2301 4 ScienceDirect ScienceDirect NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2301 5   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2301 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 2301 7 Subscription subscription NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2301 8 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2301 9 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 2301 10 required require VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2301 11 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 2301 12 content content NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2301 13 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2301 14 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 2301 15 available available JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 2301 16 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2301 17 libraries library NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 2301 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 2301 19 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 1 External external JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 2 links link NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 3 English english JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 4 languageat languageat IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 5 Wikipedia Wikipedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 6 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 7 sister sister NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 8 projects project VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 9 Definitions definition NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 10 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 11 Wiktionary Wiktionary NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 12 Media Media NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 13 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 14 Wikimedia Wikimedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 15 Commons Commons NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 16 Quotations Quotations NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 17 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 18 Wikiquote Wikiquote NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 19 Textbooks Textbooks NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 20 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 21 Wikibooks Wikibooks NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 22 Resources Resources NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 23 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 24 Wikiversity Wikiversity NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 25 Data Data NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 26 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 27 Wikidata Wikidata NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 28 Accents Accents NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 29 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 30 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 31 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 32 Around around IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 33 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 34 World World NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 35 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 36 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 37 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 38 Edinburgh Edinburgh NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 39 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 40 Sound sound JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 41 files file NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 42 comparing compare VBG en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 43 how how WRB en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 44 110 110 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 45 words word NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 46 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 47 pronounced pronounce VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 48 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 49 50 50 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 50 English english JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 51 accents accent NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 52 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 53 around around IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 54 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 55 world world NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 56 International International NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 57 Dialects Dialects NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 58 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 59 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 60 Archive Archive NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 61 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 62 recordings recording NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 63 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 64 English english JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 65 dialects dialect NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 66 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 67 international international JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 68 L2 l2 JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 69 accents accent NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 70 v v IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 71 t t NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 72 e e NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 73 Description description NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 74 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 75 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 76 English english JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 77 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 78 Grammar Grammar NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 79 Phonology Phonology NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 80 Stress Stress NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 81 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 82 reduced reduce VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 83 vowels vowel NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 84 Orthography Orthography NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 85 Spelling Spelling NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 86 reform reform NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 87 Alphabet Alphabet NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 88 Braille Braille NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 89 Dialects Dialects NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 90 Language Language NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 91 history history NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 92 Phonological phonological JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 93 history history NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 94 v v NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 95 t t NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 96 e e NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 97 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 98 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 99 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 100 Proto Proto NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 101 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 102 Indo Indo NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 103 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 104 European European NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 105 Proto Proto NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 106 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 107 Germanic Germanic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 108 Proto Proto NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 109 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 110 West West NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 111 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 112 Germanic Germanic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 113 Anglo anglo JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 114 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 115 Frisian frisian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 116 languages language VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 117 Old Old NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 118 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 119 Kentish Kentish NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 120 Mercian mercian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 121 Northumbrian Northumbrian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 122 West West NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 123 Saxon Saxon NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 124 Anglo anglo JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 125 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 126 Norman norman JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 127 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 128 Middle Middle NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 129 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 130 Early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 131 Modern Modern NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 132 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 133 Modern modern JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 134 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 135 Phonological Phonological NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 136 history history NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 137 Vowels vowel VBG en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 138 Great Great NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 139 Vowel Vowel NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 140 Shift Shift NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 141 Open open JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 142 unrounded unrounded JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 143 vowels vowel NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 144 Open open VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 145 back back RP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 146 vowels vowel NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 147 Close close VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 148 back back RP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 149 vowels vowels NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 150 Close close JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 151 front front NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 152 vowels vowel NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 153 Diphthongs Diphthongs NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 154 Changes Changes NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 155 before before IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 156 historic historic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 157 /l/ /l/ . en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 158 Changes change NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 159 before before IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 160 historic historic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 161 /r/ /r/ . en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 162 Trisyllabic trisyllabic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 163 laxing laxe VBG en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 164 Consonants Consonants NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 165 Rhoticity Rhoticity NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 166 Flapping Flapping NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 167 T t NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 168 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 169 glottalization glottalization NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 170 L l NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 171 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 172 vocalization vocalization NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 173 Consonant Consonant NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 174 clusters cluster NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 175 H h NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 176 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 177 dropping drop VBG en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 178 Wh Wh NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 179 Th Th NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 180 Th th NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 181 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 182 fronting front VBG en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 183 Th Th NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 184 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 185 stopping stop VBG en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 186 v v NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 187 t t NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 188 e e NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 189 Dialects Dialects NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 190 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 191 accents accent NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 192 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 193 Modern Modern NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 194 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 195 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 196 continent continent NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 197 Europe Europe NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 198 Great Great NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 199 Britain Britain NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 200 England England NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 201 North North NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 202 Cheshire Cheshire NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 203 Cumbria Cumbria NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 204 Barrow Barrow NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 205 Lancashire Lancashire NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 206 Liverpool Liverpool NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 207 Manchester Manchester NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 208 Northumbria Northumbria NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 209 Pitmatic Pitmatic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 210 Sunderland Sunderland NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 211 Tyneside Tyneside NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 212 Yorkshire Yorkshire NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 213 Midlands midland VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 214 East east NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 215 Midlands midland VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 216 West West NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 217 Midlands midland VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 218 Birmingham Birmingham NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 219 Black Black NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 220 Country Country NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 221 Stoke Stoke NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 222 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 223 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 224 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 225 Trent Trent NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 226 South South NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 227 Cockney Cockney NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 228 East East NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 229 Anglia Anglia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 230 Norfolk Norfolk NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 231 Suffolk Suffolk NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 232 Multicultural Multicultural NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 233 London London NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 234 Received receive VBD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 235 Pronunciation Pronunciation NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 236 Surrey Surrey NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 237 Sussex Sussex NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 238 Thames Thames NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 239 Estuary Estuary NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 240 West West NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 241 Country Country NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 242 Cornwall Cornwall NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 243 Dorset Dorset NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 244 Scotland Scotland NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 245 Glasgow Glasgow NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 246 Highlands highland VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 247 Wales Wales NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 248 Abercraf Abercraf NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 249 Cardiff Cardiff NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 250 Gower Gower NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 251 Port Port NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 252 Talbot Talbot NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 253 Ireland Ireland NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 254 Dublin Dublin NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 255 South South NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 256 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 257 West West NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 258 Ulster Ulster NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 259 Channel Channel NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 260 Islands Islands NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 261 Continental Continental NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 262 Europe Europe NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 263 Gibraltar Gibraltar NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 264 Isle Isle NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 265 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 266 Man Man NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 267 Americas Americas NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 268 North North NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 269 America America NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 270 Canada Canada NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 271 Aboriginal Aboriginal NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 272 Atlantic Atlantic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 273 Lunenburg Lunenburg NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 274 Newfoundland Newfoundland NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 275 Quebec Quebec NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 276 Standard Standard NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 277 Central Central NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 278 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 279 Western Western NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 280 Ottawa Ottawa NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 281 Valley Valley NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 282 Pacific Pacific NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 283 Northwest Northwest NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 284 United United NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 285 States States NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 286 Mid Mid NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 287 - - NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 288 Atlantic Atlantic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 289 Baltimore Baltimore NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 290 Philadelphia Philadelphia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 291 Midland Midland NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 292 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 293 England England NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 294 Boston Boston NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 295 Eastern Eastern NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 296 Maine Maine NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 297 Western Western NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 298 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 299 York York NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 300 City City NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 301 accent accent NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 302 North North NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 303 Inland Inland NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 304 North North NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 305 North North NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 306 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 307 Central Central NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 308 Upper Upper NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 309 Peninsula Peninsula NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 310 South South NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 311 Appalachia Appalachia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 312 High High NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 313 Tider Tider NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 314 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 315 Orleans Orleans NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 316 Older old JJR en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 317 Texas Texas NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 318 West West NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 319 California California NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 320 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 321 Mexico Mexico NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 322 Pacific Pacific NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 323 Northwest Northwest NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 324 Western Western NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 325 Pennsylvania Pennsylvania NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 326 Ethno Ethno NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 327 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 328 cultural cultural JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 329 African african JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 330 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 331 American american JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 332 Vernacular Vernacular NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 333 American American NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 334 Indian Indian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 335 Cajun Cajun NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 336 Chicano Chicano NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 337 General General NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 338 American American NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 339 Miami Miami NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 340 Latino Latino NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 341 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 342 York York NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 343 Latino Latino NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 344 Pennsylvania Pennsylvania NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 345 Dutch Dutch NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 346 Yeshiva Yeshiva NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 347 Caribbean caribbean VBP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 348 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 349 Bahamas Bahamas NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 350 Barbados Barbados NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 351 Cayman Cayman NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 352 Islands Islands NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 353 Bay Bay NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 354 Islands Islands NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 355 Jamaica Jamaica NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 356 Puerto Puerto NNP 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en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 397 Namibia Namibia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 398 Nigeria Nigeria NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 399 Sierra Sierra NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 400 Leone Leone NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 401 South South NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 402 Africa Africa NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 403 accent accent NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 404 Cape Cape NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 405 Flats Flats NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 406 South South NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 407 Atlantic Atlantic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 408 Uganda Uganda NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 409 Zimbabwe Zimbabwe NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 410 Asia Asia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 411 Bangladesh Bangladesh NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 412 Brunei Brunei NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 413 Hong Hong NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 414 Kong Kong NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 415 India India NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 416 regional regional JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 417 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 418 occupational occupational JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 419 Malaysia Malaysia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 420 Myanmar Myanmar NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 421 Nepal Nepal NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 422 Pakistan Pakistan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 423 Philippines Philippines NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 424 Singapore Singapore NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 425 Sri Sri NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 426 Lanka Lanka NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 427 Related Related NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 428 English english JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 429 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 430 American american JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 431 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 432 British british JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 433 English english JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 434 differences difference NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 435 Anglish Anglish NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 436 Basic basic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 437 E E NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 438 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 439 Prime Prime NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 440 Engrish Engrish NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 441 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 442 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 443 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 444 lingua lingua JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 445 franca franca JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 446 Globish Globish NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 447 International International NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 448 Mid Mid NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 449 - - NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 450 Atlantic Atlantic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 451 Non Non NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 452 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 453 native native JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 454 pronunciations pronunciation NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 455 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 456 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 457 Pidgin Pidgin NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 458 Plain Plain NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 459 Special Special NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 460 Standard Standard NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 461 v v NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 462 t t NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 463 e e NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 464 Germanic Germanic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 465 languages language NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 466 According accord VBG en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 467 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 468 contemporary contemporary JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 469 philology philology NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 470 West West NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 471 Germanic Germanic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 472 Anglo Anglo NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 473 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 474 Frisian frisian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 475 Anglic Anglic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 476 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 477 * * NFP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 478 dialects dialect VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 479 Yola Yola NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 480 Fingallian Fingallian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 481 Old Old NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 482 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 483 Middle Middle NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 484 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 485 Scots Scots NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 486 Early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 487 Scots scot NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 488 Middle Middle NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 489 Scots Scots NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 490 Frisian Frisian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 491 East East NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 492 Frisian Frisian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 493 Ems Ems NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 494 Saterland Saterland NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 495 Frisian Frisian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 496 Weser Weser NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 497 Wangerooge Wangerooge NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 498 Frisian Frisian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 499 Wursten Wursten NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 500 Frisian Frisian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 501 North North NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 502 Frisian Frisian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 503 Insular Insular NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 504 Eiderstedt Eiderstedt NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 505 Föhr Föhr NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 506 – – : en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 507 Amrum Amrum NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 508 Föhr Föhr NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 509 Amrum Amrum NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 510 Heligolandic Heligolandic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 511 Sylt Sylt NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 512 Mainland Mainland NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 513 Bökingharde Bökingharde NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 514 Mooring Mooring NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 515 Halligen Halligen NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 516 Goesharde Goesharde NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 517 Northern Northern NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 518 Central Central NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 519 Southern Southern NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 520 Karrharde Karrharde NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 521 Strand Strand NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 522 Wiedingharde Wiedingharde NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 523 West West NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 524 Frisian Frisian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 525 Hindeloopen Hindeloopen NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 526 Schiermonnikoog Schiermonnikoog NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 527 Westlauwers Westlauwers NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 528 – – : en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 529 Terschellings Terschellings NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 530 Mainland Mainland NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 531 West West NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 532 Frisian Frisian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 533 Clay Clay NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 534 Frisian Frisian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 535 Wood Wood NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 536 Frisian Frisian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 537 Westereendersk Westereendersk NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 538 Terschelling Terschelling NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 539 Old Old NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 540 Frisian Frisian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 541 Middle Middle NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 542 Frisian Frisian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 543 Low Low NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 544 German german JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 545 Historical historical JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 546 forms form NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 547 Old old JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 548 Saxon Saxon NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 549 Middle Middle NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 550 Low Low NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 551 German German NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 552 West West NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 553 Low low JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 554 German german JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 555 Dutch dutch JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 556 Low Low NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 557 Saxon Saxon NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 558 Stellingwarfs Stellingwarfs NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 559 Tweants Tweants NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 560 Gronings Gronings NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 561 Drèents Drèents NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 562 Gelders Gelders NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 563 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 564 Overijssels Overijssels NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 565 Achterhooks Achterhooks NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 566 Sallaans Sallaans NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 567 Urkers Urkers NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 568 Veluws Veluws NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 569 Northern Northern NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 570 Low Low NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 571 Saxon Saxon NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 572 East East NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 573 Frisian Frisian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 574 Low Low NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 575 Saxon Saxon NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 576 Schleswigsch Schleswigsch NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 577 Holsteinisch Holsteinisch NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 578 Hamburgisch Hamburgisch NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 579 Ollnborger Ollnborger NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 580 North North NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 581 Hanoveranian Hanoveranian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 582 Dithmarsch Dithmarsch NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 583 Emsländisch Emsländisch NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 584 Westphalian Westphalian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 585 Eastphalian Eastphalian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 586 East East NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 587 Low Low NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 588 German German NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 589 Mecklenburg Mecklenburg NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 590 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 591 Western western JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 592 Pomeranian pomeranian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 593 Mecklenburgish mecklenburgish JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 594 West West NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 595 Pomeranian Pomeranian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 596 Brandenburgisch Brandenburgisch NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 597 East East NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 598 Pomeranian Pomeranian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 599 – – : en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 600 West West NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 601 Prussian Prussian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 602 Western Western NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 603 East East NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 604 Pomeranian Pomeranian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 605 Eastern Eastern NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 606 East East NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 607 Pomeranian Pomeranian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 608 Bublitzisch Bublitzisch NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 609 Pommerellisch Pommerellisch NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 610 Central Central NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 611 Pomeranian Pomeranian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 612 West West NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 613 Central Central NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 614 Pomeranian Pomeranian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 615 Low Low NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 616 Prussian Prussian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 617 Mennonite Mennonite NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 618 Low Low NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 619 German German NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 620 Low low JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 621 Franconian franconian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 622 Standard standard JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 623 variants variant NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 624 Dutch dutch VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 625 * * NFP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 626 Frankish frankish JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 627 Old old JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 628 Dutch dutch JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 629 Middle middle NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 630 Dutch Dutch NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 631 Afrikaans Afrikaans NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 632 * * NFP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 633 West West NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 634 Low Low NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 635 Franconian Franconian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 636 Hollandic Hollandic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 637 West West NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 638 Flemish flemish JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 639 French french JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 640 Flemish Flemish NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 641 Zeelandic Zeelandic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 642 East East NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 643 Flemish flemish JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 644 Brabantian brabantian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 645 Surinamese surinamese JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 646 Dutch Dutch NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 647 Jersey Jersey NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 648 Dutch Dutch NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 649 Mohawk Mohawk NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 650 Dutch Dutch NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 651 Stadsfries Stadsfries NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 652 Bildts Bildts NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 653 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 654 Dutch Dutch NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 655 East East NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 656 Low Low NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 657 Franconian Franconian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 658 Meuse Meuse NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 659 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 660 Rhenish rhenish JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 661 Limburgish limburgish JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 662 Southeast Southeast NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 663 Limburgish limburgish JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 664 South South NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 665 Guelderish Guelderish NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 666 Transitional Transitional NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 667 Low Low NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 668 Dietsch Dietsch NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 669 High High NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 670 German german JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 671 Standard standard JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 672 variants variant NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 673 German german JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 674 * * NFP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 675 Namibian namibian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 676 German german JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 677 Namibian namibian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 678 Black black JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 679 German german JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 680 Brazilian brazilian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 681 German german JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 682 Unserdeutsch Unserdeutsch NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 683 Barossa Barossa NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 684 German German NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 685 Belgranodeutsch Belgranodeutsch NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 686 Parana Parana NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 687 Volga Volga NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 688 German german JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 689 Kiautschou Kiautschou NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 690 Pidgin Pidgin NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 691 German German NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 692 Old old JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 693 High high JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 694 German german JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 695 Middle middle JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 696 High high JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 697 German german JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 698 Early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 699 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 700 High high JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 701 German german JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 702 Yiddish yiddish JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 703 Eastern eastern JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 704 Western western JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 705 Litvish litvish JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 706 Poylish poylish JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 707 Ukrainish ukrainish JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 708 Galitzish Galitzish NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 709 Scots Scots NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 710 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 711 Alsatian Alsatian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 712 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 713 Klezmer Klezmer NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 714 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 715 loshn loshn NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 716 Ganovim Ganovim NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 717 Balagole Balagole NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 718 Katsoves Katsoves NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 719 Lachoudisch Lachoudisch NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 720 Yenish Yenish NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 721 Rotwelsch Rotwelsch NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 722 Lotegorisch Lotegorisch NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 723 Standard standard JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 724 German german JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 725 German german JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 726 Standard standard JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 727 German german JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 728 Austrian austrian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 729 Standard standard JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 730 German german JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 731 Swiss swiss JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 732 Standard standard JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 733 German german JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 734 Central central JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 735 German german JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 736 West west JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 737 Central central JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 738 German german JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 739 Central Central NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 740 Franconian franconian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 741 Ripuarian ripuarian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 742 Colognian colognian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 743 Moselle Moselle NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 744 Franconian Franconian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 745 Luxembourgish Luxembourgish NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 746 Transylvanian Transylvanian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 747 Saxon Saxon NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 748 Hunsrückisch Hunsrückisch NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 749 Hunsrik Hunsrik NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 750 Rhine Rhine NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 751 Franconian Franconian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 752 Lorraine Lorraine NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 753 Franconian Franconian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 754 Palatine Palatine NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 755 Volga Volga NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 756 German german JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 757 Pennsylvania Pennsylvania NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 758 German German NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 759 Hessian Hessian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 760 Amana Amana NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 761 East East NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 762 Central central JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 763 German german JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 764 Thuringian thuringian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 765 Upper Upper NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 766 Saxon Saxon NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 767 Ore Ore NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 768 Mountainian Mountainian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 769 Lusatian Lusatian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 770 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 771 Neumarkish Neumarkish NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 772 Berlinerisch Berlinerisch NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 773 Silesian silesian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 774 German german JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 775 High high JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 776 Prussian prussian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 777 Wymysorys wymysory NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 778 Halcnovian Halcnovian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 779 Prague Prague NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 780 German German NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 781 High High NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 782 Franconian Franconian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 783 South South NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 784 Franconian Franconian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 785 East East NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 786 Franconian Franconian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 787 Main Main NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 788 Franconian Franconian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 789 Vogtlandian vogtlandian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 790 Upper upper JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 791 German german JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 792 Alemannic alemannic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 793 Low Low NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 794 Alemannic Alemannic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 795 Alsatian Alsatian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 796 Coloniero Coloniero NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 797 High High NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 798 Alemannic alemannic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 799 Swiss swiss JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 800 German german JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 801 Highest highest JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 802 Alemannic Alemannic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 803 Walser Walser NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 804 German german JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 805 Swabian swabian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 806 Bavarian bavarian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 807 Northern northern JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 808 Bavarian Bavarian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 809 Central central JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 810 Bavarian bavarian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 811 Viennese viennese JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 812 German german JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 813 Southern southern JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 814 Bavarian Bavarian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 815 South South NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 816 Tyrolean Tyrolean NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 817 Cimbrian cimbrian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 818 Mòcheno Mòcheno NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 819 Hutterite Hutterite NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 820 German german JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 821 Langobardic Langobardic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 822 North North NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 823 Germanic Germanic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 824 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 825 East East NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 826 Germanic Germanic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 827 North North NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 828 Germanic Germanic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 829 Historical historical JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 830 forms form NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 831 Proto proto RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 832 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 833 Norse Norse NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 834 Old Old NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 835 Norse Norse NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 836 Old Old NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 837 West West NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 838 Norse Norse NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 839 Old Old NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 840 East East NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 841 Norse Norse NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 842 Old Old NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 843 Gutnish Gutnish NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 844 West West NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 845 Scandinavian scandinavian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 846 Norwegian Norwegian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 847 * * NFP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 848 Spoken Spoken NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 849 Bergensk Bergensk NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 850 Kebabnorsk Kebabnorsk NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 851 Sognamål Sognamål NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 852 Trøndersk Trøndersk NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 853 Valdris Valdris NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 854 Vestlandsk Vestlandsk NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 855 Vikværsk Vikværsk NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 856 Written Written NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 857 Bokmål Bokmål NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 858 Nynorsk Nynorsk NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 859 Old Old NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 860 Norwegian Norwegian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 861 Middle middle JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 862 Norwegian norwegian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 863 Insular insular JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 864 Scandinavian Scandinavian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 865 Faroese Faroese NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 866 Icelandic Icelandic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 867 Old old JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 868 Icelandic Icelandic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 869 Middle Middle NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 870 Icelandic Icelandic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 871 Gronlandsk Gronlandsk NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 872 Norn Norn NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 873 East East NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 874 Scandinavian Scandinavian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 875 Swedish Swedish NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 876 * * NFP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 877 Åland Åland NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 878 Estonian Estonian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 879 Finlandic Finlandic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 880 Gotlandic Gotlandic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 881 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 882 Gutnish Gutnish NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 883 Jämtlandic Jämtlandic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 884 Kalix Kalix NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 885 Kiruna Kiruna NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 886 Luleå Luleå NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 887 Norrland Norrland NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 888 Ostrobothnian Ostrobothnian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 889 Småländska Småländska NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 890 South South NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 891 Swedish swedish JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 892 Scanian Scanian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 893 Stockholm Stockholm NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 894 Rinkeby Rinkeby NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 895 Uppländska Uppländska NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 896 Västgötska Västgötska NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 897 Westrobothnian Westrobothnian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 898 Old Old NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 899 Swedish Swedish NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 900 Danish danish JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 901 * * NFP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 902 Bornholmsk Bornholmsk NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 903 Gøtudanskt Gøtudanskt NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 904 Insular Insular NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 905 Danish Danish NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 906 Jutlandic Jutlandic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 907 South south JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 908 Jutlandic Jutlandic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 909 Perkerdansk Perkerdansk NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 910 Old Old NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 911 Danish Danish NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 912 Middle Middle NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 913 Danish danish JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 914 Dalecarlian dalecarlian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 915 Elfdalian Elfdalian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 916 East East NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 917 Germanic Germanic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 918 Gothic Gothic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 919 Crimean Crimean NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 920 Gothic Gothic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 921 Burgundian Burgundian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 922 Vandalic Vandalic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 923 Philology Philology NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 924 Language Language NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 925 subgroups subgroup NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 926 North North NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 927 East East NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 928 West West NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 929 Elbe Elbe NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 930 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 931 Irminonic Irminonic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 932 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 933 Weser Weser NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 934 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 935 Rhine Rhine NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 936 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 937 Istvaeonic Istvaeonic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 938 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 939 North North NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 940 Sea Sea NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 941 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 942 Ingvaeonic Ingvaeonic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 943 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 944 Northwest Northwest NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 945 Gotho Gotho NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 946 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 947 Nordic Nordic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 948 South South NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 949 Reconstructed reconstruct VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 950 Proto Proto NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 951 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 952 Germanic Germanic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 953 Proto Proto NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 954 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 955 Germanic germanic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 956 grammar grammar NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 957 Germanic germanic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 958 parent parent NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 959 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 960 Ancient ancient JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 961 Belgian belgian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 962 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 963 Diachronic Diachronic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 964 features feature VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 965 Grimm Grimm NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 966 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 967 law law NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 968 Verner Verner NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 969 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 970 law law NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 971 Holtzmann Holtzmann NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 972 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 973 law law NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 974 Sievers Sievers NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 975 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 976 law law NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 977 Kluge Kluge NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 978 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 979 law law NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 980 Germanic Germanic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 981 substrate substrate NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 982 hypothesis hypothesis NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 983 West West NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 984 Germanic Germanic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 985 gemination gemination NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 986 High high JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 987 German german JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 988 consonant consonant NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 989 shift shift NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 990 Germanic Germanic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 991 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 992 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 993 mutation mutation CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 994 Germanic germanic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 995 umlaut umlaut NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 996 Germanic germanic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 997 spirant spirant NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 998 law law NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 999 Ingvaeonic ingvaeonic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 1000 nasal nasal NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 1001 spirant spirant JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 1002 law law NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 1003 Great Great NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 1004 Vowel Vowel NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 1005 Shift Shift NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 1006 Synchronic Synchronic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 1007 features feature VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 1008 Germanic germanic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 1009 verb verb NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 1010 Germanic Germanic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 1011 strong strong JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 1012 verb verb JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 1013 Germanic germanic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 1014 weak weak JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 1015 verb verb NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 1016 Preterite preterite NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 1017 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 1018 present present JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 1019 verb verb NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 1020 Grammatischer Grammatischer NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 1021 Wechsel Wechsel NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 1022 Indo indo JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 1023 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 1024 European european JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 1025 ablaut ablaut NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 1026 Italics italic NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 1027 indicate indicate VBP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 1028 extinct extinct JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 1029 languages language NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 1030 * * NFP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 1031 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 1032 asterisks asterisks NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 1033 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 1034 indicates indicate VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 1035 languages language NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 1036 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 1037 more more JJR en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 1038 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 1039 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 1040 million million CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 1041 speakers speaker NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 1042 Languages language NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 1043 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 1044 parentheses parenthesis NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 1045 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 1046 varieties variety NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 1047 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 1048 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 1049 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 1050 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 1051 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 1052 left left NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2302 1053 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 2303 1 v v NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2303 2 t t NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2303 3 e e NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2303 4 Dictionaries Dictionaries NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1664 2303 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2303 6 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2303 7 Old Old NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2303 8 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 2303 9 Middle Middle NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2303 10 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2303 11 An an DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 2303 12 Anglo Anglo NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2303 13 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 2303 14 Saxon Saxon NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2303 15 Dictionary Dictionary NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2303 16 Dictionary Dictionary NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2303 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2303 18 Old Old NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2303 19 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2303 20 Middle Middle NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2303 21 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2303 22 Dictionary Dictionary NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2303 23 Historic Historic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2303 24 Catholicon Catholicon NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2303 25 Anglicum Anglicum NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2303 26 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 2303 27 1483 1483 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2303 28 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 2303 29 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 2303 30 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2303 31 Schoole Schoole NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2303 32 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 2303 33 Master Master NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2303 34 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 2303 35 1596 1596 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2303 36 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 2303 37 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 2303 38 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2303 39 World World NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2303 40 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2303 41 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2303 42 Words Words NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1664 2303 43 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 2303 44 1658 1658 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2303 45 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 2303 46 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 2303 47 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2303 48 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2303 49 Dictionary Dictionary NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2303 50 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 2303 51 1702 1702 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2303 52 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 2303 53 An an DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 2303 54 Universal Universal NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2303 55 Etymological Etymological NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2303 56 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2303 57 Dictionary Dictionary NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2303 58 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 2303 59 1721 1721 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2303 60 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 2303 61 Johnson Johnson NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2303 62 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-1664 2303 63 A A NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2303 64 Dictionary Dictionary NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2303 65 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2303 66 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 2303 67 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2303 68 Language Language NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2303 69 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 2303 70 1755 1755 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2303 71 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 2303 72 Webster Webster NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2303 73 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-1664 2303 74 Dictionary Dictionary NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2303 75 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 2303 76 1828 1828 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2303 77 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 2303 78 Worcester Worcester NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2303 79 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-1664 2303 80 Dictionary Dictionary NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2303 81 Richardson Richardson NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2303 82 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-1664 2303 83 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2303 84 Dictionary Dictionary NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2303 85 Imperial Imperial NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2303 86 Dictionary Dictionary NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2303 87 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 2303 88 1847–1850 1847–1850 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2303 89 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 2303 90 Century Century NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2303 91 Dictionary Dictionary NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2303 92 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 2303 93 1889–1891 1889–1891 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2303 94 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 2303 95 American American NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2303 96 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2303 97 American American NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2303 98 Heritage Heritage NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2303 99 Dictionary Dictionary NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2303 100 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2303 101 American American NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2303 102 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2303 103 Dictionary Dictionary NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2303 104 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2303 105 American American NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2303 106 Regional Regional NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2303 107 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2303 108 Encarta Encarta NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2303 109 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2303 110 Oxford Oxford NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2303 111 American American NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2303 112 Oxford Oxford NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2303 113 American American NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2303 114 Random Random NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2303 115 House House NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2303 116 Webster Webster NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2303 117 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-1664 2303 118 Webster Webster NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2303 119 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-1664 2303 120 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2303 121 World World NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2303 122 Webster Webster NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2303 123 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-1664 2303 124 Third Third NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2303 125 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2303 126 International International NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2303 127 Dictionary Dictionary NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2303 128 World World NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2303 129 Book Book NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2303 130 Dictionary Dictionary NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2303 131 British British NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2303 132 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2303 133 Chambers Chambers NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1664 2303 134 Collins Collins NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2303 135 Oxford Oxford NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2303 136 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2303 137 Concise Concise NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2303 138 Oxford Oxford NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2303 139 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2303 140 Compact Compact NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2303 141 Oxford Oxford NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2303 142 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2303 143 Shorter Shorter NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2303 144 Oxford Oxford NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2303 145 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2303 146 Historical Historical NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2303 147 Thesaurus Thesaurus NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2303 148 Oxford Oxford NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2303 149 Dictionary Dictionary NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2303 150 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2303 151 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2303 152 Penguin Penguin NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2303 153 Canadian Canadian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2303 154 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2303 155 Canadian Canadian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2303 156 Oxford Oxford NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2303 157 Dictionary Dictionary NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2303 158 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2303 159 Canadianisms Canadianisms NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1664 2303 160 Gage Gage NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2303 161 Canadian Canadian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2303 162 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 2303 163 Full full JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 2303 164 list list NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2303 165 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 2303 166 Australian australian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 2303 167 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2303 168 Australian Australian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2303 169 National National NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2303 170 Australian Australian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2303 171 Oxford Oxford NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2303 172 Macquarie Macquarie NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2303 173 Online Online NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2303 174 Collaborative Collaborative NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2303 175 International International NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2303 176 Dictionary Dictionary NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2303 177 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2303 178 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2303 179 Urban Urban NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2303 180 Dictionary Dictionary NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2303 181 Wiktionary Wiktionary NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2303 182 Wordnik Wordnik NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2303 183 Learners Learners NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2303 184 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-1664 2303 185 ESL ESL NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2303 186 Cambridge Cambridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2303 187 Advanced Advanced NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2303 188 Learner Learner NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2303 189 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-1664 2303 190 Collins Collins NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2303 191 COBUILD COBUILD NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2303 192 Advanced Advanced NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2303 193 Longman Longman NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2303 194 Dictionary Dictionary NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2303 195 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2303 196 Contemporary Contemporary NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2303 197 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2303 198 Macmillan Macmillan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2303 199 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2303 200 Dictionary Dictionary NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2303 201 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2303 202 Advanced Advanced NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2303 203 Learners Learners NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1664 2303 204 Merriam Merriam NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2303 205 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 2303 206 Webster Webster NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2303 207 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-1664 2303 208 Advanced Advanced NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2303 209 Learner Learner NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2303 210 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-1664 2303 211 Oxford Oxford NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2303 212 Advanced Advanced NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2303 213 Learner Learner NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2303 214 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-1664 2303 215 v v NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2303 216 t t NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2303 217 e e NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2303 218 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2303 219 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 2303 220 speaking speak VBG en-wikipedia-org-1664 2303 221 world world NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2303 222 Click click VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 2303 223 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2303 224 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 2303 225 coloured coloured JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 2303 226 area area NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2303 227 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1664 2303 228 see see VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 2303 229 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 2303 230 article article NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2303 231 about about IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2303 232 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2303 233 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2303 234 that that DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 2303 235 country country NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2303 236 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 2303 237 region region VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 2303 238 Further further JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 2303 239 links link NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 2303 240 Articles Articles NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2303 241 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2303 242 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 2303 243 speaking speak VBG en-wikipedia-org-1664 2303 244 world world NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2303 245 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2303 246 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2303 247 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 2303 248 English english JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 2303 249 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2303 250 British British NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2303 251 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2303 252 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2303 253 in in IN 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en-wikipedia-org-1664 2303 275 official official JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 2303 276 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2303 277     _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2303 278 Countries Countries NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1664 2303 279 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 2303 280 territories territory NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 2303 281 where where WRB en-wikipedia-org-1664 2303 282 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2303 283 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 2303 284 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 2303 285 national national JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 2303 286 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2303 287 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 2303 288 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 2303 289 native native JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 2303 290 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2303 291 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2303 292 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 2303 293 majority majority NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2303 294 Africa Africa NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2303 295 Saint Saint NNP 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129 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 2304 130 align align NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2304 131 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2304 132 titlestyle titlestyle NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2304 133 Languages language NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 2304 134 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2304 135 ISO iso NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2304 136 639 639 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2304 137 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 2304 138 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2304 139 code code NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2304 140 Languages language NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 2304 141 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2304 142 ISO ISO NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2304 143 639 639 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2304 144 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-1664 2304 145 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2304 146 code code NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2304 147 ISO iso NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2304 148 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2304 149 articles article NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 2304 150 citing cite VBG en-wikipedia-org-1664 2304 151 sources 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171 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2304 172 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 2304 173 ca ca NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2304 174 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 1 450 450 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 2 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 3 1100)-language 1100)-language CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 4 text text NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 5 Articles article NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 6 containing contain VBG en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 7 Middle Middle NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 8 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 9 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 10 1100 1100 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 11 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 12 1500)-language 1500)-language CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 13 text text NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 14 Pages page NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 15 using use VBG en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 16 sfn sfn NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 17 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 18 unknown unknown JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 19 parameters parameter NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 20 Articles Articles NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 21 containing contain VBG en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 22 potentially potentially RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 23 dated date VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 24 statements statement NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 25 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 26 2016 2016 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 27 All all DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 28 articles article NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 29 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 30 specifically specifically RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 31 marked mark VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 32 weasel weasel NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 33 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 34 worded word VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 35 phrases phrase NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 36 Articles Articles NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 37 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 38 specifically specifically RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 39 marked mark VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 40 weasel weasel NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 41 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 42 worded word VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 43 phrases phrase NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 44 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 45 June June NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 46 2019 2019 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 47 Articles Articles NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 48 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 49 hAudio hAudio NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 50 microformats microformat VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 51 All all DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 52 articles article NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 53 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 54 unsourced unsourced JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 55 statements statement NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 56 Articles article NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 57 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 58 unsourced unsourced JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 59 statements statement NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 60 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 61 December December NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 62 2020 2020 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 63 Wikipedia Wikipedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 64 articles article NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 65 needing need VBG en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 66 clarification clarification NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 67 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 68 December December NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 69 2020 2020 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 70 Pages page NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 71 containing contain VBG en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 72 links link NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 73 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 74 subscription subscription NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 75 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 76 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 77 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 78 libraries library NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 79 content content NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 80 CS1 cs1 NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 81 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 82 long long JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 83 volume volume NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 84 value value NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 85 CS1 CS1 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 86 German german JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 87 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 88 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 89 sources source NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 90 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 91 de de NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 92 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 93 Pages Pages NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 94 using use VBG en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 95 Sister Sister NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 96 project project NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 97 links link NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 98 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 99 wikidata wikidata JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 100 namespace namespace NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 101 mismatch mismatch NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 102 Pages Pages NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 103 using use VBG en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 104 Sister Sister NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 105 project project NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 106 links link NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 107 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 108 hidden hide VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 109 wikidata wikidata JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 110 Wikipedia Wikipedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 111 articles article NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 112 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 113 BNF BNF NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 114 identifiers identifier NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 115 Wikipedia Wikipedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 116 articles article NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 117 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 118 GND GND NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 119 identifiers identifier NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 120 Wikipedia Wikipedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 121 articles article NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 122 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 123 HDS HDS NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 124 identifiers identifier NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 125 Wikipedia Wikipedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 126 articles article NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 127 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 128 LCCN LCCN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 129 identifiers identifier NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 130 Wikipedia Wikipedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 131 articles article NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 132 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 133 NDL NDL NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 134 identifiers identifier NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 135 Wikipedia Wikipedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 136 articles article NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 137 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 138 NLI NLI NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 139 identifiers identifier NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 140 Wikipedia Wikipedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 141 articles article NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 142 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 143 SUDOC SUDOC NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 144 identifiers identifier NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 145 Good good JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 146 articles article NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 147 Navigation Navigation NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 148 menu menu NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 149 Personal personal JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 150 tools tool NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 151 Not not RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 152 logged log VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 153 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 154 Talk Talk NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 155 Contributions Contributions NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 156 Create Create NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 157 account account NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 158 Log Log NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 159 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 160 Namespaces Namespaces NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 161 Article Article NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 162 Talk talk NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 163 Variants variant VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 164 Views view NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 165 Read read VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 166 View View NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 167 source source NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 168 View View NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 169 history history NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 170 More More JJR en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 171 Search Search NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 172 Navigation Navigation NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 173 Main Main NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 174 page page NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 175 Contents content VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 176 Current current JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 177 events event NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 178 Random random JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 179 article article NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 180 About about IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 181 Wikipedia Wikipedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 182 Contact Contact NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 183 us -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 184 Donate Donate NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 185 Contribute contribute NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 186 Help help NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 187 Learn learn VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 188 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 189 edit edit VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 190 Community community NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 191 portal portal JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 192 Recent recent JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 193 changes change NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 194 Upload upload JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 195 file file NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 196 Tools tool NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 197 What what WP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 198 links link NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 199 here here RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 200 Related relate VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 201 changes change VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 202 Upload upload JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 203 file file VBP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 204 Special special JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 205 pages page NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 206 Permanent permanent JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 207 link link NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 208 Page Page NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 209 information information NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 210 Cite cite VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 211 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 212 page page NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 213 Wikidata wikidata NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 214 item item NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 215 Print print NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 216 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 217 export export NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 218 Download Download NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 219 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 220 PDF PDF NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 221 Printable Printable NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 222 version version NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 223 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 224 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 225 projects project NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 226 Wikimedia Wikimedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 227 Commons Commons NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 228 Wikibooks wikibook VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 229 Wikiquote Wikiquote NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 230 Wikiversity Wikiversity NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 231 Languages Languages NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 232 Acèh Acèh NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 233 Адыгэбзэ Адыгэбзэ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 234 Адыгабзэ Адыгабзэ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 235 Afrikaans Afrikaans NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 236 Akan Akan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 237 Alemannisch Alemannisch NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 238 አማርኛ አማርኛ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 239 Anarâškielâ Anarâškielâ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 240 Ænglisc Ænglisc NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 241 Аҧсшәа Аҧсшәа NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 242 العربية العربية NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 243 Aragonés aragonés JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 244 ܐܪܡܝܐ ܐܪܡܝܐ NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 245 Արեւմտահայերէն Արեւմտահայերէն NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 246 Armãneashti Armãneashti NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 247 Arpetan Arpetan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 248 অসমীয়া অসমীয়া . en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 249 Asturianu Asturianu NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 250 अवधी अवधी . en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 251 Avañe'ẽ Avañe'ẽ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 252 Авар Авар NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 253 Aymar Aymar NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 254 aru aru NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 255 Azərbaycanca Azərbaycanca NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 256 تۆرکجه تۆرکجه NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 257 Basa Basa NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 258 Bali Bali NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 259 Bamanankan Bamanankan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 260 বাংলা বাংলা NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 261 Banjar Banjar NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 262 Bân Bân NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 263 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 264 lâm lâm NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 265 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 266 gú gú NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 267 Basa Basa NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 268 Banyumasan Banyumasan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 269 Башҡортса Башҡортса NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 270 Беларуская Беларуская NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 271 Беларуская Беларуская NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 272 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 273 тарашкевіца)‎ тарашкевіца)‎ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 274 भोजपुरी भोजपुरी FW en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 275 Bikol bikol VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 276 Central Central NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 277 Български Български NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 278 Boarisch Boarisch NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 279 བོད་ཡིག བོད་ཡིག NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 280 Bosanski Bosanski NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 281 Brezhoneg Brezhoneg NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 282 Буряад Буряад NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 283 Català Català NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 284 Чӑвашла Чӑвашла NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 285 Cebuano Cebuano NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 286 Čeština Čeština NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 287 Chavacano Chavacano NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 288 de de NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 289 Zamboanga Zamboanga NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 290 Chi Chi NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 291 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 292 Chewa Chewa NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 293 ChiShona ChiShona NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 294 Corsu Corsu NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 295 Cymraeg Cymraeg NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 296 Dansk Dansk NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 297 الدارجة الدارجة VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 298 Davvisámegiella Davvisámegiella NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 299 Deitsch Deitsch NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 300 Deutsch Deutsch NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 301 ދިވެހިބަސް ދިވެހިބަސް NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 302 Diné Diné NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 303 bizaad bizaad NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 304 Dolnoserbski Dolnoserbski NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 305 डोटेली डोटेली NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 306 ཇོང་ཁ ཇོང་ཁ : en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 307 Eesti Eesti NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 308 Ελληνικά Ελληνικά NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 309 Emiliàn Emiliàn NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 310 e e NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 311 rumagnòl rumagnòl NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 312 Эрзянь Эрзянь NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 313 Español Español NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 314 Esperanto Esperanto NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 315 Estremeñu Estremeñu NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 316 Euskara Euskara NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 317 Eʋegbe Eʋegbe NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 318 فارسی فارسی JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 319 Fiji Fiji NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 320 Hindi Hindi NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 321 Føroyskt Føroyskt NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 322 Français Français NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 323 Frysk Frysk NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 324 Furlan Furlan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 325 Gaeilge Gaeilge NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 326 Gaelg Gaelg NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 327 Gagauz Gagauz NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 328 Gàidhlig Gàidhlig NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 329 Galego Galego NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 330 ГӀалгӀай ГӀалгӀай NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 331 贛語 贛語 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 332 گیلکی گیلکی NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 333 ગુજરાતી ગુજરાતી NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 334 𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺 𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 335 गोंयची गोंयची NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 336 कोंकणी कोंकणी NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 337 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 338 Gõychi Gõychi NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 339 Konknni Konknni NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 340 客家語 客家語 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 341 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 342 Hak Hak NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 343 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 344 kâ kâ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 345 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 346 ngî ngî NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 347 Хальмг Хальмг NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 348 한국어 한국어 NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 349 Hausa Hausa NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 350 Hawaiʻi Hawaiʻi NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 351 Հայերեն Հայերեն NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 352 हिन्दी हिन्दी NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 353 Hornjoserbsce Hornjoserbsce NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 354 Hrvatski Hrvatski NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 355 Ido Ido NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 356 Igbo Igbo NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 357 Ilokano Ilokano NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 358 বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 359 মণিপুরী মণিপুরী NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 360 Bahasa Bahasa NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 361 Indonesia Indonesia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 362 Interlingua Interlingua NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 363 Interlingue Interlingue NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 364 ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ/inuktitut ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ/inuktitut NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 365 Ирон Ирон NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 366 IsiXhosa IsiXhosa NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 367 IsiZulu IsiZulu NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 368 Íslenska Íslenska NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 369 Italiano Italiano NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 370 עברית עברית NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 371 Jawa Jawa NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 372 Kabɩyɛ Kabɩyɛ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 373 Kalaallisut Kalaallisut NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 374 ಕನ್ನಡ ಕನ್ನಡ XX en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 375 Kapampangan Kapampangan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 376 Къарачай Къарачай NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 377 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 378 малкъар малкъар VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 379 ქართული ქართული NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 380 कॉशुर कॉशुर NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 381 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 382 کٲشُر کٲشُر NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 383 Kaszëbsczi Kaszëbsczi NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 384 Қазақша Қазақша NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 385 Kernowek Kernowek NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 386 Kinyarwanda Kinyarwanda NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 387 Kiswahili Kiswahili NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 388 Коми Коми NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 389 Kongo Kongo NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 390 Kreyòl Kreyòl NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 391 ayisyen ayisyen NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 392 Kriyòl Kriyòl NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 393 gwiyannen gwiyannen FW en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 394 Kurdî Kurdî NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 395 Кыргызча Кыргызча NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 396 Кырык Кырык NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 397 мары мары NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 398 Ladin Ladin NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 399 Ladino Ladino NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 400 Лакку Лакку NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 401 ລາວ ລາວ NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 402 Latgaļu Latgaļu NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 403 Latina Latina NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 404 Latviešu Latviešu NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 405 Lëtzebuergesch Lëtzebuergesch NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 406 Лезги Лезги NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 407 Lietuvių Lietuvių NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 408 Ligure Ligure NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 409 Limburgs Limburgs NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 410 Lingála Lingála NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 411 Lingua Lingua NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 412 Franca Franca NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 413 Nova Nova NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 414 Livvinkarjala Livvinkarjala NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 415 La La NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 416 .lojban .lojban NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2305 417 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 2306 1 Lumbaart Lumbaart NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2306 2 Magyar Magyar NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2306 3 मैथिली मैथिली CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2306 4 Македонски Македонски NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2306 5 Malagasy Malagasy NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2306 6 മലയാളം മലയാളം IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2306 7 Malti Malti NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2306 8 Māori Māori NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2306 9 मराठी मराठी VBP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2306 10 მარგალური მარგალური VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 2306 11 مصرى مصرى NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2306 12 ဘာသာ ဘာသာ . en-wikipedia-org-1664 2306 13 မန် မန် NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2306 14 مازِرونی مازِرونی NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2306 15 Bahasa Bahasa NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2306 16 Melayu Melayu NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2306 17 Minangkabau Minangkabau NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2306 18 Mìng Mìng NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2306 19 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 2306 20 dĕ̤ng dĕ̤ng NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2306 21 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 2306 22 ngṳ̄ ngṳ̄ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2306 23 Mirandés Mirandés NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2306 24 Мокшень Мокшень NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2306 25 Монгол Монгол NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2306 26 မြန်မာဘာသာ မြန်မာဘာသာ NFP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2306 27 Dorerin Dorerin NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2306 28 Naoero Naoero NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2306 29 Na Na NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2306 30 Vosa Vosa NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2306 31 Vakaviti Vakaviti NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2306 32 Nederlands Nederlands NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2306 33 Nedersaksies Nedersaksies NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1664 2306 34 Nēhiyawēwin Nēhiyawēwin NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2306 35 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-1664 2306 36 ᓀᐦᐃᔭᐍᐏᐣ ᓀᐦᐃᔭᐍᐏᐣ NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2306 37 नेपाली नेपाली NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2306 38 नेपाल नेपाल NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2306 39 भाषा भाषा VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 2306 40 日本語 日本語 NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2306 41 Napulitano Napulitano NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2306 42 Нохчийн Нохчийн NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2306 43 Nordfriisk Nordfriisk NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2306 44 Norfuk Norfuk NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2306 45 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-1664 2306 46 Pitkern Pitkern NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2306 47 Norsk Norsk NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2306 48 bokmål bokmål NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2306 49 Norsk Norsk NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2306 50 nynorsk nynorsk NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2306 51 Nouormand Nouormand NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2306 52 Novial Novial NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2306 53 Occitan Occitan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2306 54 Олык Олык VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 2306 55 марий марий JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 2306 56 ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଓଡ଼ିଆ NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2306 57 Oromoo Oromoo NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2306 58 Oshiwambo Oshiwambo NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2306 59 Oʻzbekcha/ўзбекча Oʻzbekcha/ўзбекча NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2306 60 ਪੰਜਾਬੀ ਪੰਜਾਬੀ CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2306 61 पालि पालि VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 2306 62 Pälzisch Pälzisch NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2306 63 Pangasinan Pangasinan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2306 64 پنجابی پنجابی NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2306 65 Papiamentu Papiamentu NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2306 66 پښتو پښتو NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2306 67 Patois Patois NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2306 68 Перем Перем NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2306 69 коми коми FW en-wikipedia-org-1664 2306 70 ភាសាខ្មែរ ភាសាខ្មែរ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2306 71 Picard Picard NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2306 72 Piemontèis Piemontèis NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2306 73 Tok Tok NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2306 74 Pisin Pisin NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2306 75 Plattdüütsch Plattdüütsch NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2306 76 Polski Polski NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2306 77 Português Português NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2306 78 Qaraqalpaqsha Qaraqalpaqsha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2306 79 Qırımtatarca Qırımtatarca NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2306 80 Reo Reo NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2306 81 tahiti tahiti NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2306 82 Ripoarisch Ripoarisch NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2306 83 Română Română NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2306 84 Rumantsch Rumantsch NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2306 85 Runa Runa NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2306 86 Simi Simi NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2306 87 Русиньскый Русиньскый NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2306 88 Русский Русский NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2306 89 Саха Саха NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2306 90 тыла тыла NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 2306 91 Gagana Gagana NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2306 92 Samoa Samoa NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2306 93 संस्कृतम् संस्कृतम् NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2306 94 Sängö Sängö NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2306 95 ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2306 96 Sardu Sardu NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2306 97 Scots Scots NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1664 2306 98 Seeltersk Seeltersk NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2306 99 Sesotho sesotho JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 2306 100 Sesotho Sesotho NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2306 101 sa sa NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2306 102 Leboa Leboa NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2306 103 Setswana Setswana NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2306 104 Shqip Shqip NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2306 105 Sicilianu Sicilianu NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2306 106 සිංහල සිංහල NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2306 107 Simple Simple NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2306 108 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2306 109 سنڌي سنڌي NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2306 110 SiSwati SiSwati NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2306 111 Slovenčina Slovenčina NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2306 112 Slovenščina Slovenščina NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2306 113 Словѣньскъ Словѣньскъ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2306 114 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-1664 2306 115 ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2306 116 Ślůnski Ślůnski NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2306 117 Soomaaliga Soomaaliga NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2306 118 کوردی کوردی VBD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2306 119 Sranantongo Sranantongo NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2306 120 Српски Српски NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2306 121 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-1664 2306 122 srpski srpski JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 2306 123 Srpskohrvatski Srpskohrvatski NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2306 124 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-1664 2306 125 српскохрватски српскохрватски JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 2306 126 Sunda Sunda NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2306 127 Suomi Suomi NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2306 128 Svenska Svenska NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2306 129 Tagalog Tagalog NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2306 130 தமிழ் தமிழ் , en-wikipedia-org-1664 2306 131 Taqbaylit Taqbaylit NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2306 132 Tarandíne Tarandíne NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2306 133 Татарча Татарча NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2306 134 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-1664 2306 135 tatarça tatarça NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 2306 136 ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2306 137 తెలుగు తెలుగు NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2306 138 ไทย ไทย NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2306 139 Тоҷикӣ Тоҷикӣ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2306 140 ᏣᎳᎩ ᏣᎳᎩ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2306 141 Tshivenda Tshivenda NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2306 142 ತುಳು ತುಳು NFP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2306 143 Türkçe Türkçe NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2306 144 Türkmençe Türkmençe NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2306 145 Twi Twi NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2306 146 Тыва Тыва NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2306 147 дыл дыл NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2306 148 Удмурт Удмурт NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2306 149 ᨅᨔ ᨅᨔ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2306 150 ᨕᨘᨁᨗ ᨕᨘᨁᨗ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2306 151 Українська Українська NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2306 152 اردو اردو NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2306 153 ئۇيغۇرچە ئۇيغۇرچە NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2306 154 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-1664 2306 155 Uyghurche Uyghurche NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2306 156 Vahcuengh Vahcuengh NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2306 157 Vèneto Vèneto NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2306 158 Vepsän Vepsän NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2306 159 kel kel NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2306 160 ’ ' '' en-wikipedia-org-1664 2306 161 Tiếng Tiếng NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2306 162 Việt Việt NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2306 163 Volapük Volapük NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2306 164 Võro Võro NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2306 165 Walon Walon NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2306 166 文言 文言 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2306 167 West West NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2306 168 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 2306 169 Vlams Vlams NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2306 170 Winaray Winaray NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2306 171 Wolof Wolof NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2306 172 吴语 吴语 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2306 173 Xitsonga Xitsonga NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2306 174 ייִדיש ייִדיש NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2306 175 Yorùbá Yorùbá NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2306 176 粵語 粵語 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2306 177 Zazaki Zazaki NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2306 178 Zeêuws Zeêuws NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2306 179 Žemaitėška Žemaitėška NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2306 180 中文 中文 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2306 181 Li Li NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2306 182 Niha Niha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2306 183 سرائیکی سرائیکی NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2306 184 Edit Edit NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2306 185 links link NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 2306 186 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 2306 187 page page NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2306 188 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2306 189 last last RB en-wikipedia-org-1664 2306 190 edited edit VBN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2306 191 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2306 192 28 28 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2306 193 January January NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2306 194 2021 2021 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2306 195 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 2306 196 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2306 197 19:37 19:37 CD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2306 198   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2306 199 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 2306 200 UTC UTC NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2306 201 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1664 2306 202 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 2307 1 Text text NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2307 2 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 2307 3 available available JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 2307 4 under under IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2307 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 2307 6 Creative Creative NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2307 7 Commons Commons NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2307 8 Attribution Attribution NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2307 9 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1664 2307 10 ShareAlike ShareAlike NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2307 11 License License NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2307 12 ; ; , en-wikipedia-org-1664 2307 13 additional additional JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 2307 14 terms term NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 2307 15 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-1664 2307 16 apply apply VB en-wikipedia-org-1664 2307 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 2308 1 By by IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2308 2 using use VBG en-wikipedia-org-1664 2308 3 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 2308 4 site site NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2308 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 2308 6 you -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2308 7 agree agree VBP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2308 8 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2308 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 2308 10 Terms term NNS en-wikipedia-org-1664 2308 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2308 12 Use Use NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2308 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1664 2308 14 Privacy Privacy NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2308 15 Policy Policy NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2308 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 2309 1 Wikipedia Wikipedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2309 2 ® ® NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1664 2309 3 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1664 2309 4 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 2309 5 registered registered JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 2309 6 trademark trademark NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2309 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2309 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 2309 9 Wikimedia Wikimedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2309 10 Foundation Foundation NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2309 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 2309 12 Inc. Inc. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2309 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1664 2309 14 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1664 2309 15 non non JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 2309 16 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 2309 17 profit profit JJ en-wikipedia-org-1664 2309 18 organization organization NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2309 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1664 2310 1 Privacy privacy NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2310 2 policy policy NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2310 3 About about IN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2310 4 Wikipedia Wikipedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2310 5 Disclaimers Disclaimers NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1664 2310 6 Contact Contact NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2310 7 Wikipedia Wikipedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2310 8 Mobile Mobile NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2310 9 view view NN en-wikipedia-org-1664 2310 10 Developers Developers NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2310 11 Statistics Statistics NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2310 12 Cookie Cookie NNP en-wikipedia-org-1664 2310 13 statement statement NN