id sid tid token lemma pos en-wikipedia-org-832 1 1 Postcolonialism Postcolonialism NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 1 2 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-832 1 3 Wikipedia Wikipedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 1 4 Postcolonialism postcolonialism NN en-wikipedia-org-832 1 5 From from IN en-wikipedia-org-832 1 6 Wikipedia Wikipedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 1 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 1 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 1 9 free free JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 1 10 encyclopedia encyclopedia NN en-wikipedia-org-832 1 11       _SP en-wikipedia-org-832 1 12 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 1 13 Redirected redirect VBN en-wikipedia-org-832 1 14 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-832 1 15 Post Post NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 1 16 - - NN en-wikipedia-org-832 1 17 colonialism colonialism NN en-wikipedia-org-832 1 18 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 1 19 Jump jump VB en-wikipedia-org-832 1 20 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-832 1 21 navigation navigation NN en-wikipedia-org-832 1 22 Jump Jump NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 1 23 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-832 1 24 search search VB en-wikipedia-org-832 1 25 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 1 26 academic academic JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 1 27 study study NN en-wikipedia-org-832 1 28 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 1 29 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 1 30 cultural cultural JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 1 31 legacy legacy NN en-wikipedia-org-832 1 32 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 1 33 colonialism colonialism NN en-wikipedia-org-832 1 34 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 1 35 imperialism imperialism NN en-wikipedia-org-832 1 36 Postcolonialism Postcolonialism NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 1 37 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-832 1 38 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 1 39 critical critical JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 1 40 academic academic JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 1 41 study study NN en-wikipedia-org-832 1 42 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 1 43 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 1 44 cultural cultural JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 1 45 legacy legacy NN en-wikipedia-org-832 1 46 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 1 47 colonialism colonialism NN en-wikipedia-org-832 1 48 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 1 49 imperialism imperialism NN en-wikipedia-org-832 1 50 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 1 51 focusing focus VBG en-wikipedia-org-832 1 52 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-832 1 53 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 1 54 human human JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 1 55 consequences consequence NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 1 56 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 1 57 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 1 58 control control NN en-wikipedia-org-832 1 59 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 1 60 exploitation exploitation NN en-wikipedia-org-832 1 61 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 1 62 colonized colonize VBN en-wikipedia-org-832 1 63 people people NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 1 64 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 1 65 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-832 1 66 lands land NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 1 67 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 2 1 More more RBR en-wikipedia-org-832 2 2 specifically specifically RB en-wikipedia-org-832 2 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 2 4 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-832 2 5 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-832 2 6 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-832 2 7 critical critical JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 2 8 theory theory NN en-wikipedia-org-832 2 9 analysis analysis NN en-wikipedia-org-832 2 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 2 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 2 12 history history NN en-wikipedia-org-832 2 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 2 14 culture culture NN en-wikipedia-org-832 2 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 2 16 literature literature NN en-wikipedia-org-832 2 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 2 18 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 2 19 discourse discourse NN en-wikipedia-org-832 2 20 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 2 21 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 2 22 usually usually RB en-wikipedia-org-832 2 23 European european JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 2 24 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 2 25 imperial imperial JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 2 26 power power NN en-wikipedia-org-832 2 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 3 1 Postcolonialism postcolonialism NN en-wikipedia-org-832 3 2 encompasses encompass VBZ en-wikipedia-org-832 3 3 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-832 3 4 wide wide JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 3 5 variety variety NN en-wikipedia-org-832 3 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 3 7 approaches approach NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 3 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 3 9 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 3 10 theoreticians theoretician NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 3 11 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-832 3 12 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-832 3 13 always always RB en-wikipedia-org-832 3 14 agree agree VB en-wikipedia-org-832 3 15 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-832 3 16 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-832 3 17 common common JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 3 18 set set NN en-wikipedia-org-832 3 19 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 3 20 definitions definition NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 3 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 4 1 On on IN en-wikipedia-org-832 4 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-832 4 3 simple simple JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 4 4 level level NN en-wikipedia-org-832 4 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 4 6 through through IN en-wikipedia-org-832 4 7 anthropological anthropological JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 4 8 study study NN en-wikipedia-org-832 4 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 4 10 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-832 4 11 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-832 4 12 seek seek VB en-wikipedia-org-832 4 13 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-832 4 14 build build VB en-wikipedia-org-832 4 15 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-832 4 16 better well JJR en-wikipedia-org-832 4 17 understanding understanding NN en-wikipedia-org-832 4 18 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 4 19 colonial colonial JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 4 20 life life NN en-wikipedia-org-832 4 21 — — : en-wikipedia-org-832 4 22 based base VBN en-wikipedia-org-832 4 23 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-832 4 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 4 25 assumption assumption NN en-wikipedia-org-832 4 26 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-832 4 27 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 4 28 colonial colonial JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 4 29 rulers ruler NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 4 30 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-832 4 31 unreliable unreliable JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 4 32 narrators narrator NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 4 33 — — : en-wikipedia-org-832 4 34 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-832 4 35 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 4 36 point point NN en-wikipedia-org-832 4 37 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 4 38 view view NN en-wikipedia-org-832 4 39 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 4 40 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 4 41 colonized colonize VBN en-wikipedia-org-832 4 42 people people NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 4 43 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 5 1 On on IN en-wikipedia-org-832 5 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-832 5 3 deeper deep JJR en-wikipedia-org-832 5 4 level level NN en-wikipedia-org-832 5 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 5 6 postcolonialism postcolonialism NN en-wikipedia-org-832 5 7 examines examine VBZ en-wikipedia-org-832 5 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 5 9 social social JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 5 10 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 5 11 political political JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 5 12 power power NN en-wikipedia-org-832 5 13 relationships relationship NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 5 14 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-832 5 15 sustain sustain VBP en-wikipedia-org-832 5 16 colonialism colonialism NN en-wikipedia-org-832 5 17 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 5 18 neocolonialism neocolonialism NN en-wikipedia-org-832 5 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 5 20 including include VBG en-wikipedia-org-832 5 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 5 22 social social JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 5 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 5 24 political political JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 5 25 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 5 26 cultural cultural JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 5 27 narratives narrative NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 5 28 surrounding surround VBG en-wikipedia-org-832 5 29 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 5 30 colonizer colonizer NN en-wikipedia-org-832 5 31 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 5 32 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 5 33 colonized colonize VBN en-wikipedia-org-832 5 34 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 6 1 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-832 6 2 approach approach NN en-wikipedia-org-832 6 3 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-832 6 4 overlap overlap VB en-wikipedia-org-832 6 5 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-832 6 6 studies study NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 6 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 6 8 contemporary contemporary JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 6 9 history history NN en-wikipedia-org-832 6 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 6 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 6 12 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-832 6 13 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-832 6 14 draw draw VB en-wikipedia-org-832 6 15 examples example NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 6 16 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-832 6 17 anthropology anthropology NN en-wikipedia-org-832 6 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 6 19 historiography historiography NN en-wikipedia-org-832 6 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 6 21 political political JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 6 22 science science NN en-wikipedia-org-832 6 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 6 24 philosophy philosophy NN en-wikipedia-org-832 6 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 6 26 sociology sociology NN en-wikipedia-org-832 6 27 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 6 28 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 6 29 human human JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 6 30 geography geography NN en-wikipedia-org-832 6 31 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 7 1 Sub Sub NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 7 2 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-832 7 3 disciplines discipline NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 7 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 7 5 postcolonial postcolonial JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 7 6 studies study NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 7 7 examine examine VBP en-wikipedia-org-832 7 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 7 9 effects effect NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 7 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 7 11 colonial colonial JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 7 12 rule rule NN en-wikipedia-org-832 7 13 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-832 7 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 7 15 practice practice NN en-wikipedia-org-832 7 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 7 17 feminism feminism NN en-wikipedia-org-832 7 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 7 19 anarchism anarchism NN en-wikipedia-org-832 7 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 7 21 literature literature NN en-wikipedia-org-832 7 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 7 23 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 7 24 Christian christian JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 7 25 thought thought NN en-wikipedia-org-832 7 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 8 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 8 2 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 8 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 8 4 At at IN en-wikipedia-org-832 8 5 times time NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 8 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 8 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 8 8 term term NN en-wikipedia-org-832 8 9 postcolonial postcolonial JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 8 10 studies study NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 8 11 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-832 8 12 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-832 8 13 preferred prefer VBN en-wikipedia-org-832 8 14 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-832 8 15 postcolonialism postcolonialism NN en-wikipedia-org-832 8 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 8 17 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-832 8 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 8 19 ambiguous ambiguous JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 8 20 term term NN en-wikipedia-org-832 8 21 colonialism colonialism NN en-wikipedia-org-832 8 22 could could MD en-wikipedia-org-832 8 23 refer refer VB en-wikipedia-org-832 8 24 either either CC en-wikipedia-org-832 8 25 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-832 8 26 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-832 8 27 system system NN en-wikipedia-org-832 8 28 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 8 29 government government NN en-wikipedia-org-832 8 30 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 8 31 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-832 8 32 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-832 8 33 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-832 8 34 ideology ideology NN en-wikipedia-org-832 8 35 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-832 8 36 world world NN en-wikipedia-org-832 8 37 view view NN en-wikipedia-org-832 8 38 underlying underlie VBG en-wikipedia-org-832 8 39 that that DT en-wikipedia-org-832 8 40 system system NN en-wikipedia-org-832 8 41 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 9 1 However however RB en-wikipedia-org-832 9 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 9 3 postcolonialism postcolonialism NN en-wikipedia-org-832 9 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 9 5 i.e. i.e. FW en-wikipedia-org-832 9 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 9 7 postcolonial postcolonial JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 9 8 studies study NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 9 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 9 10 generally generally RB en-wikipedia-org-832 9 11 represents represent VBZ en-wikipedia-org-832 9 12 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-832 9 13 ideological ideological JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 9 14 response response NN en-wikipedia-org-832 9 15 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-832 9 16 colonialist colonialist NN en-wikipedia-org-832 9 17 thought thought NN en-wikipedia-org-832 9 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 9 19 rather rather RB en-wikipedia-org-832 9 20 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-832 9 21 simply simply RB en-wikipedia-org-832 9 22 describing describe VBG en-wikipedia-org-832 9 23 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-832 9 24 system system NN en-wikipedia-org-832 9 25 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-832 9 26 comes come VBZ en-wikipedia-org-832 9 27 after after IN en-wikipedia-org-832 9 28 colonialism colonialism NN en-wikipedia-org-832 9 29 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 9 30 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-832 9 31 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 9 32 prefix prefix NN en-wikipedia-org-832 9 33 post- post- NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 9 34 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-832 9 35 suggest suggest VB en-wikipedia-org-832 9 36 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 10 1 As as IN en-wikipedia-org-832 10 2 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 10 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 10 4 postcolonialism postcolonialism NN en-wikipedia-org-832 10 5 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-832 10 6 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-832 10 7 thought think VBN en-wikipedia-org-832 10 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 10 9 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-832 10 10 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-832 10 11 reaction reaction NN en-wikipedia-org-832 10 12 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-832 10 13 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-832 10 14 departure departure NN en-wikipedia-org-832 10 15 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-832 10 16 colonialism colonialism NN en-wikipedia-org-832 10 17 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-832 10 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 10 19 same same JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 10 20 way way NN en-wikipedia-org-832 10 21 postmodernism postmodernism NN en-wikipedia-org-832 10 22 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-832 10 23 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-832 10 24 reaction reaction NN en-wikipedia-org-832 10 25 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-832 10 26 modernism modernism NN en-wikipedia-org-832 10 27 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-832 10 28 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 10 29 term term NN en-wikipedia-org-832 10 30 postcolonialism postcolonialism NN en-wikipedia-org-832 10 31 itself -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-832 10 32 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-832 10 33 modeled model VBN en-wikipedia-org-832 10 34 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-832 10 35 postmodernism postmodernism NN en-wikipedia-org-832 10 36 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 10 37 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-832 10 38 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-832 10 39 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-832 10 40 shares share VBZ en-wikipedia-org-832 10 41 certain certain JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 10 42 concepts concept NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 10 43 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 10 44 methods method NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 10 45 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 11 1 Contents content NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 11 2 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 11 3 Purpose purpose NN en-wikipedia-org-832 11 4 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 11 5 basic basic JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 11 6 concepts concept NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 11 7 1.1 1.1 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 11 8 Colonialist colonialist JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 11 9 discourse discourse NN en-wikipedia-org-832 11 10 1.2 1.2 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 11 11 Postcolonial postcolonial JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 11 12 identity identity NN en-wikipedia-org-832 11 13 1.3 1.3 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 11 14 Difficulty difficulty NN en-wikipedia-org-832 11 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 11 16 definition definition NN en-wikipedia-org-832 11 17 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 11 18 Notable notable JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 11 19 theoreticians theoretician NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 11 20 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 11 21 theories theory NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 11 22 2.1 2.1 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 11 23 Frantz Frantz NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 11 24 Fanon Fanon NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 11 25 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 11 26 subjugation subjugation NN en-wikipedia-org-832 11 27 2.2 2.2 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 11 28 Edward Edward NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 11 29 Said Said NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 11 30 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 11 31 orientalism orientalism NN en-wikipedia-org-832 11 32 2.3 2.3 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 11 33 Gayatri Gayatri NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 11 34 Spivak Spivak NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 11 35 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 11 36 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 11 37 subaltern subaltern JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 11 38 2.4 2.4 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 11 39 Homi Homi NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 11 40 K. K. NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 11 41 Bhabha Bhabha NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 11 42 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 11 43 hybridity hybridity VB en-wikipedia-org-832 11 44 2.5 2.5 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 11 45 R. R. NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 11 46 Siva Siva NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 11 47 Kumar Kumar NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 11 48 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 11 49 alternative alternative JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 11 50 modernity modernity NN en-wikipedia-org-832 11 51 2.6 2.6 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 11 52 Dipesh Dipesh NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 11 53 Chakrabarty Chakrabarty NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 11 54 2.7 2.7 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 11 55 Derek Derek NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 11 56 Gregory Gregory NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 11 57 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 11 58 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 11 59 colonial colonial NN en-wikipedia-org-832 11 60 present present JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 11 61 2.8 2.8 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 11 62 Amar Amar NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 11 63 Acheraiou Acheraiou NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 11 64 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 11 65 Classical classical JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 11 66 influences influence NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 11 67 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 11 68 Postcolonial postcolonial JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 11 69 literary literary JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 11 70 study study NN en-wikipedia-org-832 11 71 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 11 72 Application Application NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 11 73 4.1 4.1 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 11 74 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 11 75 Middle Middle NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 11 76 East East NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 11 77 4.2 4.2 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 11 78 Africa Africa NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 11 79 4.3 4.3 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 11 80 Asia Asia NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 11 81 4.4 4.4 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 11 82 Eastern Eastern NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 11 83 Europe Europe NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 11 84 4.5 4.5 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 11 85 Structural structural JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 11 86 adjustment adjustment NN en-wikipedia-org-832 11 87 programmes programme NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 11 88 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 11 89 SAPs SAPs NNPS en-wikipedia-org-832 11 90 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 11 91 5 5 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 11 92 Criticism Criticism NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 11 93 5.1 5.1 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 11 94 Undermining Undermining NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 11 95 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 11 96 universal universal JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 11 97 values value NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 11 98 5.2 5.2 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 11 99 Fixation Fixation NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 11 100 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-832 11 101 national national JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 11 102 identity identity NN en-wikipedia-org-832 11 103 6 6 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 11 104 Postcolonial Postcolonial NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 11 105 literature literature NN en-wikipedia-org-832 11 106 6.1 6.1 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 11 107 Foundation Foundation NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 11 108 works work VBZ en-wikipedia-org-832 11 109 6.2 6.2 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 11 110 Contemporary contemporary JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 11 111 authors author NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 11 112 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 11 113 postcolonial postcolonial JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 11 114 fiction fiction NN en-wikipedia-org-832 11 115 6.3 6.3 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 11 116 Postcolonial postcolonial JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 11 117 non non JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 11 118 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 11 119 fiction fiction JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 11 120 6.3.1 6.3.1 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 11 121 Pre-2000 Pre-2000 NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 11 122 6.3.2 6.3.2 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 11 123 After after IN en-wikipedia-org-832 11 124 2000 2000 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 11 125 7 7 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 11 126 Scholarly Scholarly NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 11 127 projects project NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 11 128 8 8 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 11 129 See see VBP en-wikipedia-org-832 11 130 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-832 11 131 9 9 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 11 132 References reference NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 11 133 10 10 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 11 134 Further further JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 11 135 reading read VBG en-wikipedia-org-832 11 136 11 11 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 11 137 External external JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 11 138 links link NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 11 139 Purpose Purpose NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 11 140 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 11 141 basic basic JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 11 142 concepts[edit concepts[edit VBN en-wikipedia-org-832 11 143 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 11 144 As as IN en-wikipedia-org-832 11 145 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-832 11 146 epistemology epistemology NN en-wikipedia-org-832 11 147 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 11 148 i.e. i.e. FW en-wikipedia-org-832 11 149 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 11 150 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-832 11 151 study study NN en-wikipedia-org-832 11 152 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 11 153 knowledge knowledge NN en-wikipedia-org-832 11 154 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 11 155 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-832 11 156 nature nature NN en-wikipedia-org-832 11 157 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 11 158 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 11 159 verifiability verifiability NN en-wikipedia-org-832 11 160 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 11 161 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 11 162 ethics ethic NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 11 163 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 11 164 moral moral JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 11 165 philosophy philosophy NN en-wikipedia-org-832 11 166 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 11 167 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 11 168 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 11 169 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-832 11 170 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-832 11 171 political political JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 11 172 science science NN en-wikipedia-org-832 11 173 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 11 174 i.e. i.e. FW en-wikipedia-org-832 11 175 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 11 176 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-832 11 177 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-832 11 178 concern concern NN en-wikipedia-org-832 11 179 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-832 11 180 affairs affair NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 11 181 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 11 182 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 11 183 citizenry citizenry NN en-wikipedia-org-832 11 184 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 11 185 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 11 186 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 11 187 field field NN en-wikipedia-org-832 11 188 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 11 189 postcolonialism postcolonialism NN en-wikipedia-org-832 11 190 addresses address VBZ en-wikipedia-org-832 11 191 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 11 192 matters matter NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 11 193 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-832 11 194 constitute constitute VBP en-wikipedia-org-832 11 195 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 11 196 postcolonial postcolonial JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 11 197 identity identity NN en-wikipedia-org-832 11 198 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 11 199 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-832 11 200 decolonized decolonized JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 11 201 people people NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 11 202 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 11 203 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-832 11 204 derives derive VBZ en-wikipedia-org-832 11 205 from:[2 from:[2 VBP en-wikipedia-org-832 11 206 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 11 207 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 11 208 colonizer colonizer NN en-wikipedia-org-832 11 209 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-832 11 210 generation generation NN en-wikipedia-org-832 11 211 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 11 212 cultural cultural JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 11 213 knowledge knowledge NN en-wikipedia-org-832 11 214 about about IN en-wikipedia-org-832 11 215 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 11 216 colonized colonize VBN en-wikipedia-org-832 11 217 people people NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 11 218 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-832 11 219 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 11 220 how how WRB en-wikipedia-org-832 11 221 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-832 11 222 Western western JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 11 223 cultural cultural JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 11 224 knowledge knowledge NN en-wikipedia-org-832 11 225 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-832 11 226 applied apply VBN en-wikipedia-org-832 11 227 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-832 11 228 subjugate subjugate VB en-wikipedia-org-832 11 229 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-832 11 230 non non JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 11 231 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 11 232 European european JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 11 233 people people NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 11 234 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-832 11 235 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-832 11 236 colony colony NN en-wikipedia-org-832 11 237 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 11 238 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 11 239 European european JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 11 240 mother mother NN en-wikipedia-org-832 11 241 country country NN en-wikipedia-org-832 11 242 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 11 243 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-832 11 244 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 11 245 after after IN en-wikipedia-org-832 11 246 initial initial JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 11 247 invasion invasion NN en-wikipedia-org-832 11 248 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 11 249 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-832 11 250 effected effect VBN en-wikipedia-org-832 11 251 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-832 11 252 means mean NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 11 253 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 11 254 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 11 255 cultural cultural JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 11 256 identities identity NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 11 257 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 11 258 ' ' `` en-wikipedia-org-832 11 259 colonizer colonizer NN en-wikipedia-org-832 11 260 ' ' '' en-wikipedia-org-832 11 261 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 11 262 ' ' `` en-wikipedia-org-832 11 263 colonized colonize VBN en-wikipedia-org-832 11 264 ' ' '' en-wikipedia-org-832 11 265 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 12 1 Postcolonialism Postcolonialism NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 12 2 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-832 12 3 aimed aim VBN en-wikipedia-org-832 12 4 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-832 12 5 disempowering disempowere VBG en-wikipedia-org-832 12 6 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 12 7 theories theory NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 12 8 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 12 9 intellectual intellectual JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 12 10 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 12 11 linguistic linguistic JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 12 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 12 13 social social JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 12 14 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 12 15 economic economic JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 12 16 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 12 17 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-832 12 18 means mean NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 12 19 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 12 20 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-832 12 21 colonialists colonialist VBZ en-wikipedia-org-832 12 22 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-832 12 23 perceive perceive JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 12 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 12 25 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-832 12 26 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-832 12 27 understand understand VB en-wikipedia-org-832 12 28 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 12 29 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-832 12 30 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 12 31 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-832 12 32 know know VB en-wikipedia-org-832 12 33 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-832 12 34 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 12 35 world world NN en-wikipedia-org-832 12 36 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 13 1 Postcolonial postcolonial JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 13 2 theory theory NN en-wikipedia-org-832 13 3 thus thus RB en-wikipedia-org-832 13 4 establishes establish VBZ en-wikipedia-org-832 13 5 intellectual intellectual JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 13 6 spaces space NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 13 7 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-832 13 8 subaltern subaltern JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 13 9 peoples people NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 13 10 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-832 13 11 speak speak VB en-wikipedia-org-832 13 12 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-832 13 13 themselves -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-832 13 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 13 15 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-832 13 16 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-832 13 17 own own JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 13 18 voices voice NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 13 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 13 20 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 13 21 thus thus RB en-wikipedia-org-832 13 22 produce produce VBP en-wikipedia-org-832 13 23 cultural cultural JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 13 24 discourses discourse NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 13 25 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 13 26 philosophy philosophy NN en-wikipedia-org-832 13 27 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 13 28 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-832 13 29 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 13 30 society society NN en-wikipedia-org-832 13 31 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 13 32 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 13 33 economy economy NN en-wikipedia-org-832 13 34 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 13 35 balancing balance VBG en-wikipedia-org-832 13 36 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 13 37 imbalanced imbalanced JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 13 38 us us NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 13 39 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-832 13 40 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 13 41 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-832 13 42 them -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-832 13 43 binary binary JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 13 44 power power NN en-wikipedia-org-832 13 45 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-832 13 46 relationship relationship NN en-wikipedia-org-832 13 47 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-832 13 48 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 13 49 colonist colonist NN en-wikipedia-org-832 13 50 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 13 51 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 13 52 colonial colonial JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 13 53 subjects subject NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 13 54 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 14 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 14 2 citation citation NN en-wikipedia-org-832 14 3 needed][3 needed][3 NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 14 4 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 14 5 Colonialist Colonialist NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 14 6 discourse[edit discourse[edit NFP en-wikipedia-org-832 14 7 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 14 8 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-832 14 9 La La NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 14 10 Réforme Réforme NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 14 11 intellectuelle intellectuelle NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 14 12 et et FW en-wikipedia-org-832 14 13 morale morale NN en-wikipedia-org-832 14 14 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 14 15 1871 1871 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 14 16 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 14 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 14 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 14 19 Orientalist Orientalist NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 14 20 Joseph Joseph NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 14 21 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-832 14 22 Ernest Ernest NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 14 23 Renan Renan NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 14 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 14 25 advocated advocate VBD en-wikipedia-org-832 14 26 imperial imperial JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 14 27 stewardship stewardship NN en-wikipedia-org-832 14 28 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-832 14 29 civilizing civilize VBG en-wikipedia-org-832 14 30 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 14 31 non non JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 14 32 – – JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 14 33 Western western JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 14 34 peoples people NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 14 35 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 14 36 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 14 37 world world NN en-wikipedia-org-832 14 38 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 15 1 Colonialism Colonialism NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 15 2 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-832 15 3 presented present VBN en-wikipedia-org-832 15 4 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-832 15 5 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-832 15 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 15 7 extension extension NN en-wikipedia-org-832 15 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 15 9 civilization civilization NN en-wikipedia-org-832 15 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 15 11 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-832 15 12 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-832 15 13 ideologically ideologically RB en-wikipedia-org-832 15 14 justified justify VBD en-wikipedia-org-832 15 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 15 16 self self NN en-wikipedia-org-832 15 17 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-832 15 18 ascribed ascribe VBN en-wikipedia-org-832 15 19 racial racial JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 15 20 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 15 21 cultural cultural JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 15 22 superiority superiority NN en-wikipedia-org-832 15 23 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 15 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 15 25 Western western JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 15 26 world world NN en-wikipedia-org-832 15 27 over over IN en-wikipedia-org-832 15 28 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 15 29 non non JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 15 30 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 15 31 Western western JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 15 32 world world NN en-wikipedia-org-832 15 33 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 16 1 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-832 16 2 concept concept NN en-wikipedia-org-832 16 3 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-832 16 4 espoused espouse VBN en-wikipedia-org-832 16 5 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-832 16 6 Joseph Joseph NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 16 7 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-832 16 8 Ernest Ernest NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 16 9 Renan Renan NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 16 10 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-832 16 11 La La NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 16 12 Réforme Réforme NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 16 13 intellectuelle intellectuelle NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 16 14 et et FW en-wikipedia-org-832 16 15 morale morale NN en-wikipedia-org-832 16 16 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 16 17 1871 1871 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 16 18 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 16 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 16 20 whereby whereby WRB en-wikipedia-org-832 16 21 imperial imperial NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 16 22 stewardship stewardship NN en-wikipedia-org-832 16 23 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-832 16 24 thought think VBN en-wikipedia-org-832 16 25 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-832 16 26 affect affect VB en-wikipedia-org-832 16 27 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 16 28 intellectual intellectual JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 16 29 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 16 30 moral moral JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 16 31 reformation reformation NN en-wikipedia-org-832 16 32 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 16 33 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 16 34 coloured coloured JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 16 35 peoples people NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 16 36 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 16 37 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 16 38 lesser less JJR en-wikipedia-org-832 16 39 cultures culture NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 16 40 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 16 41 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 16 42 world world NN en-wikipedia-org-832 16 43 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 17 1 That that IN en-wikipedia-org-832 17 2 such such PDT en-wikipedia-org-832 17 3 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-832 17 4 divinely divinely RB en-wikipedia-org-832 17 5 established establish VBN en-wikipedia-org-832 17 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 17 7 natural natural JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 17 8 harmony harmony NN en-wikipedia-org-832 17 9 among among IN en-wikipedia-org-832 17 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 17 11 human human JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 17 12 races race NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 17 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 17 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 17 15 world world NN en-wikipedia-org-832 17 16 would would MD en-wikipedia-org-832 17 17 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-832 17 18 possible possible JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 17 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 17 20 because because IN en-wikipedia-org-832 17 21 everyone everyone NN en-wikipedia-org-832 17 22 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-832 17 23 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-832 17 24 assigned assign VBN en-wikipedia-org-832 17 25 cultural cultural JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 17 26 identity identity NN en-wikipedia-org-832 17 27 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 17 28 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-832 17 29 social social JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 17 30 place place NN en-wikipedia-org-832 17 31 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 17 32 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 17 33 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-832 17 34 economic economic JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 17 35 role role NN en-wikipedia-org-832 17 36 within within IN en-wikipedia-org-832 17 37 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-832 17 38 imperial imperial JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 17 39 colony colony NN en-wikipedia-org-832 17 40 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 18 1 Thus:[4 Thus:[4 NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 18 2 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 18 3 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 18 4 regeneration regeneration NN en-wikipedia-org-832 18 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 18 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 18 7 inferior inferior JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 18 8 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-832 18 9 degenerate degenerate VBP en-wikipedia-org-832 18 10 races race NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 18 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 18 12 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-832 18 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 18 14 superior superior JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 18 15 races race NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 18 16 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-832 18 17 part part NN en-wikipedia-org-832 18 18 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 18 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 18 20 providential providential JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 18 21 order order NN en-wikipedia-org-832 18 22 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 18 23 things thing NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 18 24 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-832 18 25 humanity humanity NN en-wikipedia-org-832 18 26 .... .... NFP en-wikipedia-org-832 18 27 Regere regere JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 18 28 imperio imperio NN en-wikipedia-org-832 18 29 populos populo NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 18 30 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-832 18 31 our -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-832 18 32 vocation vocation NN en-wikipedia-org-832 18 33 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 19 1 Pour pour VB en-wikipedia-org-832 19 2 forth forth RB en-wikipedia-org-832 19 3 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-832 19 4 all all RB en-wikipedia-org-832 19 5 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-832 19 6 consuming consume VBG en-wikipedia-org-832 19 7 activity activity NN en-wikipedia-org-832 19 8 onto onto IN en-wikipedia-org-832 19 9 countries country NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 19 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 19 11 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-832 19 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 19 13 like like IN en-wikipedia-org-832 19 14 China China NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 19 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 19 16 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-832 19 17 crying cry VBG en-wikipedia-org-832 19 18 aloud aloud RB en-wikipedia-org-832 19 19 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-832 19 20 foreign foreign JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 19 21 conquest conquest NN en-wikipedia-org-832 19 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 20 1 Turn turn VB en-wikipedia-org-832 20 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 20 3 adventurers adventurer NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 20 4 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-832 20 5 disturb disturb VBP en-wikipedia-org-832 20 6 European european JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 20 7 society society NN en-wikipedia-org-832 20 8 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-832 20 9 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-832 20 10 ver ver NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 20 11 sacrum sacrum NN en-wikipedia-org-832 20 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 20 13 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-832 20 14 horde horde NN en-wikipedia-org-832 20 15 like like IN en-wikipedia-org-832 20 16 those those DT en-wikipedia-org-832 20 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 20 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 20 19 Franks Franks NNPS en-wikipedia-org-832 20 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 20 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 20 22 Lombards Lombards NNPS en-wikipedia-org-832 20 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 20 24 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-832 20 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 20 26 Normans Normans NNPS en-wikipedia-org-832 20 27 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 20 28 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 20 29 every every DT en-wikipedia-org-832 20 30 man man NN en-wikipedia-org-832 20 31 will will MD en-wikipedia-org-832 20 32 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-832 20 33 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-832 20 34 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-832 20 35 right right JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 20 36 role role NN en-wikipedia-org-832 20 37 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 21 1 Nature nature NN en-wikipedia-org-832 21 2 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-832 21 3 made make VBN en-wikipedia-org-832 21 4 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-832 21 5 race race NN en-wikipedia-org-832 21 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 21 7 workers worker NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 21 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 21 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 21 10 Chinese chinese JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 21 11 race race NN en-wikipedia-org-832 21 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 21 13 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-832 21 14 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-832 21 15 wonderful wonderful JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 21 16 manual manual JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 21 17 dexterity dexterity NN en-wikipedia-org-832 21 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 21 19 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 21 20 almost almost RB en-wikipedia-org-832 21 21 no no DT en-wikipedia-org-832 21 22 sense sense NN en-wikipedia-org-832 21 23 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 21 24 honour honour NN en-wikipedia-org-832 21 25 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-832 21 26 govern govern VB en-wikipedia-org-832 21 27 them -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-832 21 28 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-832 21 29 justice justice NN en-wikipedia-org-832 21 30 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 21 31 levying levy VBG en-wikipedia-org-832 21 32 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-832 21 33 them -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-832 21 34 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 21 35 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-832 21 36 return return NN en-wikipedia-org-832 21 37 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-832 21 38 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 21 39 blessing blessing NN en-wikipedia-org-832 21 40 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 21 41 such such PDT en-wikipedia-org-832 21 42 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-832 21 43 government government NN en-wikipedia-org-832 21 44 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 21 45 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-832 21 46 ample ample JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 21 47 allowance allowance NN en-wikipedia-org-832 21 48 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-832 21 49 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 21 50 conquering conquer VBG en-wikipedia-org-832 21 51 race race NN en-wikipedia-org-832 21 52 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 21 53 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 21 54 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-832 21 55 will will MD en-wikipedia-org-832 21 56 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-832 21 57 satisfied satisfied JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 21 58 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-832 21 59 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-832 21 60 race race NN en-wikipedia-org-832 21 61 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 21 62 tillers tiller NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 21 63 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 21 64 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 21 65 soil soil NN en-wikipedia-org-832 21 66 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 21 67 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 21 68 Negro Negro NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 21 69 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-832 21 70 treat treat VB en-wikipedia-org-832 21 71 him -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-832 21 72 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-832 21 73 kindness kindness NN en-wikipedia-org-832 21 74 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 21 75 humanity humanity NN en-wikipedia-org-832 21 76 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 21 77 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 21 78 all all DT en-wikipedia-org-832 21 79 will will MD en-wikipedia-org-832 21 80 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-832 21 81 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-832 21 82 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-832 21 83 should should MD en-wikipedia-org-832 21 84 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-832 21 85 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-832 21 86 race race NN en-wikipedia-org-832 21 87 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 21 88 masters master NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 21 89 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 21 90 soldiers soldier NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 21 91 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 21 92 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 21 93 European european JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 21 94 race race NN en-wikipedia-org-832 21 95 .... .... . en-wikipedia-org-832 21 96 Let let VB en-wikipedia-org-832 21 97 each each DT en-wikipedia-org-832 21 98 do do VB en-wikipedia-org-832 21 99 what what WP en-wikipedia-org-832 21 100 he -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-832 21 101 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-832 21 102 made make VBN en-wikipedia-org-832 21 103 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-832 21 104 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 21 105 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 21 106 all all DT en-wikipedia-org-832 21 107 will will MD en-wikipedia-org-832 21 108 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-832 21 109 well well RB en-wikipedia-org-832 21 110 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 22 1 — — : en-wikipedia-org-832 22 2     _SP en-wikipedia-org-832 22 3 La La NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 22 4 Réforme Réforme NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 22 5 intellectuelle intellectuelle NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 22 6 et et FW en-wikipedia-org-832 22 7 morale morale NN en-wikipedia-org-832 22 8 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 22 9 1871 1871 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 22 10 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 22 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 22 12 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-832 22 13 Joseph Joseph NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 22 14 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-832 22 15 Ernest Ernest NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 22 16 Renan Renan NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 22 17 From from IN en-wikipedia-org-832 22 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 22 19 mid- mid- NN en-wikipedia-org-832 22 20 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-832 22 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 22 22 late late JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 22 23 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-832 22 24 nineteenth nineteenth JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 22 25 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-832 22 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 22 27 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 22 28 racialist racialist JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 22 29 group group NN en-wikipedia-org-832 22 30 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-832 22 31 identity identity NN en-wikipedia-org-832 22 32 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-832 22 33 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-832 22 34 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 22 35 cultural cultural JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 22 36 common common JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 22 37 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-832 22 38 currency currency NN en-wikipedia-org-832 22 39 justifying justify VBG en-wikipedia-org-832 22 40 geopolitical geopolitical JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 22 41 competition competition NN en-wikipedia-org-832 22 42 amongst amongst IN en-wikipedia-org-832 22 43 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 22 44 European european JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 22 45 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 22 46 American american JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 22 47 empires empire NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 22 48 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 22 49 meant mean VBD en-wikipedia-org-832 22 50 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-832 22 51 protect protect VB en-wikipedia-org-832 22 52 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-832 22 53 over over RB en-wikipedia-org-832 22 54 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-832 22 55 extended extended JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 22 56 economies economy NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 22 57 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 23 1 Especially especially RB en-wikipedia-org-832 23 2 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-832 23 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 23 4 colonization colonization NN en-wikipedia-org-832 23 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 23 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 23 7 Far Far NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 23 8 East East NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 23 9 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 23 10 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-832 23 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 23 12 late late JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 23 13 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-832 23 14 nineteenth nineteenth JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 23 15 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-832 23 16 Scramble Scramble NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 23 17 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-832 23 18 Africa Africa NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 23 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 23 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 23 21 representation representation NN en-wikipedia-org-832 23 22 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 23 23 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-832 23 24 homogeneous homogeneous JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 23 25 European european JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 23 26 identity identity NN en-wikipedia-org-832 23 27 justified justify VBN en-wikipedia-org-832 23 28 colonization colonization NN en-wikipedia-org-832 23 29 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 24 1 Hence hence RB en-wikipedia-org-832 24 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 24 3 Belgium Belgium NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 24 4 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 24 5 Britain Britain NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 24 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 24 7 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 24 8 France France NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 24 9 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 24 10 Germany Germany NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 24 11 proffered proffer VBD en-wikipedia-org-832 24 12 theories theory NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 24 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 24 14 national national JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 24 15 superiority superiority NN en-wikipedia-org-832 24 16 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-832 24 17 justified justify VBD en-wikipedia-org-832 24 18 colonialism colonialism NN en-wikipedia-org-832 24 19 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-832 24 20 delivering deliver VBG en-wikipedia-org-832 24 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 24 22 light light NN en-wikipedia-org-832 24 23 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 24 24 civilization civilization NN en-wikipedia-org-832 24 25 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-832 24 26 unenlightened unenlightened JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 24 27 peoples people NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 24 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 25 1 Notably notably RB en-wikipedia-org-832 25 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 25 3 la la JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 25 4 mission mission NN en-wikipedia-org-832 25 5 civilisatrice civilisatrice NN en-wikipedia-org-832 25 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 25 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 25 8 self self NN en-wikipedia-org-832 25 9 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-832 25 10 ascribed ascribe VBN en-wikipedia-org-832 25 11 ' ' '' en-wikipedia-org-832 25 12 civilizing civilize VBG en-wikipedia-org-832 25 13 mission mission NN en-wikipedia-org-832 25 14 ' ' '' en-wikipedia-org-832 25 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 25 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 25 17 French French NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 25 18 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 25 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 25 20 proposed propose VBD en-wikipedia-org-832 25 21 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-832 25 22 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-832 25 23 races race NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 25 24 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 25 25 cultures culture NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 25 26 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-832 25 27 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-832 25 28 higher high JJR en-wikipedia-org-832 25 29 purpose purpose NN en-wikipedia-org-832 25 30 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-832 25 31 life life NN en-wikipedia-org-832 25 32 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 25 33 whereby whereby WRB en-wikipedia-org-832 25 34 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 25 35 more more RBR en-wikipedia-org-832 25 36 powerful powerful JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 25 37 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 25 38 more more RBR en-wikipedia-org-832 25 39 developed developed JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 25 40 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 25 41 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 25 42 more more RBR en-wikipedia-org-832 25 43 civilized civilized JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 25 44 races race NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 25 45 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-832 25 46 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 25 47 right right NN en-wikipedia-org-832 25 48 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-832 25 49 colonize colonize VB en-wikipedia-org-832 25 50 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 25 51 peoples people NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 25 52 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 25 53 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-832 25 54 service service NN en-wikipedia-org-832 25 55 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-832 25 56 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 25 57 noble noble JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 25 58 idea idea NN en-wikipedia-org-832 25 59 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 25 60 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-832 25 61 civilization civilization NN en-wikipedia-org-832 25 62 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-832 25 63 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 25 64 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-832 25 65 economic economic JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 25 66 benefits benefit NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 25 67 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 26 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 26 2 5][6 5][6 VBN en-wikipedia-org-832 26 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 26 4 Postcolonial Postcolonial NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 26 5 identity[edit identity[edit NFP en-wikipedia-org-832 26 6 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 26 7 Postcolonial postcolonial JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 26 8 theory theory NN en-wikipedia-org-832 26 9 holds hold VBZ en-wikipedia-org-832 26 10 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-832 26 11 decolonized decolonized JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 26 12 people people NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 26 13 develop develop VBP en-wikipedia-org-832 26 14 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-832 26 15 postcolonial postcolonial JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 26 16 identity identity NN en-wikipedia-org-832 26 17 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-832 26 18 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-832 26 19 based base VBN en-wikipedia-org-832 26 20 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-832 26 21 cultural cultural JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 26 22 interactions interaction NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 26 23 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-832 26 24 different different JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 26 25 identities identity NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 26 26 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 26 27 cultural cultural JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 26 28 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 26 29 national national JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 26 30 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 26 31 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 26 32 ethnic ethnic JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 26 33 as as RB en-wikipedia-org-832 26 34 well well RB en-wikipedia-org-832 26 35 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-832 26 36 gender gender NN en-wikipedia-org-832 26 37 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 26 38 class class NN en-wikipedia-org-832 26 39 based base VBN en-wikipedia-org-832 26 40 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 26 41 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-832 26 42 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-832 26 43 assigned assign VBN en-wikipedia-org-832 26 44 varying vary VBG en-wikipedia-org-832 26 45 degrees degree NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 26 46 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 26 47 social social JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 26 48 power power NN en-wikipedia-org-832 26 49 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-832 26 50 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 26 51 colonial colonial JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 26 52 society society NN en-wikipedia-org-832 26 53 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 27 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 27 2 citation citation NN en-wikipedia-org-832 27 3 needed need VBN en-wikipedia-org-832 27 4 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 27 5 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-832 27 6 postcolonial postcolonial JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 27 7 literature literature NN en-wikipedia-org-832 27 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 27 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 27 10 anti anti JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 27 11 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 27 12 conquest conquest JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 27 13 narrative narrative NN en-wikipedia-org-832 27 14 analyzes analyze VBZ en-wikipedia-org-832 27 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 27 16 identity identity NN en-wikipedia-org-832 27 17 politics politic NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 27 18 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-832 27 19 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-832 27 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 27 21 social social JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 27 22 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 27 23 cultural cultural JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 27 24 perspectives perspective NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 27 25 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 27 26 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 27 27 subaltern subaltern JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 27 28 colonial colonial JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 27 29 subjects subject NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 27 30 — — : en-wikipedia-org-832 27 31 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-832 27 32 creative creative JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 27 33 resistance resistance NN en-wikipedia-org-832 27 34 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-832 27 35 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 27 36 culture culture NN en-wikipedia-org-832 27 37 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 27 38 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 27 39 colonizer colonizer NN en-wikipedia-org-832 27 40 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-832 27 41 how how WRB en-wikipedia-org-832 27 42 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 27 43 cultural cultural JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 27 44 resistance resistance NN en-wikipedia-org-832 27 45 complicated complicate VBD en-wikipedia-org-832 27 46 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 27 47 establishment establishment NN en-wikipedia-org-832 27 48 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 27 49 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-832 27 50 colonial colonial JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 27 51 society society NN en-wikipedia-org-832 27 52 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-832 27 53 how how WRB en-wikipedia-org-832 27 54 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 27 55 colonizers colonizer NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 27 56 developed develop VBD en-wikipedia-org-832 27 57 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-832 27 58 postcolonial postcolonial JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 27 59 identity identity NN en-wikipedia-org-832 27 60 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-832 27 61 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 27 62 how how WRB en-wikipedia-org-832 27 63 neocolonialism neocolonialism NN en-wikipedia-org-832 27 64 actively actively RB en-wikipedia-org-832 27 65 employs employ VBZ en-wikipedia-org-832 27 66 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 27 67 ' ' `` en-wikipedia-org-832 27 68 us -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-832 27 69 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-832 27 70 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 27 71 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-832 27 72 them -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-832 27 73 ' ' '' en-wikipedia-org-832 27 74 binary binary JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 27 75 social social JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 27 76 relation relation NN en-wikipedia-org-832 27 77 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-832 27 78 view view VB en-wikipedia-org-832 27 79 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 27 80 non non JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 27 81 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 27 82 Western western JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 27 83 world world NN en-wikipedia-org-832 27 84 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-832 27 85 inhabited inhabit VBN en-wikipedia-org-832 27 86 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-832 27 87 ' ' '' en-wikipedia-org-832 27 88 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 27 89 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 27 90 ' ' '' en-wikipedia-org-832 27 91 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 28 1 According accord VBG en-wikipedia-org-832 28 2 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-832 28 3 Indian indian JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 28 4 academic academic NN en-wikipedia-org-832 28 5 Jaydeep Jaydeep NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 28 6 Sarangi Sarangi NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 28 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 28 8 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-832 28 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 28 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 28 11 profound profound JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 28 12 practices practice NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 28 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 28 14 postcolonial postcolonial JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 28 15 discourse discourse NN en-wikipedia-org-832 28 16 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-832 28 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 28 18 celebration celebration NN en-wikipedia-org-832 28 19 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 28 20 ' ' '' en-wikipedia-org-832 28 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 28 22 local local JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 28 23 ' ' '' en-wikipedia-org-832 28 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 29 1 Arguing argue VBG en-wikipedia-org-832 29 2 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-832 29 3 favour favour NN en-wikipedia-org-832 29 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 29 5 voicing voice VBG en-wikipedia-org-832 29 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 29 7 margin margin NN en-wikipedia-org-832 29 8 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-832 29 9 periphery periphery NN en-wikipedia-org-832 29 10 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 29 11 dalits dalit NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 29 12 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 29 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 29 14 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-832 29 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 29 16 introduction introduction NN en-wikipedia-org-832 29 17 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-832 29 18 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-832 29 19 book book NN en-wikipedia-org-832 29 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 29 21 Presentations Presentations NNPS en-wikipedia-org-832 29 22 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 29 23 Postcolonialism Postcolonialism NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 29 24 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-832 29 25 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 29 26 : : : en-wikipedia-org-832 29 27 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 29 28 Orientations Orientations NNPS en-wikipedia-org-832 29 29 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 29 30 he -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-832 29 31 gives give VBZ en-wikipedia-org-832 29 32 reference reference NN en-wikipedia-org-832 29 33 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-832 29 34 Maoris Maoris NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 29 35 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 29 36 Aborigines Aborigines NNPS en-wikipedia-org-832 29 37 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 30 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 30 2 neocolonial neocolonial JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 30 3 discourse discourse NN en-wikipedia-org-832 30 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 30 5 geopolitical geopolitical JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 30 6 homogeneity homogeneity NN en-wikipedia-org-832 30 7 relegating relegate VBG en-wikipedia-org-832 30 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 30 9 decolonized decolonized JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 30 10 peoples people NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 30 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 30 12 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-832 30 13 cultures culture NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 30 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 30 15 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 30 16 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-832 30 17 countries country NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 30 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 30 19 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-832 30 20 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-832 30 21 imaginary imaginary JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 30 22 place place NN en-wikipedia-org-832 30 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 30 24 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 30 25 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-832 30 26 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-832 30 27 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 30 28 Third Third NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 30 29 World World NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 30 30 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 30 31 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-832 30 32 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-832 30 33 over over IN en-wikipedia-org-832 30 34 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-832 30 35 inclusive inclusive JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 30 36 term term NN en-wikipedia-org-832 30 37 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-832 30 38 usually usually RB en-wikipedia-org-832 30 39 comprises comprise VBZ en-wikipedia-org-832 30 40 continents continent NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 30 41 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 30 42 seas sea NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 30 43 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 30 44 i.e. i.e. FW en-wikipedia-org-832 31 1 Africa Africa NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 31 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 31 3 Asia Asia NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 31 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 31 5 Latin Latin NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 31 6 America America NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 31 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 31 8 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 31 9 Oceania Oceania NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 31 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 32 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 32 2 postcolonial postcolonial JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 32 3 critique critique NN en-wikipedia-org-832 32 4 analyzes analyze VBZ en-wikipedia-org-832 32 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 32 6 self self NN en-wikipedia-org-832 32 7 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-832 32 8 justifying justify VBG en-wikipedia-org-832 32 9 discourse discourse NN en-wikipedia-org-832 32 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 32 11 neocolonialism neocolonialism NN en-wikipedia-org-832 32 12 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 32 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 32 14 functions function NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 32 15 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 32 16 philosophic philosophic JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 32 17 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 32 18 political political JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 32 19 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 32 20 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 32 21 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-832 32 22 over over JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 32 23 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-832 32 24 inclusive inclusive JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 32 25 terms term NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 32 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 32 27 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-832 32 28 establish establish VB en-wikipedia-org-832 32 29 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 32 30 factual factual JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 32 31 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 32 32 cultural cultural JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 32 33 inaccuracy inaccuracy NN en-wikipedia-org-832 32 34 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 32 35 homogeneous homogeneous JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 32 36 concepts concept NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 32 37 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 32 38 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 32 39 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-832 32 40 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 32 41 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-832 32 42 Arabs Arabs NNPS en-wikipedia-org-832 32 43 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 32 44 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-832 32 45 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 32 46 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-832 32 47 First first JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 32 48 World World NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 32 49 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 32 50 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-832 32 51 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-832 32 52 Christendom Christendom NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 32 53 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 32 54 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-832 32 55 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 32 56 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 32 57 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-832 32 58 Ummah Ummah NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 32 59 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 32 60 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-832 32 61 actually actually RB en-wikipedia-org-832 32 62 comprise comprise VBP en-wikipedia-org-832 32 63 heterogeneous heterogeneous JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 32 64 peoples people NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 32 65 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 32 66 cultures culture NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 32 67 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 32 68 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 32 69 geography geography NN en-wikipedia-org-832 32 70 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 32 71 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 32 72 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-832 32 73 accurate accurate JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 32 74 descriptions description NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 32 75 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 32 76 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 32 77 world world NN en-wikipedia-org-832 32 78 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-832 32 79 peoples people NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 32 80 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 32 81 places place NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 32 82 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 32 83 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 32 84 things thing NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 32 85 require require VBP en-wikipedia-org-832 32 86 nuanced nuanced JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 32 87 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 32 88 accurate accurate JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 32 89 terms term NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 32 90 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 33 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 33 2 7 7 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 33 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 33 4 Difficulty difficulty NN en-wikipedia-org-832 33 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 33 6 definition[edit definition[edit LS en-wikipedia-org-832 33 7 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 33 8 As as IN en-wikipedia-org-832 33 9 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-832 33 10 term term NN en-wikipedia-org-832 33 11 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-832 33 12 contemporary contemporary JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 33 13 history history NN en-wikipedia-org-832 33 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 33 15 postcolonialism postcolonialism NN en-wikipedia-org-832 33 16 occasionally occasionally RB en-wikipedia-org-832 33 17 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-832 33 18 applied apply VBN en-wikipedia-org-832 33 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 33 20 temporally temporally RB en-wikipedia-org-832 33 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 33 22 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-832 33 23 denote denote VB en-wikipedia-org-832 33 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 33 25 immediate immediate JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 33 26 time time NN en-wikipedia-org-832 33 27 after after IN en-wikipedia-org-832 33 28 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 33 29 period period NN en-wikipedia-org-832 33 30 during during IN en-wikipedia-org-832 33 31 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-832 33 32 imperial imperial JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 33 33 powers power NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 33 34 retreated retreat VBD en-wikipedia-org-832 33 35 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-832 33 36 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-832 33 37 colonial colonial JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 33 38 territories territory NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 33 39 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 34 1 Such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 34 2 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-832 34 3 believed believe VBN en-wikipedia-org-832 34 4 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-832 34 5 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-832 34 6 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-832 34 7 problematic problematic JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 34 8 application application NN en-wikipedia-org-832 34 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 34 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 34 11 term term NN en-wikipedia-org-832 34 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 34 13 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-832 34 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 34 15 immediate immediate JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 34 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 34 17 historical historical JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 34 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 34 19 political political JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 34 20 time time NN en-wikipedia-org-832 34 21 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-832 34 22 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-832 34 23 included include VBN en-wikipedia-org-832 34 24 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-832 34 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 34 26 categories category NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 34 27 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 34 28 critical critical JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 34 29 identity identity NN en-wikipedia-org-832 34 30 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-832 34 31 discourse discourse NN en-wikipedia-org-832 34 32 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 34 33 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-832 34 34 deals deal VBZ en-wikipedia-org-832 34 35 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-832 34 36 over over RB en-wikipedia-org-832 34 37 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-832 34 38 inclusive inclusive JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 34 39 terms term NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 34 40 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 34 41 cultural cultural JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 34 42 representation representation NN en-wikipedia-org-832 34 43 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 34 44 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-832 34 45 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-832 34 46 abrogated abrogate VBN en-wikipedia-org-832 34 47 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 34 48 replaced replace VBN en-wikipedia-org-832 34 49 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-832 34 50 postcolonial postcolonial JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 34 51 criticism criticism NN en-wikipedia-org-832 34 52 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 35 1 As as IN en-wikipedia-org-832 35 2 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 35 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 35 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 35 5 terms term NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 35 6 postcolonial postcolonial JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 35 7 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 35 8 postcolonialism postcolonialism NN en-wikipedia-org-832 35 9 denote denote NN en-wikipedia-org-832 35 10 aspects aspect NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 35 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 35 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 35 13 subject subject JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 35 14 matter matter NN en-wikipedia-org-832 35 15 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-832 35 16 indicate indicate VBP en-wikipedia-org-832 35 17 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-832 35 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 35 19 decolonized decolonized JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 35 20 world world NN en-wikipedia-org-832 35 21 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-832 35 22 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-832 35 23 intellectual intellectual JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 35 24 space space NN en-wikipedia-org-832 35 25 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-832 35 26 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 35 27 contradictions contradiction NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 35 28 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 35 29 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 35 30 half half NN en-wikipedia-org-832 35 31 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-832 35 32 finished finished JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 35 33 processes process NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 35 34 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 35 35 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 35 36 confusions confusion NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 35 37 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 35 38 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 35 39 hybridity hybridity NN en-wikipedia-org-832 35 40 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 35 41 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 35 42 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 35 43 liminalities liminalitie NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 35 44 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 36 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-832 36 2 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 36 3 8 8 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 36 4 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 36 5 As as IN en-wikipedia-org-832 36 6 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-832 36 7 most most JJS en-wikipedia-org-832 36 8 critical critical JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 36 9 theory theory NN en-wikipedia-org-832 36 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-832 36 11 based base VBN en-wikipedia-org-832 36 12 research research NN en-wikipedia-org-832 36 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 36 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 36 15 lack lack NN en-wikipedia-org-832 36 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 36 17 clarity clarity NN en-wikipedia-org-832 36 18 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-832 36 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 36 20 definition definition NN en-wikipedia-org-832 36 21 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 36 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 36 23 subject subject JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 36 24 matter matter NN en-wikipedia-org-832 36 25 coupled couple VBN en-wikipedia-org-832 36 26 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-832 36 27 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-832 36 28 open open JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 36 29 claim claim NN en-wikipedia-org-832 36 30 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-832 36 31 normativity normativity NN en-wikipedia-org-832 36 32 makes make VBZ en-wikipedia-org-832 36 33 criticism criticism NN en-wikipedia-org-832 36 34 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 36 35 postcolonial postcolonial JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 36 36 discourse discourse JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 36 37 problematic problematic NN en-wikipedia-org-832 36 38 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 36 39 reasserting reassert VBG en-wikipedia-org-832 36 40 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-832 36 41 dogmatic dogmatic JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 36 42 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-832 36 43 ideological ideological JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 36 44 status status NN en-wikipedia-org-832 36 45 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 37 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 37 2 9 9 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 37 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 37 4 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-832 37 5 Post post JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 37 6 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 37 7 Colonial colonial JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 37 8 Drama Drama NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 37 9 : : : en-wikipedia-org-832 37 10 Theory theory NN en-wikipedia-org-832 37 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 37 12 Practice Practice NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 37 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 37 14 Politics politics NN en-wikipedia-org-832 37 15 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 37 16 1996 1996 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 37 17 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 37 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 37 19 Helen Helen NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 37 20 Gilbert Gilbert NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 37 21 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 37 22 Joanne Joanne NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 37 23 Tompkins Tompkins NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 37 24 clarify clarify VBP en-wikipedia-org-832 37 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 37 26 denotational denotational JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 37 27 functions function NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 37 28 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 37 29 among among IN en-wikipedia-org-832 37 30 which:[10 which:[10 NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 37 31 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 37 32 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 37 33 term term NN en-wikipedia-org-832 37 34 post post NN en-wikipedia-org-832 37 35 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 37 36 colonialism colonialism JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 37 37 — — : en-wikipedia-org-832 37 38 according accord VBG en-wikipedia-org-832 37 39 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-832 37 40 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-832 37 41 too too RB en-wikipedia-org-832 37 42 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-832 37 43 rigid rigid JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 37 44 etymology etymology NN en-wikipedia-org-832 37 45 — — : en-wikipedia-org-832 37 46 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-832 37 47 frequently frequently RB en-wikipedia-org-832 37 48 misunderstood misunderstand VBN en-wikipedia-org-832 37 49 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-832 37 50 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-832 37 51 temporal temporal JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 37 52 concept concept NN en-wikipedia-org-832 37 53 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 37 54 meaning mean VBG en-wikipedia-org-832 37 55 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 37 56 time time NN en-wikipedia-org-832 37 57 after after IN en-wikipedia-org-832 37 58 colonialism colonialism NN en-wikipedia-org-832 37 59 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-832 37 60 ceased cease VBN en-wikipedia-org-832 37 61 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 37 62 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-832 37 63 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 37 64 time time NN en-wikipedia-org-832 37 65 following follow VBG en-wikipedia-org-832 37 66 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 37 67 politically politically RB en-wikipedia-org-832 37 68 determined determined JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 37 69 Independence Independence NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 37 70 Day Day NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 37 71 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-832 37 72 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-832 37 73 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-832 37 74 country country NN en-wikipedia-org-832 37 75 breaks break VBZ en-wikipedia-org-832 37 76 away away RB en-wikipedia-org-832 37 77 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-832 37 78 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-832 37 79 governance governance NN en-wikipedia-org-832 37 80 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-832 37 81 another another DT en-wikipedia-org-832 37 82 state state NN en-wikipedia-org-832 37 83 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 38 1 Not not RB en-wikipedia-org-832 38 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-832 38 3 naïve naïve JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 38 4 teleological teleological JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 38 5 sequence sequence NN en-wikipedia-org-832 38 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 38 7 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-832 38 8 supersedes supersede VBZ en-wikipedia-org-832 38 9 colonialism colonialism NN en-wikipedia-org-832 38 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 38 11 post post JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 38 12 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 38 13 colonialism colonialism JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 38 14 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-832 38 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 38 16 rather rather RB en-wikipedia-org-832 38 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 38 18 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-832 38 19 engagement engagement NN en-wikipedia-org-832 38 20 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-832 38 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 38 22 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 38 23 contestation contestation NN en-wikipedia-org-832 38 24 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 38 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 38 26 colonialism colonialism NN en-wikipedia-org-832 38 27 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-832 38 28 discourses discourse NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 38 29 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 38 30 power power NN en-wikipedia-org-832 38 31 structures structure NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 38 32 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 38 33 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 38 34 social social JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 38 35 hierarchies hierarchy NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 38 36 ... ... : en-wikipedia-org-832 38 37 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-832 38 38 theory theory NN en-wikipedia-org-832 38 39 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 38 40 post post JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 38 41 - - NN en-wikipedia-org-832 38 42 colonialism colonialism NN en-wikipedia-org-832 38 43 must must MD en-wikipedia-org-832 38 44 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 38 45 then then RB en-wikipedia-org-832 38 46 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 38 47 respond respond VB en-wikipedia-org-832 38 48 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-832 38 49 more more JJR en-wikipedia-org-832 38 50 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-832 38 51 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 38 52 merely merely RB en-wikipedia-org-832 38 53 chronological chronological JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 38 54 construction construction NN en-wikipedia-org-832 38 55 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 38 56 post post NN en-wikipedia-org-832 38 57 - - NN en-wikipedia-org-832 38 58 independence independence NN en-wikipedia-org-832 38 59 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 38 60 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 38 61 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-832 38 62 more more JJR en-wikipedia-org-832 38 63 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-832 38 64 just just RB en-wikipedia-org-832 38 65 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 38 66 discursive discursive JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 38 67 experience experience NN en-wikipedia-org-832 38 68 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 38 69 imperialism imperialism NN en-wikipedia-org-832 38 70 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 39 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 39 2 term term NN en-wikipedia-org-832 39 3 post post NN en-wikipedia-org-832 39 4 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 39 5 colonialism colonialism NN en-wikipedia-org-832 39 6 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-832 39 7 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-832 39 8 applied apply VBN en-wikipedia-org-832 39 9 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-832 39 10 denote denote VB en-wikipedia-org-832 39 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 39 12 Mother Mother NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 39 13 Country Country NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 39 14 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-832 39 15 neocolonial neocolonial JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 39 16 control control NN en-wikipedia-org-832 39 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 39 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 39 19 decolonized decolonized JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 39 20 country country NN en-wikipedia-org-832 39 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 39 22 affected affect VBN en-wikipedia-org-832 39 23 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-832 39 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 39 25 legalistic legalistic JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 39 26 continuation continuation NN en-wikipedia-org-832 39 27 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 39 28 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 39 29 economic economic JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 39 30 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 39 31 cultural cultural JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 39 32 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 39 33 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 39 34 linguistic linguistic JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 39 35 power power NN en-wikipedia-org-832 39 36 relationships relationship NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 39 37 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-832 39 38 controlled control VBD en-wikipedia-org-832 39 39 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 39 40 colonial colonial JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 39 41 politics politic NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 39 42 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 39 43 knowledge knowledge NN en-wikipedia-org-832 39 44 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 39 45 i.e. i.e. FW en-wikipedia-org-832 39 46 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 39 47 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 39 48 generation generation NN en-wikipedia-org-832 39 49 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 39 50 production production NN en-wikipedia-org-832 39 51 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 39 52 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 39 53 distribution distribution NN en-wikipedia-org-832 39 54 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 39 55 knowledge knowledge NN en-wikipedia-org-832 39 56 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 39 57 about about IN en-wikipedia-org-832 39 58 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 39 59 colonized colonize VBN en-wikipedia-org-832 39 60 peoples people NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 39 61 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 39 62 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 39 63 non non JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 39 64 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 39 65 Western western JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 39 66 world world NN en-wikipedia-org-832 39 67 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 40 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 40 2 8][11 8][11 NN en-wikipedia-org-832 40 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 40 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 40 5 cultural cultural JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 40 6 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 40 7 religious religious JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 40 8 assumptions assumption NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 40 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 40 10 colonialist colonialist JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 40 11 logic logic NN en-wikipedia-org-832 40 12 remain remain VBP en-wikipedia-org-832 40 13 active active JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 40 14 practices practice NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 40 15 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-832 40 16 contemporary contemporary JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 40 17 society society NN en-wikipedia-org-832 40 18 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 40 19 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-832 40 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 40 21 basis basis NN en-wikipedia-org-832 40 22 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 40 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 40 24 Mother Mother NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 40 25 Country Country NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 40 26 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-832 40 27 neocolonial neocolonial JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 40 28 attitude attitude NN en-wikipedia-org-832 40 29 towards towards IN en-wikipedia-org-832 40 30 her -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-832 40 31 former former JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 40 32 colonial colonial JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 40 33 subjects subject NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 40 34 — — : en-wikipedia-org-832 40 35 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-832 40 36 economical economical JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 40 37 source source NN en-wikipedia-org-832 40 38 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 40 39 labour labour NN en-wikipedia-org-832 40 40 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 40 41 raw raw JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 40 42 materials material NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 40 43 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 41 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 41 2 12 12 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 41 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 41 4 Notable notable JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 41 5 theoreticians theoretician NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 41 6 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 41 7 theories[edit theories[edit LS en-wikipedia-org-832 41 8 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 41 9 Frantz Frantz NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 41 10 Fanon Fanon NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 41 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 41 12 subjugation[edit subjugation[edit LS en-wikipedia-org-832 41 13 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 41 14 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-832 41 15 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 41 16 Wretched Wretched NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 41 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 41 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 41 19 Earth Earth NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 41 20 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 41 21 1961 1961 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 41 22 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 41 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 41 24 psychiatrist psychiatrist NN en-wikipedia-org-832 41 25 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 41 26 philosopher philosopher NN en-wikipedia-org-832 41 27 Frantz Frantz NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 41 28 Fanon Fanon NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 41 29 analyzes analyze VBZ en-wikipedia-org-832 41 30 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 41 31 medically medically RB en-wikipedia-org-832 41 32 describes describe VBZ en-wikipedia-org-832 41 33 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 41 34 nature nature NN en-wikipedia-org-832 41 35 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 41 36 colonialism colonialism NN en-wikipedia-org-832 41 37 as as RB en-wikipedia-org-832 41 38 essentially essentially RB en-wikipedia-org-832 41 39 destructive destructive JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 41 40 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 42 1 Its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-832 42 2 societal societal JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 42 3 effects effect NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 42 4 — — : en-wikipedia-org-832 42 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 42 6 imposition imposition NN en-wikipedia-org-832 42 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 42 8 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-832 42 9 subjugating subjugating NN en-wikipedia-org-832 42 10 colonial colonial JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 42 11 identity identity NN en-wikipedia-org-832 42 12 — — : en-wikipedia-org-832 42 13 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-832 42 14 harmful harmful JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 42 15 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-832 42 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 42 17 mental mental JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 42 18 health health NN en-wikipedia-org-832 42 19 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 42 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 42 21 native native JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 42 22 peoples people NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 42 23 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-832 42 24 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-832 42 25 subjugated subjugate VBN en-wikipedia-org-832 42 26 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-832 42 27 colonies colony NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 42 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 43 1 Fanon Fanon NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 43 2 writes write VBZ en-wikipedia-org-832 43 3 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-832 43 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 43 5 ideological ideological JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 43 6 essence essence NN en-wikipedia-org-832 43 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 43 8 colonialism colonialism NN en-wikipedia-org-832 43 9 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-832 43 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 43 11 systematic systematic JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 43 12 denial denial NN en-wikipedia-org-832 43 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 43 14 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-832 43 15 all all DT en-wikipedia-org-832 43 16 attributes attribute NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 43 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 43 18 humanity humanity NN en-wikipedia-org-832 43 19 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-832 43 20 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 43 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 43 22 colonized colonize VBN en-wikipedia-org-832 43 23 people people NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 43 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 44 1 Such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 44 2 dehumanization dehumanization NN en-wikipedia-org-832 44 3 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-832 44 4 achieved achieve VBN en-wikipedia-org-832 44 5 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-832 44 6 physical physical JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 44 7 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 44 8 mental mental JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 44 9 violence violence NN en-wikipedia-org-832 44 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 44 11 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-832 44 12 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-832 44 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 44 14 colonist colonist NN en-wikipedia-org-832 44 15 means mean VBZ en-wikipedia-org-832 44 16 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-832 44 17 inculcate inculcate VB en-wikipedia-org-832 44 18 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-832 44 19 servile servile NN en-wikipedia-org-832 44 20 mentality mentality NN en-wikipedia-org-832 44 21 upon upon IN en-wikipedia-org-832 44 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 44 23 natives native NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 44 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 45 1 For for IN en-wikipedia-org-832 45 2 Fanon Fanon NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 45 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 45 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 45 5 natives native NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 45 6 must must MD en-wikipedia-org-832 45 7 violently violently RB en-wikipedia-org-832 45 8 resist resist VB en-wikipedia-org-832 45 9 colonial colonial JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 45 10 subjugation subjugation NN en-wikipedia-org-832 45 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 46 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 46 2 13 13 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 46 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 46 4 Hence hence RB en-wikipedia-org-832 46 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 46 6 Fanon Fanon NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 46 7 describes describe VBZ en-wikipedia-org-832 46 8 violent violent JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 46 9 resistance resistance NN en-wikipedia-org-832 46 10 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-832 46 11 colonialism colonialism NN en-wikipedia-org-832 46 12 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-832 46 13 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-832 46 14 mentally mentally RB en-wikipedia-org-832 46 15 cathartic cathartic JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 46 16 practise practise NN en-wikipedia-org-832 46 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 46 18 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-832 46 19 purges purge VBZ en-wikipedia-org-832 46 20 colonial colonial JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 46 21 servility servility NN en-wikipedia-org-832 46 22 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-832 46 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 46 24 native native JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 46 25 psyche psyche NN en-wikipedia-org-832 46 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 46 27 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 46 28 restores restore VBZ en-wikipedia-org-832 46 29 self self NN en-wikipedia-org-832 46 30 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-832 46 31 respect respect NN en-wikipedia-org-832 46 32 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-832 46 33 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 46 34 subjugated subjugate VBN en-wikipedia-org-832 46 35 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 47 1 Thus thus RB en-wikipedia-org-832 47 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 47 3 Fanon Fanon NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 47 4 actively actively RB en-wikipedia-org-832 47 5 supported support VBD en-wikipedia-org-832 47 6 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 47 7 participated participate VBD en-wikipedia-org-832 47 8 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-832 47 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 47 10 Algerian Algerian NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 47 11 Revolution Revolution NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 47 12 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 47 13 1954–62 1954–62 NN en-wikipedia-org-832 47 14 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 47 15 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-832 47 16 independence independence NN en-wikipedia-org-832 47 17 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-832 47 18 France France NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 47 19 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-832 47 20 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-832 47 21 member member NN en-wikipedia-org-832 47 22 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 47 23 representative representative NN en-wikipedia-org-832 47 24 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 47 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 47 26 Front Front NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 47 27 de de IN en-wikipedia-org-832 47 28 Libération Libération NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 47 29 Nationale Nationale NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 47 30 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 48 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 48 2 14 14 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 48 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 48 4 As as IN en-wikipedia-org-832 48 5 postcolonial postcolonial JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 48 6 praxis praxis NN en-wikipedia-org-832 48 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 48 8 Fanon Fanon NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 48 9 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-832 48 10 mental mental JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 48 11 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-832 48 12 health health NN en-wikipedia-org-832 48 13 analyses analysis NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 48 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 48 15 colonialism colonialism NN en-wikipedia-org-832 48 16 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 48 17 imperialism imperialism NN en-wikipedia-org-832 48 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 48 19 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 48 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 48 21 supporting support VBG en-wikipedia-org-832 48 22 economic economic JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 48 23 theories theory NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 48 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 48 25 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-832 48 26 partly partly RB en-wikipedia-org-832 48 27 derived derive VBN en-wikipedia-org-832 48 28 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-832 48 29 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 48 30 essay essay NN en-wikipedia-org-832 48 31 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-832 48 32 Imperialism imperialism NN en-wikipedia-org-832 48 33 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 48 34 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 48 35 Highest highest JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 48 36 Stage stage NN en-wikipedia-org-832 48 37 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 48 38 Capitalism Capitalism NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 48 39 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-832 48 40 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 48 41 1916 1916 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 48 42 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 48 43 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 48 44 wherein wherein WRB en-wikipedia-org-832 48 45 Vladimir Vladimir NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 48 46 Lenin Lenin NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 48 47 described describe VBD en-wikipedia-org-832 48 48 colonial colonial JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 48 49 imperialism imperialism NN en-wikipedia-org-832 48 50 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-832 48 51 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-832 48 52 advanced advanced JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 48 53 form form NN en-wikipedia-org-832 48 54 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 48 55 capitalism capitalism NN en-wikipedia-org-832 48 56 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 48 57 desperate desperate JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 48 58 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-832 48 59 growth growth NN en-wikipedia-org-832 48 60 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-832 48 61 all all DT en-wikipedia-org-832 48 62 costs cost NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 48 63 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 48 64 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 48 65 so so RB en-wikipedia-org-832 48 66 requires require VBZ en-wikipedia-org-832 48 67 more more JJR en-wikipedia-org-832 48 68 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 48 69 more more RBR en-wikipedia-org-832 48 70 human human JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 48 71 exploitation exploitation NN en-wikipedia-org-832 48 72 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-832 48 73 ensure ensure VB en-wikipedia-org-832 48 74 continually continually RB en-wikipedia-org-832 48 75 consistent consistent JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 48 76 profit profit NN en-wikipedia-org-832 48 77 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-832 48 78 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-832 48 79 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-832 48 80 investment investment NN en-wikipedia-org-832 48 81 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 49 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 49 2 15 15 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 49 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 49 4 Another another DT en-wikipedia-org-832 49 5 key key JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 49 6 book book NN en-wikipedia-org-832 49 7 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-832 49 8 predates predate VBZ en-wikipedia-org-832 49 9 postcolonial postcolonial JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 49 10 theories theory NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 49 11 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-832 49 12 Fanon Fanon NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 49 13 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-832 49 14 Black Black NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 49 15 Skins Skins NNPS en-wikipedia-org-832 49 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 49 17 White White NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 49 18 Masks Masks NNPS en-wikipedia-org-832 49 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 50 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-832 50 2 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-832 50 3 book book NN en-wikipedia-org-832 50 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 50 5 Fanon Fanon NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 50 6 discusses discuss VBZ en-wikipedia-org-832 50 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 50 8 logic logic NN en-wikipedia-org-832 50 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 50 10 colonial colonial JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 50 11 rule rule NN en-wikipedia-org-832 50 12 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-832 50 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 50 14 perspective perspective NN en-wikipedia-org-832 50 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 50 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 50 17 existential existential JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 50 18 experience experience NN en-wikipedia-org-832 50 19 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 50 20 racialized racialize VBN en-wikipedia-org-832 50 21 subjectivity subjectivity NN en-wikipedia-org-832 50 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 51 1 Fanon Fanon NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 51 2 treats treat VBZ en-wikipedia-org-832 51 3 colonialism colonialism NN en-wikipedia-org-832 51 4 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-832 51 5 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-832 51 6 total total JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 51 7 project project NN en-wikipedia-org-832 51 8 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-832 51 9 rules rule VBZ en-wikipedia-org-832 51 10 every every DT en-wikipedia-org-832 51 11 aspect aspect NN en-wikipedia-org-832 51 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 51 13 colonized colonize VBN en-wikipedia-org-832 51 14 peoples people NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 51 15 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 51 16 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-832 51 17 reality reality NN en-wikipedia-org-832 51 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 52 1 Fanon Fanon NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 52 2 reflects reflect VBZ en-wikipedia-org-832 52 3 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-832 52 4 colonialism colonialism NN en-wikipedia-org-832 52 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 52 6 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-832 52 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 52 8 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 52 9 racism racism NN en-wikipedia-org-832 52 10 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 52 11 asserts assert VBZ en-wikipedia-org-832 52 12 that that DT en-wikipedia-org-832 52 13 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-832 52 14 speak speak VB en-wikipedia-org-832 52 15 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-832 52 16 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-832 52 17 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-832 52 18 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-832 52 19 adopt adopt VB en-wikipedia-org-832 52 20 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-832 52 21 civilization civilization NN en-wikipedia-org-832 52 22 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 52 23 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-832 52 24 participate participate VB en-wikipedia-org-832 52 25 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-832 52 26 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 52 27 world world NN en-wikipedia-org-832 52 28 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 52 29 that that DT en-wikipedia-org-832 52 30 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-832 52 31 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 53 1 His -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-832 53 2 ideas idea NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 53 3 show show VBP en-wikipedia-org-832 53 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 53 5 influence influence NN en-wikipedia-org-832 53 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 53 7 French french JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 53 8 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 53 9 German german JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 53 10 philosophy philosophy NN en-wikipedia-org-832 53 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 53 12 since since IN en-wikipedia-org-832 53 13 existentialism existentialism NN en-wikipedia-org-832 53 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 53 15 phenomenology phenomenology NN en-wikipedia-org-832 53 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 53 17 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 53 18 hermeneutics hermeneutic NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 53 19 claim claim VBP en-wikipedia-org-832 53 20 that that DT en-wikipedia-org-832 53 21 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-832 53 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 53 23 subjectivity subjectivity NN en-wikipedia-org-832 53 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 53 25 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 53 26 reality reality NN en-wikipedia-org-832 53 27 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-832 53 28 interrelated interrelate VBN en-wikipedia-org-832 53 29 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 54 1 However however RB en-wikipedia-org-832 54 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 54 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 54 4 colonial colonial JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 54 5 situation situation NN en-wikipedia-org-832 54 6 presents present VBZ en-wikipedia-org-832 54 7 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-832 54 8 paradox paradox NN en-wikipedia-org-832 54 9 : : : en-wikipedia-org-832 54 10 when when WRB en-wikipedia-org-832 54 11 colonial colonial JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 54 12 beings being NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 54 13 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-832 54 14 forced force VBN en-wikipedia-org-832 54 15 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-832 54 16 adopt adopt VB en-wikipedia-org-832 54 17 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 54 18 speak speak VB en-wikipedia-org-832 54 19 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-832 54 20 imposed impose VBN en-wikipedia-org-832 54 21 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-832 54 22 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-832 54 23 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-832 54 24 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-832 54 25 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-832 54 26 own own JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 54 27 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 54 28 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-832 54 29 adopt adopt VBP en-wikipedia-org-832 54 30 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 54 31 participate participate VBP en-wikipedia-org-832 54 32 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-832 54 33 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 54 34 world world NN en-wikipedia-org-832 54 35 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 54 36 civilization civilization NN en-wikipedia-org-832 54 37 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 54 38 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 54 39 colonized colonize VBN en-wikipedia-org-832 54 40 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 55 1 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-832 55 2 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-832 55 3 results result VBZ en-wikipedia-org-832 55 4 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-832 55 5 centuries century NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 55 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 55 7 colonial colonial JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 55 8 domination domination NN en-wikipedia-org-832 55 9 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-832 55 10 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-832 55 11 aimed aim VBN en-wikipedia-org-832 55 12 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-832 55 13 eliminating eliminate VBG en-wikipedia-org-832 55 14 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 55 15 expressive expressive JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 55 16 forms form NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 55 17 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-832 55 18 order order NN en-wikipedia-org-832 55 19 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-832 55 20 reflect reflect VB en-wikipedia-org-832 55 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 55 22 world world NN en-wikipedia-org-832 55 23 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 55 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 55 25 colonizer colonizer NN en-wikipedia-org-832 55 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 56 1 As as IN en-wikipedia-org-832 56 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-832 56 3 consequence consequence NN en-wikipedia-org-832 56 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 56 5 when when WRB en-wikipedia-org-832 56 6 colonial colonial JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 56 7 beings being NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 56 8 speak speak VBP en-wikipedia-org-832 56 9 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-832 56 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 56 11 colonized colonize VBN en-wikipedia-org-832 56 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 56 13 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-832 56 14 participate participate VBP en-wikipedia-org-832 56 15 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-832 56 16 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-832 56 17 own own JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 56 18 oppression oppression NN en-wikipedia-org-832 56 19 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 56 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 56 21 very very JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 56 22 structures structure NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 56 23 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 56 24 alienation alienation NN en-wikipedia-org-832 56 25 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-832 56 26 reflected reflect VBN en-wikipedia-org-832 56 27 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-832 56 28 all all DT en-wikipedia-org-832 56 29 aspects aspect NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 56 30 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 56 31 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-832 56 32 adopted adopt VBN en-wikipedia-org-832 56 33 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-832 56 34 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 57 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 57 2 16 16 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 57 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 57 4 Edward Edward NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 57 5 Said Said NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 57 6 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 57 7 orientalism[edit orientalism[edit LS en-wikipedia-org-832 57 8 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 57 9 Cultural cultural JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 57 10 critic critic NN en-wikipedia-org-832 57 11 Edward Edward NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 57 12 Said Said NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 57 13 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-832 57 14 considered consider VBN en-wikipedia-org-832 57 15 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-832 57 16 E. E. NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 57 17 San San NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 57 18 Juan Juan NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 57 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 57 20 Jr. Jr. NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 57 21 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-832 57 22 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-832 57 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 57 24 originator originator NN en-wikipedia-org-832 57 25 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 57 26 inspiring inspire VBG en-wikipedia-org-832 57 27 patron patron NN en-wikipedia-org-832 57 28 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-832 57 29 saint saint NN en-wikipedia-org-832 57 30 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 57 31 postcolonial postcolonial JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 57 32 theory theory NN en-wikipedia-org-832 57 33 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 57 34 discourse discourse NN en-wikipedia-org-832 57 35 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-832 57 36 due due IN en-wikipedia-org-832 57 37 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-832 57 38 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-832 57 39 interpretation interpretation NN en-wikipedia-org-832 57 40 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 57 41 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 57 42 theory theory NN en-wikipedia-org-832 57 43 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 57 44 orientalism orientalism NN en-wikipedia-org-832 57 45 explained explain VBD en-wikipedia-org-832 57 46 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-832 57 47 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-832 57 48 1978 1978 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 57 49 book book NN en-wikipedia-org-832 57 50 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 57 51 Orientalism Orientalism NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 57 52 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 58 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 58 2 17 17 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 58 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 58 4 To to TO en-wikipedia-org-832 58 5 describe describe VB en-wikipedia-org-832 58 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 58 7 us us NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 58 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-832 58 9 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 58 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-832 58 11 them -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-832 58 12 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-832 58 13 binary binary JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 58 14 social social JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 58 15 relation relation NN en-wikipedia-org-832 58 16 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-832 58 17 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-832 58 18 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-832 58 19 Western Western NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 58 20 Europe Europe NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 58 21 intellectually intellectually RB en-wikipedia-org-832 58 22 divided divide VBD en-wikipedia-org-832 58 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 58 24 world world NN en-wikipedia-org-832 58 25 — — : en-wikipedia-org-832 58 26 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-832 58 27 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 58 28 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-832 58 29 Occident Occident NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 58 30 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-832 58 31 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 58 32 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 58 33 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-832 58 34 Orient"—Said Orient"—Said NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 58 35 developed develop VBD en-wikipedia-org-832 58 36 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 58 37 denotations denotation NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 58 38 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 58 39 connotations connotation NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 58 40 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 58 41 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 58 42 term term NN en-wikipedia-org-832 58 43 orientalism orientalism NN en-wikipedia-org-832 58 44 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 58 45 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-832 58 46 art art NN en-wikipedia-org-832 58 47 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-832 58 48 history history NN en-wikipedia-org-832 58 49 term term NN en-wikipedia-org-832 58 50 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-832 58 51 Western western JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 58 52 depictions depiction NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 58 53 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 58 54 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 58 55 study study NN en-wikipedia-org-832 58 56 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 58 57 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 58 58 Orient Orient NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 58 59 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 58 60 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 59 1 Said Said NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 59 2 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-832 59 3 concept concept NN en-wikipedia-org-832 59 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 59 5 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-832 59 6 he -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-832 59 7 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-832 59 8 termed term VBD en-wikipedia-org-832 59 9 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-832 59 10 orientalism orientalism NN en-wikipedia-org-832 59 11 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-832 59 12 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 59 13 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-832 59 14 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-832 59 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 59 16 cultural cultural JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 59 17 representations representation NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 59 18 generated generate VBN en-wikipedia-org-832 59 19 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-832 59 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 59 21 us us NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 59 22 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-832 59 23 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 59 24 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-832 59 25 them -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-832 59 26 binary binary JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 59 27 relation relation NN en-wikipedia-org-832 59 28 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-832 59 29 social social JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 59 30 constructs construct NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 59 31 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 59 32 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-832 59 33 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-832 59 34 mutually mutually RB en-wikipedia-org-832 59 35 constitutive constitutive JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 59 36 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 59 37 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-832 59 38 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-832 59 39 exist exist VB en-wikipedia-org-832 59 40 independent independent JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 59 41 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 59 42 each each DT en-wikipedia-org-832 59 43 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 59 44 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 59 45 because because IN en-wikipedia-org-832 59 46 each each DT en-wikipedia-org-832 59 47 exists exist VBZ en-wikipedia-org-832 59 48 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-832 59 49 account account NN en-wikipedia-org-832 59 50 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 59 51 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 59 52 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-832 59 53 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 59 54 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 59 55 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 60 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 60 2 18 18 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 60 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 60 4 Notably notably RB en-wikipedia-org-832 60 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 60 6 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-832 60 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 60 8 West West NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 60 9 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-832 60 10 created create VBD en-wikipedia-org-832 60 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 60 12 cultural cultural JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 60 13 concept concept NN en-wikipedia-org-832 60 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 60 15 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-832 60 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 60 17 East East NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 60 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 60 19 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-832 60 20 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-832 60 21 according accord VBG en-wikipedia-org-832 60 22 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-832 60 23 Said Said NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 60 24 allowed allow VBD en-wikipedia-org-832 60 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 60 26 Europeans Europeans NNPS en-wikipedia-org-832 60 27 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-832 60 28 suppress suppress VB en-wikipedia-org-832 60 29 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 60 30 peoples people NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 60 31 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 60 32 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 60 33 Middle Middle NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 60 34 East East NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 60 35 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 60 36 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 60 37 Indian Indian NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 60 38 Subcontinent Subcontinent NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 60 39 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 60 40 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 60 41 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 60 42 Asia Asia NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 60 43 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-832 60 44 general general JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 60 45 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 60 46 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-832 60 47 expressing express VBG en-wikipedia-org-832 60 48 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 60 49 representing represent VBG en-wikipedia-org-832 60 50 themselves -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-832 60 51 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-832 60 52 discrete discrete JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 60 53 peoples people NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 60 54 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 60 55 cultures culture NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 60 56 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 61 1 Orientalism orientalism NN en-wikipedia-org-832 61 2 thus thus RB en-wikipedia-org-832 61 3 conflated conflate VBD en-wikipedia-org-832 61 4 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 61 5 reduced reduce VBD en-wikipedia-org-832 61 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 61 7 non non JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 61 8 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 61 9 Western western JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 61 10 world world NN en-wikipedia-org-832 61 11 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-832 61 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 61 13 homogeneous homogeneous JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 61 14 cultural cultural JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 61 15 entity entity NN en-wikipedia-org-832 61 16 known know VBN en-wikipedia-org-832 61 17 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-832 61 18 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-832 61 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 61 20 East East NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 61 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 61 22 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-832 62 1 Therefore therefore RB en-wikipedia-org-832 62 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 62 3 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-832 62 4 service service NN en-wikipedia-org-832 62 5 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-832 62 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 62 7 colonial colonial JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 62 8 type type NN en-wikipedia-org-832 62 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 62 10 imperialism imperialism NN en-wikipedia-org-832 62 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 62 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 62 13 us us NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 62 14 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-832 62 15 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 62 16 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-832 62 17 them -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-832 62 18 Orientalist orientalist JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 62 19 paradigm paradigm NN en-wikipedia-org-832 62 20 allowed allow VBD en-wikipedia-org-832 62 21 European european JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 62 22 scholars scholar NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 62 23 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-832 62 24 represent represent VB en-wikipedia-org-832 62 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 62 26 Oriental Oriental NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 62 27 World World NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 62 28 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-832 62 29 inferior inferior JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 62 30 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 62 31 backward backward JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 62 32 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 62 33 irrational irrational JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 62 34 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 62 35 wild wild JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 62 36 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 62 37 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-832 62 38 opposed oppose VBN en-wikipedia-org-832 62 39 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-832 62 40 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-832 62 41 Western Western NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 62 42 Europe Europe NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 62 43 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-832 62 44 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-832 62 45 superior superior JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 62 46 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 62 47 progressive progressive JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 62 48 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 62 49 rational rational JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 62 50 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 62 51 civil civil JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 62 52 — — : en-wikipedia-org-832 62 53 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 62 54 opposite opposite NN en-wikipedia-org-832 62 55 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 62 56 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 62 57 Oriental Oriental NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 62 58 Other Other NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 62 59 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 63 1 Reviewing Reviewing NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 63 2 Said Said NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 63 3 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-832 63 4 Orientalism Orientalism NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 63 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 63 6 1978 1978 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 63 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 63 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 63 9 A. a. NN en-wikipedia-org-832 63 10 Madhavan Madhavan NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 63 11 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 63 12 1993 1993 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 63 13 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 63 14 says say VBZ en-wikipedia-org-832 63 15 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-832 63 16 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-832 63 17 Said Said NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 63 18 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-832 63 19 passionate passionate JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 63 20 thesis thesis NN en-wikipedia-org-832 63 21 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-832 63 22 that that DT en-wikipedia-org-832 63 23 book book NN en-wikipedia-org-832 63 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 63 25 now now RB en-wikipedia-org-832 63 26 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-832 63 27 ' ' `` en-wikipedia-org-832 63 28 almost almost RB en-wikipedia-org-832 63 29 canonical canonical JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 63 30 study study NN en-wikipedia-org-832 63 31 ' ' '' en-wikipedia-org-832 63 32 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 63 33 represented represent VBD en-wikipedia-org-832 63 34 Orientalism Orientalism NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 63 35 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-832 63 36 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-832 63 37 ' ' `` en-wikipedia-org-832 63 38 style style NN en-wikipedia-org-832 63 39 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 63 40 thought thought NN en-wikipedia-org-832 63 41 ' ' '' en-wikipedia-org-832 63 42 based base VBN en-wikipedia-org-832 63 43 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-832 63 44 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 63 45 antinomy antinomy NN en-wikipedia-org-832 63 46 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 63 47 East East NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 63 48 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 63 49 West West NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 63 50 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-832 63 51 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-832 63 52 world world NN en-wikipedia-org-832 63 53 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-832 63 54 views view NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 63 55 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 63 56 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 63 57 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-832 63 58 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-832 63 59 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-832 63 60 ' ' `` en-wikipedia-org-832 63 61 corporate corporate JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 63 62 institution institution NN en-wikipedia-org-832 63 63 ' ' '' en-wikipedia-org-832 63 64 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-832 63 65 dealing deal VBG en-wikipedia-org-832 63 66 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-832 63 67 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 63 68 Orient Orient NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 63 69 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 64 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-832 64 2 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 64 3 19 19 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 64 4 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 64 5 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-832 64 6 concordance concordance NN en-wikipedia-org-832 64 7 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-832 64 8 philosopher philosopher NN en-wikipedia-org-832 64 9 Michel Michel NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 64 10 Foucault Foucault NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 64 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 64 12 Said Said NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 64 13 established establish VBD en-wikipedia-org-832 64 14 that that DT en-wikipedia-org-832 64 15 power power NN en-wikipedia-org-832 64 16 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 64 17 knowledge knowledge NN en-wikipedia-org-832 64 18 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-832 64 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 64 20 inseparable inseparable JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 64 21 components component NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 64 22 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 64 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 64 24 intellectual intellectual JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 64 25 binary binary JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 64 26 relationship relationship NN en-wikipedia-org-832 64 27 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-832 64 28 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-832 64 29 Occidentals occidental NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 64 30 claim claim VBP en-wikipedia-org-832 64 31 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-832 64 32 knowledge knowledge NN en-wikipedia-org-832 64 33 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 64 34 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 64 35 Orient Orient NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 64 36 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 64 37 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-832 65 1 That that IN en-wikipedia-org-832 65 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 65 3 applied applied JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 65 4 power power NN en-wikipedia-org-832 65 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 65 6 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 65 7 cultural cultural JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 65 8 knowledge knowledge NN en-wikipedia-org-832 65 9 allowed allow VBN en-wikipedia-org-832 65 10 Europeans Europeans NNPS en-wikipedia-org-832 65 11 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-832 65 12 rename rename VB en-wikipedia-org-832 65 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 65 14 re re JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 65 15 - - NN en-wikipedia-org-832 65 16 define define VB en-wikipedia-org-832 65 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 65 18 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 65 19 thereby thereby RB en-wikipedia-org-832 65 20 control control VB en-wikipedia-org-832 65 21 Oriental oriental JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 65 22 peoples people NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 65 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 65 24 places place NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 65 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 65 26 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 65 27 things thing NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 65 28 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 65 29 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-832 65 30 imperial imperial JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 65 31 colonies colony NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 65 32 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 66 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 66 2 11 11 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 66 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 66 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 66 5 power power NN en-wikipedia-org-832 66 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-832 66 7 knowledge knowledge NN en-wikipedia-org-832 66 8 binary binary JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 66 9 relation relation NN en-wikipedia-org-832 66 10 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-832 66 11 conceptually conceptually RB en-wikipedia-org-832 66 12 essential essential JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 66 13 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-832 66 14 identify identify VB en-wikipedia-org-832 66 15 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 66 16 understand understand VB en-wikipedia-org-832 66 17 colonialism colonialism NN en-wikipedia-org-832 66 18 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-832 66 19 general general JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 66 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 66 21 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 66 22 European european JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 66 23 colonialism colonialism NN en-wikipedia-org-832 66 24 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-832 66 25 particular particular JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 66 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 67 1 Hence hence RB en-wikipedia-org-832 67 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 67 3 To to IN en-wikipedia-org-832 67 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 67 5 extent extent NN en-wikipedia-org-832 67 6 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-832 67 7 Western western JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 67 8 scholars scholar NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 67 9 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-832 67 10 aware aware JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 67 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 67 12 contemporary contemporary JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 67 13 Orientals oriental NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 67 14 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-832 67 15 Oriental oriental JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 67 16 movements movement NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 67 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 67 18 thought thought NN en-wikipedia-org-832 67 19 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 67 20 culture culture NN en-wikipedia-org-832 67 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 67 22 these these DT en-wikipedia-org-832 67 23 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-832 67 24 perceived perceive VBN en-wikipedia-org-832 67 25 either either CC en-wikipedia-org-832 67 26 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-832 67 27 silent silent JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 67 28 shadows shadow NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 67 29 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-832 67 30 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-832 67 31 animated animate VBN en-wikipedia-org-832 67 32 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-832 67 33 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 67 34 Orientalist Orientalist NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 67 35 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 67 36 brought bring VBN en-wikipedia-org-832 67 37 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-832 67 38 reality reality NN en-wikipedia-org-832 67 39 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-832 67 40 them -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-832 67 41 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-832 67 42 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-832 67 43 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-832 67 44 kind kind NN en-wikipedia-org-832 67 45 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 67 46 cultural cultural JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 67 47 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 67 48 international international JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 67 49 proletariat proletariat NN en-wikipedia-org-832 67 50 useful useful JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 67 51 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-832 67 52 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 67 53 Orientalist Orientalist NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 67 54 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-832 67 55 grander grander NN en-wikipedia-org-832 67 56 interpretive interpretive JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 67 57 activity activity NN en-wikipedia-org-832 67 58 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 68 1 — — : en-wikipedia-org-832 68 2     _SP en-wikipedia-org-832 68 3 Orientalism Orientalism NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 68 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 68 5 1978 1978 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 68 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 68 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 68 8 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-832 69 1 208 208 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 69 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 70 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 70 2 20 20 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 70 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 70 4 Nonetheless nonetheless RB en-wikipedia-org-832 70 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 70 6 critics critic NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 70 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 70 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 70 9 homogeneous homogeneous JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 70 10 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-832 70 11 Occident Occident NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 70 12 – – : en-wikipedia-org-832 70 13 Orient Orient NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 70 14 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-832 70 15 binary binary JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 70 16 social social JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 70 17 relation relation NN en-wikipedia-org-832 70 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 70 19 say say VBP en-wikipedia-org-832 70 20 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-832 70 21 Orientalism Orientalism NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 70 22 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-832 70 23 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 70 24 limited limited JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 70 25 descriptive descriptive JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 70 26 capability capability NN en-wikipedia-org-832 70 27 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 70 28 practical practical JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 70 29 application application NN en-wikipedia-org-832 70 30 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 70 31 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 70 32 propose propose VB en-wikipedia-org-832 70 33 instead instead RB en-wikipedia-org-832 70 34 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-832 70 35 there there EX en-wikipedia-org-832 70 36 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-832 70 37 variants variant NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 70 38 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 70 39 Orientalism Orientalism NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 70 40 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-832 70 41 apply apply VBP en-wikipedia-org-832 70 42 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-832 70 43 Africa Africa NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 70 44 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 70 45 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-832 70 46 Latin Latin NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 70 47 America America NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 70 48 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 71 1 Said say VBD en-wikipedia-org-832 71 2 response response NN en-wikipedia-org-832 71 3 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-832 71 4 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-832 71 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 71 6 European European NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 71 7 West West NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 71 8 applied apply VBD en-wikipedia-org-832 71 9 Orientalism Orientalism NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 71 10 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-832 71 11 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-832 71 12 homogeneous homogeneous JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 71 13 form form NN en-wikipedia-org-832 71 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 71 15 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 71 16 Other Other NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 71 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 71 18 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-832 71 19 order order NN en-wikipedia-org-832 71 20 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-832 71 21 facilitate facilitate VB en-wikipedia-org-832 71 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 71 23 formation formation NN en-wikipedia-org-832 71 24 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 71 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 71 26 cohesive cohesive JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 71 27 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 71 28 collective collective JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 71 29 European european JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 71 30 cultural cultural JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 71 31 identity identity NN en-wikipedia-org-832 71 32 denoted denote VBN en-wikipedia-org-832 71 33 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-832 71 34 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 71 35 term term NN en-wikipedia-org-832 71 36 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-832 71 37 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 71 38 West West NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 71 39 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 72 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-832 72 2 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 72 3 21 21 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 72 4 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 72 5 With with IN en-wikipedia-org-832 72 6 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-832 72 7 described describe VBN en-wikipedia-org-832 72 8 binary binary JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 72 9 logic logic NN en-wikipedia-org-832 72 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 72 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 72 12 West West NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 72 13 generally generally RB en-wikipedia-org-832 72 14 constructs construct VBZ en-wikipedia-org-832 72 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 72 16 Orient Orient NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 72 17 subconsciously subconsciously RB en-wikipedia-org-832 72 18 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-832 72 19 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-832 72 20 alter alter NN en-wikipedia-org-832 72 21 ego ego NN en-wikipedia-org-832 72 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 73 1 Therefore therefore RB en-wikipedia-org-832 73 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 73 3 descriptions description NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 73 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 73 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 73 6 Orient Orient NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 73 7 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-832 73 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 73 9 Occident occident JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 73 10 lack lack NN en-wikipedia-org-832 73 11 material material NN en-wikipedia-org-832 73 12 attributes attribute NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 73 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 73 14 grounded ground VBN en-wikipedia-org-832 73 15 within within IN en-wikipedia-org-832 73 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 73 17 land land NN en-wikipedia-org-832 73 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 74 1 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-832 74 2 inventive inventive JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 74 3 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-832 74 4 imaginative imaginative JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 74 5 interpretation interpretation NN en-wikipedia-org-832 74 6 subscribes subscribe VBZ en-wikipedia-org-832 74 7 female female JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 74 8 characteristics characteristic NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 74 9 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-832 74 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 74 11 Orient Orient NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 74 12 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 74 13 plays play VBZ en-wikipedia-org-832 74 14 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-832 74 15 fantasies fantasy NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 74 16 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-832 74 17 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-832 74 18 inherent inherent JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 74 19 within within IN en-wikipedia-org-832 74 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 74 21 West West NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 74 22 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-832 74 23 alter alter NN en-wikipedia-org-832 74 24 ego ego NN en-wikipedia-org-832 74 25 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 75 1 It -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-832 75 2 should should MD en-wikipedia-org-832 75 3 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-832 75 4 understood understand VBN en-wikipedia-org-832 75 5 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-832 75 6 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-832 75 7 process process NN en-wikipedia-org-832 75 8 draws draw VBZ en-wikipedia-org-832 75 9 creativity creativity NN en-wikipedia-org-832 75 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 75 11 amounting amount VBG en-wikipedia-org-832 75 12 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-832 75 13 entire entire JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 75 14 domain domain NN en-wikipedia-org-832 75 15 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 75 16 discourse discourse NN en-wikipedia-org-832 75 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 76 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-832 76 2 Orientalism Orientalism NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 76 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 76 4 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-832 76 5 6 6 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 76 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 76 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 76 8 Said say VBD en-wikipedia-org-832 76 9 mentions mention VBZ en-wikipedia-org-832 76 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 76 11 production production NN en-wikipedia-org-832 76 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 76 13 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-832 76 14 philology philology NN en-wikipedia-org-832 76 15 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 76 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 76 17 study study NN en-wikipedia-org-832 76 18 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 76 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 76 20 history history NN en-wikipedia-org-832 76 21 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 76 22 languages language NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 76 23 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 76 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 76 25 lexicography lexicography NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 76 26 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 76 27 dictionary dictionary NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 76 28 making making NN en-wikipedia-org-832 76 29 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 76 30 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 76 31 history history NN en-wikipedia-org-832 76 32 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 76 33 biology biology NN en-wikipedia-org-832 76 34 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 76 35 political political JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 76 36 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 76 37 economic economic JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 76 38 theory theory NN en-wikipedia-org-832 76 39 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 76 40 novel novel NN en-wikipedia-org-832 76 41 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-832 76 42 writing writing NN en-wikipedia-org-832 76 43 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 76 44 lyric lyric NN en-wikipedia-org-832 76 45 poetry poetry NN en-wikipedia-org-832 76 46 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 76 47 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-832 77 1 Therefore therefore RB en-wikipedia-org-832 77 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 77 3 there there EX en-wikipedia-org-832 77 4 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-832 77 5 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-832 77 6 entire entire JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 77 7 industry industry NN en-wikipedia-org-832 77 8 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-832 77 9 exploits exploit VBZ en-wikipedia-org-832 77 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 77 11 Orient Orient NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 77 12 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-832 77 13 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-832 77 14 own own JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 77 15 subjective subjective JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 77 16 purposes purpose NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 77 17 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-832 77 18 lack lack VBP en-wikipedia-org-832 77 19 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-832 77 20 native native JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 77 21 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 77 22 intimate intimate JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 77 23 understanding understanding NN en-wikipedia-org-832 77 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 78 1 Such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 78 2 industries industry NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 78 3 become become VBP en-wikipedia-org-832 78 4 institutionalized institutionalized JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 78 5 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 78 6 eventually eventually RB en-wikipedia-org-832 78 7 become become VB en-wikipedia-org-832 78 8 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-832 78 9 resource resource NN en-wikipedia-org-832 78 10 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-832 78 11 manifest manif JJS en-wikipedia-org-832 78 12 Orientalism orientalism NN en-wikipedia-org-832 78 13 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-832 78 14 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-832 78 15 compilation compilation NN en-wikipedia-org-832 78 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 78 17 misinformation misinformation NN en-wikipedia-org-832 78 18 about about IN en-wikipedia-org-832 78 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 78 20 Orient Orient NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 78 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 79 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 79 2 22 22 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 79 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 79 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 79 5 ideology ideology NN en-wikipedia-org-832 79 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 79 7 Empire empire NN en-wikipedia-org-832 79 8 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-832 79 9 hardly hardly RB en-wikipedia-org-832 79 10 ever ever RB en-wikipedia-org-832 79 11 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-832 79 12 brute brute JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 79 13 jingoism jingoism NN en-wikipedia-org-832 79 14 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-832 79 15 rather rather RB en-wikipedia-org-832 79 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 79 17 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-832 79 18 made make VBD en-wikipedia-org-832 79 19 subtle subtle JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 79 20 use use NN en-wikipedia-org-832 79 21 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 79 22 reason reason NN en-wikipedia-org-832 79 23 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 79 24 recruited recruit VBD en-wikipedia-org-832 79 25 science science NN en-wikipedia-org-832 79 26 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 79 27 history history NN en-wikipedia-org-832 79 28 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-832 79 29 serve serve VB en-wikipedia-org-832 79 30 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-832 79 31 ends end NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 79 32 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 80 1 — — : en-wikipedia-org-832 80 2     _SP en-wikipedia-org-832 80 3 Rana Rana NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 80 4 Kabbani Kabbani NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 80 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 80 6 Imperial Imperial NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 80 7 Fictions Fictions NNPS en-wikipedia-org-832 80 8 : : : en-wikipedia-org-832 80 9 Europe Europe NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 80 10 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-832 80 11 Myths Myths NNPS en-wikipedia-org-832 80 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 80 13 Orient Orient NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 80 14 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 80 15 1994 1994 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 80 16 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 80 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 80 18 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-832 80 19 6 6 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 80 20 These these DT en-wikipedia-org-832 80 21 subjective subjective JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 80 22 fields field NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 80 23 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 80 24 academia academia NN en-wikipedia-org-832 80 25 now now RB en-wikipedia-org-832 80 26 synthesize synthesize VBP en-wikipedia-org-832 80 27 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 80 28 political political JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 80 29 resources resource NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 80 30 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 80 31 think think NN en-wikipedia-org-832 80 32 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-832 80 33 tanks tank NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 80 34 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-832 80 35 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-832 80 36 so so RB en-wikipedia-org-832 80 37 common common JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 80 38 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-832 80 39 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 80 40 West West NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 80 41 today today NN en-wikipedia-org-832 80 42 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 81 1 Orientalism orientalism NN en-wikipedia-org-832 81 2 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-832 81 3 self self NN en-wikipedia-org-832 81 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-832 81 5 perpetuating perpetuate VBG en-wikipedia-org-832 81 6 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-832 81 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 81 8 extent extent NN en-wikipedia-org-832 81 9 that that WRB en-wikipedia-org-832 81 10 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-832 81 11 becomes become VBZ en-wikipedia-org-832 81 12 normalized normalized JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 81 13 within within IN en-wikipedia-org-832 81 14 common common JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 81 15 discourse discourse NN en-wikipedia-org-832 81 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 81 17 making make VBG en-wikipedia-org-832 81 18 people people NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 81 19 say say VB en-wikipedia-org-832 81 20 things thing NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 81 21 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-832 81 22 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-832 81 23 latent latent JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 81 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 81 25 impulsive impulsive JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 81 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 81 27 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-832 81 28 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-832 81 29 fully fully RB en-wikipedia-org-832 81 30 conscious conscious JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 81 31 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 81 32 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-832 81 33 own own JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 81 34 self self NN en-wikipedia-org-832 81 35 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 82 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 82 2 23]:49–52 23]:49–52 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 82 3 Gayatri Gayatri NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 82 4 Spivak Spivak NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 82 5 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 82 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 82 7 subaltern[edit subaltern[edit NN en-wikipedia-org-832 82 8 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 82 9 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-832 82 10 establishing establish VBG en-wikipedia-org-832 82 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 82 12 Postcolonial postcolonial JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 82 13 definition definition NN en-wikipedia-org-832 82 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 82 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 82 16 term term NN en-wikipedia-org-832 82 17 subaltern subaltern NN en-wikipedia-org-832 82 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 82 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 82 20 philosopher philosopher NN en-wikipedia-org-832 82 21 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 82 22 theoretician theoretician JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 82 23 Gayatri Gayatri NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 82 24 Chakravorty Chakravorty NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 82 25 Spivak Spivak NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 82 26 cautioned caution VBD en-wikipedia-org-832 82 27 against against IN en-wikipedia-org-832 82 28 assigning assign VBG en-wikipedia-org-832 82 29 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-832 82 30 over over IN en-wikipedia-org-832 82 31 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-832 82 32 broad broad JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 82 33 connotation connotation NN en-wikipedia-org-832 82 34 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 83 1 She -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-832 83 2 argues:[24 argues:[24 , en-wikipedia-org-832 83 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 83 4 ... ... NFP en-wikipedia-org-832 83 5 subaltern subaltern NN en-wikipedia-org-832 83 6 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-832 83 7 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-832 83 8 just just RB en-wikipedia-org-832 83 9 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-832 83 10 classy classy JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 83 11 word word NN en-wikipedia-org-832 83 12 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-832 83 13 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-832 83 14 oppressed oppress VBN en-wikipedia-org-832 83 15 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-832 83 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 83 17 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-832 83 18 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 83 19 Other Other NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 83 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 83 21 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-832 83 22 somebody somebody NN en-wikipedia-org-832 83 23 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-832 83 24 's be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-832 83 25 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-832 83 26 getting get VBG en-wikipedia-org-832 83 27 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-832 83 28 piece piece NN en-wikipedia-org-832 83 29 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 83 30 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 83 31 pie pie NN en-wikipedia-org-832 83 32 ... ... . en-wikipedia-org-832 84 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-832 84 2 postcolonial postcolonial JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 84 3 terms term NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 84 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 84 5 everything everything NN en-wikipedia-org-832 84 6 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-832 84 7 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-832 84 8 limited limit VBN en-wikipedia-org-832 84 9 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-832 84 10 no no DT en-wikipedia-org-832 84 11 access access NN en-wikipedia-org-832 84 12 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-832 84 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 84 14 cultural cultural JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 84 15 imperialism imperialism NN en-wikipedia-org-832 84 16 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-832 84 17 subaltern subaltern JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 84 18 — — : en-wikipedia-org-832 84 19 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-832 84 20 space space NN en-wikipedia-org-832 84 21 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 84 22 difference difference NN en-wikipedia-org-832 84 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 85 1 Now now RB en-wikipedia-org-832 85 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 85 3 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-832 85 4 would would MD en-wikipedia-org-832 85 5 say say VB en-wikipedia-org-832 85 6 that that DT en-wikipedia-org-832 85 7 's be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-832 85 8 just just RB en-wikipedia-org-832 85 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 85 10 oppressed oppress VBN en-wikipedia-org-832 85 11 ? ? . en-wikipedia-org-832 86 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 86 2 working working NN en-wikipedia-org-832 86 3 class class NN en-wikipedia-org-832 86 4 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-832 86 5 oppressed oppress VBN en-wikipedia-org-832 86 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 87 1 It -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-832 87 2 's be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-832 87 3 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-832 87 4 subaltern subaltern JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 87 5 .... .... . en-wikipedia-org-832 88 1 Many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 88 2 people people NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 88 3 want want VBP en-wikipedia-org-832 88 4 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-832 88 5 claim claim VB en-wikipedia-org-832 88 6 subalternity subalternity NN en-wikipedia-org-832 88 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 89 1 They -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-832 89 2 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-832 89 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 89 4 least least RBS en-wikipedia-org-832 89 5 interesting interesting JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 89 6 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 89 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 89 8 most most RBS en-wikipedia-org-832 89 9 dangerous dangerous JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 89 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 90 1 I -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-832 90 2 mean mean VBP en-wikipedia-org-832 90 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 90 4 just just RB en-wikipedia-org-832 90 5 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-832 90 6 being be VBG en-wikipedia-org-832 90 7 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-832 90 8 discriminated discriminate VBN en-wikipedia-org-832 90 9 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-832 90 10 against against IN en-wikipedia-org-832 90 11 minority minority NN en-wikipedia-org-832 90 12 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-832 90 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 90 14 university university NN en-wikipedia-org-832 90 15 campus campus NN en-wikipedia-org-832 90 16 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-832 90 17 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-832 90 18 do do VBP en-wikipedia-org-832 90 19 n't not RB en-wikipedia-org-832 90 20 need need VB en-wikipedia-org-832 90 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 90 22 word word NN en-wikipedia-org-832 90 23 ' ' `` en-wikipedia-org-832 90 24 subaltern subaltern NN en-wikipedia-org-832 90 25 ' ' '' en-wikipedia-org-832 90 26 ... ... : en-wikipedia-org-832 91 1 They -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-832 91 2 should should MD en-wikipedia-org-832 91 3 see see VB en-wikipedia-org-832 91 4 what what WP en-wikipedia-org-832 91 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 91 6 mechanics mechanic NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 91 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 91 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 91 9 discrimination discrimination NN en-wikipedia-org-832 91 10 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-832 91 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 92 1 They -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-832 92 2 're be VBP en-wikipedia-org-832 92 3 within within IN en-wikipedia-org-832 92 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 92 5 hegemonic hegemonic JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 92 6 discourse discourse NN en-wikipedia-org-832 92 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 92 8 wanting want VBG en-wikipedia-org-832 92 9 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-832 92 10 piece piece NN en-wikipedia-org-832 92 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 92 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 92 13 pie pie NN en-wikipedia-org-832 92 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 92 15 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 92 16 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-832 92 17 being be VBG en-wikipedia-org-832 92 18 allowed allow VBN en-wikipedia-org-832 92 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 92 20 so so RB en-wikipedia-org-832 92 21 let let VB en-wikipedia-org-832 92 22 them -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-832 92 23 speak speak VB en-wikipedia-org-832 92 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 92 25 use use VB en-wikipedia-org-832 92 26 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 92 27 hegemonic hegemonic JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 92 28 discourse discourse NN en-wikipedia-org-832 92 29 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 93 1 They -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-832 93 2 should should MD en-wikipedia-org-832 93 3 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-832 93 4 call call VB en-wikipedia-org-832 93 5 themselves -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-832 93 6 subaltern subaltern JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 93 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 94 1 Engaging engage VBG en-wikipedia-org-832 94 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 94 3 voice voice NN en-wikipedia-org-832 94 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 94 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 94 6 Subaltern Subaltern NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 94 7 : : : en-wikipedia-org-832 94 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 94 9 philosopher philosopher NN en-wikipedia-org-832 94 10 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 94 11 theoretician theoretician JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 94 12 Gayatri Gayatri NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 94 13 Chakravorty Chakravorty NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 94 14 Spivak Spivak NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 94 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 94 16 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-832 94 17 Goldsmith Goldsmith NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 94 18 College College NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 94 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 95 1 Spivak Spivak NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 95 2 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-832 95 3 introduced introduce VBD en-wikipedia-org-832 95 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 95 5 terms term NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 95 6 essentialism essentialism NN en-wikipedia-org-832 95 7 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 95 8 strategic strategic JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 95 9 essentialism essentialism NN en-wikipedia-org-832 95 10 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-832 95 11 describe describe VB en-wikipedia-org-832 95 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 95 13 social social JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 95 14 functions function NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 95 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 95 16 postcolonialism postcolonialism NN en-wikipedia-org-832 95 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 96 1 Essentialism essentialism NN en-wikipedia-org-832 96 2 denotes denote VBZ en-wikipedia-org-832 96 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 96 4 perceptual perceptual JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 96 5 dangers danger NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 96 6 inherent inherent JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 96 7 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-832 96 8 reviving revive VBG en-wikipedia-org-832 96 9 subaltern subaltern JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 96 10 voices voice NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 96 11 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-832 96 12 ways way NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 96 13 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-832 96 14 might may MD en-wikipedia-org-832 96 15 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 96 16 over over RB en-wikipedia-org-832 96 17 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 96 18 simplify simplify VB en-wikipedia-org-832 96 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 96 20 cultural cultural JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 96 21 identity identity NN en-wikipedia-org-832 96 22 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 96 23 heterogeneous heterogeneous JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 96 24 social social JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 96 25 groups group NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 96 26 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 96 27 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 96 28 thereby thereby RB en-wikipedia-org-832 96 29 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 96 30 create create VB en-wikipedia-org-832 96 31 stereotyped stereotyped JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 96 32 representations representation NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 96 33 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 96 34 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 96 35 different different JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 96 36 identities identity NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 96 37 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 96 38 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 96 39 people people NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 96 40 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-832 96 41 compose compose VBP en-wikipedia-org-832 96 42 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-832 96 43 given give VBN en-wikipedia-org-832 96 44 social social JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 96 45 group group NN en-wikipedia-org-832 96 46 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 97 1 Strategic strategic JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 97 2 essentialism essentialism NN en-wikipedia-org-832 97 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 97 4 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-832 97 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 97 6 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 97 7 hand hand NN en-wikipedia-org-832 97 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 97 9 denotes denote VBZ en-wikipedia-org-832 97 10 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-832 97 11 temporary temporary JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 97 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 97 13 essential essential JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 97 14 group group NN en-wikipedia-org-832 97 15 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-832 97 16 identity identity NN en-wikipedia-org-832 97 17 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-832 97 18 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-832 97 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 97 20 praxis praxis NN en-wikipedia-org-832 97 21 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 97 22 discourse discourse NN en-wikipedia-org-832 97 23 among among IN en-wikipedia-org-832 97 24 peoples people NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 97 25 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 98 1 Furthermore furthermore RB en-wikipedia-org-832 98 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 98 3 essentialism essentialism NN en-wikipedia-org-832 98 4 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-832 98 5 occasionally occasionally RB en-wikipedia-org-832 98 6 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-832 98 7 applied apply VBN en-wikipedia-org-832 98 8 — — : en-wikipedia-org-832 98 9 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-832 98 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 98 11 so so RB en-wikipedia-org-832 98 12 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-832 98 13 described describe VBN en-wikipedia-org-832 98 14 people people NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 98 15 — — : en-wikipedia-org-832 98 16 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-832 98 17 facilitate facilitate VB en-wikipedia-org-832 98 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 98 19 subaltern subaltern NN en-wikipedia-org-832 98 20 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-832 98 21 communication communication NN en-wikipedia-org-832 98 22 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-832 98 23 being be VBG en-wikipedia-org-832 98 24 heeded heed VBN en-wikipedia-org-832 98 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 98 26 heard hear VBN en-wikipedia-org-832 98 27 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 98 28 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 98 29 understood understand VBD en-wikipedia-org-832 98 30 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 98 31 because because IN en-wikipedia-org-832 98 32 strategic strategic JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 98 33 essentialism essentialism NN en-wikipedia-org-832 98 34 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 98 35 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-832 98 36 fixed fix VBN en-wikipedia-org-832 98 37 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 98 38 established establish VBN en-wikipedia-org-832 98 39 subaltern subaltern JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 98 40 identity identity NN en-wikipedia-org-832 98 41 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 98 42 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-832 98 43 more more RBR en-wikipedia-org-832 98 44 readily readily RB en-wikipedia-org-832 98 45 grasped grasped JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 98 46 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 98 47 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 98 48 accepted accept VBN en-wikipedia-org-832 98 49 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 98 50 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-832 98 51 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 98 52 popular popular JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 98 53 majority majority NN en-wikipedia-org-832 98 54 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 98 55 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-832 98 56 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 98 57 course course NN en-wikipedia-org-832 98 58 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 98 59 inter inter JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 98 60 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 98 61 group group JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 98 62 discourse discourse NN en-wikipedia-org-832 98 63 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 99 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 99 2 important important JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 99 3 distinction distinction NN en-wikipedia-org-832 99 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 99 5 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-832 99 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 99 7 terms term NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 99 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 99 9 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-832 99 10 that that DT en-wikipedia-org-832 99 11 strategic strategic JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 99 12 essentialism essentialism NN en-wikipedia-org-832 99 13 does do VBZ en-wikipedia-org-832 99 14 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-832 99 15 ignore ignore VB en-wikipedia-org-832 99 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 99 17 diversity diversity NN en-wikipedia-org-832 99 18 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 99 19 identities identity NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 99 20 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 99 21 cultural cultural JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 99 22 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 99 23 ethnic ethnic JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 99 24 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 99 25 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-832 99 26 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-832 99 27 social social JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 99 28 group group NN en-wikipedia-org-832 99 29 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 99 30 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-832 99 31 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-832 99 32 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 99 33 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-832 99 34 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-832 99 35 practical practical JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 99 36 function function NN en-wikipedia-org-832 99 37 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 99 38 strategic strategic JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 99 39 essentialism essentialism NN en-wikipedia-org-832 99 40 temporarily temporarily RB en-wikipedia-org-832 99 41 minimizes minimize VBZ en-wikipedia-org-832 99 42 inter inter JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 99 43 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 99 44 group group JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 99 45 diversity diversity NN en-wikipedia-org-832 99 46 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-832 99 47 pragmatically pragmatically RB en-wikipedia-org-832 99 48 support support VB en-wikipedia-org-832 99 49 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 99 50 essential essential JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 99 51 group group NN en-wikipedia-org-832 99 52 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-832 99 53 identity identity NN en-wikipedia-org-832 99 54 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 100 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 100 2 7 7 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 100 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 100 4 Spivak Spivak NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 100 5 developed develop VBD en-wikipedia-org-832 100 6 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 100 7 applied apply VBD en-wikipedia-org-832 100 8 Foucault Foucault NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 100 9 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-832 100 10 term term NN en-wikipedia-org-832 100 11 epistemic epistemic JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 100 12 violence violence NN en-wikipedia-org-832 100 13 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-832 100 14 describe describe VB en-wikipedia-org-832 100 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 100 16 destruction destruction NN en-wikipedia-org-832 100 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 100 18 non non JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 100 19 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 100 20 Western western JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 100 21 ways way NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 100 22 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 100 23 perceiving perceive VBG en-wikipedia-org-832 100 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 100 25 world world NN en-wikipedia-org-832 100 26 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 100 27 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 100 28 resultant resultant JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 100 29 dominance dominance NN en-wikipedia-org-832 100 30 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 100 31 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 100 32 Western western JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 100 33 ways way NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 100 34 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 100 35 perceiving perceive VBG en-wikipedia-org-832 100 36 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 100 37 world world NN en-wikipedia-org-832 100 38 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 101 1 Conceptually conceptually RB en-wikipedia-org-832 101 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 101 3 epistemic epistemic JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 101 4 violence violence NN en-wikipedia-org-832 101 5 specifically specifically RB en-wikipedia-org-832 101 6 relates relate VBZ en-wikipedia-org-832 101 7 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-832 101 8 women woman NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 101 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 101 10 whereby whereby WRB en-wikipedia-org-832 101 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 101 12 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-832 101 13 Subaltern Subaltern NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 101 14 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 101 15 woman woman NN en-wikipedia-org-832 101 16 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 101 17 must must MD en-wikipedia-org-832 101 18 always always RB en-wikipedia-org-832 101 19 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-832 101 20 caught catch VBN en-wikipedia-org-832 101 21 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-832 101 22 translation translation NN en-wikipedia-org-832 101 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 101 24 never never RB en-wikipedia-org-832 101 25 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 101 26 allowed allow VBN en-wikipedia-org-832 101 27 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-832 101 28 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-832 101 29 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 101 30 truly truly RB en-wikipedia-org-832 101 31 expressing express VBG en-wikipedia-org-832 101 32 herself -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-832 101 33 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 101 34 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-832 101 35 because because IN en-wikipedia-org-832 101 36 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 101 37 colonial colonial JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 101 38 power power NN en-wikipedia-org-832 101 39 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-832 101 40 destruction destruction NN en-wikipedia-org-832 101 41 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 101 42 her -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-832 101 43 culture culture NN en-wikipedia-org-832 101 44 pushed push VBD en-wikipedia-org-832 101 45 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-832 101 46 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 101 47 social social JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 101 48 margins margin NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 101 49 her -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-832 101 50 non non JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 101 51 – – JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 101 52 Western western JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 101 53 ways way NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 101 54 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 101 55 perceiving perceiving NN en-wikipedia-org-832 101 56 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 101 57 understanding understanding NN en-wikipedia-org-832 101 58 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 101 59 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 101 60 knowing know VBG en-wikipedia-org-832 101 61 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 101 62 world world NN en-wikipedia-org-832 101 63 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 102 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 102 2 7 7 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 102 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 102 4 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-832 102 5 June June NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 102 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 102 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 102 8 year year NN en-wikipedia-org-832 102 9 1600 1600 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 102 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 102 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 102 12 Afro Afro NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 102 13 – – : en-wikipedia-org-832 102 14 Iberian iberian JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 102 15 woman woman NN en-wikipedia-org-832 102 16 Francisca Francisca NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 102 17 de de NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 102 18 Figueroa Figueroa NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 102 19 requested request VBD en-wikipedia-org-832 102 20 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-832 102 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 102 22 King King NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 102 23 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 102 24 Spain Spain NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 102 25 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-832 102 26 permission permission NN en-wikipedia-org-832 102 27 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-832 102 28 her -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-832 102 29 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-832 102 30 emigrate emigrate VB en-wikipedia-org-832 102 31 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-832 102 32 Europe Europe NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 102 33 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-832 102 34 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 102 35 Spain Spain NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 102 36 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 102 37 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 102 38 reunite reunite VB en-wikipedia-org-832 102 39 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-832 102 40 her -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-832 102 41 daughter daughter NN en-wikipedia-org-832 102 42 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 102 43 Juana Juana NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 102 44 de de NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 102 45 Figueroa Figueroa NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 102 46 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 103 1 As as IN en-wikipedia-org-832 103 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-832 103 3 subaltern subaltern JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 103 4 woman woman NN en-wikipedia-org-832 103 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 103 6 Francisca Francisca NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 103 7 repressed repress VBD en-wikipedia-org-832 103 8 her -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-832 103 9 native native JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 103 10 African african JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 103 11 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-832 103 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 103 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 103 14 spoke speak VBD en-wikipedia-org-832 103 15 her -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-832 103 16 request request NN en-wikipedia-org-832 103 17 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-832 103 18 Peninsular Peninsular NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 103 19 Spanish Spanish NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 103 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 103 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 103 22 official official JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 103 23 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-832 103 24 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 103 25 Colonial Colonial NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 103 26 Latin Latin NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 103 27 America America NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 103 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 104 1 As as IN en-wikipedia-org-832 104 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-832 104 3 subaltern subaltern JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 104 4 woman woman NN en-wikipedia-org-832 104 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 104 6 she -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-832 104 7 applied apply VBD en-wikipedia-org-832 104 8 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-832 104 9 her -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-832 104 10 voice voice NN en-wikipedia-org-832 104 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 104 12 Spanish spanish JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 104 13 cultural cultural JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 104 14 filters filter NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 104 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 104 16 sexism sexism NN en-wikipedia-org-832 104 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 104 18 Christian christian JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 104 19 monotheism monotheism NN en-wikipedia-org-832 104 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 104 21 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 104 22 servile servile NN en-wikipedia-org-832 104 23 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-832 104 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 104 25 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-832 104 26 addressing address VBG en-wikipedia-org-832 104 27 her -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-832 104 28 colonial colonial NN en-wikipedia-org-832 104 29 master:[25 master:[25 NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 104 30 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 104 31 I -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-832 104 32 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 104 33 Francisca Francisca NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 104 34 de de NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 104 35 Figueroa Figueroa NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 104 36 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 104 37 mulatta mulatta NN en-wikipedia-org-832 104 38 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-832 104 39 colour colour NN en-wikipedia-org-832 104 40 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 104 41 declare declare VBP en-wikipedia-org-832 104 42 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-832 104 43 I -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-832 104 44 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-832 104 45 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 104 46 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-832 104 47 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 104 48 city city NN en-wikipedia-org-832 104 49 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 104 50 Cartagena Cartagena NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 104 51 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 104 52 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-832 104 53 daughter daughter NN en-wikipedia-org-832 104 54 named name VBN en-wikipedia-org-832 104 55 Juana Juana NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 104 56 de de NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 104 57 Figueroa Figueroa NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 104 58 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-832 104 59 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 104 60 she -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-832 104 61 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-832 104 62 written write VBN en-wikipedia-org-832 104 63 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 104 64 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-832 104 65 call call VB en-wikipedia-org-832 104 66 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-832 104 67 me -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-832 104 68 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 104 69 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-832 104 70 order order NN en-wikipedia-org-832 104 71 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-832 104 72 help help VB en-wikipedia-org-832 104 73 me -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-832 104 74 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 105 1 I -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-832 105 2 will will MD en-wikipedia-org-832 105 3 take take VB en-wikipedia-org-832 105 4 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-832 105 5 me -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-832 105 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 105 7 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-832 105 8 my -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-832 105 9 company company NN en-wikipedia-org-832 105 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 105 11 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-832 105 12 daughter daughter NN en-wikipedia-org-832 105 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 105 14 mine mine NN en-wikipedia-org-832 105 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 105 16 her -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-832 105 17 sister sister NN en-wikipedia-org-832 105 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 105 19 named name VBN en-wikipedia-org-832 105 20 María María NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 105 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 105 22 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 105 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 105 24 said say VBN en-wikipedia-org-832 105 25 colour colour NN en-wikipedia-org-832 105 26 ; ; , en-wikipedia-org-832 105 27 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 105 28 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-832 105 29 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-832 105 30 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 105 31 I -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-832 105 32 must must MD en-wikipedia-org-832 105 33 write write VB en-wikipedia-org-832 105 34 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-832 105 35 Our -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-832 105 36 Lord Lord NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 105 37 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 105 38 King King NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 105 39 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-832 105 40 petition petition VB en-wikipedia-org-832 105 41 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-832 105 42 he -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-832 105 43 favour favour VBP en-wikipedia-org-832 105 44 me -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-832 105 45 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-832 105 46 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-832 105 47 licence licence NN en-wikipedia-org-832 105 48 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 105 49 so so IN en-wikipedia-org-832 105 50 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-832 105 51 I -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-832 105 52 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 105 53 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 105 54 my -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-832 105 55 said say VBD en-wikipedia-org-832 105 56 daughter daughter NN en-wikipedia-org-832 105 57 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 105 58 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-832 105 59 go go VB en-wikipedia-org-832 105 60 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 105 61 reside reside VB en-wikipedia-org-832 105 62 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-832 105 63 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 105 64 said say VBN en-wikipedia-org-832 105 65 city city NN en-wikipedia-org-832 105 66 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 105 67 Cartagena Cartagena NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 105 68 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 106 1 For for IN en-wikipedia-org-832 106 2 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-832 106 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 106 4 I -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-832 106 5 will will MD en-wikipedia-org-832 106 6 give give VB en-wikipedia-org-832 106 7 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-832 106 8 account account NN en-wikipedia-org-832 106 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 106 10 what what WP en-wikipedia-org-832 106 11 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-832 106 12 put put VBN en-wikipedia-org-832 106 13 down down RP en-wikipedia-org-832 106 14 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-832 106 15 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-832 106 16 report report NN en-wikipedia-org-832 106 17 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-832 106 18 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 106 19 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 106 20 how how WRB en-wikipedia-org-832 106 21 I -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-832 106 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 106 23 Francisca Francisca NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 106 24 de de NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 106 25 Figueroa Figueroa NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 106 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 106 27 am be VBP en-wikipedia-org-832 106 28 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-832 106 29 woman woman NN en-wikipedia-org-832 106 30 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 106 31 sound sound JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 106 32 body body NN en-wikipedia-org-832 106 33 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 106 34 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 106 35 mulatta mulatta NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 106 36 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-832 106 37 colour colour NN en-wikipedia-org-832 106 38 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 106 39 … … NFP en-wikipedia-org-832 106 40 And and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 106 41 my -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-832 106 42 daughter daughter NN en-wikipedia-org-832 106 43 María María NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 106 44 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-832 106 45 twenty twenty CD en-wikipedia-org-832 106 46 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-832 106 47 years year NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 106 48 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-832 106 49 old old JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 106 50 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 106 51 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 106 52 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 106 53 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 106 54 said say VBN en-wikipedia-org-832 106 55 colour colour NN en-wikipedia-org-832 106 56 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 106 57 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 106 58 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 106 59 medium medium JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 106 60 size size NN en-wikipedia-org-832 106 61 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 107 1 Once once RB en-wikipedia-org-832 107 2 given give VBN en-wikipedia-org-832 107 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 107 4 I -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-832 107 5 attest attest VBP en-wikipedia-org-832 107 6 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-832 107 7 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-832 107 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 108 1 I -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-832 108 2 beg beg VBP en-wikipedia-org-832 108 3 your -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-832 108 4 Lordship lordship NN en-wikipedia-org-832 108 5 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-832 108 6 approve approve VB en-wikipedia-org-832 108 7 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 108 8 order order VB en-wikipedia-org-832 108 9 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-832 108 10 done do VBN en-wikipedia-org-832 108 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 109 1 I -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-832 109 2 ask ask VBP en-wikipedia-org-832 109 3 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-832 109 4 justice justice NN en-wikipedia-org-832 109 5 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-832 109 6 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-832 109 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 110 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 110 2 On on IN en-wikipedia-org-832 110 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 110 4 twenty twenty CD en-wikipedia-org-832 110 5 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-832 110 6 first first JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 110 7 day day NN en-wikipedia-org-832 110 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 110 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 110 10 month month NN en-wikipedia-org-832 110 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 110 12 June June NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 110 13 1600 1600 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 110 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 110 15 Your -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-832 110 16 Majesty Majesty NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 110 17 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-832 110 18 Lords Lords NNPS en-wikipedia-org-832 110 19 Presidents Presidents NNPS en-wikipedia-org-832 110 20 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 110 21 Official official JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 110 22 Judges Judges NNPS en-wikipedia-org-832 110 23 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 110 24 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-832 110 25 House House NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 110 26 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 110 27 Contract Contract NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 110 28 Employment Employment NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 110 29 order order NN en-wikipedia-org-832 110 30 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-832 110 31 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 110 32 account account NN en-wikipedia-org-832 110 33 she -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-832 110 34 offers offer VBZ en-wikipedia-org-832 110 35 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-832 110 36 received receive VBN en-wikipedia-org-832 110 37 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 110 38 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 110 39 that that DT en-wikipedia-org-832 110 40 testimony testimony NN en-wikipedia-org-832 110 41 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-832 110 42 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 110 43 purpose purpose NN en-wikipedia-org-832 110 44 she -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-832 110 45 requests request VBZ en-wikipedia-org-832 110 46 given give VBN en-wikipedia-org-832 110 47 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 110 48 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 111 1 — — : en-wikipedia-org-832 111 2     _SP en-wikipedia-org-832 111 3 Afro Afro NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 111 4 – – : en-wikipedia-org-832 111 5 Latino latino JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 111 6 Voices voice NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 111 7 : : : en-wikipedia-org-832 111 8 Narratives narrative NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 111 9 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-832 111 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 111 11 Early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 111 12 Modern Modern NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 111 13 Ibero Ibero NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 111 14 – – : en-wikipedia-org-832 111 15 Atlantic Atlantic NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 111 16 World World NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 111 17 : : : en-wikipedia-org-832 111 18 1550–1812 1550–1812 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 111 19 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 111 20 2009 2009 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 111 21 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 111 22 Moreover moreover RB en-wikipedia-org-832 111 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 111 24 Spivak Spivak NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 111 25 further further RB en-wikipedia-org-832 111 26 cautioned caution VBD en-wikipedia-org-832 111 27 against against IN en-wikipedia-org-832 111 28 ignoring ignore VBG en-wikipedia-org-832 111 29 subaltern subaltern JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 111 30 peoples people NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 111 31 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-832 111 32 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-832 111 33 cultural cultural JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 111 34 Others Others NNPS en-wikipedia-org-832 111 35 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-832 111 36 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 111 37 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 111 38 said say VBD en-wikipedia-org-832 111 39 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-832 111 40 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 111 41 West West NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 111 42 could could MD en-wikipedia-org-832 111 43 progress progress VB en-wikipedia-org-832 111 44 — — : en-wikipedia-org-832 111 45 beyond beyond IN en-wikipedia-org-832 111 46 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 111 47 colonial colonial JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 111 48 perspective perspective NN en-wikipedia-org-832 111 49 — — : en-wikipedia-org-832 111 50 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-832 111 51 means mean NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 111 52 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 111 53 introspective introspective JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 111 54 self self NN en-wikipedia-org-832 111 55 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-832 111 56 criticism criticism NN en-wikipedia-org-832 111 57 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 111 58 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 111 59 basic basic JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 111 60 ideas idea NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 111 61 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 111 62 investigative investigative JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 111 63 methods method NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 111 64 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-832 111 65 establish establish VBP en-wikipedia-org-832 111 66 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-832 111 67 culturally culturally RB en-wikipedia-org-832 111 68 superior superior JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 111 69 West West NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 111 70 studying study VBG en-wikipedia-org-832 111 71 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 111 72 culturally culturally RB en-wikipedia-org-832 111 73 inferior inferior JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 111 74 non non JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 111 75 – – JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 111 76 Western western JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 111 77 peoples people NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 111 78 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 112 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 112 2 7][26 7][26 LS en-wikipedia-org-832 112 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 112 4 Hence hence RB en-wikipedia-org-832 112 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 112 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 112 7 integration integration NN en-wikipedia-org-832 112 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 112 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 112 10 subaltern subaltern JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 112 11 voice voice NN en-wikipedia-org-832 112 12 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-832 112 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 112 14 intellectual intellectual JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 112 15 spaces space NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 112 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 112 17 social social JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 112 18 studies study NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 112 19 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-832 112 20 problematic problematic JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 112 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 112 22 because because IN en-wikipedia-org-832 112 23 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 112 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 112 25 unrealistic unrealistic JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 112 26 opposition opposition NN en-wikipedia-org-832 112 27 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-832 112 28 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 112 29 idea idea NN en-wikipedia-org-832 112 30 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 112 31 studying study VBG en-wikipedia-org-832 112 32 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-832 112 33 Others Others NNPS en-wikipedia-org-832 112 34 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-832 112 35 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-832 112 36 Spivak Spivak NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 112 37 rejected reject VBD en-wikipedia-org-832 112 38 such such PDT en-wikipedia-org-832 112 39 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-832 112 40 anti anti JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 112 41 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 112 42 intellectual intellectual JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 112 43 stance stance NN en-wikipedia-org-832 112 44 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-832 112 45 social social JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 112 46 scientists scientist NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 112 47 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 112 48 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 112 49 about about IN en-wikipedia-org-832 112 50 them -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-832 112 51 said say VBD en-wikipedia-org-832 112 52 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-832 112 53 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-832 112 54 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-832 112 55 refuse refuse VB en-wikipedia-org-832 112 56 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-832 112 57 represent represent VB en-wikipedia-org-832 112 58 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-832 112 59 cultural cultural JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 112 60 Other Other NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 112 61 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-832 112 62 salving salve VBG en-wikipedia-org-832 112 63 your -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-832 112 64 conscience conscience NN en-wikipedia-org-832 112 65 … … NFP en-wikipedia-org-832 112 66 allowing allow VBG en-wikipedia-org-832 112 67 you -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-832 112 68 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-832 112 69 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-832 112 70 do do VB en-wikipedia-org-832 112 71 any any DT en-wikipedia-org-832 112 72 homework homework NN en-wikipedia-org-832 112 73 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 113 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-832 113 2 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 113 3 26 26 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 113 4 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 113 5 Moreover moreover RB en-wikipedia-org-832 113 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 113 7 postcolonial postcolonial JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 113 8 studies study NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 113 9 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-832 113 10 reject reject VBP en-wikipedia-org-832 113 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 113 12 colonial colonial JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 113 13 cultural cultural JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 113 14 depiction depiction NN en-wikipedia-org-832 113 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 113 16 subaltern subaltern JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 113 17 peoples people NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 113 18 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-832 113 19 hollow hollow JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 113 20 mimics mimic NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 113 21 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 113 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 113 23 European european JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 113 24 colonists colonist NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 113 25 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 113 26 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-832 113 27 Western western JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 113 28 ways way NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 113 29 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-832 113 30 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 113 31 rejects reject VBZ en-wikipedia-org-832 113 32 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 113 33 depiction depiction NN en-wikipedia-org-832 113 34 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 113 35 subaltern subaltern JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 113 36 peoples people NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 113 37 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-832 113 38 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 113 39 passive passive JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 113 40 recipient recipient NN en-wikipedia-org-832 113 41 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-832 113 42 vessels vessel NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 113 43 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 113 44 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 113 45 imperial imperial JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 113 46 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 113 47 colonial colonial JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 113 48 power power NN en-wikipedia-org-832 113 49 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 113 50 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 113 51 Mother Mother NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 113 52 Country Country NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 113 53 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 114 1 Consequent consequent NN en-wikipedia-org-832 114 2 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-832 114 3 Foucault Foucault NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 114 4 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-832 114 5 philosophic philosophic JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 114 6 model model NN en-wikipedia-org-832 114 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 114 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 114 9 binary binary JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 114 10 relationship relationship NN en-wikipedia-org-832 114 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 114 12 power power NN en-wikipedia-org-832 114 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 114 14 knowledge knowledge NN en-wikipedia-org-832 114 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 114 16 scholars scholar NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 114 17 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-832 114 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 114 19 Subaltern Subaltern NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 114 20 Studies Studies NNPS en-wikipedia-org-832 114 21 Collective Collective NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 114 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 114 23 proposed propose VBD en-wikipedia-org-832 114 24 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-832 114 25 anti anti JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 114 26 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 114 27 colonial colonial JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 114 28 resistance resistance NN en-wikipedia-org-832 114 29 always always RB en-wikipedia-org-832 114 30 counters counter VBZ en-wikipedia-org-832 114 31 every every DT en-wikipedia-org-832 114 32 exercise exercise NN en-wikipedia-org-832 114 33 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 114 34 colonial colonial JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 114 35 power power NN en-wikipedia-org-832 114 36 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 115 1 Homi Homi NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 115 2 K. K. NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 115 3 Bhabha Bhabha NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 115 4 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 115 5 hybridity[edit hybridity[edit LS en-wikipedia-org-832 115 6 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 115 7 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-832 115 8 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 115 9 Location Location NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 115 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 115 11 Culture Culture NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 115 12 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 115 13 1994 1994 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 115 14 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 115 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 115 16 theoretician theoretician JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 115 17 Homi Homi NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 115 18 K. K. NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 115 19 Bhabha Bhabha NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 115 20 argues argue VBZ en-wikipedia-org-832 115 21 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-832 115 22 viewing view VBG en-wikipedia-org-832 115 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 115 24 human human JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 115 25 world world NN en-wikipedia-org-832 115 26 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-832 115 27 composed compose VBN en-wikipedia-org-832 115 28 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 115 29 separate separate JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 115 30 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 115 31 unequal unequal JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 115 32 cultures culture NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 115 33 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 115 34 rather rather RB en-wikipedia-org-832 115 35 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-832 115 36 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-832 115 37 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-832 115 38 integral integral JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 115 39 human human JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 115 40 world world NN en-wikipedia-org-832 115 41 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 115 42 perpetuates perpetuate VBZ en-wikipedia-org-832 115 43 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 115 44 belief belief NN en-wikipedia-org-832 115 45 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-832 115 46 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 115 47 existence existence NN en-wikipedia-org-832 115 48 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 115 49 imaginary imaginary JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 115 50 peoples people NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 115 51 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 115 52 places—"Christendom places—"Christendom NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 115 53 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-832 115 54 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 115 55 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 115 56 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-832 115 57 Islamic Islamic NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 115 58 World World NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 115 59 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-832 115 60 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 115 61 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-832 115 62 First first JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 115 63 World world NN en-wikipedia-org-832 115 64 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 115 65 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-832 115 66 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-832 115 67 Second Second NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 115 68 World World NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 115 69 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 115 70 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-832 115 71 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 115 72 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 115 73 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-832 115 74 Third Third NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 115 75 World World NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 115 76 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 115 77 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-832 116 1 To to TO en-wikipedia-org-832 116 2 counter counter VB en-wikipedia-org-832 116 3 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 116 4 linguistic linguistic JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 116 5 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 116 6 sociological sociological JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 116 7 reductionism reductionism NN en-wikipedia-org-832 116 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 116 9 postcolonial postcolonial JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 116 10 praxis praxis NN en-wikipedia-org-832 116 11 establishes establish VBZ en-wikipedia-org-832 116 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 116 13 philosophic philosophic JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 116 14 value value NN en-wikipedia-org-832 116 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 116 16 hybrid hybrid JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 116 17 intellectual intellectual JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 116 18 spaces space NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 116 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 116 20 wherein wherein WRB en-wikipedia-org-832 116 21 ambiguity ambiguity NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 116 22 abrogates abrogate VBZ en-wikipedia-org-832 116 23 truth truth NN en-wikipedia-org-832 116 24 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 116 25 authenticity authenticity NN en-wikipedia-org-832 116 26 ; ; , en-wikipedia-org-832 116 27 thereby thereby RB en-wikipedia-org-832 116 28 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 116 29 hybridity hybridity NN en-wikipedia-org-832 116 30 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-832 116 31 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 116 32 philosophic philosophic JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 116 33 condition condition NN en-wikipedia-org-832 116 34 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-832 116 35 most most RBS en-wikipedia-org-832 116 36 substantively substantively RB en-wikipedia-org-832 116 37 challenges challenge VBZ en-wikipedia-org-832 116 38 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 116 39 ideological ideological JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 116 40 validity validity NN en-wikipedia-org-832 116 41 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 116 42 colonialism colonialism NN en-wikipedia-org-832 116 43 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 117 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 117 2 27 27 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 117 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 117 4 R. R. NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 117 5 Siva Siva NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 117 6 Kumar Kumar NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 117 7 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 117 8 alternative alternative NN en-wikipedia-org-832 117 9 modernity[edit modernity[edit VB en-wikipedia-org-832 117 10 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 117 11 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-832 117 12 1997 1997 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 117 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 117 14 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-832 117 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 117 16 occasion occasion NN en-wikipedia-org-832 117 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 117 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 117 19 50th 50th JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 117 20 anniversary anniversary NN en-wikipedia-org-832 117 21 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 117 22 India India NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 117 23 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-832 117 24 Independence Independence NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 117 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 117 26 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-832 117 27 Santiniketan santiniketan NN en-wikipedia-org-832 117 28 : : : en-wikipedia-org-832 117 29 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 117 30 Making making NN en-wikipedia-org-832 117 31 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 117 32 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-832 117 33 Contextual Contextual NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 117 34 Modernism Modernism NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 117 35 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-832 117 36 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-832 117 37 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-832 117 38 important important JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 117 39 exhibition exhibition NN en-wikipedia-org-832 117 40 curated curate VBN en-wikipedia-org-832 117 41 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-832 117 42 R. R. NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 117 43 Siva Siva NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 117 44 Kumar Kumar NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 117 45 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-832 117 46 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 117 47 National National NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 117 48 Gallery Gallery NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 117 49 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 117 50 Modern Modern NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 117 51 Art Art NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 117 52 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 118 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 118 2 28 28 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 118 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 118 4 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-832 118 5 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-832 118 6 catalogue catalogue NN en-wikipedia-org-832 118 7 essay essay NN en-wikipedia-org-832 118 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 118 9 Kumar Kumar NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 118 10 introduced introduce VBD en-wikipedia-org-832 118 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 118 12 term term NN en-wikipedia-org-832 118 13 Contextual Contextual NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 118 14 Modernism Modernism NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 118 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 118 16 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-832 118 17 later later RB en-wikipedia-org-832 118 18 emerged emerge VBD en-wikipedia-org-832 118 19 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-832 118 20 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-832 118 21 postcolonial postcolonial JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 118 22 critical critical JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 118 23 tool tool NN en-wikipedia-org-832 118 24 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-832 118 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 118 26 understanding understanding NN en-wikipedia-org-832 118 27 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 118 28 Indian indian JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 118 29 art art NN en-wikipedia-org-832 118 30 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 118 31 specifically specifically RB en-wikipedia-org-832 118 32 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 118 33 works work NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 118 34 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 118 35 Nandalal Nandalal NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 118 36 Bose Bose NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 118 37 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 118 38 Rabindranath Rabindranath NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 118 39 Tagore Tagore NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 118 40 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 118 41 Ramkinkar Ramkinkar NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 118 42 Baij Baij NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 118 43 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 118 44 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 118 45 Benode Benode NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 118 46 Behari Behari NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 118 47 Mukherjee Mukherjee NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 118 48 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 119 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 119 2 29 29 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 119 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 119 4 Santiniketan Santiniketan NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 119 5 artists artist NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 119 6 did do VBD en-wikipedia-org-832 119 7 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-832 119 8 believe believe VB en-wikipedia-org-832 119 9 that that DT en-wikipedia-org-832 119 10 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-832 119 11 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-832 119 12 indigenous indigenous JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 119 13 one one NN en-wikipedia-org-832 119 14 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-832 119 15 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-832 119 16 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-832 119 17 historicist historicist JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 119 18 either either CC en-wikipedia-org-832 119 19 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-832 119 20 theme theme NN en-wikipedia-org-832 119 21 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-832 119 22 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-832 119 23 style style NN en-wikipedia-org-832 119 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 119 25 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 119 26 similarly similarly RB en-wikipedia-org-832 119 27 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-832 119 28 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-832 119 29 modern modern JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 119 30 one one NN en-wikipedia-org-832 119 31 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-832 119 32 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-832 119 33 adopt adopt VB en-wikipedia-org-832 119 34 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-832 119 35 particular particular JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 119 36 trans trans JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 119 37 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 119 38 national national JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 119 39 formal formal JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 119 40 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-832 119 41 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-832 119 42 technique technique NN en-wikipedia-org-832 119 43 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 120 1 Modernism Modernism NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 120 2 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-832 120 3 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-832 120 4 them -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-832 120 5 neither neither CC en-wikipedia-org-832 120 6 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-832 120 7 style style NN en-wikipedia-org-832 120 8 nor nor CC en-wikipedia-org-832 120 9 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-832 120 10 form form NN en-wikipedia-org-832 120 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 120 12 internationalism internationalism NN en-wikipedia-org-832 120 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 121 1 It -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-832 121 2 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-832 121 3 critical critical JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 121 4 re re JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 121 5 - - NN en-wikipedia-org-832 121 6 engagement engagement NN en-wikipedia-org-832 121 7 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-832 121 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 121 9 foundational foundational JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 121 10 aspects aspect NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 121 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 121 12 art art NN en-wikipedia-org-832 121 13 necessitated necessitate VBN en-wikipedia-org-832 121 14 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-832 121 15 changes change NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 121 16 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-832 121 17 one one PRP en-wikipedia-org-832 121 18 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-832 121 19 unique unique JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 121 20 historical historical JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 121 21 position position NN en-wikipedia-org-832 121 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 122 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 122 2 30 30 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 122 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 122 4 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-832 122 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 122 6 post post JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 122 7 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 122 8 colonial colonial JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 122 9 history history NN en-wikipedia-org-832 122 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 122 11 art art NN en-wikipedia-org-832 122 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 122 13 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-832 122 14 marked mark VBD en-wikipedia-org-832 122 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 122 16 departure departure NN en-wikipedia-org-832 122 17 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-832 122 18 Eurocentric eurocentric JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 122 19 unilateral unilateral JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 122 20 idea idea NN en-wikipedia-org-832 122 21 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 122 22 modernism modernism NN en-wikipedia-org-832 122 23 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-832 122 24 alternative alternative JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 122 25 context context NN en-wikipedia-org-832 122 26 sensitive sensitive JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 122 27 modernisms modernism NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 122 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 123 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 123 2 brief brief JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 123 3 survey survey NN en-wikipedia-org-832 123 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 123 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 123 6 individual individual JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 123 7 works work NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 123 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 123 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 123 10 core core NN en-wikipedia-org-832 123 11 Santiniketan Santiniketan NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 123 12 artists artist NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 123 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 123 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 123 15 thought thought NN en-wikipedia-org-832 123 16 perspectives perspective VBZ en-wikipedia-org-832 123 17 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-832 123 18 open open VBP en-wikipedia-org-832 123 19 up up RP en-wikipedia-org-832 123 20 makes make VBZ en-wikipedia-org-832 123 21 clear clear JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 123 22 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-832 123 23 though though IN en-wikipedia-org-832 123 24 there there EX en-wikipedia-org-832 123 25 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-832 123 26 various various JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 123 27 contact contact NN en-wikipedia-org-832 123 28 points point NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 123 29 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-832 123 30 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 123 31 work work NN en-wikipedia-org-832 123 32 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-832 123 33 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-832 123 34 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-832 123 35 bound bind VBN en-wikipedia-org-832 123 36 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-832 123 37 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-832 123 38 continuity continuity NN en-wikipedia-org-832 123 39 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 123 40 style style NN en-wikipedia-org-832 123 41 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-832 123 42 buy buy VBP en-wikipedia-org-832 123 43 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-832 123 44 community community NN en-wikipedia-org-832 123 45 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 123 46 ideas idea NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 123 47 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 124 1 Which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-832 124 2 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-832 124 3 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-832 124 4 only only RB en-wikipedia-org-832 124 5 shared share VBD en-wikipedia-org-832 124 6 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-832 124 7 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-832 124 8 interpreted interpret VBN en-wikipedia-org-832 124 9 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 124 10 carried carry VBN en-wikipedia-org-832 124 11 forward forward RB en-wikipedia-org-832 124 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 125 1 Thus thus RB en-wikipedia-org-832 125 2 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-832 125 3 do do VBP en-wikipedia-org-832 125 4 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-832 125 5 represent represent VB en-wikipedia-org-832 125 6 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-832 125 7 school school NN en-wikipedia-org-832 125 8 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-832 125 9 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-832 125 10 movement movement NN en-wikipedia-org-832 125 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 126 1 — — : en-wikipedia-org-832 126 2     _SP en-wikipedia-org-832 126 3 Santiniketan Santiniketan NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 126 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-832 126 5 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 126 6 Making making NN en-wikipedia-org-832 126 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 126 8 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-832 126 9 Contextual Contextual NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 126 10 Modernism Modernism NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 126 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 126 12 1997 1997 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 126 13 Several several JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 126 14 terms term NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 126 15 including include VBG en-wikipedia-org-832 126 16 Paul Paul NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 126 17 Gilroy Gilroy NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 126 18 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-832 126 19 counterculture counterculture NN en-wikipedia-org-832 126 20 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 126 21 modernity modernity NN en-wikipedia-org-832 126 22 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 126 23 Tani Tani NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 126 24 E. E. NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 126 25 Barlow Barlow NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 126 26 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-832 126 27 Colonial colonial JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 126 28 modernity modernity NN en-wikipedia-org-832 126 29 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-832 126 30 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-832 126 31 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-832 126 32 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-832 126 33 describe describe VB en-wikipedia-org-832 126 34 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 126 35 kind kind NN en-wikipedia-org-832 126 36 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 126 37 alternative alternative JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 126 38 modernity modernity NN en-wikipedia-org-832 126 39 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-832 126 40 emerged emerge VBD en-wikipedia-org-832 126 41 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-832 126 42 non non JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 126 43 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 126 44 European european JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 126 45 contexts contexts NN en-wikipedia-org-832 126 46 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 127 1 Professor Professor NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 127 2 Gall Gall NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 127 3 argues argue VBZ en-wikipedia-org-832 127 4 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-832 127 5 ' ' `` en-wikipedia-org-832 127 6 Contextual Contextual NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 127 7 Modernism Modernism NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 127 8 ' ' '' en-wikipedia-org-832 127 9 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-832 127 10 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-832 127 11 more more RBR en-wikipedia-org-832 127 12 suited suited JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 127 13 term term NN en-wikipedia-org-832 127 14 because because IN en-wikipedia-org-832 127 15 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-832 127 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 127 17 colonial colonial NN en-wikipedia-org-832 127 18 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-832 127 19 colonial colonial JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 127 20 modernity modernity NN en-wikipedia-org-832 127 21 does do VBZ en-wikipedia-org-832 127 22 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-832 127 23 accommodate accommodate VB en-wikipedia-org-832 127 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 127 25 refusal refusal NN en-wikipedia-org-832 127 26 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 127 27 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 127 28 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-832 127 29 colonized colonize VBN en-wikipedia-org-832 127 30 situations situation NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 127 31 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-832 127 32 internalize internalize VB en-wikipedia-org-832 127 33 inferiority inferiority NN en-wikipedia-org-832 127 34 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 128 1 Santiniketan Santiniketan NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 128 2 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-832 128 3 artist artist NN en-wikipedia-org-832 128 4 teachers teacher NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 128 5 ' ' POS en-wikipedia-org-832 128 6 refusal refusal NN en-wikipedia-org-832 128 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 128 8 subordination subordination NN en-wikipedia-org-832 128 9 incorporated incorporate VBD en-wikipedia-org-832 128 10 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-832 128 11 counter counter JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 128 12 vision vision NN en-wikipedia-org-832 128 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 128 14 modernity modernity NN en-wikipedia-org-832 128 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 128 16 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-832 128 17 sought seek VBD en-wikipedia-org-832 128 18 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-832 128 19 correct correct VB en-wikipedia-org-832 128 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 128 21 racial racial JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 128 22 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 128 23 cultural cultural JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 128 24 essentialism essentialism NN en-wikipedia-org-832 128 25 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-832 128 26 drove drive VBD en-wikipedia-org-832 128 27 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 128 28 characterized characterize VBD en-wikipedia-org-832 128 29 imperial imperial JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 128 30 Western western JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 128 31 modernity modernity NN en-wikipedia-org-832 128 32 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 128 33 modernism modernism NN en-wikipedia-org-832 128 34 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 129 1 Those those DT en-wikipedia-org-832 129 2 European european JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 129 3 modernities modernity NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 129 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 129 5 projected project VBD en-wikipedia-org-832 129 6 through through IN en-wikipedia-org-832 129 7 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-832 129 8 triumphant triumphant JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 129 9 British british JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 129 10 colonial colonial JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 129 11 power power NN en-wikipedia-org-832 129 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 129 13 provoked provoke VBD en-wikipedia-org-832 129 14 nationalist nationalist JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 129 15 responses response NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 129 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 129 17 equally equally RB en-wikipedia-org-832 129 18 problematic problematic JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 129 19 when when WRB en-wikipedia-org-832 129 20 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-832 129 21 incorporated incorporate VBD en-wikipedia-org-832 129 22 similar similar JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 129 23 essentialisms essentialism NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 129 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 130 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-832 130 2 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 130 3 31 31 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 130 4 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 130 5 Dipesh dipesh NN en-wikipedia-org-832 130 6 Chakrabarty[edit chakrabarty[edit NN en-wikipedia-org-832 130 7 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 130 8 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-832 130 9 Provincializing Provincializing NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 130 10 Europe Europe NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 130 11 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 130 12 2000 2000 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 130 13 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 130 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 130 15 Dipesh Dipesh NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 130 16 Chakrabarty Chakrabarty NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 130 17 charts chart VBZ en-wikipedia-org-832 130 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 130 19 subaltern subaltern JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 130 20 history history NN en-wikipedia-org-832 130 21 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 130 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 130 23 Indian indian JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 130 24 struggle struggle NN en-wikipedia-org-832 130 25 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-832 130 26 independence independence NN en-wikipedia-org-832 130 27 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 130 28 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 130 29 counters counter VBZ en-wikipedia-org-832 130 30 Eurocentric eurocentric JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 130 31 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 130 32 Western western JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 130 33 scholarship scholarship NN en-wikipedia-org-832 130 34 about about IN en-wikipedia-org-832 130 35 non non JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 130 36 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 130 37 Western western JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 130 38 peoples people NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 130 39 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 130 40 cultures culture NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 130 41 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 130 42 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-832 130 43 proposing propose VBG en-wikipedia-org-832 130 44 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-832 130 45 Western Western NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 130 46 Europe Europe NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 130 47 simply simply RB en-wikipedia-org-832 130 48 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-832 130 49 considered consider VBN en-wikipedia-org-832 130 50 as as RB en-wikipedia-org-832 130 51 culturally culturally RB en-wikipedia-org-832 130 52 equal equal JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 130 53 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-832 130 54 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 130 55 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 130 56 cultures culture NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 130 57 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 130 58 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 130 59 world world NN en-wikipedia-org-832 130 60 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-832 130 61 that that RB en-wikipedia-org-832 130 62 is is RB en-wikipedia-org-832 130 63 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 130 64 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-832 130 65 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-832 130 66 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-832 130 67 region region NN en-wikipedia-org-832 130 68 among among IN en-wikipedia-org-832 130 69 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 130 70 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-832 130 71 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-832 130 72 human human JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 130 73 geography geography NN en-wikipedia-org-832 130 74 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 131 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 131 2 32][33 32][33 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 131 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 131 4 Derek Derek NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 131 5 Gregory Gregory NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 131 6 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 131 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 131 8 colonial colonial NN en-wikipedia-org-832 131 9 present[edit present[edit , en-wikipedia-org-832 131 10 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 131 11 Derek Derek NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 131 12 Gregory Gregory NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 131 13 argues argue VBZ en-wikipedia-org-832 131 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 131 15 long long JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 131 16 trajectory trajectory NN en-wikipedia-org-832 131 17 through through IN en-wikipedia-org-832 131 18 history history NN en-wikipedia-org-832 131 19 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 131 20 British british JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 131 21 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 131 22 American american JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 131 23 colonization colonization NN en-wikipedia-org-832 131 24 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-832 131 25 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-832 131 26 ongoing ongoing JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 131 27 process process NN en-wikipedia-org-832 131 28 still still RB en-wikipedia-org-832 131 29 happening happen VBG en-wikipedia-org-832 131 30 today today NN en-wikipedia-org-832 131 31 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 132 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-832 132 2 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 132 3 Colonial Colonial NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 132 4 Present Present NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 132 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 132 6 Gregory Gregory NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 132 7 traces trace VBZ en-wikipedia-org-832 132 8 connections connection NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 132 9 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-832 132 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 132 11 geopolitics geopolitic NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 132 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 132 13 events event NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 132 14 happening happen VBG en-wikipedia-org-832 132 15 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-832 132 16 modern modern JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 132 17 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-832 132 18 day day NN en-wikipedia-org-832 132 19 Afghanistan Afghanistan NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 132 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 132 21 Palestine Palestine NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 132 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 132 23 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 132 24 Iraq Iraq NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 132 25 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 132 26 links link VBZ en-wikipedia-org-832 132 27 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-832 132 28 back back RB en-wikipedia-org-832 132 29 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-832 132 30 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 132 31 us us NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 132 32 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-832 132 33 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 132 34 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-832 132 35 them -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-832 132 36 binary binary JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 132 37 relation relation NN en-wikipedia-org-832 132 38 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-832 132 39 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 132 40 Western western JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 132 41 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 132 42 Eastern eastern JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 132 43 world world NN en-wikipedia-org-832 132 44 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 133 1 Building build VBG en-wikipedia-org-832 133 2 upon upon IN en-wikipedia-org-832 133 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 133 4 ideas idea NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 133 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 133 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 133 7 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 133 8 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 133 9 Said Said NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 133 10 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-832 133 11 work work NN en-wikipedia-org-832 133 12 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-832 133 13 orientalism orientalism NN en-wikipedia-org-832 133 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 133 15 Gregory Gregory NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 133 16 critiques critique VBZ en-wikipedia-org-832 133 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 133 18 economic economic JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 133 19 policy policy NN en-wikipedia-org-832 133 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 133 21 military military JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 133 22 apparatus apparatus NN en-wikipedia-org-832 133 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 133 24 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 133 25 transnational transnational JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 133 26 corporations corporation NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 133 27 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-832 133 28 vehicles vehicle NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 133 29 driving drive VBG en-wikipedia-org-832 133 30 present present JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 133 31 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-832 133 32 day day NN en-wikipedia-org-832 133 33 colonialism colonialism NN en-wikipedia-org-832 133 34 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 134 1 Emphasizing emphasize VBG en-wikipedia-org-832 134 2 ideas idea NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 134 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 134 4 discussing discuss VBG en-wikipedia-org-832 134 5 ideas idea NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 134 6 around around IN en-wikipedia-org-832 134 7 colonialism colonialism NN en-wikipedia-org-832 134 8 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-832 134 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 134 10 present present JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 134 11 tense tense NN en-wikipedia-org-832 134 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 134 13 Gregory Gregory NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 134 14 utilizes utilize VBZ en-wikipedia-org-832 134 15 modern modern JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 134 16 events event NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 134 17 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 134 18 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-832 134 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 134 20 September September NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 134 21 11 11 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 134 22 attacks attack NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 134 23 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-832 134 24 tell tell VB en-wikipedia-org-832 134 25 spatial spatial JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 134 26 stories story NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 134 27 around around IN en-wikipedia-org-832 134 28 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 134 29 colonial colonial JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 134 30 behavior behavior NN en-wikipedia-org-832 134 31 happening happen VBG en-wikipedia-org-832 134 32 due due IN en-wikipedia-org-832 134 33 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-832 134 34 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 134 35 War War NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 134 36 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-832 134 37 Terror Terror NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 134 38 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 135 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 135 2 34 34 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 135 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 135 4 Amar Amar NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 135 5 Acheraiou Acheraiou NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 135 6 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 135 7 Classical Classical NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 135 8 influences[edit influences[edit POS en-wikipedia-org-832 135 9 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 135 10 Acheraiou Acheraiou NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 135 11 argues argue VBZ en-wikipedia-org-832 135 12 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-832 135 13 colonialism colonialism NN en-wikipedia-org-832 135 14 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-832 135 15 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-832 135 16 capitalist capitalist JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 135 17 venture venture NN en-wikipedia-org-832 135 18 moved move VBN en-wikipedia-org-832 135 19 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-832 135 20 appropriation appropriation NN en-wikipedia-org-832 135 21 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 135 22 plundering plundering NN en-wikipedia-org-832 135 23 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 135 24 foreign foreign JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 135 25 lands land NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 135 26 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 135 27 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-832 135 28 supported support VBN en-wikipedia-org-832 135 29 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-832 135 30 military military JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 135 31 force force NN en-wikipedia-org-832 135 32 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 135 33 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-832 135 34 discourse discourse NN en-wikipedia-org-832 135 35 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-832 135 36 legitimized legitimize VBD en-wikipedia-org-832 135 37 violence violence NN en-wikipedia-org-832 135 38 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-832 135 39 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 135 40 name name NN en-wikipedia-org-832 135 41 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 135 42 progress progress NN en-wikipedia-org-832 135 43 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 135 44 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-832 135 45 universal universal JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 135 46 civilizing civilizing NN en-wikipedia-org-832 135 47 mission mission NN en-wikipedia-org-832 135 48 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 136 1 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-832 136 2 discourse discourse NN en-wikipedia-org-832 136 3 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-832 136 4 complex complex JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 136 5 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 136 6 multi multi JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 136 7 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 136 8 faceted faceted JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 136 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 137 1 It -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-832 137 2 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-832 137 3 elaborated elaborate VBN en-wikipedia-org-832 137 4 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-832 137 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 137 6 19th 19th JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 137 7 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-832 137 8 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-832 137 9 colonial colonial JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 137 10 ideologues ideologue NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 137 11 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 137 12 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-832 137 13 Joseph Joseph NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 137 14 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-832 137 15 Ernest Ernest NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 137 16 Renan Renan NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 137 17 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 137 18 Arthur Arthur NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 137 19 de de NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 137 20 Gobineau Gobineau NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 137 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 137 22 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-832 137 23 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-832 137 24 roots root NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 137 25 reach reach VBP en-wikipedia-org-832 137 26 far far RB en-wikipedia-org-832 137 27 back back RB en-wikipedia-org-832 137 28 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-832 137 29 history history NN en-wikipedia-org-832 137 30 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 138 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-832 138 2 Rethinking Rethinking NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 138 3 Postcolonialism Postcolonialism NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 138 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-832 138 5 Colonialist colonialist NN en-wikipedia-org-832 138 6 Discourse Discourse NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 138 7 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-832 138 8 Modern Modern NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 138 9 Literature Literature NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 138 10 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 138 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 138 12 Legacy Legacy NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 138 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 138 14 Classical Classical NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 138 15 Writers Writers NNPS en-wikipedia-org-832 138 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 138 17 Acheraiou Acheraiou NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 138 18 discusses discuss VBZ en-wikipedia-org-832 138 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 138 20 history history NN en-wikipedia-org-832 138 21 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 138 22 colonialist colonialist JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 138 23 discourse discourse NN en-wikipedia-org-832 138 24 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 138 25 traces trace VBZ en-wikipedia-org-832 138 26 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-832 138 27 spirit spirit NN en-wikipedia-org-832 138 28 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-832 138 29 ancient ancient JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 138 30 Greece Greece NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 138 31 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 138 32 including include VBG en-wikipedia-org-832 138 33 Europe Europe NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 138 34 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-832 138 35 claim claim NN en-wikipedia-org-832 138 36 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-832 138 37 racial racial JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 138 38 supremacy supremacy NN en-wikipedia-org-832 138 39 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 138 40 right right NN en-wikipedia-org-832 138 41 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-832 138 42 rule rule VB en-wikipedia-org-832 138 43 over over IN en-wikipedia-org-832 138 44 non non JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 138 45 - - NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 138 46 Europeans Europeans NNPS en-wikipedia-org-832 138 47 harboured harbour VBN en-wikipedia-org-832 138 48 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-832 138 49 Renan Renan NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 138 50 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 138 51 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 138 52 19th 19th JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 138 53 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-832 138 54 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-832 138 55 colonial colonial NN en-wikipedia-org-832 138 56 ideologues ideologue NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 138 57 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 139 1 He -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-832 139 2 argues argue VBZ en-wikipedia-org-832 139 3 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-832 139 4 modern modern JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 139 5 colonial colonial JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 139 6 representations representation NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 139 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 139 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 139 9 colonized colonize VBN en-wikipedia-org-832 139 10 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-832 139 11 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-832 139 12 inferior inferior JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 139 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 139 14 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-832 139 15 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-832 139 16 stagnant stagnant JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 139 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 139 18 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-832 139 19 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 139 20 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-832 139 21 degenerate degenerate VB en-wikipedia-org-832 139 22 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-832 139 23 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-832 139 24 borrowed borrow VBN en-wikipedia-org-832 139 25 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-832 139 26 Greek Greek NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 139 27 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 139 28 Latin latin JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 139 29 authors author NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 139 30 like like IN en-wikipedia-org-832 139 31 Lysias Lysias NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 139 32 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 139 33 440–380 440–380 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 139 34 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 139 35 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 139 36 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 139 37 Isocrates Isocrates NNPS en-wikipedia-org-832 139 38 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 139 39 436–338 436–338 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 139 40 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 139 41 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 139 42 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 139 43 Plato Plato NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 139 44 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 139 45 427–327 427–327 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 139 46 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 139 47 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 139 48 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 139 49 Aristotle Aristotle NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 139 50 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 139 51 384–322 384–322 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 139 52 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 139 53 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 139 54 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 139 55 Cicero Cicero NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 139 56 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 139 57 106–43 106–43 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 139 58 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 139 59 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 139 60 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 139 61 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 139 62 Sallust Sallust NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 139 63 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 139 64 86–34 86–34 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 139 65 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 139 66 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 139 67 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 139 68 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-832 139 69 all all DT en-wikipedia-org-832 139 70 considered consider VBD en-wikipedia-org-832 139 71 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-832 139 72 racial racial JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 139 73 others other NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 139 74 — — : en-wikipedia-org-832 139 75 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 139 76 Persians Persians NNPS en-wikipedia-org-832 139 77 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 139 78 Scythians Scythians NNPS en-wikipedia-org-832 139 79 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 139 80 Egyptians Egyptians NNPS en-wikipedia-org-832 139 81 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-832 139 82 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-832 139 83 backward backward JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 139 84 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 139 85 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-832 139 86 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-832 139 87 inferior inferior JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 139 88 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 139 89 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-832 139 90 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 139 91 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-832 139 92 effeminate effeminate VB en-wikipedia-org-832 139 93 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 140 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-832 140 2 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 140 3 35 35 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 140 4 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 140 5 Among among IN en-wikipedia-org-832 140 6 these these DT en-wikipedia-org-832 140 7 ancient ancient JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 140 8 writers writer NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 140 9 Aristotle Aristotle NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 140 10 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-832 140 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 140 12 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-832 140 13 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-832 140 14 articulated articulate VBD en-wikipedia-org-832 140 15 more more RBR en-wikipedia-org-832 140 16 thoroughly thoroughly RB en-wikipedia-org-832 140 17 these these DT en-wikipedia-org-832 140 18 ancient ancient JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 140 19 racial racial JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 140 20 assumptions assumption NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 140 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 140 22 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-832 140 23 served serve VBD en-wikipedia-org-832 140 24 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-832 140 25 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-832 140 26 source source NN en-wikipedia-org-832 140 27 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 140 28 inspiration inspiration NN en-wikipedia-org-832 140 29 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-832 140 30 modern modern JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 140 31 colonists colonist NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 140 32 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 141 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-832 141 2 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 141 3 Politics Politics NNPS en-wikipedia-org-832 141 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 141 5 he -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-832 141 6 established establish VBD en-wikipedia-org-832 141 7 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-832 141 8 racial racial JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 141 9 classification classification NN en-wikipedia-org-832 141 10 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 141 11 ranked rank VBD en-wikipedia-org-832 141 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 141 13 Greeks Greeks NNPS en-wikipedia-org-832 141 14 superior superior JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 141 15 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-832 141 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 141 17 rest rest NN en-wikipedia-org-832 141 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 142 1 He -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-832 142 2 considered consider VBD en-wikipedia-org-832 142 3 them -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-832 142 4 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-832 142 5 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-832 142 6 ideal ideal JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 142 7 race race NN en-wikipedia-org-832 142 8 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-832 142 9 rule rule VB en-wikipedia-org-832 142 10 over over IN en-wikipedia-org-832 142 11 Asian asian JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 142 12 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 142 13 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 142 14 ' ' `` en-wikipedia-org-832 142 15 barbarian barbarian JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 142 16 ' ' '' en-wikipedia-org-832 142 17 peoples people NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 142 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 142 19 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-832 142 20 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-832 142 21 knew know VBD en-wikipedia-org-832 142 22 how how WRB en-wikipedia-org-832 142 23 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-832 142 24 blend blend VB en-wikipedia-org-832 142 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 142 26 spirit spirit NN en-wikipedia-org-832 142 27 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 142 28 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 142 29 European european JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 142 30 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-832 142 31 war war NN en-wikipedia-org-832 142 32 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-832 142 33 like like JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 142 34 races race NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 142 35 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-832 142 36 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-832 142 37 Asiatic asiatic JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 142 38 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-832 142 39 intelligence intelligence NN en-wikipedia-org-832 142 40 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-832 142 41 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 142 42 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-832 142 43 competence competence NN en-wikipedia-org-832 142 44 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 143 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-832 143 2 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 143 3 36 36 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 143 4 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 143 5 Ancient Ancient NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 143 6 Rome Rome NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 143 7 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-832 143 8 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-832 143 9 source source NN en-wikipedia-org-832 143 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 143 11 admiration admiration NN en-wikipedia-org-832 143 12 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-832 143 13 Europe Europe NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 143 14 since since IN en-wikipedia-org-832 143 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 143 16 enlightenment enlightenment NN en-wikipedia-org-832 143 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 144 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-832 144 2 France France NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 144 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 144 4 Voltaire Voltaire NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 144 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 144 6 1694 1694 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 144 7 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-832 144 8 1778 1778 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 144 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 144 10 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-832 144 11 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-832 144 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 144 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 144 14 most most RBS en-wikipedia-org-832 144 15 fervent fervent JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 144 16 admirers admirer NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 144 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 144 18 Rome Rome NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 144 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 145 1 He -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-832 145 2 regarded regard VBD en-wikipedia-org-832 145 3 highly highly RB en-wikipedia-org-832 145 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 145 5 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 145 6 republican republican JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 145 7 values value NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 145 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 145 9 rationality rationality NN en-wikipedia-org-832 145 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 145 11 democracy democracy NN en-wikipedia-org-832 145 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 145 13 order order NN en-wikipedia-org-832 145 14 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 145 15 justice justice NN en-wikipedia-org-832 145 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 146 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-832 146 2 early-18th early-18th NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 146 3 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-832 146 4 Britain Britain NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 146 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 146 6 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-832 146 7 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-832 146 8 poets poet NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 146 9 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 146 10 politicians politician NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 146 11 like like IN en-wikipedia-org-832 146 12 Joseph Joseph NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 146 13 Addison Addison NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 146 14 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 146 15 1672–1719 1672–1719 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 146 16 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 146 17 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 146 18 Richard Richard NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 146 19 Glover Glover NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 146 20 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 146 21 1712 1712 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 146 22 – – : en-wikipedia-org-832 146 23 1785 1785 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 146 24 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 146 25 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-832 146 26 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-832 146 27 vocal vocal JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 146 28 advocates advocate NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 146 29 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 146 30 these these DT en-wikipedia-org-832 146 31 ancient ancient JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 146 32 republican republican JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 146 33 values value NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 146 34 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 147 1 It -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-832 147 2 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-832 147 3 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-832 147 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 147 5 mid-18th mid-18th JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 147 6 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-832 147 7 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-832 147 8 ancient ancient JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 147 9 Greece Greece NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 147 10 became become VBD en-wikipedia-org-832 147 11 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-832 147 12 source source NN en-wikipedia-org-832 147 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 147 14 admiration admiration NN en-wikipedia-org-832 147 15 among among IN en-wikipedia-org-832 147 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 147 17 French french JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 147 18 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 147 19 British british JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 147 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 148 1 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-832 148 2 enthusiasm enthusiasm NN en-wikipedia-org-832 148 3 gained gain VBD en-wikipedia-org-832 148 4 prominence prominence NN en-wikipedia-org-832 148 5 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-832 148 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 148 7 late late RB en-wikipedia-org-832 148 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-832 148 9 eighteenth eighteenth NN en-wikipedia-org-832 148 10 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-832 148 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 149 1 It -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-832 149 2 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-832 149 3 spurred spur VBN en-wikipedia-org-832 149 4 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-832 149 5 German german JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 149 6 Hellenist hellenist JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 149 7 scholars scholar NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 149 8 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 149 9 English english JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 149 10 romantic romantic JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 149 11 poets poet NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 149 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 149 13 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-832 149 14 regarded regard VBD en-wikipedia-org-832 149 15 ancient ancient JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 149 16 Greece Greece NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 149 17 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-832 149 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 149 19 matrix matrix NN en-wikipedia-org-832 149 20 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 149 21 Western western JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 149 22 civilization civilization NN en-wikipedia-org-832 149 23 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 149 24 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-832 149 25 model model NN en-wikipedia-org-832 149 26 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 149 27 beauty beauty NN en-wikipedia-org-832 149 28 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 149 29 democracy democracy NN en-wikipedia-org-832 149 30 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 150 1 These these DT en-wikipedia-org-832 150 2 included include VBD en-wikipedia-org-832 150 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-832 150 4 Johann Johann NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 150 5 Joachim Joachim NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 150 6 Winckelmann Winckelmann NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 150 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 150 8 1717–1768 1717–1768 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 150 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 150 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 150 11 Wilhelm Wilhelm NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 150 12 von von NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 150 13 Humboldt Humboldt NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 150 14 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 150 15 1767–1835 1767–1835 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 150 16 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 150 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 150 18 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 150 19 Goethe Goethe NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 150 20 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 150 21 1749–1832 1749–1832 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 150 22 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 150 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 150 24 Lord Lord NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 150 25 Byron Byron NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 150 26 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 150 27 1788–1824 1788–1824 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 150 28 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 150 29 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 150 30 Samuel Samuel NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 150 31 Taylor Taylor NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 150 32 Coleridge Coleridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 150 33 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 150 34 1772–1834 1772–1834 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 150 35 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 150 36 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 150 37 Percy Percy NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 150 38 Bysshe Bysshe NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 150 39 Shelley Shelley NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 150 40 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 150 41 1792–1822 1792–1822 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 150 42 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 150 43 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 150 44 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 150 45 John John NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 150 46 Keats Keats NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 150 47 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 150 48 1795–1821 1795–1821 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 150 49 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 150 50 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 151 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 151 2 35][37 35][37 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 151 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 151 4 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-832 151 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 151 6 19th 19th JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 151 7 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-832 151 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 151 9 when when WRB en-wikipedia-org-832 151 10 Europe Europe NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 151 11 began begin VBD en-wikipedia-org-832 151 12 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-832 151 13 expand expand VB en-wikipedia-org-832 151 14 across across IN en-wikipedia-org-832 151 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 151 16 globe globe NN en-wikipedia-org-832 151 17 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 151 18 establish establish VB en-wikipedia-org-832 151 19 colonies colony NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 151 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 151 21 ancient ancient JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 151 22 Greece Greece NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 151 23 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 151 24 Rome Rome NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 151 25 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-832 151 26 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-832 151 27 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-832 151 28 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-832 151 29 source source NN en-wikipedia-org-832 151 30 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 151 31 empowerment empowerment NN en-wikipedia-org-832 151 32 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 151 33 justification justification NN en-wikipedia-org-832 151 34 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-832 151 35 Western western JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 151 36 civilizing civilizing NN en-wikipedia-org-832 151 37 mission mission NN en-wikipedia-org-832 151 38 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 152 1 At at IN en-wikipedia-org-832 152 2 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-832 152 3 period period NN en-wikipedia-org-832 152 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 152 5 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 152 6 French french JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 152 7 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 152 8 British british JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 152 9 imperial imperial JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 152 10 ideologues ideologue NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 152 11 identified identify VBN en-wikipedia-org-832 152 12 strongly strongly RB en-wikipedia-org-832 152 13 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-832 152 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 152 15 ancient ancient JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 152 16 empires empire NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 152 17 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 152 18 invoked invoke VBD en-wikipedia-org-832 152 19 ancient ancient JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 152 20 Greece Greece NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 152 21 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 152 22 Rome Rome NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 152 23 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-832 152 24 justify justify VB en-wikipedia-org-832 152 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 152 26 colonial colonial JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 152 27 civilizing civilizing NN en-wikipedia-org-832 152 28 project project NN en-wikipedia-org-832 152 29 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 153 1 They -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-832 153 2 urged urge VBD en-wikipedia-org-832 153 3 European european JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 153 4 colonizers colonizer NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 153 5 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-832 153 6 emulate emulate VB en-wikipedia-org-832 153 7 these these DT en-wikipedia-org-832 153 8 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-832 153 9 ideal ideal JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 153 10 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-832 153 11 classical classical JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 153 12 conquerors conqueror NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 153 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 153 14 whom whom WP en-wikipedia-org-832 153 15 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-832 153 16 regarded regard VBD en-wikipedia-org-832 153 17 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-832 153 18 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-832 153 19 universal universal JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 153 20 instructors instructor NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 153 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 153 22 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-832 154 1 For for IN en-wikipedia-org-832 154 2 Alexis Alexis NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 154 3 de de NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 154 4 Tocqueville Tocqueville NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 154 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 154 6 1805–1859 1805–1859 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 154 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 154 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 154 9 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-832 154 10 ardent ardent JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 154 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 154 12 influential influential JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 154 13 advocate advocate NN en-wikipedia-org-832 154 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 154 15 la la NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 154 16 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-832 154 17 Grande Grande NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 154 18 France France NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 154 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 154 20 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-832 154 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 154 22 classical classical JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 154 23 empires empire NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 154 24 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-832 154 25 model model NN en-wikipedia-org-832 154 26 conquerors conqueror NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 154 27 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-832 154 28 imitate imitate VB en-wikipedia-org-832 154 29 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 155 1 He -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-832 155 2 advised advise VBD en-wikipedia-org-832 155 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 155 4 French french JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 155 5 colonists colonist NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 155 6 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-832 155 7 Algeria Algeria NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 155 8 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-832 155 9 follow follow VB en-wikipedia-org-832 155 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 155 11 ancient ancient JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 155 12 imperial imperial JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 155 13 example example NN en-wikipedia-org-832 155 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 156 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-832 156 2 1841 1841 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 156 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 156 4 he -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-832 156 5 stated:[38 stated:[38 : en-wikipedia-org-832 156 6 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 156 7 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 156 8 W]hat w]hat NN en-wikipedia-org-832 156 9 matters matter VBZ en-wikipedia-org-832 156 10 most most RBS en-wikipedia-org-832 156 11 when when WRB en-wikipedia-org-832 156 12 we -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-832 156 13 want want VBP en-wikipedia-org-832 156 14 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-832 156 15 set set VB en-wikipedia-org-832 156 16 up up RP en-wikipedia-org-832 156 17 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 156 18 develop develop VB en-wikipedia-org-832 156 19 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-832 156 20 colony colony NN en-wikipedia-org-832 156 21 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-832 156 22 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-832 156 23 make make VB en-wikipedia-org-832 156 24 sure sure JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 156 25 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-832 156 26 those those DT en-wikipedia-org-832 156 27 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-832 156 28 arrive arrive VBP en-wikipedia-org-832 156 29 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-832 156 30 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-832 156 31 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-832 156 32 as as RB en-wikipedia-org-832 156 33 less less RBR en-wikipedia-org-832 156 34 estranged estranged JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 156 35 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-832 156 36 possible possible JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 156 37 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 156 38 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-832 156 39 these these DT en-wikipedia-org-832 156 40 newcomers newcomer NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 156 41 meet meet VBP en-wikipedia-org-832 156 42 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-832 156 43 perfect perfect JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 156 44 image image NN en-wikipedia-org-832 156 45 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 156 46 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-832 156 47 homeland homeland NN en-wikipedia-org-832 156 48 .... .... NFP en-wikipedia-org-832 156 49 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 156 50 thousand thousand CD en-wikipedia-org-832 156 51 colonies colony NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 156 52 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-832 156 53 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 156 54 Greeks Greeks NNPS en-wikipedia-org-832 156 55 founded found VBD en-wikipedia-org-832 156 56 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-832 156 57 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 156 58 Mediterranean Mediterranean NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 156 59 coasts coast NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 156 60 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-832 156 61 all all DT en-wikipedia-org-832 156 62 exact exact JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 156 63 copies copy NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 156 64 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 156 65 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 156 66 Greek greek JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 156 67 cities city NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 156 68 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-832 156 69 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-832 156 70 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-832 156 71 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-832 156 72 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-832 156 73 modelled model VBN en-wikipedia-org-832 156 74 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 157 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 157 2 Romans Romans NNPS en-wikipedia-org-832 157 3 established establish VBD en-wikipedia-org-832 157 4 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-832 157 5 almost almost RB en-wikipedia-org-832 157 6 all all DT en-wikipedia-org-832 157 7 parts part NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 157 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 157 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 157 10 globe globe NN en-wikipedia-org-832 157 11 known know VBN en-wikipedia-org-832 157 12 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-832 157 13 them -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-832 157 14 municipalities municipality NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 157 15 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-832 157 16 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-832 157 17 no no RB en-wikipedia-org-832 157 18 more more JJR en-wikipedia-org-832 157 19 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-832 157 20 miniature miniature JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 157 21 Romes rome NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 157 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 158 1 Among among IN en-wikipedia-org-832 158 2 modern modern JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 158 3 colonizers colonizer NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 158 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 158 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 158 6 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 158 7 did do VBD en-wikipedia-org-832 158 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 158 9 same same JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 158 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 159 1 Who who WP en-wikipedia-org-832 159 2 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-832 159 3 prevent prevent VB en-wikipedia-org-832 159 4 us -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-832 159 5 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-832 159 6 emulating emulate VBG en-wikipedia-org-832 159 7 these these DT en-wikipedia-org-832 159 8 European european JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 159 9 peoples people NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 159 10 ? ? . en-wikipedia-org-832 159 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 160 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 160 2 Greeks Greeks NNPS en-wikipedia-org-832 160 3 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 160 4 Romans Romans NNPS en-wikipedia-org-832 160 5 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-832 160 6 deemed deem VBN en-wikipedia-org-832 160 7 exemplary exemplary JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 160 8 conquerors conqueror NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 160 9 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 160 10 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-832 160 11 heuristic heuristic JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 160 12 teachers,"[35 teachers,"[35 NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 160 13 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 160 14 whose whose WP$ en-wikipedia-org-832 160 15 lessons lesson NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 160 16 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-832 160 17 invaluable invaluable JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 160 18 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-832 160 19 modern modern JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 160 20 colonists colonist NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 160 21 ideologues ideologue NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 160 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 161 1 John John NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 161 2 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-832 161 3 Robert Robert NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 161 4 Seeley Seeley NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 161 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 161 6 1834 1834 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 161 7 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-832 161 8 1895 1895 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 161 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 161 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 161 11 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-832 161 12 history history NN en-wikipedia-org-832 161 13 professor professor NN en-wikipedia-org-832 161 14 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-832 161 15 Cambridge Cambridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 161 16 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 161 17 proponent proponent NN en-wikipedia-org-832 161 18 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 161 19 imperialism imperialism NN en-wikipedia-org-832 161 20 stated state VBN en-wikipedia-org-832 161 21 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-832 161 22 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-832 161 23 rhetoric rhetoric NN en-wikipedia-org-832 161 24 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-832 161 25 echoed echo VBD en-wikipedia-org-832 161 26 that that DT en-wikipedia-org-832 161 27 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 161 28 Renan Renan NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 161 29 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-832 161 30 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 161 31 role role NN en-wikipedia-org-832 161 32 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 161 33 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 161 34 British British NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 161 35 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 161 36 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-832 161 37 ' ' '' en-wikipedia-org-832 161 38 similar similar JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 161 39 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-832 161 40 that that DT en-wikipedia-org-832 161 41 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 161 42 Rome Rome NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 161 43 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 161 44 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-832 161 45 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-832 161 46 we -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-832 161 47 hold hold VBP en-wikipedia-org-832 161 48 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 161 49 position position NN en-wikipedia-org-832 161 50 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 161 51 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-832 161 52 merely merely RB en-wikipedia-org-832 161 53 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 161 54 ruling rule VBG en-wikipedia-org-832 161 55 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-832 161 56 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 161 57 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-832 161 58 educating educate VBG en-wikipedia-org-832 161 59 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 161 60 civilizing civilizing NN en-wikipedia-org-832 161 61 race race NN en-wikipedia-org-832 161 62 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 162 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-832 162 2 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 162 3 39 39 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 162 4 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 162 5 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 162 6 incorporation incorporation NN en-wikipedia-org-832 162 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 162 8 ancient ancient JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 162 9 concepts concept NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 162 10 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 162 11 racial racial JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 162 12 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 162 13 cultural cultural JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 162 14 assumptions assumption NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 162 15 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-832 162 16 modern modern JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 162 17 imperial imperial JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 162 18 ideology ideology NN en-wikipedia-org-832 162 19 bolstered bolster VBN en-wikipedia-org-832 162 20 colonial colonial JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 162 21 claims claim NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 162 22 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-832 162 23 supremacy supremacy VB en-wikipedia-org-832 162 24 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 162 25 right right NN en-wikipedia-org-832 162 26 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-832 162 27 colonize colonize VB en-wikipedia-org-832 162 28 non non NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 162 29 - - NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 162 30 Europeans Europeans NNPS en-wikipedia-org-832 162 31 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 163 1 Because because IN en-wikipedia-org-832 163 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 163 3 these these DT en-wikipedia-org-832 163 4 numerous numerous JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 163 5 ramifications ramification NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 163 6 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-832 163 7 ancient ancient JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 163 8 representations representation NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 163 9 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 163 10 modern modern JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 163 11 colonial colonial JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 163 12 rhetoric rhetoric NN en-wikipedia-org-832 163 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 163 14 19th 19th JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 163 15 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-832 163 16 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-832 163 17 colonialist colonialist JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 163 18 discourse discourse NN en-wikipedia-org-832 163 19 acquires acquire VBZ en-wikipedia-org-832 163 20 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-832 163 21 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-832 163 22 multi multi JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 163 23 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 163 24 layered layered JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 163 25 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-832 163 26 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-832 163 27 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-832 163 28 palimpsestic palimpsestic JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 163 29 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-832 163 30 structure structure NN en-wikipedia-org-832 163 31 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 164 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 164 2 35 35 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 164 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 164 4 It -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-832 164 5 forms form VBZ en-wikipedia-org-832 164 6 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-832 164 7 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-832 164 8 historical historical JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 164 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 164 10 ideological ideological JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 164 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 164 12 narcissistic narcissistic JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 164 13 continuum continuum NN en-wikipedia-org-832 164 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 164 15 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-832 164 16 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-832 164 17 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-832 164 18 modern modern JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 164 19 theories theory NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 164 20 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 164 21 domination domination NN en-wikipedia-org-832 164 22 feed feed NN en-wikipedia-org-832 164 23 upon upon IN en-wikipedia-org-832 164 24 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 164 25 blend blend VB en-wikipedia-org-832 164 26 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-832 164 27 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-832 164 28 ancient ancient JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 164 29 myths myth NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 164 30 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 164 31 supremacy supremacy NN en-wikipedia-org-832 164 32 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 164 33 grandeur grandeur NN en-wikipedia-org-832 164 34 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 165 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-832 165 2 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 165 3 35 35 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 165 4 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 165 5 Postcolonial postcolonial JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 165 6 literary literary JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 165 7 study[edit study[edit NN en-wikipedia-org-832 165 8 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 165 9 As as IN en-wikipedia-org-832 165 10 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-832 165 11 literary literary JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 165 12 theory theory NN en-wikipedia-org-832 165 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 165 14 postcolonialism postcolonialism NN en-wikipedia-org-832 165 15 deals deal NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 165 16 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-832 165 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 165 18 literatures literature NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 165 19 produced produce VBN en-wikipedia-org-832 165 20 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-832 165 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 165 22 peoples people NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 165 23 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-832 165 24 once once RB en-wikipedia-org-832 165 25 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-832 165 26 colonized colonize VBN en-wikipedia-org-832 165 27 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-832 165 28 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 165 29 European european JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 165 30 imperial imperial JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 165 31 powers power NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 165 32 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 165 33 e.g. e.g. RB en-wikipedia-org-832 166 1 Britain Britain NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 166 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 166 3 France France NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 166 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 166 5 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 166 6 Spain Spain NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 166 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 166 8 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 166 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 166 10 literatures literature NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 166 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 166 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 166 13 decolonized decolonized JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 166 14 countries country NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 166 15 engaged engage VBN en-wikipedia-org-832 166 16 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-832 166 17 contemporary contemporary JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 166 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 166 19 postcolonial postcolonial JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 166 20 arrangements arrangement NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 166 21 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 166 22 e.g. e.g. RB en-wikipedia-org-832 167 1 Organisation Organisation NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 167 2 internationale internationale NN en-wikipedia-org-832 167 3 de de NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 167 4 la la NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 167 5 Francophonie Francophonie NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 167 6 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 167 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 167 8 Commonwealth Commonwealth NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 167 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 167 10 Nations Nations NNPS en-wikipedia-org-832 167 11 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 167 12 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-832 167 13 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-832 167 14 former former JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 167 15 mother mother NN en-wikipedia-org-832 167 16 countries country NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 167 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 168 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 168 2 40][41 40][41 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 168 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 168 4 Postcolonial postcolonial JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 168 5 literary literary JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 168 6 criticism criticism NN en-wikipedia-org-832 168 7 comprehends comprehend VBZ en-wikipedia-org-832 168 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 168 9 literatures literature NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 168 10 written write VBN en-wikipedia-org-832 168 11 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-832 168 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 168 13 colonizer colonizer NN en-wikipedia-org-832 168 14 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 168 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 168 16 colonized colonize VBN en-wikipedia-org-832 168 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 168 18 wherein wherein WRB en-wikipedia-org-832 168 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 168 20 subject subject JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 168 21 matter matter NN en-wikipedia-org-832 168 22 includes include VBZ en-wikipedia-org-832 168 23 portraits portrait NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 168 24 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 168 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 168 26 colonized colonize VBN en-wikipedia-org-832 168 27 peoples people NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 168 28 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 168 29 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-832 168 30 lives life NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 168 31 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-832 168 32 imperial imperial JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 168 33 subjects subject NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 168 34 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 169 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-832 169 2 Dutch dutch JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 169 3 literature literature NN en-wikipedia-org-832 169 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 169 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 169 6 Indies Indies NNPS en-wikipedia-org-832 169 7 Literature Literature NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 169 8 includes include VBZ en-wikipedia-org-832 169 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 169 10 colonial colonial JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 169 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 169 12 postcolonial postcolonial JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 169 13 genres genre NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 169 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 169 15 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-832 169 16 examine examine VBP en-wikipedia-org-832 169 17 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 169 18 analyze analyze VBP en-wikipedia-org-832 169 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 169 20 formation formation NN en-wikipedia-org-832 169 21 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 169 22 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-832 169 23 postcolonial postcolonial JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 169 24 identity identity NN en-wikipedia-org-832 169 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 169 26 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 169 27 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 169 28 postcolonial postcolonial JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 169 29 culture culture NN en-wikipedia-org-832 169 30 produced produce VBN en-wikipedia-org-832 169 31 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-832 169 32 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 169 33 diaspora diaspora NN en-wikipedia-org-832 169 34 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 169 35 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 169 36 Indo indo JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 169 37 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-832 169 38 European european JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 169 39 peoples people NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 169 40 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 169 41 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 169 42 Eurasian eurasian JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 169 43 folk folk NN en-wikipedia-org-832 169 44 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-832 169 45 originated originate VBD en-wikipedia-org-832 169 46 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-832 169 47 Indonesia Indonesia NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 169 48 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-832 169 49 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 169 50 peoples people NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 169 51 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-832 169 52 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-832 169 53 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 169 54 colony colony NN en-wikipedia-org-832 169 55 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 169 56 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 169 57 Dutch Dutch NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 169 58 East East NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 169 59 Indies Indies NNPS en-wikipedia-org-832 169 60 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-832 169 61 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-832 169 62 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 169 63 literature literature NN en-wikipedia-org-832 169 64 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 169 65 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 169 66 notable notable JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 169 67 author author NN en-wikipedia-org-832 169 68 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-832 169 69 Tjalie Tjalie NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 169 70 Robinson Robinson NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 169 71 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 170 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 170 2 42 42 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 170 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 170 4 Waiting wait VBG en-wikipedia-org-832 170 5 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-832 170 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 170 7 Barbarians Barbarians NNPS en-wikipedia-org-832 170 8 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 170 9 1980 1980 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 170 10 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 170 11 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-832 170 12 J. J. NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 170 13 M. M. NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 170 14 Coetzee Coetzee NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 170 15 depicts depict VBZ en-wikipedia-org-832 170 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 170 17 unfair unfair JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 170 18 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 170 19 inhuman inhuman JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 170 20 situation situation NN en-wikipedia-org-832 170 21 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 170 22 people people NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 170 23 dominated dominate VBN en-wikipedia-org-832 170 24 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-832 170 25 settlers settler NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 170 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 171 1 To to TO en-wikipedia-org-832 171 2 perpetuate perpetuate VB en-wikipedia-org-832 171 3 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 171 4 facilitate facilitate VB en-wikipedia-org-832 171 5 control control NN en-wikipedia-org-832 171 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 171 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 171 8 colonial colonial JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 171 9 enterprise enterprise NN en-wikipedia-org-832 171 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 171 11 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-832 171 12 colonized colonize VBN en-wikipedia-org-832 171 13 people people NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 171 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 171 15 especially especially RB en-wikipedia-org-832 171 16 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-832 171 17 among among IN en-wikipedia-org-832 171 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 171 19 subaltern subaltern JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 171 20 peoples people NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 171 21 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 171 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 171 23 British British NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 171 24 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 171 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 171 26 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-832 171 27 sent send VBN en-wikipedia-org-832 171 28 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-832 171 29 attend attend VB en-wikipedia-org-832 171 30 university university NN en-wikipedia-org-832 171 31 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-832 171 32 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 171 33 Imperial Imperial NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 171 34 Motherland Motherland NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 171 35 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-832 171 36 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-832 171 37 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-832 171 38 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-832 171 39 become become VB en-wikipedia-org-832 171 40 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 171 41 native native NN en-wikipedia-org-832 171 42 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-832 171 43 born bear VBN en-wikipedia-org-832 171 44 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 171 45 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-832 171 46 Europeanised europeanise VBN en-wikipedia-org-832 171 47 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 171 48 ruling rule VBG en-wikipedia-org-832 171 49 class class NN en-wikipedia-org-832 171 50 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 171 51 colonial colonial NN en-wikipedia-org-832 171 52 satraps satrap NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 171 53 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 172 1 Yet yet RB en-wikipedia-org-832 172 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 172 3 after after IN en-wikipedia-org-832 172 4 decolonization decolonization NN en-wikipedia-org-832 172 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 172 6 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-832 172 7 bicultural bicultural JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 172 8 educations education NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 172 9 originated originate VBD en-wikipedia-org-832 172 10 postcolonial postcolonial JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 172 11 criticism criticism NN en-wikipedia-org-832 172 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 172 13 empire empire NN en-wikipedia-org-832 172 14 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 172 15 colonialism colonialism NN en-wikipedia-org-832 172 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 172 17 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 172 18 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 172 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 172 20 representations representation NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 172 21 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 172 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 172 23 colonist colonist NN en-wikipedia-org-832 172 24 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 172 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 172 26 colonized colonize VBN en-wikipedia-org-832 172 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 173 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-832 173 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 173 3 late late JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 173 4 20th 20th JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 173 5 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-832 173 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 173 7 after after IN en-wikipedia-org-832 173 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 173 9 dissolution dissolution NN en-wikipedia-org-832 173 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 173 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 173 12 USSR USSR NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 173 13 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-832 173 14 1991 1991 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 173 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 173 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 173 17 constituent constituent NN en-wikipedia-org-832 173 18 Soviet Soviet NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 173 19 Socialist Socialist NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 173 20 Republics Republics NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 173 21 became become VBD en-wikipedia-org-832 173 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 173 23 literary literary JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 173 24 subjects subject NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 173 25 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 173 26 postcolonial postcolonial JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 173 27 criticism criticism NN en-wikipedia-org-832 173 28 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 173 29 wherein wherein WRB en-wikipedia-org-832 173 30 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 173 31 writers writer NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 173 32 dealt deal VBD en-wikipedia-org-832 173 33 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-832 173 34 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 173 35 legacies legacy NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 173 36 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 173 37 cultural cultural JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 173 38 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 173 39 social social JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 173 40 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 173 41 economic economic JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 173 42 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 173 43 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 173 44 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 173 45 Russification Russification NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 173 46 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 173 47 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-832 173 48 peoples people NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 173 49 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 173 50 countries country NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 173 51 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 173 52 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 173 53 cultures culture NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 173 54 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-832 173 55 service service NN en-wikipedia-org-832 173 56 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-832 173 57 Greater Greater NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 173 58 Russia Russia NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 173 59 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 174 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 174 2 43 43 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 174 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 174 4 Postcolonial postcolonial JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 174 5 literary literary JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 174 6 study study NN en-wikipedia-org-832 174 7 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-832 174 8 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-832 174 9 two two CD en-wikipedia-org-832 174 10 categories category NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 174 11 : : : en-wikipedia-org-832 174 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 174 13 study study NN en-wikipedia-org-832 174 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 174 15 postcolonial postcolonial JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 174 16 nations nation NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 174 17 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-832 174 18 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 174 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 174 20 study study NN en-wikipedia-org-832 174 21 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 174 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 174 23 nations nation NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 174 24 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-832 174 25 continue continue VBP en-wikipedia-org-832 174 26 forging forge VBG en-wikipedia-org-832 174 27 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-832 174 28 postcolonial postcolonial JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 174 29 national national JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 174 30 identity identity NN en-wikipedia-org-832 174 31 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 175 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 175 2 first first JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 175 3 category category NN en-wikipedia-org-832 175 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 175 5 literature literature NN en-wikipedia-org-832 175 6 presents present NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 175 7 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 175 8 analyzes analyze VBZ en-wikipedia-org-832 175 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 175 10 internal internal JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 175 11 challenges challenge NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 175 12 inherent inherent JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 175 13 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-832 175 14 determining determine VBG en-wikipedia-org-832 175 15 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-832 175 16 ethnic ethnic JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 175 17 identity identity NN en-wikipedia-org-832 175 18 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-832 175 19 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-832 175 20 decolonized decolonized JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 175 21 nation nation NN en-wikipedia-org-832 175 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 176 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 176 2 second second JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 176 3 category category NN en-wikipedia-org-832 176 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 176 5 literature literature NN en-wikipedia-org-832 176 6 presents present NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 176 7 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 176 8 analyzes analyze VBZ en-wikipedia-org-832 176 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 176 10 degeneration degeneration NN en-wikipedia-org-832 176 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 176 12 civic civic JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 176 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 176 14 nationalist nationalist JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 176 15 unities unity NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 176 16 consequent consequent NN en-wikipedia-org-832 176 17 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-832 176 18 ethnic ethnic JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 176 19 parochialism parochialism NN en-wikipedia-org-832 176 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 176 21 usually usually RB en-wikipedia-org-832 176 22 manifested manifest VBN en-wikipedia-org-832 176 23 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-832 176 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 176 25 demagoguery demagoguery NN en-wikipedia-org-832 176 26 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 176 27 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-832 176 28 protecting protect VBG en-wikipedia-org-832 176 29 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 176 30 nation nation NN en-wikipedia-org-832 176 31 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 176 32 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-832 176 33 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-832 176 34 variant variant NN en-wikipedia-org-832 176 35 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 176 36 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 176 37 us us NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 176 38 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-832 176 39 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 176 40 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-832 176 41 them -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-832 176 42 binary binary JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 176 43 social social JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 176 44 relation relation NN en-wikipedia-org-832 176 45 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 177 1 Civic civic JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 177 2 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 177 3 national national JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 177 4 unity unity NN en-wikipedia-org-832 177 5 degenerate degenerate VB en-wikipedia-org-832 177 6 when when WRB en-wikipedia-org-832 177 7 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-832 177 8 patriarchal patriarchal JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 177 9 régime régime NN en-wikipedia-org-832 177 10 unilaterally unilaterally RB en-wikipedia-org-832 177 11 defines define VBZ en-wikipedia-org-832 177 12 what what WP en-wikipedia-org-832 177 13 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-832 177 14 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 177 15 what what WP en-wikipedia-org-832 177 16 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-832 177 17 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-832 177 18 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-832 177 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 177 20 national national JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 177 21 culture culture NN en-wikipedia-org-832 177 22 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-832 177 23 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 177 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 177 25 decolonized decolonized JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 177 26 country country NN en-wikipedia-org-832 177 27 : : : en-wikipedia-org-832 177 28 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 177 29 nation nation NN en-wikipedia-org-832 177 30 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-832 177 31 state state NN en-wikipedia-org-832 177 32 collapses collapse NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 177 33 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 177 34 either either CC en-wikipedia-org-832 177 35 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-832 177 36 communal communal JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 177 37 movements movement NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 177 38 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 177 39 espousing espouse VBG en-wikipedia-org-832 177 40 grand grand JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 177 41 political political JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 177 42 goals goal NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 177 43 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-832 177 44 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 177 45 postcolonial postcolonial JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 177 46 nation nation NN en-wikipedia-org-832 177 47 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-832 177 48 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-832 177 49 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-832 177 50 ethnically ethnically RB en-wikipedia-org-832 177 51 mixed mixed JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 177 52 communal communal JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 177 53 movements movement NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 177 54 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 177 55 espousing espouse VBG en-wikipedia-org-832 177 56 political political JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 177 57 separatism separatism NN en-wikipedia-org-832 177 58 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 177 59 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-832 177 60 occurred occur VBD en-wikipedia-org-832 177 61 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-832 177 62 decolonized decolonized JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 177 63 Rwanda Rwanda NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 177 64 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 177 65 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 177 66 Sudan Sudan NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 177 67 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 177 68 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 177 69 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 177 70 Democratic Democratic NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 177 71 Republic Republic NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 177 72 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 177 73 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 177 74 Congo Congo NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 177 75 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-832 177 76 thus thus RB en-wikipedia-org-832 177 77 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 177 78 postcolonial postcolonial JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 177 79 extremes extreme NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 177 80 against against IN en-wikipedia-org-832 177 81 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-832 177 82 Frantz Frantz NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 177 83 Fanon Fanon NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 177 84 warned warn VBD en-wikipedia-org-832 177 85 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-832 177 86 1961 1961 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 177 87 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 178 1 Regarding regard VBG en-wikipedia-org-832 178 2 sociolinguistic sociolinguistic JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 178 3 interpretations interpretation NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 178 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 178 5 literary literary JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 178 6 texts text NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 178 7 through through IN en-wikipedia-org-832 178 8 postcolonial postcolonial JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 178 9 lenses lense NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 178 10 we -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-832 178 11 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-832 178 12 refer refer VB en-wikipedia-org-832 178 13 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-832 178 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 178 15 book book NN en-wikipedia-org-832 178 16 Indian Indian NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 178 17 Novels Novels NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 178 18 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-832 178 19 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 178 20 : : : en-wikipedia-org-832 178 21 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-832 178 22 Sociolinguistic Sociolinguistic NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 178 23 Study Study NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 178 24 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 178 25 2005 2005 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 178 26 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 178 27 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-832 178 28 Jaydeep Jaydeep NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 178 29 Sarangi Sarangi NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 178 30 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 179 1 Application[edit Application[edit `` en-wikipedia-org-832 179 2 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 179 3 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 179 4 Middle Middle NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 179 5 East[edit east[edit NN en-wikipedia-org-832 179 6 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 179 7 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-832 179 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 179 9 essays essay NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 179 10 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-832 179 11 Overstating overstate VBG en-wikipedia-org-832 179 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 179 13 Arab arab JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 179 14 State State NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 179 15 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-832 179 16 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 179 17 2001 2001 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 179 18 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 179 19 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-832 179 20 Nazih Nazih NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 179 21 Ayubi Ayubi NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 179 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 179 23 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 179 24 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-832 179 25 Is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-832 179 26 Jordan Jordan NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 179 27 Palestine Palestine NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 179 28 ? ? . en-wikipedia-org-832 179 29 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-832 180 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 180 2 2003 2003 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 180 3 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 180 4 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-832 180 5 Raphael Raphael NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 180 6 Israeli Israeli NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 180 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 180 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 180 9 authors author NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 180 10 deal deal VBP en-wikipedia-org-832 180 11 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-832 180 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 180 13 psychologically psychologically RB en-wikipedia-org-832 180 14 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-832 180 15 fragmented fragment VBN en-wikipedia-org-832 180 16 postcolonial postcolonial JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 180 17 identity identity NN en-wikipedia-org-832 180 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 180 19 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-832 180 20 determined determine VBN en-wikipedia-org-832 180 21 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-832 180 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 180 23 effects effect NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 180 24 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 180 25 political political JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 180 26 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 180 27 social social JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 180 28 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 180 29 cultural cultural JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 180 30 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 180 31 economic economic JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 180 32 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 180 33 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 180 34 Western western JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 180 35 colonialism colonialism NN en-wikipedia-org-832 180 36 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-832 180 37 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 180 38 Middle Middle NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 180 39 East East NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 180 40 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 181 1 As as IN en-wikipedia-org-832 181 2 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 181 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 181 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 181 5 fragmented fragmented JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 181 6 national national JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 181 7 identity identity NN en-wikipedia-org-832 181 8 remains remain VBZ en-wikipedia-org-832 181 9 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-832 181 10 characteristic characteristic NN en-wikipedia-org-832 181 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 181 12 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 181 13 societies society NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 181 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 181 15 consequence consequence NN en-wikipedia-org-832 181 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 181 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 181 18 imperially imperially RB en-wikipedia-org-832 181 19 convenient convenient JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 181 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 181 21 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-832 181 22 arbitrary arbitrary JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 181 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 181 24 colonial colonial JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 181 25 boundaries boundary NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 181 26 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 181 27 geographic geographic JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 181 28 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 181 29 cultural cultural JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 181 30 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 181 31 demarcated demarcate VBN en-wikipedia-org-832 181 32 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-832 181 33 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 181 34 Europeans Europeans NNPS en-wikipedia-org-832 181 35 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 181 36 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-832 181 37 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-832 181 38 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-832 181 39 ignored ignore VBD en-wikipedia-org-832 181 40 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 181 41 tribal tribal JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 181 42 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 181 43 clan clan NN en-wikipedia-org-832 181 44 relations relation NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 181 45 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-832 181 46 determined determine VBD en-wikipedia-org-832 181 47 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 181 48 geographic geographic JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 181 49 borders border NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 181 50 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 181 51 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 181 52 Middle Middle NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 181 53 East East NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 181 54 countries country NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 181 55 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 181 56 before before IN en-wikipedia-org-832 181 57 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 181 58 arrival arrival NN en-wikipedia-org-832 181 59 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 181 60 European european JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 181 61 imperialists imperialist NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 181 62 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 182 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 182 2 44][45 44][45 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 182 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 182 4 Hence hence RB en-wikipedia-org-832 182 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 182 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 182 7 postcolonial postcolonial JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 182 8 literature literature NN en-wikipedia-org-832 182 9 about about IN en-wikipedia-org-832 182 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 182 11 Middle Middle NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 182 12 East East NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 182 13 examines examine NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 182 14 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 182 15 analyzes analyze VBZ en-wikipedia-org-832 182 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 182 17 Western western JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 182 18 discourses discourse NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 182 19 about about IN en-wikipedia-org-832 182 20 identity identity NN en-wikipedia-org-832 182 21 formation formation NN en-wikipedia-org-832 182 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 182 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 182 24 existence existence NN en-wikipedia-org-832 182 25 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 182 26 inconsistent inconsistent JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 182 27 nature nature NN en-wikipedia-org-832 182 28 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 182 29 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-832 182 30 postcolonial postcolonial JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 182 31 national national JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 182 32 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-832 182 33 identity identity NN en-wikipedia-org-832 182 34 among among IN en-wikipedia-org-832 182 35 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 182 36 peoples people NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 182 37 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 182 38 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 182 39 contemporary contemporary JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 182 40 Middle Middle NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 182 41 East East NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 182 42 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 183 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 183 2 46 46 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 183 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 183 4 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-832 183 5 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 183 6 Middle Middle NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 183 7 East East NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 183 8 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-832 183 9 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-832 183 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 183 11 Western western JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 183 12 name name NN en-wikipedia-org-832 183 13 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-832 183 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 183 15 countries country NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 183 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 183 17 South south JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 183 18 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-832 183 19 western western JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 183 20 Asia Asia NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 183 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 184 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-832 184 2 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-832 184 3 essay essay NN en-wikipedia-org-832 184 4 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-832 184 5 Who who WP en-wikipedia-org-832 184 6 Am be VBP en-wikipedia-org-832 184 7 I -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-832 184 8 ? ? . en-wikipedia-org-832 185 1 : : : en-wikipedia-org-832 185 2 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 185 3 Identity Identity NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 185 4 Crisis Crisis NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 185 5 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-832 185 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 185 7 Middle Middle NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 185 8 East East NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 185 9 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-832 185 10 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 185 11 2006 2006 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 185 12 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 185 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 185 14 P.R. P.R. NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 186 1 Kumaraswamy Kumaraswamy NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 186 2 says say VBZ en-wikipedia-org-832 186 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-832 186 4 Most Most JJS en-wikipedia-org-832 186 5 countries country NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 186 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 186 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 186 8 Middle Middle NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 186 9 East East NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 186 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 186 11 suffered suffer VBD en-wikipedia-org-832 186 12 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-832 186 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 186 14 fundamental fundamental JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 186 15 problems problem NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 186 16 over over IN en-wikipedia-org-832 186 17 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-832 186 18 national national JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 186 19 identities identity NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 186 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 187 1 More More JJR en-wikipedia-org-832 187 2 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-832 187 3 three three CD en-wikipedia-org-832 187 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-832 187 5 quarters quarter NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 187 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 187 7 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-832 187 8 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-832 187 9 after after IN en-wikipedia-org-832 187 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 187 11 disintegration disintegration NN en-wikipedia-org-832 187 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 187 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 187 14 Ottoman Ottoman NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 187 15 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 187 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 187 17 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-832 187 18 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-832 187 19 most most JJS en-wikipedia-org-832 187 20 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 187 21 them -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-832 187 22 emerged emerge VBD en-wikipedia-org-832 187 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 187 24 these these DT en-wikipedia-org-832 187 25 states state NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 187 26 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-832 187 27 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-832 187 28 unable unable JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 187 29 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-832 187 30 define define VB en-wikipedia-org-832 187 31 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 187 32 project project NN en-wikipedia-org-832 187 33 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 187 34 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 187 35 maintain maintain VB en-wikipedia-org-832 187 36 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-832 187 37 national national JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 187 38 identity identity NN en-wikipedia-org-832 187 39 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-832 187 40 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-832 187 41 both both DT en-wikipedia-org-832 187 42 inclusive inclusive JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 187 43 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 187 44 representative representative JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 187 45 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 188 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 188 2 47 47 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 188 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 188 4 Independence Independence NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 188 5 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 188 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 188 7 end end NN en-wikipedia-org-832 188 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 188 9 colonialism colonialism NN en-wikipedia-org-832 188 10 did do VBD en-wikipedia-org-832 188 11 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-832 188 12 end end VB en-wikipedia-org-832 188 13 social social JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 188 14 fragmentation fragmentation NN en-wikipedia-org-832 188 15 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 188 16 war war NN en-wikipedia-org-832 188 17 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 188 18 civil civil JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 188 19 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 188 20 international international JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 188 21 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 188 22 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-832 188 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 188 24 Middle Middle NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 188 25 East East NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 188 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 189 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 189 2 46 46 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 189 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 189 4 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-832 189 5 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 189 6 Search Search NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 189 7 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-832 189 8 Arab arab JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 189 9 Democracy democracy NN en-wikipedia-org-832 189 10 : : : en-wikipedia-org-832 189 11 Discourses Discourses NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 189 12 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 189 13 Counter Counter NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 189 14 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-832 189 15 Discourses Discourses NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 189 16 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 189 17 2004 2004 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 189 18 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 189 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 189 20 Larbi Larbi NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 189 21 Sadiki Sadiki NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 189 22 says say VBZ en-wikipedia-org-832 189 23 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-832 189 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 189 25 problems problem NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 189 26 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 189 27 national national JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 189 28 identity identity NN en-wikipedia-org-832 189 29 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-832 189 30 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 189 31 Middle Middle NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 189 32 East East NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 189 33 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-832 189 34 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-832 189 35 consequence consequence NN en-wikipedia-org-832 189 36 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 189 37 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 189 38 Orientalist orientalist JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 189 39 indifference indifference NN en-wikipedia-org-832 189 40 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 189 41 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 189 42 European european JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 189 43 empires empire NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 189 44 when when WRB en-wikipedia-org-832 189 45 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-832 189 46 demarcated demarcate VBD en-wikipedia-org-832 189 47 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 189 48 political political JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 189 49 borders border NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 189 50 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 189 51 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-832 189 52 colonies colony NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 189 53 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 189 54 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-832 189 55 ignored ignore VBD en-wikipedia-org-832 189 56 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 189 57 local local JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 189 58 history history NN en-wikipedia-org-832 189 59 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 189 60 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 189 61 geographic geographic JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 189 62 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 189 63 tribal tribal JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 189 64 boundaries boundary NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 189 65 observed observe VBN en-wikipedia-org-832 189 66 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-832 189 67 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 189 68 natives native NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 189 69 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 189 70 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-832 189 71 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 189 72 course course NN en-wikipedia-org-832 189 73 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 189 74 establishing establish VBG en-wikipedia-org-832 189 75 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 189 76 Western western JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 189 77 version version NN en-wikipedia-org-832 189 78 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 189 79 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 189 80 Middle Middle NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 189 81 East East NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 189 82 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 190 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-832 190 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 190 3 event:[47 event:[47 NN en-wikipedia-org-832 190 4 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 190 5 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 190 6 I]n I]n NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 190 7 places place NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 190 8 like like IN en-wikipedia-org-832 190 9 Iraq Iraq NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 190 10 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 190 11 Jordan Jordan NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 190 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 190 13 leaders leader NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 190 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 190 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 190 16 new new JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 190 17 sovereign sovereign JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 190 18 states state NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 190 19 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-832 190 20 brought bring VBN en-wikipedia-org-832 190 21 in in RP en-wikipedia-org-832 190 22 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-832 190 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 190 24 outside outside NN en-wikipedia-org-832 190 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 190 26 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 190 27 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 190 28 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 190 29 tailored tailor VBN en-wikipedia-org-832 190 30 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-832 190 31 suit suit VB en-wikipedia-org-832 190 32 colonial colonial JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 190 33 interests interest NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 190 34 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 190 35 commitments commitment NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 190 36 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 191 1 Likewise likewise RB en-wikipedia-org-832 191 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 191 3 most most JJS en-wikipedia-org-832 191 4 states state NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 191 5 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-832 191 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 191 7 Persian Persian NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 191 8 Gulf Gulf NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 191 9 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-832 191 10 handed hand VBN en-wikipedia-org-832 191 11 over over RP en-wikipedia-org-832 191 12 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-832 191 13 those those DT en-wikipedia-org-832 191 14 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 191 15 Europeanised europeanise VBN en-wikipedia-org-832 191 16 colonial colonial JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 191 17 subjects subject NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 191 18 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 191 19 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-832 191 20 could could MD en-wikipedia-org-832 191 21 protect protect VB en-wikipedia-org-832 191 22 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 191 23 safeguard safeguard VB en-wikipedia-org-832 191 24 imperial imperial JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 191 25 interests interest NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 191 26 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-832 191 27 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 191 28 post post JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 191 29 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 191 30 withdrawal withdrawal JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 191 31 phase phase NN en-wikipedia-org-832 191 32 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 192 1 Moreover moreover RB en-wikipedia-org-832 192 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 192 3 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-832 192 4 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-832 192 5 notable notable JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 192 6 exceptions exception NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 192 7 like like IN en-wikipedia-org-832 192 8 Egypt Egypt NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 192 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 192 10 Iran Iran NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 192 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 192 12 Iraq Iraq NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 192 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 192 14 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 192 15 Syria Syria NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 192 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 192 17 most most JJS en-wikipedia-org-832 192 18 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 192 19 countries] countries] NN en-wikipedia-org-832 192 20 ... ... : en-wikipedia-org-832 192 21 [have [have XX en-wikipedia-org-832 192 22 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 192 23 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-832 192 24 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-832 192 25 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 192 26 re]invent re]invent NN en-wikipedia-org-832 192 27 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 192 28 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-832 192 29 historical historical JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 192 30 roots root NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 192 31 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-832 192 32 after after IN en-wikipedia-org-832 192 33 decolonization decolonization NN en-wikipedia-org-832 192 34 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 192 35 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 192 36 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 192 37 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-832 192 38 like like IN en-wikipedia-org-832 192 39 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-832 192 40 colonial colonial JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 192 41 predecessor predecessor NN en-wikipedia-org-832 192 42 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 192 43 postcolonial postcolonial JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 192 44 identity identity NN en-wikipedia-org-832 192 45 owes owe VBZ en-wikipedia-org-832 192 46 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-832 192 47 existence existence NN en-wikipedia-org-832 192 48 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-832 192 49 force force NN en-wikipedia-org-832 192 50 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 193 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-832 193 2 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 193 3 48 48 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 193 4 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 193 5 Africa[edit africa[edit CD en-wikipedia-org-832 193 6 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 193 7 Colonialism colonialism NN en-wikipedia-org-832 193 8 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-832 193 9 1913 1913 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 193 10 : : : en-wikipedia-org-832 193 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 193 12 African african JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 193 13 colonies colony NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 193 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 193 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 193 16 European european JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 193 17 empires empire NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 193 18 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-832 193 19 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 193 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 193 21 postcolonial postcolonial JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 193 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 193 23 21st 21st JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 193 24 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-832 193 25 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-832 193 26 political political JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 193 27 boundaries boundary NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 193 28 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 193 29 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 193 30 decolonized decolonized JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 193 31 countries country NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 193 32 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 194 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 194 2 Click click VB en-wikipedia-org-832 194 3 image image NN en-wikipedia-org-832 194 4 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-832 194 5 key key NN en-wikipedia-org-832 194 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 194 7 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-832 194 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 194 9 late late JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 194 10 19th 19th JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 194 11 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-832 194 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 194 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 194 14 Scramble Scramble NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 194 15 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-832 194 16 Africa Africa NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 194 17 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 194 18 1874–1914 1874–1914 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 194 19 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 194 20 proved prove VBD en-wikipedia-org-832 194 21 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-832 194 22 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-832 194 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 194 24 tail tail NN en-wikipedia-org-832 194 25 end end NN en-wikipedia-org-832 194 26 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 194 27 mercantilist mercantilist JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 194 28 colonialism colonialism NN en-wikipedia-org-832 194 29 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 194 30 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 194 31 European european JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 194 32 imperial imperial JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 194 33 powers power NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 194 34 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 194 35 yet yet RB en-wikipedia-org-832 194 36 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 194 37 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-832 194 38 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 194 39 Africans Africans NNPS en-wikipedia-org-832 194 40 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 194 41 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 194 42 consequences consequence NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 194 43 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-832 194 44 greater great JJR en-wikipedia-org-832 194 45 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-832 194 46 elsewhere elsewhere RB en-wikipedia-org-832 194 47 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-832 194 48 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 194 49 colonized colonize VBN en-wikipedia-org-832 194 50 non non JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 194 51 – – JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 194 52 Western western JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 194 53 world world NN en-wikipedia-org-832 194 54 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 195 1 To to TO en-wikipedia-org-832 195 2 facilitate facilitate VB en-wikipedia-org-832 195 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 195 4 colonization colonization NN en-wikipedia-org-832 195 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 195 6 European european JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 195 7 empires empire NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 195 8 laid lay VBD en-wikipedia-org-832 195 9 railroads railroad NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 195 10 where where WRB en-wikipedia-org-832 195 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 195 12 rivers river NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 195 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 195 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 195 15 land land NN en-wikipedia-org-832 195 16 proved prove VBD en-wikipedia-org-832 195 17 impassable impassable JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 195 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 196 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 196 2 Imperial imperial JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 196 3 British british JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 196 4 railroad railroad NN en-wikipedia-org-832 196 5 effort effort NN en-wikipedia-org-832 196 6 proved prove VBD en-wikipedia-org-832 196 7 overambitious overambitious JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 196 8 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-832 196 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 196 10 effort effort NN en-wikipedia-org-832 196 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 196 12 traversing traverse VBG en-wikipedia-org-832 196 13 continental continental JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 196 14 Africa Africa NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 196 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 196 16 yet yet CC en-wikipedia-org-832 196 17 succeeded succeed VBN en-wikipedia-org-832 196 18 only only RB en-wikipedia-org-832 196 19 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-832 196 20 connecting connect VBG en-wikipedia-org-832 196 21 colonial colonial NN en-wikipedia-org-832 196 22 North North NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 196 23 Africa Africa NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 196 24 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 196 25 Cairo Cairo NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 196 26 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 196 27 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-832 196 28 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 196 29 colonial colonial JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 196 30 south south RB en-wikipedia-org-832 196 31 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 196 32 Africa Africa NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 196 33 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 196 34 Cape Cape NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 196 35 Town Town NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 196 36 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 196 37 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 197 1 Upon upon IN en-wikipedia-org-832 197 2 arriving arrive VBG en-wikipedia-org-832 197 3 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-832 197 4 Africa Africa NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 197 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 197 6 Europeans Europeans NNPS en-wikipedia-org-832 197 7 encountered encounter VBD en-wikipedia-org-832 197 8 various various JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 197 9 African african JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 197 10 civilizations civilization NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 197 11 namely namely RB en-wikipedia-org-832 197 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 197 13 Ashanti Ashanti NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 197 14 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 197 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 197 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 197 17 Benin Benin NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 197 18 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 197 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 197 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 197 21 Kingdom Kingdom NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 197 22 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 197 23 Dahomey Dahomey NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 197 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 197 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 197 26 Buganda Buganda NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 197 27 Kingdom Kingdom NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 197 28 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 197 29 Uganda Uganda NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 197 30 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 197 31 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 197 32 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 197 33 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 197 34 Kingdom Kingdom NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 197 35 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 197 36 Kongo Kongo NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 197 37 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 197 38 all all DT en-wikipedia-org-832 197 39 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 197 40 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-832 197 41 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-832 197 42 annexed annex VBN en-wikipedia-org-832 197 43 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-832 197 44 imperial imperial JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 197 45 powers power NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 197 46 under under IN en-wikipedia-org-832 197 47 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 197 48 belief belief NN en-wikipedia-org-832 197 49 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-832 197 50 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-832 197 51 required require VBD en-wikipedia-org-832 197 52 European european JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 197 53 stewardship stewardship NN en-wikipedia-org-832 197 54 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 197 55 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-832 197 56 proposed propose VBN en-wikipedia-org-832 197 57 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 197 58 justified justify VBN en-wikipedia-org-832 197 59 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-832 197 60 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 197 61 essay essay NN en-wikipedia-org-832 197 62 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-832 197 63 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 197 64 African african JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 197 65 Character Character NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 197 66 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-832 197 67 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 197 68 1830 1830 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 197 69 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 197 70 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 197 71 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-832 197 72 G. G. NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 197 73 W. W. NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 197 74 F. F. NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 197 75 Hegel Hegel NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 197 76 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 197 77 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-832 197 78 keeping keep VBG en-wikipedia-org-832 197 79 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-832 197 80 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-832 197 81 philosophic philosophic JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 197 82 opinion opinion NN en-wikipedia-org-832 197 83 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-832 197 84 cultures culture NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 197 85 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-832 197 86 stages stage NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 197 87 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-832 197 88 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 197 89 course course NN en-wikipedia-org-832 197 90 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 197 91 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 197 92 historical historical JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 197 93 unfolding unfolding NN en-wikipedia-org-832 197 94 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 197 95 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 197 96 Absolute Absolute NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 197 97 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 198 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 198 2 49 49 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 198 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 198 4 Nigeria Nigeria NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 198 5 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-832 198 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 198 7 homeland homeland NN en-wikipedia-org-832 198 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 198 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 198 10 Hausa hausa JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 198 11 people people NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 198 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 198 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 198 14 Yoruba yoruba JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 198 15 people people NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 198 16 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 198 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 198 18 Igbo Igbo NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 198 19 people people NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 198 20 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-832 198 21 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-832 198 22 last last RB en-wikipedia-org-832 198 23 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-832 198 24 among among IN en-wikipedia-org-832 198 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 198 26 first first JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 198 27 people people NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 198 28 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-832 198 29 develop develop VB en-wikipedia-org-832 198 30 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-832 198 31 history history NN en-wikipedia-org-832 198 32 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-832 198 33 constructing construct VBG en-wikipedia-org-832 198 34 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-832 198 35 postcolonial postcolonial JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 198 36 identity identity NN en-wikipedia-org-832 198 37 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 199 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 199 2 See see VB en-wikipedia-org-832 199 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-832 199 4 Things thing NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 199 5 Fall fall VB en-wikipedia-org-832 199 6 Apart apart RB en-wikipedia-org-832 199 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 199 8 1958 1958 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 199 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 199 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 200 1 About about IN en-wikipedia-org-832 200 2 East East NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 200 3 Africa Africa NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 200 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 200 5 Kenyan kenyan JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 200 6 writer writer NN en-wikipedia-org-832 200 7 Ngũgĩ Ngũgĩ NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 200 8 wa wa NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 200 9 Thiong'o Thiong'o NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 200 10 wrote write VBD en-wikipedia-org-832 200 11 Weep weep VB en-wikipedia-org-832 200 12 Not not RB en-wikipedia-org-832 200 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 200 14 Child child NN en-wikipedia-org-832 200 15 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 200 16 1964 1964 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 200 17 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 200 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 200 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 200 20 first first JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 200 21 postcolonial postcolonial JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 200 22 novel novel NN en-wikipedia-org-832 200 23 about about IN en-wikipedia-org-832 200 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 200 25 East east JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 200 26 African african JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 200 27 experience experience NN en-wikipedia-org-832 200 28 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 200 29 colonial colonial JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 200 30 imperialism imperialism NN en-wikipedia-org-832 200 31 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-832 200 32 as as RB en-wikipedia-org-832 200 33 well well RB en-wikipedia-org-832 200 34 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-832 200 35 Decolonizing decolonize VBG en-wikipedia-org-832 200 36 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 200 37 Mind mind NN en-wikipedia-org-832 200 38 : : : en-wikipedia-org-832 200 39 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 200 40 Politics Politics NNPS en-wikipedia-org-832 200 41 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 200 42 Language Language NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 200 43 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-832 200 44 African African NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 200 45 Literature Literature NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 200 46 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 200 47 1986 1986 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 200 48 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 200 49 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 201 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-832 201 2 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 201 3 River River NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 201 4 Between between IN en-wikipedia-org-832 201 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 201 6 1965 1965 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 201 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 201 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 201 9 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-832 201 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 201 11 Mau Mau NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 201 12 Mau Mau NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 201 13 Uprising Uprising NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 201 14 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 201 15 1952–60 1952–60 LS en-wikipedia-org-832 201 16 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 201 17 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-832 201 18 political political JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 201 19 background background NN en-wikipedia-org-832 201 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 201 21 he -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-832 201 22 addresses address VBZ en-wikipedia-org-832 201 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 201 24 postcolonial postcolonial JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 201 25 matters matter NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 201 26 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 201 27 African african JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 201 28 religious religious JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 201 29 cultures culture NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 201 30 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 201 31 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 201 32 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 201 33 consequences consequence NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 201 34 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 201 35 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 201 36 imposition imposition NN en-wikipedia-org-832 201 37 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 201 38 Christianity Christianity NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 201 39 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 201 40 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-832 201 41 religion religion NN en-wikipedia-org-832 201 42 culturally culturally RB en-wikipedia-org-832 201 43 foreign foreign JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 201 44 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-832 201 45 Kenya Kenya NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 201 46 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 201 47 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-832 201 48 most most JJS en-wikipedia-org-832 201 49 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 201 50 Africa Africa NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 201 51 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 202 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-832 202 2 postcolonial postcolonial JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 202 3 countries country NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 202 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 202 5 Africa Africa NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 202 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 202 7 Africans Africans NNPS en-wikipedia-org-832 202 8 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 202 9 non non AFX en-wikipedia-org-832 202 10 – – : en-wikipedia-org-832 202 11 Africans Africans NNPS en-wikipedia-org-832 202 12 live live VBP en-wikipedia-org-832 202 13 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-832 202 14 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-832 202 15 world world NN en-wikipedia-org-832 202 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 202 17 genders gender NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 202 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 202 19 ethnicities ethnicity NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 202 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 202 21 classes class NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 202 22 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 202 23 languages language NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 202 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 202 25 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 202 26 ages age NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 202 27 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 202 28 families family NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 202 29 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 202 30 professions profession NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 202 31 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 202 32 religions religion NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 202 33 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 202 34 nations nation NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 202 35 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 203 1 There there EX en-wikipedia-org-832 203 2 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-832 203 3 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-832 203 4 suggestion suggestion NN en-wikipedia-org-832 203 5 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-832 203 6 individualism individualism NN en-wikipedia-org-832 203 7 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 203 8 postcolonialism postcolonialism NN en-wikipedia-org-832 203 9 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-832 203 10 essentially essentially RB en-wikipedia-org-832 203 11 discontinuous discontinuous JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 203 12 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 203 13 divergent divergent JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 203 14 cultural cultural JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 203 15 phenomena phenomenon NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 203 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 204 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 204 2 50 50 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 204 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 204 4 Asia[edit Asia[edit `` en-wikipedia-org-832 204 5 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 204 6 Map Map NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 204 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 204 8 French French NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 204 9 Indochina Indochina NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 204 10 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-832 204 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 204 12 colonial colonial JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 204 13 period period NN en-wikipedia-org-832 204 14 showing show VBG en-wikipedia-org-832 204 15 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-832 204 16 five five CD en-wikipedia-org-832 204 17 subdivisions subdivision NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 204 18 : : : en-wikipedia-org-832 204 19 Tonkin Tonkin NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 204 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 204 21 Annam Annam NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 204 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 204 23 Cochinchina Cochinchina NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 204 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 204 25 Cambodia Cambodia NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 204 26 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 204 27 Laos Laos NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 204 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 205 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 205 2 Click click VB en-wikipedia-org-832 205 3 image image NN en-wikipedia-org-832 205 4 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-832 205 5 key key NN en-wikipedia-org-832 205 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 205 7 French French NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 205 8 Indochina Indochina NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 205 9 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-832 205 10 divided divide VBN en-wikipedia-org-832 205 11 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-832 205 12 five five CD en-wikipedia-org-832 205 13 subdivisions subdivision NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 205 14 : : : en-wikipedia-org-832 205 15 Tonkin Tonkin NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 205 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 205 17 Annam Annam NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 205 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 205 19 Cochinchina Cochinchina NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 205 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 205 21 Cambodia Cambodia NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 205 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 205 23 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 205 24 Laos Laos NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 205 25 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 206 1 Cochinchina Cochinchina NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 206 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 206 3 southern southern JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 206 4 Vietnam Vietnam NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 206 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 206 6 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-832 206 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 206 8 first first JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 206 9 territory territory NN en-wikipedia-org-832 206 10 under under IN en-wikipedia-org-832 206 11 French french JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 206 12 control control NN en-wikipedia-org-832 206 13 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-832 206 14 Saigon Saigon NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 206 15 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-832 206 16 conquered conquer VBN en-wikipedia-org-832 206 17 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-832 206 18 1859 1859 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 206 19 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-832 206 20 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 206 21 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-832 206 22 1887 1887 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 206 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 206 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 206 25 Indochinese Indochinese NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 206 26 Union Union NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 206 27 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 206 28 Union Union NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 206 29 indochinoise indochinoise NN en-wikipedia-org-832 206 30 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 206 31 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-832 206 32 established establish VBN en-wikipedia-org-832 206 33 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 207 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-832 207 2 1924 1924 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 207 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 207 4 Nguyen Nguyen NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 207 5 Ai Ai NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 207 6 Quoc Quoc NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 207 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 207 8 aka aka RB en-wikipedia-org-832 207 9 Ho Ho NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 207 10 Chi Chi NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 207 11 Minh Minh NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 207 12 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 207 13 wrote write VBD en-wikipedia-org-832 207 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 207 15 first first JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 207 16 critical critical JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 207 17 text text NN en-wikipedia-org-832 207 18 against against IN en-wikipedia-org-832 207 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 207 20 French french JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 207 21 colonization colonization NN en-wikipedia-org-832 207 22 : : : en-wikipedia-org-832 207 23 Le Le NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 207 24 Procès Procès NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 207 25 de de NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 207 26 la la NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 207 27 colonization colonization NN en-wikipedia-org-832 207 28 française française NN en-wikipedia-org-832 207 29 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 207 30 ' ' '' en-wikipedia-org-832 207 31 French French NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 207 32 Colonization Colonization NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 207 33 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-832 207 34 Trial Trial NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 207 35 ' ' '' en-wikipedia-org-832 207 36 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 207 37 Trinh Trinh NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 207 38 T. T. NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 207 39 Minh Minh NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 207 40 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-832 207 41 ha ha NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 207 42 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-832 207 43 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-832 207 44 developing develop VBG en-wikipedia-org-832 207 45 her -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-832 207 46 innovative innovative JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 207 47 theories theory NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 207 48 about about IN en-wikipedia-org-832 207 49 postcolonialism postcolonialism NN en-wikipedia-org-832 207 50 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-832 207 51 various various JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 207 52 means mean NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 207 53 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 207 54 expression expression NN en-wikipedia-org-832 207 55 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 207 56 literature literature NN en-wikipedia-org-832 207 57 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 207 58 films film NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 207 59 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 207 60 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 207 61 teaching teaching NN en-wikipedia-org-832 207 62 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 208 1 She -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-832 208 2 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-832 208 3 best well RBS en-wikipedia-org-832 208 4 known known JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 208 5 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-832 208 6 her -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-832 208 7 documentary documentary JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 208 8 film film NN en-wikipedia-org-832 208 9 Reassemblage Reassemblage NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 208 10 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 208 11 1982 1982 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 208 12 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 208 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 208 14 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-832 208 15 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-832 208 16 she -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-832 208 17 attempts attempt VBZ en-wikipedia-org-832 208 18 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-832 208 19 deconstruct deconstruct VB en-wikipedia-org-832 208 20 anthropology anthropology NN en-wikipedia-org-832 208 21 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-832 208 22 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-832 208 23 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-832 208 24 western western JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 208 25 male male NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 208 26 hegemonic hegemonic NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 208 27 ideology ideology NN en-wikipedia-org-832 208 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 208 29 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-832 209 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-832 209 2 1989 1989 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 209 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 209 4 she -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-832 209 5 wrote write VBD en-wikipedia-org-832 209 6 Woman Woman NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 209 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 209 8 Native Native NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 209 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 209 10 Other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 209 11 : : : en-wikipedia-org-832 209 12 Writing Writing NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 209 13 Postcoloniality Postcoloniality NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 209 14 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 209 15 Feminism Feminism NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 209 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 209 17 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-832 209 18 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-832 209 19 she -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-832 209 20 focuses focus VBZ en-wikipedia-org-832 209 21 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-832 209 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 209 23 acknowledgement acknowledgement NN en-wikipedia-org-832 209 24 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 209 25 oral oral JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 209 26 tradition tradition NN en-wikipedia-org-832 209 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 210 1 Eastern Eastern NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 210 2 Europe[edit europe[edit VB en-wikipedia-org-832 210 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 210 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 210 5 partitions partition NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 210 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 210 7 Poland Poland NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 210 8 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 210 9 1772–1918 1772–1918 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 210 10 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 210 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 210 12 occupation occupation NN en-wikipedia-org-832 210 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 210 14 Eastern eastern JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 210 15 European european JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 210 16 countries country NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 210 17 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-832 210 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 210 19 Soviet Soviet NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 210 20 Union Union NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 210 21 after after IN en-wikipedia-org-832 210 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 210 23 Second Second NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 210 24 World World NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 210 25 War War NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 210 26 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-832 210 27 forms form NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 210 28 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 210 29 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-832 210 30 white white JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 210 31 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-832 210 32 colonialism colonialism NN en-wikipedia-org-832 210 33 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 210 34 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-832 210 35 long long RB en-wikipedia-org-832 210 36 overlooked overlook VBN en-wikipedia-org-832 210 37 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-832 210 38 postcolonial postcolonial JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 210 39 theorists theorist NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 210 40 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 211 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 211 2 domination domination NN en-wikipedia-org-832 211 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 211 4 European european JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 211 5 empires empire NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 211 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 211 7 Prussian prussian JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 211 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 211 9 Austrian austrian JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 211 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 211 11 Russian Russian NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 211 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 211 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 211 14 later later RB en-wikipedia-org-832 211 15 Soviet Soviet NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 211 16 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 211 17 over over IN en-wikipedia-org-832 211 18 neighboring neighboring NN en-wikipedia-org-832 211 19 territories territory NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 211 20 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 211 21 Belarus Belarus NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 211 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 211 23 Bulgaria Bulgaria NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 211 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 211 25 Czechoslovakia Czechoslovakia NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 211 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 211 27 Hungary Hungary NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 211 28 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 211 29 Lithuania Lithuania NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 211 30 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 211 31 Moldova Moldova NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 211 32 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 211 33 Poland Poland NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 211 34 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 211 35 Romania Romania NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 211 36 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 211 37 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 211 38 Ukraine Ukraine NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 211 39 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 211 40 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 211 41 consisting consist VBG en-wikipedia-org-832 211 42 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-832 211 43 military military JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 211 44 invasion invasion NN en-wikipedia-org-832 211 45 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 211 46 exploitation exploitation NN en-wikipedia-org-832 211 47 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 211 48 human human JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 211 49 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 211 50 natural natural JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 211 51 resources resource NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 211 52 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 211 53 devastation devastation NN en-wikipedia-org-832 211 54 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 211 55 culture culture NN en-wikipedia-org-832 211 56 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 211 57 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 211 58 efforts effort NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 211 59 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-832 211 60 re re VB en-wikipedia-org-832 211 61 - - VB en-wikipedia-org-832 211 62 educate educate VB en-wikipedia-org-832 211 63 local local JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 211 64 people people NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 211 65 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-832 211 66 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 211 67 empires empire NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 211 68 ' ' POS en-wikipedia-org-832 211 69 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-832 211 70 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 211 71 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-832 211 72 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 211 73 ways way NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 211 74 resembled resemble VBD en-wikipedia-org-832 211 75 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 211 76 violent violent JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 211 77 conquest conquest NN en-wikipedia-org-832 211 78 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 211 79 overseas overseas JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 211 80 territories territory NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 211 81 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-832 211 82 Western western JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 211 83 European european JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 211 84 powers power NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 211 85 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 211 86 despite despite IN en-wikipedia-org-832 211 87 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 211 88 factors factor NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 211 89 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-832 211 90 geographical geographical JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 211 91 proximity proximity NN en-wikipedia-org-832 211 92 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 211 93 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 211 94 missing miss VBG en-wikipedia-org-832 211 95 racial racial JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 211 96 difference difference NN en-wikipedia-org-832 211 97 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 212 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 212 2 51 51 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 212 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 212 4 Postcolonial postcolonial JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 212 5 studies study NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 212 6 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-832 212 7 East East NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 212 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-832 212 9 Central Central NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 212 10 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 212 11 Eastern Eastern NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 212 12 Europe Europe NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 212 13 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-832 212 14 inaugurated inaugurate VBN en-wikipedia-org-832 212 15 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-832 212 16 Ewa Ewa NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 212 17 M. M. NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 212 18 Thompson Thompson NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 212 19 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-832 212 20 seminal seminal JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 212 21 book book NN en-wikipedia-org-832 212 22 Imperial Imperial NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 212 23 Knowledge Knowledge NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 212 24 : : : en-wikipedia-org-832 212 25 Russian Russian NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 212 26 Literature Literature NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 212 27 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 212 28 Colonialism Colonialism NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 212 29 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 212 30 2000),[52 2000),[52 NN en-wikipedia-org-832 212 31 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 212 32 followed follow VBN en-wikipedia-org-832 212 33 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-832 212 34 works work NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 212 35 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 212 36 Aleksander Aleksander NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 212 37 Fiut Fiut NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 212 38 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 212 39 Hanna Hanna NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 212 40 Gosk Gosk NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 212 41 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 212 42 Violeta Violeta NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 212 43 Kelertas,[53 Kelertas,[53 . en-wikipedia-org-832 212 44 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 212 45 Dorota Dorota NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 212 46 Kołodziejczyk,[54 Kołodziejczyk,[54 NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 212 47 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 212 48 Janusz Janusz NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 212 49 Korek,[55 Korek,[55 . en-wikipedia-org-832 212 50 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 212 51 Dariusz Dariusz NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 212 52 Skórczewski,[56 skórczewski,[56 NN en-wikipedia-org-832 212 53 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 212 54 Bogdan Bogdan NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 212 55 Ştefănescu,[57 Ştefănescu,[57 NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 212 56 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 212 57 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 212 58 Tomasz Tomasz NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 212 59 Zarycki Zarycki NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 212 60 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 213 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 213 2 58 58 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 213 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 213 4 Structural structural JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 213 5 adjustment adjustment NN en-wikipedia-org-832 213 6 programmes programme NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 213 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 213 8 SAPs)[edit saps)[edit JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 213 9 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 213 10 Structural structural JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 213 11 adjustment adjustment NN en-wikipedia-org-832 213 12 programmes programme NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 213 13 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 213 14 SAPs SAPs NNPS en-wikipedia-org-832 213 15 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 213 16 implemented implement VBN en-wikipedia-org-832 213 17 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-832 213 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 213 19 World World NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 213 20 Bank Bank NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 213 21 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 213 22 IMF IMF NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 213 23 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-832 213 24 viewed view VBN en-wikipedia-org-832 213 25 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-832 213 26 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-832 213 27 postcolonialists postcolonialist NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 213 28 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-832 213 29 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 213 30 modern modern JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 213 31 procedure procedure NN en-wikipedia-org-832 213 32 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 213 33 colonization colonization NN en-wikipedia-org-832 213 34 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 214 1 Structural structural JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 214 2 adjustment adjustment NN en-wikipedia-org-832 214 3 programmes programme NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 214 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 214 5 SAPs SAPs NNPS en-wikipedia-org-832 214 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 214 7 calls call VBZ en-wikipedia-org-832 214 8 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-832 214 9 trade trade NN en-wikipedia-org-832 214 10 liberalization liberalization NN en-wikipedia-org-832 214 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 214 12 privatization privatization NN en-wikipedia-org-832 214 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 214 14 banks bank NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 214 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 214 16 health health NN en-wikipedia-org-832 214 17 care care NN en-wikipedia-org-832 214 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 214 19 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 214 20 educational educational JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 214 21 institutions institution NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 214 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 215 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 215 2 59 59 LS en-wikipedia-org-832 215 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 215 4 These these DT en-wikipedia-org-832 215 5 implementations implementation NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 215 6 minimized minimize VBD en-wikipedia-org-832 215 7 government government NN en-wikipedia-org-832 215 8 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-832 215 9 role role NN en-wikipedia-org-832 215 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 215 11 paved paved JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 215 12 pathways pathway NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 215 13 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-832 215 14 companies company NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 215 15 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-832 215 16 enter enter VB en-wikipedia-org-832 215 17 Africa Africa NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 215 18 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-832 215 19 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-832 215 20 resources resource NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 215 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 216 1 Limited limited JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 216 2 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-832 216 3 production production NN en-wikipedia-org-832 216 4 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 216 5 exportation exportation NN en-wikipedia-org-832 216 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 216 7 cash cash NN en-wikipedia-org-832 216 8 crops crop NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 216 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 216 10 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 216 11 African african JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 216 12 nations nation NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 216 13 acquired acquire VBD en-wikipedia-org-832 216 14 more more JJR en-wikipedia-org-832 216 15 debt debt NN en-wikipedia-org-832 216 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 216 17 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 216 18 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-832 216 19 left leave VBN en-wikipedia-org-832 216 20 stranded strand VBN en-wikipedia-org-832 216 21 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-832 216 22 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-832 216 23 position position NN en-wikipedia-org-832 216 24 where where WRB en-wikipedia-org-832 216 25 acquiring acquire VBG en-wikipedia-org-832 216 26 more more JJR en-wikipedia-org-832 216 27 loan loan NN en-wikipedia-org-832 216 28 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 216 29 continuing continue VBG en-wikipedia-org-832 216 30 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-832 216 31 pay pay VB en-wikipedia-org-832 216 32 high high JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 216 33 interest interest NN en-wikipedia-org-832 216 34 became become VBD en-wikipedia-org-832 216 35 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-832 216 36 endless endless JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 216 37 cycle cycle NN en-wikipedia-org-832 216 38 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 217 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 217 2 59 59 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 217 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 217 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 217 5 Dictionary Dictionary NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 217 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 217 7 Human Human NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 217 8 Geography Geography NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 217 9 uses use VBZ en-wikipedia-org-832 217 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 217 11 definition definition NN en-wikipedia-org-832 217 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 217 13 colonialism colonialism NN en-wikipedia-org-832 217 14 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-832 217 15 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-832 217 16 enduring endure VBG en-wikipedia-org-832 217 17 relationship relationship NN en-wikipedia-org-832 217 18 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 217 19 domination domination NN en-wikipedia-org-832 217 20 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 217 21 mode mode NN en-wikipedia-org-832 217 22 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 217 23 dispossession dispossession NN en-wikipedia-org-832 217 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 217 25 usually usually RB en-wikipedia-org-832 217 26 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 217 27 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-832 217 28 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-832 217 29 least least JJS en-wikipedia-org-832 217 30 initially initially RB en-wikipedia-org-832 217 31 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 217 32 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-832 217 33 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-832 217 34 indigenous indigenous JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 217 35 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 217 36 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-832 217 37 enslaved enslave VBN en-wikipedia-org-832 217 38 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 217 39 majority majority NN en-wikipedia-org-832 217 40 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 217 41 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-832 217 42 minority minority NN en-wikipedia-org-832 217 43 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 217 44 interlopers interloper NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 217 45 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 217 46 colonizers colonizer NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 217 47 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 217 48 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 217 49 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-832 217 50 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-832 217 51 convinced convinced JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 217 52 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 217 53 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-832 217 54 own own JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 217 55 superiority superiority NN en-wikipedia-org-832 217 56 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 217 57 pursue pursue VB en-wikipedia-org-832 217 58 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-832 217 59 own own JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 217 60 interests interest NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 217 61 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 217 62 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 217 63 exercise exercise VB en-wikipedia-org-832 217 64 power power NN en-wikipedia-org-832 217 65 through through IN en-wikipedia-org-832 217 66 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-832 217 67 mixture mixture NN en-wikipedia-org-832 217 68 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 217 69 coercion coercion NN en-wikipedia-org-832 217 70 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 217 71 persuasion persuasion NN en-wikipedia-org-832 217 72 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 217 73 conflict conflict NN en-wikipedia-org-832 217 74 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 217 75 collaboration collaboration NN en-wikipedia-org-832 217 76 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 218 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-832 218 2 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 218 3 60 60 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 218 4 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 218 5 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-832 218 6 definition definition NN en-wikipedia-org-832 218 7 suggests suggest VBZ en-wikipedia-org-832 218 8 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-832 218 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 218 10 SAPs sap NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 218 11 implemented implement VBN en-wikipedia-org-832 218 12 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-832 218 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 218 14 Washington Washington NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 218 15 Consensus Consensus NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 218 16 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-832 218 17 indeed indeed RB en-wikipedia-org-832 218 18 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-832 218 19 act act NN en-wikipedia-org-832 218 20 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 218 21 colonization colonization NN en-wikipedia-org-832 218 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 219 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 219 2 citation citation NN en-wikipedia-org-832 219 3 needed need VBN en-wikipedia-org-832 219 4 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 219 5 Criticism[edit criticism[edit NN en-wikipedia-org-832 219 6 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 219 7 Undermining undermine VBG en-wikipedia-org-832 219 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 219 9 universal universal JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 219 10 values[edit values[edit LS en-wikipedia-org-832 219 11 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 219 12 Indian indian JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 219 13 Marxist marxist JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 219 14 scholar scholar NN en-wikipedia-org-832 219 15 Vivek Vivek NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 219 16 Chibber Chibber NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 219 17 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-832 219 18 critiqued critique VBN en-wikipedia-org-832 219 19 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-832 219 20 foundational foundational JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 219 21 logics logic NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 219 22 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 219 23 postcolonial postcolonial JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 219 24 theory theory NN en-wikipedia-org-832 219 25 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-832 219 26 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-832 219 27 book book NN en-wikipedia-org-832 219 28 Postcolonial Postcolonial NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 219 29 Theory Theory NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 219 30 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 219 31 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 219 32 Specter Specter NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 219 33 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 219 34 Capital Capital NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 219 35 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 220 1 Drawing draw VBG en-wikipedia-org-832 220 2 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-832 220 3 Aijaz Aijaz NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 220 4 Ahmad Ahmad NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 220 5 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-832 220 6 earlier early JJR en-wikipedia-org-832 220 7 critique critique NN en-wikipedia-org-832 220 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 220 9 Said Said NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 220 10 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-832 220 11 Orientalism[61 orientalism[61 ADD en-wikipedia-org-832 220 12 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 220 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 220 14 Sumit Sumit NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 220 15 Sarkar Sarkar NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 220 16 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-832 220 17 critique critique NN en-wikipedia-org-832 220 18 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 220 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 220 20 Subaltern Subaltern NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 220 21 Studies Studies NNPS en-wikipedia-org-832 220 22 scholars,[62 scholars,[62 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 220 23 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 220 24 Chibber Chibber NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 220 25 focuses focus VBZ en-wikipedia-org-832 220 26 on on RP en-wikipedia-org-832 220 27 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 220 28 refutes refute VBZ en-wikipedia-org-832 220 29 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 220 30 principal principal JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 220 31 historical historical JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 220 32 claims claim NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 220 33 made make VBN en-wikipedia-org-832 220 34 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-832 220 35 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 220 36 Subaltern Subaltern NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 220 37 Studies Studies NNPS en-wikipedia-org-832 220 38 scholars scholar NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 220 39 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-832 220 40 claims claim NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 220 41 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-832 220 42 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-832 220 43 representative representative JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 220 44 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 220 45 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 220 46 whole whole NN en-wikipedia-org-832 220 47 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 220 48 postcolonial postcolonial JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 220 49 theory theory NN en-wikipedia-org-832 220 50 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 221 1 Postcolonial postcolonial JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 221 2 theory theory NN en-wikipedia-org-832 221 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 221 4 he -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-832 221 5 argues argue VBZ en-wikipedia-org-832 221 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 221 7 essentializes essentialize VBZ en-wikipedia-org-832 221 8 cultures culture NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 221 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 221 10 painting paint VBG en-wikipedia-org-832 221 11 them -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-832 221 12 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-832 221 13 fixed fixed JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 221 14 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 221 15 static static JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 221 16 categories category NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 221 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 222 1 Moreover moreover RB en-wikipedia-org-832 222 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 222 3 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-832 222 4 presents present VBZ en-wikipedia-org-832 222 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 222 6 difference difference NN en-wikipedia-org-832 222 7 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-832 222 8 East East NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 222 9 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 222 10 West West NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 222 11 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-832 222 12 unbridgeable unbridgeable JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 222 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 222 14 hence hence RB en-wikipedia-org-832 222 15 denying deny VBG en-wikipedia-org-832 222 16 people people NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 222 17 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-832 222 18 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-832 222 19 universal universal JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 222 20 aspirations aspiration NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 222 21 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-832 222 22 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 222 23 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-832 222 24 universal universal JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 222 25 interests interest NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 222 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 222 27 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-832 223 1 He -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-832 223 2 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-832 223 3 criticized criticize VBD en-wikipedia-org-832 223 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 223 5 postcolonial postcolonial JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 223 6 tendency tendency NN en-wikipedia-org-832 223 7 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-832 223 8 characterize characterize VB en-wikipedia-org-832 223 9 all all DT en-wikipedia-org-832 223 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 223 11 Enlightenment Enlightenment NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 223 12 values value NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 223 13 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-832 223 14 Eurocentric Eurocentric NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 223 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 224 1 According accord VBG en-wikipedia-org-832 224 2 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-832 224 3 him -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-832 224 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 224 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 224 6 theory theory NN en-wikipedia-org-832 224 7 will will MD en-wikipedia-org-832 224 8 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-832 224 9 remembered remember VBN en-wikipedia-org-832 224 10 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-832 224 11 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-832 224 12 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-832 224 13 revival revival NN en-wikipedia-org-832 224 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 224 15 cultural cultural JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 224 16 essentialism essentialism NN en-wikipedia-org-832 224 17 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 224 18 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-832 224 19 acting acting NN en-wikipedia-org-832 224 20 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-832 224 21 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-832 224 22 endorsement endorsement NN en-wikipedia-org-832 224 23 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 224 24 orientalism orientalism NN en-wikipedia-org-832 224 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 224 26 rather rather RB en-wikipedia-org-832 224 27 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-832 224 28 being be VBG en-wikipedia-org-832 224 29 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-832 224 30 antidote antidote NN en-wikipedia-org-832 224 31 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-832 224 32 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-832 224 33 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 225 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-832 225 2 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 225 3 63 63 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 225 4 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 225 5 Fixation fixation NN en-wikipedia-org-832 225 6 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-832 225 7 national national JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 225 8 identity[edit identity[edit , en-wikipedia-org-832 225 9 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 225 10 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 225 11 concentration concentration NN en-wikipedia-org-832 225 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 225 13 postcolonial postcolonial JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 225 14 studies study NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 225 15 upon upon IN en-wikipedia-org-832 225 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 225 17 subject subject NN en-wikipedia-org-832 225 18 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 225 19 national national JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 225 20 identity identity NN en-wikipedia-org-832 225 21 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-832 225 22 determined determine VBN en-wikipedia-org-832 225 23 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-832 225 24 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-832 225 25 essential essential JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 225 26 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-832 225 27 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 225 28 creation creation NN en-wikipedia-org-832 225 29 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 225 30 establishment establishment NN en-wikipedia-org-832 225 31 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 225 32 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-832 225 33 stable stable JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 225 34 nation nation NN en-wikipedia-org-832 225 35 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 225 36 country country NN en-wikipedia-org-832 225 37 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-832 225 38 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 225 39 aftermath aftermath NN en-wikipedia-org-832 225 40 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 225 41 decolonization decolonization NN en-wikipedia-org-832 225 42 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-832 225 43 yet yet CC en-wikipedia-org-832 225 44 indicates indicate VBZ en-wikipedia-org-832 225 45 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-832 225 46 either either CC en-wikipedia-org-832 225 47 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-832 225 48 indeterminate indeterminate JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 225 49 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-832 225 50 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-832 225 51 ambiguous ambiguous JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 225 52 national national JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 225 53 identity identity NN en-wikipedia-org-832 225 54 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-832 225 55 tended tend VBN en-wikipedia-org-832 225 56 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-832 225 57 limit limit VB en-wikipedia-org-832 225 58 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 225 59 social social JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 225 60 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 225 61 cultural cultural JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 225 62 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 225 63 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 225 64 economic economic JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 225 65 progress progress NN en-wikipedia-org-832 225 66 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 225 67 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-832 225 68 decolonized decolonized JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 225 69 people people NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 225 70 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 226 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-832 226 2 Overstating overstate VBG en-wikipedia-org-832 226 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 226 4 Arab arab JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 226 5 State State NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 226 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 226 7 2001 2001 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 226 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 226 9 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-832 226 10 Nazih Nazih NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 226 11 Ayubi Ayubi NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 226 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 226 13 Moroccan moroccan JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 226 14 scholar scholar NN en-wikipedia-org-832 226 15 Bin Bin NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 226 16 ' ' '' en-wikipedia-org-832 226 17 Abd Abd NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 226 18 al-'Ali al-'Ali NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 226 19 proposed propose VBD en-wikipedia-org-832 226 20 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-832 226 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 226 22 existence existence NN en-wikipedia-org-832 226 23 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 226 24 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-832 226 25 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-832 226 26 pathological pathological JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 226 27 obsession obsession NN en-wikipedia-org-832 226 28 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-832 226 29 ... ... : en-wikipedia-org-832 226 30 identity identity NN en-wikipedia-org-832 226 31 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-832 226 32 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-832 226 33 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-832 226 34 cultural cultural JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 226 35 theme theme NN en-wikipedia-org-832 226 36 common common JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 226 37 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-832 226 38 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 226 39 contemporary contemporary JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 226 40 academic academic JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 226 41 field field NN en-wikipedia-org-832 226 42 Middle Middle NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 226 43 Eastern Eastern NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 226 44 Studies Studies NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 226 45 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 227 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 227 2 64]:148 64]:148 NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 227 3 Nevertheless nevertheless RB en-wikipedia-org-832 227 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 227 5 Kumaraswamy Kumaraswamy NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 227 6 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 227 7 Sadiki Sadiki NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 227 8 say say VBP en-wikipedia-org-832 227 9 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-832 227 10 such such PDT en-wikipedia-org-832 227 11 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-832 227 12 common common JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 227 13 sociological sociological JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 227 14 problem problem NN en-wikipedia-org-832 227 15 — — : en-wikipedia-org-832 227 16 that that DT en-wikipedia-org-832 227 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 227 18 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-832 227 19 indeterminate indeterminate JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 227 20 national national JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 227 21 identity identity NN en-wikipedia-org-832 227 22 — — : en-wikipedia-org-832 227 23 among among IN en-wikipedia-org-832 227 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 227 25 countries country NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 227 26 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 227 27 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 227 28 Middle Middle NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 227 29 East East NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 227 30 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-832 227 31 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-832 227 32 important important JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 227 33 aspect aspect NN en-wikipedia-org-832 227 34 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-832 227 35 must must MD en-wikipedia-org-832 227 36 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-832 227 37 accounted account VBN en-wikipedia-org-832 227 38 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-832 227 39 order order NN en-wikipedia-org-832 227 40 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-832 227 41 have have VB en-wikipedia-org-832 227 42 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-832 227 43 understanding understanding NN en-wikipedia-org-832 227 44 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 227 45 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 227 46 politics politic NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 227 47 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 227 48 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 227 49 contemporary contemporary JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 227 50 Middle Middle NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 227 51 East East NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 227 52 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 228 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 228 2 47 47 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 228 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 228 4 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-832 228 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 228 6 event event NN en-wikipedia-org-832 228 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 228 8 Ayubi Ayubi NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 228 9 asks ask VBZ en-wikipedia-org-832 228 10 if if IN en-wikipedia-org-832 228 11 what what WP en-wikipedia-org-832 228 12 ' ' `` en-wikipedia-org-832 228 13 Bin Bin NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 228 14 Abd Abd NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 228 15 al–'Ali al–'Ali NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 228 16 sociologically sociologically RB en-wikipedia-org-832 228 17 described describe VBN en-wikipedia-org-832 228 18 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-832 228 19 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-832 228 20 obsession obsession NN en-wikipedia-org-832 228 21 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-832 228 22 national national JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 228 23 identity identity NN en-wikipedia-org-832 228 24 might may MD en-wikipedia-org-832 228 25 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-832 228 26 explained explain VBN en-wikipedia-org-832 228 27 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-832 228 28 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-832 228 29 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 228 30 absence absence NN en-wikipedia-org-832 228 31 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 228 32 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-832 228 33 championing champion VBG en-wikipedia-org-832 228 34 social social JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 228 35 class class NN en-wikipedia-org-832 228 36 ? ? . en-wikipedia-org-832 229 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-832 229 2 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 229 3 64]:148 64]:148 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 229 4 Postcolonial postcolonial JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 229 5 literature[edit literature[edit NFP en-wikipedia-org-832 229 6 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 229 7 Main main JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 229 8 article article NN en-wikipedia-org-832 229 9 : : : en-wikipedia-org-832 229 10 Postcolonial postcolonial JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 229 11 literature literature NN en-wikipedia-org-832 229 12 Foundation Foundation NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 229 13 works[edit works[edit , en-wikipedia-org-832 229 14 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 229 15 Some some DT en-wikipedia-org-832 229 16 works work NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 229 17 written write VBN en-wikipedia-org-832 229 18 prior prior RB en-wikipedia-org-832 229 19 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-832 229 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 229 21 formal formal JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 229 22 establishment establishment NN en-wikipedia-org-832 229 23 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 229 24 postcolonial postcolonial JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 229 25 studies study NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 229 26 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-832 229 27 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-832 229 28 discipline discipline NN en-wikipedia-org-832 229 29 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-832 229 30 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-832 229 31 considered consider VBN en-wikipedia-org-832 229 32 retroactively retroactively RB en-wikipedia-org-832 229 33 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-832 229 34 works work NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 229 35 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 229 36 postcolonialist postcolonialist JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 229 37 theory theory NN en-wikipedia-org-832 229 38 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 230 1 1924 1924 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 230 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 231 1 Le Le NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 231 2 Procès Procès NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 231 3 de de NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 231 4 la la NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 231 5 colonization colonization NN en-wikipedia-org-832 231 6 française française NN en-wikipedia-org-832 231 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 231 8 ' ' '' en-wikipedia-org-832 231 9 French French NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 231 10 Colonization Colonization NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 231 11 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-832 231 12 Trial Trial NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 231 13 ' ' '' en-wikipedia-org-832 231 14 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 231 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 231 16 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-832 231 17 Nguyen Nguyen NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 231 18 Ai Ai NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 231 19 Quoc Quoc NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 231 20 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 231 21 aka aka RB en-wikipedia-org-832 231 22 Ho Ho NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 231 23 Chi Chi NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 231 24 Minh)[65 minh)[65 NN en-wikipedia-org-832 231 25 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 231 26 1950 1950 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 231 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 232 1 Discourse Discourse NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 232 2 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-832 232 3 Colonialism Colonialism NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 232 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 232 5 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-832 232 6 Aimé Aimé NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 232 7 Césaire Césaire NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 232 8 1952 1952 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 232 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 233 1 Black black JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 233 2 Skin Skin NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 233 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 233 4 White White NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 233 5 Masks Masks NNPS en-wikipedia-org-832 233 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 233 7 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-832 233 8 Frantz Frantz NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 233 9 Fanon Fanon NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 233 10 1961 1961 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 233 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 234 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 234 2 Wretched Wretched NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 234 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 234 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 234 5 Earth Earth NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 234 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 234 7 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-832 234 8 Frantz Frantz NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 234 9 Fanon Fanon NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 234 10 1965 1965 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 234 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 235 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 235 2 Colonizer Colonizer NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 235 3 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 235 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 235 5 Colonized colonize VBN en-wikipedia-org-832 235 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 235 7 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-832 235 8 Albert Albert NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 235 9 Memmi Memmi NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 235 10 1970 1970 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 235 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 236 1 Consciencism consciencism NN en-wikipedia-org-832 236 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 236 3 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-832 236 4 Kwame Kwame NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 236 5 Nkrumah Nkrumah NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 236 6 1978 1978 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 236 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 237 1 Orientalism orientalism NN en-wikipedia-org-832 237 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 237 3 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-832 237 4 Edward Edward NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 237 5 Said say VBD en-wikipedia-org-832 237 6 1988 1988 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 237 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 238 1 Can Can MD en-wikipedia-org-832 238 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 238 3 Subaltern Subaltern NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 238 4 Speak Speak NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 238 5 ? ? . en-wikipedia-org-832 238 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 238 7 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-832 238 8 Gayatri Gayatri NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 238 9 Chakravorty Chakravorty NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 238 10 Spivak Spivak NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 238 11 Contemporary Contemporary NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 238 12 authors author NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 238 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 238 14 postcolonial postcolonial JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 238 15 fiction[edit fiction[edit LS en-wikipedia-org-832 238 16 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 238 17 John John NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 238 18 Nkemngong Nkemngong NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 238 19 Nkengasong Nkengasong NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 238 20 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 238 21 1959 1959 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 238 22 – – : en-wikipedia-org-832 238 23 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 238 24 Chinua Chinua NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 238 25 Achebe Achebe NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 238 26 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 238 27 1930–2013 1930–2013 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 238 28 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 238 29 Chimamanda Chimamanda NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 238 30 Ngozi Ngozi NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 238 31 Adichie[66 Adichie[66 NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 238 32 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 238 33 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 238 34 1977 1977 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 238 35 – – : en-wikipedia-org-832 238 36 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 238 37 Ama ama VB en-wikipedia-org-832 238 38 Ata Ata NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 238 39 Aidoo Aidoo NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 238 40 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 238 41 1942 1942 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 238 42 – – : en-wikipedia-org-832 238 43 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 238 44 Mariama Mariama NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 238 45 Ba Ba NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 238 46 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 238 47 1929–1981 1929–1981 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 238 48 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 238 49 Giannina Giannina NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 238 50 Braschi(1953 Braschi(1953 NNPS en-wikipedia-org-832 238 51 – – : en-wikipedia-org-832 238 52 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 238 53 Edwidge Edwidge NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 238 54 Danticat(1969 Danticat(1969 NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 238 55 – – : en-wikipedia-org-832 238 56 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 238 57 Buchi Buchi NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 238 58 Emecheta Emecheta NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 238 59 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 238 60 1944–2018 1944–2018 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 238 61 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 238 62 Amitav Amitav NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 238 63 Ghosh Ghosh NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 238 64 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 238 65 1956 1956 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 238 66 – – : en-wikipedia-org-832 238 67 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 238 68 Mohsin Mohsin NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 238 69 Hamid Hamid NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 238 70 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 238 71 1971 1971 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 238 72 – – : en-wikipedia-org-832 238 73 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 238 74 Jamaica Jamaica NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 238 75 Kincaid Kincaid NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 238 76 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 238 77 1949 1949 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 238 78 – – : en-wikipedia-org-832 238 79 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 238 80 Jhumpa Jhumpa NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 238 81 Lahiri Lahiri NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 238 82 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 238 83 1967 1967 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 238 84 – – : en-wikipedia-org-832 238 85 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 238 86 Ben Ben NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 238 87 Okri Okri NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 238 88 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 238 89 1959 1959 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 238 90 – – : en-wikipedia-org-832 238 91 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 238 92 Michael Michael NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 238 93 Ondaatje Ondaatje NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 238 94 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 238 95 1943 1943 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 238 96 – – : en-wikipedia-org-832 238 97 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 238 98 Arundhati Arundhati NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 238 99 Roy Roy NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 238 100 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 238 101 1961 1961 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 238 102 – – : en-wikipedia-org-832 238 103 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 238 104 Jean Jean NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 238 105 Rhys Rhys NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 238 106 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 238 107 1890–1979 1890–1979 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 238 108 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 238 109 Salman Salman NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 238 110 Rushdie Rushdie NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 238 111 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 238 112 1947 1947 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 238 113 – – : en-wikipedia-org-832 238 114 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 238 115 Sam Sam NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 238 116 Selvon Selvon NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 238 117 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 238 118 1923–1994 1923–1994 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 238 119 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 238 120 Ousmane Ousmane NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 238 121 Sembene Sembene NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 238 122 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 238 123 1923–2007 1923–2007 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 238 124 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 238 125 Bapsi Bapsi NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 238 126 Sidhwa Sidhwa NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 238 127 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 238 128 1938 1938 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 238 129 – – : en-wikipedia-org-832 238 130 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 238 131 Zadie Zadie NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 238 132 Smith Smith NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 238 133 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 238 134 1975 1975 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 238 135 – – : en-wikipedia-org-832 238 136 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 238 137 Wole Wole NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 238 138 Soyinka Soyinka NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 238 139 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 238 140 1934 1934 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 238 141 – – : en-wikipedia-org-832 238 142 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 238 143 Ngugi ngugi VB en-wikipedia-org-832 238 144 wa wa FW en-wikipedia-org-832 238 145 Thiong'o Thiong'o NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 238 146 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 238 147 1938 1938 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 238 148 – – : en-wikipedia-org-832 238 149 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 238 150 Derek Derek NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 238 151 Walcott Walcott NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 238 152 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 238 153 1930–2017 1930–2017 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 238 154 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 238 155 Postcolonial postcolonial JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 238 156 non non JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 238 157 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 238 158 fiction[edit fiction[edit JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 238 159 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 238 160 Pre-2000[edit pre-2000[edit NN en-wikipedia-org-832 238 161 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 238 162 Alatas Alatas NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 238 163 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 238 164 Syed Syed NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 238 165 Hussein Hussein NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 238 166 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 239 1 1977 1977 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 239 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 240 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 240 2 Myth Myth NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 240 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 240 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 240 5 Lazy Lazy NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 240 6 Native Native NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 240 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 241 1 Anderson Anderson NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 241 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 241 3 Benedict Benedict NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 241 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 242 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 242 2 1983 1983 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 242 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 242 4 1991 1991 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 242 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 243 1 Imagined imagine VBN en-wikipedia-org-832 243 2 Communities Communities NNPS en-wikipedia-org-832 243 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-832 243 4 Reflections reflection NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 243 5 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-832 243 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 243 7 Origin Origin NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 243 8 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 243 9 Spread Spread NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 243 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 243 11 Nationalism Nationalism NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 243 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 244 1 London London NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 244 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-832 244 3 Verso Verso NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 244 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 245 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 245 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-832 245 3 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 245 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-832 245 5 86091 86091 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 245 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-832 245 7 329 329 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 245 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-832 245 9 5 5 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 245 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 246 1 Ashcroft Ashcroft NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 246 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 246 3 B. B. NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 246 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 246 5 G. G. NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 246 6 Griffiths Griffiths NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 246 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 246 8 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 246 9 H. H. NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 246 10 Tiffin Tiffin NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 246 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 247 1 1990 1990 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 247 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 248 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 248 2 Empire empire NN en-wikipedia-org-832 248 3 Writes write VBZ en-wikipedia-org-832 248 4 Back back RB en-wikipedia-org-832 248 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-832 248 6 Theory theory NN en-wikipedia-org-832 248 7 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 248 8 Practice Practice NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 248 9 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-832 248 10 Post Post NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 248 11 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 248 12 Colonial Colonial NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 248 13 Literature Literature NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 248 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 249 1 — — : en-wikipedia-org-832 249 2 — — : en-wikipedia-org-832 249 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 249 4 eds eds NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 249 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 250 1 1995 1995 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 250 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 251 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 251 2 Post Post NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 251 3 - - NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 251 4 Colonial colonial JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 251 5 Studies Studies NNPS en-wikipedia-org-832 251 6 Reader Reader NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 251 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 252 1 London London NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 252 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-832 252 3 Routledge Routledge NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 252 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 253 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 253 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-832 253 3 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 253 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-832 253 5 415 415 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 253 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-832 253 7 09621 09621 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 253 8 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-832 253 9 9 9 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 253 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 254 1 — — : en-wikipedia-org-832 254 2 — — : en-wikipedia-org-832 254 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 254 4 eds eds NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 254 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 255 1 1998 1998 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 255 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 256 1 Key Key NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 256 2 Concepts Concepts NNPS en-wikipedia-org-832 256 3 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-832 256 4 Post Post NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 256 5 - - NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 256 6 Colonial Colonial NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 256 7 Studies Studies NNPS en-wikipedia-org-832 256 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 257 1 London London NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 257 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-832 257 3 Routledge Routledge NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 257 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 258 1 Amin Amin NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 258 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 258 3 Samir Samir NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 258 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 259 1 1988 1988 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 259 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 260 1 L'eurocentrisme L'eurocentrisme NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 260 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 260 3 ' ' `` en-wikipedia-org-832 260 4 Eurocentrism eurocentrism NN en-wikipedia-org-832 260 5 ' ' '' en-wikipedia-org-832 260 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 260 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 261 1 Balagangadhara Balagangadhara NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 261 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 261 3 S. S. NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 261 4 N. N. NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 261 5 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 261 6 1994 1994 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 261 7 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 261 8 2005 2005 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 261 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 262 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-832 262 2 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 262 3 Heathen Heathen NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 262 4 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-832 262 5 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-832 262 6 Blindness blindness NN en-wikipedia-org-832 262 7 ... ... : en-wikipedia-org-832 262 8 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-832 262 9 Asia Asia NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 262 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 262 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 262 12 West West NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 262 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 262 14 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 262 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 262 16 Dynamic Dynamic NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 262 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 262 18 Religion religion NN en-wikipedia-org-832 262 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 263 1 Manohar manohar JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 263 2 books book NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 263 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 264 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 264 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-832 264 3 90 90 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 264 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-832 264 5 04 04 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 264 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-832 264 7 09943 09943 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 264 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-832 264 9 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 264 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 265 1 Bhabha Bhabha NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 265 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 265 3 Homi Homi NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 265 4 K. K. NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 265 5 1994 1994 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 265 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 266 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 266 2 Location Location NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 266 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 266 4 Culture Culture NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 266 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 267 1 Chambers chamber NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 267 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 267 3 I. I. NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 267 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 267 5 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 267 6 L. L. NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 267 7 Curti Curti NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 267 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 267 9 eds eds NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 267 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 268 1 1996 1996 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 268 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 269 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 269 2 Post Post NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 269 3 - - NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 269 4 Colonial Colonial NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 269 5 Question Question NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 269 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 270 1 Routledge Routledge NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 270 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 271 1 Chatterjee Chatterjee NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 271 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 271 3 P. P. NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 271 4 Nation Nation NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 271 5 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 271 6 Its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-832 271 7 Fragments fragment NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 271 8 : : : en-wikipedia-org-832 271 9 Colonial colonial JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 271 10 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 271 11 Postcolonial Postcolonial NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 271 12 Histories Histories NNPS en-wikipedia-org-832 271 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 272 1 Princeton Princeton NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 272 2 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 272 3 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 272 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 273 1 Gandhi Gandhi NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 273 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 273 3 Leela Leela NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 273 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 274 1 1998 1998 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 274 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 275 1 Postcolonial Postcolonial NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 275 2 Theory theory NN en-wikipedia-org-832 275 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-832 275 4 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-832 275 5 Critical critical JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 275 6 Introduction introduction NN en-wikipedia-org-832 275 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 276 1 Columbia Columbia NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 276 2 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 276 3 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 276 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-832 276 5 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 276 6   _SP en-wikipedia-org-832 276 7 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 276 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-832 276 9 231 231 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 276 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-832 276 11 11273 11273 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 276 12 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-832 276 13 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 276 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 277 1 Guevara Guevara NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 277 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 277 3 Che Che NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 277 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 278 1 11 11 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 278 2 December December NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 278 3 1964 1964 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 278 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 279 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-832 279 2 Colonialism colonialism NN en-wikipedia-org-832 279 3 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-832 279 4 Doomed doom VBN en-wikipedia-org-832 279 5 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-832 279 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 279 7 speech speech NN en-wikipedia-org-832 279 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 279 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 280 1 19th 19th NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 280 2 General General NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 280 3 Assembly Assembly NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 280 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 280 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 280 6 United United NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 280 7 Nations Nations NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 280 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 281 1 Havana Havana NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 281 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 282 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 282 2 67 67 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 282 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 282 4 Minh Minh NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 282 5 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-832 282 6 ha ha UH en-wikipedia-org-832 282 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 282 8 Trinh Trinh NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 282 9 T. T. NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 282 10 1989 1989 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 282 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 283 1 Woman woman NN en-wikipedia-org-832 283 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 283 3 Native Native NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 283 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 283 5 Other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 283 6 : : : en-wikipedia-org-832 283 7 Writing Writing NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 283 8 Postcoloniality Postcoloniality NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 283 9 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 283 10 Feminism Feminism NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 283 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 284 1 Indiana Indiana NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 284 2 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 284 3 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 284 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 285 1 German german JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 285 2 edition edition NN en-wikipedia-org-832 285 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-832 285 4 trans trans NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 285 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 286 1 Kathrina Kathrina NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 286 2 Menke Menke NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 286 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 287 1 Vienna Vienna NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 287 2 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-832 287 3 Berlin Berlin NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 287 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-832 287 5 Verlag Verlag NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 287 6 Turia Turia NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 287 7 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-832 287 8 Kant Kant NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 287 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 288 1 2010 2010 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 288 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 289 1 Japanese japanese JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 289 2 edition edition NN en-wikipedia-org-832 289 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-832 289 4 trans trans NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 289 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 290 1 Kazuko Kazuko NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 290 2 Takemura Takemura NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 290 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 291 1 Tokyo Tokyo NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 291 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-832 291 3 Iwanami Iwanami NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 291 4 Shoten Shoten NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 291 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 292 1 1995 1995 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 292 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 293 1 — — : en-wikipedia-org-832 293 2 — — : en-wikipedia-org-832 293 3 1989 1989 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 293 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 294 1 Infinite Infinite NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 294 2 Layers Layers NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 294 3 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-832 294 4 Third Third NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 294 5 World World NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 294 6 ? ? . en-wikipedia-org-832 295 1 Hashmi Hashmi NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 295 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 295 3 Alamgir Alamgir NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 295 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 296 1 1998 1998 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 296 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 297 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 297 2 Commonwealth Commonwealth NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 297 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 297 4 Comparative Comparative NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 297 5 Literature Literature NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 297 6 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 297 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 297 8 World World NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 297 9 : : : en-wikipedia-org-832 297 10 Two two CD en-wikipedia-org-832 297 11 Lectures Lectures NNPS en-wikipedia-org-832 297 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 298 1 Islamabad Islamabad NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 298 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-832 298 3 Gulmohar Gulmohar NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 298 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 299 1 Hountondji hountondji JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 299 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 299 3 Paulin Paulin NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 299 4 J. J. NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 300 1 1983 1983 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 300 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 301 1 African african JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 301 2 Philosophy Philosophy NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 301 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-832 301 4 Myth Myth NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 301 5 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-832 301 6 Reality Reality NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 301 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 302 1 Jayawardena Jayawardena NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 302 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 302 3 Kumari Kumari NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 302 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 303 1 1986 1986 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 303 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 304 1 Feminism Feminism NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 304 2 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 304 3 Nationalism Nationalism NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 304 4 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-832 304 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 304 6 Third Third NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 304 7 World World NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 304 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 305 1 JanMohamed JanMohamed NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 305 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 305 3 A. A. NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 306 1 1988 1988 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 306 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 307 1 Manichean Manichean NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 307 2 Aesthetics Aesthetics NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 307 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-832 307 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 307 5 Politics Politics NNPS en-wikipedia-org-832 307 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 307 7 Literature Literature NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 307 8 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-832 307 9 Colonial Colonial NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 307 10 Africa Africa NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 307 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 308 1 Kiberd Kiberd NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 308 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 308 3 Declan Declan NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 308 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 309 1 1995 1995 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 309 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 310 1 Inventing invent VBG en-wikipedia-org-832 310 2 Ireland Ireland NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 310 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 311 1 Lenin Lenin NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 311 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 311 3 Vladimir Vladimir NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 311 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 312 1 1916 1916 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 312 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 313 1 Imperialism imperialism NN en-wikipedia-org-832 313 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 313 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 313 4 Highest highest JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 313 5 Stage Stage NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 313 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 313 7 Capitalism Capitalism NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 313 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 314 1 Mannoni Mannoni NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 314 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 314 3 Octave Octave NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 314 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 314 5 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 314 6 P. P. NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 314 7 Powesland Powesland NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 314 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 315 1 Prospero Prospero NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 315 2 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 315 3 Caliban Caliban NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 315 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 315 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 315 6 Psychology Psychology NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 315 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 315 8 Colonization Colonization NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 315 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 316 1 Nandy Nandy NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 316 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 316 3 Ashis Ashis NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 316 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 317 1 1983 1983 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 317 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 318 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 318 2 Intimate intimate JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 318 3 Enemy Enemy NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 318 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-832 318 5 Loss Loss NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 318 6 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 318 7 Recovery Recovery NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 318 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 318 9 Self Self NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 318 10 Under under IN en-wikipedia-org-832 318 11 Colonialism Colonialism NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 318 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 319 1 — — : en-wikipedia-org-832 319 2 — — : en-wikipedia-org-832 319 3 1987 1987 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 319 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 320 1 Traditions tradition NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 320 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 320 3 Tyranny tyranny NN en-wikipedia-org-832 320 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 320 5 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 320 6 Utopias Utopias NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 320 7 : : : en-wikipedia-org-832 320 8 Essays essay NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 320 9 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-832 320 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 320 11 Politics Politics NNPS en-wikipedia-org-832 320 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 320 13 Awareness Awareness NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 320 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 321 1 McClintock McClintock NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 321 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 321 3 Anne Anne NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 321 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 322 1 1994 1994 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 322 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 323 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-832 323 2 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 323 3 Angel Angel NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 323 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 323 5 Progress Progress NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 323 6 : : : en-wikipedia-org-832 323 7 Pitfalls pitfall NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 323 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 323 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 323 10 Term Term NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 323 11 ' ' POS en-wikipedia-org-832 323 12 Postcolonialism Postcolonialism NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 323 13 ' ' '' en-wikipedia-org-832 323 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 323 15 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-832 324 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-832 324 2 Colonial Colonial NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 324 3 Discourse Discourse NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 324 4 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-832 324 5 Postcolonial Postcolonial NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 324 6 Theory Theory NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 324 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 324 8 edited edit VBN en-wikipedia-org-832 324 9 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-832 324 10 M. M. NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 324 11 Baker Baker NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 324 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 324 13 P. P. NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 324 14 Hulme Hulme NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 324 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 324 16 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 324 17 M. M. NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 324 18 Iverson Iverson NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 324 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 325 1 Mignolo Mignolo NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 325 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 325 3 Walter Walter NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 325 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 326 1 1999 1999 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 326 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 327 1 Local Local NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 327 2 Histories Histories NNPS en-wikipedia-org-832 327 3 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-832 327 4 Global global JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 327 5 designs design NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 327 6 : : : en-wikipedia-org-832 327 7 Coloniality coloniality NN en-wikipedia-org-832 327 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 328 1 Mohanty Mohanty NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 328 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 328 3 Chandra Chandra NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 328 4 Talpade Talpade NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 328 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 329 1 1986 1986 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 329 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 330 1 Under under IN en-wikipedia-org-832 330 2 Western western JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 330 3 Eyes eye NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 330 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 331 1 Mudimbe Mudimbe NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 331 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 331 3 V. V. NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 331 4 Y. Y. NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 332 1 1988 1988 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 332 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 333 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 333 2 Invention Invention NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 333 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 333 4 Africa Africa NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 333 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 334 1 Narayan Narayan NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 334 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 334 3 Uma Uma NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 334 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 335 1 1997 1997 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 335 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 336 1 Dislocating dislocate VBG en-wikipedia-org-832 336 2 Cultures culture NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 336 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 337 1 — — : en-wikipedia-org-832 337 2 — — : en-wikipedia-org-832 337 3 1997 1997 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 337 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 338 1 Contesting contest VBG en-wikipedia-org-832 338 2 Cultures Cultures NNPS en-wikipedia-org-832 338 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 339 1 Parry Parry NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 339 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 339 3 B. B. NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 340 1 1983 1983 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 340 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 341 1 Delusions delusion NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 341 2 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 341 3 Discoveries discovery NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 341 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 342 1 Raja Raja NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 342 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 342 3 Masood Masood NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 342 4 Ashraf Ashraf NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 342 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 343 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-832 343 2 Postcolonial Postcolonial NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 343 3 Student student NN en-wikipedia-org-832 343 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-832 343 5 Learning learn VBG en-wikipedia-org-832 343 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 343 7 Ethics ethic NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 343 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 343 9 Global Global NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 343 10 Solidarity Solidarity NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 343 11 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-832 343 12 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-832 343 13 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 343 14 Classroom Classroom NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 343 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 343 16 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-832 344 1 Quijano Quijano NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 344 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 344 3 Aníbal Aníbal NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 344 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 345 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 345 2 1991 1991 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 345 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 345 4 1999 1999 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 345 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 346 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-832 346 2 Coloniality coloniality NN en-wikipedia-org-832 346 3 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 346 4 Modernity Modernity NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 346 5 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-832 346 6 Rationality Rationality NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 346 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 346 8 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-832 347 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-832 347 2 Globalizations Globalizations NNPS en-wikipedia-org-832 347 3 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 347 4 Modernities Modernities NNPS en-wikipedia-org-832 347 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 348 1 Retamar Retamar NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 348 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 348 3 Roberto Roberto NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 348 4 Fernández Fernández NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 348 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 349 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 349 2 1971 1971 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 349 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 349 4 1989 1989 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 349 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 350 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-832 350 2 Calibán Calibán NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 350 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-832 350 4 Apuntes Apuntes NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 350 5 sobre sobre VBP en-wikipedia-org-832 350 6 la la NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 350 7 cultura cultura NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 350 8 de de IN en-wikipedia-org-832 350 9 Nuestra Nuestra NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 350 10 América América NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 350 11 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-832 350 12 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 350 13 ' ' '' en-wikipedia-org-832 350 14 Caliban caliban NN en-wikipedia-org-832 350 15 : : : en-wikipedia-org-832 350 16 Notes note NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 350 17 About about IN en-wikipedia-org-832 350 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 350 19 Culture Culture NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 350 20 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 350 21 Our -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-832 350 22 America America NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 350 23 ' ' '' en-wikipedia-org-832 350 24 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 350 25 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 351 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-832 351 2 Calibán Calibán NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 351 3 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 351 4 Other Other NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 351 5 Essays Essays NNPS en-wikipedia-org-832 351 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 352 1 Said say VBD en-wikipedia-org-832 352 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 352 3 Edward Edward NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 352 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 353 1 1993 1993 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 353 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 354 1 Culture culture NN en-wikipedia-org-832 354 2 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 354 3 Imperialism imperialism NN en-wikipedia-org-832 354 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 355 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 355 2 68 68 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 355 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 355 4 Sarangi Sarangi NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 355 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 355 6 Jaydeep Jaydeep NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 355 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 356 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-832 356 2 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 356 3 Orientations orientation NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 356 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-832 356 5 Post Post NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 356 6 Colonial Colonial NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 356 7 Literature Literature NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 356 8 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-832 356 9 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 356 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 356 11 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-832 357 1 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 357 2 Delhi Delhi NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 357 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-832 357 4 Authorspress Authorspress NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 357 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 358 1 Spivak Spivak NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 358 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 358 3 Gayatri Gayatri NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 358 4 Chakravorty Chakravorty NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 358 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 359 1 1988 1988 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 359 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 360 1 Can Can MD en-wikipedia-org-832 360 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 360 3 Subaltern Subaltern NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 360 4 Speak Speak NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 360 5 ? ? . en-wikipedia-org-832 361 1 — — : en-wikipedia-org-832 361 2 — — : en-wikipedia-org-832 361 3 1988 1988 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 361 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 362 1 Selected Selected NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 362 2 Subaltern Subaltern NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 362 3 Studies Studies NNPS en-wikipedia-org-832 362 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 363 1 — — : en-wikipedia-org-832 363 2 — — : en-wikipedia-org-832 363 3 1990 1990 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 363 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 364 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 364 2 Postcolonial Postcolonial NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 364 3 Critic Critic NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 364 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 365 1 — — : en-wikipedia-org-832 365 2 — — : en-wikipedia-org-832 365 3 1999 1999 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 365 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 366 1 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-832 366 2 Critique Critique NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 366 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 366 4 Postcolonial Postcolonial NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 366 5 Reason reason NN en-wikipedia-org-832 366 6 : : : en-wikipedia-org-832 366 7 Towards towards IN en-wikipedia-org-832 366 8 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-832 366 9 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-832 366 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 366 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 366 12 Vanishing vanish VBG en-wikipedia-org-832 366 13 Present present NN en-wikipedia-org-832 366 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 367 1 wa wa NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 367 2 Thiong'o Thiong'o NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 367 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 367 4 Ngũgĩ Ngũgĩ NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 367 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 368 1 1986 1986 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 368 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 369 1 Decolonizing decolonize VBG en-wikipedia-org-832 369 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 369 3 Mind mind NN en-wikipedia-org-832 369 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-832 369 5 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 369 6 Politics Politics NNPS en-wikipedia-org-832 369 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 369 8 Language Language NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 369 9 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-832 369 10 African African NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 369 11 Literature Literature NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 369 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 370 1 Young Young NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 370 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 370 3 Robert Robert NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 370 4 J. J. NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 370 5 C. C. NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 370 6 1990 1990 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 370 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 371 1 White White NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 371 2 Mythologies Mythologies NNPS en-wikipedia-org-832 371 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-832 371 4 Writing write VBG en-wikipedia-org-832 371 5 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-832 371 6 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 371 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 371 8 West West NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 371 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 372 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 372 2 69 69 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 372 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 372 4 — — : en-wikipedia-org-832 372 5 — — : en-wikipedia-org-832 372 6 1995 1995 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 372 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 373 1 Colonial Colonial NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 373 2 Desire Desire NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 373 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-832 373 4 Hybridity Hybridity NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 373 5 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-832 373 6 Theory Theory NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 373 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 373 8 Culture Culture NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 373 9 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 373 10 Race Race NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 373 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 374 1 After after IN en-wikipedia-org-832 374 2 2000[edit 2000[edit NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 374 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 374 4 Ankerl Ankerl NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 374 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 374 6 G. G. NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 374 7 2000 2000 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 374 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 375 1 Coexisting coexist VBG en-wikipedia-org-832 375 2 Contemporary Contemporary NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 375 3 Civilizations Civilizations NNPS en-wikipedia-org-832 375 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 376 1 Geneva Geneva NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 376 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-832 376 3 Indiana Indiana NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 376 4 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 376 5 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 376 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 377 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 377 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-832 377 3 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 377 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-832 377 5 88155 88155 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 377 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-832 377 7 004 004 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 377 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-832 377 9 5 5 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 377 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 378 1 Bachetta Bachetta NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 378 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 378 3 Paola Paola NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 378 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 379 1 2012 2012 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 379 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 380 1 Cahiers cahier NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 380 2 du du VBP en-wikipedia-org-832 380 3 CEDREF CEDREF NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 380 4 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-832 380 5 Decolonial Decolonial NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 380 6 Feminist Feminist NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 380 7 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 380 8 Queer Queer NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 380 9 Theories theory NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 380 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 381 1 Dabashi Dabashi NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 381 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 381 3 Hamid Hamid NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 381 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 382 1 2007 2007 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 382 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 383 1 Iran Iran NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 383 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-832 383 3 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-832 383 4 People People NNPS en-wikipedia-org-832 383 5 Interrupted interrupt VBN en-wikipedia-org-832 383 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 384 1 Dean Dean NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 384 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 384 3 B. B. NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 384 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 384 5 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 384 6 J. J. NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 384 7 Levi Levi NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 384 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 384 9 eds eds NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 384 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 385 1 2003 2003 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 385 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 386 1 At at IN en-wikipedia-org-832 386 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 386 3 Risk risk NN en-wikipedia-org-832 386 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 386 5 Being be VBG en-wikipedia-org-832 386 6 Heard hear VBN en-wikipedia-org-832 386 7 : : : en-wikipedia-org-832 386 8 Indigenous Indigenous NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 386 9 Rights Rights NNPS en-wikipedia-org-832 386 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 386 11 Identity Identity NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 386 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 386 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 386 14 Postcolonial Postcolonial NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 386 15 States States NNPS en-wikipedia-org-832 386 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 387 1 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 387 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 387 3 Michigan Michigan NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 387 4 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 387 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 388 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 388 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-832 388 3 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 388 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-832 388 5 472 472 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 388 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-832 388 7 06736 06736 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 388 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-832 388 9 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 388 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 389 1 Dhawan Dhawan NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 389 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 389 3 N. N. NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 389 4 2005 2005 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 389 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 390 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-832 390 2 Postkolonial Postkolonial NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 390 3 Theorie Theorie NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 390 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 391 1 Eine eine NN en-wikipedia-org-832 391 2 kritische kritische NN en-wikipedia-org-832 391 3 Einführung Einführung NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 391 4 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-832 391 5 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 391 6 ' ' '' en-wikipedia-org-832 391 7 Postcolonial Postcolonial NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 391 8 Theory theory NN en-wikipedia-org-832 391 9 : : : en-wikipedia-org-832 391 10 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-832 391 11 Critical Critical NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 391 12 Enquiry Enquiry NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 391 13 ' ' '' en-wikipedia-org-832 391 14 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 391 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 392 1 Mbembe Mbembe NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 392 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 392 3 Achille Achille NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 392 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 393 1 2000 2000 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 393 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 394 1 On on IN en-wikipedia-org-832 394 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 394 3 Postcolony Postcolony NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 394 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 395 1 Regents regent NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 395 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 395 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 395 4 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 395 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 395 6 California California NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 395 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 396 1 McLeod McLeod NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 396 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 396 3 John John NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 396 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 397 1 2000 2000 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 397 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 398 1 Beginning begin VBG en-wikipedia-org-832 398 2 Postcolonialism Postcolonialism NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 398 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 399 1 2010 2010 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 399 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 400 1 Beginning begin VBG en-wikipedia-org-832 400 2 Postcolonialism Postcolonialism NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 400 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 400 4 2nd 2nd NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 400 5 ed ed NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 400 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 400 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 400 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 401 1 Manchester Manchester NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 401 2 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 401 3 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 401 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 402 1 Mignolo Mignolo NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 402 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 402 3 Walter Walter NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 402 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 403 1 2005 2005 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 403 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 404 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 404 2 Idea Idea NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 404 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 404 4 Latin Latin NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 404 5 América América NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 404 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 405 1 Paperson Paperson NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 405 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 405 3 L. L. NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 405 4 2005 2005 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 405 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 406 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-832 406 2 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 406 3 Postcolonial Postcolonial NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 406 4 Ghetto Ghetto NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 406 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 406 6 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-832 407 1 doi:10.5070 doi:10.5070 NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 407 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-832 407 3 B81110026 b81110026 NN en-wikipedia-org-832 407 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 408 1 Poddar Poddar NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 408 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 408 3 Prem Prem NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 408 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 408 5 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 408 6 David David NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 408 7 Johnson Johnson NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 408 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 408 9 ed ed NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 408 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 409 1 2008 2008 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 409 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 410 1 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-832 410 2 Historical historical JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 410 3 Companion companion NN en-wikipedia-org-832 410 4 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-832 410 5 Postcolonial Postcolonial NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 410 6 Literatures Literatures NNPS en-wikipedia-org-832 410 7 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-832 410 8 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 410 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 411 1 Edinburgh Edinburgh NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 411 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-832 411 3 Edinburgh Edinburgh NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 411 4 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 411 5 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 411 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 412 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 412 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-832 412 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 412 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-832 412 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 412 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-832 412 7 7486 7486 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 412 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-832 412 9 3602 3602 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 412 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-832 412 11 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 412 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 413 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 413 2 2016 2016 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 413 3 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-832 413 4 02 02 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 413 5 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-832 413 6 23 23 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 413 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 414 1 Prine Prine NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 414 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 414 3 Richard Richard NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 414 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 415 1 2014 2014 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 415 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 416 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 416 2 Disappointed Disappointed NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 416 3 Bridge Bridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 416 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-832 416 5 Ireland Ireland NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 416 6 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 416 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 416 8 Post Post NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 416 9 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 416 10 Colonial colonial JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 416 11 World World NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 416 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 417 1 Risam Risam NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 417 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 417 3 Roopika Roopika NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 417 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 418 1 2018 2018 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 418 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 419 1 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 419 2 Digital digital JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 419 3 Worlds world NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 419 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-832 419 5 Postcolonial Postcolonial NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 419 6 Digital Digital NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 419 7 Humanities Humanities NNPS en-wikipedia-org-832 419 8 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-832 419 9 Theory Theory NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 419 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 419 11 Praxis Praxis NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 419 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 419 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 419 14 Pedagogy pedagogy NN en-wikipedia-org-832 419 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 420 1 Salzman Salzman NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 420 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 420 3 Philip Philip NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 420 4 C. C. NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 420 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 420 6 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 420 7 D. D. NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 420 8 Robinson Robinson NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 420 9 Divine Divine NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 420 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 420 11 eds eds XX en-wikipedia-org-832 420 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 421 1 2008 2008 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 421 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 422 1 Postcolonial Postcolonial NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 422 2 Theory Theory NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 422 3 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 422 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 422 5 Arab arab JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 422 6 – – : en-wikipedia-org-832 422 7 Israeli israeli JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 422 8 Conflict conflict NN en-wikipedia-org-832 422 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 423 1 Routledge Routledge NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 423 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 424 1 Young Young NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 424 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 424 3 Robert Robert NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 424 4 J. J. NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 424 5 C. C. NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 424 6 2001 2001 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 424 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 425 1 Postcolonialism postcolonialism NN en-wikipedia-org-832 425 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-832 425 3 An an DT en-wikipedia-org-832 425 4 Historical historical JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 425 5 Introduction introduction NN en-wikipedia-org-832 425 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 426 1 Sarangi Sarangi NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 426 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 426 3 Jaydeep Jaydeep NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 426 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 427 1 2007 2007 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 427 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 428 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-832 428 2 Presentations presentation NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 428 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 428 4 Postcolonialism postcolonialism NN en-wikipedia-org-832 428 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-832 428 6 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 428 7 Orientations Orientations NNPS en-wikipedia-org-832 428 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 428 9 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-832 429 1 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 429 2 Delhi Delhi NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 429 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-832 429 4 Authorspress Authorspress NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 429 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 430 1 Scholarly Scholarly NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 430 2 projects[edit projects[edit NFP en-wikipedia-org-832 430 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 430 4 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-832 430 5 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-832 430 6 effort effort NN en-wikipedia-org-832 430 7 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-832 430 8 understand understand VB en-wikipedia-org-832 430 9 postcolonialism postcolonialism NN en-wikipedia-org-832 430 10 through through IN en-wikipedia-org-832 430 11 scholarship scholarship NN en-wikipedia-org-832 430 12 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 430 13 technology technology NN en-wikipedia-org-832 430 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 430 15 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-832 430 16 addition addition NN en-wikipedia-org-832 430 17 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-832 430 18 important important JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 430 19 literature literature NN en-wikipedia-org-832 430 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 430 21 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 430 22 stakeholders stakeholder NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 430 23 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-832 430 24 published publish VBN en-wikipedia-org-832 430 25 projects project NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 430 26 about about IN en-wikipedia-org-832 430 27 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 430 28 subject subject NN en-wikipedia-org-832 430 29 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 431 1 Here here RB en-wikipedia-org-832 431 2 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-832 431 3 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-832 431 4 incomplete incomplete JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 431 5 list list NN en-wikipedia-org-832 431 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 431 7 projects project NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 431 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 432 1 Bodies body NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 432 2 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 432 3 Structure structure NN en-wikipedia-org-832 432 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 432 5 2019 2019 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 432 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 432 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 432 8 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-832 432 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 432 10 spatial spatial JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 432 11 history history NN en-wikipedia-org-832 432 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 432 13 Japan Japan NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 432 14 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 432 15 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-832 432 16 empire empire NN en-wikipedia-org-832 432 17 Chicana Chicana NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 432 18 Diasporic Diasporic NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 432 19 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 432 20 2018 2018 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 432 21 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 432 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 432 23 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-832 432 24 research research NN en-wikipedia-org-832 432 25 hub hub NN en-wikipedia-org-832 432 26 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-832 432 27 highlights highlight VBZ en-wikipedia-org-832 432 28 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 432 29 Chicana Chicana NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 432 30 Caucus Caucus NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 432 31 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 432 32 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 432 33 National National NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 432 34 Women Women NNPS en-wikipedia-org-832 432 35 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-832 432 36 Caucus Caucus NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 432 37 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-832 432 38 1973–1979 1973–1979 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 432 39 Harlem Harlem NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 432 40 Shadows Shadows NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 432 41 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 432 42 2018 2018 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 432 43 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 432 44 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 432 45 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-832 432 46 open open JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 432 47 source source NN en-wikipedia-org-832 432 48 collection collection NN en-wikipedia-org-832 432 49 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 432 50 Claude Claude NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 432 51 McKay McKay NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 432 52 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-832 432 53 1922 1922 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 432 54 collection collection NN en-wikipedia-org-832 432 55 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 432 56 poems poem NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 432 57 Passamaquoddy Passamaquoddy NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 432 58 People People NNPS en-wikipedia-org-832 432 59 : : : en-wikipedia-org-832 432 60 At at IN en-wikipedia-org-832 432 61 Home home NN en-wikipedia-org-832 432 62 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-832 432 63 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 432 64 Oceans Oceans NNPS en-wikipedia-org-832 432 65 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 432 66 Lakes Lakes NNPS en-wikipedia-org-832 432 67 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 432 68 2014 2014 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 432 69 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 432 70 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 432 71 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-832 432 72 digital digital JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 432 73 archive archive NN en-wikipedia-org-832 432 74 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 432 75 photos photo NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 432 76 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 432 77 recordings recording NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 432 78 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 432 79 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 432 80 Passamaquoddy Passamaquoddy NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 432 81 people people NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 432 82 Postcolonial Postcolonial NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 432 83 Writers writer NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 432 84 Make make VBP en-wikipedia-org-832 432 85 Worlds world NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 432 86 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 432 87 2017 2017 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 432 88 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 432 89 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 432 90 critical critical JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 432 91 reading reading NN en-wikipedia-org-832 432 92 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 432 93 Black black JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 432 94 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 432 95 Asian asian JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 432 96 British british JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 432 97 literature literature NN en-wikipedia-org-832 432 98 Torn Torn NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 432 99 Apart Apart NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 432 100 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-832 432 101 Separados Separados NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 432 102 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 432 103 2018 2018 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 432 104 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 432 105 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 432 106 visualizations visualization NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 432 107 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 432 108 scholarly scholarly NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 432 109 journal journal NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 432 110 tracking track VBG en-wikipedia-org-832 432 111 global global JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 432 112 crisis crisis NN en-wikipedia-org-832 432 113 situations situation NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 432 114 W.E.B. W.E.B. NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 433 1 Du Du NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 433 2 Bois Bois NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 433 3 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-832 433 4 Data Data NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 433 5 Portraits portrait NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 433 6 : : : en-wikipedia-org-832 433 7 Visualizing visualize VBG en-wikipedia-org-832 433 8 Black Black NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 433 9 America America NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 433 10 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 433 11 2019 2019 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 433 12 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 433 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 433 14 charts chart NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 433 15 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-832 433 16 W.E.B. W.E.B. NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 434 1 Du Du NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 434 2 Bois Bois NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 434 3 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-832 434 4 color color NN en-wikipedia-org-832 434 5 about about IN en-wikipedia-org-832 434 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 434 7 lives life NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 434 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 434 9 Black Black NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 434 10 Americans Americans NNPS en-wikipedia-org-832 434 11 See see VBP en-wikipedia-org-832 434 12 also[edit also[edit NFP en-wikipedia-org-832 434 13 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 434 14 Ali Ali NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 434 15 Shariati Shariati NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 434 16 Amina Amina NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 434 17 Wadud Wadud NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 434 18 Audre Audre NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 434 19 Lorde Lorde NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 434 20 Burn Burn NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 434 21 ! ! . en-wikipedia-org-832 435 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 435 2 1969 1969 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 435 3 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 435 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 435 5 directed direct VBN en-wikipedia-org-832 435 6 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-832 435 7 Gillo Gillo NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 435 8 Pontecorvo Pontecorvo NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 435 9 Cultural Cultural NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 435 10 cringe cringe NN en-wikipedia-org-832 435 11 Cross cross NN en-wikipedia-org-832 435 12 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 435 13 culturalism culturalism NN en-wikipedia-org-832 435 14 Decolonization decolonization NN en-wikipedia-org-832 435 15 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 435 16 Dogs dog NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 435 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 435 18 War War NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 435 19 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 435 20 1980 1980 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 435 21 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 435 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 435 23 directed direct VBN en-wikipedia-org-832 435 24 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-832 435 25 John John NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 435 26 Irvin Irvin NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 435 27 Ethnology Ethnology NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 435 28 Fatima Fatima NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 435 29 Mernissi Mernissi NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 435 30 An an DT en-wikipedia-org-832 435 31 Image Image NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 435 32 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 435 33 Africa Africa NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 435 34 : : : en-wikipedia-org-832 435 35 Racism racism NN en-wikipedia-org-832 435 36 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-832 435 37 Conrad Conrad NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 435 38 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-832 435 39 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-832 435 40 Heart Heart NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 435 41 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 435 42 Darkness Darkness NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 435 43 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-832 435 44 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 435 45 1975 1975 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 435 46 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 435 47 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 435 48 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-832 435 49 Chinua Chinua NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 435 50 Achebe Achebe NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 435 51 Inversion Inversion NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 435 52 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-832 435 53 postcolonial postcolonial JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 435 54 theory theory NN en-wikipedia-org-832 435 55 Leila Leila NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 435 56 Ahmed Ahmed NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 435 57 Linguistic Linguistic NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 435 58 imperialism imperialism NN en-wikipedia-org-832 435 59 Lila Lila NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 435 60 Abu Abu NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 435 61 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-832 435 62 Lughod Lughod NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 435 63 Kimberle Kimberle NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 435 64 Crenshaw Crenshaw NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 435 65 Kecia Kecia NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 435 66 Ali Ali NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 435 67 Nation Nation NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 435 68 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-832 435 69 building build VBG en-wikipedia-org-832 435 70 Paulo Paulo NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 435 71 Freire Freire NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 435 72 Postcolonial postcolonial JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 435 73 anarchism anarchism NN en-wikipedia-org-832 435 74 Postcolonial postcolonial JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 435 75 feminism feminism JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 435 76 Postcolonial postcolonial JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 435 77 theology theology NN en-wikipedia-org-832 435 78 Post Post NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 435 79 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 435 80 communism communism JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 435 81 Ranajit Ranajit NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 435 82 Guha Guha NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 435 83 Ranjit Ranjit NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 435 84 Hoskote Hoskote NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 435 85 Robert Robert NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 435 86 J.C. J.C. NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 435 87 Young Young NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 435 88 Saba Saba NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 435 89 Mahmood Mahmood NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 435 90 Street Street NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 435 91 name name NN en-wikipedia-org-832 435 92 controversy controversy NN en-wikipedia-org-832 435 93 Talal Talal NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 435 94 Asad Asad NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 435 95 Teju Teju NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 435 96 Cole Cole NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 435 97 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 435 98 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-832 435 99 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 435 100 White White NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 435 101 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-832 435 102 Savior Savior NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 435 103 Industrial Industrial NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 435 104 Complex Complex NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 435 105 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 435 106 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-832 435 107 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 435 108 Atlantic[70 Atlantic[70 NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 435 109 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 435 110 References[edit references[edit NN en-wikipedia-org-832 435 111 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 435 112 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-832 435 113 Raja Raja NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 435 114 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 435 115 Masood Masood NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 435 116 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 435 117 2019 2019 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 435 118 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-832 435 119 04 04 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 435 120 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-832 435 121 02 02 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 435 122 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 435 123 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 436 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-832 436 2 What what WP en-wikipedia-org-832 436 3 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-832 436 4 Postcolonial Postcolonial NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 436 5 Studies Studies NNPS en-wikipedia-org-832 436 6 ? ? . en-wikipedia-org-832 436 7 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-832 436 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 437 1 Postcolonial Postcolonial NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 437 2 Space Space NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 437 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 438 1 Masood Masood NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 438 2 Raja Raja NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 438 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 439 1 Retrieved retrieve VBN en-wikipedia-org-832 439 2 16 16 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 439 3 July July NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 439 4 2019 2019 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 439 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 440 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-832 440 2 On on IN en-wikipedia-org-832 440 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 440 4 power power NN en-wikipedia-org-832 440 5 dynamics dynamic NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 440 6 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-832 440 7 Western western JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 440 8 cultural cultural JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 440 9 knowledge knowledge NN en-wikipedia-org-832 440 10 production production NN en-wikipedia-org-832 440 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 440 12 Indigenous indigenous JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 440 13 knowledge knowledge NN en-wikipedia-org-832 440 14 systems system NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 440 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 440 16 see see VB en-wikipedia-org-832 440 17 Laurie Laurie NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 440 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 440 19 Timothy Timothy NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 440 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 440 21 Hannah Hannah NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 440 22 Stark Stark NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 440 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 440 24 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 440 25 Briohny Briohny NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 440 26 Walker Walker NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 440 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 441 1 2019 2019 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 441 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 442 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-832 442 2 Critical critical JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 442 3 Approaches approach NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 442 4 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-832 442 5 Continental Continental NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 442 6 Philosophy Philosophy NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 442 7 : : : en-wikipedia-org-832 442 8 Intellectual Intellectual NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 442 9 Community Community NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 442 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 442 11 Disciplinary Disciplinary NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 442 12 Identity Identity NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 442 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 442 14 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 442 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 442 16 Politics Politics NNPS en-wikipedia-org-832 442 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 442 18 Inclusion Inclusion NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 442 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 442 20 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-832 443 1 Parrhesia Parrhesia NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 443 2 30:1–17 30:1–17 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 443 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 444 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 444 2 Ashcroft Ashcroft NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 444 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 444 4 Bill Bill NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 444 5 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-832 444 6 Griffiths Griffiths NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 444 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 444 8 Gareth Gareth NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 444 9 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-832 444 10 Tiffin Tiffin NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 444 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 444 12 Helen Helen NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 444 13 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 444 14 2000 2000 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 444 15 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 444 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 445 1 Post post JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 445 2 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 445 3 Colonial colonial JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 445 4 Studies Studies NNPS en-wikipedia-org-832 445 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-832 445 6 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 445 7 Key Key NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 445 8 Concepts Concepts NNPS en-wikipedia-org-832 445 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 446 1 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 446 2 York York NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 446 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-832 446 4 Routeledge Routeledge NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 446 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 447 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 447 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 448 1 168–173 168–173 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 448 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 449 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 449 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-832 449 3 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 449 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-832 449 5 203 203 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 449 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-832 449 7 93347 93347 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 449 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-832 449 9 8 8 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 449 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 450 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 450 2 Saïd Saïd NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 450 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 450 4 Edward Edward NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 450 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 451 1 2000 2000 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 451 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 452 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-832 452 2 Nationalism Nationalism NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 452 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 452 4 Human Human NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 452 5 Rights Rights NNPS en-wikipedia-org-832 452 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 452 7 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 452 8 Interpretation interpretation NN en-wikipedia-org-832 452 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 452 10 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-832 453 1 Reflections reflection NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 453 2 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-832 453 3 Exile Exile NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 453 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 453 5 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 453 6 Other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 453 7 Essays essay NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 453 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 454 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 454 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 455 1 418–19 418–19 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 455 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 456 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 456 2 Evans Evans NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 456 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 456 4 Graham Graham NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 456 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 456 6 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 456 7 Jeffrey Jeffrey NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 456 8 Newnham Newnham NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 456 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 457 1 1998 1998 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 457 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 458 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 458 2 Penguin Penguin NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 458 3 Dictionary Dictionary NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 458 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 458 5 International International NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 458 6 Relations Relations NNPS en-wikipedia-org-832 458 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 459 1 Penguin Penguin NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 459 2 Books Books NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 459 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 460 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-832 460 2 Colonialism Colonialism NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 460 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 460 4 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-832 460 5 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-832 460 6 79 79 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 460 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 461 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-832 461 2 Imperialism imperialism NN en-wikipedia-org-832 461 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 461 4 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-832 461 5 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-832 461 6 244 244 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 461 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 462 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 462 2 Saïd Saïd NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 462 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 462 4 Edward Edward NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 462 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 463 1 2000 2000 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 463 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 464 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-832 464 2 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 464 3 Clash clash NN en-wikipedia-org-832 464 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 464 5 Definitions definition NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 464 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 464 7 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-832 465 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-832 465 2 Reflections Reflections NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 465 3 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-832 465 4 Exile Exile NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 465 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 465 6 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 465 7 Other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 465 8 Essays essay NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 465 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 466 1 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-832 466 2 574 574 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 466 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 467 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 467 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-832 467 3 b b NN en-wikipedia-org-832 467 4 c c NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 467 5 d d NN en-wikipedia-org-832 467 6 Sharp Sharp NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 467 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 467 8 J. J. NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 468 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 468 2 2008 2008 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 468 3 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 468 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 469 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-832 469 2 Chapter chapter NN en-wikipedia-org-832 469 3 6 6 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 469 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 469 5 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-832 469 6 Can Can MD en-wikipedia-org-832 469 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 469 8 Subaltern Subaltern NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 469 9 Speak speak VB en-wikipedia-org-832 469 10 ? ? . en-wikipedia-org-832 469 11 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-832 469 12 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-832 469 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 470 1 Geographies Geographies NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 470 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 470 3 Postcolonialism Postcolonialism NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 470 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 471 1 SAGE SAGE NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 471 2 Publications Publications NNPS en-wikipedia-org-832 471 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 472 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 472 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-832 472 3 b b NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 472 4 Dictionary Dictionary NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 472 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 472 6 Human Human NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 472 7 Geography Geography NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 472 8 2007 2007 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 472 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 472 10 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-832 472 11   _SP en-wikipedia-org-832 472 12 561 561 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 472 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 472 14 sfn sfn NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 472 15 error error NN en-wikipedia-org-832 472 16 : : : en-wikipedia-org-832 472 17 no no DT en-wikipedia-org-832 472 18 target target NN en-wikipedia-org-832 472 19 : : : en-wikipedia-org-832 472 20 CITEREFDictionary_of_Human_Geography2007 citerefdictionary_of_human_geography2007 VB en-wikipedia-org-832 472 21 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 472 22 help help NN en-wikipedia-org-832 472 23 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 472 24 ^ ^ . en-wikipedia-org-832 472 25 Naficy Naficy NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 472 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 472 27 Hamid Hamid NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 472 28 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 472 29 2000 2000 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 472 30 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 472 31 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 473 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 473 2 Pre Pre NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 473 3 - - NN en-wikipedia-org-832 473 4 occupation occupation NN en-wikipedia-org-832 473 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 473 6 Postcolonial Postcolonial NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 473 7 Studies Studies NNPS en-wikipedia-org-832 473 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 474 1 Duke Duke NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 474 2 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 474 3 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 474 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 475 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 475 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-832 475 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 475 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-832 475 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 475 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-832 475 7 8223 8223 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 475 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-832 475 9 2521 2521 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 475 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-832 475 11 5 5 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 475 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 476 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 476 2 Gilbert Gilbert NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 476 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 476 4 Helen Helen NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 476 5 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-832 476 6 Tompkins Tompkins NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 476 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 476 8 Joanne Joanne NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 476 9 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 476 10 1996 1996 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 476 11 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 476 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 477 1 Post post JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 477 2 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 477 3 Colonial colonial JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 477 4 Drama Drama NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 477 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-832 477 6 Theory theory NN en-wikipedia-org-832 477 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 477 8 Practice Practice NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 477 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 477 10 Politics politics NN en-wikipedia-org-832 477 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 478 1 Routledge Routledge NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 478 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 479 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 479 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-832 479 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 479 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-832 479 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 479 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-832 479 7 415 415 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 479 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-832 479 9 09023 09023 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 479 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-832 479 11 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 479 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 480 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 480 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-832 480 3 b b NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 480 4 Sharp Sharp NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 480 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 480 6 J. J. NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 481 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 481 2 2008 2008 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 481 3 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 481 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 482 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-832 482 2 Chapter chapter NN en-wikipedia-org-832 482 3 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 482 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 482 5 On on IN en-wikipedia-org-832 482 6 Orientalism Orientalism NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 482 7 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-832 482 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 483 1 Geographies Geographies NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 483 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 483 3 Postcolonialism Postcolonialism NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 483 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 484 1 SAGE SAGE NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 484 2 Publications Publications NNPS en-wikipedia-org-832 484 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 485 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-832 485 2 Fischer Fischer NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 485 3 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-832 485 4 Tiné Tiné NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 485 5 2011 2011 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 485 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 485 7 § § ADD en-wikipedia-org-832 485 8 Lead lead VB en-wikipedia-org-832 485 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 486 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 486 2 Fanon Fanon NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 486 3 1963 1963 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 486 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 486 5 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-832 486 6   _SP en-wikipedia-org-832 486 7 250 250 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 486 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 487 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 487 2 Fanon Fanon NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 487 3 1961 1961 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 487 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 487 5 sfn sfn NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 487 6 error error NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 487 7 : : : en-wikipedia-org-832 487 8 no no DT en-wikipedia-org-832 487 9 target target NN en-wikipedia-org-832 487 10 : : : en-wikipedia-org-832 487 11 CITEREFFanon1961 citereffanon1961 CC en-wikipedia-org-832 487 12 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 487 13 help help NN en-wikipedia-org-832 487 14 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 487 15 ^ ^ . en-wikipedia-org-832 487 16 Barkawi Barkawi NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 487 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 487 18 Tarak Tarak NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 487 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 488 1 2005 2005 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 488 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 489 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-832 489 2 War war NN en-wikipedia-org-832 489 3 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 489 4 world world NN en-wikipedia-org-832 489 5 politics politic NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 489 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 489 7 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-832 490 1 Pp Pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 490 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 491 1 225–39 225–39 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 491 2 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-832 491 3 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 491 4 Globalization Globalization NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 491 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 491 6 World World NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 491 7 Politics Politics NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 491 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 491 9 edited edit VBN en-wikipedia-org-832 491 10 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-832 491 11 J. J. NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 491 12 Baylis Baylis NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 491 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 491 14 P. P. NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 491 15 Owens Owens NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 491 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 491 17 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 491 18 S. S. NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 491 19 Smith Smith NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 491 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 492 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 492 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 493 1 231–35 231–35 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 493 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 494 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 494 2 Drabinski Drabinski NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 494 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 494 4 John John NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 494 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 494 6 2019 2019 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 494 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 494 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 494 9 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-832 494 10 Frantz Frantz NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 494 11 Fanon Fanon NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 494 12 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-832 494 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 494 14 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-832 494 15 Zalta Zalta NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 494 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 494 17 Edward Edward NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 494 18 N. N. NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 495 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 495 2 ed ed NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 495 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 496 1 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 496 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 496 3 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 496 4 Stanford Stanford NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 496 5 Encyclopedia Encyclopedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 496 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 496 7 Philosophy Philosophy NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 496 8 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 496 9 Spring Spring NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 496 10 2019 2019 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 496 11   _SP en-wikipedia-org-832 496 12 ed ed NN en-wikipedia-org-832 496 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 497 1 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 497 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 497 3 Metaphysics Metaphysics NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 497 4 Research Research NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 497 5 Lab Lab NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 497 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 497 7 Stanford Stanford NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 497 8 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 497 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 497 10 retrieved retrieve VBD en-wikipedia-org-832 497 11 2020 2020 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 497 12 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-832 497 13 08 08 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 497 14 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-832 497 15 30 30 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 497 16 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-832 497 17 E. E. NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 497 18 San San NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 497 19 Juan Juan NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 497 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 497 21 Jr. Jr. NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 497 22 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 497 23 November November NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 497 24 – – : en-wikipedia-org-832 497 25 December December NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 497 26 1998 1998 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 497 27 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 497 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 498 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-832 498 2 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 498 3 Limits limit NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 498 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 498 5 Postcolonial Postcolonial NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 498 6 Criticism Criticism NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 498 7 : : : en-wikipedia-org-832 498 8 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 498 9 Discourse Discourse NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 498 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 498 11 Edward Edward NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 498 12 Said say VBD en-wikipedia-org-832 498 13 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-832 498 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 499 1 Against against IN en-wikipedia-org-832 499 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 499 3 Current Current NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 499 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 500 1 77 77 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 500 2 – – : en-wikipedia-org-832 500 3 via via IN en-wikipedia-org-832 500 4 Marxists Marxists NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 500 5 Internet Internet NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 500 6 Archive Archive NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 500 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 501 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 501 2 Said Said NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 501 3 1978 1978 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 501 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 502 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 502 2 Madhavan Madhavan NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 502 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 502 4 A. a. NN en-wikipedia-org-832 503 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 503 2 1993 1993 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 503 3 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 503 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 504 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-832 504 2 Review review NN en-wikipedia-org-832 504 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-832 504 4 Edward Edward NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 504 5 Said say VBD en-wikipedia-org-832 504 6 : : : en-wikipedia-org-832 504 7 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 504 8 Exile Exile NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 504 9 As as IN en-wikipedia-org-832 504 10 Interpreter Interpreter NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 504 11 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-832 504 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 505 1 Culture culture NN en-wikipedia-org-832 505 2 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 505 3 Imperialism Imperialism NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 505 4 Representations Representations NNPS en-wikipedia-org-832 505 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 505 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 505 7 Intellectual Intellectual NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 505 8 : : : en-wikipedia-org-832 505 9 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 505 10 Reith Reith NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 505 11 Lectures Lectures NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 505 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 506 1 20 20 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 506 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 506 3 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 506 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 506 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-832 506 6 183–86 183–86 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 506 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 507 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 507 2 Said Said NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 507 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 507 4 1978 1978 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 507 5 : : SYM en-wikipedia-org-832 507 6 208 208 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 507 7 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-832 507 8 Said say VBD en-wikipedia-org-832 507 9 1978 1978 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 507 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 507 11 Chapter chapter NN en-wikipedia-org-832 507 12 Three three CD en-wikipedia-org-832 507 13 : : : en-wikipedia-org-832 507 14 Latent latent NN en-wikipedia-org-832 507 15 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 507 16 Manifest Manifest NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 507 17 Orientalism Orientalism NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 507 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 507 19 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 507 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 508 1 201–25 201–25 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 508 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 509 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 509 2 Kabbani Kabbani NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 509 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 509 4 Rana Rana NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 509 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 510 1 1994 1994 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 510 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 511 1 Imperial Imperial NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 511 2 Fictions Fictions NNPS en-wikipedia-org-832 511 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-832 511 4 Europe Europe NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 511 5 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-832 511 6 Myths Myths NNPS en-wikipedia-org-832 511 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 511 8 Orient Orient NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 511 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 512 1 London London NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 512 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-832 512 3 Pandora Pandora NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 512 4 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 512 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 513 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 513 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-832 513 3 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 513 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-832 513 5 04 04 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 513 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-832 513 7 440911 440911 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 513 8 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-832 513 9 7 7 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 513 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 514 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 514 2 McLeod McLeod NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 514 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 514 4 John John NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 514 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 514 6 2010 2010 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 514 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 514 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 515 1 Beginning begin VBG en-wikipedia-org-832 515 2 Postcolonialism Postcolonialism NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 515 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 516 1 Manchester Manchester NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 516 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 516 3 United United NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 516 4 Kingdom Kingdom NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 516 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-832 516 6 Manchester Manchester NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 516 7 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 516 8 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 516 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 517 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 517 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-832 517 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 517 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-832 517 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 517 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-832 517 7 7190 7190 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 517 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-832 517 9 7858 7858 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 517 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-832 517 11 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 517 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 518 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 518 2 de de NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 518 3 Kock Kock NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 518 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 518 5 Leon Leon NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 518 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 519 1 1992 1992 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 519 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 520 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-832 520 2 Interview interview NN en-wikipedia-org-832 520 3 With with IN en-wikipedia-org-832 520 4 Gayatri Gayatri NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 520 5 Chakravorty Chakravorty NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 520 6 Spivak Spivak NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 520 7 : : : en-wikipedia-org-832 520 8 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 520 9 Nation Nation NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 520 10 Writers Writers NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 520 11 Conference Conference NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 520 12 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-832 520 13 South South NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 520 14 Africa Africa NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 520 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 520 16 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-832 521 1 ARIEL ARIEL NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 521 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-832 521 3 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-832 521 4 Review Review NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 521 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 521 6 International International NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 521 7 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 521 8 Literature Literature NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 521 9 23(3):29–47 23(3):29–47 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 521 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 522 1 Archived archived JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 522 2 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-832 522 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 522 4 original original NN en-wikipedia-org-832 522 5 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-832 522 6 2011 2011 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 522 7 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-832 522 8 07 07 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 522 9 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-832 522 10 06 06 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 522 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 523 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 523 2 McKnight McKnight NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 523 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 523 4 Kathryn Kathryn NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 523 5 Joy Joy NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 523 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 523 7 2009 2009 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 523 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 523 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 524 1 Afro Afro NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 524 2 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-832 524 3 Latino latino JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 524 4 Voices voice NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 524 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-832 524 6 Narratives narrative NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 524 7 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-832 524 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 524 9 Early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 524 10 Modern Modern NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 524 11 Ibero Ibero NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 524 12 – – : en-wikipedia-org-832 524 13 Atlantic Atlantic NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 524 14 World World NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 524 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 524 16 1550–1812 1550–1812 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 524 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 525 1 Indianapolis Indianapolis NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 525 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-832 525 3 Hacket Hacket NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 525 4 Publishing Publishing NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 525 5 Company Company NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 525 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 526 1 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-832 526 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-832 526 3 59 59 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 526 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 527 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 527 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-832 527 3 b b NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 527 4 Spivak Spivak NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 527 5 1990 1990 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 527 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 527 7 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 527 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 528 1 62–63 62–63 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 528 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 529 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 529 2 Bhabha Bhabha NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 529 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 529 4 1994 1994 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 529 5 : : SYM en-wikipedia-org-832 529 6 113 113 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 529 7 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-832 529 8 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-832 529 9 Santiniketan Santiniketan NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 529 10 : : : en-wikipedia-org-832 529 11 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 529 12 Making making NN en-wikipedia-org-832 529 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 529 14 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-832 529 15 Contextual Contextual NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 529 16 Modernism Modernism NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 529 17 – – : en-wikipedia-org-832 529 18 Asia Asia NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 529 19 Art Art NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 529 20 Archive Archive NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 529 21 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-832 529 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 530 1 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-832 530 2 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-832 530 3 Finding find VBG en-wikipedia-org-832 530 4 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-832 530 5 expression expression NN en-wikipedia-org-832 530 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 530 7 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-832 530 8 own own JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 530 9 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-832 530 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 531 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 531 2 Hindu Hindu NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 531 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 532 1 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-832 532 2 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-832 532 3 humanities humanitie VBZ en-wikipedia-org-832 532 4 underground underground RB en-wikipedia-org-832 532 5   _SP en-wikipedia-org-832 532 6 » » ADD en-wikipedia-org-832 532 7 All all PDT en-wikipedia-org-832 532 8 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 532 9 Shared shared JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 532 10 Experiences experience NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 532 11 Of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 532 12 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 532 13 Lived Lived NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 532 14 World World NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 532 15 II II NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 532 16 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-832 532 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 533 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 533 2 Gilroy Gilroy NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 533 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 533 4 Paul Paul NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 533 5 Christopher Christopher NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 533 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 533 7 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 533 8 Dipesh Dipesh NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 533 9 Chakrabarty Chakrabarty NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 533 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 534 1 2011 2011 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 534 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 535 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-832 535 2 Overcoming Overcoming NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 535 3 Polarized Polarized NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 535 4 Modernities Modernities NNPS en-wikipedia-org-832 535 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-832 535 6 Counter counter JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 535 7 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-832 535 8 Modern Modern NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 535 9 Art Art NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 535 10 Education education NN en-wikipedia-org-832 535 11 : : : en-wikipedia-org-832 535 12 Santiniketan Santiniketan NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 535 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 535 14 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 535 15 Legacy Legacy NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 535 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 535 17 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-832 535 18 Poet Poet NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 535 19 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-832 535 20 School School NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 535 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 535 22 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-832 536 1 S2CID S2CID NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 536 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-832 536 3 131768551 131768551 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 536 4 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 536 5 Fischer Fischer NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 536 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-832 536 7 Tiné Tiné NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 536 8 2011 2011 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 536 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 536 10 # # $ en-wikipedia-org-832 536 11 9 9 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 536 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 537 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-832 537 2 Fischer Fischer NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 537 3 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-832 537 4 Tiné Tiné NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 537 5 2011 2011 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 537 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 537 7 # # $ en-wikipedia-org-832 537 8 10 10 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 537 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 537 10 11 11 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 537 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 538 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 538 2 Gregory Gregory NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 538 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 538 4 Derek Derek NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 538 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 539 1 2004 2004 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 539 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 540 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 540 2 Colonial colonial JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 540 3 Present Present NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 540 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-832 540 5 Afghanistan Afghanistan NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 540 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 540 7 Palestine Palestine NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 540 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 540 9 Iraq Iraq NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 540 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 541 1 Blackwell Blackwell NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 541 2 Pub Pub NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 541 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 542 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 542 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-832 542 3 b b NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 542 4 c c NN en-wikipedia-org-832 542 5 d d NN en-wikipedia-org-832 542 6 e e NN en-wikipedia-org-832 542 7 Acheraiou Acheraiou NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 542 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 542 9 Amar Amar NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 542 10 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 542 11 2008 2008 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 542 12 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 542 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 543 1 Rethinking rethink VBG en-wikipedia-org-832 543 2 Postcolonialism Postcolonialism NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 543 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 544 1 London London NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 544 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-832 544 3 Palgrave Palgrave NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 544 4 Macmillan Macmillan NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 544 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 545 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 545 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-832 545 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 545 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-832 545 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 545 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-832 545 7 230 230 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 545 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-832 545 9 55205 55205 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 545 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-832 545 11 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 545 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 546 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 546 2 Aristotle Aristotle NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 546 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 546 4 1988 1988 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 546 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 546 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 547 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 547 2 Politics Politics NNPS en-wikipedia-org-832 547 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 548 1 Cambridge Cambridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 548 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-832 548 3 Cambridge Cambridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 548 4 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 548 5 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 548 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 549 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 549 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 550 1 40 40 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 550 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 550 3 165 165 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 550 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 551 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 551 2 Turner Turner NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 551 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 551 4 Frank Frank NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 551 5 M. M. NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 551 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 551 7 1981 1981 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 551 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 551 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 552 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 552 2 Greek Greek NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 552 3 Heritage Heritage NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 552 4 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-832 552 5 Victorian victorian JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 552 6 Britain Britain NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 552 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 553 1 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 553 2 Haven Haven NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 553 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-832 553 4 Yale Yale NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 553 5 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 553 6 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 553 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 554 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 554 2 Tocqueville Tocqueville NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 554 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 554 4 Alexis Alexis NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 554 5 de de NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 554 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 554 7 2003 2003 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 554 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 554 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 555 1 Sur Sur NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 555 2 l'Algérie l'Algérie NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 555 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 556 1 Paris Paris NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 556 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-832 556 3 Flammarion flammarion NN en-wikipedia-org-832 556 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 557 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 557 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 558 1 97–177 97–177 NN en-wikipedia-org-832 558 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 559 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 559 2 Seeley Seeley NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 559 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 559 4 John John NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 559 5 Robert Robert NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 559 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 559 7 1971 1971 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 559 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 559 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 560 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 560 2 Expansion expansion NN en-wikipedia-org-832 560 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 560 4 England England NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 560 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 560 6 1883 1883 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 560 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 560 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 561 1 Chicago Chicago NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 561 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-832 561 3 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 561 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 561 5 Chicago Chicago NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 561 6 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 561 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 562 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 562 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 563 1 170–1 170–1 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 563 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 564 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 564 2 Hart Hart NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 564 3 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-832 564 4 Goldie Goldie NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 564 5 1993 1993 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 564 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 564 7 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-832 564 8   _SP en-wikipedia-org-832 564 9 155 155 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 564 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 565 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 565 2 Evans Evans NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 565 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 565 4 Graham Graham NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 565 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 565 6 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 565 7 Jeffrey Jeffrey NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 565 8 Newnham Newnham NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 565 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 565 10 eds eds NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 565 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 566 1 1998 1998 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 566 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 567 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 567 2 Penguin Penguin NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 567 3 Dictionary Dictionary NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 567 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 567 5 International International NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 567 6 Relations Relations NNPS en-wikipedia-org-832 567 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 568 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 568 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 569 1 83–84 83–84 NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 569 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 569 3 182–83 182–83 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 569 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 570 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 570 2 Rob Rob NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 570 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 570 4 Nieuwenhuys Nieuwenhuys NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 570 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 570 6 1978 1978 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 570 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 570 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 571 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-832 571 2 Oost Oost NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 571 3 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-832 571 4 Indische Indische NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 571 5 spiegel spiegel NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 571 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 572 1 Wat Wat NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 572 2 Nederlandse Nederlandse NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 572 3 schrijvers schrijver NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 572 4 en en IN en-wikipedia-org-832 572 5 dichters dichter NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 572 6 over over IN en-wikipedia-org-832 572 7 Indonesië Indonesië NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 572 8 hebben hebben NN en-wikipedia-org-832 572 9 geschreven geschreven NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 572 10 vanaf vanaf NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 572 11 de de NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 572 12 eerste eerste NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 572 13 jaren jaren NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 572 14 der der IN en-wikipedia-org-832 572 15 Compagnie Compagnie NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 572 16 tot tot NN en-wikipedia-org-832 572 17 op op NN en-wikipedia-org-832 572 18 heden heden VBP en-wikipedia-org-832 572 19 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-832 572 20 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 572 21 Indian indian JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 572 22 mirror mirror NN en-wikipedia-org-832 572 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 573 1 Some some DT en-wikipedia-org-832 573 2 Dutch dutch JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 573 3 writers writer NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 573 4 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 573 5 poets poet NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 573 6 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-832 573 7 written write VBN en-wikipedia-org-832 573 8 about about IN en-wikipedia-org-832 573 9 Indonesia Indonesia NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 573 10 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-832 573 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 573 12 first first JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 573 13 year year NN en-wikipedia-org-832 573 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 573 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 573 16 Company Company NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 573 17 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-832 573 18 date date NN en-wikipedia-org-832 573 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 573 20 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 574 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 574 2 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-832 574 3 Dutch Dutch NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 574 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 574 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 575 1 Amsterdam Amsterdam NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 575 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-832 575 3 Querido Querido NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 575 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 576 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 576 2 2016 2016 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 576 3 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-832 576 4 02 02 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 576 5 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-832 576 6 23 23 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 576 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 577 1 Cite Cite NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 577 2 journal journal NN en-wikipedia-org-832 577 3 requires require VBZ en-wikipedia-org-832 577 4 |journal= |journal= NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 577 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 577 6 help help NN en-wikipedia-org-832 577 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 577 8 ^ ^ . en-wikipedia-org-832 577 9 Gaurav Gaurav NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 577 10 Gajanan Gajanan NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 577 11 Desai Desai NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 577 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 577 13 Supriya Supriya NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 577 14 Nair Nair NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 577 15 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 577 16 2005 2005 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 577 17 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 577 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 578 1 Postcolonialisms postcolonialism NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 578 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-832 578 3 An an DT en-wikipedia-org-832 578 4 Anthology anthology NN en-wikipedia-org-832 578 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 578 6 Cultural Cultural NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 578 7 Theory Theory NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 578 8 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 578 9 Criticism Criticism NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 578 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 579 1 Rutgers Rutgers NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 579 2 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 579 3 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 579 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 580 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 580 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-832 580 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 580 4 - 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NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 592 1 Tauris Tauris NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 592 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 593 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 593 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 594 1 86–123 86–123 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 594 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 595 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 595 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-832 595 3 b b NN en-wikipedia-org-832 595 4 Sadiki Sadiki NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 595 5 2004 2004 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 595 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 596 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 596 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-832 596 3 b b NN en-wikipedia-org-832 596 4 c c NN en-wikipedia-org-832 596 5 Kumaraswamy Kumaraswamy NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 596 6 2006 2006 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 596 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 596 8 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-832 596 9   _SP en-wikipedia-org-832 596 10 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 596 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 597 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-832 597 2 Sadiki Sadiki NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 597 3 2004 2004 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 597 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 597 5 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-832 597 6   _SP en-wikipedia-org-832 597 7 122 122 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 597 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 598 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-832 598 2 Heart heart NN en-wikipedia-org-832 598 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 598 4 Darkness Darkness NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 598 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-832 598 6 Authoritative Authoritative NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 598 7 Text Text NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 598 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 598 9 Backgrounds Backgrounds NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 598 10 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 598 11 Context Context NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 598 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 598 13 Criticism Criticism NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 598 14 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 598 15 Fourth Fourth NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 598 16 Edition Edition NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 598 17 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 598 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 598 19 Paul Paul NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 598 20 B. B. NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 598 21 Armstrong Armstrong NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 598 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 598 23 Editor Editor NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 598 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 599 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 599 2 2006 2006 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 599 3 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 599 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 599 5 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 599 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 600 1 208–12 208–12 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 600 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 601 1 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-832 601 2 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-832 601 3 Extravagant extravagant JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 601 4 Postcolonialism postcolonialism NN en-wikipedia-org-832 601 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-832 601 6 Ethics Ethics NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 601 7 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 601 8 Individualism Individualism NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 601 9 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-832 601 10 Anglophonic Anglophonic NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 601 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 601 12 Anglocentric Anglocentric NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 601 13 Postcolonial Postcolonial NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 601 14 Fiction Fiction NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 601 15 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-832 601 16 Or or CC en-wikipedia-org-832 601 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 601 18 ' ' '' en-wikipedia-org-832 601 19 What what WP en-wikipedia-org-832 601 20 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-832 601 21 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 601 22 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-832 601 23 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 601 24 Postcolonialism postcolonialism NN en-wikipedia-org-832 601 25 ? ? . en-wikipedia-org-832 601 26 ' ' '' en-wikipedia-org-832 601 27 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-832 602 1 ELH ELH NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 602 2 75(4):899–937 75(4):899–937 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 602 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 603 1 Johns Johns NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 603 2 Hopkins Hopkins NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 603 3 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 603 4 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 603 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 604 1 2008 2008 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 604 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 605 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 605 2 Chioni Chioni NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 605 3 Moore Moore NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 605 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 605 5 David David NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 605 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 605 7 2001 2001 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 605 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 605 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 606 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-832 606 2 Is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-832 606 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 606 4 Post- Post- NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 606 5 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-832 606 6 Postcolonial Postcolonial NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 606 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 606 8 Post- Post- NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 606 9 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-832 606 10 Post post JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 606 11 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 606 12 Soviet soviet JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 606 13 ? ? . en-wikipedia-org-832 607 1 Toward toward IN en-wikipedia-org-832 607 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-832 607 3 Global Global NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 607 4 Postcolonial Postcolonial NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 607 5 Critique Critique NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 607 6 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-832 607 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 608 1 PMLA PMLA NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 608 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 609 1 116:1 116:1 LS en-wikipedia-org-832 609 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-832 609 3 111–128 111–128 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 609 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 610 1 doi:10.1632 doi:10.1632 RB en-wikipedia-org-832 610 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-832 610 3 pmla.2001.116.1.111 pmla.2001.116.1.111 JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 610 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 610 5 inactive inactive JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 610 6 2021 2021 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 610 7 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-832 610 8 01 01 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 610 9 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-832 610 10 20).CS1 20).cs1 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 610 11 maint maint NN en-wikipedia-org-832 610 12 : : : en-wikipedia-org-832 610 13 DOI doi NN en-wikipedia-org-832 610 14 inactive inactive JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 610 15 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-832 610 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 610 17 January January NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 610 18 2021 2021 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 610 19 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 610 20 link link NN en-wikipedia-org-832 610 21 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 610 22 ^ ^ . en-wikipedia-org-832 610 23 Thompson Thompson NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 610 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 610 25 Ewa Ewa NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 610 26 M. M. NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 610 27 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 610 28 2000 2000 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 610 29 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 610 30 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 611 1 Imperial Imperial NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 611 2 Knowledge Knowledge NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 611 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 612 1 Russian Russian NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 612 2 Literature Literature NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 612 3 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 612 4 Colonialism Colonialism NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 612 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 613 1 Greenwood Greenwood NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 613 2 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 613 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 614 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 614 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-832 614 3 9780313313110 9780313313110 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 614 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 615 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-832 615 2 Kelertas Kelertas NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 615 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 615 4 Violeta Violeta NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 615 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 615 6 2006 2006 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 615 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 615 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 616 1 Baltic Baltic NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 616 2 Postcolonialism Postcolonialism NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 616 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 617 1 Amsterdam Amsterdam NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 617 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-832 617 3 Brill brill NN en-wikipedia-org-832 617 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 618 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 618 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-832 618 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 618 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-832 618 5 90 90 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 618 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-832 618 7 420 420 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 618 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-832 618 9 1959 1959 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 618 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-832 618 11 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 618 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 619 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 619 2 Kołodziejczyk Kołodziejczyk NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 619 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 619 4 Dorota Dorota NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 619 5 ; ; , en-wikipedia-org-832 619 6 Şandru Şandru NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 619 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 619 8 Cristina Cristina NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 619 9 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 619 10 2012 2012 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 619 11 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 619 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 620 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-832 620 2 On on IN en-wikipedia-org-832 620 3 Colonialism Colonialism NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 620 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 620 5 Communism Communism NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 620 6 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 620 7 East East NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 620 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-832 620 9 Central Central NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 620 10 Europe Europe NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 620 11 - - : en-wikipedia-org-832 620 12 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-832 620 13 reflections reflection NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 620 14 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-832 620 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 621 1 Journal Journal NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 621 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 621 3 Postcolonial Postcolonial NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 621 4 Writing Writing NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 621 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 622 1 48 48 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 622 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-832 622 3 113–116 113–116 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 622 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 623 1 doi:10.1080/17449855.2012.658242 doi:10.1080/17449855.2012.658242 NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 623 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 624 1 S2CID S2CID NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 624 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-832 624 3 161462559 161462559 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 624 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 625 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 625 2 Korek Korek NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 625 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 625 4 Janusz Janusz NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 625 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 625 6 ed ed NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 625 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 625 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 626 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 626 2 2007 2007 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 626 3 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 626 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 627 1 From from IN en-wikipedia-org-832 627 2 Sovietology Sovietology NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 627 3 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-832 627 4 Postcoloniality Postcoloniality NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 627 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-832 627 6 Poland Poland NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 627 7 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 627 8 Ukraine Ukraine NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 627 9 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-832 627 10 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-832 627 11 Postcolonial Postcolonial NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 627 12 Perspective Perspective NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 627 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 628 1 Huddinge Huddinge NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 628 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 628 3 Sweden Sweden NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 628 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-832 628 5 Södertörns Södertörns NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 628 6 högskola högskola NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 628 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 629 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 629 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-832 629 3 9789189315723.CS1 9789189315723.cs1 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 629 4 maint maint NN en-wikipedia-org-832 629 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-832 629 6 extra extra JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 629 7 text text NN en-wikipedia-org-832 629 8 : : : en-wikipedia-org-832 629 9 authors author NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 629 10 list list NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 629 11 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 629 12 link link NN en-wikipedia-org-832 629 13 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 629 14 ^ ^ . en-wikipedia-org-832 629 15 Skórczewski Skórczewski NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 629 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 629 17 Dariusz Dariusz NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 629 18 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 629 19 2020 2020 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 629 20 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 629 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 630 1 Polish Polish NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 630 2 Literature Literature NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 630 3 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 630 4 National National NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 630 5 Identity Identity NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 630 6 : : : en-wikipedia-org-832 630 7 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-832 630 8 Postcolonial Postcolonial NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 630 9 Perspective Perspective NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 630 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 631 1 Rochester Rochester NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 631 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-832 631 3 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 631 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 631 5 Rochester Rochester NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 631 6 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 631 7 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-832 631 8 Boydell Boydell NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 631 9 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-832 631 10 Brewer Brewer NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 631 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 632 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 632 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-832 632 3 9781580469784 9781580469784 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 632 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 633 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 633 2 Ştefănescu Ştefănescu NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 633 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 633 4 Bogdan Bogdan NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 633 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 633 6 2012 2012 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 633 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 633 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 634 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-832 634 2 Reluctant reluctant JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 634 3 Siblings sibling NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 634 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-832 634 5 Notes note NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 634 6 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-832 634 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 634 8 Analogy Analogy NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 634 9 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-832 634 10 Post- Post- NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 634 11 communist communist JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 634 12 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 634 13 Postcolonial Postcolonial NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 634 14 Subalterns Subalterns NNPS en-wikipedia-org-832 634 15 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-832 634 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 635 1 Word Word NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 635 2 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 635 3 Text Text NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 635 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-832 635 5 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-832 635 6 Journal Journal NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 635 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 635 8 Literary Literary NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 635 9 Studies Studies NNPS en-wikipedia-org-832 635 10 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 635 11 Linguistics Linguistics NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 635 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 636 1 2:1 2:1 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 636 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-832 636 3 13–25 13–25 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 636 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 637 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 637 2 Zarycki Zarycki NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 637 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 637 4 Tomasz Tomasz NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 637 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 637 6 2014 2014 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 637 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 637 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 638 1 Ideologies ideology NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 638 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 638 3 Eastness eastness NN en-wikipedia-org-832 638 4 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-832 638 5 Central Central NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 638 6 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 638 7 Eastern Eastern NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 638 8 Europe Europe NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 638 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 639 1 London London NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 639 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-832 639 3 Routledge Routledge NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 639 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 640 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 640 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-832 640 3 9780415625890 9780415625890 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 640 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 641 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 641 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-832 641 3 b b NN en-wikipedia-org-832 641 4 McGregor McGregor NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 641 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 641 6 S S NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 641 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 641 8 2005 2005 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 641 9 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-832 641 10 05 05 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 641 11 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-832 641 12 03 03 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 641 13 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 641 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 642 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-832 642 2 Structural structural JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 642 3 adjustment adjustment NN en-wikipedia-org-832 642 4 programmes programme NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 642 5 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 642 6 human human JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 642 7 well well RB en-wikipedia-org-832 642 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-832 642 9 being being NN en-wikipedia-org-832 642 10 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-832 642 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 643 1 journals2.scholarsportal.info journals2.scholarsportal.info NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 643 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 644 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 644 2 2016 2016 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 644 3 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-832 644 4 02 02 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 644 5 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-832 644 6 10 10 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 644 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 645 1 ^ ^ : en-wikipedia-org-832 645 2 Clayton Clayton NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 645 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 645 4 Dan Dan NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 645 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 646 1 2009 2009 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 646 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 647 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-832 647 2 colonialism colonialism NN en-wikipedia-org-832 647 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 647 4 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-832 648 1 Pp Pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 648 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 649 1 94–98 94–98 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 649 2 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-832 649 3 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 649 4 Dictionary Dictionary NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 649 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 649 6 Human Human NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 649 7 Geography Geography NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 649 8 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 649 9 5th 5th JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 649 10 ed ed NN en-wikipedia-org-832 649 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 650 1 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 650 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 650 3 edited edit VBN en-wikipedia-org-832 650 4 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-832 650 5 D. D. NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 650 6 Gregory Gregory NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 650 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 650 8 R. R. NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 650 9 Johnston Johnston NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 650 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 650 11 G. G. NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 650 12 Pratt Pratt NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 650 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 650 14 M. M. NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 650 15 J.Watts J.Watts NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 650 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 650 17 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 650 18 S. S. NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 650 19 Whatmore Whatmore NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 650 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 651 1 Chichester chichester NN en-wikipedia-org-832 651 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-832 651 3 Wiley Wiley NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 651 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-832 651 5 Blackwell Blackwell NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 651 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 652 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 652 2 Ahmad Ahmad NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 652 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 652 4 Aijaz Aijaz NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 652 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 652 6 1993 1993 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 652 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 652 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 653 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-832 653 2 Theory Theory NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 653 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 654 1 London London NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 654 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-832 654 3 Verso Verso NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 654 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 655 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 655 2 Sarkar Sarkar NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 655 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 655 4 Sumit Sumit NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 655 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 655 6 1997 1997 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 655 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 655 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 656 1 Writing write VBG en-wikipedia-org-832 656 2 Social Social NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 656 3 History History NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 656 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 657 1 Oxford Oxford NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 657 2 India India NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 657 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 658 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 658 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 659 1 82–108 82–108 NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 659 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 660 1 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-832 660 2 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-832 660 3 Who who WP en-wikipedia-org-832 660 4 speaks speak VBZ en-wikipedia-org-832 660 5 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-832 660 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 660 7 Subaltern Subaltern NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 660 8 ? ? . en-wikipedia-org-832 660 9 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-832 660 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 661 1 jacobinmag jacobinmag NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 661 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 662 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 662 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-832 662 3 b b NN en-wikipedia-org-832 662 4 Ayubi Ayubi NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 662 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 662 6 Nazih Nazih NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 662 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 663 1 2001 2001 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 663 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 664 1 Overstating overstate VBG en-wikipedia-org-832 664 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 664 3 Arab Arab NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 664 4 State State NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 664 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 665 1 Bodmin Bodmin NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 665 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-832 665 3 I.B. I.B. NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 666 1 Tauris Tauris NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 666 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 667 1 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-832 667 2 Ho Ho NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 667 3 Chi Chi NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 667 4 Minh Minh NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 667 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 667 6 Nguyễn Nguyễn NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 667 7 Ái Ái NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 667 8 Quốc Quốc NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 667 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 667 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 668 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 668 2 1924 1924 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 668 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 668 4 2017 2017 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 668 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 669 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 669 2 Case Case NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 669 3 Against against IN en-wikipedia-org-832 669 4 French French NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 669 5 Colonization Colonization NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 669 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 669 7 1st 1st NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 669 8 ed ed NN en-wikipedia-org-832 669 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 670 1 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 670 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 670 3 translated translate VBN en-wikipedia-org-832 670 4 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-832 670 5 J. J. NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 670 6 Leinsdorf Leinsdorf NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 670 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 671 1 Pentland Pentland NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 671 2 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 671 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 672 1 ASIN ASIN NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 672 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-832 672 3 B01N33WV86 B01N33WV86 NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 672 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 673 1 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-832 673 2 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-832 673 3 Half half NN en-wikipedia-org-832 673 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 673 5 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-832 673 6 Yellow Yellow NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 673 7 Sun Sun NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 673 8 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-832 673 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 674 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-832 674 2 Guevara Guevara NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 674 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 674 4 Che Che NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 674 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 675 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 675 2 1964 1964 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 675 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 675 4 2005 2005 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 675 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 676 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-832 676 2 Colonialism colonialism NN en-wikipedia-org-832 676 3 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-832 676 4 Doomed doom VBN en-wikipedia-org-832 676 5 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-832 676 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 676 7 speech speech NN en-wikipedia-org-832 676 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 676 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 677 1 19th 19th NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 677 2 General General NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 677 3 Assembly Assembly NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 677 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 677 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 677 6 United United NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 677 7 Nations Nations NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 677 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 678 1 Guevara Guevara NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 678 2 Works Works NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 678 3 Archive Archive NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 678 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 679 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 679 2 Quayson Quayson NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 679 3 2000 2000 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 679 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 679 5 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-832 679 6   _SP en-wikipedia-org-832 679 7 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 679 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 680 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 680 2 Quayson Quayson NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 680 3 2000 2000 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 680 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 680 5 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-832 680 6   _SP en-wikipedia-org-832 680 7 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 680 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 681 1 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-832 681 2 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-832 681 3 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 681 4 White White NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 681 5 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-832 681 6 Savior savior JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 681 7 Industrial Industrial NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 681 8 Complex Complex NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 681 9 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-832 681 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 682 1 2012 2012 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 682 2 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-832 682 3 03 03 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 682 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-832 682 5 21 21 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 682 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 683 1 Further further JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 683 2 reading[edit reading[edit LS en-wikipedia-org-832 683 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 683 4 Library library JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 683 5 resources resource NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 683 6 about about IN en-wikipedia-org-832 683 7 Postcolonialism Postcolonialism NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 683 8 Resources Resources NNPS en-wikipedia-org-832 683 9 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-832 683 10 your -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-832 683 11 library library NN en-wikipedia-org-832 683 12 Resources Resources NNPS en-wikipedia-org-832 683 13 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-832 683 14 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 683 15 libraries library NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 683 16 Gregory Gregory NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 683 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 683 18 Derek Derek NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 683 19 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 683 20 2009 2009 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 683 21 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 683 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 684 1 Dictionary Dictionary NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 684 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 684 3 Human Human NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 684 4 Geography Geography NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 684 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 685 1 Hoboken Hoboken NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 685 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 685 3 NJ NJ NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 685 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 686 1 : : : en-wikipedia-org-832 686 2 Wiley Wiley NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 686 3 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-832 686 4 Blackwell Blackwell NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 686 5 Publishing Publishing NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 686 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 687 1 Fanon Fanon NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 687 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 687 3 Frantz Frantz NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 687 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 687 5 1963 1963 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 687 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 687 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 688 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 688 2 Wretched Wretched NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 688 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 688 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 688 5 Earth Earth NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 688 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 689 1 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 689 2 York York NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 689 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-832 689 4 Grove Grove NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 689 5 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 689 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 690 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 690 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-832 690 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 690 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-832 690 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 690 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-832 690 7 8021 8021 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 690 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-832 690 9 5083 5083 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 690 10 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-832 690 11 7 7 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 690 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 691 1 Fischer Fischer NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 691 2 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-832 691 3 Tiné Tiné NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 691 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 691 5 Harald Harald NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 691 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 691 7 2011 2011 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 691 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 691 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 692 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-832 692 2 Postcolonial Postcolonial NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 692 3 Studies Studies NNPS en-wikipedia-org-832 692 4 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-832 692 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 693 1 European european JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 693 2 History History NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 693 3 Online Online NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 693 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 694 1 Hart Hart NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 694 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 694 3 Jonathan Jonathan NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 694 4 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-832 694 5 Goldie Goldie NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 694 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 694 7 Terrie Terrie NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 694 8 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 694 9 1993 1993 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 694 10 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 694 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 695 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-832 695 2 Post post JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 695 3 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 695 4 colonial colonial JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 695 5 Theory theory NN en-wikipedia-org-832 695 6 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-832 695 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 696 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-832 696 2 Makaryk Makaryk NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 696 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 696 4 Irene Irene NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 696 5 Rima Rima NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 696 6 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-832 696 7 Hutcheon Hutcheon NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 696 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 696 9 Linda Linda NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 696 10 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-832 696 11 Perron Perron NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 696 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 696 13 Paul Paul NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 696 14 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 696 15 eds eds NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 696 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 696 17 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 696 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 697 1 Encyclopedia Encyclopedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 697 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 697 3 Contemporary Contemporary NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 697 4 Literary Literary NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 697 5 Theory Theory NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 697 6 : : : en-wikipedia-org-832 697 7 Approaches Approaches NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 697 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 697 9 Scholars Scholars NNPS en-wikipedia-org-832 697 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 697 11 Terms term NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 697 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 698 1 Toronto Toronto NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 698 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 698 3 Canada Canada NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 698 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-832 698 5 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 698 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 698 7 Toronto Toronto NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 698 8 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 698 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 699 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 699 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-832 699 3 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 699 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-832 699 5 8020 8020 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 699 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-832 699 7 5914 5914 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 699 8 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-832 699 9 7 7 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 699 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 700 1 Retrieved retrieve VBN en-wikipedia-org-832 700 2 14 14 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 700 3 November November NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 700 4 2011 2011 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 700 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 701 1 Kumaraswamy Kumaraswamy NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 701 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 701 3 P. P. NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 701 4 R. R. NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 701 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 701 6 March March NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 701 7 2006 2006 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 701 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 701 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 702 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-832 702 2 Who who WP en-wikipedia-org-832 702 3 Am be VBP en-wikipedia-org-832 702 4 I -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-832 702 5 ? ? . en-wikipedia-org-832 703 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 703 2 Identity Identity NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 703 3 Crisis Crisis NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 703 4 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-832 703 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 703 6 Middle Middle NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 703 7 East East NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 703 8 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-832 703 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 704 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 704 2 Middle Middle NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 704 3 East East NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 704 4 Review Review NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 704 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 704 6 International International NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 704 7 Affairs Affairs NNPS en-wikipedia-org-832 704 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 705 1 10 10 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 705 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 705 3 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 705 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 705 5 Article Article NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 705 6 5 5 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 705 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 705 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 706 1 Quayson Quayson NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 706 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 706 3 Ato Ato NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 706 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 706 5 2000 2000 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 706 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 706 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 707 1 Postcolonialism postcolonialism NN en-wikipedia-org-832 707 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-832 707 3 Theory theory NN en-wikipedia-org-832 707 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 707 5 Practice Practice NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 707 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 707 7 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-832 707 8 Process Process NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 707 9 ? ? . en-wikipedia-org-832 707 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 708 1 Polity Polity NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 708 2 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 708 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 708 4 Blackwell Blackwell NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 708 5 Publishers Publishers NNPS en-wikipedia-org-832 708 6 Ltd. Ltd. NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 708 7 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 708 8   _SP en-wikipedia-org-832 708 9 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 708 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-832 708 11 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 708 12 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-832 708 13 7456 7456 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 708 14 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-832 708 15 1712 1712 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 708 16 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-832 708 17 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 708 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 709 1 Retrieved retrieve VBN en-wikipedia-org-832 709 2 22 22 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 709 3 November November NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 709 4 2011 2011 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 709 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 710 1 Sadiki sadiki VB en-wikipedia-org-832 710 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 710 3 Larbi Larbi NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 710 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 710 5 2004 2004 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 710 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 710 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 711 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 711 2 Search Search NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 711 3 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-832 711 4 Arab arab JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 711 5 Democracy democracy NN en-wikipedia-org-832 711 6 : : : en-wikipedia-org-832 711 7 Discourses Discourses NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 711 8 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 711 9 Counter Counter NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 711 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-832 711 11 Discourses Discourses NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 711 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 712 1 India India NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 712 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-832 712 3 C. C. NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 712 4 Hurst Hurst NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 712 5 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-832 712 6 Co. Co. NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 712 7 Ltd. Ltd. NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 712 8 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 712 9   _SP en-wikipedia-org-832 712 10 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 712 11 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-832 712 12 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 712 13 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-832 712 14 85065 85065 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 712 15 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-832 712 16 494 494 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 712 17 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-832 712 18 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 712 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 713 1 Said say VBD en-wikipedia-org-832 713 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 713 3 Edward Edward NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 713 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 713 5 1978 1978 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 713 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 713 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 714 1 Orientalism orientalism NN en-wikipedia-org-832 714 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 715 1 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 715 2 York York NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 715 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-832 715 4 Pantheon Pantheon NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 715 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 716 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 716 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-832 716 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 716 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-832 716 5 0394428147 0394428147 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 716 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 717 1 Spivak Spivak NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 717 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 717 3 Gayatri Gayatri NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 717 4 Chakravorty Chakravorty NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 717 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 717 6 1990 1990 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 717 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 717 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 718 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-832 718 2 Can Can MD en-wikipedia-org-832 718 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 718 4 Subaltern Subaltern NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 718 5 Speak speak VB en-wikipedia-org-832 718 6 ? ? . en-wikipedia-org-832 718 7 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-832 719 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 719 2 PDF PDF NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 719 3 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 719 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 720 1 Archived archived JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 720 2 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-832 720 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 720 4 original original JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 720 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 720 6 PDF PDF NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 720 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 720 8 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-832 720 9 January January NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 720 10 5 5 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 720 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 720 12 2012 2012 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 720 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 721 1 External External NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 721 2 links[edit links[edit , en-wikipedia-org-832 721 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 721 4 Wikiquote Wikiquote NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 721 5 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-832 721 6 quotations quotation NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 721 7 related relate VBN en-wikipedia-org-832 721 8 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-832 721 9 : : : en-wikipedia-org-832 721 10 Postcolonialism Postcolonialism NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 721 11 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 721 12 Institute Institute NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 721 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 721 14 Postcolonial Postcolonial NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 721 15 Studies Studies NNPS en-wikipedia-org-832 721 16 Contemporary Contemporary NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 721 17 Postcolonial Postcolonial NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 721 18 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 721 19 Postimperial Postimperial NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 721 20 Literature Literature NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 721 21 Postcolonial Postcolonial NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 721 22 Space Space NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 721 23 v v NN en-wikipedia-org-832 721 24 t t NN en-wikipedia-org-832 721 25 e e NN en-wikipedia-org-832 721 26 Literary literary JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 721 27 criticism criticism NN en-wikipedia-org-832 721 28 Literary literary JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 721 29 theory theory NN en-wikipedia-org-832 721 30 Archetypal archetypal JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 721 31 criticism criticism NN en-wikipedia-org-832 721 32 Biographical biographical JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 721 33 criticism criticism NN en-wikipedia-org-832 721 34 Chicago Chicago NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 721 35 school school NN en-wikipedia-org-832 721 36 Cultural cultural JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 721 37 materialism materialism NN en-wikipedia-org-832 721 38 Darwinian darwinian JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 721 39 criticism criticism NN en-wikipedia-org-832 721 40 Deconstruction Deconstruction NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 721 41 Descriptive descriptive JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 721 42 poetics poetic NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 721 43 Ecocriticism ecocriticism NN en-wikipedia-org-832 721 44 Feminist Feminist NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 721 45 criticism criticism NN en-wikipedia-org-832 721 46 Formalism Formalism NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 721 47 Geocriticism Geocriticism NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 721 48 Marxist marxist JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 721 49 criticism criticism NN en-wikipedia-org-832 721 50 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 721 51 Criticism Criticism NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 721 52 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 721 53 historicism historicism NN en-wikipedia-org-832 721 54 Postcolonial postcolonial JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 721 55 criticism criticism NN en-wikipedia-org-832 721 56 Postcritique Postcritique NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 721 57 Psychoanalytic psychoanalytic JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 721 58 criticism criticism NN en-wikipedia-org-832 721 59 Reader reader NN en-wikipedia-org-832 721 60 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-832 721 61 response response NN en-wikipedia-org-832 721 62 criticism criticism NN en-wikipedia-org-832 721 63 Russian russian JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 721 64 formalism formalism NN en-wikipedia-org-832 721 65 Semiotic semiotic JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 721 66 criticism criticism NN en-wikipedia-org-832 721 67 Sociological sociological JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 721 68 criticism criticism NN en-wikipedia-org-832 721 69 Source source NN en-wikipedia-org-832 721 70 criticism criticism NN en-wikipedia-org-832 721 71 Thing thing NN en-wikipedia-org-832 721 72 theory theory NN en-wikipedia-org-832 721 73 v v NN en-wikipedia-org-832 721 74 t t NN en-wikipedia-org-832 721 75 e e NN en-wikipedia-org-832 721 76 Theories theory NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 721 77 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 721 78 history history NN en-wikipedia-org-832 721 79 Annales Annales NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 721 80 Conceptual Conceptual NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 721 81 Cultural Cultural NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 721 82 Economic Economic NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 721 83 Environmental Environmental NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 721 84 Gender Gender NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 721 85 Historicism Historicism NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 721 86 Marxist Marxist NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 721 87 Macrohistory Macrohistory NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 721 88 Microhistory Microhistory NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 721 89 Postcolonial Postcolonial NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 721 90 Politics Politics NNPS en-wikipedia-org-832 721 91 Postmodern Postmodern NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 721 92 Psychohistory Psychohistory NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 721 93 Social Social NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 721 94 List List NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 721 95 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 721 96 historians historian NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 721 97 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-832 721 98 Big big JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 721 99 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-832 721 100 v v NN en-wikipedia-org-832 721 101 t t NN en-wikipedia-org-832 721 102 e e NN en-wikipedia-org-832 721 103 Historiography Historiography NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 721 104 Historical Historical NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 721 105 method method NN en-wikipedia-org-832 721 106 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-832 721 107 Big big JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 721 108 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-832 721 109 history history NN en-wikipedia-org-832 721 110 theories theory NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 721 111 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 721 112 history history NN en-wikipedia-org-832 721 113 historiography historiography NN en-wikipedia-org-832 721 114 historians historian VBZ en-wikipedia-org-832 721 115 Historical historical JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 721 116 sources source NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 721 117 Types Types NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 721 118 Primary Primary NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 721 119 sources source VBZ en-wikipedia-org-832 721 120 Secondary secondary JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 721 121 sources source NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 721 122 Tertiary Tertiary NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 721 123 sources source NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 721 124 Sources Sources NNPS en-wikipedia-org-832 721 125 Archives Archives NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 721 126 Artifact Artifact NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 721 127 Archaeological Archaeological NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 721 128 site site NN en-wikipedia-org-832 721 129 Codices codice VBZ en-wikipedia-org-832 721 130 Deeds deed NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 721 131 Facsimiles Facsimiles NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 721 132 Feature Feature NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 721 133 Hieroglyphs Hieroglyphs NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 721 134 Historical historical JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 721 135 documents document NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 721 136 Manuscripts manuscript NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 721 137 Papyri papyri JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 721 138 Religious religious JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 721 139 texts text NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 721 140 Scrolls scroll VBZ en-wikipedia-org-832 721 141 Organizations Organizations NNPS en-wikipedia-org-832 721 142 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 721 143 institutes institutes NN en-wikipedia-org-832 721 144 Historical historical JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 721 145 society society NN en-wikipedia-org-832 721 146 Historiographical Historiographical NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 721 147 Institute Institute NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 721 148 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 721 149 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 721 150 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 721 151 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 721 152 Tokyo Tokyo NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 721 153 Concepts Concepts NNPS en-wikipedia-org-832 721 154 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 721 155 choice choice NN en-wikipedia-org-832 721 156 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 721 157 Battle battle NN en-wikipedia-org-832 721 158 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-832 721 159 Australia Australia NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 721 160 Pax Pax NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 721 161 Sinica Sinica NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 721 162 Political political JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 721 163 midlife midlife NN en-wikipedia-org-832 721 164 crisis crisis NN en-wikipedia-org-832 721 165 Renaissance Renaissance NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 721 166 Translatio Translatio NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 721 167 imperii imperii NN en-wikipedia-org-832 721 168 Methodology Methodology NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 721 169 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 721 170 schools school NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 721 171 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 721 172 choice choice NN en-wikipedia-org-832 721 173 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 721 174 Annales Annales NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 721 175 school school NN en-wikipedia-org-832 721 176 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-832 721 177 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 721 178 mentalities mentality NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 721 179 Nouvelle Nouvelle NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 721 180 histoire histoire NN en-wikipedia-org-832 721 181 Case case NN en-wikipedia-org-832 721 182 study study NN en-wikipedia-org-832 721 183 Change change NN en-wikipedia-org-832 721 184 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 721 185 continuity continuity NN en-wikipedia-org-832 721 186 Historical historical JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 721 187 linguistics linguistic NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 721 188 Great Great NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 721 189 Man Man NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 721 190 theory theory NN en-wikipedia-org-832 721 191 Heroic heroic JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 721 192 theory theory NN en-wikipedia-org-832 721 193 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 721 194 invention invention NN en-wikipedia-org-832 721 195 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 721 196 scientific scientific JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 721 197 development development NN en-wikipedia-org-832 721 198 Historic Historic NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 721 199 recurrence recurrence NN en-wikipedia-org-832 721 200 Historical historical JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 721 201 anthropology anthropology NN en-wikipedia-org-832 721 202 Historical historical JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 721 203 determinism determinism NN en-wikipedia-org-832 721 204 Historical historical JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 721 205 realism realism NN en-wikipedia-org-832 721 206 Historicism Historicism NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 721 207 Historiometry Historiometry NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 721 208 Cliometrics Cliometrics NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 721 209 Historism Historism NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 721 210 Marxist marxist JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 721 211 historiography historiography NN en-wikipedia-org-832 721 212 Historical historical JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 721 213 materialism materialism NN en-wikipedia-org-832 721 214 Microhistory Microhistory NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 721 215 Codicology Codicology NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 721 216 Palaeography Palaeography NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 721 217 Intellectual intellectual JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 721 218 history history NN en-wikipedia-org-832 721 219 Idea Idea NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 721 220 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 721 221 Progress Progress NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 721 222 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-832 721 223 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 721 224 modernisation modernisation NN en-wikipedia-org-832 721 225 theory theory NN en-wikipedia-org-832 721 226 Historical historical JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 721 227 criticism criticism NN en-wikipedia-org-832 721 228 Historical historical JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 721 229 geography geography NN en-wikipedia-org-832 721 230 Historical historical JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 721 231 geographic geographic JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 721 232 information information NN en-wikipedia-org-832 721 233 system system NN en-wikipedia-org-832 721 234 By by IN en-wikipedia-org-832 721 235 country country NN en-wikipedia-org-832 721 236 Albania Albania NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 721 237 Argentina Argentina NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 721 238 Canada Canada NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 721 239 China China NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 721 240 Germany Germany NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 721 241 Hellenic Hellenic NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 721 242 Islam Islam NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 721 243 Japan Japan NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 721 244 Rome Rome NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 721 245 North North NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 721 246 Macedonia Macedonia NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 721 247 Serbia Serbia NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 721 248 Soviet Soviet NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 721 249 Union Union NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 721 250 United United NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 721 251 Kingdom Kingdom NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 721 252 United United NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 721 253 States States NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 721 254 Scotland Scotland NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 721 255 Switzerland Switzerland NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 721 256 Turkey Turkey NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 721 257 Others Others NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 721 258 Historiography Historiography NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 721 259 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 721 260 science science NN en-wikipedia-org-832 721 261 Historiography Historiography NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 721 262 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 721 263 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 721 264 salon salon NN en-wikipedia-org-832 721 265 Historiography Historiography NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 721 266 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 721 267 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 721 268 May May NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 721 269 Revolution Revolution NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 721 270 Historiography Historiography NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 721 271 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 721 272 World World NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 721 273 War War NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 721 274 II II NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 721 275 Functionalism Functionalism NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 721 276 – – : en-wikipedia-org-832 721 277 intentionalism intentionalism NN en-wikipedia-org-832 721 278 debate debate NN en-wikipedia-org-832 721 279 Historiography Historiography NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 721 280 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 721 281 early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 721 282 Islam Islam NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 721 283 Related Related NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 721 284 Historical historical JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 721 285 fiction fiction NN en-wikipedia-org-832 721 286 Historical historical JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 721 287 revisionism revisionism NN en-wikipedia-org-832 721 288 Historical historical JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 721 289 negationism negationism NN en-wikipedia-org-832 721 290 Historiography Historiography NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 721 291 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 721 292 nationalism nationalism NN en-wikipedia-org-832 721 293 Historical historical JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 721 294 marker marker NN en-wikipedia-org-832 721 295 List List NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 721 296 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 721 297 historians historians NNPS en-wikipedia-org-832 721 298 v v IN en-wikipedia-org-832 721 299 t t NN en-wikipedia-org-832 721 300 e e NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 721 301 Critical critical JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 721 302 theory theory NN en-wikipedia-org-832 721 303 Origins Origins NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 721 304 Frankfurt Frankfurt NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 721 305 School School NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 721 306 Freudo Freudo NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 721 307 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-832 721 308 Marxism Marxism NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 721 309 Concepts Concepts NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 721 310 Critical critical JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 721 311 vocabulary vocabulary NN en-wikipedia-org-832 721 312 Binary binary JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 721 313 opposition opposition NN en-wikipedia-org-832 721 314 Dominant dominant JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 721 315 privilege privilege NN en-wikipedia-org-832 721 316 Phallogocentrism Phallogocentrism NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 721 317 Reconstructivism Reconstructivism NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 721 318 Derivatives derivative VBZ en-wikipedia-org-832 721 319 Archetypal archetypal JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 721 320 literary literary JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 721 321 criticism criticism NN en-wikipedia-org-832 721 322 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 721 323 historicism historicism NN en-wikipedia-org-832 721 324 Technocriticism Technocriticism NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 721 325 Critical Critical NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 721 326 ... ... NFP en-wikipedia-org-832 721 327 applied applied JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 721 328 linguistics linguistics NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 721 329 cartography cartography NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 721 330 criminology criminology NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 721 331 design design NN en-wikipedia-org-832 721 332 discourse discourse NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 721 333 analysis analysis NN en-wikipedia-org-832 721 334 ethnography ethnography NN en-wikipedia-org-832 721 335 geography geography NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 721 336 geopolitics geopolitics NNPS en-wikipedia-org-832 721 337 historiography historiography NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 721 338 international international NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 721 339 relations relation NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 721 340 theory theory NN en-wikipedia-org-832 721 341 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-832 721 342 awareness awareness NN en-wikipedia-org-832 721 343 legal legal JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 721 344 studies study NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 721 345 management management NN en-wikipedia-org-832 721 346 studies study NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 721 347 medical medical JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 721 348 anthropology anthropology NN en-wikipedia-org-832 721 349 pedagogy pedagogy NN en-wikipedia-org-832 721 350 practice practice VBP en-wikipedia-org-832 721 351 psychiatry psychiatry NN en-wikipedia-org-832 721 352 psychology psychology NN en-wikipedia-org-832 721 353 race race NN en-wikipedia-org-832 721 354 theory theory NN en-wikipedia-org-832 721 355 security security NN en-wikipedia-org-832 721 356 studies study NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 721 357 social social NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 721 358 thought thought NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 721 359 technical technical JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 721 360 practice practice NN en-wikipedia-org-832 721 361 terrorism terrorism NN en-wikipedia-org-832 721 362 studies study NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 721 363 Theorists Theorists NNPS en-wikipedia-org-832 721 364 Herbert Herbert NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 721 365 Marcuse Marcuse NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 721 366 Theodor Theodor NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 721 367 W. W. NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 721 368 Adorno Adorno NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 721 369 Max Max NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 721 370 Horkheimer Horkheimer NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 721 371 Walter Walter NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 721 372 Benjamin Benjamin NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 721 373 Erich Erich NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 721 374 Fromm Fromm NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 721 375 Friedrich Friedrich NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 721 376 Pollock Pollock NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 721 377 Leo Leo NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 721 378 Löwenthal Löwenthal NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 721 379 Jürgen Jürgen NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 721 380 Habermas Habermas NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 721 381 Alfred Alfred NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 721 382 Schmidt Schmidt NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 721 383 Axel Axel NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 721 384 Honneth Honneth NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 721 385 Siegfried siegfrie VBD en-wikipedia-org-832 721 386 Kracauer Kracauer NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 721 387 Otto Otto NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 721 388 Kirchheimer Kirchheimer NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 721 389 Authority Authority NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 721 390 control control NN en-wikipedia-org-832 721 391 GND GND NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 721 392 : : : en-wikipedia-org-832 721 393 4566658 4566658 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 721 394 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-832 721 395 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 721 396 Retrieved retrieve VBN en-wikipedia-org-832 721 397 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-832 721 398 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-832 721 399 https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Postcolonialism&oldid=1002518025 https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Postcolonialism&oldid=1002518025 NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 721 400 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-832 721 401 Categories category NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 721 402 : : : en-wikipedia-org-832 721 403 Postcolonialism Postcolonialism NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 721 404 Critical critical JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 721 405 theory theory NN en-wikipedia-org-832 721 406 Neocolonialism Neocolonialism NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 721 407 Africana Africana NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 721 408 philosophy philosophy NN en-wikipedia-org-832 721 409 Postmodern postmodern JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 721 410 theory theory NN en-wikipedia-org-832 721 411 Post post JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 721 412 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 721 413 structuralism structuralism JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 721 414 Palestinian palestinian JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 721 415 inventions invention NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 721 416 Hidden hide VBN en-wikipedia-org-832 721 417 categories category NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 721 418 : : : en-wikipedia-org-832 721 419 Harv Harv NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 721 420 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-832 721 421 Sfn Sfn NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 721 422 no no DT en-wikipedia-org-832 721 423 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-832 721 424 target target NN en-wikipedia-org-832 721 425 errors error NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 721 426 CS1 CS1 NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 721 427 errors error NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 721 428 : : : en-wikipedia-org-832 721 429 missing miss VBG en-wikipedia-org-832 721 430 periodical periodical JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 721 431 CS1 CS1 NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 721 432 Dutch Dutch NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 721 433 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-832 721 434 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-832 721 435 sources source NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 721 436 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 721 437 nl nl NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 721 438 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 721 439 CS1 CS1 NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 721 440 maint maint NN en-wikipedia-org-832 721 441 : : : en-wikipedia-org-832 721 442 DOI doi NN en-wikipedia-org-832 721 443 inactive inactive JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 721 444 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-832 721 445 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-832 721 446 January January NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 721 447 2021 2021 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 721 448 CS1 CS1 NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 721 449 : : : en-wikipedia-org-832 721 450 long long JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 721 451 volume volume NN en-wikipedia-org-832 721 452 value value NN en-wikipedia-org-832 721 453 CS1 CS1 NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 721 454 maint maint NN en-wikipedia-org-832 721 455 : : : en-wikipedia-org-832 721 456 extra extra JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 721 457 text text NN en-wikipedia-org-832 721 458 : : : en-wikipedia-org-832 721 459 authors author NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 721 460 list list VBP en-wikipedia-org-832 721 461 Articles article NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 721 462 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-832 721 463 short short JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 721 464 description description NN en-wikipedia-org-832 721 465 Short short JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 721 466 description description NN en-wikipedia-org-832 721 467 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-832 721 468 different different JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 721 469 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-832 721 470 Wikidata Wikidata NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 721 471 All all DT en-wikipedia-org-832 721 472 articles article NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 721 473 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-832 721 474 unsourced unsourced JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 721 475 statements statement NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 721 476 Articles article NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 721 477 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-832 721 478 unsourced unsourced JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 721 479 statements statement NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 721 480 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-832 721 481 June June NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 721 482 2017 2017 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 721 483 Articles Articles NNPS en-wikipedia-org-832 721 484 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-832 721 485 unsourced unsourced JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 721 486 statements statement NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 721 487 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-832 721 488 June June NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 721 489 2019 2019 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 721 490 Articles Articles NNPS en-wikipedia-org-832 721 491 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-832 721 492 unsourced unsourced JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 721 493 statements statement NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 721 494 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-832 721 495 August August NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 721 496 2020 2020 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 721 497 Wikipedia Wikipedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 721 498 articles article NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 721 499 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-832 721 500 GND GND NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 721 501 identifiers identifiers NNPS en-wikipedia-org-832 721 502 Navigation Navigation NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 721 503 menu menu MD en-wikipedia-org-832 721 504 Personal personal JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 721 505 tools tool NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 721 506 Not not RB en-wikipedia-org-832 721 507 logged log VBN en-wikipedia-org-832 721 508 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-832 721 509 Talk Talk NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 721 510 Contributions Contributions NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 721 511 Create Create NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 721 512 account account NN en-wikipedia-org-832 721 513 Log Log NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 721 514 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-832 721 515 Namespaces Namespaces NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 721 516 Article Article NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 721 517 Talk talk NN en-wikipedia-org-832 721 518 Variants variant VBZ en-wikipedia-org-832 721 519 Views view NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 721 520 Read read VBP en-wikipedia-org-832 721 521 Edit edit NN en-wikipedia-org-832 721 522 View View NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 721 523 history history NN en-wikipedia-org-832 721 524 More More JJR en-wikipedia-org-832 721 525 Search Search NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 721 526 Navigation Navigation NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 721 527 Main Main NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 721 528 page page NN en-wikipedia-org-832 721 529 Contents content VBZ en-wikipedia-org-832 721 530 Current current JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 721 531 events event NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 721 532 Random random JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 721 533 article article NN en-wikipedia-org-832 721 534 About about IN en-wikipedia-org-832 721 535 Wikipedia Wikipedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 721 536 Contact Contact NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 721 537 us -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-832 721 538 Donate Donate NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 721 539 Contribute contribute NN en-wikipedia-org-832 721 540 Help help NN en-wikipedia-org-832 721 541 Learn learn VB en-wikipedia-org-832 721 542 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-832 721 543 edit edit VB en-wikipedia-org-832 721 544 Community community NN en-wikipedia-org-832 721 545 portal portal JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 721 546 Recent recent JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 721 547 changes change NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 721 548 Upload upload JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 721 549 file file NN en-wikipedia-org-832 721 550 Tools tool NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 721 551 What what WP en-wikipedia-org-832 721 552 links link NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 721 553 here here RB en-wikipedia-org-832 721 554 Related relate VBN en-wikipedia-org-832 721 555 changes change VBZ en-wikipedia-org-832 721 556 Upload upload JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 721 557 file file VBP en-wikipedia-org-832 721 558 Special special JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 721 559 pages page NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 721 560 Permanent permanent JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 721 561 link link NN en-wikipedia-org-832 721 562 Page Page NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 721 563 information information NN en-wikipedia-org-832 721 564 Cite cite VB en-wikipedia-org-832 721 565 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-832 721 566 page page NN en-wikipedia-org-832 721 567 Wikidata wikidata NN en-wikipedia-org-832 721 568 item item NN en-wikipedia-org-832 721 569 Print print NN en-wikipedia-org-832 721 570 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-832 721 571 export export NN en-wikipedia-org-832 721 572 Download Download NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 721 573 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-832 721 574 PDF PDF NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 721 575 Printable Printable NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 721 576 version version NN en-wikipedia-org-832 721 577 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-832 721 578 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 721 579 projects project NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 721 580 Wikimedia Wikimedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 721 581 Commons Commons NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 721 582 Wikiquote Wikiquote NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 721 583 Languages Languages NNPS en-wikipedia-org-832 721 584 العربية العربية NN en-wikipedia-org-832 721 585 বাংলা বাংলা NN en-wikipedia-org-832 721 586 Català Català NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 721 587 Čeština Čeština NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 721 588 Cymraeg Cymraeg NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 721 589 Dansk Dansk NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 721 590 Deutsch Deutsch NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 721 591 Eesti Eesti NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 721 592 Ελληνικά Ελληνικά NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 721 593 Español Español NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 721 594 فارسی فارسی JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 721 595 Français Français NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 721 596 Galego Galego NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 721 597 한국어 한국어 NN en-wikipedia-org-832 721 598 हिन्दी हिन्दी NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 721 599 Bahasa Bahasa NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 721 600 Indonesia Indonesia NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 721 601 Italiano Italiano NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 721 602 עברית עברית NN en-wikipedia-org-832 721 603 Kreyòl Kreyòl NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 721 604 ayisyen ayisyen NN en-wikipedia-org-832 721 605 Lietuvių Lietuvių NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 721 606 Magyar Magyar NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 721 607 Nederlands Nederlands NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 721 608 日本語 日本語 NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 721 609 Norsk Norsk NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 721 610 bokmål bokmål NN en-wikipedia-org-832 721 611 ਪੰਜਾਬੀ ਪੰਜਾਬੀ NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 721 612 Polski Polski NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 721 613 Português Português NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 721 614 Русский Русский NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 721 615 Suomi Suomi NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 721 616 Svenska Svenska NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 721 617 Türkçe Türkçe NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 721 618 Українська Українська NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 721 619 中文 中文 NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 721 620 Edit Edit NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 721 621 links link NNS en-wikipedia-org-832 721 622 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-832 721 623 page page NN en-wikipedia-org-832 721 624 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-832 721 625 last last RB en-wikipedia-org-832 721 626 edited edit VBN en-wikipedia-org-832 721 627 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-832 721 628 24 24 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 721 629 January January NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 721 630 2021 2021 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 721 631 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 721 632 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-832 721 633 20:41 20:41 CD en-wikipedia-org-832 721 634   _SP en-wikipedia-org-832 721 635 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 721 636 UTC UTC NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 721 637 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-832 721 638 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 722 1 Text text NN en-wikipedia-org-832 722 2 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-832 722 3 available available JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 722 4 under under IN en-wikipedia-org-832 722 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-832 722 6 Creative Creative NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 722 7 Commons Commons NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 722 8 Attribution Attribution NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 722 9 - - HYPH 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Inc. NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 724 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-832 724 14 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-832 724 15 non non JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 724 16 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 724 17 profit profit JJ en-wikipedia-org-832 724 18 organization organization NN en-wikipedia-org-832 724 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-832 725 1 Privacy privacy NN en-wikipedia-org-832 725 2 policy policy NN en-wikipedia-org-832 725 3 About about IN en-wikipedia-org-832 725 4 Wikipedia Wikipedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 725 5 Disclaimers Disclaimers NNPS en-wikipedia-org-832 725 6 Contact Contact NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 725 7 Wikipedia Wikipedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 725 8 Mobile Mobile NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 725 9 view view NN en-wikipedia-org-832 725 10 Developers Developers NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 725 11 Statistics Statistics NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 725 12 Cookie Cookie NNP en-wikipedia-org-832 725 13 statement statement NN