id sid tid token lemma pos en-wikipedia-org-9755 1 1 Law Law NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 1 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 1 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 1 4 United United NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 1 5 States States NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 1 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9755 1 7 Wikipedia Wikipedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 1 8 Law Law NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 1 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 1 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 1 11 United United NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 1 12 States States NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 1 13 From from IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 1 14 Wikipedia Wikipedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 1 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 1 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 1 17 free free JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 1 18 encyclopedia encyclopedia NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 1 19 Jump Jump NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 1 20 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 1 21 navigation navigation NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 1 22 Jump Jump NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 1 23 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-9755 1 24 search search VB en-wikipedia-org-9755 1 25 Overview Overview NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 1 26 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 1 27 United United NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 1 28 States States NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 1 29 law law NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 1 30 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 1 31 United United NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 1 32 States States NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 1 33 Constitution Constitution NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 1 34 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 1 35 law law NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 1 36 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 1 37 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 1 38 United United NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 1 39 States States NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 1 40 comprises comprise VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9755 1 41 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 1 42 levels[1 levels[1 NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 1 43 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 1 44 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 1 45 codified codified JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 1 46 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9755 1 47 uncodified uncodified JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 1 48 forms form NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 1 49 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 1 50 law law NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 1 51 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 1 52 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 1 53 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-9755 1 54 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 1 55 most most RBS en-wikipedia-org-9755 1 56 important important JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 1 57 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9755 1 58 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 1 59 United United NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 1 60 States States NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 1 61 Constitution Constitution NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 1 62 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 1 63 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-9755 1 64 prescribes prescribe VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9755 1 65 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 1 66 foundation foundation NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 1 67 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 1 68 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 1 69 federal federal JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 1 70 government government NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 1 71 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 1 72 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 1 73 United United NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 1 74 States States NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 1 75 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 1 76 as as RB en-wikipedia-org-9755 1 77 well well RB en-wikipedia-org-9755 1 78 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 1 79 various various JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 1 80 civil civil JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 1 81 liberties liberty NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 1 82 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 2 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 2 2 Constitution Constitution NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 2 3 sets set VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9755 2 4 out out RP en-wikipedia-org-9755 2 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 2 6 boundaries boundary NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 2 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 2 8 federal federal JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 2 9 law law NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 2 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 2 11 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-9755 2 12 consists consist VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9755 2 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 2 14 Acts Acts NNPS en-wikipedia-org-9755 2 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 2 16 Congress,[2 Congress,[2 NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 2 17 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 2 18 treaties treaty NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 2 19 ratified ratify VBN en-wikipedia-org-9755 2 20 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 2 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 2 22 Senate,[3 Senate,[3 NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 2 23 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 2 24 regulations regulation NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 2 25 promulgated promulgate VBN en-wikipedia-org-9755 2 26 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 2 27 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 2 28 executive executive NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 2 29 branch,[4 branch,[4 NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 2 30 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 2 31 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9755 2 32 case case NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 2 33 law law NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 2 34 originating originate VBG en-wikipedia-org-9755 2 35 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 2 36 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 2 37 federal federal JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 2 38 judiciary judiciary NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 2 39 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 3 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 3 2 5 5 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 3 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 3 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 3 5 United United NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 3 6 States States NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 3 7 Code Code NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 3 8 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9755 3 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 3 10 official official JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 3 11 compilation compilation NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 3 12 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9755 3 13 codification codification NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 3 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 3 15 general general JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 3 16 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9755 3 17 permanent permanent JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 3 18 federal federal JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 3 19 statutory statutory JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 3 20 law law NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 3 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 4 1 Federal federal JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 4 2 law law NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 4 3 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9755 4 4 treaties treaty NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 4 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 4 6 so so RB en-wikipedia-org-9755 4 7 long long RB en-wikipedia-org-9755 4 8 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 4 9 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-9755 4 10 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-9755 4 11 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 4 12 accordance accordance NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 4 13 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 4 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 4 15 Constitution Constitution NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 4 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 4 17 preempt preempt NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 4 18 conflicting conflict VBG en-wikipedia-org-9755 4 19 state state NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 4 20 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9755 4 21 territorial territorial JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 4 22 laws law NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 4 23 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 4 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 4 25 50 50 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 4 26 U.S. U.S. NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 4 27 states state NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 4 28 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9755 4 29 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 4 30 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 4 31 territories territory NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 4 32 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 5 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 5 2 6 6 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 5 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 5 4 However however RB en-wikipedia-org-9755 5 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 5 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 5 7 scope scope NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 5 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 5 9 federal federal JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 5 10 preemption preemption NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 5 11 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9755 5 12 limited limited JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 5 13 because because IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 5 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 5 15 scope scope NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 5 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 5 17 federal federal JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 5 18 power power NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 5 19 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9755 5 20 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-9755 5 21 universal universal JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 5 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 6 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 6 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 6 3 dual dual JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 6 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9755 6 5 sovereign[7 sovereign[7 NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 6 6 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 6 7 system system NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 6 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 6 9 American american JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 6 10 federalism federalism NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 6 11 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 6 12 actually actually RB en-wikipedia-org-9755 6 13 tripartite[8 tripartite[8 `` en-wikipedia-org-9755 6 14 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 6 15 because because IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 6 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 6 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 6 18 presence presence NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 6 19 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 6 20 Indian indian JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 6 21 reservations reservation NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 6 22 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 6 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 6 24 states state NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 6 25 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-9755 6 26 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 6 27 plenary plenary JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 6 28 sovereigns sovereign NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 6 29 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 6 30 each each DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 6 31 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 6 32 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-9755 6 33 own own JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 6 34 constitution constitution NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 6 35 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 6 36 while while IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 6 37 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 6 38 federal federal JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 6 39 sovereign sovereign JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 6 40 possesses possesse NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 6 41 only only RB en-wikipedia-org-9755 6 42 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 6 43 limited limit VBN en-wikipedia-org-9755 6 44 supreme supreme NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 6 45 authority authority NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 6 46 enumerated enumerate VBD en-wikipedia-org-9755 6 47 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 6 48 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 6 49 Constitution Constitution NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 6 50 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 7 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 7 2 9 9 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 7 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 7 4 Indeed indeed RB en-wikipedia-org-9755 7 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 7 6 states state NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 7 7 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-9755 7 8 grant grant VB en-wikipedia-org-9755 7 9 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-9755 7 10 citizens citizen NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 7 11 broader broad JJR en-wikipedia-org-9755 7 12 rights right NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 7 13 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 7 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 7 15 federal federal JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 7 16 Constitution Constitution NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 7 17 as as RB en-wikipedia-org-9755 7 18 long long RB en-wikipedia-org-9755 7 19 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 7 20 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-9755 7 21 do do VBP en-wikipedia-org-9755 7 22 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-9755 7 23 infringe infringe VB en-wikipedia-org-9755 7 24 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 7 25 any any DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 7 26 federal federal JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 7 27 constitutional constitutional JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 7 28 rights right NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 7 29 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 8 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 8 2 10][11 10][11 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 8 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 8 4 Thus thus RB en-wikipedia-org-9755 8 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 8 6 most most JJS en-wikipedia-org-9755 8 7 U.S. U.S. NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 8 8 law law NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 8 9 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 8 10 especially especially RB en-wikipedia-org-9755 8 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 8 12 actual actual JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 8 13 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-9755 8 14 living live VBG en-wikipedia-org-9755 8 15 law law NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 8 16 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-9755 8 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 8 18 contract contract NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 8 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 8 20 tort tort NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 8 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 8 22 property property NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 8 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 8 24 criminal criminal JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 8 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 8 26 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9755 8 27 family family NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 8 28 law law NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 8 29 experienced experience VBN en-wikipedia-org-9755 8 30 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 8 31 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 8 32 majority majority NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 8 33 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 8 34 citizens citizen NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 8 35 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 8 36 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 8 37 day day NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 8 38 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9755 8 39 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 8 40 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9755 8 41 day day NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 8 42 basis basis NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 8 43 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 8 44 consists consist VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9755 8 45 primarily primarily RB en-wikipedia-org-9755 8 46 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 8 47 state state NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 8 48 law law NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 8 49 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 8 50 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-9755 8 51 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-9755 8 52 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9755 8 53 does do VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9755 8 54 vary vary VB en-wikipedia-org-9755 8 55 greatly greatly RB en-wikipedia-org-9755 8 56 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 8 57 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 8 58 state state NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 8 59 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 8 60 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 8 61 next next JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 8 62 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 9 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 9 2 12][13 12][13 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 9 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 9 4 At at IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 9 5 both both CC en-wikipedia-org-9755 9 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 9 7 federal federal JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 9 8 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9755 9 9 state state NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 9 10 levels level NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 9 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 9 12 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 9 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 9 14 exception exception NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 9 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 9 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 9 17 state state NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 9 18 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 9 19 Louisiana Louisiana NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 9 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 9 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 9 22 law law NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 9 23 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 9 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 9 25 United United NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 9 26 States States NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 9 27 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9755 9 28 largely largely RB en-wikipedia-org-9755 9 29 derived derive VBN en-wikipedia-org-9755 9 30 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 9 31 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 9 32 common common JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 9 33 law law NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 9 34 system system NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 9 35 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 9 36 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 9 37 law law NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 9 38 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 9 39 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-9755 9 40 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-9755 9 41 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 9 42 force force NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 9 43 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 9 44 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 9 45 time time NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 9 46 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 9 47 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 9 48 American American NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 9 49 Revolutionary Revolutionary NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 9 50 War War NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 9 51 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 10 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 10 2 14][15 14][15 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 10 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 10 4 However however RB en-wikipedia-org-9755 10 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 10 6 American american JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 10 7 law law NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 10 8 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9755 10 9 diverged diverge VBN en-wikipedia-org-9755 10 10 greatly greatly RB en-wikipedia-org-9755 10 11 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 10 12 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-9755 10 13 English english JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 10 14 ancestor ancestor NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 10 15 both both CC en-wikipedia-org-9755 10 16 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 10 17 terms term NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 10 18 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 10 19 substance substance NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 10 20 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9755 10 21 procedure[16 procedure[16 NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 10 22 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 10 23 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9755 10 24 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9755 10 25 incorporated incorporate VBN en-wikipedia-org-9755 10 26 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 10 27 number number NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 10 28 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 10 29 civil civil JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 10 30 law law NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 10 31 innovations innovation NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 10 32 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 11 1 Contents content NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 11 2 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 11 3 General general NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 11 4 overview overview CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 11 5 1.1 1.1 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 11 6 Sources source NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 11 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 11 8 law law NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 11 9 1.2 1.2 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 11 10 Constitutionality constitutionality NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 11 11 1.3 1.3 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 11 12 American american JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 11 13 common common JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 11 14 law law NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 11 15 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 11 16 Levels level NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 11 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 11 18 law law NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 11 19 2.1 2.1 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 11 20 Federal Federal NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 11 21 law law NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 11 22 2.1.1 2.1.1 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 11 23 Statutes statute NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 11 24 2.1.2 2.1.2 NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 11 25 Regulations regulation NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 11 26 2.1.3 2.1.3 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 11 27 Common common JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 11 28 law law NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 11 29 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 11 30 case case NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 11 31 law law NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 11 32 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 11 33 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9755 11 34 precedent precedent NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 11 35 2.2 2.2 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 11 36 State State NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 11 37 law law NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 11 38 2.2.1 2.2.1 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 11 39 State State NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 11 40 legal legal JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 11 41 systems system NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 11 42 2.3 2.3 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 11 43 Local local JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 11 44 law law NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 11 45 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 11 46 Legal legal JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 11 47 subjects subject VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9755 11 48 3.1 3.1 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 11 49 Criminal criminal JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 11 50 law law NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 11 51 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9755 11 52 procedure procedure NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 11 53 3.2 3.2 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 11 54 Civil civil JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 11 55 procedure procedure NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 11 56 3.3 3.3 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 11 57 Contract contract NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 11 58 law law NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 11 59 3.4 3.4 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 11 60 Tort tort NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 11 61 law law NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 11 62 3.5 3.5 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 11 63 Property Property NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 11 64 law law NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 11 65 3.6 3.6 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 11 66 Family Family NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 11 67 law law NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 11 68 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 11 69 See see VBP en-wikipedia-org-9755 11 70 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-9755 11 71 4.1 4.1 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 11 72 Lists Lists NNPS en-wikipedia-org-9755 11 73 5 5 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 11 74 References reference NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 11 75 6 6 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 11 76 Further further RB en-wikipedia-org-9755 11 77 reading read VBG en-wikipedia-org-9755 11 78 6.1 6.1 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 11 79 Legal legal JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 11 80 history history NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 11 81 6.2 6.2 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 11 82 Colonial Colonial NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 11 83 6.3 6.3 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 11 84 Lawyers Lawyers NNPS en-wikipedia-org-9755 11 85 6.4 6.4 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 11 86 Philosophy philosophy NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 11 87 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 11 88 law law NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 11 89 7 7 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 11 90 External external JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 11 91 links link NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 11 92 General general JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 11 93 overview[edit overview[edit NFP en-wikipedia-org-9755 11 94 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 11 95 Law law NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 11 96 affects affect VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9755 11 97 every every DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 11 98 aspect aspect NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 11 99 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 11 100 American american JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 11 101 life life NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 11 102 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 11 103 including include VBG en-wikipedia-org-9755 11 104 parking parking NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 11 105 lots lot NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 11 106 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 12 1 Note note VB en-wikipedia-org-9755 12 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 12 3 citations citation NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 12 4 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 12 5 statutes statute NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 12 6 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 12 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 12 8 sign sign NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 12 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 13 1 Sources source NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 13 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 13 3 law[edit law[edit NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 13 4 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 13 5 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 13 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 13 7 United United NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 13 8 States States NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 13 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 13 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 13 11 law law NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 13 12 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9755 13 13 derived derive VBN en-wikipedia-org-9755 13 14 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 13 15 five five CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 13 16 sources source NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 13 17 : : : en-wikipedia-org-9755 13 18 constitutional constitutional JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 13 19 law law NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 13 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 13 21 statutory statutory JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 13 22 law law NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 13 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 13 24 treaties treaty NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 13 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 13 26 administrative administrative JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 13 27 regulations regulation NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 13 28 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 13 29 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9755 13 30 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 13 31 common common JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 13 32 law law NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 13 33 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 13 34 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-9755 13 35 includes include VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9755 13 36 case case NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 13 37 law law NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 13 38 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 13 39 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 14 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 14 2 17 17 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 14 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 14 4 Constitutionality[edit constitutionality[edit CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 14 5 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 14 6 Where where WRB en-wikipedia-org-9755 14 7 Congress Congress NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 14 8 enacts enact VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9755 14 9 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 14 10 statute statute NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 14 11 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-9755 14 12 conflicts conflict VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9755 14 13 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 14 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 14 15 Constitution Constitution NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 14 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 14 17 state state NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 14 18 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-9755 14 19 federal federal JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 14 20 courts court NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 14 21 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-9755 14 22 rule rule VB en-wikipedia-org-9755 14 23 that that DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 14 24 law law NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 14 25 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-9755 14 26 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-9755 14 27 unconstitutional unconstitutional JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 14 28 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9755 14 29 declare declare VB en-wikipedia-org-9755 14 30 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-9755 14 31 invalid invalid JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 14 32 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 15 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 15 2 18 18 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 15 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 15 4 Notably notably RB en-wikipedia-org-9755 15 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 15 6 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 15 7 statute statute NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 15 8 does do VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9755 15 9 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-9755 15 10 automatically automatically RB en-wikipedia-org-9755 15 11 disappear disappear VB en-wikipedia-org-9755 15 12 merely merely RB en-wikipedia-org-9755 15 13 because because IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 15 14 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-9755 15 15 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9755 15 16 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-9755 15 17 found find VBN en-wikipedia-org-9755 15 18 unconstitutional unconstitutional JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 15 19 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-9755 15 20 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-9755 15 21 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-9755 15 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 15 23 however however RB en-wikipedia-org-9755 15 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 15 25 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-9755 15 26 deleted delete VBN en-wikipedia-org-9755 15 27 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 15 28 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 15 29 subsequent subsequent JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 15 30 statute statute NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 15 31 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 16 1 Many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 16 2 federal federal JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 16 3 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9755 16 4 state state NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 16 5 statutes statute NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 16 6 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-9755 16 7 remained remain VBN en-wikipedia-org-9755 16 8 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 16 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 16 10 books book NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 16 11 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 16 12 decades decade NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 16 13 after after IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 16 14 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-9755 16 15 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-9755 16 16 ruled rule VBN en-wikipedia-org-9755 16 17 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-9755 16 18 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-9755 16 19 unconstitutional unconstitutional JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 16 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 17 1 However however RB en-wikipedia-org-9755 17 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 17 3 under under IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 17 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 17 5 principle principle NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 17 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 17 7 stare stare NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 17 8 decisis decisis NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 17 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 17 10 no no DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 17 11 sensible sensible JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 17 12 lower low JJR en-wikipedia-org-9755 17 13 court court NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 17 14 will will MD en-wikipedia-org-9755 17 15 enforce enforce VB en-wikipedia-org-9755 17 16 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 17 17 unconstitutional unconstitutional JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 17 18 statute statute NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 17 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 17 20 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9755 17 21 any any DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 17 22 court court NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 17 23 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-9755 17 24 does do VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9755 17 25 so so RB en-wikipedia-org-9755 17 26 will will MD en-wikipedia-org-9755 17 27 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-9755 17 28 reversed reverse VBN en-wikipedia-org-9755 17 29 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 17 30 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 17 31 Supreme Supreme NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 17 32 Court Court NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 17 33 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 18 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 18 2 19 19 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 18 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 18 4 Conversely conversely RB en-wikipedia-org-9755 18 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 18 6 any any DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 18 7 court court NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 18 8 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-9755 18 9 refuses refuse VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9755 18 10 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-9755 18 11 enforce enforce VB en-wikipedia-org-9755 18 12 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 18 13 constitutional constitutional JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 18 14 statute statute NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 18 15 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 18 16 where where WRB en-wikipedia-org-9755 18 17 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 18 18 constitutionality constitutionality NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 18 19 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9755 18 20 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-9755 18 21 expressly expressly RB en-wikipedia-org-9755 18 22 established establish VBN en-wikipedia-org-9755 18 23 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 18 24 prior prior JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 18 25 cases case NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 18 26 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 18 27 will will MD en-wikipedia-org-9755 18 28 risk risk VB en-wikipedia-org-9755 18 29 reversal reversal NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 18 30 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 18 31 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 18 32 Supreme Supreme NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 18 33 Court Court NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 18 34 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 19 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 19 2 20][21 20][21 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 19 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 19 4 American american JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 19 5 common common JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 19 6 law[edit law[edit NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 19 7 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 19 8 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 19 9 United United NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 19 10 States States NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 19 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9755 19 12 most most JJS en-wikipedia-org-9755 19 13 Commonwealth Commonwealth NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 19 14 countries country NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 19 15 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-9755 19 16 heirs heir NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 19 17 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 19 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 19 19 common common JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 19 20 law law NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 19 21 legal legal JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 19 22 tradition tradition NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 19 23 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 19 24 English english JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 19 25 law law NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 19 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 20 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 20 2 22 22 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 20 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 20 4 Certain certain JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 20 5 practices practice NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 20 6 traditionally traditionally RB en-wikipedia-org-9755 20 7 allowed allow VBN en-wikipedia-org-9755 20 8 under under IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 20 9 English english JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 20 10 common common JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 20 11 law law NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 20 12 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-9755 20 13 expressly expressly RB en-wikipedia-org-9755 20 14 outlawed outlaw VBN en-wikipedia-org-9755 20 15 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 20 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 20 17 Constitution Constitution NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 20 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 20 19 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 20 20 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 20 21 bills bill NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 20 22 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 20 23 attainder[23 attainder[23 NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 20 24 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 20 25 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9755 20 26 general general JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 20 27 search search NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 20 28 warrants warrant NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 20 29 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 21 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 21 2 24 24 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 21 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 21 4 As as IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 21 5 common common JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 21 6 law law NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 21 7 courts court NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 21 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 21 9 U.S. U.S. NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 21 10 courts court NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 21 11 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-9755 21 12 inherited inherit VBN en-wikipedia-org-9755 21 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 21 14 principle principle NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 21 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 21 16 stare stare NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 21 17 decisis decisis NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 21 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 22 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 22 2 25 25 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 22 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 22 4 American american JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 22 5 judges judge NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 22 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 22 7 like like IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 22 8 common common JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 22 9 law law NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 22 10 judges judge NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 22 11 elsewhere elsewhere RB en-wikipedia-org-9755 22 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 22 13 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-9755 22 14 only only RB en-wikipedia-org-9755 22 15 apply apply VBP en-wikipedia-org-9755 22 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 22 17 law law NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 22 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 22 19 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-9755 22 20 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-9755 22 21 make make VBP en-wikipedia-org-9755 22 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 22 23 law law NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 22 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 22 25 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 22 26 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 22 27 extent extent NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 22 28 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 22 29 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-9755 22 30 decisions decision NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 22 31 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 22 32 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 22 33 cases case NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 22 34 before before IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 22 35 them -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-9755 22 36 become become VBP en-wikipedia-org-9755 22 37 precedent precedent NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 22 38 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 22 39 decisions decision NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 22 40 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 22 41 future future JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 22 42 cases case NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 22 43 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 23 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 23 2 26 26 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 23 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 23 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 23 5 actual actual JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 23 6 substance substance NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 23 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 23 8 English english JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 23 9 law law NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 23 10 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-9755 23 11 formally formally RB en-wikipedia-org-9755 23 12 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-9755 23 13 received receive VBN en-wikipedia-org-9755 23 14 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-9755 23 15 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 23 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 23 17 United United NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 23 18 States States NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 23 19 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 23 20 several several JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 23 21 ways way NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 23 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 24 1 First first RB en-wikipedia-org-9755 24 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 24 3 all all DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 24 4 U.S. U.S. NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 24 5 states state NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 24 6 except except IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 24 7 Louisiana Louisiana NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 24 8 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-9755 24 9 enacted enact VBN en-wikipedia-org-9755 24 10 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-9755 24 11 reception reception NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 24 12 statutes statute NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 24 13 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-9755 24 14 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-9755 24 15 generally generally RB en-wikipedia-org-9755 24 16 state state VBP en-wikipedia-org-9755 24 17 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 24 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 24 19 common common JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 24 20 law law NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 24 21 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 24 22 England England NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 24 23 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 24 24 particularly particularly RB en-wikipedia-org-9755 24 25 judge judge NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 24 26 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9755 24 27 made make VBN en-wikipedia-org-9755 24 28 law law NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 24 29 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 24 30 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9755 24 31 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 24 32 law law NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 24 33 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 24 34 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 24 35 state state NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 24 36 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 24 37 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 24 38 extent extent NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 24 39 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 24 40 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-9755 24 41 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9755 24 42 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-9755 24 43 repugnant repugnant JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 24 44 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 24 45 domestic domestic JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 24 46 law law NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 24 47 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-9755 24 48 indigenous indigenous JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 24 49 conditions condition NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 24 50 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 25 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 25 2 27 27 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 25 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 25 4 Some some DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 25 5 reception reception NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 25 6 statutes statute NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 25 7 impose impose VBP en-wikipedia-org-9755 25 8 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 25 9 specific specific JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 25 10 cutoff cutoff NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 25 11 date date NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 25 12 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 25 13 reception reception NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 25 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 25 15 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 25 16 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 25 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 25 18 date date NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 25 19 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 25 20 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 25 21 colony colony NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 25 22 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-9755 25 23 founding founding NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 25 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 25 25 while while IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 25 26 others other NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 25 27 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-9755 25 28 deliberately deliberately RB en-wikipedia-org-9755 25 29 vague vague JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 25 30 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 26 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 26 2 28 28 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 26 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 26 4 Thus thus RB en-wikipedia-org-9755 26 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 26 6 contemporary contemporary JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 26 7 U.S. U.S. NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 26 8 courts court NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 26 9 often often RB en-wikipedia-org-9755 26 10 cite cite VBP en-wikipedia-org-9755 26 11 pre pre JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 26 12 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 26 13 Revolution revolution JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 26 14 cases case NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 26 15 when when WRB en-wikipedia-org-9755 26 16 discussing discuss VBG en-wikipedia-org-9755 26 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 26 18 evolution evolution NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 26 19 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 26 20 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 26 21 ancient ancient JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 26 22 judge judge NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 26 23 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9755 26 24 made make VBD en-wikipedia-org-9755 26 25 common common JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 26 26 law law NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 26 27 principle principle NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 26 28 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 26 29 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-9755 26 30 modern modern JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 26 31 form,[28 form,[28 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 26 32 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 26 33 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 26 34 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 26 35 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 26 36 heightened heighten VBN en-wikipedia-org-9755 26 37 duty duty NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 26 38 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 26 39 care care NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 26 40 traditionally traditionally RB en-wikipedia-org-9755 26 41 imposed impose VBN en-wikipedia-org-9755 26 42 upon upon IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 26 43 common common JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 26 44 carriers carrier NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 26 45 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 27 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 27 2 29 29 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 27 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 27 4 Second second NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 27 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 27 6 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 27 7 small small JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 27 8 number number NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 27 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 27 10 important important JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 27 11 British british JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 27 12 statutes statute NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 27 13 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 27 14 effect effect NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 27 15 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 27 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 27 17 time time NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 27 18 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 27 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 27 20 Revolution Revolution NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 27 21 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-9755 27 22 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-9755 27 23 independently independently RB en-wikipedia-org-9755 27 24 reenacted reenact VBN en-wikipedia-org-9755 27 25 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 27 26 U.S. U.S. NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 27 27 states state NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 27 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 28 1 Two two CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 28 2 examples example NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 28 3 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-9755 28 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 28 5 Statute Statute NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 28 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 28 7 Frauds Frauds NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 28 8 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 28 9 still still RB en-wikipedia-org-9755 28 10 widely widely RB en-wikipedia-org-9755 28 11 known know VBN en-wikipedia-org-9755 28 12 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 28 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 28 14 U.S. U.S. NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 28 15 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 28 16 that that DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 28 17 name name NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 28 18 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 28 19 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9755 28 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 28 21 Statute Statute NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 28 22 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 28 23 13 13 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 28 24 Elizabeth Elizabeth NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 28 25 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 28 26 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 28 27 ancestor ancestor NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 28 28 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 28 29 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 28 30 Uniform Uniform NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 28 31 Fraudulent Fraudulent NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 28 32 Transfer Transfer NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 28 33 Act Act NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 28 34 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 28 35 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 29 1 Such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 29 2 English english JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 29 3 statutes statute NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 29 4 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-9755 29 5 still still RB en-wikipedia-org-9755 29 6 regularly regularly RB en-wikipedia-org-9755 29 7 cited cite VBN en-wikipedia-org-9755 29 8 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 29 9 contemporary contemporary JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 29 10 American american JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 29 11 cases case NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 29 12 interpreting interpret VBG en-wikipedia-org-9755 29 13 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-9755 29 14 modern modern JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 29 15 American american JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 29 16 descendants descendant NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 29 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 30 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 30 2 30 30 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 30 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 30 4 Despite despite IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 30 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 30 6 presence presence NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 30 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 30 8 reception reception NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 30 9 statutes statute NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 30 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 30 11 much much JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 30 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 30 13 contemporary contemporary JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 30 14 American american JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 30 15 common common JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 30 16 law law NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 30 17 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9755 30 18 diverged diverge VBN en-wikipedia-org-9755 30 19 significantly significantly RB en-wikipedia-org-9755 30 20 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 30 21 English english JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 30 22 common common JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 30 23 law law NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 30 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 31 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 31 2 31 31 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 31 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 31 4 Although although IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 31 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 31 6 courts court NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 31 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 31 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 31 9 various various JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 31 10 Commonwealth Commonwealth NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 31 11 nations nation NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 31 12 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-9755 31 13 often often RB en-wikipedia-org-9755 31 14 influenced influence VBN en-wikipedia-org-9755 31 15 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 31 16 each each DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 31 17 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 31 18 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-9755 31 19 rulings ruling NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 31 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 31 21 American american JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 31 22 courts court NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 31 23 rarely rarely RB en-wikipedia-org-9755 31 24 follow follow VBP en-wikipedia-org-9755 31 25 post post JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 31 26 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 31 27 Revolution revolution JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 31 28 precedents precedent NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 31 29 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 31 30 England England NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 31 31 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-9755 31 32 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 31 33 British British NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 31 34 Commonwealth Commonwealth NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 31 35 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 32 1 Early early RB en-wikipedia-org-9755 32 2 on on RB en-wikipedia-org-9755 32 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 32 4 American american JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 32 5 courts court NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 32 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 32 7 even even RB en-wikipedia-org-9755 32 8 after after IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 32 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 32 10 Revolution Revolution NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 32 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 32 12 often often RB en-wikipedia-org-9755 32 13 did do VBD en-wikipedia-org-9755 32 14 cite cite VB en-wikipedia-org-9755 32 15 contemporary contemporary JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 32 16 English english JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 32 17 cases case NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 32 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 32 19 because because IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 32 20 appellate appellate JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 32 21 decisions decision NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 32 22 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 32 23 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 32 24 American american JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 32 25 courts court NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 32 26 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-9755 32 27 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-9755 32 28 regularly regularly RB en-wikipedia-org-9755 32 29 reported report VBN en-wikipedia-org-9755 32 30 until until IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 32 31 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 32 32 mid-19th mid-19th JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 32 33 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 32 34 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 33 1 Lawyers lawyer NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 33 2 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9755 33 3 judges judge NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 33 4 used use VBD en-wikipedia-org-9755 33 5 English english JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 33 6 legal legal JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 33 7 materials material NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 33 8 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-9755 33 9 fill fill VB en-wikipedia-org-9755 33 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 33 11 gap gap NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 33 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 34 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 34 2 32 32 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 34 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 34 4 Citations citation NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 34 5 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 34 6 English english JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 34 7 decisions decision NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 34 8 gradually gradually RB en-wikipedia-org-9755 34 9 disappeared disappear VBD en-wikipedia-org-9755 34 10 during during IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 34 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 34 12 19th 19th JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 34 13 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 34 14 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 34 15 American american JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 34 16 courts court NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 34 17 developed develop VBD en-wikipedia-org-9755 34 18 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-9755 34 19 own own JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 34 20 principles principle NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 34 21 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-9755 34 22 resolve resolve VB en-wikipedia-org-9755 34 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 34 24 legal legal JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 34 25 problems problem NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 34 26 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 34 27 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 34 28 American american JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 34 29 people people NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 34 30 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 35 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 35 2 33 33 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 35 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 35 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 35 5 number number NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 35 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 35 7 published publish VBN en-wikipedia-org-9755 35 8 volumes volume NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 35 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 35 10 American american JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 35 11 reports report NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 35 12 soared soar VBD en-wikipedia-org-9755 35 13 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 35 14 eighteen eighteen CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 35 15 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 35 16 1810 1810 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 35 17 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 35 18 over over IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 35 19 8,000 8,000 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 35 20 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 35 21 1910 1910 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 35 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 36 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 36 2 34 34 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 36 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 36 4 By by IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 36 5 1879 1879 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 36 6 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 36 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 36 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 36 9 delegates delegate NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 36 10 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 36 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 36 12 California California NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 36 13 constitutional constitutional JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 36 14 convention convention NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 36 15 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-9755 36 16 already already RB en-wikipedia-org-9755 36 17 complaining complain VBG en-wikipedia-org-9755 36 18 : : : en-wikipedia-org-9755 36 19 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-9755 36 20 Now now RB en-wikipedia-org-9755 36 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 36 22 when when WRB en-wikipedia-org-9755 36 23 we -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-9755 36 24 require require VBP en-wikipedia-org-9755 36 25 them -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-9755 36 26 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-9755 36 27 state state VB en-wikipedia-org-9755 36 28 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 36 29 reasons reason NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 36 30 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 36 31 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 36 32 decision decision NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 36 33 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 36 34 we -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-9755 36 35 do do VBP en-wikipedia-org-9755 36 36 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-9755 36 37 mean mean VB en-wikipedia-org-9755 36 38 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-9755 36 39 shall shall MD en-wikipedia-org-9755 36 40 write write VB en-wikipedia-org-9755 36 41 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 36 42 hundred hundred CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 36 43 pages page NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 36 44 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 36 45 detail detail NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 36 46 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 37 1 We -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-9755 37 2 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 37 3 do do VBP en-wikipedia-org-9755 37 4 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 37 5 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-9755 37 6 mean mean VB en-wikipedia-org-9755 37 7 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 37 8 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-9755 37 9 shall shall MD en-wikipedia-org-9755 37 10 include include VB en-wikipedia-org-9755 37 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 37 12 small small JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 37 13 cases case NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 37 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 37 15 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9755 37 16 impose impose VB en-wikipedia-org-9755 37 17 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 37 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 37 19 country country NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 37 20 all all PDT en-wikipedia-org-9755 37 21 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 37 22 fine fine JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 37 23 judicial judicial JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 37 24 literature literature NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 37 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 37 26 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 37 27 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 37 28 Lord Lord NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 37 29 knows know VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9755 37 30 we -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-9755 37 31 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-9755 37 32 got get VBN en-wikipedia-org-9755 37 33 enough enough JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 37 34 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 37 35 that that DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 37 36 already already RB en-wikipedia-org-9755 37 37 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 38 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-9755 38 2 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 38 3 35][36 35][36 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 38 4 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 38 5 Today today NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 38 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 38 7 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 38 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 38 9 words word NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 38 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 38 11 Stanford Stanford NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 38 12 law law NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 38 13 professor professor NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 38 14 Lawrence Lawrence NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 38 15 M. M. NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 38 16 Friedman Friedman NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 38 17 : : : en-wikipedia-org-9755 38 18 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-9755 38 19 American american JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 38 20 cases case NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 38 21 rarely rarely RB en-wikipedia-org-9755 38 22 cite cite VBP en-wikipedia-org-9755 38 23 foreign foreign JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 38 24 materials material NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 38 25 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 39 1 Courts court NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 39 2 occasionally occasionally RB en-wikipedia-org-9755 39 3 cite cite VBP en-wikipedia-org-9755 39 4 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 39 5 British british JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 39 6 classic classic NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 39 7 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-9755 39 8 two two CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 39 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 39 10 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 39 11 famous famous JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 39 12 old old JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 39 13 case case NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 39 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 39 15 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-9755 39 16 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 39 17 nod nod NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 39 18 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 39 19 Blackstone Blackstone NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 39 20 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-9755 39 21 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-9755 39 22 current current JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 39 23 British british JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 39 24 law law NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 39 25 almost almost RB en-wikipedia-org-9755 39 26 never never RB en-wikipedia-org-9755 39 27 gets get VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9755 39 28 any any DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 39 29 mention mention NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 39 30 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 40 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-9755 40 2 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 40 3 37 37 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 40 4 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 40 5 Foreign foreign JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 40 6 law law NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 40 7 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9755 40 8 never never RB en-wikipedia-org-9755 40 9 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-9755 40 10 cited cite VBN en-wikipedia-org-9755 40 11 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 40 12 binding bind VBG en-wikipedia-org-9755 40 13 precedent precedent NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 40 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 40 15 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-9755 40 16 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 40 17 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 40 18 reflection reflection NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 40 19 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 40 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 40 21 shared shared JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 40 22 values value NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 40 23 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 40 24 Anglo anglo JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 40 25 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9755 40 26 American american JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 40 27 civilization civilization NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 40 28 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-9755 40 29 even even RB en-wikipedia-org-9755 40 30 Western western JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 40 31 civilization civilization NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 40 32 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 40 33 general general NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 40 34 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 41 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 41 2 38 38 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 41 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 41 4 Levels level NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 41 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 41 6 law[edit law[edit NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 41 7 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 41 8 Federal Federal NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 41 9 law[edit law[edit NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 41 10 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 41 11 Federal federal JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 41 12 law law NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 41 13 originates originate VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9755 41 14 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 41 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 41 16 Constitution Constitution NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 41 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 41 18 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-9755 41 19 gives give VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9755 41 20 Congress Congress NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 41 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 41 22 power power NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 41 23 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-9755 41 24 enact enact VB en-wikipedia-org-9755 41 25 statutes statute NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 41 26 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 41 27 certain certain JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 41 28 limited limited JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 41 29 purposes purpose NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 41 30 like like IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 41 31 regulating regulate VBG en-wikipedia-org-9755 41 32 interstate interstate NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 41 33 commerce commerce NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 41 34 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 42 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 42 2 United United NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 42 3 States States NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 42 4 Code Code NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 42 5 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9755 42 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 42 7 official official JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 42 8 compilation compilation NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 42 9 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9755 42 10 codification codification NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 42 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 42 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 42 13 general general JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 42 14 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9755 42 15 permanent permanent JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 42 16 federal federal JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 42 17 statutes statute NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 42 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 43 1 Many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 43 2 statutes statute NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 43 3 give give VBP en-wikipedia-org-9755 43 4 executive executive JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 43 5 branch branch NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 43 6 agencies agency NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 43 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 43 8 power power NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 43 9 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-9755 43 10 create create VB en-wikipedia-org-9755 43 11 regulations regulation NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 43 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 43 13 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-9755 43 14 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-9755 43 15 published publish VBN en-wikipedia-org-9755 43 16 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 43 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 43 18 Federal Federal NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 43 19 Register Register NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 43 20 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9755 43 21 codified codify VBD en-wikipedia-org-9755 43 22 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 43 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 43 24 Code Code NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 43 25 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 43 26 Federal Federal NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 43 27 Regulations Regulations NNPS en-wikipedia-org-9755 43 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 44 1 Regulations regulation NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 44 2 generally generally RB en-wikipedia-org-9755 44 3 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-9755 44 4 carry carry VBP en-wikipedia-org-9755 44 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 44 6 force force NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 44 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 44 8 law law NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 44 9 under under IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 44 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 44 11 Chevron Chevron NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 44 12 doctrine doctrine NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 44 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 45 1 Many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 45 2 lawsuits lawsuit NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 45 3 turn turn VBP en-wikipedia-org-9755 45 4 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 45 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 45 6 meaning meaning NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 45 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 45 8 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 45 9 federal federal JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 45 10 statute statute NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 45 11 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-9755 45 12 regulation regulation NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 45 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 45 14 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9755 45 15 judicial judicial JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 45 16 interpretations interpretation NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 45 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 45 18 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 45 19 meaning meaning NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 45 20 carry carry VBP en-wikipedia-org-9755 45 21 legal legal JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 45 22 force force NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 45 23 under under IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 45 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 45 25 principle principle NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 45 26 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 45 27 stare stare NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 45 28 decisis decisis NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 45 29 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 46 1 During during IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 46 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 46 3 18th 18th JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 46 4 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9755 46 5 19th 19th JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 46 6 centuries century NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 46 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 46 8 federal federal JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 46 9 law law NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 46 10 traditionally traditionally RB en-wikipedia-org-9755 46 11 focused focus VBD en-wikipedia-org-9755 46 12 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 46 13 areas area NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 46 14 where where WRB en-wikipedia-org-9755 46 15 there there EX en-wikipedia-org-9755 46 16 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-9755 46 17 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 46 18 express express JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 46 19 grant grant NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 46 20 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 46 21 power power NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 46 22 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 46 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 46 24 federal federal JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 46 25 government government NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 46 26 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 46 27 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 46 28 federal federal JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 46 29 Constitution Constitution NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 46 30 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 46 31 like like IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 46 32 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 46 33 military military NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 46 34 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 46 35 money money NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 46 36 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 46 37 foreign foreign JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 46 38 relations relation NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 46 39 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 46 40 especially especially RB en-wikipedia-org-9755 46 41 international international JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 46 42 treaties treaty NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 46 43 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 46 44 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 46 45 tariffs tariff NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 46 46 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 46 47 intellectual intellectual JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 46 48 property property NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 46 49 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 46 50 specifically specifically RB en-wikipedia-org-9755 46 51 patents patent NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 46 52 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9755 46 53 copyrights copyright NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 46 54 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 46 55 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 46 56 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9755 46 57 mail mail NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 46 58 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 47 1 Since since IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 47 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 47 3 start start NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 47 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 47 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 47 6 20th 20th JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 47 7 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 47 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 47 9 broad broad JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 47 10 interpretations interpretation NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 47 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 47 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 47 13 Commerce Commerce NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 47 14 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9755 47 15 Spending Spending NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 47 16 Clauses clause NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 47 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 47 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 47 19 Constitution Constitution NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 47 20 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-9755 47 21 enabled enable VBN en-wikipedia-org-9755 47 22 federal federal JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 47 23 law law NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 47 24 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-9755 47 25 expand expand VB en-wikipedia-org-9755 47 26 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 47 27 areas area NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 47 28 like like IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 47 29 aviation aviation NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 47 30 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 47 31 telecommunications telecommunication NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 47 32 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 47 33 railroads railroad NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 47 34 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 47 35 pharmaceuticals pharmaceutical NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 47 36 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 47 37 antitrust antitrust JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 47 38 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 47 39 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9755 47 40 trademarks trademark NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 47 41 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 48 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 48 2 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 48 3 areas area NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 48 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 48 5 like like IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 48 6 aviation aviation NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 48 7 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9755 48 8 railroads railroad NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 48 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 48 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 48 11 federal federal JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 48 12 government government NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 48 13 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9755 48 14 developed develop VBN en-wikipedia-org-9755 48 15 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 48 16 comprehensive comprehensive JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 48 17 scheme scheme NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 48 18 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-9755 48 19 preempts preempt VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9755 48 20 virtually virtually RB en-wikipedia-org-9755 48 21 all all DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 48 22 state state NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 48 23 law law NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 48 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 48 25 while while IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 48 26 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 48 27 others other NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 48 28 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 48 29 like like IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 48 30 family family NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 48 31 law law NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 48 32 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 48 33 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 48 34 relatively relatively RB en-wikipedia-org-9755 48 35 small small JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 48 36 number number NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 48 37 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 48 38 federal federal JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 48 39 statutes statute NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 48 40 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 48 41 generally generally RB en-wikipedia-org-9755 48 42 covering cover VBG en-wikipedia-org-9755 48 43 interstate interstate JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 48 44 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9755 48 45 international international JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 48 46 situations situation NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 48 47 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 48 48 interacts interact VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9755 48 49 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 48 50 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 48 51 much much RB en-wikipedia-org-9755 48 52 larger large JJR en-wikipedia-org-9755 48 53 body body NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 48 54 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 48 55 state state NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 48 56 law law NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 48 57 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 49 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 49 2 areas area NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 49 3 like like IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 49 4 antitrust antitrust JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 49 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 49 6 trademark trademark NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 49 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 49 8 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9755 49 9 employment employment NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 49 10 law law NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 49 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 49 12 there there EX en-wikipedia-org-9755 49 13 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-9755 49 14 powerful powerful JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 49 15 laws law NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 49 16 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 49 17 both both CC en-wikipedia-org-9755 49 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 49 19 federal federal JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 49 20 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9755 49 21 state state NN 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them -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-9755 50 18 as as RB en-wikipedia-org-9755 50 19 long long RB en-wikipedia-org-9755 50 20 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 50 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 50 22 states state NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 50 23 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-9755 50 24 laws law NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 50 25 regulating regulate VBG en-wikipedia-org-9755 50 26 them -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-9755 50 27 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 50 28 see see VB en-wikipedia-org-9755 50 29 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 50 30 e.g. e.g. RB en-wikipedia-org-9755 50 31 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 50 32 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 50 33 McCarran McCarran NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 50 34 – – : en-wikipedia-org-9755 50 35 Ferguson Ferguson NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 50 36 Act Act NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 50 37 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 50 38 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 51 1 Statutes[edit statutes[edit LS en-wikipedia-org-9755 51 2 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 51 3 Main main JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 51 4 article article NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 51 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-9755 51 6 United United NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 51 7 States States NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 51 8 Code Code NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 51 9 Further further JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 51 10 information information NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 51 11 : : : en-wikipedia-org-9755 51 12 United United NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 51 13 States States NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 51 14 Statutes Statutes NNPS en-wikipedia-org-9755 51 15 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 51 16 Large Large NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 51 17 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9755 51 18 List List NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 51 19 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 51 20 United United NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 51 21 States States NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 51 22 federal federal JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 51 23 legislation legislation NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 51 24 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 51 25 United United NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 51 26 States States NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 51 27 Code Code NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 51 28 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 51 29 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 51 30 codification codification NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 51 31 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 51 32 federal federal JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 51 33 statutory statutory JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 51 34 law law NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 51 35 After after IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 51 36 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 51 37 president president NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 51 38 signs sign VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9755 51 39 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 51 40 bill bill NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 51 41 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 51 42 law law NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 51 43 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 51 44 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-9755 51 45 Congress Congress NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 51 46 enacts enact VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9755 51 47 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-9755 51 48 over over IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 51 49 her -PRON- PRP 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en-wikipedia-org-9755 52 4 Public public JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 52 5 laws law NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 52 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 52 7 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-9755 52 8 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-9755 52 9 private private JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 52 10 laws law NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 52 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 52 12 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-9755 52 13 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-9755 52 14 given give VBN en-wikipedia-org-9755 52 15 legal legal JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 52 16 statutory statutory JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 52 17 citation citation NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 52 18 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 52 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 52 20 OFR OFR NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 52 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 53 1 At at IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 53 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 53 3 end end NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 53 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 53 5 each each DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 53 6 session session NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 53 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 53 8 Congress Congress NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 53 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 53 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 53 11 slip slip NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 53 12 laws law NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 53 13 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-9755 53 14 compiled compile VBN en-wikipedia-org-9755 53 15 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 53 16 bound bind VBN en-wikipedia-org-9755 53 17 volumes volume NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 53 18 called call VBN en-wikipedia-org-9755 53 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 53 20 United United NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 53 21 States States NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 53 22 Statutes Statutes NNPS en-wikipedia-org-9755 53 23 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 53 24 Large large JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 53 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 53 26 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9755 53 27 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-9755 53 28 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-9755 53 29 known know VBN en-wikipedia-org-9755 53 30 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 53 31 session session NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 53 32 laws law NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 53 33 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 54 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 54 2 Statutes statute NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 54 3 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 54 4 Large large JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 54 5 present present NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 54 6 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 54 7 chronological chronological JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 54 8 arrangement arrangement NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 54 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 54 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 54 11 laws law NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 54 12 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 54 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 54 14 exact exact JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 54 15 order order NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 54 16 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 54 17 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-9755 54 18 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-9755 54 19 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-9755 54 20 enacted enact VBN en-wikipedia-org-9755 54 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 55 1 Public public JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 55 2 laws law NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 55 3 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-9755 55 4 incorporated incorporate VBN en-wikipedia-org-9755 55 5 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 55 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 55 7 United United NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 55 8 States States NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 55 9 Code Code NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 55 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 55 11 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-9755 55 12 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9755 55 13 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 55 14 codification codification NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 55 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 55 16 all all DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 55 17 general general JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 55 18 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9755 55 19 permanent permanent JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 55 20 laws law NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 55 21 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 55 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 55 23 United United NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 55 24 States States NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 55 25 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 56 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 56 2 main main JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 56 3 edition edition NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 56 4 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9755 56 5 published publish VBN en-wikipedia-org-9755 56 6 every every DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 56 7 six six CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 56 8 years year NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 56 9 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 56 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 56 11 Office Office NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 56 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 56 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 56 14 Law Law NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 56 15 Revision Revision NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 56 16 Counsel Counsel NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 56 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 56 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 56 19 House House NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 56 20 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 56 21 Representatives Representatives NNPS en-wikipedia-org-9755 56 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 56 23 and and CC 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status status NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 57 19 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 57 20 laws law NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 57 21 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 57 22 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 57 23 amendments amendment NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 57 24 already already RB en-wikipedia-org-9755 57 25 incorporated incorporate VBN en-wikipedia-org-9755 57 26 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 57 27 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 57 28 text text NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 57 29 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 57 30 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-9755 57 31 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-9755 57 32 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-9755 57 33 amended amend VBN en-wikipedia-org-9755 57 34 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 57 35 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 57 36 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-9755 57 37 more more JJR en-wikipedia-org-9755 57 38 occasions occasion NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 57 39 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 58 1 Regulations[edit regulations[edit LS en-wikipedia-org-9755 58 2 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 58 3 Main main JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 58 4 article article NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 58 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-9755 58 6 Code Code NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 58 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 58 8 Federal Federal NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 58 9 Regulations Regulations NNPS en-wikipedia-org-9755 58 10 Further further JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 58 11 information information NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 58 12 : : : en-wikipedia-org-9755 58 13 Federal Federal NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 58 14 Register Register NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 58 15 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 58 16 Code Code NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 58 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 58 18 Federal Federal NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 58 19 Regulations Regulations NNPS en-wikipedia-org-9755 58 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 58 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 58 22 codification codification NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 58 23 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 58 24 federal federal JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 58 25 administrative administrative JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 58 26 law law NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 58 27 Congress Congress NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 58 28 often often RB en-wikipedia-org-9755 58 29 enacts enact VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9755 58 30 statutes statute NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 58 31 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-9755 58 32 grant grant VBP en-wikipedia-org-9755 58 33 broad broad JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 58 34 rulemaking rulemaking NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 58 35 authority authority NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 58 36 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 58 37 federal federal JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 58 38 agencies agency NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 58 39 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 59 1 Often often RB en-wikipedia-org-9755 59 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 59 3 Congress Congress NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 59 4 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9755 59 5 simply simply RB en-wikipedia-org-9755 59 6 too too RB en-wikipedia-org-9755 59 7 gridlocked gridlocked JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 59 8 to to TO 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specialists specialist NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 59 32 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-9755 59 33 best best RB en-wikipedia-org-9755 59 34 equipped equip VBN en-wikipedia-org-9755 59 35 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-9755 59 36 deal deal VB en-wikipedia-org-9755 59 37 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 59 38 particular particular JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 59 39 fact fact NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 59 40 situations situation NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 59 41 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 59 42 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-9755 59 43 arise arise VBP en-wikipedia-org-9755 59 44 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 60 1 Therefore therefore RB en-wikipedia-org-9755 60 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 60 3 federal federal JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 60 4 agencies agency NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 60 5 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-9755 60 6 authorized authorize VBN en-wikipedia-org-9755 60 7 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-9755 60 8 promulgate promulgate VB en-wikipedia-org-9755 60 9 regulations regulation NNS 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. en-wikipedia-org-9755 66 1 Eventually eventually RB en-wikipedia-org-9755 66 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 66 3 after after IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 66 4 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 66 5 period period NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 66 6 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 66 7 public public JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 66 8 comment comment NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 66 9 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9755 66 10 revisions revision NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 66 11 based base VBN en-wikipedia-org-9755 66 12 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 66 13 comments comment NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 66 14 received receive VBN en-wikipedia-org-9755 66 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 66 16 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 66 17 final final JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 66 18 version version NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 66 19 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9755 66 20 published publish VBN en-wikipedia-org-9755 66 21 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 66 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 66 23 Federal Federal NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 66 24 Register Register NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 66 25 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 67 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 67 2 regulations regulation NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 67 3 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-9755 67 4 codified codify VBN en-wikipedia-org-9755 67 5 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9755 67 6 incorporated incorporate VBN en-wikipedia-org-9755 67 7 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 67 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 67 9 Code Code NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 67 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 67 11 Federal Federal NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 67 12 Regulations Regulations NNPS en-wikipedia-org-9755 67 13 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 67 14 CFR CFR NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 67 15 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 67 16 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-9755 67 17 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9755 67 18 published publish VBN en-wikipedia-org-9755 67 19 once once RB en-wikipedia-org-9755 67 20 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 67 21 year year NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 67 22 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 67 23 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 67 24 rolling rolling JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 67 25 schedule schedule NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 67 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 68 1 Besides besides IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 68 2 regulations regulation NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 68 3 formally formally RB en-wikipedia-org-9755 68 4 promulgated promulgate VBD en-wikipedia-org-9755 68 5 under under IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 68 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 68 7 APA apa NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 68 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 68 9 federal federal JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 68 10 agencies agency NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 68 11 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-9755 68 12 frequently frequently RB en-wikipedia-org-9755 68 13 promulgate promulgate VBP en-wikipedia-org-9755 68 14 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 68 15 enormous enormous JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 68 16 amount amount NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 68 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 68 18 forms form NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 68 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 68 20 manuals manual NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 68 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 68 22 policy policy NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 68 23 statements statement NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 68 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 68 25 letters letter NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 68 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 68 27 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9755 68 28 rulings ruling NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 68 29 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 69 1 These these DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 69 2 documents document NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 69 3 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-9755 69 4 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-9755 69 5 considered consider VBN en-wikipedia-org-9755 69 6 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 69 7 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 69 8 court court NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 69 9 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 69 10 persuasive persuasive JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 69 11 authority authority NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 69 12 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 69 13 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 69 14 how how WRB en-wikipedia-org-9755 69 15 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 69 16 particular particular JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 69 17 statute statute NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 69 18 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-9755 69 19 regulation regulation NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 69 20 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-9755 69 21 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-9755 69 22 interpreted interpret VBN en-wikipedia-org-9755 69 23 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 69 24 known know VBN en-wikipedia-org-9755 69 25 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 69 26 Skidmore Skidmore NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 69 27 deference deference NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 69 28 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 69 29 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 69 30 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-9755 69 31 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-9755 69 32 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-9755 69 33 entitled entitle VBN en-wikipedia-org-9755 69 34 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 69 35 Chevron Chevron NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 69 36 deference deference NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 69 37 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 70 1 Common common JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 70 2 law law NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 70 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 70 4 case case NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 70 5 law law NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 70 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 70 7 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9755 70 8 precedent[edit precedent[edit LS en-wikipedia-org-9755 70 9 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 70 10 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 70 11 United United NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 70 12 States States NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 70 13 Reports Reports NNPS en-wikipedia-org-9755 70 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 70 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 70 16 official official JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 70 17 reporter reporter NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 70 18 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 70 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 70 20 Supreme Supreme NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 70 21 Court Court NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 70 22 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 70 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 70 24 United United NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 70 25 States States NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 70 26 Further further JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 70 27 information information NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 70 28 : : : en-wikipedia-org-9755 70 29 United United NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 70 30 States States NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 70 31 Reports Reports NNPS en-wikipedia-org-9755 70 32 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9755 70 33 National National NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 70 34 Reporter Reporter NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 70 35 System System NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 70 36 Unlike unlike IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 70 37 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 70 38 situation situation NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 70 39 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 70 40 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 70 41 states state NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 70 42 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 70 43 there there EX en-wikipedia-org-9755 70 44 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9755 70 45 no no DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 70 46 plenary plenary JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 70 47 reception reception NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 70 48 statute statute NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 70 49 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 70 50 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 70 51 federal federal JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 70 52 level level NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 70 53 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-9755 70 54 continued continue VBD en-wikipedia-org-9755 70 55 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 70 56 common common JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 70 57 law law NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 70 58 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9755 70 59 thereby thereby RB en-wikipedia-org-9755 70 60 granted grant VBN en-wikipedia-org-9755 70 61 federal federal JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 70 62 courts court NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 70 63 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 70 64 power power NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 70 65 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-9755 70 66 formulate formulate VB en-wikipedia-org-9755 70 67 legal legal JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 70 68 precedent precedent NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 70 69 like like IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 70 70 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-9755 70 71 English english JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 70 72 predecessors predecessor NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 70 73 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 71 1 Federal federal JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 71 2 courts court NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 71 3 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-9755 71 4 solely solely RB en-wikipedia-org-9755 71 5 creatures creature NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 71 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 71 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 71 8 federal federal JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 71 9 Constitution Constitution NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 71 10 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9755 71 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 71 12 federal federal JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 71 13 Judiciary Judiciary NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 71 14 Acts Acts NNPS en-wikipedia-org-9755 71 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 72 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 72 2 42 42 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 72 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 72 4 However however RB en-wikipedia-org-9755 72 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 72 6 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-9755 72 7 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9755 72 8 universally universally RB en-wikipedia-org-9755 72 9 accepted accept VBN en-wikipedia-org-9755 72 10 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 72 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 72 12 Founding found VBG en-wikipedia-org-9755 72 13 Fathers Fathers NNPS en-wikipedia-org-9755 72 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 72 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 72 16 United United NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 72 17 States States NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 72 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 72 19 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 72 20 vesting vest VBG en-wikipedia-org-9755 72 21 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-9755 72 22 judicial judicial JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 72 23 power power NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 72 24 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-9755 72 25 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 72 26 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 72 27 Supreme Supreme NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 72 28 Court Court NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 72 29 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9755 72 30 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 72 31 inferior inferior JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 72 32 federal federal JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 72 33 courts court NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 72 34 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 72 35 Article Article NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 72 36 Three three CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 72 37 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 72 38 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 72 39 United United NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 72 40 States States NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 72 41 Constitution Constitution NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 72 42 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 72 43 thereby thereby RB en-wikipedia-org-9755 72 44 vested vest VBN en-wikipedia-org-9755 72 45 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 72 46 them -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-9755 72 47 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 72 48 implied imply VBN en-wikipedia-org-9755 72 49 judicial judicial JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 72 50 power power NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 72 51 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 72 52 common common JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 72 53 law law NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 72 54 courts court NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 72 55 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-9755 72 56 formulate formulate VB en-wikipedia-org-9755 72 57 persuasive persuasive JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 72 58 precedent precedent NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 72 59 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-9755 72 60 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 72 61 power power NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 72 62 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-9755 72 63 widely widely RB en-wikipedia-org-9755 72 64 accepted accept VBN en-wikipedia-org-9755 72 65 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 72 66 understood understand VBD en-wikipedia-org-9755 72 67 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 72 68 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9755 72 69 recognized recognize VBN en-wikipedia-org-9755 72 70 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 72 71 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 72 72 Founding found VBG en-wikipedia-org-9755 72 73 Fathers father NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 72 74 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 72 75 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 72 76 time time NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 72 77 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 72 78 Constitution Constitution NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 72 79 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-9755 72 80 ratified ratify VBN en-wikipedia-org-9755 72 81 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 73 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 73 2 43 43 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 73 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 73 4 Several several JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 73 5 legal legal JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 73 6 scholars scholar NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 73 7 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-9755 73 8 argued argue VBN en-wikipedia-org-9755 73 9 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 73 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 73 11 federal federal JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 73 12 judicial judicial JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 73 13 power power NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 73 14 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-9755 73 15 decide decide VB en-wikipedia-org-9755 73 16 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-9755 73 17 cases case NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 73 18 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-9755 73 19 controversies controversy NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 73 20 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-9755 73 21 necessarily necessarily RB en-wikipedia-org-9755 73 22 includes include VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9755 73 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 73 24 power power NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 73 25 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-9755 73 26 decide decide VB en-wikipedia-org-9755 73 27 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 73 28 precedential precedential JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 73 29 effect effect NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 73 30 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 73 31 those those DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 73 32 cases case NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 73 33 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9755 73 34 controversies controversy NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 73 35 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 74 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 74 2 44 44 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 74 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 74 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 74 5 difficult difficult JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 74 6 question question NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 74 7 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9755 74 8 whether whether IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 74 9 federal federal JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 74 10 judicial judicial JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 74 11 power power NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 74 12 extends extend VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9755 74 13 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 74 14 formulating formulate VBG en-wikipedia-org-9755 74 15 binding bind VBG en-wikipedia-org-9755 74 16 precedent precedent NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 74 17 through through IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 74 18 strict strict JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 74 19 adherence adherence NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 74 20 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 74 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 74 22 rule rule NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 74 23 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 74 24 stare stare NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 74 25 decisis decisis NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 74 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 75 1 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 75 2 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9755 75 3 where where WRB en-wikipedia-org-9755 75 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 75 5 act act NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 75 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 75 7 deciding decide VBG en-wikipedia-org-9755 75 8 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 75 9 case case NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 75 10 becomes become VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9755 75 11 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 75 12 limited limited JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 75 13 form form NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 75 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 75 15 lawmaking lawmaking NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 75 16 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 75 17 itself -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-9755 75 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 75 19 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 75 20 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 75 21 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 75 22 appellate appellate JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 75 23 court court NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 75 24 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-9755 75 25 rulings ruling NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 75 26 will will MD en-wikipedia-org-9755 75 27 thereby thereby RB en-wikipedia-org-9755 75 28 bind bind VB en-wikipedia-org-9755 75 29 itself -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-9755 75 30 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9755 75 31 lower low JJR en-wikipedia-org-9755 75 32 courts court NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 75 33 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 75 34 future future JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 75 35 cases case NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 75 36 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 75 37 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9755 75 38 therefore therefore RB en-wikipedia-org-9755 75 39 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-9755 75 40 implicitly implicitly RB en-wikipedia-org-9755 75 41 binds bind VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9755 75 42 all all DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 75 43 persons person NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 75 44 within within IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 75 45 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 75 46 court court NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 75 47 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-9755 75 48 jurisdiction jurisdiction NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 75 49 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 75 50 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 76 1 Prior prior RB en-wikipedia-org-9755 76 2 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 76 3 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 76 4 major major JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 76 5 change change NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 76 6 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 76 7 federal federal JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 76 8 court court NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 76 9 rules rule NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 76 10 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 76 11 2007 2007 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 76 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 76 13 about about RB en-wikipedia-org-9755 76 14 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 76 15 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9755 76 16 fifth fifth NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 76 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 76 18 federal federal JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 76 19 appellate appellate JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 76 20 cases case NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 76 21 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-9755 76 22 published publish VBN en-wikipedia-org-9755 76 23 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9755 76 24 thereby thereby RB en-wikipedia-org-9755 76 25 became become VBD en-wikipedia-org-9755 76 26 binding binding JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 76 27 precedents precedent NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 76 28 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 76 29 while while IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 76 30 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 76 31 rest rest NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 76 32 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-9755 76 33 unpublished unpublished JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 76 34 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9755 76 35 bound bind VBN en-wikipedia-org-9755 76 36 only only RB en-wikipedia-org-9755 76 37 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 76 38 parties party NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 76 39 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 76 40 each each DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 76 41 case case NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 76 42 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 77 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 77 2 43 43 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 77 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 77 4 As as IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 77 5 federal federal JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 77 6 judge judge NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 77 7 Alex Alex NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 77 8 Kozinski Kozinski NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 77 9 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9755 77 10 pointed point VBN en-wikipedia-org-9755 77 11 out out RP en-wikipedia-org-9755 77 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 77 13 binding bind VBG en-wikipedia-org-9755 77 14 precedent precedent NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 77 15 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 77 16 we -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-9755 77 17 know know VBP en-wikipedia-org-9755 77 18 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-9755 77 19 today today NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 77 20 simply simply RB en-wikipedia-org-9755 77 21 did do VBD en-wikipedia-org-9755 77 22 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-9755 77 23 exist exist VB en-wikipedia-org-9755 77 24 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 77 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 77 26 time time NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 77 27 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 77 28 Constitution Constitution NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 77 29 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-9755 77 30 framed frame VBN en-wikipedia-org-9755 77 31 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 78 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 78 2 43 43 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 78 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 78 4 Judicial judicial JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 78 5 decisions decision NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 78 6 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-9755 78 7 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-9755 78 8 consistently consistently RB en-wikipedia-org-9755 78 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 78 10 accurately accurately RB en-wikipedia-org-9755 78 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 78 12 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9755 78 13 faithfully faithfully RB en-wikipedia-org-9755 78 14 reported report VBN en-wikipedia-org-9755 78 15 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 78 16 both both DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 78 17 sides side NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 78 18 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 78 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 78 20 Atlantic Atlantic NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 78 21 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 78 22 reporters reporter NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 78 23 often often RB en-wikipedia-org-9755 78 24 simply simply RB en-wikipedia-org-9755 78 25 rewrote rewrote VBP en-wikipedia-org-9755 78 26 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-9755 78 27 failed fail VBD en-wikipedia-org-9755 78 28 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-9755 78 29 publish publish VB en-wikipedia-org-9755 78 30 decisions decision NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 78 31 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-9755 78 32 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-9755 78 33 disliked dislike VBD en-wikipedia-org-9755 78 34 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 78 35 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 78 36 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9755 78 37 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 78 38 United United NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 78 39 Kingdom Kingdom NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 78 40 lacked lack VBD en-wikipedia-org-9755 78 41 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 78 42 coherent coherent JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 78 43 court court NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 78 44 hierarchy hierarchy NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 78 45 prior prior RB en-wikipedia-org-9755 78 46 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 78 47 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 78 48 end end NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 78 49 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 78 50 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 78 51 19th 19th JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 78 52 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 78 53 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 79 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 79 2 43 43 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 79 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 79 4 Furthermore furthermore RB en-wikipedia-org-9755 79 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 79 6 English english JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 79 7 judges judge NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 79 8 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 79 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 79 10 eighteenth eighteenth JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 79 11 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 79 12 subscribed subscribe VBN en-wikipedia-org-9755 79 13 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 79 14 now now RB en-wikipedia-org-9755 79 15 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9755 79 16 obsolete obsolete JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 79 17 natural natural JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 79 18 law law NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 79 19 theories theory NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 79 20 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 79 21 law law NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 79 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 79 23 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 79 24 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-9755 79 25 law law NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 79 26 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-9755 79 27 believed believe VBN en-wikipedia-org-9755 79 28 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-9755 79 29 have have VB en-wikipedia-org-9755 79 30 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 79 31 existence existence NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 79 32 independent independent JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 79 33 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 79 34 what what WDT en-wikipedia-org-9755 79 35 individual individual JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 79 36 judges judge NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 79 37 said say VBD en-wikipedia-org-9755 79 38 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 80 1 Judges judge NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 80 2 saw see VBD en-wikipedia-org-9755 80 3 themselves -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-9755 80 4 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 80 5 merely merely RB en-wikipedia-org-9755 80 6 declaring declare VBG en-wikipedia-org-9755 80 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 80 8 law law NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 80 9 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-9755 80 10 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-9755 80 11 always always RB en-wikipedia-org-9755 80 12 theoretically theoretically RB en-wikipedia-org-9755 80 13 existed exist VBN en-wikipedia-org-9755 80 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 80 15 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9755 80 16 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-9755 80 17 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 80 18 making make VBG en-wikipedia-org-9755 80 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 80 20 law law NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 80 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 81 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 81 2 43 43 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 81 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 81 4 Therefore therefore RB en-wikipedia-org-9755 81 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 81 6 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 81 7 judge judge NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 81 8 could could MD en-wikipedia-org-9755 81 9 reject reject VB en-wikipedia-org-9755 81 10 another another DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 81 11 judge judge NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 81 12 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-9755 81 13 opinion opinion NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 81 14 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 81 15 simply simply RB en-wikipedia-org-9755 81 16 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 81 17 incorrect incorrect JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 81 18 statement statement NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 81 19 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 81 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 81 21 law law NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 81 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 81 23 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 81 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 81 25 way way NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 81 26 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-9755 81 27 scientists scientist NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 81 28 regularly regularly RB en-wikipedia-org-9755 81 29 reject reject VBP en-wikipedia-org-9755 81 30 each each DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 81 31 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 81 32 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-9755 81 33 conclusions conclusion NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 81 34 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 81 35 incorrect incorrect JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 81 36 statements statement NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 81 37 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 81 38 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 81 39 laws law NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 81 40 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 81 41 science science NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 81 42 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 82 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 82 2 43 43 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 82 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 82 4 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 82 5 turn turn NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 82 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 82 7 according accord VBG en-wikipedia-org-9755 82 8 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 82 9 Kozinski Kozinski NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 82 10 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-9755 82 11 analysis analysis NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 82 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 82 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 82 14 contemporary contemporary JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 82 15 rule rule NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 82 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 82 17 binding bind VBG en-wikipedia-org-9755 82 18 precedent precedent NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 82 19 became become VBD en-wikipedia-org-9755 82 20 possible possible JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 82 21 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 82 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 82 23 U.S. U.S. NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 82 24 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 82 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 82 26 nineteenth nineteenth JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 82 27 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 82 28 only only RB en-wikipedia-org-9755 82 29 after after IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 82 30 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 82 31 creation creation NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 82 32 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 82 33 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 82 34 clear clear JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 82 35 court court NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 82 36 hierarchy hierarchy NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 82 37 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 82 38 under under IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 82 39 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 82 40 Judiciary Judiciary NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 82 41 Acts Acts NNPS en-wikipedia-org-9755 82 42 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 82 43 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 82 44 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9755 82 45 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 82 46 beginning beginning NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 82 47 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 82 48 regular regular JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 82 49 verbatim verbatim JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 82 50 publication publication NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 82 51 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 82 52 U.S. U.S. NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 82 53 appellate appellate JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 82 54 decisions decision NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 82 55 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 82 56 West West NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 82 57 Publishing Publishing NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 82 58 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 83 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 83 2 43 43 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 83 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 83 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 83 5 rule rule NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 83 6 gradually gradually RB en-wikipedia-org-9755 83 7 developed develop VBD en-wikipedia-org-9755 83 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 83 9 case case NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 83 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9755 83 11 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 83 12 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9755 83 13 case case NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 83 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 83 15 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 83 16 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 83 17 extension extension NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 83 18 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 83 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 83 20 judiciary judiciary NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 83 21 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-9755 83 22 public public JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 83 23 policy policy NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 83 24 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 83 25 effective effective JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 83 26 judicial judicial JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 83 27 administration administration NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 83 28 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 83 29 that that RB en-wikipedia-org-9755 83 30 is is RB en-wikipedia-org-9755 83 31 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 83 32 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 83 33 order order NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 83 34 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-9755 83 35 efficiently efficiently RB en-wikipedia-org-9755 83 36 exercise exercise VB en-wikipedia-org-9755 83 37 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 83 38 judicial judicial JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 83 39 power power NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 83 40 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 83 41 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 84 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 84 2 43 43 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 84 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 84 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 84 5 rule rule NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 84 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 84 7 binding bind VBG en-wikipedia-org-9755 84 8 precedent precedent NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 84 9 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9755 84 10 generally generally RB en-wikipedia-org-9755 84 11 justified justify VBN en-wikipedia-org-9755 84 12 today today NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 84 13 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 84 14 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 84 15 matter matter NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 84 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 84 17 public public JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 84 18 policy policy NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 84 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 84 20 first first RB en-wikipedia-org-9755 84 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 84 22 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 84 23 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 84 24 matter matter NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 84 25 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 84 26 fundamental fundamental JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 84 27 fairness fairness NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 84 28 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 84 29 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9755 84 30 second second RB en-wikipedia-org-9755 84 31 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 84 32 because because IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 84 33 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 84 34 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 84 35 absence absence NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 84 36 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 84 37 case case NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 84 38 law law NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 84 39 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 84 40 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-9755 84 41 would would MD en-wikipedia-org-9755 84 42 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-9755 84 43 completely completely RB en-wikipedia-org-9755 84 44 unworkable unworkable JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 84 45 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 84 46 every every DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 84 47 minor minor JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 84 48 issue issue NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 84 49 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 84 50 every every DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 84 51 legal legal JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 84 52 case case NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 84 53 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-9755 84 54 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-9755 84 55 briefed brief VBN en-wikipedia-org-9755 84 56 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 84 57 argued argue VBN en-wikipedia-org-9755 84 58 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 84 59 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9755 84 60 decided decide VBD en-wikipedia-org-9755 84 61 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 84 62 first first JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 84 63 principles principle NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 84 64 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 84 65 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 84 66 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 84 67 relevant relevant JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 84 68 statutes statute NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 84 69 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 84 70 constitutional constitutional JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 84 71 provisions provision NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 84 72 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 84 73 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9755 84 74 underlying underlie VBG en-wikipedia-org-9755 84 75 public public JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 84 76 policies policy NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 84 77 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 84 78 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 84 79 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-9755 84 80 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 84 81 turn turn NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 84 82 would would MD en-wikipedia-org-9755 84 83 create create VB en-wikipedia-org-9755 84 84 hopeless hopeless JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 84 85 inefficiency inefficiency NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 84 86 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 84 87 instability instability NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 84 88 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 84 89 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9755 84 90 unpredictability unpredictability NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 84 91 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 84 92 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9755 84 93 thereby thereby RB en-wikipedia-org-9755 84 94 undermine undermine VBP en-wikipedia-org-9755 84 95 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 84 96 rule rule NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 84 97 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 84 98 law law NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 84 99 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 85 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 85 2 45][46 45][46 LS en-wikipedia-org-9755 85 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 85 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 85 5 contemporary contemporary JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 85 6 form form NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 85 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 85 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 85 9 rule rule NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 85 10 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9755 85 11 descended descend VBN en-wikipedia-org-9755 85 12 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 85 13 Justice Justice NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 85 14 Louis Louis NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 85 15 Brandeis Brandeis NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 85 16 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-9755 85 17 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-9755 85 18 landmark landmark NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 85 19 dissent dissent NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 85 20 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 85 21 1932 1932 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 85 22 ’s ’s POS en-wikipedia-org-9755 85 23 Burnet Burnet NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 85 24 v. v. CC en-wikipedia-org-9755 85 25 Coronado Coronado NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 85 26 Oil Oil NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 85 27 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-9755 85 28 Gas Gas NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 85 29 Co. Co. NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 85 30 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 85 31 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-9755 85 32 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-9755 85 33 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-9755 85 34 catalogued catalogue VBD en-wikipedia-org-9755 85 35 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 85 36 Court Court NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 85 37 ’s ’s POS en-wikipedia-org-9755 85 38 actual actual JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 85 39 overruling overruling JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 85 40 practices practice NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 85 41 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 85 42 such such PDT en-wikipedia-org-9755 85 43 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 85 44 powerful powerful JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 85 45 manner manner NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 85 46 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-9755 85 47 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-9755 85 48 attendant attendant NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 85 49 stare stare NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 85 50 decisis decisis NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 85 51 analysis analysis NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 85 52 immediately immediately RB en-wikipedia-org-9755 85 53 assumed assume VBD en-wikipedia-org-9755 85 54 canonical canonical JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 85 55 authority authority NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 85 56 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 86 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-9755 86 2 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 86 3 47 47 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 86 4 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 86 5 Here here RB en-wikipedia-org-9755 86 6 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9755 86 7 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 86 8 typical typical JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 86 9 exposition exposition NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 86 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 86 11 how how WRB en-wikipedia-org-9755 86 12 public public JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 86 13 policy policy NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 86 14 supports support VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9755 86 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 86 16 rule rule NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 86 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 86 18 binding bind VBG en-wikipedia-org-9755 86 19 precedent precedent NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 86 20 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 86 21 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 86 22 2008 2008 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 86 23 majority majority NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 86 24 opinion opinion NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 86 25 signed sign VBN en-wikipedia-org-9755 86 26 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 86 27 Associate Associate NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 86 28 Justice Justice NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 86 29 Stephen Stephen NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 86 30 Breyer Breyer NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 86 31 : : : en-wikipedia-org-9755 86 32 Justice Justice NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 86 33 Brandeis Brandeis NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 86 34 once once RB en-wikipedia-org-9755 86 35 observed observe VBD en-wikipedia-org-9755 86 36 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 86 37 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-9755 86 38 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 86 39 most most JJS en-wikipedia-org-9755 86 40 matters matter NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 86 41 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-9755 86 42 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9755 86 43 more more RBR en-wikipedia-org-9755 86 44 important important JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 86 45 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 86 46 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 86 47 applicable applicable JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 86 48 rule rule NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 86 49 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 86 50 law law NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 86 51 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-9755 86 52 settled settle VBN en-wikipedia-org-9755 86 53 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 86 54 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 86 55 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-9755 86 56 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-9755 86 57 settled settle VBN en-wikipedia-org-9755 86 58 right right JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 86 59 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 86 60 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-9755 87 1 Burnet Burnet NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 87 2 v. v. CC en-wikipedia-org-9755 87 3 Coronado Coronado NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 87 4 Oil Oil NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 87 5 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-9755 87 6 Gas Gas NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 87 7 Co. Co. NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 87 8 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 87 9 ... ... NFP en-wikipedia-org-9755 87 10 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 87 11 To to TO en-wikipedia-org-9755 87 12 overturn overturn VB en-wikipedia-org-9755 87 13 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 87 14 decision decision NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 87 15 settling settle VBG en-wikipedia-org-9755 87 16 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 87 17 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 87 18 matter matter NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 87 19 simply simply RB en-wikipedia-org-9755 87 20 because because IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 87 21 we -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-9755 87 22 might may MD en-wikipedia-org-9755 87 23 believe believe VB en-wikipedia-org-9755 87 24 that that DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 87 25 decision decision NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 87 26 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9755 87 27 no no RB en-wikipedia-org-9755 87 28 longer long JJR en-wikipedia-org-9755 87 29 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-9755 87 30 right right JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 87 31 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-9755 87 32 would would MD en-wikipedia-org-9755 87 33 inevitably inevitably RB en-wikipedia-org-9755 87 34 reflect reflect VB en-wikipedia-org-9755 87 35 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 87 36 willingness willingness NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 87 37 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-9755 87 38 reconsider reconsider VB en-wikipedia-org-9755 87 39 others other NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 87 40 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 88 1 And and CC en-wikipedia-org-9755 88 2 that that DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 88 3 willingness willingness NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 88 4 could could MD en-wikipedia-org-9755 88 5 itself -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-9755 88 6 threaten threaten VB en-wikipedia-org-9755 88 7 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-9755 88 8 substitute substitute VB en-wikipedia-org-9755 88 9 disruption disruption NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 88 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 88 11 confusion confusion NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 88 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 88 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9755 88 14 uncertainty uncertainty NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 88 15 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 88 16 necessary necessary JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 88 17 legal legal JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 88 18 stability stability NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 88 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 89 1 We -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-9755 89 2 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-9755 89 3 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-9755 89 4 found find VBN en-wikipedia-org-9755 89 5 here here RB en-wikipedia-org-9755 89 6 any any DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 89 7 factors factor NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 89 8 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-9755 89 9 might may MD en-wikipedia-org-9755 89 10 overcome overcome VB en-wikipedia-org-9755 89 11 these these DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 89 12 considerations consideration NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 89 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 90 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 90 2 48 48 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 90 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 90 4 It -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-9755 90 5 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9755 90 6 now now RB en-wikipedia-org-9755 90 7 sometimes sometimes RB en-wikipedia-org-9755 90 8 possible possible JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 90 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 90 10 over over IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 90 11 time time NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 90 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 90 13 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 90 14 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 90 15 line line NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 90 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 90 17 precedents precedent NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 90 18 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-9755 90 19 drift drift VB en-wikipedia-org-9755 90 20 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 90 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 90 22 express express JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 90 23 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 90 24 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 90 25 any any DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 90 26 underlying underlie VBG en-wikipedia-org-9755 90 27 statutory statutory JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 90 28 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-9755 90 29 constitutional constitutional JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 90 30 texts text NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 90 31 until until IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 90 32 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 90 33 courts court NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 90 34 ' ' POS en-wikipedia-org-9755 90 35 decisions decision NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 90 36 establish establish VBP en-wikipedia-org-9755 90 37 doctrines doctrine NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 90 38 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-9755 90 39 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-9755 90 40 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-9755 90 41 considered consider VBN en-wikipedia-org-9755 90 42 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 90 43 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 90 44 texts text NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 90 45 ' ' POS en-wikipedia-org-9755 90 46 drafters drafter NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 90 47 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 91 1 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 91 2 trend trend NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 91 3 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9755 91 4 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-9755 91 5 strongly strongly RB en-wikipedia-org-9755 91 6 evident evident JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 91 7 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 91 8 federal federal JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 91 9 substantive substantive JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 91 10 due due JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 91 11 process[49 process[49 NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 91 12 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 91 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9755 91 14 Commerce Commerce NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 91 15 Clause Clause NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 91 16 decisions decision NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 91 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 92 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 92 2 50 50 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 92 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 92 4 Originalists Originalists NNPS en-wikipedia-org-9755 92 5 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9755 92 6 political political JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 92 7 conservatives conservative NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 92 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 92 9 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 92 10 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 92 11 Associate Associate NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 92 12 Justice Justice NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 92 13 Antonin Antonin NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 92 14 Scalia Scalia NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 92 15 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-9755 92 16 criticized criticize VBN en-wikipedia-org-9755 92 17 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 92 18 trend trend NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 92 19 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 92 20 anti anti JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 92 21 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 92 22 democratic democratic JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 92 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 93 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 93 2 51][52][53][54 51][52][53][54 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 93 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 93 4 Under under IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 93 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 93 6 doctrine doctrine NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 93 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 93 8 Erie Erie NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 93 9 Railroad Railroad NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 93 10 Co. Co. NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 93 11 v. v. IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 93 12 Tompkins Tompkins NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 93 13 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 93 14 1938 1938 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 93 15 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 93 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 93 17 there there EX en-wikipedia-org-9755 93 18 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9755 93 19 no no DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 93 20 general general JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 93 21 federal federal JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 93 22 common common JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 93 23 law law NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 93 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 94 1 Although although IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 94 2 federal federal JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 94 3 courts court NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 94 4 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-9755 94 5 create create VB en-wikipedia-org-9755 94 6 federal federal JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 94 7 common common JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 94 8 law law NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 94 9 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 94 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 94 11 form form NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 94 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 94 13 case case NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 94 14 law law NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 94 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 94 16 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 94 17 law law NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 94 18 must must MD en-wikipedia-org-9755 94 19 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-9755 94 20 linked link VBN en-wikipedia-org-9755 94 21 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 94 22 way way NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 94 23 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-9755 94 24 another another DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 94 25 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 94 26 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 94 27 interpretation interpretation NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 94 28 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 94 29 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 94 30 particular particular JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 94 31 federal federal JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 94 32 constitutional constitutional JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 94 33 provision provision NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 94 34 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 94 35 statute statute NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 94 36 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 94 37 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-9755 94 38 regulation regulation NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 94 39 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 94 40 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-9755 94 41 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 94 42 turn turn NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 94 43 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-9755 94 44 enacted enact VBN en-wikipedia-org-9755 94 45 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 94 46 part part NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 94 47 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 94 48 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 94 49 Constitution Constitution NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 94 50 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-9755 94 51 after after IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 94 52 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 94 53 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 95 1 Federal federal JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 95 2 courts court NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 95 3 lack lack VBP en-wikipedia-org-9755 95 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 95 5 plenary plenary JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 95 6 power power NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 95 7 possessed possess VBN en-wikipedia-org-9755 95 8 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 95 9 state state NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 95 10 courts court NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 95 11 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-9755 95 12 simply simply RB en-wikipedia-org-9755 95 13 make make VB en-wikipedia-org-9755 95 14 up up RP en-wikipedia-org-9755 95 15 law law NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 95 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 95 17 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-9755 95 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 95 19 latter latter JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 95 20 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-9755 95 21 able able JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 95 22 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-9755 95 23 do do VB en-wikipedia-org-9755 95 24 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 95 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 95 26 absence absence NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 95 27 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 95 28 constitutional constitutional JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 95 29 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-9755 95 30 statutory statutory JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 95 31 provisions provision NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 95 32 replacing replace VBG en-wikipedia-org-9755 95 33 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 95 34 common common JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 95 35 law law NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 95 36 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 96 1 Only only RB en-wikipedia-org-9755 96 2 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 96 3 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 96 4 few few JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 96 5 narrow narrow JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 96 6 limited limited JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 96 7 areas area NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 96 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 96 9 like like IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 96 10 maritime maritime JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 96 11 law,[55 law,[55 NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 96 12 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 96 13 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9755 96 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 96 15 Constitution Constitution NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 96 16 expressly expressly RB en-wikipedia-org-9755 96 17 authorized authorize VBD en-wikipedia-org-9755 96 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 96 19 continuation continuation NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 96 20 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 96 21 English english JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 96 22 common common JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 96 23 law law NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 96 24 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 96 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 96 26 federal federal JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 96 27 level level NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 96 28 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 96 29 meaning mean VBG en-wikipedia-org-9755 96 30 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 96 31 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 96 32 those those DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 96 33 areas area NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 96 34 federal federal JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 96 35 courts court NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 96 36 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-9755 96 37 continue continue VB en-wikipedia-org-9755 96 38 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-9755 96 39 make make VB en-wikipedia-org-9755 96 40 law law NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 96 41 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 96 42 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-9755 96 43 see see VBP en-wikipedia-org-9755 96 44 fit fit JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 96 45 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 96 46 subject subject JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 96 47 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 96 48 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 96 49 limitations limitation NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 96 50 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 96 51 stare stare NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 96 52 decisis decisis NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 96 53 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 96 54 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 97 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 97 2 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 97 3 major major JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 97 4 implication implication NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 97 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 97 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 97 7 Erie Erie NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 97 8 doctrine doctrine NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 97 9 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9755 97 10 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 97 11 federal federal JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 97 12 courts court NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 97 13 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-9755 97 14 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-9755 97 15 dictate dictate VB en-wikipedia-org-9755 97 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 97 17 content content NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 97 18 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 97 19 state state NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 97 20 law law NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 97 21 when when WRB en-wikipedia-org-9755 97 22 there there EX en-wikipedia-org-9755 97 23 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9755 97 24 no no DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 97 25 federal federal JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 97 26 issue issue NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 97 27 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 97 28 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9755 97 29 thus thus RB en-wikipedia-org-9755 97 30 no no DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 97 31 federal federal JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 97 32 supremacy supremacy NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 97 33 issue issue NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 97 34 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 97 35 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 97 36 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 97 37 case case NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 97 38 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 98 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 98 2 56 56 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 98 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 98 4 When when WRB en-wikipedia-org-9755 98 5 hearing hear VBG en-wikipedia-org-9755 98 6 claims claim NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 98 7 under under IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 98 8 state state NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 98 9 law law NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 98 10 pursuant pursuant JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 98 11 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 98 12 diversity diversity NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 98 13 jurisdiction jurisdiction NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 98 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 98 15 federal federal JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 98 16 trial trial NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 98 17 courts court NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 98 18 must must MD en-wikipedia-org-9755 98 19 apply apply VB en-wikipedia-org-9755 98 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 98 21 statutory statutory JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 98 22 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9755 98 23 decisional decisional JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 98 24 law law NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 98 25 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 98 26 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 98 27 state state NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 98 28 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 98 29 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-9755 98 30 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-9755 98 31 sit sit VBP en-wikipedia-org-9755 98 32 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 98 33 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 98 34 if if IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 98 35 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-9755 98 36 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-9755 98 37 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 98 38 court court NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 98 39 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 98 40 that that DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 98 41 state,[57 state,[57 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 98 42 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 98 43 even even RB en-wikipedia-org-9755 98 44 if if IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 98 45 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-9755 98 46 believe believe VBP en-wikipedia-org-9755 98 47 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 98 48 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 98 49 relevant relevant JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 98 50 state state NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 98 51 law law NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 98 52 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9755 98 53 irrational irrational JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 98 54 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-9755 98 55 just just RB en-wikipedia-org-9755 98 56 bad bad JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 98 57 public public JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 98 58 policy policy NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 98 59 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 99 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 99 2 58 58 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 99 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 99 4 Under under IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 99 5 Erie Erie NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 99 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 99 7 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 99 8 federal federal JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 99 9 deference deference NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 99 10 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 99 11 state state NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 99 12 law law NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 99 13 applies apply VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9755 99 14 only only RB en-wikipedia-org-9755 99 15 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 99 16 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 99 17 direction direction NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 99 18 : : : en-wikipedia-org-9755 99 19 state state NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 99 20 courts court NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 99 21 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-9755 99 22 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-9755 99 23 bound bind VBN en-wikipedia-org-9755 99 24 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 99 25 federal federal JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 99 26 interpretations interpretation NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 99 27 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 99 28 state state NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 99 29 law law NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 99 30 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 100 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 100 2 59 59 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 100 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 100 4 Similarly similarly RB en-wikipedia-org-9755 100 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 100 6 state state NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 100 7 courts court NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 100 8 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-9755 100 9 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-9755 100 10 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-9755 100 11 bound bind VBN en-wikipedia-org-9755 100 12 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 100 13 most most JJS en-wikipedia-org-9755 100 14 federal federal JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 100 15 interpretations interpretation NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 100 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 100 17 federal federal JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 100 18 law law NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 100 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 101 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 101 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 101 3 vast vast JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 101 4 majority majority NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 101 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 101 6 state state NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 101 7 courts court NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 101 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 101 9 interpretations interpretation NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 101 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 101 11 federal federal JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 101 12 law law NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 101 13 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 101 14 federal federal JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 101 15 courts court NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 101 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 101 17 appeals appeal NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 101 18 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9755 101 19 district district NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 101 20 courts court NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 101 21 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-9755 101 22 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-9755 101 23 cited cite VBN en-wikipedia-org-9755 101 24 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 101 25 persuasive persuasive JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 101 26 authority authority NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 101 27 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 101 28 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-9755 101 29 state state NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 101 30 courts court NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 101 31 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-9755 101 32 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-9755 101 33 bound bind VBN en-wikipedia-org-9755 101 34 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 101 35 those those DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 101 36 interpretations interpretation NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 101 37 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 102 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 102 2 60 60 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 102 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 102 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 102 5 U.S. U.S. NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 102 6 Supreme Supreme NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 102 7 Court Court NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 102 8 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9755 102 9 never never RB en-wikipedia-org-9755 102 10 squarely squarely RB en-wikipedia-org-9755 102 11 addressed address VBN en-wikipedia-org-9755 102 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 102 13 issue issue NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 102 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 102 15 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-9755 102 16 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9755 102 17 signaled signal VBN en-wikipedia-org-9755 102 18 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 102 19 dicta dicta NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 102 20 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 102 21 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-9755 102 22 sides side VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9755 102 23 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 102 24 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 102 25 rule rule NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 102 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 103 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 103 2 60][61 60][61 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 103 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 103 4 Therefore therefore RB en-wikipedia-org-9755 103 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 103 6 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 103 7 those those DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 103 8 states state NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 103 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 103 10 there there EX en-wikipedia-org-9755 103 11 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9755 103 12 only only RB en-wikipedia-org-9755 103 13 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 103 14 federal federal JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 103 15 court court NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 103 16 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-9755 103 17 binds bind VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9755 103 18 all all DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 103 19 state state NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 103 20 courts court NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 103 21 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 103 22 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 103 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 103 24 interpretation interpretation NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 103 25 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 103 26 federal federal JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 103 27 law law NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 103 28 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9755 103 29 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 103 30 federal federal JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 103 31 Constitution Constitution NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 103 32 : : : en-wikipedia-org-9755 103 33 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 103 34 U.S. U.S. NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 103 35 Supreme Supreme NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 103 36 Court Court NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 103 37 itself -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-9755 103 38 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 104 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 104 2 60 60 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 104 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 104 4 State State NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 104 5 law[edit law[edit NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 104 6 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 104 7 Volumes Volumes NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 104 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 104 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 104 10 Thomson Thomson NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 104 11 West West NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 104 12 annotated annotate VBD en-wikipedia-org-9755 104 13 version version NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 104 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 104 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 104 16 California California NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 104 17 Penal Penal NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 104 18 Code Code NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 104 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 104 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 104 21 codification codification NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 104 22 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 104 23 criminal criminal JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 104 24 law law NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 104 25 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 104 26 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 104 27 state state NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 104 28 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 104 29 California California NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 104 30 Main Main NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 104 31 article article NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 104 32 : : : en-wikipedia-org-9755 104 33 State state NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 104 34 law law NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 104 35 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 104 36 United United NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 104 37 States States NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 104 38 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 104 39 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 104 40 fifty fifty CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 104 41 American american JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 104 42 states state NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 104 43 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-9755 104 44 separate separate JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 104 45 sovereigns,[62 sovereigns,[62 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 104 46 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 104 47 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 104 48 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-9755 104 49 own own JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 104 50 state state NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 104 51 constitutions constitution NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 104 52 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 104 53 state state NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 104 54 governments government NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 104 55 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 104 56 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9755 104 57 state state NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 104 58 courts court NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 104 59 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 105 1 All all DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 105 2 states state NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 105 3 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-9755 105 4 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 105 5 legislative legislative JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 105 6 branch branch NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 105 7 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-9755 105 8 enacts enact VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9755 105 9 state state NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 105 10 statutes statute NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 105 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 105 12 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 105 13 executive executive JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 105 14 branch branch NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 105 15 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-9755 105 16 promulgates promulgate VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9755 105 17 state state NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 105 18 regulations regulation NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 105 19 pursuant pursuant JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 105 20 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 105 21 statutory statutory JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 105 22 authorization authorization NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 105 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 105 24 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9755 105 25 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 105 26 judicial judicial JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 105 27 branch branch NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 105 28 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-9755 105 29 applies apply VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9755 105 30 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 105 31 interprets interpret VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9755 105 32 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 105 33 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9755 105 34 occasionally occasionally RB en-wikipedia-org-9755 105 35 overturns overturn VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9755 105 36 both both DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 105 37 state state NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 105 38 statutes statute NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 105 39 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9755 105 40 regulations regulation NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 105 41 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 105 42 as as RB en-wikipedia-org-9755 105 43 well well RB en-wikipedia-org-9755 105 44 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 105 45 local local JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 105 46 ordinances ordinance NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 105 47 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 106 1 They -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-9755 106 2 retain retain VBP en-wikipedia-org-9755 106 3 plenary plenary JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 106 4 power power NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 106 5 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-9755 106 6 make make VB en-wikipedia-org-9755 106 7 laws law NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 106 8 covering cover VBG en-wikipedia-org-9755 106 9 anything anything NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 106 10 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-9755 106 11 preempted preempt VBN en-wikipedia-org-9755 106 12 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 106 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 106 14 federal federal JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 106 15 Constitution Constitution NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 106 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 106 17 federal federal JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 106 18 statutes statute NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 106 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 106 20 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-9755 106 21 international international JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 106 22 treaties treaty NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 106 23 ratified ratify VBN en-wikipedia-org-9755 106 24 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 106 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 106 26 federal federal JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 106 27 Senate Senate NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 106 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 107 1 Normally normally RB en-wikipedia-org-9755 107 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 107 3 state state NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 107 4 supreme supreme NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 107 5 courts court NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 107 6 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-9755 107 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 107 8 final final JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 107 9 interpreters interpreter NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 107 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 107 11 state state NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 107 12 constitutions constitution NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 107 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9755 107 14 state state NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 107 15 law law NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 107 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 107 17 unless unless IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 107 18 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-9755 107 19 interpretation interpretation NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 107 20 itself -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-9755 107 21 presents present VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9755 107 22 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 107 23 federal federal JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 107 24 issue issue NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 107 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 107 26 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 107 27 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-9755 107 28 case case NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 107 29 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 107 30 decision decision NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 107 31 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-9755 107 32 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-9755 107 33 appealed appeal VBN en-wikipedia-org-9755 107 34 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 107 35 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 107 36 U.S. U.S. NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 107 37 Supreme Supreme NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 107 38 Court Court NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 107 39 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 107 40 way way NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 107 41 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 107 42 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 107 43 petition petition NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 107 44 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 107 45 writ writ NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 107 46 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 107 47 certiorari certiorari NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 107 48 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 108 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 108 2 63 63 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 108 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 108 4 State state NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 108 5 laws law NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 108 6 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-9755 108 7 dramatically dramatically RB en-wikipedia-org-9755 108 8 diverged diverge VBN en-wikipedia-org-9755 108 9 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 108 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 108 11 centuries century NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 108 12 since since IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 108 13 independence independence NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 108 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 108 15 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 108 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 108 17 extent extent NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 108 18 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 108 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 108 20 United United NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 108 21 States States NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 108 22 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-9755 108 23 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-9755 108 24 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-9755 108 25 regarded regard VBN en-wikipedia-org-9755 108 26 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 108 27 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 108 28 legal legal JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 108 29 system system NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 108 30 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 108 31 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 108 32 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 108 33 majority majority NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 108 34 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 108 35 types type NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 108 36 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 108 37 law law NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 108 38 traditionally traditionally RB en-wikipedia-org-9755 108 39 under under IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 108 40 state state NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 108 41 control control NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 108 42 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 108 43 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-9755 108 44 must must MD en-wikipedia-org-9755 108 45 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-9755 108 46 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en-wikipedia-org-9755 109 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 109 2 64 64 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 109 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 109 4 Most Most JJS en-wikipedia-org-9755 109 5 cases case NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 109 6 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-9755 109 7 litigated litigate VBN en-wikipedia-org-9755 109 8 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 109 9 state state NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 109 10 courts court NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 109 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9755 109 12 involve involve VBP en-wikipedia-org-9755 109 13 claims claim NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 109 14 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9755 109 15 defenses defense NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 109 16 under under IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 109 17 state state NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 109 18 laws law NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 109 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 110 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 110 2 65][66 65][66 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 110 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 110 4 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 110 5 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 110 6 2012 2012 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 110 7 report report NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 110 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 110 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 110 10 National National NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 110 11 Center Center NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 110 12 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 110 13 State State NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 110 14 Courts Courts NNPS en-wikipedia-org-9755 110 15 ' ' POS en-wikipedia-org-9755 110 16 Court Court NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 110 17 Statistics Statistics NNPS en-wikipedia-org-9755 110 18 Project Project NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 110 19 found find VBD en-wikipedia-org-9755 110 20 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 110 21 state state NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 110 22 trial trial NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 110 23 courts court NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 110 24 received receive VBD en-wikipedia-org-9755 110 25 103.5 103.5 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 110 26   _SP en-wikipedia-org-9755 110 27 million million CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 110 28 newly newly RB en-wikipedia-org-9755 110 29 filed file VBN en-wikipedia-org-9755 110 30 cases case NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 110 31 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 110 32 2010 2010 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 110 33 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 110 34 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-9755 110 35 consisted consist VBD en-wikipedia-org-9755 110 36 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 110 37 56.3 56.3 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 110 38   _SP en-wikipedia-org-9755 110 39 million million CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 110 40 traffic traffic NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 110 41 cases case NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 110 42 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 110 43 20.4 20.4 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 110 44   _SP en-wikipedia-org-9755 110 45 million million CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 110 46 criminal criminal JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 110 47 cases case NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 110 48 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 110 49 19.0 19.0 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 110 50   _SP en-wikipedia-org-9755 110 51 million million CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 110 52 civil civil JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 110 53 cases case NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 110 54 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 110 55 5.9 5.9 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 110 56   _SP en-wikipedia-org-9755 110 57 million million CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 110 58 domestic domestic JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 110 59 relations relation NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 110 60 cases case NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 110 61 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 110 62 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9755 110 63 1.9 1.9 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 110 64   _SP en-wikipedia-org-9755 110 65 million million CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 110 66 juvenile juvenile JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 110 67 cases case NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 110 68 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 111 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 111 2 67 67 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 111 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 111 4 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 111 5 2010 2010 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 111 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 111 7 state state NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 111 8 appellate appellate JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 111 9 courts court NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 111 10 received receive VBD en-wikipedia-org-9755 111 11 272,795 272,795 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 111 12 new new JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 111 13 cases case NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 111 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 112 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 112 2 68 68 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 112 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 112 4 By by IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 112 5 way way NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 112 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 112 7 comparison comparison NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 112 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 112 9 all all DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 112 10 federal federal JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 112 11 district district NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 112 12 courts court NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 112 13 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 112 14 2016 2016 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 112 15 together together RB en-wikipedia-org-9755 112 16 received receive VBD en-wikipedia-org-9755 112 17 only only RB en-wikipedia-org-9755 112 18 about about RB en-wikipedia-org-9755 112 19 274,552 274,552 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 112 20 new new JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 112 21 civil civil JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 112 22 cases case NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 112 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 112 24 79,787 79,787 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 112 25 new new JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 112 26 criminal criminal JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 112 27 cases case NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 112 28 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 112 29 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9755 112 30 833,515 833,515 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 112 31 bankruptcy bankruptcy NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 112 32 cases case NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 112 33 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 112 34 while while IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 112 35 federal federal JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 112 36 appellate appellate JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 112 37 courts court NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 112 38 received receive VBD en-wikipedia-org-9755 112 39 53,649 53,649 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 112 40 new new JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 112 41 cases case NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 112 42 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 113 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 113 2 69 69 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 113 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 113 4 State state NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 113 5 legal legal JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 113 6 systems[edit systems[edit , en-wikipedia-org-9755 113 7 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 113 8 Law Law NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 113 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 113 10 Alabama Alabama NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 113 11 Law Law NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 113 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 113 13 Alaska Alaska NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 113 14 Law Law NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 113 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 113 16 Arizona Arizona NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 113 17 Law Law NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 113 18 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 113 19 Arkansas Arkansas NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 113 20 Law Law NNP 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Montana NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 113 90 Law Law NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 113 91 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 113 92 Nebraska Nebraska NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 113 93 Law Law NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 113 94 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 113 95 Nevada Nevada NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 113 96 Law Law NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 113 97 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 113 98 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 113 99 Hampshire Hampshire NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 113 100 Law Law NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 113 101 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 113 102 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 113 103 Jersey Jersey NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 113 104 Law Law NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 113 105 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 113 106 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 113 107 Mexico Mexico NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 113 108 Law Law NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 113 109 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 113 110 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 113 111 York York NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 113 112 Law Law NNP 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Island Island NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 113 136 Law Law NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 113 137 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 113 138 South South NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 113 139 Carolina Carolina NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 113 140 Law Law NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 113 141 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 113 142 South South NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 113 143 Dakota Dakota NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 113 144 Law Law NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 113 145 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 113 146 Tennessee Tennessee NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 113 147 Law Law NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 113 148 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 113 149 Texas Texas NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 113 150 Law Law NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 113 151 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 113 152 Utah Utah NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 113 153 Law Law NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 113 154 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 113 155 Vermont Vermont NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 113 156 Law Law NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 113 157 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 113 158 Virginia Virginia NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 113 159 Law Law NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 113 160 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 113 161 Washington Washington NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 113 162 Law Law NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 113 163 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 113 164 West West NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 113 165 Virginia Virginia NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 113 166 Law Law NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 113 167 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 113 168 Wisconsin Wisconsin NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 113 169 Law Law NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 113 170 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 113 171 Wyoming Wyoming NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 113 172 Local Local NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 113 173 law[edit law[edit NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 113 174 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 113 175 States state NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 113 176 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-9755 113 177 delegated delegate VBN en-wikipedia-org-9755 113 178 lawmaking lawmaking NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 113 179 powers power NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 113 180 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 113 181 thousands thousand NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 113 182 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 113 183 agencies agency NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 113 184 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 113 185 townships township NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 113 186 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 113 187 counties county NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 113 188 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 113 189 cities city NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 113 190 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 113 191 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9755 113 192 special special JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 113 193 districts district NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 113 194 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 114 1 And and CC en-wikipedia-org-9755 114 2 all all PDT en-wikipedia-org-9755 114 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 114 4 state state NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 114 5 constitutions constitution NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 114 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 114 7 statutes statute NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 114 8 and and CC 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en-wikipedia-org-9755 114 31 federal federal JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 114 32 counterparts counterpart NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 114 33 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 115 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 115 2 70 70 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 115 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 115 4 It -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-9755 115 5 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9755 115 6 common common JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 115 7 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 115 8 residents resident NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 115 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 115 10 major major JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 115 11 U.S. U.S. NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 115 12 metropolitan metropolitan JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 115 13 areas area NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 115 14 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-9755 115 15 live live VB en-wikipedia-org-9755 115 16 under under IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 115 17 six six CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 115 18 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-9755 115 19 more more JJR en-wikipedia-org-9755 115 20 layers layer NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 115 21 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 115 22 special special JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 115 23 districts district NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 115 24 as as RB en-wikipedia-org-9755 115 25 well well RB en-wikipedia-org-9755 115 26 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 115 27 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 115 28 town town NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 115 29 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-9755 115 30 city city NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 115 31 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 115 32 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9755 115 33 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 115 34 county county NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 115 35 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-9755 115 36 township township NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 115 37 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 115 38 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 115 39 addition addition NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 115 40 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 115 41 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 115 42 federal federal JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 115 43 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9755 115 44 state state NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 115 45 governments government NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 115 46 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 115 47 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 116 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 116 2 71 71 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 116 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 116 4 Thus thus RB en-wikipedia-org-9755 116 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 116 6 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 116 7 any any DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 116 8 given give VBN en-wikipedia-org-9755 116 9 time time NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 116 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 116 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 116 12 average average JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 116 13 American american JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 116 14 citizen citizen NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 116 15 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9755 116 16 subject subject JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 116 17 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 116 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 116 19 rules rule NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 116 20 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9755 116 21 regulations regulation NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 116 22 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 116 23 several several JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 116 24 dozen dozen NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 116 25 different different JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 116 26 agencies agency NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 116 27 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 116 28 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 116 29 federal federal JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 116 30 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 116 31 state state NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 116 32 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 116 33 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9755 116 34 local local JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 116 35 levels level NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 116 36 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 116 37 depending depend VBG en-wikipedia-org-9755 116 38 upon upon IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 116 39 one one PRP en-wikipedia-org-9755 116 40 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-9755 116 41 current current JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 116 42 location location NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 116 43 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9755 116 44 behavior behavior NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 116 45 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 117 1 Legal legal JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 117 2 subjects[edit subjects[edit , en-wikipedia-org-9755 117 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 117 4 American american JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 117 5 lawyers lawyer NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 117 6 draw draw VBP en-wikipedia-org-9755 117 7 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 117 8 fundamental fundamental JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 117 9 distinction distinction NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 117 10 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 117 11 procedural procedural JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 117 12 law law NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 117 13 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 117 14 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-9755 117 15 controls control VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9755 117 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 117 17 procedure procedure NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 117 18 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 117 19 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-9755 117 20 legal legal JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 117 21 duties duty NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 117 22 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9755 117 23 rights right NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 117 24 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-9755 117 25 vindicated)[72 vindicated)[72 JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 117 26 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 117 27 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9755 117 28 substantive substantive JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 117 29 law law NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 117 30 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 117 31 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 117 32 actual actual JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 117 33 substance substance NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 117 34 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 117 35 law law NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 117 36 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 117 37 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-9755 117 38 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9755 117 39 usually usually RB en-wikipedia-org-9755 117 40 expressed express VBN en-wikipedia-org-9755 117 41 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 117 42 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 117 43 form form NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 117 44 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 117 45 various various JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 117 46 legal legal JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 117 47 rights right NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 117 48 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9755 117 49 duties duty NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 117 50 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 117 51 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 118 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 118 2 73 73 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 118 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 118 4 Criminal criminal JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 118 5 law law NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 118 6 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9755 118 7 procedure[edit procedure[edit LS en-wikipedia-org-9755 118 8 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 118 9 Main main JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 118 10 articles article NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 118 11 : : : en-wikipedia-org-9755 118 12 United United NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 118 13 States States NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 118 14 criminal criminal JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 118 15 law law NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 118 16 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9755 118 17 United United NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 118 18 States States NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 118 19 criminal criminal JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 118 20 procedure procedure NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 118 21 Criminal criminal JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 118 22 law law NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 118 23 involves involve VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9755 118 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 118 25 prosecution prosecution NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 118 26 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 118 27 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 118 28 state state NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 118 29 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 118 30 wrongful wrongful JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 118 31 acts act NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 118 32 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-9755 118 33 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-9755 118 34 considered consider VBN en-wikipedia-org-9755 118 35 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-9755 118 36 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-9755 118 37 so so RB en-wikipedia-org-9755 118 38 serious serious JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 118 39 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 118 40 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-9755 118 41 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-9755 118 42 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 118 43 breach breach NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 118 44 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 118 45 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 118 46 sovereign sovereign NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 118 47 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-9755 118 48 peace peace NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 118 49 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 118 50 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9755 118 51 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-9755 118 52 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-9755 118 53 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-9755 118 54 deterred deter VBN en-wikipedia-org-9755 118 55 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-9755 118 56 remedied remedie VBN en-wikipedia-org-9755 118 57 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 118 58 mere mere JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 118 59 lawsuits lawsuit NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 118 60 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 118 61 private private JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 118 62 parties party NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 118 63 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 118 64 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 119 1 Generally generally RB en-wikipedia-org-9755 119 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 119 3 crimes crime NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 119 4 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-9755 119 5 result result VB en-wikipedia-org-9755 119 6 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 119 7 incarceration incarceration NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 119 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 119 9 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-9755 119 10 torts tort NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 119 11 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 119 12 see see VB en-wikipedia-org-9755 119 13 below below RB en-wikipedia-org-9755 119 14 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 119 15 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-9755 119 16 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-9755 119 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 120 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 120 2 majority majority NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 120 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 120 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 120 5 crimes crime NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 120 6 committed commit VBN en-wikipedia-org-9755 120 7 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 120 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 120 9 United United NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 120 10 States States NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 120 11 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-9755 120 12 prosecuted prosecute VBN en-wikipedia-org-9755 120 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9755 120 14 punished punish VBN en-wikipedia-org-9755 120 15 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 120 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 120 17 state state NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 120 18 level level NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 120 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 121 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 121 2 74 74 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 121 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 121 4 Federal federal JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 121 5 criminal criminal JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 121 6 law law NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 121 7 focuses focus VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9755 121 8 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 121 9 areas area NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 121 10 specifically specifically RB en-wikipedia-org-9755 121 11 relevant relevant JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 121 12 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 121 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 121 14 federal federal JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 121 15 government government NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 121 16 like like IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 121 17 evading evade VBG en-wikipedia-org-9755 121 18 payment payment NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 121 19 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 121 20 federal federal JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 121 21 income income NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 121 22 tax tax NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 121 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 121 24 mail mail NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 121 25 theft theft NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 121 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 121 27 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-9755 121 28 physical physical JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 121 29 attacks attack NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 121 30 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 121 31 federal federal JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 121 32 officials official NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 121 33 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 121 34 as as RB en-wikipedia-org-9755 121 35 well well RB en-wikipedia-org-9755 121 36 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 121 37 interstate interstate JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 121 38 crimes crime NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 121 39 like like IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 121 40 drug drug NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 121 41 trafficking trafficking NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 121 42 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9755 121 43 wire wire NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 121 44 fraud fraud NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 121 45 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 122 1 All all DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 122 2 states state NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 122 3 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-9755 122 4 somewhat somewhat RB en-wikipedia-org-9755 122 5 similar similar JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 122 6 laws law NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 122 7 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 122 8 regard regard NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 122 9 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 122 10 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-9755 122 11 higher high JJR en-wikipedia-org-9755 122 12 crimes crime NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 122 13 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-9755 122 14 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 122 15 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-9755 122 16 felonies felony NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 122 17 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 122 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 122 19 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 122 20 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 122 21 murder murder NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 122 22 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9755 122 23 rape rape NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 122 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 122 25 although although IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 122 26 penalties penalty NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 122 27 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 122 28 these these DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 122 29 crimes crime NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 122 30 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-9755 122 31 vary vary VB en-wikipedia-org-9755 122 32 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 122 33 state state NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 122 34 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 122 35 state state NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 122 36 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 123 1 Capital capital JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 123 2 punishment punishment NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 123 3 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9755 123 4 permitted permit VBN en-wikipedia-org-9755 123 5 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 123 6 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 123 7 states state NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 123 8 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-9755 123 9 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-9755 123 10 others other NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 123 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 124 1 Three three CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 124 2 strikes strike NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 124 3 laws law NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 124 4 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 124 5 certain certain JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 124 6 states state NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 124 7 impose impose VBP en-wikipedia-org-9755 124 8 harsh harsh JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 124 9 penalties penalty NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 124 10 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 124 11 repeat repeat NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 124 12 offenders offender NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 124 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 125 1 Some some DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 125 2 states state NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 125 3 distinguish distinguish VBP en-wikipedia-org-9755 125 4 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 125 5 two two CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 125 6 levels level NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 125 7 : : : en-wikipedia-org-9755 125 8 felonies felony NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 125 9 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9755 125 10 misdemeanors misdemeanor NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 125 11 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 125 12 minor minor JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 125 13 crimes crime NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 125 14 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 125 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 126 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 126 2 74 74 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 126 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 126 4 Generally generally RB en-wikipedia-org-9755 126 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 126 6 most most JJS en-wikipedia-org-9755 126 7 felony felony NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 126 8 convictions conviction NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 126 9 result result VBP en-wikipedia-org-9755 126 10 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 126 11 lengthy lengthy JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 126 12 prison prison NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 126 13 sentences sentence NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 126 14 as as RB en-wikipedia-org-9755 126 15 well well RB en-wikipedia-org-9755 126 16 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 126 17 subsequent subsequent JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 126 18 probation probation NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 126 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 126 20 large large JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 126 21 fines fine NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 126 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 126 23 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9755 126 24 orders order NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 126 25 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-9755 126 26 pay pay VB en-wikipedia-org-9755 126 27 restitution restitution NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 126 28 directly directly RB en-wikipedia-org-9755 126 29 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 126 30 victims victim NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 126 31 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-9755 126 32 while while IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 126 33 misdemeanors misdemeanor NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 126 34 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-9755 126 35 lead lead VB en-wikipedia-org-9755 126 36 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 126 37 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 126 38 year year NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 126 39 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-9755 126 40 less less JJR en-wikipedia-org-9755 126 41 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 126 42 jail jail NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 126 43 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9755 126 44 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 126 45 substantial substantial JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 126 46 fine fine NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 126 47 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 127 1 To to TO en-wikipedia-org-9755 127 2 simplify simplify VB en-wikipedia-org-9755 127 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 127 4 prosecution prosecution NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 127 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 127 6 traffic traffic NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 127 7 violations violation NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 127 8 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9755 127 9 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 127 10 relatively relatively RB en-wikipedia-org-9755 127 11 minor minor JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 127 12 crimes crime NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 127 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 127 14 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 127 15 states state NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 127 16 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-9755 127 17 added add VBN en-wikipedia-org-9755 127 18 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 127 19 third third JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 127 20 level level NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 127 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 127 22 infractions infraction NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 127 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 128 1 These these DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 128 2 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-9755 128 3 result result VB en-wikipedia-org-9755 128 4 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 128 5 fines fine NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 128 6 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9755 128 7 sometimes sometimes RB en-wikipedia-org-9755 128 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 128 9 loss loss NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 128 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 128 11 one one NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 128 12 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-9755 128 13 driver driver NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 128 14 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-9755 128 15 license license NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 128 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 128 17 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-9755 128 18 no no DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 128 19 jail jail NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 128 20 time time NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 128 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 129 1 On on IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 129 2 average average JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 129 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 129 4 only only RB en-wikipedia-org-9755 129 5 three three CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 129 6 percent percent NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 129 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 129 8 criminal criminal JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 129 9 cases case NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 129 10 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-9755 129 11 resolved resolve VBN en-wikipedia-org-9755 129 12 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 129 13 jury jury NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 129 14 trial trial NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 129 15 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-9755 129 16 97 97 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 129 17 percent percent NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 129 18 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-9755 129 19 terminated terminate VBN en-wikipedia-org-9755 129 20 either either CC en-wikipedia-org-9755 129 21 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 129 22 plea plea NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 129 23 bargaining bargaining NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 129 24 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-9755 129 25 dismissal dismissal NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 129 26 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 129 27 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 129 28 charges charge NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 129 29 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 130 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 130 2 75 75 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 130 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 130 4 For for IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 130 5 public public JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 130 6 welfare welfare NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 130 7 offenses offense NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 130 8 where where WRB en-wikipedia-org-9755 130 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 130 10 state state NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 130 11 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9755 130 12 punishing punish VBG en-wikipedia-org-9755 130 13 merely merely RB en-wikipedia-org-9755 130 14 risky risky JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 130 15 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 130 16 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 130 17 opposed oppose VBN en-wikipedia-org-9755 130 18 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 130 19 injurious injurious JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 130 20 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 130 21 behavior behavior NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 130 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 130 23 there there EX en-wikipedia-org-9755 130 24 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9755 130 25 significant significant JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 130 26 diversity diversity NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 130 27 across across IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 130 28 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 130 29 various various JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 130 30 states state NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 130 31 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 131 1 For for IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 131 2 example example NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 131 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 131 4 punishments punishment NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 131 5 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 131 6 drunk drunk JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 131 7 driving driving NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 131 8 varied varied JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 131 9 greatly greatly RB en-wikipedia-org-9755 131 10 prior prior RB en-wikipedia-org-9755 131 11 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 131 12 1990 1990 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 131 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 132 1 State state NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 132 2 laws law NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 132 3 dealing deal VBG en-wikipedia-org-9755 132 4 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 132 5 drug drug NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 132 6 crimes crime NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 132 7 still still RB en-wikipedia-org-9755 132 8 vary vary VBP en-wikipedia-org-9755 132 9 widely widely RB en-wikipedia-org-9755 132 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 132 11 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 132 12 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 132 13 states state NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 132 14 treating treat VBG en-wikipedia-org-9755 132 15 possession possession NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 132 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 132 17 small small JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 132 18 amounts amount NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 132 19 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 132 20 drugs drug NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 132 21 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 132 22 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 132 23 misdemeanor misdemeanor NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 132 24 offense offense NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 132 25 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-9755 132 26 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 132 27 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 132 28 medical medical JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 132 29 issue issue NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 132 30 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9755 132 31 others other NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 132 32 categorizing categorize VBG en-wikipedia-org-9755 132 33 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 132 34 same same JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 132 35 offense offense NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 132 36 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 132 37 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 132 38 serious serious JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 132 39 felony felony NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 132 40 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 133 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 133 2 law law NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 133 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 133 4 criminal criminal JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 133 5 procedure procedure NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 133 6 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 133 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 133 8 United United NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 133 9 States States NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 133 10 consists consist VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9755 133 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 133 12 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 133 13 massive massive JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 133 14 overlay overlay NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 133 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 133 16 federal federal JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 133 17 constitutional constitutional JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 133 18 case case NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 133 19 law law NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 133 20 interwoven interwoven RB en-wikipedia-org-9755 133 21 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 133 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 133 23 federal federal JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 133 24 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9755 133 25 state state NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 133 26 statutes statute NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 133 27 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-9755 133 28 actually actually RB en-wikipedia-org-9755 133 29 provide provide VBP en-wikipedia-org-9755 133 30 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 133 31 foundation foundation NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 133 32 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 133 33 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 133 34 creation creation NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 133 35 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9755 133 36 operation operation NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 133 37 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 133 38 law law NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 133 39 enforcement enforcement NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 133 40 agencies agency NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 133 41 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9755 133 42 prison prison NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 133 43 systems system NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 133 44 as as RB en-wikipedia-org-9755 133 45 well well RB en-wikipedia-org-9755 133 46 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 133 47 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 133 48 proceedings proceeding NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 133 49 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 133 50 criminal criminal JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 133 51 trials trial NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 133 52 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 134 1 Due due IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 134 2 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 134 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 134 4 perennial perennial JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 134 5 inability inability NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 134 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 134 7 legislatures legislature NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 134 8 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 134 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 134 10 U.S. U.S. NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 134 11 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-9755 134 12 enact enact VB en-wikipedia-org-9755 134 13 statutes statute NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 134 14 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-9755 134 15 would would MD en-wikipedia-org-9755 134 16 actually actually RB en-wikipedia-org-9755 134 17 force force VB en-wikipedia-org-9755 134 18 law law NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 134 19 enforcement enforcement NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 134 20 officers officer NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 134 21 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-9755 134 22 respect respect VB en-wikipedia-org-9755 134 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 134 24 constitutional constitutional JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 134 25 rights right NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 134 26 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 134 27 criminal criminal JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 134 28 suspects suspect NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 134 29 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9755 134 30 convicts convict NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 134 31 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 134 32 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 134 33 federal federal JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 134 34 judiciary judiciary NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 134 35 gradually gradually RB en-wikipedia-org-9755 134 36 developed develop VBD en-wikipedia-org-9755 134 37 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 134 38 exclusionary exclusionary JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 134 39 rule rule NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 134 40 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 134 41 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 134 42 method method NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 134 43 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-9755 134 44 enforce enforce VB en-wikipedia-org-9755 134 45 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 134 46 rights right NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 134 47 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 135 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 135 2 76 76 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 135 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 135 4 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 135 5 turn turn NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 135 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 135 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 135 8 exclusionary exclusionary JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 135 9 rule rule NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 135 10 spawned spawn VBD en-wikipedia-org-9755 135 11 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 135 12 family family NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 135 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 135 14 judge judge NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 135 15 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9755 135 16 made make VBN en-wikipedia-org-9755 135 17 remedies remedy NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 135 18 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 135 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 135 20 abuse abuse NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 135 21 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 135 22 law law NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 135 23 enforcement enforcement NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 135 24 powers power NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 135 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 135 26 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 135 27 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-9755 135 28 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 135 29 most most RBS en-wikipedia-org-9755 135 30 famous famous JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 135 31 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9755 135 32 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 135 33 Miranda Miranda NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 135 34 warning warning NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 135 35 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 136 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 136 2 writ writ NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 136 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 136 4 habeas habeas NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 136 5 corpus corpus NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 136 6 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9755 136 7 often often RB en-wikipedia-org-9755 136 8 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-9755 136 9 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 136 10 suspects suspect NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 136 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9755 136 12 convicts convict NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 136 13 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-9755 136 14 challenge challenge VB en-wikipedia-org-9755 136 15 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-9755 136 16 detention detention NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 136 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 136 18 while while IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 136 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 136 20 Third Third NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 136 21 Enforcement Enforcement NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 136 22 Act Act NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 136 23 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9755 136 24 Bivens Bivens NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 136 25 actions action NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 136 26 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-9755 136 27 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-9755 136 28 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 136 29 suspects suspect NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 136 30 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-9755 136 31 recover recover VB en-wikipedia-org-9755 136 32 tort tort NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 136 33 damages damage NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 136 34 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 136 35 police police NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 136 36 brutality brutality NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 136 37 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 137 1 Civil civil JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 137 2 procedure[edit procedure[edit CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 137 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 137 4 Main Main NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 137 5 article article NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 137 6 : : : en-wikipedia-org-9755 137 7 United United NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 137 8 States States NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 137 9 civil civil JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 137 10 procedure procedure NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 137 11 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 137 12 law law NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 137 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 137 14 civil civil JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 137 15 procedure procedure NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 137 16 governs govern NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 137 17 process process NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 137 18 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 137 19 all all DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 137 20 judicial judicial JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 137 21 proceedings proceeding NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 137 22 involving involve VBG en-wikipedia-org-9755 137 23 lawsuits lawsuit NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 137 24 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 137 25 private private JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 137 26 parties party NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 137 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 138 1 Traditional traditional JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 138 2 common common JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 138 3 law law NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 138 4 pleading pleading NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 138 5 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-9755 138 6 replaced replace VBN en-wikipedia-org-9755 138 7 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 138 8 code code NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 138 9 pleading plead VBG en-wikipedia-org-9755 138 10 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 138 11 24 24 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 138 12 states state NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 138 13 after after IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 138 14 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 138 15 York York NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 138 16 enacted enact VBD en-wikipedia-org-9755 138 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 138 18 Field Field NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 138 19 Code Code NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 138 20 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 138 21 1850 1850 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 138 22 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9755 138 23 code code NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 138 24 pleading plead VBG en-wikipedia-org-9755 138 25 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 138 26 turn turn NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 138 27 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-9755 138 28 subsequently subsequently RB en-wikipedia-org-9755 138 29 replaced replace VBN en-wikipedia-org-9755 138 30 again again RB en-wikipedia-org-9755 138 31 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 138 32 most most JJS en-wikipedia-org-9755 138 33 states state NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 138 34 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 138 35 modern modern JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 138 36 notice notice NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 138 37 pleading plead VBG en-wikipedia-org-9755 138 38 during during IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 138 39 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 138 40 20th 20th JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 138 41 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 138 42 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 139 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 139 2 old old JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 139 3 English english JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 139 4 division division NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 139 5 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 139 6 common common JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 139 7 law law NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 139 8 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9755 139 9 equity equity NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 139 10 courts court NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 139 11 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-9755 139 12 abolished abolish VBN en-wikipedia-org-9755 139 13 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 139 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 139 15 federal federal JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 139 16 courts court NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 139 17 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 139 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 139 19 adoption adoption NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 139 20 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 139 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 139 22 Federal Federal NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 139 23 Rules Rules NNPS en-wikipedia-org-9755 139 24 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 139 25 Civil Civil NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 139 26 Procedure Procedure NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 139 27 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 139 28 1938 1938 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 139 29 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-9755 139 30 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-9755 139 31 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9755 139 32 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-9755 139 33 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-9755 139 34 independently independently RB en-wikipedia-org-9755 139 35 abolished abolish VBN en-wikipedia-org-9755 139 36 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 139 37 legislative legislative JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 139 38 acts act NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 139 39 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 139 40 nearly nearly RB en-wikipedia-org-9755 139 41 all all DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 139 42 states state NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 139 43 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 140 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 140 2 Delaware Delaware NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 140 3 Court Court NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 140 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 140 5 Chancery Chancery NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 140 6 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9755 140 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 140 8 most most RBS en-wikipedia-org-9755 140 9 prominent prominent JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 140 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 140 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 140 12 small small JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 140 13 number number NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 140 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 140 15 remaining remain VBG en-wikipedia-org-9755 140 16 equity equity NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 140 17 courts court NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 140 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 141 1 Thirty thirty CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 141 2 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9755 141 3 five five CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 141 4 states state NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 141 5 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-9755 141 6 adopted adopt VBN en-wikipedia-org-9755 141 7 rules rule NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 141 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 141 9 civil civil JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 141 10 procedure procedure NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 141 11 modeled model VBN en-wikipedia-org-9755 141 12 after after IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 141 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 141 14 FRCP FRCP NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 141 15 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 141 16 including include VBG en-wikipedia-org-9755 141 17 rule rule NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 141 18 numbers number NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 141 19 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 141 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 142 1 However however RB en-wikipedia-org-9755 142 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 142 3 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 142 4 doing do VBG en-wikipedia-org-9755 142 5 so so RB en-wikipedia-org-9755 142 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 142 7 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-9755 142 8 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-9755 142 9 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-9755 142 10 make make VB en-wikipedia-org-9755 142 11 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 142 12 modifications modification NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 142 13 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-9755 142 14 account account VB en-wikipedia-org-9755 142 15 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 142 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 142 17 fact fact NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 142 18 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 142 19 state state NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 142 20 courts court NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 142 21 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-9755 142 22 broad broad JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 142 23 general general JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 142 24 jurisdiction jurisdiction NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 142 25 while while IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 142 26 federal federal JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 142 27 courts court NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 142 28 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-9755 142 29 relatively relatively RB en-wikipedia-org-9755 142 30 limited limited JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 142 31 jurisdiction jurisdiction NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 142 32 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 143 1 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 143 2 York York NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 143 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 143 4 Illinois Illinois NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 143 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 143 6 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9755 143 7 California California NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 143 8 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-9755 143 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 143 10 most most RBS en-wikipedia-org-9755 143 11 significant significant JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 143 12 states state NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 143 13 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-9755 143 14 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-9755 143 15 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-9755 143 16 adopted adopt VBN en-wikipedia-org-9755 143 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 143 18 FRCP FRCP NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 143 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 144 1 Furthermore furthermore RB en-wikipedia-org-9755 144 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 144 3 all all DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 144 4 three three CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 144 5 states state NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 144 6 continue continue VBP en-wikipedia-org-9755 144 7 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-9755 144 8 maintain maintain VB en-wikipedia-org-9755 144 9 most most JJS en-wikipedia-org-9755 144 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 144 11 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-9755 144 12 civil civil JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 144 13 procedure procedure NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 144 14 laws law NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 144 15 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 144 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 144 17 form form NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 144 18 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 144 19 codified codified JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 144 20 statutes statute NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 144 21 enacted enact VBN en-wikipedia-org-9755 144 22 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 144 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 144 24 state state NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 144 25 legislature legislature NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 144 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 144 27 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 144 28 opposed oppose VBN en-wikipedia-org-9755 144 29 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 144 30 court court NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 144 31 rules rule NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 144 32 promulgated promulgate VBN en-wikipedia-org-9755 144 33 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 144 34 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 144 35 state state NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 144 36 supreme supreme NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 144 37 court court NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 144 38 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 144 39 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 144 40 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 144 41 ground ground NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 144 42 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 144 43 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 144 44 latter latter JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 144 45 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-9755 144 46 undemocratic undemocratic JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 144 47 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 145 1 But but CC en-wikipedia-org-9755 145 2 certain certain JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 145 3 key key JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 145 4 portions portion NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 145 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 145 6 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-9755 145 7 civil civil JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 145 8 procedure procedure NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 145 9 laws law NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 145 10 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-9755 145 11 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-9755 145 12 modified modify VBN en-wikipedia-org-9755 145 13 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 145 14 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-9755 145 15 legislatures legislature NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 145 16 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-9755 145 17 bring bring VB en-wikipedia-org-9755 145 18 them -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-9755 145 19 closer close RBR en-wikipedia-org-9755 145 20 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 145 21 federal federal JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 145 22 civil civil JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 145 23 procedure procedure NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 145 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 146 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 146 2 77 77 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 146 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 146 4 Generally generally RB en-wikipedia-org-9755 146 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 146 6 American american JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 146 7 civil civil JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 146 8 procedure procedure NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 146 9 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9755 146 10 several several JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 146 11 notable notable JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 146 12 features feature NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 146 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 146 14 including include VBG en-wikipedia-org-9755 146 15 extensive extensive JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 146 16 pretrial pretrial JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 146 17 discovery discovery NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 146 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 146 19 heavy heavy JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 146 20 reliance reliance NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 146 21 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 146 22 live live JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 146 23 testimony testimony NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 146 24 obtained obtain VBN en-wikipedia-org-9755 146 25 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 146 26 deposition deposition NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 146 27 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-9755 146 28 elicited elicit VBN en-wikipedia-org-9755 146 29 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 146 30 front front NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 146 31 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 146 32 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 146 33 jury jury NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 146 34 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 146 35 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9755 146 36 aggressive aggressive JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 146 37 pretrial pretrial JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 146 38 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-9755 146 39 law law NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 146 40 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9755 146 41 motion motion NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 146 42 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-9755 146 43 practice practice NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 146 44 designed design VBN en-wikipedia-org-9755 146 45 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-9755 146 46 result result VB en-wikipedia-org-9755 146 47 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 146 48 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 146 49 pretrial pretrial JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 146 50 disposition disposition NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 146 51 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 146 52 that that RB en-wikipedia-org-9755 146 53 is is RB en-wikipedia-org-9755 146 54 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 146 55 summary summary NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 146 56 judgment judgment NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 146 57 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 146 58 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-9755 146 59 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 146 60 settlement settlement NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 146 61 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 147 1 U.S. U.S. NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 147 2 courts court NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 147 3 pioneered pioneer VBD en-wikipedia-org-9755 147 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 147 5 concept concept NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 147 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 147 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 147 8 opt opt NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 147 9 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9755 147 10 out out RP en-wikipedia-org-9755 147 11 class class NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 147 12 action action NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 147 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 147 14 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 147 15 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-9755 147 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 147 17 burden burden NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 147 18 falls fall VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9755 147 19 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 147 20 class class NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 147 21 members member NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 147 22 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-9755 147 23 notify notify VB en-wikipedia-org-9755 147 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 147 25 court court NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 147 26 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 147 27 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-9755 147 28 do do VBP en-wikipedia-org-9755 147 29 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-9755 147 30 wish wish VB en-wikipedia-org-9755 147 31 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-9755 147 32 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-9755 147 33 bound bind VBN en-wikipedia-org-9755 147 34 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 147 35 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 147 36 judgment judgment NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 147 37 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 147 38 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 147 39 opposed oppose VBN en-wikipedia-org-9755 147 40 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 147 41 opt opt NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 147 42 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9755 147 43 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 147 44 class class NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 147 45 actions action NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 147 46 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 147 47 where where WRB en-wikipedia-org-9755 147 48 class class NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 147 49 members member NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 147 50 must must MD en-wikipedia-org-9755 147 51 join join VB en-wikipedia-org-9755 147 52 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 147 53 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 147 54 class class NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 147 55 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 148 1 Another another DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 148 2 unique unique JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 148 3 feature feature NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 148 4 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9755 148 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 148 6 so so RB en-wikipedia-org-9755 148 7 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9755 148 8 called call VBN en-wikipedia-org-9755 148 9 American American NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 148 10 Rule Rule NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 148 11 under under IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 148 12 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-9755 148 13 parties party NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 148 14 generally generally RB en-wikipedia-org-9755 148 15 bear bear VBP en-wikipedia-org-9755 148 16 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-9755 148 17 own own JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 148 18 attorneys attorney NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 148 19 ' ' POS en-wikipedia-org-9755 148 20 fees fee NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 148 21 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 148 22 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 148 23 opposed oppose VBN en-wikipedia-org-9755 148 24 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 148 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 148 26 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 148 27 Rule Rule NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 148 28 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 148 29 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-9755 148 30 loser loser NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 148 31 pays pay VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9755 148 32 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-9755 148 33 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 148 34 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 148 35 though though IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 148 36 American american JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 148 37 legislators legislator NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 148 38 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9755 148 39 courts court NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 148 40 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-9755 148 41 carved carve VBN en-wikipedia-org-9755 148 42 out out RP en-wikipedia-org-9755 148 43 numerous numerous JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 148 44 exceptions exception NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 148 45 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 149 1 Contract contract NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 149 2 law[edit law[edit IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 149 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 149 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 149 5 Uniform Uniform NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 149 6 Commercial Commercial NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 149 7 Code Code NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 149 8 Main Main NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 149 9 article article NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 149 10 : : : en-wikipedia-org-9755 149 11 United United NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 149 12 States States NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 149 13 contract contract NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 149 14 law law NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 149 15 Contract contract NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 149 16 law law NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 149 17 covers cover VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9755 149 18 obligations obligation NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 149 19 established establish VBN en-wikipedia-org-9755 149 20 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 149 21 agreement agreement NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 149 22 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 149 23 express express VB en-wikipedia-org-9755 149 24 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-9755 149 25 implied imply VBN en-wikipedia-org-9755 149 26 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 149 27 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 149 28 private private JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 149 29 parties party NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 149 30 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 150 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 150 2 78 78 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 150 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 150 4 Generally generally RB en-wikipedia-org-9755 150 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 150 6 contract contract NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 150 7 law law NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 150 8 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 150 9 transactions transaction NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 150 10 involving involve VBG en-wikipedia-org-9755 150 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 150 12 sale sale NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 150 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 150 14 goods good NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 150 15 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9755 150 16 become become VBN en-wikipedia-org-9755 150 17 highly highly RB en-wikipedia-org-9755 150 18 standardized standardized JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 150 19 nationwide nationwide RB en-wikipedia-org-9755 150 20 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 150 21 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 150 22 result result NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 150 23 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 150 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 150 25 widespread widespread JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 150 26 adoption adoption NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 150 27 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 150 28 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 150 29 Uniform Uniform NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 150 30 Commercial Commercial NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 150 31 Code Code NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 150 32 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 151 1 However however RB en-wikipedia-org-9755 151 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 151 3 there there EX en-wikipedia-org-9755 151 4 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9755 151 5 still still RB en-wikipedia-org-9755 151 6 significant significant JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 151 7 diversity diversity NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 151 8 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 151 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 151 10 interpretation interpretation NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 151 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 151 12 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 151 13 kinds kind NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 151 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 151 15 contracts contract NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 151 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 151 17 depending depend VBG en-wikipedia-org-9755 151 18 upon upon IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 151 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 151 20 extent extent NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 151 21 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-9755 151 22 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-9755 151 23 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 151 24 given give VBN en-wikipedia-org-9755 151 25 state state NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 151 26 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9755 151 27 codified codify VBN en-wikipedia-org-9755 151 28 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-9755 151 29 common common JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 151 30 law law NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 151 31 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 151 32 contracts contract NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 151 33 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-9755 151 34 adopted adopt VBN en-wikipedia-org-9755 151 35 portions portion NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 151 36 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 151 37 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 151 38 Restatement Restatement NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 151 39 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 151 40 Second Second NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 151 41 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 151 42 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 151 43 Contracts contract NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 151 44 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 152 1 Parties party NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 152 2 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-9755 152 3 permitted permit VBN en-wikipedia-org-9755 152 4 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-9755 152 5 agree agree VB en-wikipedia-org-9755 152 6 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-9755 152 7 arbitrate arbitrate VB en-wikipedia-org-9755 152 8 disputes dispute NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 152 9 arising arise VBG en-wikipedia-org-9755 152 10 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 152 11 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-9755 152 12 contracts contract NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 152 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 153 1 Under under IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 153 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 153 3 Federal Federal NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 153 4 Arbitration Arbitration NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 153 5 Act Act NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 153 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 153 7 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-9755 153 8 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9755 153 9 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-9755 153 10 interpreted interpret VBN en-wikipedia-org-9755 153 11 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-9755 153 12 cover cover VB en-wikipedia-org-9755 153 13 all all DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 153 14 contracts contract NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 153 15 arising arise VBG en-wikipedia-org-9755 153 16 under under IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 153 17 federal federal JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 153 18 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-9755 153 19 state state NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 153 20 law law NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 153 21 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 153 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 153 23 arbitration arbitration NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 153 24 clauses clause NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 153 25 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-9755 153 26 generally generally RB en-wikipedia-org-9755 153 27 enforceable enforceable JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 153 28 unless unless IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 153 29 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 153 30 party party NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 153 31 resisting resist VBG en-wikipedia-org-9755 153 32 arbitration arbitration NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 153 33 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-9755 153 34 show show VB en-wikipedia-org-9755 153 35 unconscionability unconscionability NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 153 36 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-9755 153 37 fraud fraud NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 153 38 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-9755 153 39 something something NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 153 40 else else RB en-wikipedia-org-9755 153 41 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-9755 153 42 undermines undermine VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9755 153 43 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 153 44 entire entire JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 153 45 contract contract NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 153 46 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 154 1 Tort tort NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 154 2 law[edit law[edit NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 154 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 154 4 Main Main NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 154 5 article article NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 154 6 : : : en-wikipedia-org-9755 154 7 United United NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 154 8 States States NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 154 9 tort tort NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 154 10 law law NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 154 11 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 154 12 Restatement Restatement NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 154 13 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 154 14 Second Second NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 154 15 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 154 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 154 17 Torts Torts NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 154 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 154 19 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 154 20 highly highly RB en-wikipedia-org-9755 154 21 influential influential JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 154 22 restatement restatement NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 154 23 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 154 24 United United NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 154 25 States States NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 154 26 tort tort NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 154 27 law law NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 154 28 Tort tort NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 154 29 law law NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 154 30 generally generally RB en-wikipedia-org-9755 154 31 covers cover VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9755 154 32 any any DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 154 33 civil civil JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 154 34 action action NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 154 35 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 154 36 private private JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 154 37 parties party NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 154 38 arising arise VBG en-wikipedia-org-9755 154 39 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 154 40 wrongful wrongful JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 154 41 acts act NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 154 42 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-9755 154 43 amount amount VBP en-wikipedia-org-9755 154 44 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 154 45 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 154 46 breach breach NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 154 47 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 154 48 general general JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 154 49 obligations obligation NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 154 50 imposed impose VBN en-wikipedia-org-9755 154 51 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 154 52 law law NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 154 53 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9755 154 54 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-9755 154 55 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 154 56 contract contract NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 154 57 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 155 1 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 155 2 broad broad JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 155 3 family family NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 155 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 155 5 civil civil JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 155 6 wrongs wrong NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 155 7 involves involve VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9755 155 8 interference interference NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 155 9 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-9755 155 10 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 155 11 person person NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 155 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 155 13 property property NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 155 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 155 15 reputation reputation NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 155 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 155 17 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-9755 155 18 commercial commercial JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 155 19 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-9755 155 20 social social JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 155 21 advantage advantage NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 155 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 156 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-9755 156 2 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 156 3 79 79 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 156 4 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 156 5 Tort tort NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 156 6 law law NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 156 7 covers cover VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9755 156 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 156 9 entire entire JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 156 10 imaginable imaginable JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 156 11 spectrum spectrum NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 156 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 156 13 wrongs wrong NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 156 14 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-9755 156 15 humans human NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 156 16 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-9755 156 17 inflict inflict VB en-wikipedia-org-9755 156 18 upon upon IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 156 19 each each DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 156 20 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 156 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 156 22 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9755 156 23 partially partially RB en-wikipedia-org-9755 156 24 overlaps overlap VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9755 156 25 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 156 26 wrongs wrong NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 156 27 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-9755 156 28 punishable punishable JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 156 29 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 156 30 criminal criminal JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 156 31 law law NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 156 32 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 157 1 It -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-9755 157 2 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9755 157 3 primarily primarily RB en-wikipedia-org-9755 157 4 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 157 5 matter matter NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 157 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 157 7 state state NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 157 8 law law NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 157 9 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9755 157 10 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9755 157 11 usually usually RB en-wikipedia-org-9755 157 12 developed develop VBN en-wikipedia-org-9755 157 13 through through IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 157 14 case case NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 157 15 law law NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 157 16 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 157 17 state state NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 157 18 appellate appellate JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 157 19 courts court NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 157 20 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-9755 157 21 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-9755 157 22 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9755 157 23 rarely rarely RB en-wikipedia-org-9755 157 24 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 157 25 matter matter NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 157 26 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 157 27 federal federal JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 157 28 law law NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 157 29 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 157 30 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9755 157 31 tort tort NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 157 32 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9755 157 33 related relate VBN en-wikipedia-org-9755 157 34 statutes statute NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 157 35 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-9755 157 36 focused focus VBN en-wikipedia-org-9755 157 37 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 157 38 discrete discrete JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 157 39 issues issue NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 157 40 like like IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 157 41 authorizing authorize VBG en-wikipedia-org-9755 157 42 wrongful wrongful JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 157 43 death death NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 157 44 claims claim NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 157 45 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 157 46 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-9755 157 47 did do VBD en-wikipedia-org-9755 157 48 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-9755 157 49 exist exist VB en-wikipedia-org-9755 157 50 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 157 51 common common JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 157 52 law law NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 157 53 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 157 54 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 158 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 158 2 80 80 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 158 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 158 4 Although although IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 158 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 158 6 American American NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 158 7 Law Law NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 158 8 Institute Institute NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 158 9 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9755 158 10 attempted attempt VBN en-wikipedia-org-9755 158 11 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-9755 158 12 standardize standardize VB en-wikipedia-org-9755 158 13 tort tort NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 158 14 law law NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 158 15 through through IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 158 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 158 17 development development NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 158 18 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 158 19 several several JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 158 20 versions version NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 158 21 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 158 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 158 23 Restatement Restatement NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 158 24 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 158 25 Torts Torts NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 158 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 158 27 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 158 28 states state NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 158 29 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-9755 158 30 chosen choose VBN en-wikipedia-org-9755 158 31 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-9755 158 32 adopt adopt VB en-wikipedia-org-9755 158 33 only only RB en-wikipedia-org-9755 158 34 certain certain JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 158 35 sections section NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 158 36 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 158 37 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 158 38 Restatements restatement NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 158 39 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9755 158 40 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-9755 158 41 reject reject VB en-wikipedia-org-9755 158 42 others other NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 158 43 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 159 1 Thus thus RB en-wikipedia-org-9755 159 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 159 3 because because IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 159 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 159 5 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-9755 159 6 immense immense JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 159 7 size size NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 159 8 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9755 159 9 diversity diversity NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 159 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 159 11 American american JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 159 12 tort tort NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 159 13 law law NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 159 14 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-9755 159 15 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-9755 159 16 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-9755 159 17 easily easily RB en-wikipedia-org-9755 159 18 summarized summarize VBN en-wikipedia-org-9755 159 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 160 1 For for IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 160 2 example example NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 160 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 160 4 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 160 5 few few JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 160 6 jurisdictions jurisdiction NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 160 7 allow allow VBP en-wikipedia-org-9755 160 8 actions action NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 160 9 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 160 10 negligent negligent JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 160 11 infliction infliction NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 160 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 160 13 emotional emotional JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 160 14 distress distress NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 160 15 even even RB en-wikipedia-org-9755 160 16 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 160 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 160 18 absence absence NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 160 19 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 160 20 physical physical JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 160 21 injury injury NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 160 22 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 160 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 160 24 plaintiff plaintiff NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 160 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 160 26 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-9755 160 27 most most JJS en-wikipedia-org-9755 160 28 do do VBP en-wikipedia-org-9755 160 29 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-9755 160 30 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 161 1 For for IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 161 2 any any DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 161 3 particular particular JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 161 4 tort tort NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 161 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 161 6 states state NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 161 7 differ differ VBP en-wikipedia-org-9755 161 8 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 161 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 161 10 causes cause NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 161 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 161 12 action action NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 161 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 161 14 types type NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 161 15 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9755 161 16 scope scope NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 161 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 161 18 remedies remedy NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 161 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 161 20 statutes statute NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 161 21 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 161 22 limitations limitation NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 161 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 161 24 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9755 161 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 161 26 amount amount NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 161 27 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 161 28 specificity specificity NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 161 29 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 161 30 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-9755 161 31 one one PRP en-wikipedia-org-9755 161 32 must must MD en-wikipedia-org-9755 161 33 plead plead VB en-wikipedia-org-9755 161 34 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 161 35 cause cause NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 161 36 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 162 1 With with IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 162 2 practically practically RB en-wikipedia-org-9755 162 3 any any DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 162 4 aspect aspect NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 162 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 162 6 tort tort NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 162 7 law law NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 162 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 162 9 there there EX en-wikipedia-org-9755 162 10 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9755 162 11 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 162 12 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-9755 162 13 majority majority NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 162 14 rule rule NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 162 15 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-9755 162 16 adhered adhere VBN en-wikipedia-org-9755 162 17 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 162 18 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 162 19 most most JJS en-wikipedia-org-9755 162 20 states state NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 162 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 162 22 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9755 162 23 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 162 24 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-9755 162 25 more more JJR en-wikipedia-org-9755 162 26 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-9755 162 27 minority minority NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 162 28 rules rule NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 162 29 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 162 30 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-9755 163 1 Notably notably RB en-wikipedia-org-9755 163 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 163 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 163 4 most most RBS en-wikipedia-org-9755 163 5 broadly broadly RB en-wikipedia-org-9755 163 6 influential influential JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 163 7 innovation innovation NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 163 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 163 9 20th 20th JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 163 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9755 163 11 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 163 12 American american JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 163 13 tort tort NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 163 14 law law NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 163 15 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-9755 163 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 163 17 rule rule NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 163 18 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 163 19 strict strict JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 163 20 liability liability NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 163 21 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 163 22 defective defective JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 163 23 products product NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 163 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 163 25 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-9755 163 26 originated originate VBD en-wikipedia-org-9755 163 27 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 163 28 judicial judicial JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 163 29 glosses gloss NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 163 30 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 163 31 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 163 32 law law NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 163 33 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 163 34 warranty warranty NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 163 35 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 164 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 164 2 1963 1963 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 164 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 164 4 Roger Roger NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 164 5 J. J. NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 164 6 Traynor Traynor NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 164 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 164 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 164 9 Supreme Supreme NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 164 10 Court Court NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 164 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 164 12 California California NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 164 13 threw throw VBD en-wikipedia-org-9755 164 14 away away RB en-wikipedia-org-9755 164 15 legal legal JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 164 16 fictions fiction NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 164 17 based base VBN en-wikipedia-org-9755 164 18 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 164 19 warranties warranty NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 164 20 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9755 164 21 imposed impose VBD en-wikipedia-org-9755 164 22 strict strict JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 164 23 liability liability NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 164 24 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 164 25 defective defective JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 164 26 products product NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 164 27 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 164 28 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 164 29 matter matter NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 164 30 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 164 31 public public JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 164 32 policy policy NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 164 33 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 164 34 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 164 35 landmark landmark NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 164 36 case case NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 164 37 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 164 38 Greenman Greenman NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 164 39 v. v. CC en-wikipedia-org-9755 164 40 Yuba Yuba NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 164 41 Power Power NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 164 42 Products Products NNPS en-wikipedia-org-9755 164 43 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 165 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 165 2 81 81 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 165 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 165 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 165 5 American American NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 165 6 Law Law NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 165 7 Institute Institute NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 165 8 subsequently subsequently RB en-wikipedia-org-9755 165 9 adopted adopt VBD en-wikipedia-org-9755 165 10 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 165 11 slightly slightly RB en-wikipedia-org-9755 165 12 different different JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 165 13 version version NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 165 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 165 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 165 16 Greenman Greenman NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 165 17 rule rule NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 165 18 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 165 19 Section section NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 165 20 402A 402a CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 165 21 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 165 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 165 23 Restatement Restatement NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 165 24 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 165 25 Second Second NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 165 26 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 165 27 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 165 28 Torts Torts NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 165 29 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 165 30 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-9755 165 31 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-9755 165 32 published publish VBN en-wikipedia-org-9755 165 33 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 165 34 1964 1964 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 165 35 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9755 165 36 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-9755 165 37 very very RB en-wikipedia-org-9755 165 38 influential influential JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 165 39 throughout throughout IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 165 40 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 165 41 United United NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 165 42 States States NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 165 43 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 166 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 166 2 82 82 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 166 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 166 4 Outside outside IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 166 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 166 6 U.S. U.S. NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 166 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 166 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 166 9 rule rule NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 166 10 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-9755 166 11 adopted adopt VBN en-wikipedia-org-9755 166 12 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 166 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 166 14 European European NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 166 15 Economic Economic NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 166 16 Community Community NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 166 17 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 166 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 166 19 Product Product NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 166 20 Liability Liability NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 166 21 Directive Directive NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 166 22 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 166 23 July July NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 166 24 1985,[83 1985,[83 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 166 25 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 166 26 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 166 27 Australia Australia NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 166 28 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 166 29 July July NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 166 30 1992,[84 1992,[84 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 166 31 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 166 32 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9755 166 33 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 166 34 Japan Japan NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 166 35 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 166 36 June June NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 166 37 1994 1994 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 166 38 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 167 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 167 2 85 85 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 167 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 167 4 By by IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 167 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 167 6 1990s 1990 NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 167 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 167 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 167 9 avalanche avalanche NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 167 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 167 11 American american JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 167 12 cases case NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 167 13 resulting result VBG en-wikipedia-org-9755 167 14 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 167 15 Greenman Greenman NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 167 16 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9755 167 17 Section Section NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 167 18 402A 402a CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 167 19 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-9755 167 20 become become VBN en-wikipedia-org-9755 167 21 so so RB en-wikipedia-org-9755 167 22 complicated complicated JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 167 23 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 167 24 another another DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 167 25 restatement restatement NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 167 26 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-9755 167 27 needed need VBN en-wikipedia-org-9755 167 28 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 167 29 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-9755 167 30 occurred occur VBD en-wikipedia-org-9755 167 31 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 167 32 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 167 33 1997 1997 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 167 34 publication publication NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 167 35 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 167 36 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 167 37 Restatement Restatement NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 167 38 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 167 39 Third Third NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 167 40 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 167 41 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 167 42 Torts tort NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 167 43 : : : en-wikipedia-org-9755 167 44 Products Products NNPS en-wikipedia-org-9755 167 45 Liability Liability NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 167 46 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 168 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 168 2 86 86 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 168 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 168 4 Property Property NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 168 5 law[edit law[edit NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 168 6 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 168 7 Historically historically RB en-wikipedia-org-9755 168 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 168 9 American american JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 168 10 property property NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 168 11 law law NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 168 12 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9755 168 13 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-9755 168 14 heavily heavily RB en-wikipedia-org-9755 168 15 influenced influence VBN en-wikipedia-org-9755 168 16 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 168 17 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 168 18 land land NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 168 19 law,[87 law,[87 NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 168 20 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 168 21 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9755 168 22 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9755 168 23 therefore therefore RB en-wikipedia-org-9755 168 24 concerned concerned JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 168 25 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 168 26 real real JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 168 27 property property NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 168 28 first first JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 168 29 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9755 168 30 personal personal JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 168 31 property property NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 168 32 second second NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 168 33 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 169 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 169 2 88 88 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 169 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 169 4 It -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-9755 169 5 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9755 169 6 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-9755 169 7 primarily primarily RB en-wikipedia-org-9755 169 8 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 169 9 matter matter NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 169 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 169 11 state state NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 169 12 law law NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 169 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 169 14 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9755 169 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 169 16 level level NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 169 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 169 18 interstate interstate JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 169 19 diversity diversity NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 169 20 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 169 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 169 22 law law NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 169 23 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 169 24 property property NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 169 25 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9755 169 26 much much RB en-wikipedia-org-9755 169 27 more more RBR en-wikipedia-org-9755 169 28 substantial substantial JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 169 29 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 169 30 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 169 31 contract contract NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 169 32 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9755 169 33 tort tort NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 169 34 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 170 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 170 2 88 88 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 170 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 170 4 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 170 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 170 6 1970s 1970 NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 170 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 170 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 170 9 Uniform Uniform NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 170 10 Law Law NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 170 11 Commission Commission NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 170 12 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-9755 170 13 project project NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 170 14 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-9755 170 15 standardize standardize VB en-wikipedia-org-9755 170 16 state state NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 170 17 real real JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 170 18 property property NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 170 19 law law NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 170 20 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-9755 170 21 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 170 22 spectacular spectacular JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 170 23 failure failure NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 170 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 171 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 171 2 89][90][91 89][90][91 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 171 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 171 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 171 5 majority majority NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 171 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 171 7 states state NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 171 8 use use VBP en-wikipedia-org-9755 171 9 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 171 10 title title NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 171 11 recording record VBG en-wikipedia-org-9755 171 12 system system NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 171 13 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 171 14 coupled couple VBN en-wikipedia-org-9755 171 15 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 171 16 privately privately RB en-wikipedia-org-9755 171 17 provided provide VBN en-wikipedia-org-9755 171 18 title title NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 171 19 insurance insurance NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 171 20 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 171 21 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-9755 171 22 manage manage VB en-wikipedia-org-9755 171 23 title title NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 171 24 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 171 25 real real JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 171 26 property property NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 171 27 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 171 28 although although IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 171 29 title title NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 171 30 registration registration NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 171 31 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 171 32 Torrens Torrens NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 171 33 title title NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 171 34 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 171 35 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9755 171 36 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-9755 171 37 allowed allow VBN en-wikipedia-org-9755 171 38 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 171 39 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 171 40 small small JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 171 41 minority minority NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 171 42 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 171 43 states state NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 171 44 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 172 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 172 2 92 92 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 172 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 172 4 Title title NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 172 5 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 172 6 personal personal JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 172 7 property property NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 172 8 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9755 172 9 usually usually RB en-wikipedia-org-9755 172 10 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-9755 172 11 registered register VBN en-wikipedia-org-9755 172 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 172 13 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 172 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 172 15 notable notable JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 172 16 exceptions exception NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 172 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 172 18 motor motor NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 172 19 vehicles vehicle NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 172 20 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 172 21 through through IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 172 22 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 172 23 state state NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 172 24 department department NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 172 25 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 172 26 motor motor NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 172 27 vehicles vehicle NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 172 28 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-9755 172 29 equivalent equivalent JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 172 30 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 172 31 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 172 32 bicycles bicycle NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 172 33 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 172 34 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 172 35 certain certain JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 172 36 cities city NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 172 37 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9755 172 38 counties county NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 172 39 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 172 40 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 172 41 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9755 172 42 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 172 43 types type NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 172 44 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 172 45 firearms firearm NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 172 46 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 172 47 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 172 48 certain certain JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 172 49 states state NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 172 50 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 172 51 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 173 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 173 2 93 93 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 173 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 173 4 Family Family NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 173 5 law[edit law[edit NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 173 6 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 173 7 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 173 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 173 9 United United NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 173 10 States States NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 173 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 173 12 family family NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 173 13 law law NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 173 14 governs govern VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9755 173 15 relationships relationship NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 173 16 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 173 17 adults adult NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 173 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 173 19 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9755 173 20 relationships relationship NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 173 21 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 173 22 parents parent NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 173 23 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9755 173 24 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-9755 173 25 children child NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 173 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 174 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 174 2 94 94 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 174 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 174 4 As as IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 174 5 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 174 6 discrete discrete JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 174 7 area area NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 174 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 174 9 law law NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 174 10 worthy worthy JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 174 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 174 12 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-9755 174 13 own own JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 174 14 specialists specialist NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 174 15 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9755 174 16 law law NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 174 17 professors professor NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 174 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 174 19 American american JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 174 20 family family NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 174 21 law law NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 174 22 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9755 174 23 relatively relatively RB en-wikipedia-org-9755 174 24 young young JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 174 25 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 174 26 comparison comparison NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 174 27 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 174 28 European european JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 174 29 family family NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 174 30 law law NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 174 31 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-9755 174 32 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-9755 174 33 did do VBD en-wikipedia-org-9755 174 34 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-9755 174 35 take take VB en-wikipedia-org-9755 174 36 flight flight NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 174 37 until until IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 174 38 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 174 39 no no DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 174 40 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9755 174 41 fault fault NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 174 42 divorce divorce NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 174 43 revolution revolution NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 174 44 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 174 45 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 174 46 1960s 1960s CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 174 47 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 175 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 175 2 95 95 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 175 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 175 4 Before before IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 175 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 175 6 1950s 1950 NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 175 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 175 8 widespread widespread JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 175 9 religious religious JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 175 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 175 11 legal legal JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 175 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 175 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9755 175 14 social social JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 175 15 prohibitions prohibition NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 175 16 against against IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 175 17 divorce divorce NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 175 18 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 175 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 175 20 United United NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 175 21 States States NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 175 22 meant mean VBD en-wikipedia-org-9755 175 23 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 175 24 divorces divorce NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 175 25 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-9755 175 26 rare rare JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 175 27 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 175 28 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-9755 175 29 often often RB en-wikipedia-org-9755 175 30 seen see VBN en-wikipedia-org-9755 175 31 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 175 32 fact fact NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 175 33 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9755 175 34 driven drive VBN en-wikipedia-org-9755 175 35 matters matter NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 175 36 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 175 37 meaning mean VBG en-wikipedia-org-9755 175 38 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 175 39 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-9755 175 40 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-9755 175 41 perceived perceive VBN en-wikipedia-org-9755 175 42 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 175 43 turning turn VBG en-wikipedia-org-9755 175 44 on on RP en-wikipedia-org-9755 175 45 each each DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 175 46 case case NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 175 47 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-9755 175 48 facts fact NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 175 49 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9755 175 50 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-9755 175 51 broadly broadly RB en-wikipedia-org-9755 175 52 generalizable generalizable JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 175 53 legal legal JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 175 54 principles principle NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 175 55 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 175 56 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 175 57 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9755 175 58 rarely rarely RB en-wikipedia-org-9755 175 59 went go VBD en-wikipedia-org-9755 175 60 up up RP en-wikipedia-org-9755 175 61 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 175 62 appeal appeal NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 175 63 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 176 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 176 2 96 96 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 176 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 176 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 176 5 rise rise NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 176 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 176 7 no no DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 176 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9755 176 9 fault fault NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 176 10 divorce divorce NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 176 11 caused cause VBD en-wikipedia-org-9755 176 12 divorce divorce NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 176 13 litigation litigation NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 176 14 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-9755 176 15 shift shift VB en-wikipedia-org-9755 176 16 away away RB en-wikipedia-org-9755 176 17 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 176 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 176 19 question question NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 176 20 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 176 21 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-9755 176 22 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-9755 176 23 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 176 24 fault fault NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 176 25 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 176 26 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 176 27 collapse collapse NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 176 28 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 176 29 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 176 30 marital marital JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 176 31 relationship relationship NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 176 32 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9755 176 33 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-9755 176 34 focus focus VB en-wikipedia-org-9755 176 35 instead instead RB en-wikipedia-org-9755 176 36 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 176 37 issues issue NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 176 38 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 176 39 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 176 40 division division NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 176 41 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 176 42 property property NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 176 43 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 176 44 spousal spousal NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 176 45 support support NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 176 46 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 176 47 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9755 176 48 child child NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 176 49 support support NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 176 50 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 177 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 177 2 97 97 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 177 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 177 4 Family family NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 177 5 cases case NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 177 6 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-9755 177 7 traditionally traditionally RB en-wikipedia-org-9755 177 8 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 177 9 matter matter NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 177 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 177 11 state state NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 177 12 law law NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 177 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9755 177 14 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-9755 177 15 virtually virtually RB en-wikipedia-org-9755 177 16 always always RB en-wikipedia-org-9755 177 17 heard hear VBN en-wikipedia-org-9755 177 18 only only RB en-wikipedia-org-9755 177 19 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 177 20 state state NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 177 21 courts court NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 177 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 178 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 178 2 98][99 98][99 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 178 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 178 4 Certain certain JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 178 5 kinds kind NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 178 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 178 7 contract contract NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 178 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 178 9 tort tort NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 178 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 178 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9755 178 12 property property NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 178 13 civil civil JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 178 14 actions action NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 178 15 involving involve VBG en-wikipedia-org-9755 178 16 state state NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 178 17 law law NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 178 18 issues issue NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 178 19 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-9755 178 20 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-9755 178 21 heard hear VBN en-wikipedia-org-9755 178 22 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 178 23 federal federal JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 178 24 courts court NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 178 25 under under IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 178 26 diversity diversity NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 178 27 jurisdiction jurisdiction NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 178 28 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 178 29 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-9755 178 30 federal federal JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 178 31 courts court NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 178 32 decline decline VBP en-wikipedia-org-9755 178 33 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-9755 178 34 hear hear VB en-wikipedia-org-9755 178 35 family family NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 178 36 cases case NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 178 37 under under IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 178 38 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 178 39 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-9755 178 40 domestic domestic JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 178 41 relations relation NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 178 42 exception exception NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 178 43 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-9755 178 44 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-9755 178 45 diversity diversity VB en-wikipedia-org-9755 178 46 jurisdiction jurisdiction NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 178 47 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 179 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 179 2 98 98 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 179 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 179 4 Although although IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 179 5 family family NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 179 6 cases case NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 179 7 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-9755 179 8 heard hear VBN en-wikipedia-org-9755 179 9 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 179 10 state state NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 179 11 courts court NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 179 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 179 13 there there EX en-wikipedia-org-9755 179 14 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9755 179 15 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-9755 179 16 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 179 17 trend trend NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 179 18 towards towards IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 179 19 federalization federalization NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 179 20 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 179 21 certain certain JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 179 22 specific specific JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 179 23 issues issue NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 179 24 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 179 25 family family NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 179 26 law law NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 179 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 180 1 State state NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 180 2 courts court NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 180 3 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9755 180 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 180 5 lawyers lawyer NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 180 6 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-9755 180 7 practice practice VBP en-wikipedia-org-9755 180 8 before before IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 180 9 them -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-9755 180 10 must must MD en-wikipedia-org-9755 180 11 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-9755 180 12 aware aware JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 180 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 180 14 federal federal JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 180 15 income income NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 180 16 tax tax NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 180 17 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9755 180 18 bankruptcy bankruptcy NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 180 19 implications implication NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 180 20 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 180 21 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 180 22 divorce divorce NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 180 23 judgment judgment NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 180 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 180 25 federal federal JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 180 26 constitutional constitutional JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 180 27 rights right NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 180 28 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 180 29 abortion abortion NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 180 30 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9755 180 31 paternity paternity NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 180 32 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 180 33 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9755 180 34 federal federal JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 180 35 statutes statute NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 180 36 governing govern VBG en-wikipedia-org-9755 180 37 interstate interstate JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 180 38 child child NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 180 39 custody custody NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 180 40 disputes dispute NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 180 41 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9755 180 42 interstate interstate JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 180 43 child child NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 180 44 support support NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 180 45 enforcement enforcement NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 180 46 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 181 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 181 2 99 99 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 181 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 181 4 See see VB en-wikipedia-org-9755 181 5 also[edit also[edit LS en-wikipedia-org-9755 181 6 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 181 7 Admission admission NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 181 8 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 181 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 181 10 bar bar NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 181 11 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 181 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 181 13 United United NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 181 14 States States NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 181 15 Attorneys Attorneys NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 181 16 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 181 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 181 18 United United NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 181 19 States States NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 181 20 Black Black NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 181 21 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-9755 181 22 Law Law NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 181 23 Dictionary Dictionary NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 181 24 Courts Courts NNPS en-wikipedia-org-9755 181 25 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 181 26 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 181 27 United United NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 181 28 States States NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 181 29 Legal Legal NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 181 30 education education NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 181 31 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 181 32 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 181 33 United United NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 181 34 States States NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 181 35 Law Law NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 181 36 school school NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 181 37 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 181 38 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 181 39 United United NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 181 40 States States NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 181 41 Legal Legal NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 181 42 systems system NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 181 43 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 181 44 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 181 45 world world NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 181 46 Privacy Privacy NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 181 47 laws law NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 181 48 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 181 49 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 181 50 United United NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 181 51 States States NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 181 52 Lists[edit lists[edit NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 181 53 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 181 54 Legal legal JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 181 55 research research NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 181 56 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 181 57 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 181 58 United United NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 181 59 States States NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 181 60 List List NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 181 61 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 181 62 sources source NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 181 63 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 181 64 law law NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 181 65 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 181 66 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 181 67 United United NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 181 68 States States NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 181 69 List List NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 181 70 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 181 71 Uniform Uniform NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 181 72 Acts Acts NNPS en-wikipedia-org-9755 181 73 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 181 74 United United NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 181 75 States)—intended States)—intended NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 181 76 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 181 77 state state NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 181 78 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9755 181 79 level level NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 181 80 legislation legislation NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 181 81 List list NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 181 82 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 181 83 United United NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 181 84 States States NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 181 85 federal federal JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 181 86 legislation legislation NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 181 87 List List NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 181 88 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 181 89 United United NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 181 90 States States NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 181 91 Supreme Supreme NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 181 92 Court Court NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 181 93 cases case NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 181 94 References[edit references[edit VBP en-wikipedia-org-9755 181 95 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 181 96 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 181 97 See see VB en-wikipedia-org-9755 181 98 Stephen Stephen NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 181 99 Elias Elias NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 181 100 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9755 181 101 Susan Susan NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 181 102 Levinkind Levinkind NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 181 103 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 181 104 Legal Legal NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 181 105 Research Research NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 181 106 : : : en-wikipedia-org-9755 181 107 How how WRB en-wikipedia-org-9755 181 108 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-9755 181 109 Find find VB en-wikipedia-org-9755 181 110 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-9755 181 111 Understand Understand NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 181 112 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 181 113 Law Law NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 181 114 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 181 115 14th 14th JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 181 116 ed ed NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 181 117 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 182 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 182 2 Berkeley Berkeley NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 182 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-9755 182 4 Nolo Nolo NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 182 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 182 6 2005 2005 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 182 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 182 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 182 9 22 22 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 182 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 183 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-9755 183 2 Ex Ex NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 183 3 parte parte VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9755 183 4 Virginia Virginia NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 183 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 183 6 100 100 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 183 7 U.S. U.S. NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 183 8 339 339 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 183 9 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 183 10 1880 1880 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 183 11 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 183 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 184 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-9755 184 2 Head Head NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 184 3 Money Money NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 184 4 Cases Cases NNPS en-wikipedia-org-9755 184 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 184 6 112 112 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 184 7 U.S. U.S. NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 184 8 580 580 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 184 9 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 184 10 1884 1884 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 184 11 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 184 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 185 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 185 2 Skidmore Skidmore NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 185 3 v. v. CC en-wikipedia-org-9755 185 4 Swift Swift NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 185 5 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-9755 185 6 Co. Co. NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 185 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 185 8 323 323 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 185 9 U.S. U.S. NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 185 10 134 134 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 185 11 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 185 12 1944 1944 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 185 13 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 185 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 186 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 186 2 Cooper Cooper NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 186 3 v. v. IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 186 4 Aaron Aaron NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 186 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 186 6 358 358 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 186 7 U.S. U.S. NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 186 8 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 186 9 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 186 10 1958 1958 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 186 11 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 186 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 187 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 187 2 William William NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 187 3 Burnham Burnham NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 187 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 187 5 Introduction introduction NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 187 6 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 187 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 187 8 Law Law NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 187 9 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9755 187 10 Legal Legal NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 187 11 System System NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 187 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 187 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 187 14 United United NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 187 15 States States NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 187 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 187 17 4th 4th JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 187 18 ed ed NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 187 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 188 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 188 2 St. St. NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 188 3 Paul Paul NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 188 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 188 5 MN MN NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 188 6 : : : en-wikipedia-org-9755 188 7 Thomson Thomson NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 188 8 West West NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 188 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 188 10 2006 2006 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 188 11 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 188 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 188 13 41 41 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 188 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 189 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-9755 189 2 Gregory Gregory NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 189 3 v. v. IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 189 4 Ashcroft Ashcroft NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 189 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 189 6 501 501 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 189 7 U.S. U.S. NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 189 8 452 452 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 189 9 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 189 10 1991 1991 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 189 11 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 189 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 190 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-9755 190 2 Kowalski Kowalski NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 190 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 190 4 Tonya Tonya NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 190 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 190 6 2009 2009 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 190 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 190 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 191 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-9755 191 2 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 191 3 Forgotten Forgotten NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 191 4 Sovereigns Sovereigns NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 191 5 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-9755 191 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 192 1 Fla. Florida NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 192 2 St. St. NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 192 3 U. U. NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 192 4 L. L. NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 192 5 Rev. Rev. NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 193 1 36 36 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 193 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 193 3 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 193 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 193 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-9755 193 6 765–826 765–826 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 193 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 194 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 194 2 United United NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 194 3 States States NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 194 4 v. v. IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 194 5 Lopez Lopez NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 194 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 194 7 514 514 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 194 8 U.S. U.S. NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 194 9 549 549 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 194 10 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 194 11 1995 1995 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 194 12 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 194 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 195 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-9755 195 2 Pruneyard Pruneyard NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 195 3 Shopping Shopping NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 195 4 Center Center NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 195 5 v. v. IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 195 6 Robins Robins NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 195 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 195 8 447 447 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 195 9 U.S. U.S. NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 195 10 74 74 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 195 11 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 195 12 1980 1980 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 195 13 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 195 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 196 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-9755 196 2 California California NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 196 3 v. v. IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 196 4 Ramos Ramos NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 196 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 196 6 463 463 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 196 7 U.S. U.S. NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 196 8 992 992 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 196 9 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 196 10 1983 1983 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 196 11 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 196 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 197 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 197 2 Hughes Hughes NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 197 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 197 4 Graham Graham NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 197 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 197 6 1996 1996 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 197 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 197 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 198 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-9755 198 2 Common Common NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 198 3 Law Law NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 198 4 Systems Systems NNPS en-wikipedia-org-9755 198 5 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-9755 198 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 199 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 199 2 Morisson Morisson NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 199 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 199 4 Alan Alan NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 199 5 B. B. NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 200 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 200 2 ed ed NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 200 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 200 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 200 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 201 1 Fundamentals fundamental NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 201 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 201 3 American American NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 201 4 Law Law NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 201 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 202 1 Oxford oxford NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 202 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-9755 202 3 Oxford Oxford NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 202 4 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 202 5 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 202 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 203 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 203 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 204 1 9–26 9–26 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 204 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 205 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 205 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-9755 205 3 9780198764052 9780198764052 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 205 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 206 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 206 2 August August NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 206 3 11 11 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 206 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 206 5 2020 2020 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 206 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 207 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 207 2 Friedman Friedman NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 207 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 207 4 Lawrence Lawrence NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 207 5 M. M. NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 207 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 207 7 2019 2019 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 207 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 207 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 208 1 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 208 2 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 208 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 208 4 American American NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 208 5 Law Law NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 208 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 208 7 4th 4th NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 208 8   _SP en-wikipedia-org-9755 208 9 ed ed NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 208 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 208 11 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 208 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 209 1 Oxford oxford NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 209 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-9755 209 3 Oxford Oxford NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 209 4 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 209 5 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 209 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 210 1 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 210 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-9755 210 3 646 646 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 210 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 211 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 211 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-9755 211 3 9780190070915 9780190070915 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 211 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 212 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 212 2 August August NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 212 3 11 11 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 212 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 212 5 2020 2020 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 212 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 213 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 213 2 Hughes Hughes NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 213 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 213 4 Graham Graham NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 213 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 213 6 1996 1996 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 213 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 213 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 214 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-9755 214 2 Common Common NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 214 3 Law Law NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 214 4 Systems Systems NNPS en-wikipedia-org-9755 214 5 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-9755 214 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 215 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 215 2 Morisson Morisson NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 215 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 215 4 Alan Alan NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 215 5 B. B. NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 216 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 216 2 ed ed NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 216 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 216 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 216 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 217 1 Fundamentals fundamental NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 217 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 217 3 American American NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 217 4 Law Law NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 217 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 218 1 Oxford oxford NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 218 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-9755 218 3 Oxford Oxford NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 218 4 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 218 5 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 218 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 219 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 219 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 220 1 9–26 9–26 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 220 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 221 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 221 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-9755 221 3 9780198764052 9780198764052 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 221 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 222 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 222 2 August August NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 222 3 11 11 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 222 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 222 5 2020 2020 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 222 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 223 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 223 2 Friedman Friedman NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 223 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 223 4 Lawrence Lawrence NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 223 5 M. M. NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 223 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 223 7 2019 2019 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 223 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 223 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 224 1 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 224 2 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 224 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 224 4 American American NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 224 5 Law Law NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 224 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 224 7 4th 4th NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 224 8   _SP en-wikipedia-org-9755 224 9 ed ed NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 224 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 224 11 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 224 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 225 1 Oxford oxford NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 225 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-9755 225 3 Oxford Oxford NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 225 4 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 225 5 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 225 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 226 1 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 226 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-9755 226 3 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 226 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 227 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 227 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-9755 227 3 9780190070915 9780190070915 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 227 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 228 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 228 2 August August NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 228 3 11 11 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 228 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 228 5 2020 2020 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 228 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 229 1 Professor Professor NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 229 2 Friedman Friedman NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 229 3 points point VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9755 229 4 out out RP en-wikipedia-org-9755 229 5 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 229 6 English english JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 229 7 law law NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 229 8 itself -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-9755 229 9 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-9755 229 10 never never RB en-wikipedia-org-9755 229 11 completely completely RB en-wikipedia-org-9755 229 12 uniform uniform JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 229 13 across across IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 229 14 England England NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 229 15 prior prior RB en-wikipedia-org-9755 229 16 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 229 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 229 18 20th 20th JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 229 19 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 229 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 230 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 230 2 result result NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 230 3 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-9755 230 4 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 230 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 230 6 colonists colonist NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 230 7 recreated recreate VBD en-wikipedia-org-9755 230 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 230 9 legal legal JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 230 10 diversity diversity NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 230 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 230 12 English english JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 230 13 law law NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 230 14 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 230 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 230 16 American american JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 230 17 colonies colony NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 230 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 231 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 231 2 White White NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 231 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 231 4 G. G. NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 231 5 Edward Edward NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 231 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 231 7 2012 2012 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 231 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 231 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 232 1 Law law NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 232 2 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 232 3 American American NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 232 4 History History NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 232 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 232 6 Volume volume NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 232 7 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 232 8 : : : en-wikipedia-org-9755 232 9 From from IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 232 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 232 11 Colonial Colonial NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 232 12 Years Years NNPS en-wikipedia-org-9755 232 13 Through through IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 232 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 232 15 Civil Civil NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 232 16 War War NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 232 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 233 1 Oxford oxford NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 233 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-9755 233 3 Oxford Oxford NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 233 4 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 233 5 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 233 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 234 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 234 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 235 1 49–50 49–50 LS en-wikipedia-org-9755 235 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 236 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 236 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-9755 236 3 9780195102475 9780195102475 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 236 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 237 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 237 2 August August NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 237 3 11 11 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 237 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 237 5 2020 2020 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 237 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 238 1 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 238 2 Paul Paul NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 238 3 Bergman Bergman NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 238 4 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9755 238 5 Sara Sara NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 238 6 J. J. NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 238 7 Berman Berman NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 238 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9755 238 9 Barrett Barrett NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 238 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 238 11 Represent represent VB en-wikipedia-org-9755 238 12 Yourself -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-9755 238 13 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 238 14 Court Court NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 238 15 : : : en-wikipedia-org-9755 238 16 How how WRB en-wikipedia-org-9755 238 17 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-9755 238 18 Prepare prepare VB en-wikipedia-org-9755 238 19 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-9755 238 20 Try try VB en-wikipedia-org-9755 238 21 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 238 22 Winning Winning NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 238 23 Case Case NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 238 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 238 25 6th 6th JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 238 26 ed ed NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 238 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 239 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 239 2 Berkeley Berkeley NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 239 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-9755 239 4 Nolo Nolo NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 239 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 239 6 2008 2008 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 239 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 239 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 239 9 481 481 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 239 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 240 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 240 2 See see UH en-wikipedia-org-9755 240 3 Marbury Marbury NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 240 4 v. v. IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 240 5 Madison Madison NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 240 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 240 7 5 5 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 240 8 U.S. U.S. NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 240 9 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 240 10 Cranch Cranch NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 240 11 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 240 12 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 240 13 137 137 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 240 14 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 240 15 1803 1803 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 240 16 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 240 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 241 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 241 2 James James NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 241 3 B. B. NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 241 4 Beam Beam NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 241 5 Distilling Distilling NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 241 6 Co. Co. NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 241 7 v. v. IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 241 8 Georgia Georgia NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 241 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 241 10 501 501 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 241 11 U.S. U.S. NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 241 12 529 529 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 241 13 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 241 14 1991 1991 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 241 15 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 241 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 242 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 242 2 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 242 3 case case NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 242 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 242 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 242 6 Supreme Supreme NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 242 7 Court Court NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 242 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 242 9 Georgia Georgia NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 242 10 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-9755 242 11 stubbornly stubbornly RB en-wikipedia-org-9755 242 12 refused refuse VBN en-wikipedia-org-9755 242 13 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-9755 242 14 retroactively retroactively RB en-wikipedia-org-9755 242 15 apply apply VB en-wikipedia-org-9755 242 16 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 242 17 1984 1984 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 242 18 U.S. U.S. NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 242 19 Supreme Supreme NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 242 20 Court Court NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 242 21 decision decision NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 242 22 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-9755 242 23 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-9755 242 24 declared declare VBN en-wikipedia-org-9755 242 25 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 242 26 Hawaii Hawaii NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 242 27 statute statute NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 242 28 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-9755 242 29 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-9755 242 30 unconstitutional unconstitutional JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 242 31 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 242 32 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 242 33 violation violation NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 242 34 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 242 35 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 242 36 Commerce Commerce NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 242 37 Clause Clause NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 242 38 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 242 39 even even RB en-wikipedia-org-9755 242 40 though though IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 242 41 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-9755 242 42 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-9755 242 43 clear clear JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 242 44 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 242 45 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 242 46 Georgia Georgia NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 242 47 statute statute NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 242 48 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-9755 242 49 exactly exactly RB en-wikipedia-org-9755 242 50 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 242 51 same same JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 242 52 flaw flaw NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 242 53 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 242 54 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 242 55 Hawaii Hawaii NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 242 56 statute statute NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 242 57 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 243 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 243 2 high high JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 243 3 court court NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 243 4 reversed reverse VBN en-wikipedia-org-9755 243 5 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 243 6 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 243 7 6–3 6–3 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 243 8 majority majority NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 243 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 244 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 244 2 See see UH en-wikipedia-org-9755 244 3 Casarotto Casarotto NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 244 4 v. v. IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 244 5 Lombardi Lombardi NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 244 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 244 7 886 886 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 244 8 P.2d P.2d NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 244 9 931 931 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 244 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 244 11 940 940 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 244 12 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 244 13 Mont. Mont. NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 245 1 1994 1994 LS en-wikipedia-org-9755 245 2 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 245 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 245 4 Trieweiler Trieweiler NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 245 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 245 6 J. J. NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 245 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 245 8 specially specially RB en-wikipedia-org-9755 245 9 concurring concur VBG en-wikipedia-org-9755 245 10 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 245 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 245 12 vacated vacate VBN en-wikipedia-org-9755 245 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9755 245 14 remanded remand VBN en-wikipedia-org-9755 245 15 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 245 16 515 515 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 245 17 U.S. U.S. NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 245 18 1129 1129 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 245 19 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 245 20 1995 1995 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 245 21 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 245 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 245 23 reaff'd reaff'd NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 245 24 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9755 245 25 reinstated reinstate VBN en-wikipedia-org-9755 245 26 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 245 27 901 901 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 245 28 P.2d P.2d NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 245 29 596 596 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 245 30 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 245 31 Mont. Mont. NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 246 1 1995 1995 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 246 2 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 246 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 246 4 rev'd rev'd VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9755 246 5 sub sub NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 246 6 nom nom NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 246 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 247 1 Doctor doctor NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 247 2 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-9755 247 3 Assocs Assocs NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 247 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 247 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 247 6 Inc. Inc. NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 247 7 v. v. IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 247 8 Casarotto Casarotto NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 247 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 247 10 517 517 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 247 11 U.S. U.S. NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 247 12 681 681 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 247 13 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 247 14 1996 1996 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 247 15 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 247 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 248 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-9755 248 2 Cavazos Cavazos NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 248 3 v. v. IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 248 4 Smith Smith NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 248 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 248 6 565 565 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 248 7 U.S. U.S. NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 248 8 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 248 9 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 248 10 2011 2011 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 248 11 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 248 12 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 248 13 per per IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 248 14 curiam curiam NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 248 15 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 248 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 249 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 249 2 Friedman Friedman NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 249 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 249 4 Lawrence Lawrence NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 249 5 M. M. NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 249 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 249 7 2019 2019 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 249 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 249 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 250 1 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 250 2 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 250 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 250 4 American American NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 250 5 Law Law NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 250 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 250 7 4th 4th NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 250 8   _SP en-wikipedia-org-9755 250 9 ed ed NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 250 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 250 11 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 250 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 251 1 Oxford oxford NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 251 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-9755 251 3 Oxford Oxford NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 251 4 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 251 5 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 251 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 252 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 252 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 253 1 79–81 79–81 LS en-wikipedia-org-9755 253 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 254 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 254 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-9755 254 3 9780190070915 9780190070915 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 254 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 255 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 255 2 August August NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 255 3 11 11 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 255 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 255 5 2020 2020 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 255 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 256 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 256 2 U.S. U.S. NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 257 1 Const Const NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 257 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 257 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 257 4 Art art NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 257 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 258 1 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 258 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 258 3 § § ADD en-wikipedia-org-9755 258 4 § § CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 258 5 9 9 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 258 6 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9755 258 7 10 10 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 258 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 259 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 259 2 U.S. U.S. NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 260 1 Const Const NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 260 2 . . NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 260 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 260 4 Amend amend VB en-wikipedia-org-9755 260 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 261 1 IV IV NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 261 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 262 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 262 2 John John NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 262 3 C. C. NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 262 4 Dernbach Dernbach NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 262 5 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9755 262 6 Cathleen Cathleen NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 262 7 S. S. NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 262 8 Wharton Wharton NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 262 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 262 10 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 262 11 Practical practical JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 262 12 Guide Guide NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 262 13 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 262 14 Legal Legal NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 262 15 Writing Writing NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 262 16 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-9755 262 17 Legal Legal NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 262 18 Method Method NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 262 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 262 20 2nd 2nd JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 262 21 ed ed NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 262 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 263 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 263 2 Buffalo Buffalo NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 263 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-9755 263 4 William William NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 263 5 S. S. NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 263 6 Hein Hein NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 263 7 Publishing Publishing NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 263 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 263 9 1994 1994 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 263 10 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 263 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 263 12 34–36 34–36 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 263 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 264 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-9755 264 2 Scalia Scalia NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 264 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 264 4 Antonin Antonin NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 264 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 264 6 2018 2018 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 264 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 264 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 265 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-9755 265 2 Common Common NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 265 3 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9755 265 4 Law Law NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 265 5 Courts Courts NNPS en-wikipedia-org-9755 265 6 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 265 7 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 265 8 Civil civil JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 265 9 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9755 265 10 Law law NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 265 11 System system NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 265 12 : : : en-wikipedia-org-9755 265 13 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 265 14 Role Role NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 265 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 265 16 United United NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 265 17 States States NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 265 18 Federal Federal NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 265 19 Courts Courts NNPS en-wikipedia-org-9755 265 20 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 265 21 Interpreting interpret VBG en-wikipedia-org-9755 265 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 265 23 Constitution Constitution NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 265 24 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9755 265 25 Laws Laws NNPS en-wikipedia-org-9755 265 26 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-9755 265 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 266 1 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 266 2 Matter matter NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 266 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 266 4 Interpretation interpretation NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 266 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-9755 266 6 Federal Federal NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 266 7 Courts Courts NNPS en-wikipedia-org-9755 266 8 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9755 266 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 266 10 Law Law NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 266 11 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 266 12 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 266 13   _SP en-wikipedia-org-9755 266 14 ed ed NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 266 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 266 16 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 266 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 267 1 Princeton Princeton NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 267 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-9755 267 3 Princeton Princeton NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 267 4 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 267 5 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 267 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 268 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 268 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 269 1 3–48 3–48 NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 269 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 270 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 270 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-9755 270 3 9780691174044 9780691174044 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 270 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 271 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-9755 271 2 Miles Miles NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 271 3 O. O. NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 272 1 Price Price NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 272 2 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-9755 272 3 Harry Harry NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 272 4 Bitner Bitner NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 272 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 272 6 Effective Effective NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 272 7 Legal Legal NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 272 8 Research Research NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 272 9 : : : en-wikipedia-org-9755 272 10 A A NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 272 11 Practical Practical NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 272 12 Manual Manual NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 272 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 272 14 Law Law NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 272 15 Books Books NNPS en-wikipedia-org-9755 272 16 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9755 272 17 Their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-9755 272 18 Use Use NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 272 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 272 20 3rd 3rd JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 272 21 ed ed NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 272 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 273 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 273 2 Buffalo Buffalo NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 273 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-9755 273 4 William William NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 273 5 Hein Hein NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 273 6 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-9755 273 7 Co. Co. NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 273 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 273 9 1969 1969 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 273 10 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 273 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 273 12 272 272 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 273 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 274 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 274 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 274 3 b b NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 274 4 Ibid Ibid NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 274 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 275 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 275 2 See see UH en-wikipedia-org-9755 275 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 275 4 e.g. e.g. RB en-wikipedia-org-9755 275 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 275 6 Gomez Gomez NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 275 7 v. v. IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 275 8 Superior Superior NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 275 9 Court Court NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 275 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 275 11 35 35 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 275 12 Cal Cal NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 275 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 276 1 4th 4th JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 276 2 1125 1125 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 276 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 276 4 29 29 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 276 5 Cal cal CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 276 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 277 1 Rptr Rptr NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 277 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 278 1 3d 3d NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 278 2 352 352 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 278 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 278 4 113 113 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 278 5 P.3d p.3d NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 278 6 41 41 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 278 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 278 8 2005 2005 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 278 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 278 10 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 278 11 citing cite VBG en-wikipedia-org-9755 278 12 Lovett Lovett NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 278 13 v. v. IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 278 14 Hobbs Hobbs NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 278 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 278 16 89 89 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 278 17 Eng Eng NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 278 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 279 1 Rep. Rep. NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 279 2 836 836 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 279 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 279 4 1680 1680 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 279 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 279 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 279 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 280 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 280 2 Gomez Gomez NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 280 3 court court NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 280 4 relied rely VBD en-wikipedia-org-9755 280 5 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 280 6 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 280 7 line line NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 280 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 280 9 cases case NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 280 10 originating originate VBG en-wikipedia-org-9755 280 11 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 280 12 Lovett Lovett NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 280 13 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 280 14 order order NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 280 15 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-9755 280 16 hold hold VB en-wikipedia-org-9755 280 17 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 280 18 Disneyland Disneyland NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 280 19 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-9755 280 20 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 280 21 common common JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 280 22 carrier carrier NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 280 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 281 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 281 2 See see UH en-wikipedia-org-9755 281 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 281 4 e.g. e.g. RB en-wikipedia-org-9755 281 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 281 6 Phillippe Phillippe NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 281 7 v. v. CC en-wikipedia-org-9755 281 8 Shapell Shapell NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 281 9 Industries Industries NNPS en-wikipedia-org-9755 281 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 281 11 43 43 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 281 12 Cal cal CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 281 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 282 1 3d 3d NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 282 2 1247 1247 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 282 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 282 4 241 241 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 282 5 Cal Cal NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 282 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 283 1 Rptr Rptr NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 283 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 284 1 22 22 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 284 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 284 3 743 743 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 284 4 P.2d p.2d NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 284 5 1279 1279 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 284 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 284 7 1987 1987 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 284 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 284 9 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 284 10 citing cite VBG en-wikipedia-org-9755 284 11 original original JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 284 12 Statute Statute NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 284 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 284 14 Frauds Frauds NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 284 15 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 284 16 England England NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 284 17 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 284 18 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9755 284 19 Meija Meija NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 284 20 v. v. IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 284 21 Reed Reed NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 284 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 284 23 31 31 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 284 24 Cal.4th Cal.4th NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 284 25 657 657 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 284 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 284 27 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 284 28 Cal Cal NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 284 29 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 285 1 Rptr Rptr NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 285 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 286 1 3d 3d NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 286 2 390 390 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 286 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 286 4 74 74 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 286 5 P.3d p.3d NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 286 6 166 166 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 286 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 286 8 2003 2003 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 286 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 286 10 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 286 11 citing cite VBG en-wikipedia-org-9755 286 12 Statute Statute NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 286 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 286 14 13 13 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 286 15 Elizabeth Elizabeth NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 286 16 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 286 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 287 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 287 2 Burnham Burnham NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 287 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 287 4 43–44 43–44 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 287 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 288 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 288 2 Friedman Friedman NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 288 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 288 4 Lawrence Lawrence NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 288 5 M. M. NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 288 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 288 7 2019 2019 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 288 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 288 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 289 1 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 289 2 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 289 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 289 4 American American NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 289 5 Law Law NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 289 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 289 7 4th 4th NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 289 8   _SP en-wikipedia-org-9755 289 9 ed ed NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 289 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 289 11 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 289 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 290 1 Oxford oxford NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 290 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-9755 290 3 Oxford Oxford NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 290 4 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 290 5 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 290 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 291 1 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 291 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-9755 291 3 83 83 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 291 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 292 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 292 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-9755 292 3 9780190070915 9780190070915 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 292 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 293 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 293 2 August August NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 293 3 11 11 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 293 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 293 5 2020 2020 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 293 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 294 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-9755 294 2 Elizabeth Elizabeth NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 294 3 Gaspar Gaspar NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 294 4 Brown Brown NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 294 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 294 6 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-9755 294 7 Frontier Frontier NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 294 8 Justice Justice NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 294 9 : : : en-wikipedia-org-9755 294 10 Wayne Wayne NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 294 11 County County NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 294 12 1796–1836 1796–1836 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 294 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 294 14 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-9755 294 15 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 294 16 Essays essay NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 294 17 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 294 18 Nineteenth Nineteenth NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 294 19 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9755 294 20 Century Century NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 294 21 American American NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 294 22 Legal Legal NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 294 23 History History NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 294 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 294 25 ed ed NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 294 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 295 1 Wythe wythe DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 295 2 Holt Holt NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 295 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 295 4 676–703 676–703 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 295 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 295 6 Westport westport NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 295 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 295 8 CT CT NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 295 9 : : : en-wikipedia-org-9755 295 10 Greenwood Greenwood NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 295 11 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 295 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 295 13 1976 1976 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 295 14 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 295 15 : : : en-wikipedia-org-9755 295 16 686 686 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 295 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 296 1 Between between IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 296 2 1808 1808 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 296 3 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9755 296 4 1828 1828 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 296 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 296 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 296 7 briefs brief NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 296 8 filed file VBD en-wikipedia-org-9755 296 9 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 296 10 court court NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 296 11 cases case NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 296 12 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 296 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 296 14 Territory Territory NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 296 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 296 16 Michigan Michigan NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 296 17 changed change VBD en-wikipedia-org-9755 296 18 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 296 19 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 296 20 complete complete JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 296 21 reliance reliance NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 296 22 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 296 23 English english JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 296 24 sources source NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 296 25 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 296 26 law law NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 296 27 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 296 28 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 296 29 increasing increase VBG en-wikipedia-org-9755 296 30 reliance reliance NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 296 31 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 296 32 citations citation NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 296 33 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 296 34 American american JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 296 35 sources source NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 296 36 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 297 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 297 2 Friedman Friedman NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 297 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 297 4 Lawrence Lawrence NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 297 5 M. M. NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 297 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 297 7 2019 2019 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 297 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 297 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 298 1 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 298 2 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 298 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 298 4 American American NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 298 5 Law Law NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 298 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 298 7 4th 4th NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 298 8   _SP en-wikipedia-org-9755 298 9 ed ed NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 298 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 298 11 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 298 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 299 1 Oxford oxford NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 299 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-9755 299 3 Oxford Oxford NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 299 4 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 299 5 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 299 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 300 1 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 300 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-9755 300 3 605 605 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 300 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 301 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 301 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-9755 301 3 9780190070915 9780190070915 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 301 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 302 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 302 2 August August NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 302 3 11 11 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 302 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 302 5 2020 2020 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 302 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 303 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-9755 303 2 People People NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 303 3 v. v. IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 303 4 Kelly Kelly NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 303 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 303 6 40 40 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 303 7 Cal.4th Cal.4th NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 303 8 106 106 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 303 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 303 10 51 51 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 303 11 Cal Cal NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 303 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 304 1 Rptr Rptr NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 304 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 305 1 3d 3d NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 305 2 98 98 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 305 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 305 4 146 146 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 305 5 P.3d P.3d NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 305 6 547 547 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 305 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 305 8 2006 2006 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 305 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 305 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 306 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 306 2 Willis Willis NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 306 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 306 4 E.B. E.B. NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 307 1 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-9755 307 2 Stockton Stockton NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 307 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 307 4 P.K. P.K. NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 308 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 308 2 1881 1881 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 308 3 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 308 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 309 1 Debates Debates NNPS en-wikipedia-org-9755 309 2 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9755 309 3 Proceedings Proceedings NNPS en-wikipedia-org-9755 309 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 309 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 309 6 Constitutional Constitutional NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 309 7 Convention Convention NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 309 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 309 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 309 10 State State NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 309 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 309 12 California California NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 309 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 309 14 Convened convene VBN en-wikipedia-org-9755 309 15 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 309 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 309 17 City City NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 309 18 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 309 19 Sacramento Sacramento NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 309 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 309 21 Saturday Saturday NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 309 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 309 23 September September NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 309 24 28 28 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 309 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 309 26 1878 1878 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 309 27 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 309 28 Vol Vol NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 309 29 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 310 1 III iii CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 310 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 311 1 Sacramento Sacramento NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 311 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-9755 311 3 State State NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 311 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 311 5 California California NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 311 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 312 1 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 312 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-9755 312 3 1455 1455 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 312 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 313 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 313 2 Friedman Friedman NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 313 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 313 4 Lawrence Lawrence NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 313 5 M. M. NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 313 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 313 7 2004 2004 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 313 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 313 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 314 1 American American NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 314 2 Law Law NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 314 3 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 314 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 314 5 Twentieth Twentieth NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 314 6 Century Century NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 314 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 315 1 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 315 2 Haven Haven NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 315 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-9755 315 4 Yale Yale NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 315 5 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 315 6 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 315 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 316 1 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 316 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-9755 316 3 575 575 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 316 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 317 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 317 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-9755 317 3 9780300102994 9780300102994 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 317 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 318 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 318 2 August August NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 318 3 12 12 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 318 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 318 5 2020 2020 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 318 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 319 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 319 2 See see UH en-wikipedia-org-9755 319 3 Lawrence Lawrence NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 319 4 v. v. IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 319 5 Texas Texas NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 319 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 319 7 538 538 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 319 8 U.S. U.S. NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 319 9 558 558 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 319 10 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 319 11 2003 2003 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 319 12 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 319 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 319 14 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 319 15 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-9755 319 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 319 17 majority majority NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 319 18 cited cite VBD en-wikipedia-org-9755 319 19 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 319 20 European european JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 319 21 court court NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 319 22 decision decision NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 319 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 319 24 Dudgeon Dudgeon NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 319 25 v. v. IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 319 26 United United NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 319 27 Kingdom Kingdom NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 319 28 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 319 29 45 45 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 319 30 Eur Eur NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 319 31 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 320 1 Ct Ct NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 320 2 . . NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 320 3 H. H. NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 320 4 R. R. NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 320 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 320 6 1981 1981 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 320 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 320 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 320 9 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 320 10 indicative indicative JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 320 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 320 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 320 13 shared shared JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 320 14 values value NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 320 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 320 16 Western western JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 320 17 civilization civilization NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 320 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 321 1 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-9755 321 2 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-9755 321 3 About about IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 321 4 Public public JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 321 5 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9755 321 6 Private Private NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 321 7 Laws Laws NNPS en-wikipedia-org-9755 321 8 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-9755 321 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 322 1 United United NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 322 2 States States NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 322 3 Government Government NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 322 4 Printing Printing NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 322 5 Office Office NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 322 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 323 1 Cite Cite NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 323 2 journal journal NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 323 3 requires require VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9755 323 4 |journal= |journal= NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 323 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 323 6 help help NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 323 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 323 8 ^ ^ VB en-wikipedia-org-9755 323 9 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-9755 323 10 About about IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 323 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 323 12 US US NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 323 13 Code Code NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 323 14 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-9755 323 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 324 1 US US NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 324 2 Government Government NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 324 3 Publishing Publishing NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 324 4 Office Office NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 324 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 325 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 325 2 Duffy Duffy NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 325 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 325 4 John John NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 325 5 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-9755 325 6 Herz Herz NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 325 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 325 8 Michael Michael NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 325 9 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 325 10 2005 2005 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 325 11 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 325 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 326 1 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 326 2 Guide Guide NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 326 3 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 326 4 Judicial Judicial NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 326 5 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9755 326 6 Political Political NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 326 7 Review Review NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 326 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 326 9 Federal Federal NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 326 10 Agencies Agencies NNPS en-wikipedia-org-9755 326 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 327 1 Chicago Chicago NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 327 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-9755 327 3 American American NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 327 4 Bar Bar NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 327 5 Association Association NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 327 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 328 1 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 328 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-9755 328 3 54 54 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 328 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 329 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 329 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-9755 329 3 9781590314838 9781590314838 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 329 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 330 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 330 2 Hughes Hughes NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 330 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 330 4 Graham Graham NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 330 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 330 6 1996 1996 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 330 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 330 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 331 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-9755 331 2 Common Common NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 331 3 Law Law NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 331 4 Systems Systems NNPS en-wikipedia-org-9755 331 5 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-9755 331 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 332 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 332 2 Morisson Morisson NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 332 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 332 4 Alan Alan NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 332 5 B. B. NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 333 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 333 2 ed ed NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 333 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 333 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 333 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 334 1 Fundamentals fundamental NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 334 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 334 3 American American NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 334 4 Law Law NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 334 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 335 1 Oxford oxford NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 335 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-9755 335 3 Oxford Oxford NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 335 4 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 335 5 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 335 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 336 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 336 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 337 1 9–26 9–26 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 337 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 338 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 338 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-9755 338 3 9780198764052 9780198764052 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 338 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 339 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 339 2 August August NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 339 3 11 11 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 339 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 339 5 2020 2020 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 339 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 340 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 340 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 340 3 b b NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 340 4 c c NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 340 5 d d NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 340 6 e e NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 340 7 f f NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 340 8 g g NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 340 9 h h NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 340 10 Hart Hart NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 340 11 v. v. IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 340 12 Massanari Massanari NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 340 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 340 14 266 266 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 340 15 F.3d f.3d NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 340 16 1155 1155 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 340 17 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 340 18 9th 9th NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 340 19 Cir Cir NNPS en-wikipedia-org-9755 340 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 341 1 2001 2001 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 341 2 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 341 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 341 4 citing cite VBG en-wikipedia-org-9755 341 5 Anastasoff Anastasoff NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 341 6 v. v. IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 341 7 United United NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 341 8 States States NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 341 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 341 10 223 223 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 341 11 F.3d f.3d NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 341 12 898 898 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 341 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 341 14 vacated vacate VBD en-wikipedia-org-9755 341 15 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 341 16 moot moot JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 341 17 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 341 18 reh'g reh'g NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 341 19 en en IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 341 20 banc banc NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 341 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 341 22 235 235 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 341 23 F.3d f.3d NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 341 24 1054 1054 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 341 25 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 341 26 8th 8th JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 341 27 Cir Cir NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 341 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 342 1 2000 2000 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 342 2 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 342 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 343 1 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 343 2 Michael Michael NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 343 3 J. J. NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 343 4 Gerhardt Gerhardt NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 343 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 343 6 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 343 7 Power Power NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 343 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 343 9 Precedent Precedent NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 343 10 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 343 11 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 343 12 York York NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 343 13 : : : en-wikipedia-org-9755 343 14 Oxford Oxford NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 343 15 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 343 16 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 343 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 343 18 2008 2008 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 343 19 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 343 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 343 21 59 59 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 343 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 344 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 344 2 Daniel Daniel NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 344 3 A. A. NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 344 4 Farber Farber NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 344 5 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9755 344 6 Suzanna Suzanna NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 344 7 Sherry Sherry NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 344 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 344 9 Judgment Judgment NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 344 10 Calls call VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9755 344 11 : : : en-wikipedia-org-9755 344 12 Principle principle NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 344 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9755 344 14 Politics Politics NNPS en-wikipedia-org-9755 344 15 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 344 16 Constitutional Constitutional NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 344 17 Law Law NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 344 18 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 344 19 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 344 20 York York NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 344 21 : : : en-wikipedia-org-9755 344 22 Oxford Oxford NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 344 23 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 344 24 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 344 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 344 26 2008 2008 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 344 27 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 344 28 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 344 29 70–71 70–71 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 344 30 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 345 1 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 345 2 Frederick Frederick NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 345 3 Schauer Schauer NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 345 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 345 5 Precedent Precedent NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 345 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 345 7 39 39 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 345 8 Stan Stan NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 345 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 346 1 L. L. NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 346 2 Rev. Rev. NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 347 1 571 571 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 347 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 347 3 595–602 595–602 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 347 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 347 5 1987 1987 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 347 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 347 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 348 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 348 2 Starger Starger NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 348 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 348 4 Colin Colin NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 348 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 348 6 2013 2013 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 348 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 348 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 349 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-9755 349 2 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 349 3 Dialectic Dialectic NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 349 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 349 5 Stare Stare NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 349 6 Decisis Decisis NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 349 7 Doctrine Doctrine NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 349 8 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-9755 349 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 350 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 350 2 Peters Peters NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 350 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 350 4 Christopher Christopher NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 350 5 J. J. NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 351 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 351 2 ed ed NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 351 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 351 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 351 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 352 1 Precedent precedent NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 352 2 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 352 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 352 4 United United NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 352 5 States States NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 352 6 Supreme Supreme NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 352 7 Court Court NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 352 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 353 1 Dordrecht Dordrecht NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 353 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-9755 353 3 Springer Springer NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 353 4 Science+Business Science+Business NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 353 5 Media media NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 353 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 354 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 354 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 355 1 19–46 19–46 LS en-wikipedia-org-9755 355 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 356 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 356 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-9755 356 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 356 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9755 356 5 94 94 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 356 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9755 356 7 007 007 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 356 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9755 356 9 7950 7950 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 356 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9755 356 11 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 356 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 357 1 Available available JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 357 2 via via IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 357 3 SpringerLink SpringerLink NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 357 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 358 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 358 2 John John NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 358 3 R. R. NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 358 4 Sand Sand NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 358 5 Gravel Gravel NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 358 6 Co. Co. NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 358 7 v. v. IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 358 8 United United NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 358 9 States States NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 358 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 358 11 552 552 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 358 12 U.S. U.S. NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 358 13 130 130 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 358 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 358 15 139 139 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 358 16 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 358 17 2008 2008 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 358 18 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 358 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 359 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 359 2 Cass Cass NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 359 3 R. R. NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 359 4 Sunstein Sunstein NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 359 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 359 6 Designing Designing NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 359 7 Democracy democracy NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 359 8 : : : en-wikipedia-org-9755 359 9 What what WP en-wikipedia-org-9755 359 10 Constitutions constitution NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 359 11 Do do VBP en-wikipedia-org-9755 359 12 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 359 13 Oxford Oxford NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 359 14 : : : en-wikipedia-org-9755 359 15 Oxford Oxford NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 359 16 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 359 17 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 359 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 359 19 2001 2001 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 359 20 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 359 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 359 22 80 80 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 359 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 360 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-9755 360 2 Raoul Raoul NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 360 3 Berger Berger NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 360 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 360 5 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-9755 360 6 Judicial judicial JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 360 7 Manipulation Manipulation NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 360 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 360 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 360 10 Commerce Commerce NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 360 11 Clause Clause NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 360 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 360 13 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-9755 360 14 74 74 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 360 15 Tex tex NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 360 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 361 1 L. L. NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 361 2 Rev. Rev. NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 362 1 695 695 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 362 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 362 3 Mar. March NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 363 1 1996 1996 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 363 2 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 363 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 364 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 364 2 National National NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 364 3 Federation Federation NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 364 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 364 5 Independent Independent NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 364 6 Business Business NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 364 7 v. v. IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 364 8 Sebelius Sebelius NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 364 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 364 10 567 567 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 364 11 U.S. U.S. NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 364 12 _ _ NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 364 13 _ _ NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 364 14 _ _ NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 364 15 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 364 16 2012 2012 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 364 17 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 364 18 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 364 19 Thomas Thomas NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 364 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 364 21 J. J. NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 364 22 dissenting dissent VBG en-wikipedia-org-9755 364 23 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 364 24 ^ ^ . en-wikipedia-org-9755 364 25 Dickerson Dickerson NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 364 26 v. v. IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 364 27 United United NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 364 28 States States NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 364 29 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 364 30 530 530 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 364 31 U.S. U.S. NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 364 32 428 428 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 364 33 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 364 34 2000 2000 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 364 35 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 364 36 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 364 37 Scalia Scalia NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 364 38 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 364 39 J. J. NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 364 40 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 364 41 dissenting dissent VBG en-wikipedia-org-9755 364 42 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 364 43 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 365 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 365 2 United United NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 365 3 States States NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 365 4 v. v. IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 365 5 Virginia Virginia NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 365 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 365 7 518 518 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 365 8 U.S. U.S. NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 365 9 515 515 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 365 10 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 365 11 1996 1996 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 365 12 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 365 13 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 365 14 Scalia Scalia NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 365 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 365 16 J. J. NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 365 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 365 18 dissenting dissent VBG en-wikipedia-org-9755 365 19 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 365 20 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 365 21 Planned Planned NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 365 22 Parenthood Parenthood NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 365 23 v. v. IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 365 24 Casey Casey NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 365 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 365 26 505 505 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 365 27 U.S. U.S. NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 365 28 833 833 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 365 29 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 365 30 1992 1992 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 365 31 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 365 32 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 365 33 Scalia Scalia NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 365 34 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 365 35 J. J. NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 365 36 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 365 37 dissenting dissent VBG en-wikipedia-org-9755 365 38 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 365 39 ^ ^ . en-wikipedia-org-9755 365 40 Romero Romero NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 365 41 v. v. IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 365 42 International International NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 365 43 Terminal Terminal NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 365 44 Operating Operating NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 365 45 Co. Co. NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 365 46 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 365 47 358 358 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 365 48 U.S. U.S. NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 365 49 354 354 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 365 50 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 365 51 360–361 360–361 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 365 52 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 365 53 1959 1959 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 365 54 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 365 55 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 366 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 366 2 Klaxon Klaxon NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 366 3 Co. Co. NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 366 4 v. v. IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 366 5 Stentor Stentor NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 366 6 Elec Elec NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 366 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 367 1 Mfg Mfg NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 367 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 368 1 Co. Co. NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 368 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 368 3 Inc. Inc. NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 368 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 368 5 313 313 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 368 6 U.S. U.S. NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 368 7 487 487 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 368 8 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 368 9 1941 1941 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 368 10 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 368 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 369 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 369 2 Hughes Hughes NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 369 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 369 4 Graham Graham NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 369 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 369 6 1996 1996 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 369 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 369 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 370 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-9755 370 2 Common Common NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 370 3 Law Law NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 370 4 Systems Systems NNPS en-wikipedia-org-9755 370 5 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-9755 370 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 371 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 371 2 Morisson Morisson NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 371 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 371 4 Alan Alan NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 371 5 B. B. NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 372 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 372 2 ed ed NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 372 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 372 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 372 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 373 1 Fundamentals fundamental NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 373 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 373 3 American American NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 373 4 Law Law NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 373 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 374 1 Oxford oxford NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 374 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-9755 374 3 Oxford Oxford NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 374 4 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 374 5 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 374 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 375 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 375 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 376 1 9–26 9–26 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 376 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 377 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 377 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-9755 377 3 9780198764052 9780198764052 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 377 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 378 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 378 2 August August NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 378 3 11 11 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 378 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 378 5 2020 2020 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 378 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 379 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 379 2 Trident Trident NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 379 3 Center Center NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 379 4 v. v. IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 379 5 Connecticut Connecticut NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 379 6 Gen. Gen. NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 379 7 Life Life NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 379 8 Ins Ins NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 379 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 380 1 Co. Co. NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 380 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 380 3 847 847 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 380 4 F.2d F.2d NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 380 5 564 564 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 380 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 380 7 9th 9th JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 380 8 Cir Cir NNPS en-wikipedia-org-9755 380 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 381 1 1988 1988 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 381 2 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 381 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 382 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 382 2 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 382 3 opinion opinion NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 382 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 382 5 federal federal JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 382 6 judge judge NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 382 7 Alex Alex NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 382 8 Kozinski Kozinski NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 382 9 attacked attack VBD en-wikipedia-org-9755 382 10 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 382 11 1968 1968 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 382 12 Supreme Supreme NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 382 13 Court Court NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 382 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 382 15 California California NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 382 16 opinion opinion NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 382 17 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 382 18 length length NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 382 19 before before IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 382 20 conceding concede VBG en-wikipedia-org-9755 382 21 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 382 22 under under IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 382 23 Erie Erie NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 382 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 382 25 he -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-9755 382 26 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-9755 382 27 no no DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 382 28 choice choice NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 382 29 but but IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 382 30 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-9755 382 31 apply apply VB en-wikipedia-org-9755 382 32 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 382 33 state state NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 382 34 court court NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 382 35 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-9755 382 36 reasoning reasoning NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 382 37 despite despite IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 382 38 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-9755 382 39 strong strong JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 382 40 dislike dislike NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 382 41 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 382 42 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-9755 382 43 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 383 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 383 2 Stone Stone NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 383 3 Street Street NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 383 4 Capital Capital NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 383 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 383 6 LLC LLC NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 383 7 v. v. IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 383 8 California California NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 383 9 State State NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 383 10 Lottery Lottery NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 383 11 Com Com NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 383 12 . . NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 383 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 383 14 165 165 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 383 15 Cal Cal NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 383 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 384 1 App App NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 384 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 385 1 4th 4th JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 385 2 109 109 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 385 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 385 4 123 123 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 385 5 fn fn NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 385 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 386 1 11 11 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 386 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 386 3 2008 2008 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 386 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 386 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 387 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 387 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 387 3 b b NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 387 4 c c NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 387 5 Frost Frost NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 387 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 387 7 Amanda Amanda NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 387 8 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 387 9 2015 2015 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 387 10 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 387 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 388 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-9755 388 2 Inferiority Inferiority NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 388 3 Complex Complex NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 388 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-9755 388 5 Should Should NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 388 6 State State NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 388 7 Courts Courts NNPS en-wikipedia-org-9755 388 8 Follow follow VB en-wikipedia-org-9755 388 9 Lower Lower NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 388 10 Federal Federal NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 388 11 Court Court NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 388 12 Precedent Precedent NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 388 13 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 388 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 388 15 Meaning Meaning NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 388 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 388 17 Federal Federal NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 388 18 Law Law NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 388 19 ? ? . en-wikipedia-org-9755 388 20 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-9755 389 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 389 2 PDF PDF NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 389 3 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 389 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 390 1 Vanderbilt Vanderbilt NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 390 2 Law Law NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 390 3 Review Review NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 390 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 391 1 68 68 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 391 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 391 3 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 391 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 391 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-9755 391 6 53–103 53–103 NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 391 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 392 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 392 2 Johnson Johnson NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 392 3 v. v. IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 392 4 Williams Williams NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 392 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 392 6 568 568 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 392 7 U.S. U.S. NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 392 8 289 289 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 392 9 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 392 10 2013 2013 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 392 11 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 392 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 393 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 393 2 U.S. U.S. NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 394 1 Const Const NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 394 2 . . NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 394 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 394 4 Amend amend VB en-wikipedia-org-9755 394 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 395 1 X. X. NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 396 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 396 2 See see UH en-wikipedia-org-9755 396 3 28 28 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 396 4   _SP en-wikipedia-org-9755 396 5 U.S.C. U.S.C. NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 397 1 § § ADD en-wikipedia-org-9755 397 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-9755 397 3 1257 1257 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 397 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 398 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 398 2 Olson Olson NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 398 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 398 4 Kent Kent NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 398 5 C. C. NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 398 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 398 7 1999 1999 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 398 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 398 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 399 1 Legal legal JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 399 2 Information information NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 399 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-9755 399 4 How how WRB en-wikipedia-org-9755 399 5 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-9755 399 6 Find find VB en-wikipedia-org-9755 399 7 It -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-9755 399 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 399 9 How how WRB en-wikipedia-org-9755 399 10 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-9755 399 11 Use use VB en-wikipedia-org-9755 399 12 It -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-9755 399 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 400 1 Phoenix Phoenix NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 400 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-9755 400 3 Greenwood Greenwood NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 400 4 Publishing Publishing NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 400 5 Group Group NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 400 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 401 1 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 401 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-9755 401 3 6 6 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 401 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 402 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 402 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-9755 402 3 0897749634 0897749634 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 402 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 403 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 403 2 Sean Sean NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 403 3 O. O. NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 403 4 Hogan Hogan NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 403 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 403 6 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 403 7 Judicial Judicial NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 403 8 Branch Branch NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 403 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 403 10 State State NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 403 11 Government Government NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 403 12 : : : en-wikipedia-org-9755 403 13 People People NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 403 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 403 15 Process Process NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 403 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 403 17 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9755 403 18 Politics Politics NNPS en-wikipedia-org-9755 403 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 403 20 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 403 21 Santa Santa NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 403 22 Barbara Barbara NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 403 23 : : : en-wikipedia-org-9755 403 24 ABC ABC NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 403 25 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9755 403 26 CLIO CLIO NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 403 27 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 403 28 2006 2006 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 403 29 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 403 30 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 403 31 xiv xiv NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 403 32 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 404 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 404 2 Alan Alan NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 404 3 B. B. NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 404 4 Morisson Morisson NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 404 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 404 6 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-9755 404 7 Courts court NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 404 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 404 9 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-9755 404 10 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 404 11 Fundamentals fundamental NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 404 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 404 13 American American NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 404 14 Law Law NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 404 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 404 16 ed ed NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 404 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 405 1 Alan Alan NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 405 2 B. B. NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 405 3 Morisson Morisson NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 405 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 405 5 57–60 57–60 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 405 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 405 7 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 405 8 York York NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 405 9 : : : en-wikipedia-org-9755 405 10 Oxford Oxford NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 405 11 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 405 12 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 405 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 405 14 1996 1996 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 405 15 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 405 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 405 17 60 60 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 405 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 406 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-9755 406 2 Court Court NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 406 3 Statistics Statistics NNPS en-wikipedia-org-9755 406 4 Project Project NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 406 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 406 6 Examining examine VBG en-wikipedia-org-9755 406 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 406 8 Work Work NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 406 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 406 10 State State NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 406 11 Courts Courts NNPS en-wikipedia-org-9755 406 12 : : : en-wikipedia-org-9755 406 13 An an DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 406 14 Analysis Analysis NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 406 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 406 16 2010 2010 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 406 17 State State NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 406 18 Court Court NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 406 19 Caseloads Caseloads NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 406 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 406 21 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 406 22 Williamsburg williamsburg NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 406 23 : : : en-wikipedia-org-9755 406 24 National National NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 406 25 Center Center NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 406 26 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 406 27 State State NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 406 28 Courts Courts NNPS en-wikipedia-org-9755 406 29 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 406 30 2012 2012 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 406 31 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 406 32 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 406 33 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 406 34 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 407 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 407 2 Examining examine VBG en-wikipedia-org-9755 407 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 407 4 Work Work NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 407 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 407 6 State State NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 407 7 Courts Courts NNPS en-wikipedia-org-9755 407 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 407 9 40 40 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 407 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 408 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-9755 408 2 Office Office NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 408 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 408 4 Judges Judges NNPS en-wikipedia-org-9755 408 5 Programs Programs NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 408 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 408 7 Statistics Statistics NNPS en-wikipedia-org-9755 408 8 Division Division NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 408 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 408 10 Judicial Judicial NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 408 11 Caseload Caseload NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 408 12 Indicators Indicators NNPS en-wikipedia-org-9755 408 13 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 408 14 Washington Washington NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 408 15 : : : en-wikipedia-org-9755 408 16 Administrative Administrative NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 408 17 Office Office NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 408 18 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 408 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 408 20 United United NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 408 21 States States NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 408 22 Courts Courts NNPS en-wikipedia-org-9755 408 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 408 24 2016 2016 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 408 25 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 408 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 409 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 409 2 See see UH en-wikipedia-org-9755 409 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 409 4 e.g. e.g. RB en-wikipedia-org-9755 409 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 409 6 Burton Burton NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 409 7 v. v. CC en-wikipedia-org-9755 409 8 Municipal Municipal NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 409 9 Court Court NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 409 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 409 11 68 68 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 409 12 Cal cal CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 409 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 410 1 2d 2d IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 410 2 684 684 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 410 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 410 4 1968 1968 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 410 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 410 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 410 7 invalidating invalidate VBG en-wikipedia-org-9755 410 8 Los Los NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 410 9 Angeles Angeles NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 410 10 city city NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 410 11 ordinance ordinance NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 410 12 regulating regulate VBG en-wikipedia-org-9755 410 13 motion motion NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 410 14 picture picture NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 410 15 theatres theatre NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 410 16 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 410 17 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 410 18 unconstitutional unconstitutional JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 410 19 violation violation NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 410 20 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 410 21 freedom freedom NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 410 22 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 410 23 speech speech NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 410 24 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 410 25 protected protect VBN en-wikipedia-org-9755 410 26 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 410 27 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 410 28 First First NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 410 29 Amendment Amendment NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 410 30 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 410 31 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 410 32 United United NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 410 33 States States NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 410 34 Constitution Constitution NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 410 35 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 410 36 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 411 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 411 2 Osborne Osborne NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 411 3 M. M. NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 411 4 Reynolds Reynolds NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 411 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 411 6 Jr. Jr. NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 411 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 411 8 Local Local NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 411 9 Government Government NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 411 10 Law Law NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 411 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 411 12 3rd 3rd NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 411 13 ed ed NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 411 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 412 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 412 2 St. St. NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 412 3 Paul Paul NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 412 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-9755 412 5 West West NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 412 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 412 7 2009 2009 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 412 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 412 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 412 10 33 33 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 412 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 413 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-9755 413 2 Walston Walston NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 413 3 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9755 413 4 Dunham Dunham NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 413 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 413 6 Beth Beth NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 413 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 413 8 2012 2012 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 413 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 413 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 414 1 Introduction introduction NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 414 2 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 414 3 Law Law NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 414 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 414 5 6th 6th NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 414 6   _SP en-wikipedia-org-9755 414 7 ed ed NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 414 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 414 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 414 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 415 1 Clifton Clifton NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 415 2 Park Park NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 415 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-9755 415 4 Delmar Delmar NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 415 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 416 1 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 416 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-9755 416 3 102 102 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 416 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 417 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 417 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-9755 417 3 9781133707981 9781133707981 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 417 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 418 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 418 2 November November NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 418 3 26 26 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 418 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 418 5 2020 2020 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 418 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 419 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-9755 419 2 Walston Walston NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 419 3 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9755 419 4 Dunham Dunham NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 419 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 419 6 Beth Beth NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 419 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 419 8 2012 2012 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 419 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 419 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 420 1 Introduction introduction NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 420 2 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 420 3 Law Law NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 420 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 420 5 6th 6th NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 420 6   _SP en-wikipedia-org-9755 420 7 ed ed NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 420 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 420 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 420 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 421 1 Clifton Clifton NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 421 2 Park Park NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 421 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-9755 421 4 Delmar Delmar NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 421 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 422 1 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 422 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-9755 422 3 101 101 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 422 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 423 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 423 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-9755 423 3 9781133707981 9781133707981 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 423 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 424 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 424 2 November November NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 424 3 26 26 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 424 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 424 5 2020 2020 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 424 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 425 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 425 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 425 3 b b NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 425 4 Manweller Manweller NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 425 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 425 6 Mathew Mathew NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 425 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 425 8 2006 2006 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 425 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 425 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 426 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-9755 426 2 Chapter chapter NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 426 3 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 426 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 426 5 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 426 6 Roles Roles NNPS en-wikipedia-org-9755 426 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 426 8 Functions Functions NNPS en-wikipedia-org-9755 426 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 426 10 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9755 426 11 Powers Powers NNPS en-wikipedia-org-9755 426 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 426 13 State State NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 426 14 Courts Courts NNPS en-wikipedia-org-9755 426 15 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-9755 426 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 427 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 427 2 Hogan Hogan NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 427 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 427 4 Sean Sean NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 427 5 O. O. NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 428 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 428 2 ed ed NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 428 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 428 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 428 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 429 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 429 2 Judicial Judicial NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 429 3 Branch Branch NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 429 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 429 5 State State NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 429 6 Government Government NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 429 7 : : : en-wikipedia-org-9755 429 8 People People NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 429 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 429 10 Process Process NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 429 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 429 12 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9755 429 13 Politics politic NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 429 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 430 1 Santa Santa NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 430 2 Barbara Barbara NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 430 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-9755 430 4 ABC ABC NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 430 5 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9755 430 6 CLIO CLIO NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 430 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 431 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 431 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 432 1 37–96 37–96 LS en-wikipedia-org-9755 432 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 433 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 433 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-9755 433 3 9781851097517 9781851097517 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 433 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 434 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 434 2 October October NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 434 3 5 5 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 434 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 434 5 2020 2020 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 434 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 435 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 435 2 Manweller Manweller NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 435 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 435 4 Mathew Mathew NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 435 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 435 6 2006 2006 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 435 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 435 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 436 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-9755 436 2 Chapter chapter NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 436 3 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 436 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 436 5 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 436 6 Roles Roles NNPS en-wikipedia-org-9755 436 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 436 8 Functions Functions NNPS en-wikipedia-org-9755 436 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 436 10 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9755 436 11 Powers Powers NNPS en-wikipedia-org-9755 436 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 436 13 State State NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 436 14 Courts Courts NNPS en-wikipedia-org-9755 436 15 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-9755 436 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 437 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 437 2 Hogan Hogan NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 437 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 437 4 Sean Sean NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 437 5 O. O. NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 438 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 438 2 ed ed NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 438 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 438 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 438 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 439 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 439 2 Judicial Judicial NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 439 3 Branch Branch NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 439 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 439 5 State State NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 439 6 Government Government NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 439 7 : : : en-wikipedia-org-9755 439 8 People People NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 439 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 439 10 Process Process NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 439 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 439 12 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9755 439 13 Politics politic NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 439 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 440 1 Santa Santa NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 440 2 Barbara Barbara NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 440 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-9755 440 4 ABC ABC NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 440 5 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9755 440 6 CLIO CLIO NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 440 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 441 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 441 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 442 1 37–96 37–96 LS en-wikipedia-org-9755 442 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 443 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 443 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-9755 443 3 9781851097517 9781851097517 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 443 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 444 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 444 2 October October NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 444 3 5 5 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 444 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 444 5 2020 2020 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 444 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 445 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 445 2 Urbonya Urbonya NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 445 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 445 4 Kathryn Kathryn NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 445 5 R. R. NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 445 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 445 7 2006 2006 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 445 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 445 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 446 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-9755 446 2 Fourth Fourth NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 446 3 Amendment Amendment NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 446 4 Federalism Federalism NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 446 5 ? ? . en-wikipedia-org-9755 447 1 : : : en-wikipedia-org-9755 447 2 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 447 3 Court Court NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 447 4 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-9755 447 5 Vacillating Vacillating NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 447 6 Mistrust Mistrust NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 447 7 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9755 447 8 Trust Trust NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 447 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 447 10 State State NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 447 11 Search Search NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 447 12 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9755 447 13 Seizure Seizure NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 447 14 Laws Laws NNPS en-wikipedia-org-9755 447 15 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-9755 447 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 448 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 448 2 Ross Ross NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 448 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 448 4 Mary Mary NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 448 5 Massaron Massaron NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 448 6 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-9755 448 7 Voss Voss NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 448 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 448 9 Edwin Edwin NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 448 10 P. P. NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 449 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 449 2 eds eds NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 449 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 449 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 449 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 450 1 Sword Sword NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 450 2 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9755 450 3 Shield Shield NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 450 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-9755 450 5 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 450 6 Practical Practical NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 450 7 Approach Approach NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 450 8 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 450 9 Section section NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 450 10 1983 1983 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 450 11 Litigation Litigation NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 450 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 451 1 Chicago Chicago NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 451 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-9755 451 3 American American NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 451 4 Bar Bar NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 451 5 Association Association NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 451 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 452 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 452 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 453 1 249–300 249–300 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 453 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 454 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 454 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-9755 454 3 9781590317662 9781590317662 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 454 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 455 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 455 2 July July NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 455 3 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 455 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 455 5 2015 2015 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 455 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 456 1 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 456 2 For for IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 456 3 example example NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 456 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 456 5 Section section NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 456 6 437c 437c CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 456 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 456 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 456 9 California California NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 456 10 Code Code NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 456 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 456 12 Civil Civil NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 456 13 Procedure Procedure NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 456 14 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-9755 456 15 amended amend VBN en-wikipedia-org-9755 456 16 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 456 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 456 18 state state NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 456 19 legislature legislature NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 456 20 several several JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 456 21 times time NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 456 22 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 456 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 456 24 1990s 1990 NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 456 25 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-9755 456 26 bring bring VB en-wikipedia-org-9755 456 27 California California NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 456 28 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-9755 456 29 summary summary NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 456 30 judgment judgment NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 456 31 standard standard NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 456 32 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 456 33 line line NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 456 34 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 456 35 Rule Rule NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 456 36 56 56 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 456 37 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 456 38 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 456 39 Federal Federal NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 456 40 Rules Rules NNPS en-wikipedia-org-9755 456 41 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 456 42 Civil Civil NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 456 43 Procedure Procedure NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 456 44 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 457 1 See see VB en-wikipedia-org-9755 457 2 Aguilar Aguilar NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 457 3 v. v. IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 457 4 Atlantic Atlantic NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 457 5 Richfield Richfield NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 457 6 Co. Co. NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 457 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 457 8 25 25 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 457 9 Cal Cal NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 457 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 458 1 4th 4th NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 458 2 826 826 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 458 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 458 4 849 849 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 458 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 458 6 2001 2001 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 458 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 458 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 459 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 459 2 Farnsworth Farnsworth NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 459 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 459 4 E. E. NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 459 5 Allan Allan NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 459 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 459 7 2010 2010 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 459 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 459 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 460 1 Sheppard Sheppard NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 460 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 460 3 Steve Steve NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 460 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 460 5 ed ed NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 460 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 460 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 460 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 461 1 An an DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 461 2 Introduction introduction NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 461 3 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 461 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 461 5 Legal legal JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 461 6 System System NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 461 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 461 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 461 9 United United NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 461 10 States States NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 461 11 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 461 12 4th 4th NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 461 13   _SP en-wikipedia-org-9755 461 14 ed ed NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 461 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 461 16 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 461 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 462 1 Oxford oxford NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 462 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-9755 462 3 Oxford Oxford NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 462 4 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 462 5 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 462 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 463 1 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 463 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-9755 463 3 133 133 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 463 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 464 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 464 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-9755 464 3 9780199733101 9780199733101 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 464 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 465 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 465 2 November November NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 465 3 17 17 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 465 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 465 5 2020 2020 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 465 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 466 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 466 2 Farnsworth Farnsworth NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 466 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 466 4 E. E. NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 466 5 Allan Allan NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 466 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 466 7 2010 2010 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 466 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 466 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 467 1 Sheppard Sheppard NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 467 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 467 3 Steve Steve NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 467 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 467 5 ed ed NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 467 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 467 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 467 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 468 1 An an DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 468 2 Introduction introduction NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 468 3 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 468 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 468 5 Legal legal JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 468 6 System System NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 468 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 468 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 468 9 United United NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 468 10 States States NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 468 11 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 468 12 4th 4th NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 468 13   _SP en-wikipedia-org-9755 468 14 ed ed NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 468 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 468 16 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 468 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 469 1 Oxford oxford NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 469 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-9755 469 3 Oxford Oxford NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 469 4 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 469 5 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 469 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 470 1 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 470 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-9755 470 3 138 138 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 470 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 471 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 471 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-9755 471 3 9780199733101 9780199733101 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 471 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 472 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 472 2 November November NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 472 3 17 17 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 472 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 472 5 2020 2020 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 472 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 473 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 473 2 Farnsworth Farnsworth NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 473 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 473 4 E. E. NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 473 5 Allan Allan NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 473 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 473 7 2010 2010 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 473 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 473 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 474 1 Sheppard Sheppard NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 474 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 474 3 Steve Steve NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 474 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 474 5 ed ed NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 474 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 474 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 474 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 475 1 An an DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 475 2 Introduction introduction NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 475 3 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 475 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 475 5 Legal legal JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 475 6 System System NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 475 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 475 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 475 9 United United NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 475 10 States States NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 475 11 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 475 12 4th 4th NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 475 13   _SP en-wikipedia-org-9755 475 14 ed ed NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 475 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 475 16 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 475 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 476 1 Oxford oxford NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 476 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-9755 476 3 Oxford Oxford NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 476 4 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 476 5 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 476 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 477 1 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 477 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-9755 477 3 139 139 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 477 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 478 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 478 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-9755 478 3 9780199733101 9780199733101 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 478 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 479 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 479 2 November November NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 479 3 17 17 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 479 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 479 5 2020 2020 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 479 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 480 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 480 2 Mark Mark NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 480 3 A. A. NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 480 4 Kinzie Kinzie NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 480 5 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-9755 480 6 Christine Christine NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 480 7 F. F. NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 480 8 Hart Hart NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 480 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 480 10 Product Product NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 480 11 Liability Liability NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 480 12 Litigation litigation NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 480 13 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 480 14 Clifton Clifton NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 480 15 Park Park NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 480 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 480 17 NY NY NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 480 18 : : : en-wikipedia-org-9755 480 19 Thomson Thomson NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 480 20 Delmar Delmar NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 480 21 Learning Learning NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 480 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 480 23 2002 2002 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 480 24 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 480 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 480 26 100–101 100–101 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 480 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 481 1 See see VB en-wikipedia-org-9755 481 2 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-9755 481 3 Greenman Greenman NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 481 4 v. v. CC en-wikipedia-org-9755 481 5 Yuba Yuba NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 481 6 Power Power NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 481 7 Products Products NNPS en-wikipedia-org-9755 481 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 481 9 Inc. Inc. NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 481 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 481 11 59 59 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 481 12 Cal Cal NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 481 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 482 1 2d 2d CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 482 2 57 57 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 482 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 482 4 1963 1963 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 482 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 482 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 483 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 483 2 Kinzie Kinzie NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 483 3 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-9755 483 4 Hart Hart NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 483 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 483 6 101 101 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 483 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 484 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 484 2 Norbert Norbert NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 484 3 Reich Reich NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 484 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 484 5 Understanding Understanding NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 484 6 EU EU NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 484 7 Law Law NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 484 8 : : : en-wikipedia-org-9755 484 9 Objectives objective NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 484 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 484 11 Principles Principles NNPS en-wikipedia-org-9755 484 12 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9755 484 13 Methods Methods NNPS en-wikipedia-org-9755 484 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 484 15 Community Community NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 484 16 Law Law NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 484 17 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 484 18 Antwerp Antwerp NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 484 19 : : : en-wikipedia-org-9755 484 20 Intersentia Intersentia NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 484 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 484 22 2005 2005 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 484 23 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 484 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 484 25 337 337 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 484 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 485 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 485 2 Ellen Ellen NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 485 3 E. E. NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 485 4 Beerworth Beerworth NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 485 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 485 6 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-9755 485 7 Australia Australia NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 485 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 485 9 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-9755 485 10 51–74 51–74 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 485 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 485 12 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 485 13 International International NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 485 14 Product Product NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 485 15 Liability Liability NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 485 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 485 17 vol vol NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 485 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 486 1 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 486 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 486 3 ed ed NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 486 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 487 1 Christian Christian NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 487 2 Campbell Campbell NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 487 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 487 4 Salzburg Salzburg NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 487 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-9755 487 6 Yorkhill Yorkhill NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 487 7 Law Law NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 487 8 Publishing Publishing NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 487 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 487 10 2006 2006 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 487 11 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 487 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 487 13 52 52 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 487 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 488 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 488 2 Patricia Patricia NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 488 3 L. L. NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 488 4 Maclachlan Maclachlan NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 488 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 488 6 Consumer Consumer NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 488 7 Politics Politics NNPS en-wikipedia-org-9755 488 8 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 488 9 Postwar Postwar NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 488 10 Japan Japan NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 488 11 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 488 12 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 488 13 York York NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 488 14 : : : en-wikipedia-org-9755 488 15 Columbia Columbia NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 488 16 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 488 17 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 488 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 488 19 2002 2002 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 488 20 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 488 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 488 22 226 226 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 488 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 489 1 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-9755 489 2 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-9755 489 3 ALI ALI NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 489 4 Restatement Restatement NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 489 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 489 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 489 7 Law Law NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 489 8 Third Third NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 489 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 489 10 Torts Torts NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 489 11 : : : en-wikipedia-org-9755 489 12 Products Products NNPS en-wikipedia-org-9755 489 13 Liability Liability NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 489 14 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-9755 489 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 490 1 Ali.org Ali.org NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 490 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 491 1 Archived archived JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 491 2 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 491 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 491 4 original original NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 491 5 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 491 6 May May NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 491 7 31 31 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 491 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 491 9 2013 2013 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 491 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 492 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 492 2 September September NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 492 3 23 23 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 492 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 492 5 2013 2013 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 492 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 493 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 493 2 Farnsworth Farnsworth NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 493 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 493 4 E. E. NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 493 5 Allan Allan NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 493 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 493 7 2010 2010 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 493 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 493 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 494 1 Sheppard Sheppard NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 494 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 494 3 Steve Steve NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 494 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 494 5 ed ed NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 494 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 494 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 494 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 495 1 An an DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 495 2 Introduction introduction NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 495 3 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 495 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 495 5 Legal legal JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 495 6 System System NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 495 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 495 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 495 9 United United NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 495 10 States States NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 495 11 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 495 12 4th 4th NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 495 13   _SP en-wikipedia-org-9755 495 14 ed ed NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 495 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 495 16 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 495 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 496 1 Oxford oxford NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 496 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-9755 496 3 Oxford Oxford NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 496 4 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 496 5 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 496 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 497 1 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 497 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-9755 497 3 142 142 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 497 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 498 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 498 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-9755 498 3 9780199733101 9780199733101 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 498 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 499 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 499 2 November November NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 499 3 17 17 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 499 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 499 5 2020 2020 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 499 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 500 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 500 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 500 3 b b NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 500 4 Farnsworth Farnsworth NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 500 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 500 6 E. E. NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 500 7 Allan Allan NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 500 8 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 500 9 2010 2010 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 500 10 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 500 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 501 1 Sheppard Sheppard NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 501 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 501 3 Steve Steve NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 501 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 501 5 ed ed NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 501 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 501 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 501 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 502 1 An an DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 502 2 Introduction introduction NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 502 3 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 502 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 502 5 Legal legal JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 502 6 System System NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 502 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 502 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 502 9 United United NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 502 10 States States NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 502 11 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 502 12 4th 4th NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 502 13   _SP en-wikipedia-org-9755 502 14 ed ed NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 502 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 502 16 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 502 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 503 1 Oxford oxford NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 503 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-9755 503 3 Oxford Oxford NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 503 4 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 503 5 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 503 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 504 1 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 504 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-9755 504 3 143 143 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 504 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 505 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 505 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-9755 505 3 9780199733101 9780199733101 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 505 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 506 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 506 2 November November NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 506 3 17 17 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 506 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 506 5 2020 2020 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 506 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 507 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 507 2 Marion Marion NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 507 3 W. W. NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 507 4 Benfield Benfield NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 507 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 507 6 Jr. Jr. NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 507 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 507 8 Wasted Wasted NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 507 9 Days Days NNPS en-wikipedia-org-9755 507 10 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9755 507 11 Wasted Wasted NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 507 12 Nights Nights NNPS en-wikipedia-org-9755 507 13 : : : en-wikipedia-org-9755 507 14 Why why WRB en-wikipedia-org-9755 507 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 507 16 Land Land NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 507 17 Acts Acts NNPS en-wikipedia-org-9755 507 18 Failed fail VBD en-wikipedia-org-9755 507 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 507 20 20 20 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 507 21 Nova Nova NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 507 22 L. L. NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 507 23 Rev. Rev. NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 508 1 1037 1037 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 508 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 508 3 1037–41 1037–41 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 508 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 508 5 1996 1996 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 508 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 508 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 509 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 509 2 Ronald Ronald NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 509 3 Benton Benton NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 509 4 Brown Brown NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 509 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 509 6 Whatever whatever WDT en-wikipedia-org-9755 509 7 Happened happen VBD en-wikipedia-org-9755 509 8 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 509 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 509 10 Uniform Uniform NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 509 11 Land Land NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 509 12 Transactions Transactions NNPS en-wikipedia-org-9755 509 13 Act Act NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 509 14 ? ? . en-wikipedia-org-9755 510 1 20 20 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 510 2 Nova Nova NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 510 3 L. L. NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 510 4 Rev. Rev. NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 511 1 1017 1017 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 511 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 511 3 1996 1996 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 511 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 511 5 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-9755 511 6 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 511 7 Peter Peter NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 511 8 B. B. NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 511 9 Maggs Maggs NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 511 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 511 11 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 511 12 Uniform Uniform NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 511 13 Simplification Simplification NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 511 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 511 15 Land Land NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 511 16 Transfers Transfers NNPS en-wikipedia-org-9755 511 17 Act Act NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 511 18 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9755 511 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 511 20 Politics Politics NNPS en-wikipedia-org-9755 511 21 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9755 511 22 Economics Economics NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 511 23 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 511 24 Law Law NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 511 25 Reform Reform NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 511 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 511 27 20 20 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 511 28 Nova Nova NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 511 29 L. L. NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 511 30 Rev. Rev. NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 512 1 1091 1091 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 512 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 512 3 1091–92 1091–92 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 512 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 512 5 1996 1996 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 512 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 512 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 513 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 513 2 Farnsworth Farnsworth NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 513 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 513 4 E. E. NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 513 5 Allan Allan NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 513 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 513 7 2010 2010 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 513 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 513 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 514 1 Sheppard Sheppard NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 514 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 514 3 Steve Steve NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 514 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 514 5 ed ed NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 514 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 514 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 514 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 515 1 An an DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 515 2 Introduction introduction NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 515 3 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 515 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 515 5 Legal legal JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 515 6 System System NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 515 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 515 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 515 9 United United NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 515 10 States States NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 515 11 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 515 12 4th 4th NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 515 13   _SP en-wikipedia-org-9755 515 14 ed ed NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 515 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 515 16 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 515 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 516 1 Oxford oxford NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 516 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-9755 516 3 Oxford Oxford NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 516 4 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 516 5 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 516 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 517 1 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 517 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-9755 517 3 145 145 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 517 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 518 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 518 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-9755 518 3 9780199733101 9780199733101 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 518 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 519 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 519 2 November November NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 519 3 17 17 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 519 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 519 5 2020 2020 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 519 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 520 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 520 2 McKinsey McKinsey NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 520 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 520 4 John John NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 520 5 A. A. NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 520 6 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-9755 520 7 Burke Burke NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 520 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 520 9 Debra Debra NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 520 10 D. D. NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 520 11 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 520 12 2015 2015 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 520 13 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 520 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 521 1 Carper Carper NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 521 2 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-9755 521 3 Understanding Understanding NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 521 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 521 5 Law Law NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 521 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 522 1 Stamford Stamford NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 522 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-9755 522 3 Cengage cengage NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 522 4 Learning Learning NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 522 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 523 1 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 523 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-9755 523 3 435 435 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 523 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 524 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 524 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-9755 524 3 9781305177307 9781305177307 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 524 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 525 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 525 2 Katz Katz NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 525 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 525 4 Sanford Sanford NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 525 5 N. N. NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 525 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 525 7 2015 2015 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 525 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 525 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 526 1 Family family NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 526 2 Law Law NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 526 3 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 526 4 America America NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 526 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 526 6 2nd 2nd NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 526 7   _SP en-wikipedia-org-9755 526 8 ed ed NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 526 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 526 10 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 526 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 527 1 Oxford oxford NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 527 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-9755 527 3 Oxford Oxford NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 527 4 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 527 5 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 527 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 528 1 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 528 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-9755 528 3 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 528 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 529 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 529 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-9755 529 3 9780199759224 9780199759224 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 529 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 530 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 530 2 November November NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 530 3 23 23 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 530 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 530 5 2020 2020 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 530 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 531 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 531 2 Katz Katz NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 531 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 531 4 Sanford Sanford NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 531 5 N. N. NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 531 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 531 7 2015 2015 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 531 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 531 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 532 1 Family family NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 532 2 Law Law NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 532 3 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 532 4 America America NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 532 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 532 6 2nd 2nd NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 532 7   _SP en-wikipedia-org-9755 532 8 ed ed NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 532 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 532 10 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 532 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 533 1 Oxford oxford NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 533 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-9755 533 3 Oxford Oxford NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 533 4 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 533 5 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 533 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 534 1 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 534 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-9755 534 3 xxxii xxxii NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 534 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 535 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 535 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-9755 535 3 9780199759224 9780199759224 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 535 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 536 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 536 2 November November NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 536 3 23 23 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 536 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 536 5 2020 2020 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 536 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 537 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 537 2 Katz Katz NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 537 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 537 4 Sanford Sanford NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 537 5 N. N. NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 537 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 537 7 2015 2015 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 537 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 537 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 538 1 Family family NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 538 2 Law Law NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 538 3 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 538 4 America America NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 538 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 538 6 2nd 2nd NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 538 7   _SP en-wikipedia-org-9755 538 8 ed ed NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 538 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 538 10 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 538 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 539 1 Oxford oxford NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 539 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-9755 539 3 Oxford Oxford NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 539 4 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 539 5 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 539 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 540 1 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 540 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-9755 540 3 xxxi xxxi NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 540 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 541 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 541 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-9755 541 3 9780199759224 9780199759224 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 541 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 542 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 542 2 November November NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 542 3 23 23 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 542 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 542 5 2020 2020 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 542 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 543 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 543 2 Katz Katz NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 543 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 543 4 Sanford Sanford NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 543 5 N. N. NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 543 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 543 7 2015 2015 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 543 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 543 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 544 1 Family family NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 544 2 Law Law NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 544 3 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 544 4 America America NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 544 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 544 6 2nd 2nd NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 544 7   _SP en-wikipedia-org-9755 544 8 ed ed NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 544 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 544 10 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 544 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 545 1 Oxford oxford NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 545 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-9755 545 3 Oxford Oxford NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 545 4 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 545 5 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 545 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 546 1 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 546 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-9755 546 3 xxxiii xxxiii NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 546 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 547 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 547 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-9755 547 3 9780199759224 9780199759224 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 547 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 548 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 548 2 November November NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 548 3 23 23 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 548 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 548 5 2020 2020 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 548 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 549 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 549 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 549 3 b b NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 549 4 Oakley Oakley NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 549 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 549 6 John John NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 549 7 B. B. NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 549 8 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-9755 549 9 Amar Amar NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 549 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 549 11 Vikram Vikram NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 549 12 D. D. NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 549 13 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 549 14 2009 2009 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 549 15 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 549 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 550 1 American American NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 550 2 Civil Civil NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 550 3 Procedure Procedure NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 550 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-9755 550 5 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 550 6 Guide Guide NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 550 7 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 550 8 Civil civil JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 550 9 Adjudication Adjudication NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 550 10 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 550 11 US US NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 550 12 Courts Courts NNPS en-wikipedia-org-9755 550 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 551 1 Alphen alphen RB en-wikipedia-org-9755 551 2 aan aan NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 551 3 den den NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 551 4 Rijn Rijn NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 551 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-9755 551 6 Kluwer Kluwer NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 551 7 Law Law NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 551 8 International International NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 551 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 552 1 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 552 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-9755 552 3 235 235 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 552 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 553 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 553 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-9755 553 3 9789041128720 9789041128720 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 553 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 554 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 554 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 554 3 b b NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 554 4 Statsky Statsky NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 554 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 554 6 William William NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 554 7 P. P. NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 554 8 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 554 9 2020 2020 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 554 10 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 554 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 555 1 Family family NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 555 2 Law Law NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 555 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 555 4 7th 7th NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 555 5   _SP en-wikipedia-org-9755 555 6 ed ed NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 555 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 555 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 555 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 556 1 Boston Boston NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 556 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-9755 556 3 Cengage Cengage NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 556 4 Learning Learning NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 556 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 557 1 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 557 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-9755 557 3 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 557 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 558 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 558 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-9755 558 3 9781337917537 9781337917537 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 558 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 559 1 Further further JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 559 2 reading[edit reading[edit LS en-wikipedia-org-9755 559 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 559 4 Friedman Friedman NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 559 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 559 6 Lawrence Lawrence NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 559 7 M. M. NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 559 8 American American NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 559 9 Law Law NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 559 10 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 559 11 1984 1984 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 559 12 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 559 13 Hadden Hadden NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 559 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 559 15 Sally Sally NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 559 16 F. F. NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 559 17 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9755 559 18 Brophy Brophy NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 559 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 559 20 Alfred Alfred NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 559 21 L. L. NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 560 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 560 2 eds eds PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-9755 560 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 561 1 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 561 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 561 3 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 561 4 Companion Companion NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 561 5 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 561 6 American American NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 561 7 Legal Legal NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 561 8 History History NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 561 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 562 1 Malden Malden NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 562 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 562 3 MA MA NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 562 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-9755 562 5 Wiley Wiley NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 562 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9755 562 7 Blackwell Blackwell NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 562 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 562 9 2013 2013 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 562 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 563 1 Hall Hall NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 563 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 563 3 Kermit Kermit NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 563 4 L. L. NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 563 5 et et NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 563 6 al al NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 563 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 564 1 eds eds XX en-wikipedia-org-9755 564 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 565 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 565 2 Oxford Oxford NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 565 3 Companion Companion NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 565 4 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 565 5 American American NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 565 6 Law Law NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 565 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 565 8 2002 2002 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 565 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 565 10 excerpt excerpt NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 565 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9755 565 12 text text NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 565 13 search search NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 565 14 Chisholm Chisholm NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 565 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 565 16 Hugh Hugh NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 565 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 565 18 ed ed NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 565 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 566 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 566 2 1911 1911 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 566 3 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 566 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 567 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-9755 567 2 American American NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 567 3 Law Law NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 567 4 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-9755 567 5   _SP en-wikipedia-org-9755 567 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 568 1 Encyclopædia Encyclopædia NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 568 2 Britannica Britannica NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 568 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 568 4 11th 11th NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 568 5   _SP en-wikipedia-org-9755 568 6 ed ed NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 568 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 568 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 568 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 569 1 Cambridge Cambridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 569 2 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 569 3 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 569 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 570 1 Legal Legal NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 570 2 history[edit history[edit NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 570 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 570 4 Edwards Edwards NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 570 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 570 6 Laura Laura NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 570 7 F. F. NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 570 8 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 570 9 Legal legal JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 570 10 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 570 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 570 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 570 13 Civil Civil NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 570 14 War War NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 570 15 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9755 570 16 Reconstruction Reconstruction NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 570 17 : : : en-wikipedia-org-9755 570 18 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 570 19 Nation Nation NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 570 20 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 570 21 Rights Rights NNPS en-wikipedia-org-9755 570 22 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 570 23 Cambridge Cambridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 570 24 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 570 25 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 570 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 570 27 2015 2015 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 570 28 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 570 29 212 212 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 570 30 pp pp NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 570 31 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 571 1 Friedman Friedman NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 571 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 571 3 Lawrence Lawrence NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 571 4 M. M. NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 571 5 A A NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 571 6 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 571 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 571 8 American American NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 571 9 Law Law NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 571 10 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 571 11 3rd 3rd NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 571 12 ed ed NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 571 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 572 1 2005 2005 LS en-wikipedia-org-9755 572 2 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 572 3 640 640 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 572 4 pp pp NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 572 5 Friedman Friedman NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 572 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 572 7 Lawrence Lawrence NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 572 8 M. M. NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 572 9 American American NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 572 10 Law Law NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 572 11 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 572 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 572 13 Twentieth Twentieth NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 572 14 Century Century NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 572 15 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 572 16 2002 2002 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 572 17 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 572 18 Hall Hall NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 572 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 572 20 Kermit Kermit NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 572 21 L. L. NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 572 22 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 572 23 Magic Magic NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 572 24 Mirror Mirror NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 572 25 : : : en-wikipedia-org-9755 572 26 Law law NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 572 27 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 572 28 American American NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 572 29 History History NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 572 30 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 572 31 1989 1989 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 572 32 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 572 33 Hall Hall NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 572 34 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 572 35 Kermit Kermit NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 572 36 L. L. NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 572 37 et et NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 572 38 al al NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 572 39 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 573 1 American American NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 573 2 Legal Legal NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 573 3 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 573 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-9755 573 5 Cases case NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 573 6 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9755 573 7 Materials material NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 573 8 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 573 9 2010 2010 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 573 10 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 573 11 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-9755 573 12 752 752 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 573 13 pages page NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 573 14 Horwitz Horwitz NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 573 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 573 16 Morton Morton NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 573 17 J. J. NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 574 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 574 2 transformation transformation NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 574 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 574 4 American american JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 574 5 law law NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 574 6 : : : en-wikipedia-org-9755 574 7 1780–1860 1780–1860 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 574 8 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 574 9 1977 1977 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 574 10 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 574 11 Hovenkamp Hovenkamp NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 574 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 574 13 Herbert Herbert NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 574 14 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 574 15 Opening Opening NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 574 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 574 17 American american JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 574 18 Law Law NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 574 19 : : : en-wikipedia-org-9755 574 20 Neoclassical Neoclassical NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 574 21 Legal Legal NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 574 22 Thought Thought NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 574 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 574 24 1870–1970 1870–1970 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 574 25 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 574 26 2015 2015 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 574 27 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 574 28 Horwitz Horwitz NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 574 29 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 574 30 Morton Morton NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 574 31 J. J. NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 575 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 575 2 transformation transformation NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 575 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 575 4 American american JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 575 5 law law NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 575 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 575 7 1870–1960 1870–1960 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 575 8 : : : en-wikipedia-org-9755 575 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 575 10 crisis crisis NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 575 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 575 12 legal legal JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 575 13 orthodoxy orthodoxy NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 575 14 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 575 15 1994 1994 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 575 16 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 575 17 Howe Howe NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 575 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 575 19 Mark Mark NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 575 20 de de FW en-wikipedia-org-9755 575 21 Wolfe Wolfe NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 575 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 575 23 ed ed NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 575 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 576 1 Readings reading NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 576 2 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 576 3 American American NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 576 4 Legal Legal NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 576 5 History History NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 576 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 576 7 2001 2001 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 576 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 576 9 540pp 540pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 576 10 Johnson Johnson NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 576 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 576 12 Herbert Herbert NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 576 13 A. a. NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 576 14 American american JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 576 15 legal legal JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 576 16 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9755 576 17 constitutional constitutional JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 576 18 history history NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 576 19 : : : en-wikipedia-org-9755 576 20 cases case NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 576 21 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9755 576 22 materials material NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 576 23 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 576 24 2001 2001 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 576 25 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 576 26 733 733 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 576 27 pp pp NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 576 28 Rabban Rabban NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 576 29 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 576 30 David David NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 576 31 M. M. NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 576 32 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 576 33 2003 2003 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 576 34 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 576 35 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 577 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-9755 577 2 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 577 3 Historiography Historiography NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 577 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 577 5 Late Late NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 577 6 Nineteenth Nineteenth NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 577 7 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9755 577 8 Century Century NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 577 9 American American NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 577 10 Legal Legal NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 577 11 History History NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 577 12 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-9755 577 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 578 1 Theoretical theoretical JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 578 2 Inquiries Inquiries NNPS en-wikipedia-org-9755 578 3 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 578 4 Law Law NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 578 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 579 1 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 579 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 579 3 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 579 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 579 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-9755 579 6 Article article NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 579 7 5 5 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 579 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 579 9 doi:10.2202/1565 doi:10.2202/1565 NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 579 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9755 579 11 3404.1075 3404.1075 NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 579 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 580 1 S2CID S2CID NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 580 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-9755 580 3 56143958 56143958 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 580 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 581 1 Schwartz Schwartz NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 581 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 581 3 Bernard Bernard NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 581 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 582 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 582 2 Law Law NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 582 3 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 582 4 America America NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 582 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 583 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 583 2 Evolution evolution NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 583 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 583 4 American american JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 583 5 legal legal JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 583 6 institutions institution NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 583 7 since since IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 583 8 1790 1790 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 583 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 583 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 584 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 584 2 1974 1974 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 584 3 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 584 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 585 1 Colonial[edit colonial[edit LS en-wikipedia-org-9755 585 2 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 585 3 Gerber Gerber NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 585 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 585 5 Scott Scott NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 585 6 D. D. NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 585 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 585 8 2011 2011 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 585 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 585 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 586 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-9755 586 2 Bringing bring VBG en-wikipedia-org-9755 586 3 Ideas Ideas NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 586 4 Back back RB en-wikipedia-org-9755 586 5 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 586 6 — — : en-wikipedia-org-9755 586 7 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 586 8 Brief brief JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 586 9 Historiography Historiography NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 586 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 586 11 American American NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 586 12 Colonial Colonial NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 586 13 Law Law NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 586 14 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-9755 586 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 587 1 American American NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 587 2 Journal Journal NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 587 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 587 4 Legal Legal NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 587 5 History History NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 587 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 588 1 51 51 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 588 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 588 3 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 588 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 588 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-9755 588 6 359–374 359–374 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 588 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 589 1 doi:10.1093 doi:10.1093 NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 589 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-9755 589 3 ajlh/51.2.359 ajlh/51.2.359 NFP en-wikipedia-org-9755 589 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 590 1 SSRN SSRN NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 590 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-9755 590 3 1815230 1815230 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 590 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 591 1 Hoffer Hoffer NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 591 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 591 3 Peter Peter NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 591 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 591 5 1998 1998 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 591 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 591 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 592 1 Law Law NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 592 2 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9755 592 3 People People NNPS en-wikipedia-org-9755 592 4 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 592 5 Colonial Colonial NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 592 6 America America NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 592 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 592 8 Rev. Rev. NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 593 1 ed ed NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 593 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 593 3 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 593 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 594 1 Baltimore Baltimore NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 594 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-9755 594 3 Johns Johns NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 594 4 Hopkins Hopkins NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 594 5 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 594 6 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 594 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 595 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 595 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-9755 595 3 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 595 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9755 595 5 8018 8018 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 595 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9755 595 7 5822 5822 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 595 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9755 595 9 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 595 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 596 1 Lawyers[edit lawyers[edit LS en-wikipedia-org-9755 596 2 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 596 3 Abel Abel NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 596 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 596 5 Richard Richard NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 596 6 L. L. NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 596 7 American American NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 596 8 Lawyers Lawyers NNPS en-wikipedia-org-9755 596 9 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 596 10 1991 1991 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 596 11 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 596 12 Chroust Chroust NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 596 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 596 14 Anton Anton NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 596 15 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9755 596 16 Hermann Hermann NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 596 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 597 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 597 2 Rise rise NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 597 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 597 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 597 5 legal legal JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 597 6 profession profession NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 597 7 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 597 8 America America NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 597 9 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 597 10 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 597 11 vol vol NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 597 12 1965 1965 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 597 13 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 597 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 597 15 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 597 16 1860 1860 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 597 17 Drachman Drachman NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 597 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 597 19 Virginia Virginia NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 597 20 G. G. NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 597 21 Sisters Sisters NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 597 22 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 597 23 Law Law NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 597 24 : : : en-wikipedia-org-9755 597 25 Women Women NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 597 26 Lawyers Lawyers NNPS en-wikipedia-org-9755 597 27 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 597 28 Modern modern JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 597 29 American american JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 597 30 History History NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 597 31 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 597 32 2001 2001 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 597 33 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 597 34 Nizer Nizer NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 597 35 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 597 36 Louis Louis NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 597 37 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 598 1 My -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-9755 598 2 Life life NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 598 3 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 598 4 Court Court NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 598 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 599 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 599 2 1978 1978 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 599 3 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 599 4 Popular popular JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 599 5 description description NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 599 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 599 7 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 599 8 lawyer lawyer NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 599 9 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-9755 599 10 practice practice NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 599 11 Vile Vile NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 599 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 599 13 John John NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 599 14 R. R. NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 599 15 Great great JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 599 16 American american JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 599 17 lawyers lawyer NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 599 18 : : : en-wikipedia-org-9755 599 19 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 599 20 encyclopedia encyclopedia NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 599 21 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 599 22 2001 2001 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 599 23 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 599 24 Vile Vile NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 599 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 599 26 John John NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 599 27 R. R. NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 599 28 Great Great NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 599 29 American american JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 599 30 judges judge NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 599 31 : : : en-wikipedia-org-9755 599 32 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 599 33 encyclopedia encyclopedia NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 599 34 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 599 35 2003 2003 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 599 36 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 599 37 Wortman Wortman NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 599 38 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 599 39 Marlene Marlene NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 599 40 Stein Stein NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 599 41 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 600 1 Women woman NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 600 2 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 600 3 American American NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 600 4 Law Law NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 600 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-9755 600 6 From from IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 600 7 colonial colonial JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 600 8 times time NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 600 9 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 600 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 600 11 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 600 12 Deal Deal NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 600 13 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 600 14 1985 1985 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 600 15 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 600 16 Philosophy Philosophy NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 600 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 600 18 law[edit law[edit NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 600 19 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 600 20 Cardozo Cardozo NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 600 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 600 22 Benjamin Benjamin NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 600 23 N. N. NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 600 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 600 25 ed ed NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 600 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 601 1 An an DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 601 2 Introduction introduction NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 601 3 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 601 4 Law Law NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 601 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 602 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 602 2 1957 1957 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 602 3 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 602 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 603 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 603 2 Essays essay NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 603 3 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 603 4 eight eight CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 603 5 distinguished distinguished JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 603 6 American american JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 603 7 judges judge NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 603 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 603 9 Hart Hart NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 603 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 603 11 H.L.A. H.L.A. NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 604 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 604 2 Concept Concept NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 604 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 604 4 Law Law NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 604 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 605 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 605 2 1961 1961 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 605 3 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 605 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 606 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 606 2 Introductory introductory JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 606 3 text text NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 606 4 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 606 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 606 6 nature nature NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 606 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 606 8 law law NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 606 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 606 10 Llewellyn Llewellyn NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 606 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 606 12 Karl Karl NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 606 13 N. N. NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 606 14 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-9755 606 15 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 606 16 Bramble Bramble NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 606 17 Bush Bush NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 606 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 606 19 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-9755 606 20 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 606 21 Karl Karl NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 606 22 N. N. NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 606 23 Llewellyn Llewellyn NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 606 24 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 606 25 Legal Legal NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 606 26 Realism Realism NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 606 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 607 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 607 2 1986 1986 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 607 3 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 607 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 608 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 608 2 Introductory introductory JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 608 3 text text NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 608 4 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 608 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 608 6 nature nature NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 608 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 608 8 law law NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 608 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 608 10 Pound Pound NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 608 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9755 608 12 Roscoe Roscoe NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 608 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 609 1 Social Social NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 609 2 Control Control NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 609 3 Through through IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 609 4 Law Law NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 609 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 610 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 610 2 Nature nature NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 610 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 610 4 law law NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 610 5 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9755 610 6 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-9755 610 7 role role NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 610 8 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 610 9 society society NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 610 10 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 610 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 2 1942 1942 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 3 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 4 External External NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 5 links[edit links[edit , en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 6 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 7 Official Official NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 8 U.S. U.S. NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 9 Government Government NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 10 page page NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 11 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 12 Laws Laws NNPS en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 14 Legal Legal NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 15 Issues Issues NNPS en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 16 Official Official NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 17 U.S. U.S. NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 18 Government Government NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 19 page page NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 20 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 21 U.S. U.S. NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 22 federal federal JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 23 courts court NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 24 Texts Texts NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 25 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 26 U.S. U.S. NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 27 federal federal JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 28 laws law NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 29 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 30 U.S. U.S. NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 31 state state NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 32 laws law NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 33 U.S. U.S. NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 34 Code Code NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 35 collection collection NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 36 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 37 Cornell Cornell NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 38 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 39 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 40 Legal Legal NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 41 Information Information NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 42 Institute Institute NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 43 v v NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 44 t t NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 45 e e NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 46 Law Law NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 47 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 48 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 49 United United NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 50 States States NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 51 Constitutional Constitutional NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 52 law law NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 53 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 54 legislation legislation NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 55 Federalism Federalism NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 56 Separation Separation NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 57 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 58 powers power NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 59 Civil civil JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 60 rights right NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 61 Act Act NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 62 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 63 Congress Congress NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 64 Bill Bill NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 65 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 66 United United NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 67 States States NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 68 Congress Congress NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 69 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 70 United United NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 71 States States NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 72 Code Code NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 73 Courts Courts NNPS en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 74 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 75 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 76 United United NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 77 States States NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 78 Federal Federal NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 79 courts court NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 80 Supreme Supreme NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 81 Appeals Appeals NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 82 District District NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 83 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 84 list list NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 85 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 86 Bankruptcy Bankruptcy NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 87 Claims Claims NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 88 International International NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 89 Trade Trade NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 90 Tax Tax NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 91 State State NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 92 courts court NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 93 State State NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 94 supreme supreme NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 95 Education Education NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 96 Law Law NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 97 school school NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 98 Law Law NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 99 School School NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 100 Admission Admission NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 101 Test Test NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 102 Admission Admission NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 103 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 104 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 105 bar bar NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 106 Types type NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 107 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 108 law law NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 109 Child Child NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 110 custody custody NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 111 Child child NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 112 sexual sexual JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 113 abuse abuse NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 114 Civil civil JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 115 procedure procedure NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 116 Conflict conflict NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 117 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 118 laws law NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 119 Constitutional Constitutional NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 120 Contract Contract NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 121 Property Property NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 122 Corporate Corporate NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 123 Criminal Criminal NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 124 Procedure Procedure NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 125 Energy Energy NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 126 Gun Gun NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 127 Human Human NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 128 rights right NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 129 Juvenile Juvenile NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 130 Privacy Privacy NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 131 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 132 State State NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 133 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 134 Race Race NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 135 State State NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 136 Tort Tort NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 137 Trust Trust NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 138 v v NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 139 t t NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 140 e e NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 141 United United NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 142 States States NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 143   _SP en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 144 articles article VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 145 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 146 By by IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 147 event event NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 148 Pre pre JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 149 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 150 Columbian columbian JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 151 era era NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 152 Colonial colonial JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 153 era era NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 154 Thirteen Thirteen NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 155 Colonies Colonies NNPS en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 156 military military JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 157 history history NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 158 Founding found VBG en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 159 Fathers Fathers NNPS en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 160 Continental Continental NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 161 Congress Congress NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 162 Continental Continental NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 163 Association Association NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 164 Lee Lee NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 165 Resolution Resolution NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 166 Declaration Declaration NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 167 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 168 Independence Independence NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 169 American American NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 170 Revolution Revolution NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 171 War War NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 172 Treaty Treaty NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 173 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 174 Paris Paris NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 175 Articles Articles NNPS en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 176 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 177 Confederation Confederation NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 178 Confederation Confederation NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 179 Period Period NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 180 American american JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 181 frontier frontier NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 182 Drafting drafting NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 183 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 184 ratification ratification NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 185 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 186 Constitution Constitution NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 187 Bill Bill NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 188 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 189 Rights Rights NNPS en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 190 Federalist Federalist NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 191 Era Era NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 192 War War NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 193 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 194 1812 1812 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 195 Territorial territorial JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 196 evolution evolution NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 197 Mexican mexican JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 198 – – : en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 199 American American NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 200 War War NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 201 Civil Civil NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 202 War War NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 203 Reconstruction Reconstruction NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 204 era era NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 205 Indian Indian NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 206 Wars war NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 207 Gilded gild VBD en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 208 Age Age NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 209 Progressive Progressive NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 210 Era Era NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 211 Women Women NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 212 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 213 suffrage suffrage JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 214 Civil civil JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 215 rights right NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 216 movement movement NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 217 1865–1896 1865–1896 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 218   _SP en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 219 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 220 1896–1954 1896–1954 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 221   _SP en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 222 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 223 1954–1968 1954–1968 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 224 Spanish spanish JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 225 – – : en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 226 American American NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 227 War War NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 228 Imperialism Imperialism NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 229 World World NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 230 War War NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 231 I i NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 232 Roaring roar VBG en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 233 Twenties Twenties NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 234 Great Great NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 235 Depression Depression NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 236 World World NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 237 War War NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 238 II II NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 239 home home NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 240 front front JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 241 American American NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 242 Century Century NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 243 Cold Cold NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 244 War War NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 245 Korean Korean NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 246 War War NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 247 Space Space NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 248 Race Race NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 249 Feminist Feminist NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 250 Movement Movement NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 251 Vietnam Vietnam NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 252 War War NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 253 Post Post NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 254 - - NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 255 Cold Cold NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 256 War War NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 257 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 258 1991–2008 1991–2008 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 259 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 260 War War NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 261 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 262 Terror Terror NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 263 War War NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 264 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 265 Afghanistan Afghanistan NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 266 Iraq Iraq NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 267 War War NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 268 COVID-19 COVID-19 , en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 269 pandemic pandemic JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 270 By by IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 271 topic topic NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 272 Outline Outline NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 273 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 274 U.S. U.S. NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 275 history history NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 276 Demographic Demographic NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 277 Discoveries discovery NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 278 Economic economic JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 279 debt debt NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 280 ceiling ceiling NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 281 Inventions invention NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 282 before before IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 283 1890 1890 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 284 1890–1945 1890–1945 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 285 1946–1991 1946–1991 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 286 after after IN en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 287 1991 1991 CD en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 288 Military Military NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 289 Postal Postal NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 290 Technological Technological NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 291 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 292 industrial industrial JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 293 Geography Geography NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 294 Territory Territory NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 295 Contiguous Contiguous NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 296 United United NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 297 States States NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 298 Continental Continental NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 299 America America NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 300 counties county NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 301 federal federal JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 302 district district NN en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 303 federal federal JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 304 enclaves enclave VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 305 Indian indian JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 306 reservations reservation NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 307 insular insular JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 308 zones zone NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 309 minor minor JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 310 outlying outlying JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 311 islands island NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 312 populated populate VBD en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 313 places place NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 314 states state VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 315 Earthquakes Earthquakes NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 316 Extreme Extreme NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 317 points point NNS en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 318 Islands Islands NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 319 Mountains Mountains NNPS en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 320 peaks peak VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 321 ranges range VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 322 Appalachian Appalachian NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 323 Rocky Rocky NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 324 National National NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 325 Park Park NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 326 Service Service NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 327 National National NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 328 Parks Parks NNPS en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 329 Regions Regions NNPS en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 330 East East NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 331 Coast Coast NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 332 West West NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 333 Coast Coast NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 334 Great great JJ en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 335 Plains Plains NNPS en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 336 Gulf Gulf NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 337 Mid Mid NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 338 - - NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 339 Atlantic Atlantic NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 340 Midwestern Midwestern NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 341 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 342 England England NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 343 Pacific Pacific NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 344 Central Central NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 345 Eastern Eastern NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 346 Northern Northern NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 347 Northeastern Northeastern NNP en-wikipedia-org-9755 611 348 Northwestern 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