William Styron - Wikipedia William Styron From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to navigation Jump to search American writer William Styron Born William Clark Styron Jr. June 11, 1925 (1925-06-11) Newport News, Virginia, U.S. Died November 1, 2006 (2006-12) (aged 81) Martha's Vineyard, Massachusetts, U.S. Occupation Novelist, essayist Nationality American Alma mater Duke University Period 1951–2006 Notable works Lie Down in Darkness The Confessions of Nat Turner Sophie's Choice Darkness Visible Spouse Rose Styron ​ (m. 1953)​ Children 4, including Alexandra Signature William Clark Styron Jr. (June 11, 1925 – November 1, 2006) was an American novelist and essayist who won major literary awards for his work.[1] Styron was best known for his novels, including: Lie Down in Darkness (1951), his acclaimed first work, published when he was 26; The Confessions of Nat Turner (1967), narrated by Nat Turner, the leader of an 1831 Virginia slave revolt; Sophie's Choice (1979), a story "told through the eyes of a young aspiring writer from the South, about a Polish Catholic survivor of Auschwitz and her brilliant but psychotic Jewish lover in postwar Brooklyn".[2] In 1985, he suffered from his first serious bout with depression. Once he recovered from his illness, Styron was able to write the memoir Darkness Visible (1990), the work for which he became best known during the last two decades of his life. Contents 1 Early years 2 Career 2.1 Military service 2.2 Travels in Europe 3 Nat Turner controversy 4 Sophie's Choice 5 Darkness Visible 6 Later work and acclaim 6.1 Port Warwick street names 7 Death 8 Personal life 9 Bibliography 10 Notes 11 References 12 External links and further reading Early years[edit] Styron was born in the Hilton Village historic district[3] of Newport News, Virginia, the son of Pauline Margaret (Abraham) and William Clark Styron.[4] He grew up in the South and was steeped in its history. His birthplace was less than a hundred miles from the site of Nat Turner's slave rebellion, later the source for Styron's most famous and controversial novel. Styron's Northern mother and liberal Southern father gave him a broad perspective on race relations. Styron's childhood was a difficult one. His father, a shipyard engineer, suffered from clinical depression, which Styron himself would later experience. His mother died from breast cancer in 1939 when Styron was still a boy, following her decade-long battle with the disease. Styron attended public school in Warwick County, first at Hilton School and then at Morrison High School (now known as Warwick High School) for two years, until his father sent him to Christchurch School, an Episcopal college-preparatory school in the Tidewater region of Virginia. Styron once said, "But of all the schools I attended...only Christchurch ever commanded something more than mere respect—which is to say, my true and abiding affection."[5] Upon graduation, Styron enrolled in Davidson College[6] and joined Phi Delta Theta. By the age of eighteen he was reading the writers who would have a lasting influence on his vocation as a novelist and writer, especially Thomas Wolfe.[6] Styron transferred to Duke University in 1943 as a part of the U.S. Navy and Marine Corps V-12 program aimed at fast-tracking officer candidates by enrolling them simultaneously in basic training and bachelor's degree programs. There he published his first fiction, a short story heavily influenced by William Faulkner, in an anthology of student work[citation needed]. Styron published several short stories in the University literary magazine, The Archive, between 1944 and 1946.[7] Though Styron was made a lieutenant in the U.S. Marine Corps, the Japanese surrendered before his ship left San Francisco. After the war, he returned to full-time studies at Duke and completed his Bachelor of Arts (B.A.) in English in 1947.[7] Career[edit] After graduation, Styron took an editing position with McGraw-Hill in New York City. Styron later recalled the misery of this work in an autobiographical passage of Sophie’s Choice. After provoking his employers into firing him, he set about writing his first novel in earnest. Three years later, he published the novel, Lie Down in Darkness (1951), the story of a dysfunctional Virginia family. The novel received overwhelming critical acclaim. For this novel, Styron received the Rome Prize, awarded by the American Academy in Rome and the American Academy of Arts and Letters. Military service[edit] His recall into the military due to the Korean War prevented him from immediately accepting the Rome Prize. Styron joined the Marine Corps, but was discharged in 1952 for eye problems. However, he was to transform his experience at Camp Lejeune, North Carolina into his short novel, The Long March, published serially the following year. This was adapted for the Playhouse 90 episode The Long March in 1958. Travels in Europe[edit] Styron spent an extended period in Europe. In Paris, he became friends with writers Romain Gary, George Plimpton, Peter Matthiessen, James Baldwin, James Jones and Irwin Shaw, among others. In 1953, the group founded the magazine Paris Review, which became a celebrated literary journal.[6] The year 1953 was eventful for Styron in another way. Finally able to take advantage of his Rome Prize, he traveled to Italy, where he became friends with Truman Capote. At the American Academy, he renewed an acquaintance with a young Baltimore poet, Rose Burgunder, to whom he had been introduced the previous fall at Johns Hopkins University. They were married in Rome in the spring of 1953. Some of Styron's experiences during this period inspired his third published book Set This House on Fire (1960), a novel about intellectual American expatriates on the Amalfi coast of Italy. The novel received mixed reviews in the United States, although its publisher considered it successful in terms of sales. In Europe its translation into French achieved best-seller status, far outselling the American edition. Nat Turner controversy[edit] Styron's next two novels, published between 1967 and 1979, sparked much controversy. Feeling wounded by his first truly harsh reviews[citation needed], for Set This House on Fire, Styron spent the years after its publication researching and writing his next novel, the fictitious memoirs of the historical Nathaniel "Nat" Turner, a slave who led a slave rebellion in 1831. During the 1960s, Styron became an eyewitness to another time of rebellion in the United States, living and writing at the heart of that turbulent decade, a time highlighted by the counterculture revolution with its political struggle, civil unrest, and racial tension. The public response to this social upheaval was furious and intense: battle lines were being drawn. In 1968, Styron signed the "Writers and Editors War Tax Protest" pledge, a vow refusing to pay taxes as a protest against the Vietnam War.[8] In this atmosphere of dissent, many[who?] had criticized Styron's friend James Baldwin for his novel Another Country, published in 1962. Among the criticisms was outrage over a black author choosing a white woman as the protagonist in a story that tells of her involvement with a black man. Baldwin was Styron's house guest for several months following the critical storm generated by Another Country. During that time, he read early drafts of Styron's new novel, and predicted that Styron's book would face even harsher scrutiny than Another Country. "Bill's going to catch it from both sides," he told an interviewer immediately following the 1967 publication of The Confessions of Nat Turner. Baldwin's prediction was correct, and despite public defenses of Styron by leading artists of the time, including Baldwin and Ralph Ellison, numerous other black critics reviled Styron's portrayal of Turner as racist stereotyping. The historian and critic John Henrik Clarke edited and contributed to a polemical anthology, William Styron's Nat Turner: Ten Black Writers Respond, published in 1968 by Beacon Press. Particularly controversial was a passage in which Turner fantasizes about raping a white woman. Several critics pointed to this as a dangerous perpetuation of a traditional Southern justification for lynching. Styron also writes of a situation where Turner and another slave boy have a homosexual encounter while alone in the woods. Despite the controversy, the novel was a runaway critical and financial success, and won both the 1968 Pulitzer Prize for Fiction,[9] and the William Dean Howells Medal in 1970. Sophie's Choice[edit] Styron's next novel, Sophie's Choice (1979), also generated significant controversy, in part due to Styron's decision to portray a non-Jewish victim of Nazism and in part due to its explicit sexuality and profanity. It was banned in South Africa, censored in the Soviet Union, and banned in Poland for "its unflinching portrait of Polish anti-Semitism"[10] It has also been banned in some high schools in the United States.[11] The novel tells the story of Sophie (a Polish Roman Catholic who survived Auschwitz), Nathan (her brilliant Jewish lover who suffered from paranoid schizophrenia), and Stingo (a Southern transplant in post-World War II-Brooklyn who was in love with Sophie). It won the 1980 National Book Award[12][a] and was a nationwide bestseller. A 1982 film version was nominated for five Academy Awards, with Meryl Streep winning the Academy Award for Best Actress for her portrayal of Sophie. Kevin Kline and Peter MacNicol played Nathan and Stingo, respectively. Darkness Visible[edit] Styron's readership expanded with the publication of Darkness Visible in 1990. This memoir, which began as a magazine article, chronicles the author's descent into depression and his near-fatal night of "despair beyond despair".[13] It is a first-hand account of a major depressive episode and challenged the modern taboo on acknowledging such issues. The memoir's goals included increasing knowledge and decreasing stigmatization of major depressive disorders and suicide. It explored the phenomenology of the disease among sufferers, their loved ones, and the general public as well. Earlier, in December 1989, Styron had written an op-ed for The New York Times responding to the disappointment and mystification among scholars about the apparent suicide of Primo Levi, the remarkable Italian writer who survived the Nazi death camps, but apparently fell victim to depression in his final years. Reportedly, it was the public's unsympathetic response to Levi's death that impelled Styron to take a more active role as an advocate for educating the public about the nature of depression, about which he was a dilettante, and the role it allegedly played in mental health and suicide.[6] Styron noted in an article for Vanity Fair that "the pain of severe depression is quite unimaginable to those who have not suffered it, and it kills in many instances because its anguish can no longer be borne. The prevention of many suicides will continue to be hindered until there is a general awareness of the nature of this pain. Through the healing process of time—and through medical intervention or hospitalization in many cases—most people survive depression, which may be its only blessing; but to the tragic legion who are compelled to destroy themselves there should be no more reproof attached than to the victims of terminal cancer."[14] Later work and acclaim[edit] Styron was awarded the St. Louis Literary Award from the Saint Louis University Library Associates.[15][16] Styron was awarded the Prix mondial Cino Del Duca in 1985. His short story "Shadrach" was filmed in 1998, under the same title. It was co-directed by his daughter Susanna Styron. Other works published during his lifetime include the play In the Clap Shack (1973), and a collection of his nonfiction, This Quiet Dust (1982). French President François Mitterrand invited Styron to his first Presidential inauguration, and later made him a Commander of the Legion of Honor.[17] In 1993, Styron was awarded the National Medal of Arts.[18] In 2002 an opera by Nicholas Maw based on Sophie's Choice premièred at the Royal Opera House in Covent Garden, London. Maw wrote the libretto and composed the music. He had approached Styron about writing the libretto, but Styron declined. Later the opera received a new production by stage director Markus Bothe at the Deutsche Oper Berlin and the Volksoper Wien, and had its North American premiere at the Washington National Opera in October 2006.[2] A collection of Styron's papers and records is housed at the Rubenstein Library, Duke University.[7] In 1996 William Styron received the 1st Fitzgerald Award on the centenary of F. Scott Fitzgerald's birth. The F. Scott Fitzgerald Award for Achievement in American Literature award is given annually in Rockville Maryland, the city where Fitzgerald, his wife, and his daughter are buried, as part of the F. Scott Fitzgerald Literary Festival. In 1988 he was awarded the Edward MacDowell Medal.[19] Port Warwick street names[edit] The Port Warwick neighborhood of Newport News, Virginia, was named after the fictional city in Styron's Lie Down in Darkness. The neighborhood describes itself as a "mixed-use new urbanism development." The most prominent feature of Port Warwick is William Styron Square along with its two main boulevards, Loftis Boulevard and Nat Turner Boulevard, named after characters in Styron's novels. Styron himself was appointed to design a naming system for Port Warwick, deciding to "honor great American writers", resulting in Philip Roth Street, Thomas Wolfe Street, Flannery O'Connor Street, Herman Melville Avenue and others.[20] Death[edit] Styron died from pneumonia on November 1, 2006, at age 81 on Martha's Vineyard. He is buried at West Chop Cemetery in Vineyard Haven, Dukes County, Massachusetts.[21] Personal life[edit] While doing a fellowship at the American Academy in Rome, Styron renewed a passing acquaintance with young Baltimore poet Rose Burgunder. They married in Rome in the spring of 1953. Together, they had four children: daughter Susanna Styron is a film director; daughter Paola is an internationally acclaimed modern dancer; daughter Alexandra is a writer, known for the 2001 novel All The Finest Girls and 2011 memoir Reading My Father: A Memoir; son Thomas is a professor of clinical psychology at Yale University. Bibliography[edit] Note – the following is a list of the first American editions of Styron's books Lie Down in Darkness. Indianapolis: Bobbs-Merrill, 1951. The Long March. New York: Random House, 1956.[22] Set This House on Fire. New York: Random House, 1960 The Confessions of Nat Turner. New York: Random House, 1967. In the Clap Shack. New York: Random House, 1973. Sophie's Choice. New York: Random House, 1979. Shadrach. Los Angeles: Sylvester & Orphanos, 1979. This Quiet Dust and Other Writings. New York: Random House, 1982. Expanded edition, New York: Vintage, 1993. Darkness Visible: A Memoir of Madness. New York: Random House, 1990. A Tidewater Morning: Three Tales from Youth. New York: Random House, 1993 Inheritance of Night: Early Drafts of Lie Down in Darkness. Preface by William Styron. Ed. James L. W. West III. Durham and London: Duke University Press, 1993. Havanas in Camelot: Personal Essays. New York: Random House, 2008. The Suicide Run: Fives Tales of the Marine Corps. New York: Random House, 2009. Selected Letters of William Styron. Edited by Rose Styron, with R. Blakeslee Gilpin. New York: Random House, 2012. My Generation: Collected Nonfiction. Edited by James L.W. I West III. New York: Random House, 2015. Notes[edit] ^ This was the 1980 award for hardcover general Fiction. From 1980 to 1983 in National Book Awards history there were dual hardcover and paperback awards in most categories, and multiple fiction categories, especially in 1980. Most of the paperback award-winners were reprints, including the 1980 general Fiction. References[edit] ^ Christopher Lehmann-Haupt (November 2, 2006). "William Styron, Novelist, Dies at 81". The New York Times. ^ a b Kozinn, Allan (May 19, 2009). "Nicholas Maw, British Composer, Is Dead at 73". The New York Times. Retrieved December 28, 2010. ^ The Return of a Village Histon'S Boosters See Potential In Its Quaint Wwi Structures ^ [1] ^ [2] ^ a b c d Eric Homberger. "Obituary: William Styron". the Guardian. Retrieved November 19, 2014. ^ a b c "William Styron Papers, 1855–2007 and undated". Rubenstein Library, Duke University. ^ "Writers and Editors War Tax Protest" January 30, 1968 New York Post ^ Confessions of Nat Turner, Amazon.com ^ Sirlin, Rhoda and West III, James L. W. Sophie's Choice: A Contemporary Casebook. Newcastle UK: Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2007. p. ix. http://www.cambridgescholars.com/download/sample/60485. Accessed January 5, 2013. ^ Helfand, Duke. "Students Fight for 'Sophie's Choice" Los Angeles Times. December 22, 2001. Accessed January 5, 2013. ^ "National Book Awards – 1980". National Book Foundation. Retrieved 2012-03-15. (With essay by Robert Weil from the Awards 60-year anniversary blog. ^ Michiko Kakutani (November 3, 2006). "Styron Visible: Naming the Evils That Humans Do". The New York Times. ^ Styron, William (December 1989). "Darkness Visible". Vanity Fair. Retrieved April 11, 2013. ^ Website of St. Louis Literary Award ^ Saint Louis University Library Associates. "Recipients of the Saint Louis Literary Award". Archived from the original on July 31, 2016. Retrieved July 25, 2016. ^ "William Styron, Pulitzer Prize-Winning Author". ShopHiltonVillage.com. Archived from the original on June 2, 2015. Retrieved December 20, 2010. ^ "Lifetime Honors – National Medal of Arts". Nea.gov. Archived from the original on July 21, 2011. Retrieved June 18, 2011. ^ "MacDowell Medal winners — 1960–2011". The Telegraph. Retrieved December 6, 2019. ^ "William Styron". Portwarwick.com. Retrieved January 29, 2018. ^ Mike Wallace: a life ^ 1952 (serial), 1956 (book) External links and further reading[edit] Wikiquote has quotations related to: William Styron Peter Matthiessen and George Plimpton (Spring 1954). "William Styron, The Art of Fiction No. 5". The Paris Review. George Plimpton (Spring 1999). "William Styron, The Art of Fiction No. 156". The Paris Review. James Campbell, "Tidewater traumas", The Guardian Unlimited website William Styron on IMDb Kenneth S. Greenberg, ed. Nat Turner: A Slave Rebellion in History and Memory, New York: Oxford University Press, 2003. xix + 289 pp., ISBN 978-0-19-513404-9 (cloth); ISBN 978-0-19-517756-5 (paper). James L. W. West III [editor], Conversations with William Styron, Jackson, MS: University of Mississippi Press, 1985. ISBN 0-87805-260-7. James L. W. West III, William Styron: A Life, New York: Random House, 1998. ISBN 0-679-41054-6 Charlie Rose with William Styron, A discussion about mental illness, 50-minute interview William Styron interview with William Waterway Marks on "The Vineyard Voice"/1989/covers a range of topics. "An Appreciation of William Styron", Charlie Rose, – 55-minute-long video A Conversation with William Styron on-line reprint of interview published in Humanities, 18,3 (1997), William Styron interview on Martha's Vineyard, William Styron interview by author and TV host William Waterway Marks with rare photo of Styron sitting at desk in his island writing studio. Michael Lackey, "The Theology of Nazi Anti-Semitism in William Styron's Sophie's Choice," Lit: Literature Interpretation Theory, 22,4 (2011), 277–300. KCRW Bookworm Interview A memoir of life with Styron by his writer daughter, Alexandra Styron. Stuart Wright Collection: William Styron Papers (#1169-011), East Carolina Manuscript Collection, J. Y. Joyner Library, East Carolina University William Styron: An Author's Life and Career, a comprehensive website maintained by James L. W. West III, Styron’s biographer. Awards for William Styron v t e National Book Award for Fiction (1975–1999) Dog Soldiers by Robert Stone (1975) The Hair of Harold Roux by Thomas Williams (1975) J R by William Gaddis (1976) The Spectator Bird by Wallace Stegner (1977) Blood Tie by Mary Lee Settle (1978) Going After Cacciato by Tim O'Brien (1979) Sophie's Choice by William Styron (1980) The World According to Garp by John Irving (1980) Plains Song: For Female Voices by Wright Morris (1981) The Stories of John Cheever by John Cheever (1981) Rabbit Is Rich by John Updike (1982) So Long, See You Tomorrow by William Maxwell (1982) The Color Purple by Alice Walker (1983) The Collected Stories of Eudora Welty by Eudora Welty (1983) Victory Over Japan by Ellen Gilchrist (1984) White Noise by Don DeLillo (1985) World's Fair by E. L. Doctorow (1986) Paco's Story by Larry Heinemann (1987) Paris Trout by Pete Dexter (1988) Spartina by John Casey (1989) Middle Passage by Charles Johnson (1990) Mating by Norman Rush (1991) All the Pretty Horses by Cormac McCarthy (1992) The Shipping News by E. Annie Proulx (1993) A Frolic of His Own by William Gaddis (1994) Sabbath's Theater by Philip Roth (1995) Ship Fever and Other Stories by Andrea Barrett (1996) Cold Mountain by Charles Frazier (1997) Charming Billy by Alice McDermott (1998) Waiting by Ha Jin (1999) Complete list (1950–1974) (1975–1999) (2000–2024) v t e National Medal of Arts recipients (1990s) 1990 George Abbott Hume Cronyn Jessica Tandy Merce Cunningham Jasper Johns Jacob Lawrence Riley "B.B." King David Lloyd Kreeger Harris & Carroll Sterling Masterson Ian McHarg Beverly Sills Southeastern Bell Corporation 1991 Maurice Abravanel Roy Acuff Pietro Belluschi John Carter Brown III Charles "Honi" Coles John Crosby Richard Diebenkorn R. Philip Hanes Kitty Carlisle Hart Pearl Primus Isaac Stern Texaco 1992 Marilyn Horne James Earl Jones Allan Houser Minnie Pearl Robert Saudek Earl Scruggs Robert Shaw Billy Taylor Robert Venturi and Denise Scott Brown Robert Wise AT&T Lila Wallace 1993 Walter and Leonore Annenberg Cabell "Cab" Calloway Ray Charles Bess Lomax Hawes Stanley Kunitz Robert Merrill Arthur Miller Robert Rauschenberg Lloyd Richards William Styron Paul Taylor Billy Wilder 1994 Harry Belafonte Dave Brubeck Celia Cruz Dorothy DeLay Julie Harris Erick Hawkins Gene Kelly Pete Seeger Catherine Filene Shouse Wayne Thiebaud Richard Wilbur Young Audiences 1995 Licia Albanese Gwendolyn Brooks B. Gerald and Iris Cantor Ossie Davis and Ruby Dee David Diamond James Ingo Freed Bob Hope Roy Lichtenstein Arthur Mitchell Bill Monroe Urban Gateways 1996 Edward Albee Sarah Caldwell Harry Callahan Zelda Fichandler Eduardo "Lalo" Guerrero Lionel Hampton Bella Lewitzky Vera List Robert Redford Maurice Sendak Stephen Sondheim Boys Choir of Harlem 1997 Louise Bourgeois Betty Carter Agnes Gund Daniel Urban Kiley Angela Lansbury James Levine Tito Puente Jason Robards Edward Villella Doc Watson MacDowell Colony 1998 Jacques d'Amboise Antoine "Fats" Domino Ramblin' Jack Elliott Frank Gehry Barbara Handman Agnes Martin Gregory Peck Roberta Peters Philip Roth Sara Lee Corporation Steppenwolf Theatre Company Gwen Verdon 1999 Irene Diamond Aretha Franklin Michael Graves Odetta Juilliard School Norman Lear Rosetta LeNoire Harvey Lichtenstein Lydia Mendoza George Segal Maria Tallchief Complete list 1980s 1990s 2000s 2010s v t e Pulitzer Prize for Fiction 1918–1925 His Family by Ernest Poole (1918) The Magnificent Ambersons by Booth Tarkington (1919) The Age of Innocence by Edith Wharton (1921) Alice Adams by Booth Tarkington (1922) One of Ours by Willa Cather (1923) The Able McLaughlins by Margaret Wilson (1924) So Big by Edna Ferber (1925) 1926–1950 Arrowsmith by Sinclair Lewis (declined) (1926) Early Autumn by Louis Bromfield (1927) The Bridge of San Luis Rey by Thornton Wilder (1928) Scarlet Sister Mary by Julia Peterkin (1929) Laughing Boy by Oliver La Farge (1930) Years of Grace by Margaret Ayer Barnes (1931) The Good Earth by Pearl S. Buck (1932) The Store by Thomas Sigismund Stribling (1933) Lamb in His Bosom by Caroline Pafford Miller (1934) Now in November by Josephine Winslow Johnson (1935) Honey in the Horn by Harold L. Davis (1936) Gone with the Wind by Margaret Mitchell (1937) The Late George Apley by John Phillips Marquand (1938) The Yearling by Marjorie Kinnan Rawlings (1939) The Grapes of Wrath by John Steinbeck (1940) In This Our Life by Ellen Glasgow (1942) Dragon's Teeth by Upton Sinclair (1943) Journey in the Dark by Martin Flavin (1944) A Bell for Adano by John Hersey (1945) All the King's Men by Robert Penn Warren (1947) Tales of the South Pacific by James A. Michener (1948) Guard of Honor by James Gould Cozzens (1949) The Way West by A. B. Guthrie Jr. (1950) 1951–1975 The Town by Conrad Richter (1951) The Caine Mutiny by Herman Wouk (1952) The Old Man and the Sea by Ernest Hemingway (1953) A Fable by William Faulkner (1955) Andersonville by MacKinlay Kantor (1956) A Death in the Family by James Agee (1958) The Travels of Jaimie McPheeters by Robert Lewis Taylor (1959) Advise and Consent by Allen Drury (1960) To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee (1961) The Edge of Sadness by Edwin O'Connor (1962) The Reivers by William Faulkner (1963) The Keepers of the House by Shirley Ann Grau (1965) The Collected Stories of Katherine Anne Porter by Katherine Anne Porter (1966) The Fixer by Bernard Malamud (1967) The Confessions of Nat Turner by William Styron (1968) House Made of Dawn by N. Scott Momaday (1969) The Collected Stories of Jean Stafford by Jean Stafford (1970) Angle of Repose by Wallace Stegner (1972) The Optimist's Daughter by Eudora Welty (1973) No award given (1974) The Killer Angels by Michael Shaara (1975) 1976–2000 Humboldt's Gift by Saul Bellow (1976) No award given (1977) Elbow Room by James Alan McPherson (1978) The Stories of John Cheever by John Cheever (1979) The Executioner's Song by Norman Mailer (1980) A Confederacy of Dunces by John Kennedy Toole (1981) Rabbit Is Rich by John Updike (1982) The Color Purple by Alice Walker (1983) Ironweed by William Kennedy (1984) Foreign Affairs by Alison Lurie (1985) Lonesome Dove by Larry McMurtry (1986) A Summons to Memphis by Peter Taylor (1987) Beloved by Toni Morrison (1988) Breathing Lessons by Anne Tyler (1989) The Mambo Kings Play Songs of Love by Oscar Hijuelos (1990) Rabbit at Rest by John Updike (1991) A Thousand Acres by Jane Smiley (1992) A Good Scent from a Strange Mountain by Robert Olen Butler (1993) The Shipping News by E. Annie Proulx (1994) The Stone Diaries by Carol Shields (1995) Independence Day by Richard Ford (1996) Martin Dressler: The Tale of an American Dreamer by Steven Millhauser (1997) American Pastoral by Philip Roth (1998) The Hours by Michael Cunningham (1999) Interpreter of Maladies by Jhumpa Lahiri (2000) 2001–present The Amazing Adventures of Kavalier & Clay by Michael Chabon (2001) Empire Falls by Richard Russo (2002) Middlesex by Jeffrey Eugenides (2003) The Known World by Edward P. Jones (2004) Gilead by Marilynne Robinson (2005) March by Geraldine Brooks (2006) The Road by Cormac McCarthy (2007) The Brief Wondrous Life of Oscar Wao by Junot Díaz (2008) Olive Kitteridge by Elizabeth Strout (2009) Tinkers by Paul Harding (2010) A Visit from the Goon Squad by Jennifer Egan (2011) No award given (2012) The Orphan Master's Son by Adam Johnson (2013) The Goldfinch by Donna Tartt (2014) All the Light We Cannot See by Anthony Doerr (2015) The Sympathizer by Viet Thanh Nguyen (2016) The Underground Railroad by Colson Whitehead (2017) Less by Andrew Sean Greer (2018) The Overstory by Richard Powers (2019) The Nickel Boys by Colson Whitehead (2020) v t e Cannes Film Festival jury presidents 1946–1975 Georges Huisman (1946) Georges Huisman (1947) Georges Huisman (1949) André Maurois (1951) Maurice Genevoix (1952) Jean Cocteau (1953) Jean Cocteau (1954) Marcel Pagnol (1955) Maurice Lehmann (1956) André Maurois (1957) Marcel Achard (1958) Marcel Achard (1959) Georges Simenon (1960) Jean Giono (1961) Tetsurō Furukaki (1962) Armand Salacrou (1963) Fritz Lang (1964) Olivia de Havilland (1965) Sophia Loren (1966) Alessandro Blasetti (1967) André Chamson (1968) Luchino Visconti (1969) Miguel Ángel Asturias (1970) Michèle Morgan (1971) Joseph Losey (1972) Ingrid Bergman (1973) René Clair (1974) Jeanne Moreau (1975) 1976–2000 Tennessee Williams (1976) Roberto Rossellini (1977) Alan J. Pakula (1978) Françoise Sagan (1979) Kirk Douglas (1980) Jacques Deray (1981) Giorgio Strehler (1982) William Styron (1983) Dirk Bogarde (1984) Miloš Forman (1985) Sydney Pollack (1986) Yves Montand (1987) Ettore Scola (1988) Wim Wenders (1989) Bernardo Bertolucci (1990) Roman Polanski (1991) Gérard Depardieu (1992) Louis Malle (1993) Clint Eastwood (1994) Jeanne Moreau (1995) Francis Ford Coppola (1996) Isabelle Adjani (1997) Martin Scorsese (1998) David Cronenberg (1999) Luc Besson (2000) 2001–present Liv Ullmann (2001) David Lynch (2002) Patrice Chéreau (2003) Quentin Tarantino (2004) Emir Kusturica (2005) Wong Kar-wai (2006) Stephen Frears (2007) Sean Penn (2008) Isabelle Huppert (2009) Tim Burton (2010) Robert De Niro (2011) Nanni Moretti (2012) Steven Spielberg (2013) Jane Campion (2014) Joel and Ethan Coen (2015) George Miller (2016) Pedro Almodóvar (2017) Cate Blanchett (2018) Alejandro González Iñárritu (2019) Spike Lee (2020) Authority control BIBSYS: 90051025 BNE: XX906996 BNF: cb11925701r (data) CANTIC: a16323531 CiNii: DA00467790 GND: 118799304 ISNI: 0000 0001 2281 6455 LCCN: n79022959 LNB: 000025919 NDL: 00458016 NKC: jn19990008342 NLG: 206028 NLI: 000236681 NLK: KAC199626778 NLP: A11795347 NSK: 000252604 NTA: 06970757X PLWABN: 9810566605605606 RERO: 02-A003873041 SELIBR: 227214 SNAC: w6cr60m5 SUDOC: 02715100X ULAN: 500289282 VIAF: 71398096 WorldCat Identities: lccn-n79022959 Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=William_Styron&oldid=1002518646" Categories: 1925 births 2006 deaths 20th-century American novelists American male novelists American tax resisters Duke University Trinity College of Arts and Sciences alumni National Book Award winners Members of the American Academy of Arts and Letters United States National Medal of Arts recipients People from Newport News, Virginia People with mood disorders Pulitzer Prize for Fiction winners Novelists from Virginia Prix mondial Cino Del Duca winners United States Marine Corps officers People from Tisbury, Massachusetts 20th-century American male writers Deaths from pneumonia United States Marine Corps personnel of World War II Hidden categories: Articles with short description Short description is different from Wikidata Use mdy dates from October 2016 All articles with unsourced statements Articles with unsourced statements from October 2012 Articles with unsourced statements from October 2016 All articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases Articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases from July 2012 Wikipedia articles with BIBSYS identifiers Wikipedia articles with BNE identifiers Wikipedia articles with BNF identifiers Wikipedia articles with CANTIC identifiers Wikipedia articles with CINII identifiers Wikipedia articles with GND identifiers Wikipedia articles with ISNI identifiers Wikipedia articles with LCCN identifiers Wikipedia articles with LNB identifiers Wikipedia articles with NDL identifiers Wikipedia articles with NKC identifiers Wikipedia articles with NLG identifiers Wikipedia articles with NLI identifiers Wikipedia articles with NLK identifiers Wikipedia articles with NLP identifiers Wikipedia articles with NSK identifiers Wikipedia articles with NTA identifiers Wikipedia articles with PLWABN identifiers Wikipedia articles with RERO identifiers Wikipedia articles with SELIBR identifiers Wikipedia articles with SNAC-ID identifiers Wikipedia articles with SUDOC identifiers Wikipedia articles with ULAN identifiers Wikipedia articles with VIAF identifiers Wikipedia articles with WORLDCATID identifiers Navigation menu Personal tools Not logged in Talk Contributions Create account Log in Namespaces Article Talk Variants Views Read Edit View history More Search Navigation Main page Contents Current events Random article About Wikipedia Contact us Donate Contribute Help Learn to edit Community portal Recent changes Upload file Tools What links here Related changes Upload file Special pages Permanent link Page information Cite this page Wikidata item Print/export Download as PDF Printable version In other projects Wikimedia Commons Wikiquote Languages العربية تۆرکجه Български Brezhoneg Čeština Cymraeg Dansk Deutsch Ελληνικά Español Esperanto Euskara فارسی Français Gàidhlig Galego 한국어 Հայերեն हिन्दी Bahasa Indonesia Íslenska Italiano עברית ქართული Kiswahili Кыргызча Latina مصرى Nederlands 日本語 Polski Português Русский Slovenčina Suomi Svenska ไทย Українська Tiếng Việt Edit links This page was last edited on 24 January 2021, at 20:44 (UTC). Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization. Privacy policy About Wikipedia Disclaimers Contact Wikipedia Mobile view Developers Statistics Cookie statement