James Agee - Wikipedia James Agee From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to navigation Jump to search James Agee Agee in 1937 Born James Rufus Agee November 27, 1909 Knoxville, Tennessee, U.S. Died May 16, 1955(1955-05-16) (aged 45) New York City, U.S. Nationality American Notable works A Death in the Family, Let Us Now Praise Famous Men Spouse Via Saunders (1933-1938) Alma Mailman (1938-1941) Mia Fritsch (1946-1955; his death) Children Joel (b. 1940) Julia Teresa ("Deedee") Andrea John James Rufus Agee (/ˈeɪdʒiː/ AY-jee; November 27, 1909 – May 16, 1955) was an American novelist, journalist, poet, screenwriter and film critic. In the 1940s, he was one of the most influential film critics in the U.S. His autobiographical novel, A Death in the Family (1957), won the author a posthumous 1958 Pulitzer Prize. Contents 1 Early life and education 2 Career 2.1 Screenwriting 3 Personal life 3.1 Legacy 4 Bibliography 4.1 Published as 5 References 6 Further reading 7 External links Early life and education[edit] Agee was born in Knoxville, Tennessee, to Hugh James Agee and Laura Whitman Tyler, at Highland Avenue and 15th Street, which was renamed James Agee Street, in 1909, in what is now the Fort Sanders neighborhood.[1] When Agee was six, his father was killed in an automobile accident. From the age of seven, Agee and his younger sister, Emma, were educated in several boarding schools. The most prominent of these was located near his mother's summer cottage two miles from Sewanee, Tennessee. Saint Andrews School for Mountain Boys was run by the monastic Order of the Holy Cross affiliated with the Episcopal Church.[2] It was there that Agee's lifelong friendship with Episcopal priest Father James Harold Flye, a history teacher at St. Andrew's, and his wife Grace Eleanor Houghton began in 1919.[3] As Agee's close friend and mentor, Flye corresponded with him on literary and other topics through life and became a confidant of Agee's soul-wrestling. He published the letters after Agee's death. The New York Times Book Review pronounced The Letters of James Agee to Father Flye (1962 ) as "comparable in importance to Fitzgerald's 'The Crackup' and Thomas Wolfe's letters as a self-portrait of the artist in the modern American scene."[4] James Agee Park in the Fort Sanders neighborhood of Knoxville, Tennessee – Agee's childhood home and the setting for his novel A Death in the Family. Agee's mother married St. Andrew's bursar Father Erskine Wright in 1924, and the two moved to Rockland, Maine.[5] Agee went to Knoxville High School for the 1924–1925 school year, then traveled with Father Flye to Europe in the summer, when Agee was sixteen. On their return, Agee transferred to a boarding school in New Hampshire, entering the class of 1928 at Phillips Exeter Academy. Soon after, he began a correspondence with Dwight Macdonald. At Phillips Exeter, Agee was president of The Lantern Club and editor of the Monthly where his first short stories, plays, poetry and articles were published. Despite barely passing many of his high school courses, Agee was admitted to Harvard College's class of 1932, where he lived in Thayer Hall and Eliot House. At Harvard, Agee took classes taught by Robert Hillyer and I. A. Richards; his classmate in those was the future poet and critic Robert Fitzgerald, with whom he would eventually work at Time.[5] Agee was editor-in-chief of the Harvard Advocate and delivered the class ode at his commencement. Career[edit] After graduation, Agee was hired by Time Inc. as a reporter, and moved to New York City, where he wrote for Fortune magazine from 1932 to 1937, although he is better known for his later film criticism in Time and The Nation. In 1934, he published his only volume of poetry, Permit Me Voyage, with a foreword by Archibald MacLeish. In the summer of 1936, during the Great Depression, Agee spent eight weeks on assignment for Fortune with photographer Walker Evans, living among sharecroppers in Alabama. While Fortune did not publish his article, Agee turned the material into a book titled Let Us Now Praise Famous Men (1941).[6] It sold only 600 copies before being remaindered. Another manuscript from the same assignment discovered in 2003, titled Cotton Tenants, is believed to be the essay submitted to Fortune editors. The 30,000 word text, accompanied by photographs by Walker Evans, was published as a book in June 2013. John Jeremiah Sullivan writes in the Summer 2013 issue of BookForum that, "This is not merely an early, partial draft of Famous Men, in other words, not just a different book; it's a different Agee, an unknown Agee. Its excellence should enhance his reputation."[7] A significant difference between the works is the use of original names in Cotton Tenants; Agee assigned fictional names to the subjects of Famous Men in order to protect their identity.[8] Agee left Fortune in 1937 while working on a book, then, in 1939, he took a book reviewing job at Time, sometimes reviewing up to six books per week; together, he and his friend Whittaker Chambers ran "the back of the book" for Time.[9] In 1941, he became Time's film critic.[10] From 1942-1948, he worked as a film critic for The Nation.[11] Agee was an ardent champion of Charlie Chaplin's then unpopular film Monsieur Verdoux (1947), since recognized as a film classic. He was also a great admirer of Laurence Olivier's Henry V and Hamlet, especially Henry V.[12] Agee on Film (1958) collected his writings of this period. Three writers listed it as one of the best film-related books ever written in a 2010 poll by the British Film Institute.[13] In 1948, Agee quit his job to become a freelance writer. One of his assignments was a well-received article for Life Magazine about the silent movie comedians Charles Chaplin, Buster Keaton, Harold Lloyd and Harry Langdon. The article has been credited for reviving Keaton's career. As a freelancer in the 1950s, Agee continued to write magazine articles while working on movie scripts; he developed a friendship with photographer Helen Levitt.[14] Screenwriting[edit] In 1947 and 1948, Agee wrote an untitled screenplay for Charlie Chaplin, in which the Tramp survives a nuclear holocaust; posthumously titled The Tramp's New World, the text was published in 2005.[15] The commentary Agee wrote for the 1948 documentary The Quiet One was his first contribution to a film that was completed and released.[16] Agee's career as a movie scriptwriter was curtailed by his alcoholism. Nevertheless, he is one of the credited screenwriters on two of the most respected films of the 1950s: The African Queen (1951) and The Night of the Hunter (1955). His contribution to Hunter is shrouded in controversy. Some critics have claimed the published script was written by the film's director Charles Laughton. Reports that Agee's screenplay for Hunter was not used have been proved false by the 2004 discovery of his first draft, which although 293 pages in length, is many scenes the film which Laughton directed. However, Laughton seemed to have edited great parts of the script because Agee's original script was too long.[17] While not yet published, the first draft has been read by scholars, most notably Professor Jeffrey Couchman of Columbia University. He credited Agee in the essay, "Credit Where Credit Is Due." Also false were reports that Agee was fired from the film. Laughton renewed Agee's contract and directed him to cut the script in half, which Agee did. Later, apparently at Robert Mitchum's request, Agee visited the set to settle a dispute between the star and Laughton. Letters and documents located in the archive of Agee's agent Paul Kohner bear this out; they were documented by Laughton's biographer Simon Callow, whose BFI book about The Night of the Hunter set this part of the record straight.[citation needed] Jeffrey Couchman, the author of a 2009 book about The Night of the Hunter, writes that Agees screenplay would have been a film with about six hours length, so Laughton had to cut and edit a considerable part of Agee's screenplay.[18] Personal life[edit] Soon after graduation from Harvard, he married Olivia Saunders (aka "Via") on January 28, 1933; they divorced in 1938. Later that same year, he married Alma Mailman. They divorced in 1941, and Alma moved to Mexico with their year-old son Joel to live with Communist politician and writer Bodo Uhse. Agee began living in Greenwich Village with Mia Fritsch, whom he married in 1946. They had two daughters, Julia and Andrea, and a son John. In 1951 in Santa Barbara, Agee, a hard drinker and chain-smoker, suffered a heart attack; on May 16, 1955, Agee was in New York City when he suffered a fatal heart attack in a taxi cab en route to a doctor's appointment.[19] He was buried on a farm he owned at Hillsdale, New York, property still held by Agee descendants.[20] Legacy[edit] During his lifetime, Agee enjoyed only modest public recognition. Since his death, his literary reputation has grown. In 1957, his novel A Death in the Family (based on the events surrounding his father's death) was published posthumously and in 1958 won the Pulitzer Prize for fiction. In 2007, Dr. Michael Lofaro published a restored edition of the novel using Agee's original manuscripts. Agee's work had been heavily edited before its original publication by publisher David McDowell.[21] Agee's reviews and screenplays have been collected in two volumes of Agee on Film. There is some dispute over the extent of his participation in the writing of The Night of the Hunter.[22] Let Us Now Praise Famous Men has grown to be considered Agee's masterpiece.[23] Ignored on its original publication in 1941, the book has since been placed among the greatest literary works of the 20th century by the New York School of Journalism and the New York Public Library. It was the inspiration for the Aaron Copland opera The Tender Land. David Simon, journalist and creator of acclaimed television series The Wire, credited the book with impacting him early in his career and influencing his practice of journalism.[24] The composer Samuel Barber set sections of "Descriptions of Elysium" from Permit Me Voyage to music, composing a song based on "Sure On This Shining Night." In addition, he set prose from the "Knoxville" section of A Death in the Family in his work for soprano and orchestra titled Knoxville: Summer of 1915. "Sure On This Shining Night" has also been set to music by composers René Clausen, Z. Randall Stroope and Morten Lauridsen. In late 1979 the filmmaker Ross Spears premiered his film AGEE: A Sovereign Prince of the English Language, which was later nominated for an Academy Award for Best Documentary Feature and was awarded a Blue Ribbon at the 1980 American Film Festival. AGEE featured James Agee's friends, Dwight Macdonald, Robert Fitzgerald, Robert Saudek, and John Huston, as well as the three women to whom James Agee had been married. In addition, Father James Harold Flye was a featured interviewee. President Jimmy Carter speaks about his favorite book, Let Us Now Praise Famous Men. The Man Who Lives Here Is Loony, a one-act play by Knoxville-based songwriter and playwright RB Morris, takes place in a New York apartment during one night in Agee's life. The play has been performed at venues around Knoxville, and at the Cornelia Street Cafe in Greenwich Village.[25] Bibliography[edit] 1934 Permit Me Voyage, in the Yale Series of Younger Poets 1935 Knoxville: Summer of 1915, prose poem later set to music by Samuel Barber. 1941 Let Us Now Praise Famous Men: Three Tenant Families, Houghton Mifflin 1948 The Tramp's New World, screenplay for Charlie Chaplin 1951 The Morning Watch, Houghton Mifflin 1951 The African Queen, screenplay from C. S. Forester novel 1952 Face to Face (The Bride Comes to Yellow Sky segment), screenplay from Stephen Crane story 1954 The Night of the Hunter, screenplay from Davis Grubb novel 1957 A Death in the Family (posthumous; stage adaptation: All the Way Home) 1958 Agee on Film 1960 Agee on Film II 1962 Letters of James Agee to Father Flye 1972 The Collected Short Prose of James Agee 2001 Let Us Now Praise Famous Men (new edition) 2013 Cotton Tenants: Three Families, Melville House Published as[edit] Let Us Now Praise Famous Men, A Death in the Family, Shorter Fiction (Michael Sragow, ed.) (Library of America, 2005) ISBN 978-1-931082-81-5. Stories include "Death in the Desert," "They That Sow in Sorrow Shall Reap" and "A Mother's Tale." Let Us Now Praise Famous Men, Violette Editions, 2001, ISBN 978-1-900828-15-4. Film Writing and Selected Journalism: Uncollected Film Writing, 'The Night of the Hunter', Journalism and Book Reviews (Michael Sragow, ed.) (Library of America, 2005) ISBN 978-1-931082-82-2. Brooklyn Is: Southeast of the Island: Travel Notes, (Jonathan Lethem, preface) (Fordham University Press, 2005) ISBN 978-0-8232-2492-0. References[edit] ^ "James Agee (1909–1955): Let us now praise famous writers". Chicago Tribune. February 27, 1977. Retrieved 2010-12-04. James Agee was born in Knoxville in 1909, to a father whose people were farmers (in Tennessee and Virginia) and a mother whose family members considered themselves "more cosmopolitan." Agee's father died young, in an accident frequently memorialized (most eloquently in the autobiographical novel A Death in the Family), but the conflict he helped engender would persist... ^ Journal of the Eighty-Fourth Annual Convention of the Church, Diocese of Tennessee, Nashville, Tenn., 1916 ^ "Father James Harold Flye Papers - Vanderbilt University" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-05-02. Retrieved 2015-11-28. ^ Rev. James H. Flye, 100, is dead; Friend of James Agee, the writer, The New York Times, April 14, 1985. Retrieved November 27, 2015. ^ a b "Agee FIlms: Agee Chronology". Ageefilms.org. ^ Giles Oakley (1997). The Devil's Music. Da Capo Press. p. 188. ISBN 978-0-306-80743-5. ^ Sullivan, John Jeremiah. "Southern Exposures". BookForum. BookForum. Retrieved 18 June 2013. ^ Haughney, Christine. "A Paean to Forbearance (the Rough Draft)". New York Times. New York Times. Retrieved 18 June 2013. ^ Chambers, Whittaker (1952). Witness. Random House. pp. 478, 493, 504, 615. ISBN 0-89526-571-0. ^ William Stott. Agee, James Rufus, American National Biography Online, February 2000. Retrieved November 27, 2015. ^ James Agee's reviews on the Nation's website. Retrieved November 27, 2015. ^ "Laurence Olivier Henry V". Murphsplace.com. ^ "The best film books, by 51 critics | Polls & surveys | Sight & Sound". British Film Institute. Retrieved 2019-07-25. ^ Helen Levitt, Who Froze New York Street Life on Film, Is Dead at 95, The New York Times, March 30, 2009. Retrieved November 27, 2015. — Walker Evans of New York's Photo League wrote, "Levitt's work was one of James Agee's great loves, and, in turn, Agee's own magnificent eye was part of her early training." ^ Wranovics, John. Chaplin and Agee. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2005, pp. 29, 66, 159. ISBN 1-4039-6866-7 ^ Wranovics (2005), p. 78 ^ Malcolm, Derek (April 8, 1999). "Charles Laughton: Night of the Hunter". Theguardian.com. ^ Jeffrey Couchman: The Night of the Hunter: A Biography of a Film. Northwestern University Press, Evanston 2009, p. 87. ^ James Agee (1909–1955) Chronology of his Life and Work ^ Resting Places: The Burial Sites of More than 14000 Famous Persons, Scott Wilson ^ James Agee and Michael A. Lofaro, ed. A Death in the Family: A Restoration of the Author's Text. Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press, 2007. ISBN 1-57233-594-7 ^ Gritten, David (17 Jan 2014). "Night of the Hunter: a masterpiece of American cinema". telegraph.co.uk. ^ Morris, Nigel (2003). Poplawski, Paul (ed.). Encyclopedia of Literary Modernism. Greenwood Publ. p. 4. ISBN 9780313310171. Retrieved 26 August 2013. ^ Simon, David. "Let Us Now Praise Famous Men, by James Agee and Walker Evans". davidsimon.com. ^ Matthew Everett, "R.B. Morris Revives His One-Act Play About James Agee," Knoxville Mercury, 26 October 2016. Further reading[edit] Letters of James Agee to Father Flye, ISBN 0-87797-301-6 James Agee, Let Us Now Praise Famous Men, etc., The Library of America, 159, with notes by Michael Sragow, 2005. Alma Neuman, Always Straight Ahead: A Memoir, Louisiana State University Press, 176 pages, 1993. ISBN 0-8071-1792-7. Kenneth Seib, "James Agee: Promise and Fulfillment", in Critical Essays in Modern Literature, University of Pittsburgh Press, 175 pages, 1968. Geneviève Moreau, The Restless Journey of James Agee, New York: William Morrow and Company, 1977. Encyclopedia of the Documentary Film, ed. Ian Aitken, London: Routledge, 2005 Paul F. Brown, Rufus: James Agee in Tennessee, Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press, 422 pages, 2018. ISBN 1621904245. External links[edit] Works by James Agee at Open Library Works by or about James Agee in libraries (WorldCat catalog) James Agee at the Internet Book List A chronology of James Agee's life & work, Agee Films James Agee Collection, Harry Ransom Humanities Research Center, University of Texas at Austin Essay on Agee's Collected Work, The New Yorker Let Us Now Praise Famous Men on Violette Editions Agee Films: Agee James Agee: A Bibliography, First Editions v t e Pulitzer Prize for Fiction 1918–1925 His Family by Ernest Poole (1918) The Magnificent Ambersons by Booth Tarkington (1919) The Age of Innocence by Edith Wharton (1921) Alice Adams by Booth Tarkington (1922) One of Ours by Willa Cather (1923) The Able McLaughlins by Margaret Wilson (1924) So Big by Edna Ferber (1925) 1926–1950 Arrowsmith by Sinclair Lewis (declined) (1926) Early Autumn by Louis Bromfield (1927) The Bridge of San Luis Rey by Thornton Wilder (1928) Scarlet Sister Mary by Julia Peterkin (1929) Laughing Boy by Oliver La Farge (1930) Years of Grace by Margaret Ayer Barnes (1931) The Good Earth by Pearl S. Buck (1932) The Store by Thomas Sigismund Stribling (1933) Lamb in His Bosom by Caroline Pafford Miller (1934) Now in November by Josephine Winslow Johnson (1935) Honey in the Horn by Harold L. Davis (1936) Gone with the Wind by Margaret Mitchell (1937) The Late George Apley by John Phillips Marquand (1938) The Yearling by Marjorie Kinnan Rawlings (1939) The Grapes of Wrath by John Steinbeck (1940) In This Our Life by Ellen Glasgow (1942) Dragon's Teeth by Upton Sinclair (1943) Journey in the Dark by Martin Flavin (1944) A Bell for Adano by John Hersey (1945) All the King's Men by Robert Penn Warren (1947) Tales of the South Pacific by James A. Michener (1948) Guard of Honor by James Gould Cozzens (1949) The Way West by A. B. Guthrie Jr. (1950) 1951–1975 The Town by Conrad Richter (1951) The Caine Mutiny by Herman Wouk (1952) The Old Man and the Sea by Ernest Hemingway (1953) A Fable by William Faulkner (1955) Andersonville by MacKinlay Kantor (1956) A Death in the Family by James Agee (1958) The Travels of Jaimie McPheeters by Robert Lewis Taylor (1959) Advise and Consent by Allen Drury (1960) To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee (1961) The Edge of Sadness by Edwin O'Connor (1962) The Reivers by William Faulkner (1963) The Keepers of the House by Shirley Ann Grau (1965) The Collected Stories of Katherine Anne Porter by Katherine Anne Porter (1966) The Fixer by Bernard Malamud (1967) The Confessions of Nat Turner by William Styron (1968) House Made of Dawn by N. Scott Momaday (1969) The Collected Stories of Jean Stafford by Jean Stafford (1970) Angle of Repose by Wallace Stegner (1972) The Optimist's Daughter by Eudora Welty (1973) No award given (1974) The Killer Angels by Michael Shaara (1975) 1976–2000 Humboldt's Gift by Saul Bellow (1976) No award given (1977) Elbow Room by James Alan McPherson (1978) The Stories of John Cheever by John Cheever (1979) The Executioner's Song by Norman Mailer (1980) A Confederacy of Dunces by John Kennedy Toole (1981) Rabbit Is Rich by John Updike (1982) The Color Purple by Alice Walker (1983) Ironweed by William Kennedy (1984) Foreign Affairs by Alison Lurie (1985) Lonesome Dove by Larry McMurtry (1986) A Summons to Memphis by Peter Taylor (1987) Beloved by Toni Morrison (1988) Breathing Lessons by Anne Tyler (1989) The Mambo Kings Play Songs of Love by Oscar Hijuelos (1990) Rabbit at Rest by John Updike (1991) A Thousand Acres by Jane Smiley (1992) A Good Scent from a Strange Mountain by Robert Olen Butler (1993) The Shipping News by E. Annie Proulx (1994) The Stone Diaries by Carol Shields (1995) Independence Day by Richard Ford (1996) Martin Dressler: The Tale of an American Dreamer by Steven Millhauser (1997) American Pastoral by Philip Roth (1998) The Hours by Michael Cunningham (1999) Interpreter of Maladies by Jhumpa Lahiri (2000) 2001–present The Amazing Adventures of Kavalier & Clay by Michael Chabon (2001) Empire Falls by Richard Russo (2002) Middlesex by Jeffrey Eugenides (2003) The Known World by Edward P. Jones (2004) Gilead by Marilynne Robinson (2005) March by Geraldine Brooks (2006) The Road by Cormac McCarthy (2007) The Brief Wondrous Life of Oscar Wao by Junot Díaz (2008) Olive Kitteridge by Elizabeth Strout (2009) Tinkers by Paul Harding (2010) A Visit from the Goon Squad by Jennifer Egan (2011) No award given (2012) The Orphan Master's Son by Adam Johnson (2013) The Goldfinch by Donna Tartt (2014) All the Light We Cannot See by Anthony Doerr (2015) The Sympathizer by Viet Thanh Nguyen (2016) The Underground Railroad by Colson Whitehead (2017) Less by Andrew Sean Greer (2018) The Overstory by Richard Powers (2019) The Nickel Boys by Colson Whitehead (2020) Authority control BIBSYS: 90088829 BNE: XX1160019 BNF: cb11888169h (data) CANTIC: a1134121x CiNii: DA00818680 GND: 118643991 ISNI: 0000 0001 2130 8918 LCCN: n79039544 LNB: 000161990 MBA: 86f82377-6e75-433a-bf14-2635e2651f0a NDL: 00431045 NKC: jn20000600051 NLA: 35001708 NLG: 122394 NLI: 000007396 NLK: KAC201516516 NSK: 000204002 NTA: 068411146 PLWABN: 9810661374005606 SELIBR: 208829 SNAC: w6rx9977 SUDOC: 026678632 Trove: 785087 ULAN: 500341291 VIAF: 46756190 WorldCat Identities: lccn-n79039544 Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=James_Agee&oldid=1000775054" Categories: 1909 births 1955 deaths American film critics 20th-century American novelists 20th-century American male writers Poets from Tennessee American male screenwriters Glascock Prize winners Harvard University alumni Harvard Advocate alumni People from Knoxville, Tennessee Phillips Exeter Academy alumni Pulitzer Prize for Fiction winners Yale Younger Poets winners 20th-century American poets American male novelists American male poets The Nation (U.S. magazine) people Time (magazine) people Screenwriters from Tennessee Novelists from Tennessee 20th-century American non-fiction writers American male non-fiction writers 20th-century American screenwriters Hidden categories: All articles with unsourced statements Articles with unsourced statements from July 2013 Articles with Open Library links Wikipedia articles with BIBSYS identifiers Wikipedia articles with BNE identifiers Wikipedia articles with BNF identifiers Wikipedia articles with CANTIC identifiers Wikipedia articles with CINII identifiers Wikipedia articles with GND identifiers Wikipedia articles with ISNI identifiers Wikipedia articles with LCCN identifiers Wikipedia articles with LNB identifiers Wikipedia articles with MusicBrainz identifiers Wikipedia articles with NDL identifiers Wikipedia articles with NKC identifiers Wikipedia articles with NLA identifiers Wikipedia articles with NLG identifiers Wikipedia articles with NLI identifiers Wikipedia articles with NLK identifiers Wikipedia articles with NSK identifiers Wikipedia articles with NTA identifiers Wikipedia articles with PLWABN identifiers Wikipedia articles with SELIBR identifiers Wikipedia articles with SNAC-ID identifiers Wikipedia articles with SUDOC identifiers Wikipedia articles with Trove identifiers Wikipedia articles with ULAN identifiers Wikipedia articles with VIAF identifiers Wikipedia articles with WORLDCATID identifiers AC with 25 elements Navigation menu Personal tools Not logged in Talk Contributions Create account Log in Namespaces Article Talk Variants Views Read Edit View history More Search Navigation Main page Contents Current events Random article About Wikipedia Contact us Donate Contribute Help Learn to edit Community portal Recent changes Upload file Tools What links here Related changes Upload file Special pages Permanent link Page information Cite this page Wikidata item Print/export Download as PDF Printable version Languages العربية تۆرکجه Български Català Dansk Deutsch Español Euskara فارسی Français Frysk Galego 한국어 Հայերեն Bahasa Indonesia Italiano Kiswahili Kreyòl ayisyen Latina مصرى Nederlands 日本語 Polski Português Русский Slovenčina Slovenščina Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски Suomi Svenska Türkçe Edit links This page was last edited on 16 January 2021, at 17:25 (UTC). 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