Edward Albee - Wikipedia Edward Albee From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to navigation Jump to search American playwright Edward Albee Born Edward Franklin Albee III (1928-03-12)March 12, 1928 Virginia, U.S. Died September 16, 2016(2016-09-16) (aged 88) Montauk, New York, U.S. Occupation Dramatist Nationality American Period 1958–2016 Notable works Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf? The Zoo Story A Delicate Balance The Goat, or Who Is Sylvia? Three Tall Women Notable awards Pulitzer Prize for Drama Tony Award for Best Play National Medal of Arts Special Tony Award America Award in Literature Partner Jonathan Thomas (esp. 1971; his death 2005) Edward Franklin Albee III (/ˈɔːlbiː/ AWL-bee; March 12, 1928 – September 16, 2016) was an American playwright known for works such as The Zoo Story (1958), The Sandbox (1959), Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf? (1962), A Delicate Balance (1966), and Three Tall Women (1994). Some critics have argued that some of his work constitutes an American variant of what Martin Esslin identified and named the Theater of the Absurd.[1] Three of his plays won the Pulitzer Prize for Drama, and two of his other works won the Tony Award for Best Play. His works are often considered frank examinations of the modern condition. His early works reflect a mastery and Americanization of the Theatre of the Absurd that found its peak in works by European playwrights such as Samuel Beckett, Eugène Ionesco, and Jean Genet. His middle period comprised plays that explored the psychology of maturing, marriage, and sexual relationships. Younger American playwrights, such as Paula Vogel, credit Albee's mix of theatricality and biting dialogue with helping to reinvent postwar American theatre in the early 1960s. Later in life, Albee continued to experiment in works such as The Goat, or Who Is Sylvia? (2002). Contents 1 Early life 2 Career 3 Achievements and honors 4 Philanthropy 5 Personal life and death 6 Awards and nominations 7 Works 7.1 Plays 7.2 Opera libretti 7.3 Essays 8 See also 9 References 10 Further reading 11 External links 11.1 Archives 11.2 Other links Early life[edit] Edward Albee by Irish artist Reginald Gray (The New York Times, 1966), inspired by a photograph taken in 1962 from Bettmann/Corbis. Edward Albee was born in 1928. He was placed for adoption two weeks later and taken to Larchmont, New York, where he grew up. Albee's adoptive father, Reed A. Albee, the wealthy son of vaudeville magnate Edward Franklin Albee II, owned several theaters. His adoptive mother, Reed's second wife, Frances (Cotter), was a socialite.[2][3] He later based the main character of his 1991 play Three Tall Women on his mother, with whom he had a conflicted relationship.[4] Albee attended the Rye Country Day School, then the Lawrenceville School in New Jersey, from which he was expelled.[2] He then was sent to Valley Forge Military Academy in Wayne, Pennsylvania, where he was dismissed in less than a year.[5] He enrolled at The Choate School (now Choate Rosemary Hall) in Wallingford, Connecticut,[6] graduating in 1946. He had attracted theatre attention by having scripted and published nine poems, eleven short stories, essays, a long act play, Schism, and a 500-page novel, The Flesh of Unbelievers (Horn, 1) in 1946. His formal education continued at Trinity College in Hartford, Connecticut, where he was expelled in 1947 for skipping classes and refusing to attend compulsory chapel.[6] Albee left home for good in his late teens. In a later interview, he said: "I never felt comfortable with the adoptive parents. I don't think they knew how to be parents. I probably didn't know how to be a son, either."[7] In a 1994 interview, he said he left home at 18 because "[he] had to get out of that stultifying, suffocating environment."[4] In 2008, he told interviewer Charlie Rose that he was "thrown out" because his parents wanted him to become a "corporate thug" and did not approve of his aspirations to become a writer.[8] Career[edit] This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (September 2016) Edward Albee, photographed by Carl Van Vechten, 1961 Albee moved into New York's Greenwich Village,[5] where he supported himself with odd jobs while learning to write plays.[9] Primarily in his early plays, Albee's work had various representations of the LGBTQIA community often challenging the image of a heterosexual marriage.[10] Despite challenging society's views about the gay community, he did not view himself as an LGBT advocate.[10] Albee's work typically criticized the American dream.[10] His first play, The Zoo Story, written in three weeks,[11] was first staged in Berlin in 1959 before premiering Off-Broadway in 1960.[12] His next, The Death of Bessie Smith, similarly premiered in Berlin before arriving in New York.[13] Albee's most iconic play, Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf?, opened on Broadway at the Billy Rose Theatre on October 13, 1962, and closed on May 16, 1964, after five previews and 664 performances.[14] The controversial play won the Tony Award for Best Play in 1963 and was selected for the 1963 Pulitzer Prize by the award's drama jury, but was overruled by the advisory committee, which elected not to give a drama award at all.[15] The two members of the jury, John Mason Brown and John Gassner, subsequently resigned in protest.[16] An Academy Award-winning film adaptation was released in 1966 starring Elizabeth Taylor, Richard Burton, George Segal, and Sandy Dennis. In 2013, the film was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant".[17] Georgia State University English professor Matthew Roudane divides Albee's plays into three periods: the Early Plays (1959–1966), characterized by gladiatorial confrontations, bloodied action and fight to the metaphorical death; the Middle Plays (1971–1987), when Albee lost favor of Broadway audience and started premiering in the U.S. regional theaters and in Europe; and the Later plays (1991–2016), received as a remarkable comeback and watched by appreciative audiences and critics the world over.[18] According to The New York Times, Albee was "widely considered to be the foremost American playwright of his generation."[19] The less-than-diligent student later dedicated much of his time to promoting American university theatre. He served as a distinguished professor at the University of Houston, where he taught playwriting. His plays are published by Dramatists Play Service[20] and Samuel French, Inc. Achievements and honors[edit] Albee in 1997 A member of the Dramatists Guild Council, Albee received three Pulitzer Prizes for drama—for A Delicate Balance (1967), Seascape (1975), and Three Tall Women (1994). Albee was elected a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1972.[21] In 1985, Albee was inducted into the American Theatre Hall of Fame.[22] In 1999, Albee received the PEN/Laura Pels Theater Award as a Master American Dramatist.[23] He received a Special Tony Award for Lifetime Achievement (2005);[24] the gold medal in Drama from the American Academy and Institute of Arts and Letters (1980); as well as the Kennedy Center Honors and the National Medal of Arts (both in 1996).[25] In 2009, Albee received honorary degree from the Bulgarian National Academy of Theater and Film Arts (NATFA), a member of the Global Alliance of Theater Schools.[citation needed] In 2008, in celebration of Albee's 80th birthday, a number of his plays were mounted in distinguished Off-Broadway venues, including the historic Cherry Lane Theatre where the playwright directed two of his early one-acts, The American Dream and The Sandbox.[26] Philanthropy[edit] Albee established the Edward F. Albee Foundation, Inc. in 1967, from royalties from his play Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf?. The foundation funds the William Flanagan Memorial Creative Persons Center (named after the composer William Flanagan, but better known as "The Barn") in Montauk, New York, as a residence for writers and visual artists.[27] The foundation's mission is "to serve writers and visual artists from all walks of life, by providing time and space in which to work without disturbance."[28] Personal life and death[edit] Albee was gay and stated that he first knew he was gay at age 12 and a half.[29] Albee was briefly engaged to Larchmont debutante Delphine Weissinger, and although their relationship ended when she moved to England, he remained a close friend of the Weissinger family. Growing up, he often spent more of his time in the Weissinger household than he did in his own, due to discord with his adoptive parents.[citation needed] Albee insisted that he did not want to be known as a "gay writer," saying in his acceptance speech for the 2011 Lambda Literary Foundation's Pioneer Award for Lifetime Achievement: "A writer who happens to be gay or lesbian must be able to transcend self. I am not a gay writer. I am a writer who happens to be gay."[30] His longtime partner, Jonathan Richard Thomas, a sculptor, died on May 2, 2005 from bladder cancer. They had been partners from 1971 until Thomas's death. Albee also had a relationship of several years with playwright Terrence McNally during the 1950s.[31] Albee died at his home in Montauk, New York on September 16, 2016, aged 88.[31][24][32] He is buried in the National Vaudeville Association plot in Kensico Cemetery in Valhalla, New York.[33] He had lived in Tribeca.[34] Awards and nominations[edit] This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Find sources: "Edward Albee" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (September 2016) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) Awards 1960: Drama Desk Award Vernon Rice Award: The Zoo Story 1963: Tony Award for Best Play: Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf? 1967: Pulitzer Prize for Drama: A Delicate Balance[35] 1975: Pulitzer Prize for Drama: Seascape[35] 1994: Pulitzer Prize for Drama: Three Tall Women[35] 1995: St. Louis Literary Award from the Saint Louis University Library Associates[36] 1996: National Medal of Arts 2002: Drama Desk Award Outstanding New Play: The Goat, or Who Is Sylvia? 2002: Tony Award for Best Play: The Goat, or Who Is Sylvia? 2003 Fitzgerald Award Award for Achievement in American Literature award which is given annually in Rockville Maryland, the city where Fitzgerald, his wife, and his daughter are buried. 2005: Special Tony Award for Lifetime Achievement 2005: Academy of Achievement's Golden Plate Award[37][38] 2008: Drama Desk Award Special Award 2011: Edward MacDowell Medal for Lifetime Achievement 2011: Pioneer Award for Lifetime Achievement, Lambda Literary Foundation 2013: Chicago Tribune Literary Prize[39] 2015: America Award in Literature Nominations 1964: Tony Award for Best Play: The Ballad of the Sad Cafe 1965: Tony Award for Best Author of a Play: Tiny Alice 1965: Tony Award for Best Play: Tiny Alice 1967: Tony Award for Best Play: A Delicate Balance 1975: Drama Desk Award Outstanding New Play: Seascape 1975: Tony Award for Best Play: Seascape 1976: Drama Desk Award Outstanding Director of a Play: Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf? 1994: Drama Desk Award Outstanding Play: Three Tall Women 2001: Pulitzer Prize for Drama: The Play About the Baby 2003: Pulitzer Prize for Drama: The Goat, or Who Is Sylvia? 2005: Tony Award for Best Revival of a Play: Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf? Works[edit] Plays[edit] Works written or adapted by Albee:[40] The Zoo Story (1959) The Death of Bessie Smith (1960) The Sandbox (1960) Fam and Yam (1960) The American Dream (1961) Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf? (1962) The Ballad of the Sad Café (1963) (adapted from the novella by Carson McCullers) Tiny Alice (1964) Malcolm (1966) (adapted from the novel by James Purdy) A Delicate Balance (1966) Breakfast at Tiffany's (adapted from the novel by Truman Capote) (1966) Everything in the Garden (adapted from the play by Giles Cooper) (1967) Box and Quotations from Chairman Mao Tse-Tung (1968) All Over (1971) Seascape (1975) Listening (1976) Counting the Ways (1976) The Lady from Dubuque (1980) Lolita (adapted from the novel by Vladimir Nabokov) (1981) The Man Who Had Three Arms (1982) Finding the Sun (1983) Walking (1984) Envy (1985) Marriage Play (1987) Three Tall Women (1991) The Lorca Play (1992) Fragments (1993) The Play About the Baby (1998) The Goat, or Who Is Sylvia? (2000) Occupant (2001) Knock! Knock! Who's There!? (2003) Peter & Jerry, retitled in 2009 to At Home at the Zoo (Act One: Homelife. Act Two: The Zoo Story) (2004) Me Myself and I (2007) Opera libretti[edit] Bartleby (adapted from the short story by Herman Melville) (1961) The Ice Age (1963, uncompleted) Essays[edit] Stretching My Mind: Essays 1960–2005 (Avalon Publishing, 2005). ISBN 9780786716210. See also[edit]  Literature portal References[edit] ^ Norwich, John Julius (1990). Oxford Illustrated Encyclopedia Of The Arts. USA: Oxford University Press. pp. 10. ISBN 978-0198691372. ^ a b Weber, Bruce (September 17, 2016). "Edward Albee, Trenchant Playwright for a Desperate Era, Dies at 88". The New York Times. ^ Thorpe, Vanessa (September 17, 2016). "Edward Albee, Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf? playwright, dies aged 88". The Guardian. Retrieved September 17, 2016. ^ a b Markowitz, Dan (August 28, 1994). "Albee Mines His Larchmont Childhood". The New York Times. Retrieved March 8, 2017. ^ a b Simonson, Robert (September 16, 2016). "Edward Albee, Towering American Playwright, Dies at 88". Playbill. Retrieved September 17, 2016. ^ a b Boehm, Mike (September 16, 2016). "Edward Albee, three-time Pulitzer-winning playwright and 'Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf?' author, dies at 88". The Los Angeles Times. Retrieved September 17, 2016. ^ "Edward Albee Interview". Academy of Achievement. June 2, 2005. Retrieved May 21, 2012. ^ Edward Albee on Charlie Rose, May 27, 2008. ^ Kennedy, Mark (September 16, 2016). "Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf? playwright Edward Albee dead at 88". Associated Press. Retrieved September 17, 2016. ^ a b c Griffin, Gabriele (2002). Who's Who IN LESBIAN & GAY WRITING. 11 New Fetter Lane, London: Routledge. pp. 2–3. ISBN 0-415-15984-9.CS1 maint: location (link) ^ Reuben, Paul P. "Chapter 8: Edward Albee." Archived July 16, 2012, at Archive.today, Perspectives in American Literature- A Research and Reference Guide, Retrieved June 28, 2007 ^ "Plays Produced in the Provincetown Playhouse in 1960s Chronological". Provincetown Playhouse. Retrieved September 2, 2012. ^ Albee, Edward."The Death of Bessie Smith"The American Dream; The Death of Bessie Smith; Fam and Yam: Three Plays. Dramatists Play Service, Inc., 1962, ISBN 0-8222-0030-9, pp.46-48 ^ "Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf?", Playbill Vault. Retrieved December 15, 2015. ^ "US playwright Edward Albee dies aged 88". BBC News. September 17, 2016. Retrieved September 19, 2016. ^ Kihss, Peter (May 2, 1967). "Albee Wins Pulitzer Prize; Malamud Novel is Chosen". The New York Times. Retrieved September 19, 2016. ^ "Library of Congress announces 2013 National Film Registry selections". Washington Post (Press release). December 18, 2013. Retrieved December 18, 2013. ^ Roudané, Matthew (August 2017). "Overview: The Theater of Edward Albee". Edward Albee: A Critical Introduction. Retrieved March 20, 2020. ^ "Edward Albee, Trenchant Playwright Who Laid Bare Modern Life, Dies at 88". The New York Times. September 17, 2016. Retrieved December 16, 2016. ^ "Dramatists Play Service". Dramatists.com. Retrieved May 21, 2012. ^ "Book of Members, 1780–2010: Chapter A" (PDF). American Academy of Arts and Sciences. Retrieved April 6, 2011. ^ "Broadway's Best". The New York Times. March 5, 1985. ^ "Winners of the PEN/Laura Pels International Foundation for Theater Awards | PEN America". PEN. Retrieved September 20, 2016. ^ a b Howard, Adam (September 16, 2016). "Pulitzer Prize-Winning Playwright Edward Albee Dead at 88". NBC News. Retrieved September 17, 2016. ^ "Who We Are". The Edward F. Albee Foundation. Retrieved September 20, 2016. ^ Brantley, Ben (April 2, 2008). "A Double Bill of Plays, Both Heavy on the Bile". The New York Times. Retrieved September 17, 2016. ^ Grundberg, Andy (July 3, 1988). "The Artists of Summer". The New York Times. ^ "Mission & History". The Edward F. Albee Foundation. Retrieved September 19, 2016. ^ Shulman, Randy (March 10, 2011). "Who's Afraid of Edward Albee?". Metro Weekly. Archived from the original on April 12, 2014.CS1 maint: unfit URL (link) ^ "Playwright Edward Albee defends 'gay writer' remarks". National Public Radio. June 6, 2011. ^ a b Pressley, Nelson (September 16, 2016). "Edward Albee, Pulitzer-Winning Playwright of Modern Masterpieces, Dies at 88". The Washington Post. Retrieved September 17, 2016. ^ Jones, Chris (September 16, 2016). "Pulitzer Prize-winning playwright Edward Albee dies at age 88". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved September 17, 2016. ^ Resting Places: The Burial Sites of More Than 14000 Famous Persons by Scott Wilson ^ Staff. "Albee's Loft; Edward Albee's 6,000-square-foot loft in a former cheese warehouse in New York's Tribeca neighborhood houses his expansive collection of fine art, utilitarian works and sculptures. (See related article.)", Wall Street Journal, March 11, 2010. Accessed February 25, 2019. ^ a b c Hohenberg, John. "A snub of Edward Albee". The Pulitzer Prize. Retrieved February 24, 2020. ^ "Recipients of the Saint Louis Literary Award". Saint Louis University. Archived from the original on July 31, 2016. Retrieved July 25, 2016. ^ "Golden Plate Awardees of the American Academy of Achievement". www.achievement.org. American Academy of Achievement. ^ "Edward Albee Biography Photo". 2005. Toni Morrison, recipient of the Nobel Prize, and Edward Albee at a reception prior to the Banquet of the Golden Plate ceremonies during the 2005 International Achievement Summit in New York City. ^ Crowder, Courtney. "Edward Albee wins Tribune's top award for writing". chicagotribune.com. Retrieved February 24, 2020. ^ "Works". Edward Albee Society. Retrieved September 20, 2016. Further reading[edit] Solomon, Rakesh H. Albee in Performance. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2010. External links[edit] Wikiquote has quotations related to: Edward Albee Archives[edit] Edward Albee scripts, 1949–1966, New York Public Library for the Performing Arts Edward Albee Plays at the Newberry Library Robert A. Wilson collection, Special Collections, University of Delaware Library Wikimedia Commons has media related to Edward Albee. Other links[edit] Edward F. Albee Foundation The Edward Albee Society Edward Albee on IMDb  Edward Albee at AllMovie Edward Albee at the Internet Broadway Database Edward Albee at the Internet Off-Broadway Database v t e Plays by Edward Albee The Zoo Story The Death of Bessie Smith The Sandbox The American Dream Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf? Tiny Alice A Delicate Balance Everything in the Garden Box All Over Seascape The Lady from Dubuque Lolita The Man Who Had Three Arms Finding the Sun Marriage Play Three Tall Women The Play About the Baby The Goat, or Who Is Sylvia? Occupant Edward Albee's At Home at the Zoo Me, Myself and I Awards for Edward Albee v t e Grammy Award for Best Spoken Word Album 1959−1980 Stan Freberg – The Best of the Stan Freberg Shows (1959) Carl Sandburg – Lincoln Portrait (1960) Robert Bialek (producer) – FDR Speaks (1961) Leonard Bernstein – Humor in Music (1962) Charles Laughton – The Story-Teller: A Session With Charles Laughton (1963) Edward Albee (playwright) – Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf? (1964) That Was the Week That Was – BBC Tribute to John F. Kennedy (1965) Goddard Lieberson (producer) – John F. Kennedy - As We Remember Him (1966) Edward R. Murrow – Edward R. Murrow - A Reporter Remembers, Vol. I The War Years (1967) Everett Dirksen – Gallant Men (1968) Rod McKuen – Lonesome Cities (1969) Art Linkletter & Diane Linkletter – We Love You Call Collect (1970) Martin Luther King Jr. – Why I Oppose the War in Vietnam (1971) Les Crane – Desiderata (1972) Bruce Botnick (producer) – Lenny performed by the original Broadway cast (1973) Richard Harris – Jonathan Livingston Seagull (1974) Peter Cook and Dudley Moore – Good Evening (1975) James Whitmore – Give 'em Hell, Harry! (1976) Henry Fonda, Helen Hayes, James Earl Jones and Orson Welles – Great American Documents (1977) Julie Harris – The Belle of Amherst (1978) Orson Welles – Citizen Kane Original Motion Picture Soundtrack (1979) John Gielgud – Ages of Man - Readings From Shakespeare (1980) 1981−2000 Pat Carroll – Gertrude Stein, Gertrude Stein, Gertrude Stein (1981) Orson Welles – Donovan's Brain (1982) Tom Voegeli (producer) – Raiders of the Lost Ark - The Movie on Record performed by Various Artists (1983) William Warfield – Lincoln Portrait (1984) Ben Kingsley – The Words of Gandhi (1985) Mike Berniker (producer) & the original Broadway cast – Ma Rainey's Black Bottom (1986) Johnny Cash, Jerry Lee Lewis, Chips Moman, Ricky Nelson, Roy Orbison, Carl Perkins and Sam Phillips – Interviews From the Class of '55 Recording Sessions (1987) Garrison Keillor – Lake Wobegon Days (1988) Jesse Jackson – Speech by Rev. Jesse Jackson (1989) Gilda Radner – It's Always Something (1990) George Burns – Gracie: A Love Story (1991) Ken Burns – The Civil War (1992) Earvin "Magic" Johnson and Robert O'Keefe – What You Can Do to Avoid AIDS (1993) Maya Angelou – On the Pulse of Morning (1994) Henry Rollins – Get in the Van (1995) Maya Angelou – Phenomenal Woman (1996) Hillary Clinton – It Takes a Village (1997) Charles Kuralt – Charles Kuralt's Spring (1998) Christopher Reeve – Still Me (1999) LeVar Burton – The Autobiography of Martin Luther King Jr. (2000) 2001−present Sidney Poitier, Rick Harris & John Runnette (producers) – The Measure of a Man: A Spiritual Autobiography (2001) Quincy Jones, Jeffrey S. Thomas, Steven Strassman (engineers) and Elisa Shokoff (producer) – Q: The Autobiography of Quincy Jones (2002) Maya Angelou and Charles B. Potter (producer) – A Song Flung Up to Heaven (2003) Al Franken and Paul Ruben (producer) – Lies and the Lying Liars Who Tell Them (2004) Bill Clinton – My Life (2005) Barack Obama – Dreams from My Father (2006) Jimmy Carter – Our Endangered Values: America's Moral Crisis / Ossie Davis and Ruby Dee - With Ossie and Ruby (2007) Barack Obama and Jacob Bronstein (producer) – The Audacity of Hope (2008) Beau Bridges, Cynthia Nixon and Blair Underwood – An Inconvenient Truth by Al Gore (2009) Michael J. Fox – Always Looking Up (2010) Jon Stewart – The Daily Show with Jon Stewart Presents Earth (The Audiobook) (2011) Betty White – If You Ask Me (And Of Course You Won't) (2012) Janis Ian – Society's Child (2013) Stephen Colbert – America Again: Re-becoming The Greatness We Never Weren't (2014) Joan Rivers – Diary of a Mad Diva (2015) Jimmy Carter – A Full Life: Reflections at 90 (2016) Carol Burnett – In Such Good Company: Eleven Years of Laughter, Mayhem, and Fun in the Sandbox (2017) Carrie Fisher – The Princess Diarist (2018) Jimmy Carter – Faith: A Journey for All (2019) Michelle Obama – Becoming (2020) v t e Kennedy Center Honorees (1990s) 1990 Dizzy Gillespie Katharine Hepburn Risë Stevens Jule Styne Billy Wilder 1991 Roy Acuff Betty Comden and Adolph Green Fayard and Harold Nicholas Gregory Peck Robert Shaw 1992 Lionel Hampton Paul Newman and Joanne Woodward Ginger Rogers Mstislav Rostropovich Paul Taylor 1993 Johnny Carson Arthur Mitchell Sir Georg Solti Stephen Sondheim Marion Williams 1994 Kirk Douglas Aretha Franklin Morton Gould Harold Prince Pete Seeger 1995 Jacques d'Amboise Marilyn Horne B.B. King Sidney Poitier Neil Simon 1996 Edward Albee Benny Carter Johnny Cash Jack Lemmon Maria Tallchief 1997 Lauren Bacall Bob Dylan Charlton Heston Jessye Norman Edward Villella 1998 Bill Cosby Fred Ebb and John Kander Willie Nelson André Previn Shirley Temple Black 1999 Victor Borge Sean Connery Judith Jamison Jason Robards Stevie Wonder Complete list 1970s 1980s 1990s 2000s 2010s 2020s v t e National Medal of Arts recipients (1990s) 1990 George Abbott Hume Cronyn Jessica Tandy Merce Cunningham Jasper Johns Jacob Lawrence Riley "B.B." King David Lloyd Kreeger Harris & Carroll Sterling Masterson Ian McHarg Beverly Sills Southeastern Bell Corporation 1991 Maurice Abravanel Roy Acuff Pietro Belluschi John Carter Brown III Charles "Honi" Coles John Crosby Richard Diebenkorn R. Philip Hanes Kitty Carlisle Hart Pearl Primus Isaac Stern Texaco 1992 Marilyn Horne James Earl Jones Allan Houser Minnie Pearl Robert Saudek Earl Scruggs Robert Shaw Billy Taylor Robert Venturi and Denise Scott Brown Robert Wise AT&T Lila Wallace 1993 Walter and Leonore Annenberg Cabell "Cab" Calloway Ray Charles Bess Lomax Hawes Stanley Kunitz Robert Merrill Arthur Miller Robert Rauschenberg Lloyd Richards William Styron Paul Taylor Billy Wilder 1994 Harry Belafonte Dave Brubeck Celia Cruz Dorothy DeLay Julie Harris Erick Hawkins Gene Kelly Pete Seeger Catherine Filene Shouse Wayne Thiebaud Richard Wilbur Young Audiences 1995 Licia Albanese Gwendolyn Brooks B. Gerald and Iris Cantor Ossie Davis and Ruby Dee David Diamond James Ingo Freed Bob Hope Roy Lichtenstein Arthur Mitchell Bill Monroe Urban Gateways 1996 Edward Albee Sarah Caldwell Harry Callahan Zelda Fichandler Eduardo "Lalo" Guerrero Lionel Hampton Bella Lewitzky Vera List Robert Redford Maurice Sendak Stephen Sondheim Boys Choir of Harlem 1997 Louise Bourgeois Betty Carter Agnes Gund Daniel Urban Kiley Angela Lansbury James Levine Tito Puente Jason Robards Edward Villella Doc Watson MacDowell Colony 1998 Jacques d'Amboise Antoine "Fats" Domino Ramblin' Jack Elliott Frank Gehry Barbara Handman Agnes Martin Gregory Peck Roberta Peters Philip Roth Sara Lee Corporation Steppenwolf Theatre Company Gwen Verdon 1999 Irene Diamond Aretha Franklin Michael Graves Odetta Juilliard School Norman Lear Rosetta LeNoire Harvey Lichtenstein Lydia Mendoza George Segal Maria Tallchief Complete list 1980s 1990s 2000s 2010s v t e Pulitzer Prize for Drama: Authors Jesse Lynch Williams (1918) Eugene O'Neill (1920) Zona Gale (1921) Eugene O'Neill (1922) Owen Davis (1923) Hatcher Hughes (1924) Sidney Howard (1925) George Kelly (1926) Paul Green (1927) Eugene O'Neill (1928) Elmer Rice (1929) Marc Connelly (1930) Susan Glaspell (1931) George S. Kaufman, Morrie Ryskind and Ira Gershwin (1932) Maxwell Anderson (1933) Sidney Kingsley (1934) Zoe Akins (1935) Robert E. Sherwood (1936) Moss Hart and George S. Kaufman (1937) Thornton Wilder (1938) Robert E. Sherwood (1939) William Saroyan (1940) Robert E. Sherwood (1941) Thornton Wilder (1943) Mary Chase (1945) Russel Crouse and Howard Lindsay (1946) Tennessee Williams (1948) Arthur Miller (1949) Richard Rodgers, Oscar Hammerstein II and Joshua Logan (1950) Joseph Kramm (1952) William Inge (1953) John Patrick (1954) Tennessee Williams (1955) Albert Hackett and Frances Goodrich (1956) Eugene O'Neill (1957) Ketti Frings (1958) Archibald MacLeish (1959) Jerome Weidman, George Abbott, Jerry Bock and Sheldon Harnick (1960) Tad Mosel (1961) Frank Loesser and Abe Burrows (1962) Frank D. Gilroy (1965) Edward Albee (1967) Howard Sackler (1969) Charles Gordone (1970) Paul Zindel (1971) Jason Miller (1973) Edward Albee (1975) Michael Bennett, Nicholas Dante, James Kirkwood Jr., Marvin Hamlisch and Edward Kleban (1976) Michael Cristofer (1977) Donald L. Coburn (1978) Sam Shepard (1979) Lanford Wilson (1980) Beth Henley (1981) Charles Fuller (1982) Marsha Norman (1983) David Mamet (1984) James Lapine and Stephen Sondheim (1985) August Wilson (1987) Alfred Uhry (1988) Wendy Wasserstein (1989) August Wilson (1990) Neil Simon (1991) Robert Schenkkan (1992) Tony Kushner (1993) Edward Albee (1994) Horton Foote (1995) Jonathan Larson (1996) Paula Vogel (1998) Margaret Edson (1999) Donald Margulies (2000) David Auburn (2001) Suzan-Lori Parks (2002) Nilo Cruz (2003) Doug Wright (2004) John Patrick Shanley (2005) David Lindsay-Abaire (2007) Tracy Letts (2008) Lynn Nottage (2009) Tom Kitt and Brian Yorkey (2010) Bruce Norris (2011) Quiara Alegría Hudes (2012) Ayad Akhtar (2013) Annie Baker (2014) Stephen Adly Guirgis (2015) Lin-Manuel Miranda (2016) Lynn Nottage (2017) Martyna Majok (2018) Jackie Sibblies Drury (2019) Michael R. Jackson (2020) v t e Special Tony Award 1947–1975 Dora Chamberlain / Ira and Rita Katzenberg / Jules Leventhal / Burns Mantle / P. A. MacDonald / Vincent Sardi (1947) Vera Allen / Paul Beisman / Joe E. Brown / Cast of The Importance of Being Earnest / Robert W. Dowling / Experimental Theatre Inc. / Rosalind Gilder / June Lockhart / Mary Martin / George Pierce / James Whitmore No Award (1949) Maurice Evans / Philip Faversham / Brock Pemberton (1950) Ruth Green (1951) Charles Boyer / Judy Garland / Edward Kook (1952) Danny Kaye / Beatrice Lillie (1953) No Award (1954) Proscenium Productions (1955) Fourth Street Chekov Theatre / City Center / The New York Public Library Theatre Collection / The Shakespearewrights / The Threepenny Opera (1956) American Shakespeare Festival / Jean-Louis Barrault / Robert Russell Bennett / William Hammerstein / Joseph Harbuck / Paul Shyre (1957) Mrs. Martin Beck / New York Shakespeare Festival (1958) Russel Crouse and Howard Lindsay / John Gielgud / Cast of La Plume de Ma Tante (1959) Burgess Meredith and James Thurber / John D. Rockefeller III (1960) David Merrick / The Theatre Guild (1961) Brooks Atkinson / Richard Rodgers / Franco Zeffirelli (1962) Alan Bennett, Peter Cook, Jonathan Miller and Dudley Moore / Irving Berlin / W. McNeil Lowry (1963) Eva Le Gallienne (1964) Gilbert Miller / Oliver Smith (1965) Helen Menken (1966) No Award (1967) APA-Phoenix Theatre / Pearl Bailey / Carol Channing / Maurice Chevalier / Marlene Dietrich / Audrey Hepburn / David Merrick (1968) Leonard Bernstein / Carol Burnett / Rex Harrison / The National Theatre Company of Great Britain / The Negro Ensemble Company (1969) Noël Coward / Lynn Fontanne and Alfred Lunt / New York Shakespeare Festival / Barbra Streisand (1970) Ingram Ash / Elliot Norton / Playbill / Roger L. Stevens (1971) Fiddler on the Roof / Ethel Merman / Richard Rodgers / The Theatre Guild-American Theatre Society (1972) The Actor's Fund of America / John Lindsay / Shubert Organization (1973) Actors' Equity Association / A Moon for the Misbegotten / Candide / Peter Cook and Dudley Moore / Harold Friedlander / Bette Midler / Liza Minnelli / The Theatre Development Fund / John F. Wharton (1974) Al Hirschfeld (1975) 1976–2000 George Abbott / Richard Burton / Circle in the Square / Thomas H. Fitzgerald / Mathilde Pincus (1976) Cheryl Crawford / Equity Liberty Theatre / Barry Manilow / National Theatre of the Deaf / Diana Ross / Lily Tomlin (1977) Irving Berlin / Stan Dragoti and Charles Moss (1978) Walter F. Diehl / Eugene O'Neill Memorial Theater Center / Henry Fonda / Richard Rodgers (1979) Richard Fitzgerald / Helen Hayes / Mary Tyler Moore / Hobe Morrison (1980) Lena Horne (1981) Radio City Music Hall / The Actors' Fund of America / Warner Communications (1982) No Award (1983) A Chorus Line / Peter Feller / La Tragedie de Carmen (1984) Yul Brynner / New York State Council on the Arts (1985) No Award (1986) George Abbott / Jackie Mason (1987) Brooklyn Academy of Music (1988) No Award (1989) No Award (1990–1992) Oklahoma! (1993) Hume Cronyn and Jessica Tandy (1994) Carol Channing / National Endowment for the Arts / Harvey Sabinson (1995) No Award (1996) Bernard B. Jacobs (1997) Edward E. Colton / Ben Edwards (1998) Uta Hagen / Arthur Miller / Isabelle Stevenson (1999) Dame Edna: The Royal Tour / T. Edward Hambleton (2000) 2001–present Paul Gemignani (2001) Julie Harris / Robert Whitehead (2002) Cy Feuer / Russell Simmons' Def Poetry Jam on Broadway (2003) James M. Nederlander (2004) Edward Albee (2005) Sarah Jones / Harold Prince (2006) No Award (2007) Robert Russell Bennett / Stephen Sondheim (2008) Jerry Herman (2009) Alan Ayckbourn / Marian Seldes (2010) Athol Fugard / Philip J. Smith (2011) Actors' Equity Association / Hugh Jackman (2012) Bernard Gersten / Ming Cho Lee / Paul Libin (2013) Jane Greenwood (2014) John Cameron Mitchell / Tommy Tune (2015) Sheldon Harnick / Marshall W. Mason / National Endowment for the Arts / Miles Wilkin (2016) James Earl Jones (2017) John Leguizamo / Andrew Lloyd Webber / Chita Rivera / Bruce Springsteen (2018) Rosemary Harris / Marin Mazzie / Terrence McNally / Sonny Tilders and Creature Technology Company / Jason Michael Webb / Harold Wheeler (2019) Authority control BIBSYS: 90052928 BNE: XX823950 BNF: cb118882971 (data) CiNii: DA01703505 GND: 118501380 ISNI: 0000 0001 2131 7785 LCCN: n79122150 LNB: 000148559 MBA: b0f5d4f6-f406-472c-bb33-9c73c4f1c24d NDL: 00431145 NKC: jn20000600091 NLA: 35002571 NLI: 000008174 NLK: KAC199600306 NLP: A17614752 NSK: 000065422 NTA: 068500548 PLWABN: 9810598545205606 SELIBR: 231095 SNAC: w6959fws SUDOC: 026680378 Trove: 785407 VIAF: 49220724 WorldCat Identities: lccn-n79122150 Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Edward_Albee&oldid=1002757244" Categories: 1928 births 2016 deaths 20th-century American dramatists and playwrights 20th-century American male writers 21st-century American dramatists and playwrights 21st-century American male writers Actors Studio alumni American adoptees American male dramatists and playwrights American theatre directors Choate Rosemary Hall alumni Fellows of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences Gay writers Grammy Award winners Kennedy Center honorees LGBT dramatists and playwrights LGBT people from New York (state) LGBT people from Virginia LGBT writers from the United States Members of the American Academy of Arts and Letters People from Greenwich Village People from Larchmont, New York People from Tribeca Pulitzer Prize for Drama winners Rye Country Day School alumni Theatre of the Absurd Tony Award winners Trinity College (Connecticut) alumni United States National Medal of Arts recipients University of Houston faculty Writers from New York (state) Writers from Washington, D.C. 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