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For information on how to proceed, first see the FAQ for blocked users and the guideline on block appeals. The guide to appealing blocks may also be helpful. Other useful links: Blocking policy · Help:I have been blocked You can view and copy the source of this page: ===1920s=== [[File:Francis Scott Fitzgerald 1937 June 4 (1) (photo by Carl van Vechten).jpg|thumb|200px|left|[[F. Scott Fitzgerald]], photographed by [[Carl van Vechten]], 1937]] Experimentation in style and form soon joined the new freedom in subject matter. In 1909, [[Gertrude Stein]] (1874–1946), by then an expatriate in Paris, published ''[[Three Lives (book)|Three Lives]]'', an innovative work of fiction influenced by her familiarity with cubism, jazz, and other movements in contemporary art and music. Stein labeled a group of American literary figures who lived in Paris in the 1920s and 1930s the "[[Lost Generation]]". The 1920s brought sharp changes to American literature. Many writers had direct experience of the First World War, and they used it to frame their writings.Hazel Hutchison, ''The War That Used Up Words: American Writers and the First World War'' (Yale University Press, 2015) Writers like Henry James, Gertrude Stein, and poets [[Ezra Pound]], [[H.D.]] and [[T. S. Eliot]] demonstrate the growth of an international perspective in American literature. American writers had long looked to European models for inspiration, but whereas the literary breakthroughs of the mid-19th century came from finding distinctly American styles and themes, writers from this period were finding ways of contributing to a flourishing international literary scene, not as imitators but as equals. Something similar was happening back in the States, as Jewish writers (such as [[Abraham Cahan]]) used the English language to reach an international Jewish audience. [[File:Carl Van Vechten - William Faulkner (greyscale and cropped).jpg|thumb|200px|[[William Faulkner]] in 1954]] The period of peace and debt-fueled economic expansion that followed WWI was the setting for many of the stories and novels of [[F. Scott Fitzgerald]] (1896–1940). Fitzgerald's work captured the restless, pleasure-hungry, defiant mood of the 1920s, a decade he named [[the Jazz Age]]. Fitzgerald's characteristic theme, expressed poignantly in his masterpiece ''[[The Great Gatsby]]'', is the tendency of youth's golden dreams to dissolve in failure and disappointment. Fitzgerald also dwells on the collapse of long-held American Ideals, such as liberty, social unity, good governance and peace, features which were severely threatened by the pressures of modern early 20th century society.Jeffrey Meyers, ''Scott Fitzgerald: A Biography'' (HarperCollins, 1994). [[Sinclair Lewis]] and [[Sherwood Anderson]] also wrote novels with critical depictions of American life. [[John Dos Passos]] wrote a famous anti-war novel, ''[[Three Soldiers]]'', describing scenes of blind hatred, stupidity, and criminality; and the suffocating regimentation of army life.{{Cite book|title=Three Soldiers|last=Dos Passos|first=John|publisher=The Modern Library|year=1932|location=United States of America}} He also wrote about the war in the [[U.S.A. trilogy]] which extended into the Depression.Maxwell Geismar, ''American moderns, from rebellion to conformity'' (1958) Experimental in form, the U.S.A. trilogy weaves together various narrative strands, which alternate with contemporary news reports, snatches of the author's autobiography, and capsule biographies of public figures including [[Eugene V. Debs|Eugene Debs]], [[Robert M. La Follette|Robert La Follette]] and [[Isadora Duncan]]. [[Ernest Hemingway]] (1899–1961) saw violence and death first-hand as an ambulance driver in World War I, and the carnage persuaded him that abstract language was mostly empty and misleading. He cut out unnecessary words from his writing, simplified the sentence structure, and concentrated on concrete objects and actions. He adhered to a moral code that emphasized grace under pressure, and his protagonists were strong, silent men who often dealt awkwardly with women. ''[[The Sun Also Rises]]'' and ''[[A Farewell to Arms]]'' are generally considered his best novels; in 1954, he won the [[Nobel Prize in Literature]].Keith Ferrell, ''Ernest Hemingway: The Search for Courage'' (Rowman & Littlefield, 2014) [[William Faulkner]] (1897–1962) won the Nobel Prize in 1949. Faulkner encompassed a wide range of humanity in [[Yoknapatawpha County]], a [[Mississippi]]an region of his own invention. He recorded his characters' seemingly unedited ramblings in order to represent their inner states, a technique called "[[Stream of consciousness writing|stream of consciousness]]". He also jumbled time sequences to show how the past – especially the slave-holding era of the [[Deep South]] – endures in the present. Among his great works are ''[[Absalom, Absalom!]]'', ''[[As I Lay Dying (novel)|As I Lay Dying]]'', ''[[The Sound and the Fury]]'', and ''[[Light in August]]''.John T. Matthews, ''William Faulkner: seeing through the South'' (Wiley, 2011). Return to American literature. 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