Pearl S. Buck - Wikipedia Pearl S. Buck From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to navigation Jump to search Pearl Sydenstricker Buck Pearl Buck, c. 1972 Born Pearl Sydenstricker (1892-06-26)June 26, 1892 Hillsboro, West Virginia, U.S. Died March 6, 1973(1973-03-06) (aged 80) Danby, Vermont, U.S. Resting place Green Hills Farm Grounds, Perkasie, Pennsylvania, U.S. Occupation Writer, Teacher Nationality American Subject English Notable awards Pulitzer Prize 1932 Nobel Prize in Literature 1938 Spouse John Lossing Buck (1917–1935) Richard J. Walsh (1935–1960) until his death Signature Pearl S. Buck Traditional Chinese 賽珍珠 Simplified Chinese 赛珍珠 Literal meaning Precious Pearl Sy' Transcriptions Standard Mandarin Hanyu Pinyin Sài Zhēnzhū Wade–Giles Sai Chen-chu IPA [sâi ʈʂə́n.ʈʂú] Pearl Sydenstricker Buck (June 26, 1892 – March 6, 1973; also known by her Chinese name Sai Zhenzhu; Chinese: 赛珍珠) was an American writer and novelist. As the daughter of missionaries, Buck spent most of her life before 1934 in Zhenjiang, China. Her novel The Good Earth was the best-selling fiction book in the United States in 1931 and 1932 and won the Pulitzer Prize in 1932. In 1938, she was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature "for her rich and truly epic descriptions of peasant life in China and for her biographical masterpieces".[1] She was the first American woman to win the Nobel Prize for Literature. After returning to the United States in 1935, she continued writing prolifically, became a prominent advocate of the rights of women and minority groups, and wrote widely on Chinese and Asian cultures, becoming particularly well known for her efforts on behalf of Asian and mixed-race adoption. Contents 1 Early life 2 Career in China 3 Career in the United States 4 Nobel Prize in Literature 5 Humanitarian efforts and later life 6 Final years 7 Death 8 Legacy 9 Selected bibliography 9.1 Autobiographies 9.2 Biographies 9.3 Novels 9.4 Non-fiction 9.5 Short stories 9.6 Collections 9.7 Individual short stories 9.8 Children's books and stories 10 Awards 11 Museums and historic houses 12 See also 13 Notes 14 Further reading 15 External links Early life[edit] The Stulting House at the Pearl Buck Birthplace in Hillsboro, West Virginia Originally named Comfort by her parents,[2] Pearl Sydenstricker was born in Hillsboro, West Virginia, United States, to Caroline Maude (Stulting) (1857–1921) and Absalom Sydenstricker. Her parents, Southern Presbyterian missionaries, traveled to China soon after their marriage on July 8, 1880, but returned to the United States for Pearl's birth. When Pearl was five months old, the family arrived in China, first in Huai'an and then in 1896 moved to Zhenjiang (then often known as Jingjiang or, in the Chinese postal romanization system, Tsingkiang), near Nanking.[3] Of her siblings who survived into adulthood, Edgar Sydenstricker had a distinguished career with the United States Public Health Service and later the Milbank Memorial Fund and Grace Sydenstricker Yaukey (1899–1994) was a writer who wrote young adult books and books about Asia under the pen name Cornelia Spencer.[4][5] Chinese man in Zhenjiang, c. 1900 Pearl recalled in her memoir that she lived in "several worlds", one a "small, white, clean Presbyterian world of my parents", and the other the "big, loving merry not-too-clean Chinese world", and there was no communication between them.[6] The Boxer Uprising greatly affected the family; their Chinese friends deserted them, and Western visitors decreased. Her father, convinced that no Chinese could wish him harm, stayed behind as the rest of the family went to Shanghai for safety. A few years later, Pearl was enrolled in Miss Jewell's School there and was dismayed at the racist attitudes of the other students, few of whom could speak any Chinese. Both of her parents felt strongly that Chinese were their equals (they forbade the use of the word heathen), and she was raised in a bilingual environment: tutored in English by her mother, in the local dialect by her Chinese playmates, and in classical Chinese by a Chinese scholar named Mr. Kung. She also read voraciously, especially, in spite of her father's disapproval, the novels of Charles Dickens, which she later said she read through once a year for the rest of her life.[7] In 1911, Pearl left China to attend Randolph-Macon Woman's College in Lynchburg, Virginia, graduating Phi Beta Kappa in 1914 and a member of Kappa Delta Sorority. Although she had not intended to return to China, much less become a missionary, she quickly applied to the Presbyterian Board when her father wrote that her mother was seriously ill. From 1914 to 1932, she served as a Presbyterian missionary, but her views later became highly controversial during the Fundamentalist–Modernist controversy, leading to her resignation.[8] Career in China[edit] In 1914, Pearl returned to China. She married an agricultural economist missionary, John Lossing Buck, on May 30, 1917, and they moved to Suzhou, Anhui Province, a small town on the Huai River (not to be confused with the better-known Suzhou in Jiangsu Province). This region she describes in her books The Good Earth and Sons. From 1920 to 1933, the Bucks made their home in Nanjing, on the campus of the University of Nanking, where they both had teaching positions. She taught English literature at the private, church-run University of Nanking,[9] Ginling College and at the National Central University. In 1920, the Bucks had a daughter, Carol, afflicted with phenylketonuria. In 1921, Buck's mother died of a tropical disease, sprue, and shortly afterward her father moved in. In 1924, they left China for John Buck's year of sabbatical and returned to the United States for a short time, during which Pearl Buck earned her master's degree from Cornell University. In 1925, the Bucks adopted Janice (later surnamed Walsh). That autumn, they returned to China.[8] The tragedies and dislocations that Buck suffered in the 1920s reached a climax in March 1927, during the "Nanking Incident". In a confused battle involving elements of Chiang Kai-shek's Nationalist troops, Communist forces, and assorted warlords, several Westerners were murdered. Since her father Absalom insisted, as he had in 1900 in the face of the Boxers, the family decided to stay in Nanjing until the battle reached the city. When violence broke out, a poor Chinese family invited them to hide in their hut while the family house was looted. The family spent a day terrified and in hiding, after which they were rescued by American gunboats. They traveled to Shanghai and then sailed to Japan, where they stayed for a year, after which they moved back to Nanjing. Buck later said that this year in Japan showed her that not all Japanese were militarists. When she returned from Japan in late 1927, Buck devoted herself in earnest to the vocation of writing. Friendly relations with prominent Chinese writers of the time, such as Xu Zhimo and Lin Yutang, encouraged her to think of herself as a professional writer. She wanted to fulfill the ambitions denied to her mother, but she also needed money to support herself if she left her marriage, which had become increasingly lonely, and since the mission board could not provide it, she also needed money for Carol's specialized care. Buck went once more to the States in 1929 to find long-term care for Carol, and while there, Richard J. Walsh, editor at John Day publishers in New York, accepted her novel East Wind: West Wind. She and Walsh began a relationship that would result in marriage and many years of professional teamwork. Back in Nanking, she retreated every morning to the attic of her university bungalow and within the year completed the manuscript for The Good Earth.[10] Pearl Buck in 1932, about the time The Good Earth was published Photo: Arnold Genthe When John Lossing Buck took the family to Ithaca the next year, Pearl accepted an invitation to address a luncheon of Presbyterian women at the Astor Hotel in New York City. Her talk was titled "Is There a Case for the Foreign Missionary?" and her answer was a barely qualified "no". She told her American audience that she welcomed Chinese to share her Christian faith, but argued that China did not need an institutional church dominated by missionaries who were too often ignorant of China and arrogant in their attempts to control it. When the talk was published in Harper's Magazine,[11] the scandalized reaction led Buck to resign her position with the Presbyterian Board. In 1934, Buck left China, believing she would return,[12] while John Lossing Buck remained.[13] Career in the United States[edit] In 1935 the Bucks divorced in Reno, Nevada,[14] and she married Richard Walsh that same day.[12] He offered her advice and affection which, her biographer concludes, "helped make Pearl's prodigious activity possible". The couple lived in Pennsylvania until his death in 1960.[10] During the Cultural Revolution, Buck, as a preeminent American writer of Chinese village life, was denounced as an "American cultural imperialist".[15] Buck was "heartbroken" when she was prevented from visiting China with Richard Nixon in 1972. Her 1962 novel Satan Never Sleeps described the Communist tyranny in China. Following the Communist Revolution in 1949, Buck was repeatedly refused all attempts to return to her beloved China and therefore was compelled to remain in the United States for the rest of her life.[12] Pearl S. Buck died of lung cancer on March 6, 1973, in Danby, Vermont, and was interred in Green Hills Farm in Perkasie, Pennsylvania. She designed her own tombstone. Her name was not inscribed in English on her tombstone. Instead, the grave marker is inscribed with Chinese characters representing the name Pearl Sydenstricker.[16] Nobel Prize in Literature[edit] In 1938 the Nobel Prize committee in awarding the prize said: By awarding this year's Prize to Pearl Buck for the notable works which pave the way to a human sympathy passing over widely separated racial boundaries and for the studies of human ideals which are a great and living art of portraiture, the Swedish Academy feels that it acts in harmony and accord with the aim of Alfred Nobel's dreams for the future.[17] In her speech to the Academy, she took as her topic "The Chinese Novel." She explained, "I am an American by birth and by ancestry", but "my earliest knowledge of story, of how to tell and write stories, came to me in China." After an extensive discussion of classic Chinese novels, especially Romance of the Three Kingdoms, All Men Are Brothers, and Dream of the Red Chamber, she concluded that in China "the novelist did not have the task of creating art but of speaking to the people." Her own ambition, she continued, had not been trained toward "the beauty of letters or the grace of art." In China, the task of the novelist differed from the Western artist: "To farmers he must talk of their land, and to old men he must speak of peace, and to old women he must tell of their children, and to young men and women he must speak of each other." And like the Chinese novelist, she concluded, "I have been taught to want to write for these people. If they are reading their magazines by the million, then I want my stories there rather than in magazines read only by a few."[18] Humanitarian efforts and later life[edit] Buck was highly committed to a range of issues that were largely ignored by her generation. Many of her life experiences and political views are described in her novels, short stories, fiction, children's stories, and the biographies of her parents entitled Fighting Angel (on Absalom) and The Exile (on Carrie). She wrote on diverse subjects, including women's rights, Asian cultures, immigration, adoption, missionary work, war, the atomic bomb (Command the Morning), and violence. Pearl S. Buck is receiving the Nobel Prize for Literature from King Gustav V of Sweden in the Stockholm Concert Hall in 1938 She was involved in the charity relief campaign for the victims of the 1931 China floods, writing a series of short stories describing the plight of refugees, which were broadcast on the radio in the United States and later published in her collected volume The First Wife and Other Stories.[19] In 1949, outraged that existing adoption services considered Asian and mixed-race children unadoptable, Buck co-founded Welcome House, Inc.,[20] the first international, interracial adoption agency, along with James A. Michener, Oscar Hammerstein II and his second wife Dorothy Hammerstein. In nearly five decades of work, Welcome House has placed over five thousand children. In 1964, to support kids who were not eligible for adoption, Buck established the Pearl S. Buck Foundation (name changed to Pearl S. Buck International in 1999)[21] to "address poverty and discrimination faced by children in Asian countries". In 1964, she opened the Opportunity Center and Orphanage in South Korea, and later offices were opened in Thailand, the Philippines, and Vietnam. When establishing Opportunity House, Buck said, "The purpose ... is to publicize and eliminate injustices and prejudices suffered by children, who, because of their birth, are not permitted to enjoy the educational, social, economic and civil privileges normally accorded to children."[22] In 1960, after a long decline in health, her husband Richard died. She renewed a warm relation with William Ernest Hocking, who died in 1966. Buck then withdrew from many of her old friends and quarreled with others. In 1962 Buck asked the Israeli Government for clemency for Adolf Eichmann, the Nazi war criminal who was complicit in the deaths of five million Jews during WWII.[23] In the late 1960s, Buck toured West Virginia to raise money to preserve her family farm in Hillsboro, West Virginia. Today the Pearl S. Buck Birthplace is a historic house museum and cultural center.[24] She hoped the house would "belong to everyone who cares to go there", and serve as a "gateway to new thoughts and dreams and ways of life".[25] Long before it was considered fashionable or politically safe to do so, Buck challenged the American public by raising consciousness on topics such as racism, sex discrimination and the plight of Asian war children. During her life, Buck combined the careers of wife, mother, author, editor, international spokesperson, and political activist.[26] Final years[edit] In the mid-1960s, Buck increasingly came under the influence of Theodore Harris, a former dance instructor, who became her confidant, co-author, and financial advisor. She soon depended on him for all her daily routines, and placed him in control of Welcome House and the Pearl S. Buck Foundation. Harris, who was given a lifetime salary as head of the foundation, created a scandal for Buck when he was accused of mismanaging the foundation, diverting large amounts of the foundation's funds for his friends' and his own personal expenses, and treating staff poorly.[27][28] Buck defended Harris, stating that he was "very brilliant, very high strung and artistic".[27] Before her death Buck signed over her foreign royalties and her personal possessions to Creativity Inc., a foundation controlled by Harris, leaving her children a relatively small percentage of her estate.[29] Death[edit] Buck died on March 6, 1973, from lung cancer. After her death, Buck's children contested the will and accused Harris of exerting "undue influence" on Buck during the last few years. Harris failed to appear at trial and the court ruled in the family's favor.[28][30] Legacy[edit] Pearl S. Buck's former residence at Nanjing University A statue of Pearl S. Buck stands in front of the former residence at Nanjing University Many contemporary reviewers were positive and praised her "beautiful prose", even though her "style is apt to degenerate into over-repetition and confusion".[31] Robert Benchley wrote a parody of The Good Earth that focused on just these qualities. Peter Conn, in his biography of Buck, argues that despite the accolades awarded to her, Buck's contribution to literature has been mostly forgotten or deliberately ignored by America's cultural gatekeepers.[32] Kang Liao argues that Buck played a "pioneering role in demythologizing China and the Chinese people in the American mind".[33] Phyllis Bentley, in an overview of Buck's work published in 1935, was altogether impressed: "But we may say at least that for the interest of her chosen material, the sustained high level of her technical skill, and the frequent universality of her conceptions, Mrs. Buck is entitled to take rank as a considerable artist. To read her novels is to gain not merely knowledge of China but wisdom about life."[34] These works aroused considerable popular sympathy for China, and helped foment poor relations with Japan. Chinese-American author Anchee Min said she "broke down and sobbed" after reading The Good Earth for the first time as an adult, which she had been forbidden to read growing up in China during the Cultural Revolution. Min said Buck portrayed the Chinese peasants "with such love, affection and humanity" and it inspired Min's novel Pearl of China (2010), a fictional biography about Buck.[35] In 1973, Buck was inducted into the National Women's Hall of Fame.[36] Buck was honored in 1983 with a 5¢ Great Americans series postage stamp issued by the United States Postal Service[37] In 1999 she was designated a Women's History Month Honoree by the National Women's History Project.[38] Buck's former residence at Nanjing University is now the Sai Zhenzhu Memorial House along the West Wall of the university's north campus. U.S. President George H. W. Bush toured the Pearl S. Buck House in October 1998. He expressed that he, like millions of other Americans, had gained an appreciation for the Chinese people through Buck's writing.[39] Pearl Buck's papers and literary manuscripts are currently housed at Pearl S. Buck International[40] and the West Virginia & Regional History Center.[41] Selected bibliography[edit] Autobiographies[edit] My Several Worlds: A Personal Record (New York: John Day, 1954) My Several Worlds – abridged for younger readers by Cornelia Spencer (New York: John Day, 1957) A Bridge for Passing (New York: John Day, 1962) – autobiographical account of the filming of Buck's children's book, The Big Wave Biographies[edit] Pearl Buck The Exile: Portrait of an American Mother (New York: John Day, 1936) – about her mother, Caroline Stulting Sydenstricker (1857–1921); serialized in Woman's Home Companion magazine (10/1935–3/1936) Fighting Angel: Portrait of a Soul (New York: Reynal & Hitchcock, 1936) – about her father, Absalom Sydenstricker (1852–1931) The Spirit and the Flesh (New York: John Day, 1944) – includes The Exile: Portrait of an American Mother and Fighting Angel: Portrait of a Soul Novels[edit] See also: List of bestselling novels in the United States in the 1930s East Wind: West Wind (New York: John Day, 1930)[42] – working title Winds of Heaven The Good Earth (New York: John Day, 1931); The House of Earth trilogy #1 – made into a feature film The Good Earth (MGM, 1937) Sons (New York: John Day, 1933); The House of Earth trilogy #2; serialized in Cosmopolitan (4–11/1932) A House Divided (New York: Reynal & Hitchcock, 1935); The House of Earth trilogy #3 The House of Earth (trilogy) (New York: Reynal & Hitchcock, 1935) – includes: The Good Earth, Sons, A House Divided All Men Are Brothers (New York: John Day, 1933) – a translation by Buck of the Chinese classical prose epic Water Margin (Shui Hu Zhuan) The Mother (New York: John Day, 1933) – serialized in Cosmopolitan (7/1933–1/1934) This Proud Heart (New York: Reynal & Hitchcock, 1938) – serialized in Good Housekeeping magazine (8/1937–2/1938) The Patriot (New York: John Day, 1939) Other Gods: An American Legend (New York: John Day, 1940) – excerpt serialized in Good Housekeeping magazine as "American Legend" (12/1938–5/1939) China Sky (New York: John Day, 1941) – China trilogy #1; serialized in Collier's Weekly magazine (2–4/1941); made into a feature film China Sky (film) (RKO, 1945) China Gold: A Novel of War-torn China (New York: John Day, 1942) – China trilogy #2; serialized in Collier's Weekly magazine (2–4/1942) Dragon Seed (New York: John Day, 1942) – serialized in Asia (9/1941–2/1942); made into a feature film Dragon Seed (MGM, 1944) The Promise (New York: John Day, 1943) – sequel to Dragon Seed; serialized in Asia and the Americas (Asia) (11/1942–10/1943) China Flight (Philadelphia: Triangle Books/Blakiston Company, 19453) – China trilogy #3; serialized in Collier's Weekly magazine (2–4/1943) Portrait of a Marriage (New York: John Day, 1945) – illustrated by Charles Hargens The Townsman (New York: John Day, 1945) – as John Sedges Pavilion of Women (New York: John Day, 1946) – made into a feature film Pavilion of Women (Universal Focus, 2001) The Angry Wife (New York: John Day, 1947) – as John Sedges Peony (New York: John Day, 1948) – publlished in the UK as The Bondmaid (London: T. Brun, 1949); – serialized in Cosmopolitan (3–4/1948) Kinfolk (New York: John Day, 1949) – serialized in Ladies' Home Journal (10/1948–2/1949) The Long Love (New York: John Day, 1949) – as John Sedges God's Men (New York: John Day, 1951) Sylvia (1951) – alternate title No Time for Love, serialized in Redbook magazine (1951) Bright Procession (New York: John Day, 1952) – as John Sedges The Hidden Flower (New York: John Day, 1952) – serialized in Woman's Home Companion magazine (3–4/1952) Come, My Beloved (New York: John Day, 1953) Voices in the House (New York: John Day, 1953) – as John Sedges Imperial Woman The Story of the Last Empress of China (New York: John Day, 1956) – about Empress Dowager Cixi; serialized in Woman's Home Companion (3–4/1956) Letter from Peking (New York: John Day, 1957) American Triptych: Three John Sedges Novels (New York: John Day, 1958) – includes The Townsman, The Long Love, Voices in the House Command the Morning (New York: John Day, 1959) Satan Never Sleeps (New York: Pocket Books, 1962) – 1962 film Satan Never Sleeps, also known as The Devil Never Sleeps and Flight from Terror The Living Reed A Novel of Korea (New York: John Day, 1963) Death in the Castle (New York: John Day, 1965) The Time Is Noon (New York: John Day, 1966) The New Year (New York: John Day, 1968) The Three Daughters of Madame Liang (London: Methuen, 1969) Mandala A Novel of India (New York: John Day, 1970) The Goddess Abides (New York: John Day, 1972) All under Heaven (New York: John Day, 1973) The Rainbow (New York: John Day, 1974) The Eternal Wonder (believed to have been written shortly before her death, published in October 2013)[43] Non-fiction[edit] Is There a Case for Foreign Missions? (New York: John Day, 1932) The Chinese Novel: Nobel Lecture Delivered before the Swedish Academy at Stockholm, December 12, 1938 (New York: John Day, 1939)[44] Of Men and Women (New York: John Day, 1941) – Essays American Unity and Asia (New York: John Day, 1942) – UK edition titled Asia and Democracy, London: Macmillan, 1943) – Essays What America Means to Me (New York: John Day, 1943) – UK edition (London: Methuen, 1944) – Essays Talk about Russia (with Masha Scott) (New York: John Day, 1945) – serialized in Asia and the Americas magazine (Asia) as Talks with Masha (1945) Tell the People: Talks with James Yen about the Mass Education Movement (New York: John Day, 1945) How It Happens: Talk about the German People, 1914–1933, with Erna von Pustau (New York: John Day, 1947) American Argument with Eslanda Goode Robeson (New York: John Day, 1949) The Child Who Never Grew (New York: John Day, 1950) The Man Who Changed China: The Story of Sun Yat-sen (New York: John Day, 1953) – for children Friend to Friend: A Candid Exchange between Pearl S. Buck and Carlos P. Romulo (New York: John Day, 1958) For Spacious Skies (1966) The People of Japan (1966) To My Daughters, with Love (New York: John Day, 1967) The Kennedy Women (1970) China as I See It (1970) The Story Bible (1971) Pearl S. Buck's Oriental Cookbook (1972) Words of Love (1974)[45] Short stories[edit] Collections[edit] The First Wife and Other Stories (London: Methuen, 1933) – includes: "The First Wife", "The Old Mother", "The Frill", "The Quarrell", "Repatriated", "The Rainy Day", Wang Lung", "The Communist", "Father Andrea", "The New Road", "Barren Spring", *"The Refugees", "Fathers and Mothers", "The Good River" Today and Forever: Stories of China (New York: John Day, 1941) – includes: "The Lesson", The Angel", "Mr. Binney's Afternoon", "The Dance", "Shanghai Scene", "Hearts Come Home", "His Own Country", "Tiger! Tiger!", "Golden flower", "The Face of Buddha", "Guerrilla Mother", "A Man's Foes", "The Old Demon" Twenty-seven Stories (Garden City, NY: Sun Dial Press, 1943) – includes (from The First Wife and Other Stories): "The First Wife", "The Old Mother", "The Frill", "The Quarrell", "Repatriated", "The Rainy Day", Wang Lung", "The Communist", "Father Andrea", "The New Road", "Barren Spring", *"The Refugees", "Fathers and Mothers", "The Good River"; and (from Today and Forever: Stories of China): "The Lesson", The Angel", "Mr. Binney's Afternoon", "The Dance", "Shanghai Scene", "Hearts Come Home", "His Own Country", "Tiger! Tiger!", "Golden flower", "The Face of Buddha", "Guerrilla Mother", "A Man's Foes", "The Old Demon" Far and Near: Stories of Japan, China, and America (New York: John Day, 1947) – includes: "The Enemy", "Home Girl", "Mr. Right". The Tax Collector", "A Few People", "Home to Heaven", Enough for a Lifetime", Mother and Sons", Mrs. Mercer and Her Self", The Perfect Wife", "Virgin birth", "The Truce", "Heat Wave", "The One Woman" Fourteen Stories (New York: John Day, 1961) – includes: "A Certain Star," "The Beauty", "Enchantment", "With a Delicate Air", "Beyond Language", "Parable of Plain People", "The Commander and the Commissar", "Begin to Live", "The Engagement", "Melissa", "Gift of Laughter", "Death and the Dawn", "The Silver Butterfly", "Francesca" Hearts Come Home and Other Stories (New York: Pocket Books, 1962) Stories of China (1964) Escape at Midnight and Other Stories (1964) East and West Stories (1975) Secrets of the Heart: Stories (1976) The Lovers and Other Stories (1977) Mrs. Stoner and the Sea and Other Stories (1978) The Woman Who Was Changed and Other Stories (1979) Beauty Shop Series: "Revenge in a Beauty Shop" (1939) – original title "The Perfect Hairdresser" Beauty Shop Series: "Gold Mine" (1940) Beauty Shop Series: "Mrs. Whittaker's Secret"/"The Blonde Brunette" (1940) Beauty Shop Series: "Procession of Song" (1940) Beauty Shop Series: "Snake at the Picnic" (1940) – published as "Seed of Sin" (1941) Beauty Shop Series: "Seed of Sin" (1941) – published as "Snake at the Picnic (1940) Individual short stories[edit] Unknown title (1902) – first published story, pen name "Novice", Shanghai Mercury "The Real Santa Claus" (c. 1911) "Village by the Sea" (1911) "By the Hand of a Child" (1912) "The Hours of Worship" (1914) "When 'Lof' Comes" (1914) "The Clutch of the Ancients" (1924) "The Rainy Day" (c. 1925) "A Chinese Woman Speaks" (1926) "Lao Wang, the Farmer" (1926) "The Solitary Priest" (1926) "The Revolutionist" (1928) – later published as "Wang Lung" (1933) "The Wandering Little God" (1928) "Father Andrea" (1929) "The New Road" (1930) "Singing to her Death" (1930) "The Barren Spring" (1931) "The First Wife" (1931) "The Old Chinese Nurse" (1932) "The Quarrel" (1932) "The Communist" (1933) "Fathers and Mothers" (1933) "The Frill" (1933) "Hidden is the Golden Dragon" (1933) "The Lesson" (1933) – later published as "No Other Gods" (1936; original title used in short story collections) "The Old Mother" (1933) "The Refugees" (1933) "Repatriated" (1933) "The Return" (1933) "The River" (1933) – later published as "The Good River" (1939) "The Two Women" (1933) "The Beautiful Ladies" (1934) – later published as "Mr. Binney's Afternoon" (1935) "Fool's Sacrifice" (1934) "Shanghai Scene" (1934) "Wedding and Funeral" (1934) "Between These Two" (1935) "The Dance" (1935) "Enough for a Lifetime" (1935) "Hearts Come Home" (1935) "Heat Wave" (1935) "His Own Country" (1935) "The Perfect Wife" (1935) "Vignette of Love" (1935) – later published as "Next Saturday and Forever" (1977) "The Crusade" (1936) "Strangers Are Kind" (1936) "The Truce" (1936) "What the Heart Must" (1937) – later published as "Someone to Remember" (1947) "The Angel" (1937) "Faithfully" (1937) "Ko-Sen, the Sacrificed" (1937) "Now and Forever" (1937) – serialized in Woman's Home Companion magazine (10/1936–3/1937) "The Woman Who Was Changed" (1937) – serialized in Redbook magazine (7–9/1937) "The Pearls of O-lan" – from The Good Earth (1938) "Ransom" (1938) "Tiger! Tiger!" (1938) "Wonderful Woman" (1938) – serialized in Redbook magazine (6–8/1938) "For a Thing Done" (1939) – originally titled "While You Are Here" "The Old Demon" (1939) – reprinted in Great Modern Short Stories: An Anthology of Twelve Famous Stories and Novelettes, selected, and with a foreword and biographical notes by Bennett Cerf (New York: The Modern library, 1942) "The Face of Gold" (1940, in Saturday Evening Post) – later published as "The Face of Buddha" (1941) "Golden Flower" (1940) "Iron" (1940) – later published as "A Man's Foes" (1940) "The Old Signs Fail" (1940) "Stay as You Are" (1940) – serialized in Cosmopolitan (3–7/1940) "There Was No Peace" (1940) – later published as "Guerrilla Mother" (1941) "Answer to Life" (novella; 1941) "More Than a Woman" (1941) – originally titled "Deny It if You Can" "Our Daily Bread" (1941) – originally titled "A Man's Daily Bread, 1–3", serialized in Redbook magazine (2–4/1941), longer version published as Portrait of a Marriage (1945) The Enemy (1942, Harper's Magazine) – staged by the Indian "Aamra Kajon" (Drama Society), on the Bengal Theatre Festival 2019[46] "John-John Chinaman" (1942) – original title "John Chinaman" "The Long Way 'Round" – serialized in Cosmopolitan (9/1942–2/1943) "Mrs. Barclay's Christmas Present" (1942) – later published as "Gift of Laughter" (1943) "Descent into China" (1944) "Journey for Life" (1944) – originally titled "Spark of Life" "The Real Thing" (1944) – serialized in Cosmopolitan (2–6/1944); originally intendeds as a serial "Harmony Hill" (1938) "Begin to Live" (1945) "Mother and Sons" (1945) "A Time to Love" (1945) – later published under its original title "The Courtyards of Peace" (1969) "Big Tooth Yang" (1946) – later published as "The Tax Collector" (1947) "The Conqueror's Girl" (1946) – later published as "Home Girl" (1947) "Faithfully Yours" (1947) "Home to Heaven" (1947) "Incident at Wang's Corner" (1947) – later published as "A Few People" (1947) "Mr. Right" (1947) "Mrs. Mercer and Her Self" (1947) "The One Woman" (1947) "Virgin Birth" (1947) "Francesca" (Good Housekeeping magazine, 1948) "The Ember" (1949) "The Tryst" (1950) "Love and the Morning Calm" – serialized in Redbook magazine (1–4/1951) "The Man Called Dead" (1952) "Death and the Spring" (1953) "Moon over Manhattan" (1953) "The Three Daughters" (1953) "The Unwritten Rules" (1953) "The Couple Who Lived on the Moon" (1953) – later published as "The Engagement" (1961) "A Husband for Lili" (1953) – later published as "The Good Deed (1969) "The Heart's Beginning" (1954) "The Shield of Love" (1954) "Christmas Day in the Morning" (1955) – later published as "The Gift That Lasts a Lifetime" "Death and the Dawn" (1956) "Mariko" (1956) "A Certain Star" (1957) "Honeymoon Blues" (1957) "China Story" (1958) "Leading Lady" (1958) – alternately titled "Open the Door, Lady" "The Secret" (1958) "With a Delicate Air" (1959) "The Bomb (Dr. Arthur Compton)" (1959) "Heart of a Man" (1959) "Melissa" (1960) "The Silver Butterfly" (1960) "The Beauty" (1961) "Beyond Language" (1961) "The Commander and the Commissar" (1961) "Enchantment" (1961) "Parable of Plain People" (1961) "A Field of Rice" (1962) "A Grandmother's Christmas" (1962) – later published as "This Day to Treasure" (1972) ""Never Trust the Moonlight" (1962) – later published as "The Green Sari" (1962) "The Cockfight, 1963 "A Court of Love" (1963) "Escape at Midnight" (1963) "The Lighted Window" (1963) "Night Nurse" (1963) "The Sacred Skull" (1963) "The Trap" (1963) "India, My India" (1964) "Ranjit and the Tiger" (1964) "A Certain Wisdom" (1967, in Woman's Day magazine) "Stranger Come Home" (1967) "The House They Built" (1968, in Boys' Life magazine) "The Orphan in My Home" (1968) "Secrets of the Heart" (1968) "All the Days of Love and Courage" 1969) – later published as "The Christmas Child" (1972) "Dagger in the Dark" (1969) "Duet in Asia" (1969; written 1953 "Going Home" (1969) "Letter Home" (1969; written 1943) "Sunrise at Juhu" (1969) "Two in Love" (1970) – later published as "The Strawberry Vase" (1976) "The Gifts of Joy" (1971) "Once upon a Christmas" (1971) "The Christmas Secret" (1972) "Christmas Story" (1972) "In Loving Memory" (1972) – later published as "Mrs. Stoner and the Sea" (1976) "The New Christmas" (1972) "The Miracle Child" (1973) "Mrs. Barton Declines" (1973) – later published as "Mrs. Barton's Decline" and "Mrs. Barton's Resurrection" (1976) "Darling Let Me Stay" (1975) – excerpt from "Once upon a Christmas" (1971) "Dream Child" (1975) "The Golden Bowl" (1975; written 1942) "Letter from India" (1975) "To Whom a Child is Born" (1975) "Alive again" (1976) "Come Home My Son" (1976) "Here and Now" (1976; written 1941) "Morning in the Park" (1976; written 1948) "Search for a Star" (1976) "To Thine Own Self" (1976) "The Woman in the Waves" (1976; written 1953) "The Kiss" (1977) "The Lovers" (1977) "Miranda" (1977) "The Castle" (1979; written 1949) "A Pleasant Evening" (1979; written 1948) Christmas Miniature (New York: John Day, 1957) – in UK as Christmas Mouse (London: Methuen, 1959) – illustrated by Anna Marie Magagna Christmas Ghost (New York: John Day, 1960) – illustrated by Anna Marie Magagna ''Unpublished stories'' "The Good Rich Man" (1937, unsold) "The Sheriff" (1937, unsold) "High and Mighty" (1938, unsold) "Mrs. Witler's Husband" (1938, unsold) "Mother and Daughter" (1938, unsold; alternate title "My Beloved") "Mother without Child" (1940, unsold) "Instead of Diamonds" (1953, unsold) ''Unpublished stories, undated'' "The Assignation" (submitted not sold) "The Big Dance" (unsold) "The Bleeding Heart" (unsold) "The Bullfrog" (unsold) "The Day at Dawn" (unpublished) "The Director" "Heart of the Jungle (submitted, unsold) "Images" (sold but unpublished) "Lesson in Biology" / "Useless Wife" (unsold) "Morning in Okinawa" (unsold) "Mrs. Jones of Jerrell Street" (unsold) "One of Our People" (sold, unpublished) "Summer Fruit" (unsold) "Three Nights with Love" (submitted, unsold) – original title "More Than a Woman" "Too Many Flowers" (unsold) "Wang the Ancient" (unpublished) "Wang the White Boy" (unpublished) ''Stories: Date unknown'' "Church Woman" "Crucifixion" "Dear Son" "Escape Me Never" – alternate title of "For a Thing Done" "The Great Soul" "Her Father's Wife" "Horse Face" "Lennie" "The Magic Dragon" "Mrs. Jones of Jerrell Street" (unsold) "Night of the Dance" "One and Two" "Pleasant Vampire" "Rhoda and Mike" "The Royal Family" "The Searcher" "Steam and Snow" "Tinder and the Flame" "The War Chest" "To Work the Sleeping Land" Children's books and stories[edit] The Young Revolutionist (New York: John Day, 1932) – for children Stories for Little Children (New York: John Day, 1940) – pictures by Weda Yap "When Fun Begins" (1941) The Chinese Children Next Door (New York: John Day, 1942) The Water Buffalo Children (New York: John Day, 1943) – drawings by William Arthur Smith Dragon Fish (New York: John Day, 1944) – illustrated by Esther Brock Bird Yu Lan: Flying Boy of China (New York: John Day, 1945) – drawings by Georg T. Hartmann The Big Wave (New York: John Day, 1948) – illustrated with prints by Hiroshige and Hokusai – for children One Bright Day (New York: John Day, 1950) – published in the UK as One Bright Day and Other Stories for Children (1952) The Beech Tree (New York: John Day, 1954) – illustrated by Kurt Werth – for children "Johnny Jack and His Beginnings" (New York: John Day, 1954) Christmas Miniature (1957) – published in the UK as The Christmas Mouse (1958) "The Christmas Ghost" (1960) "Welcome Child (1964) "The Big Fight" (1965) "The Little Fox in the Middle" (1966) Matthew, Mark, Luke and John (New York: John Day, 1967) – set in South Korea "The Chinese Storyteller" (1971) "A Gift for the Children" (1973) "Mrs Starling's Problem" (1973) Awards[edit] Pulitzer Prize for the Novel: The Good Earth (1932) William Dean Howells Medal (1935) Nobel Prize in Literature (1938) Museums and historic houses[edit] Pearl S. Buck's study in Lushan Pearl S. Buck Villa Several historic sites work to preserve and display artifacts from Pearl's profoundly multicultural life: Pearl S. Buck Birthplace in Hillsboro, West Virginia Green Hills Farm in Bucks County, Pennsylvania The Zhenjiang Pearl S. Buck Research Association and former residence in Zhenjiang, China [1] Pearl S. Buck House in Nanjing University, China [2] The Pearl S. Buck Summer Villa, on Lushan Mountain in Jiangxi Province, China The Pearl S. Buck Memorial Hall, Bucheon City, South Korea[47] See also[edit] Christian feminism List of female Nobel laureates Notes[edit] ^ The Nobel Prize in Literature 1938 Accessed 9 Mar 2013 ^ Lian Xi, The Conversion of Missionaries, University Park, PA: Penn State University Press, 1996) 102 ISBN 0271064382. ^ Shavit, David (1990), The United States in Asia: a historical dictionary, Greenwood Publishing Group, p. 480, ISBN 0-313-26788-X (Entry for "Sydenstricker, Absalom") ^ "Grace Sydenstricker Yaukey papers, 1934–1968". Orbis Cascade Alliance. Retrieved 17 January 2019. ^ "Grace S. Yaukey Dies". Washington Post. May 5, 1994. Retrieved January 18, 2019. ^ Pearl S. Buck, My Several Worlds: A Personal Record (New York: John Day, 1954) p. 10. ^ Peter Conn, Pearl S. Buck: A Cultural Biography, Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1996) 9, 19–23 ISBN 0521560802. ^ a b Conn, Pearl S. Buck, 70–82. ^ Gould Hunter Thomas (2004). "Nanking". An American in China, 1936-1939: A Memoir. Greatrix Press. ISBN 978-0-9758800-0-5. ^ a b Conn, Pearl S. Buck, 345. ^ Pearl S. Buck, "Is There a Case for Foreign Missions?," Harper's 166 (January 1933): 143–155. ^ a b c Melvin, Sheila (2006). "The Resurrection of Pearl Buck". Wilson Quarterly Archives. Retrieved 2016-10-24. ^ Buck, Pearl S. The Good Earth. Ed. Peter Conn. New York: Washington Square Press, 1994. pp. xviii–xix. ^ "Pearl Buck's divorce". renodivorcehistory.org. Retrieved 2015-10-15. ^ "A Chinese Fan Of Pearl S. Buck Returns The Favor". NPR. April 7, 2010. ^ Conn, Peter, Dragon and the Pearl ^ "The Nobel Prize in Literature 1938". NobelPrize.org. ^ Nobel Lecture (1938) The Chinese Novel ^ Courtney, Chris (2018), "The Nature of Disaster in China: The 1931 Central China Flood", Cambridge University Press [ ISBN 978-1-108-41777-8] ^ "Welcome House: A Historical Perspective". Pearl S. Buck International. Archived from the original on 2015-04-02. Retrieved 2015-04-06. ^ amy.gress. "Home". Pearl S Buck. Retrieved 2019-02-25. ^ Pearl S. Buck International, "Our History Archived 2006-12-31 at the Wayback Machine," 2009. ^ Cesarani, David. (2005). Eichmann : his life and crimes. London: Vintage. pp. 319–20. ISBN 0-09-944844-0. OCLC 224240952. ^ "The Pearl S. Buck Birthplace Foundation". Archived from the original on 2015-03-25. Retrieved 2008-09-27. ^ Buck, Pearl S. My Mother's House. Richwood, WV: Appalachian Press. pp. 30–31. ^ Conn, Pearl S. Buck, xv–xvi. ^ a b Walter, Greg (1991), "'Philadelphia', as quoted", in Sam G. Riley; Gary W. Selnow (eds.), Regional Interest Magazines of the United States, Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Publishing Group, p. 259, ISBN 9780313268403 ^ a b Conn (1996), p. 376. ^ "Crumbling Foundation". Time. 94 (4). 25 July 1969. p. 66. ^ "Overturning of Buck Will Seen as a Product of Passion". Lewiston Daily Sun. August 10, 1974. p. 9. ^ E.G. (1933). "Rev. of Sons". Pacific Affairs. 6 (2/3): 112–15. doi:10.2307/2750834. JSTOR 2750834. ^ Conn, Pearl S. Buck, xii–xiv. ^ Liao, Kang (1997). Pearl S. Buck: a cultural bridge across the Pacific. Greenwood. p. 4. ISBN 978-0-313-30146-9. ^ Bentley, Phyllis (1935). "The Art of Pearl S. Buck". The English Journal. 24 (10): 791–800. doi:10.2307/804849. JSTOR 804849. ^ NPR, "A Chinese Fan Of Pearl S. Buck Returns The Favor", All Things Considered, April 7, 2010. Accessed 7/4/10 ^ "Buck, Pearl S." National Women’s Hall of Fame. ^ Smithsonian National Postal Museum. "Great Americans Issue: 5-cent Buck". Archived from the original on 20 September 2006. Retrieved 14 August 2013. ^ "Honorees: 2010 National Women's History Month". Women's History Month. National Women's History Project. 2010. Archived from the original on 28 August 2014. Retrieved 14 November 2011. ^ DDMap.com: 赛珍珠故居 (in Chinese), archived from the original on 2015-04-02, retrieved 2010-02-21 ^ Pearl S. Buck International: House Archives, retrieved 2016-10-24 ^ Pearl S. Buck Collection: About the Collection, retrieved 2016-10-24 ^ "East Wind: West Wind by Pearl S. Buck". Fantasticfiction. Retrieved 2015-04-06. ^ Julie Bosman (21 May 2013). "A Pearl Buck Novel, New After 4 Decades". New York Times. ^ Pearl S. Buck's Nobel Lecture ^ "9780381982638: Words of Love - AbeBooks - Pearl S Buck: 0381982637". www.abebooks.com. ^ "Play review | The Enemy: Say no to war". The Statesman. 2019-03-15. Retrieved 2019-09-13. ^ "Pearl S. Buck International: Other Pearl S. Buck Historic Places". Psbi.org. 2006-09-30. Archived from the original on 2011-07-19. Retrieved 2010-02-25. Further reading[edit] Conn, Peter J. (1996), Pearl S. Buck: A Cultural Biography, Cambridge England; New York: Cambridge University Press, ISBN 0521560802 Hilary Spurling, Burying the Bones: Pearl Buck in China (London: Profile, 2010) ISBN 9781861978288 Nora B. Stirling, Pearl Buck, a Woman in Conflict (Piscataway, NJ: New Century Publishers, 1983) Elizabeth Johnston Lipscomb, Frances E. Webb and Peter J. Conn, eds., The Several Worlds of Pearl S. Buck: Essays Presented at a Centennial Symposium, Randolph-Macon Woman's College, March 26–28, 1992. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, Contributions in Women's Studies, 1994. ISBN 0313291527 Liao Kang. Pearl S. Buck: A Cultural Bridge across the Pacific. (Westport, CT, London: Greenwood, Contributions to the Study of World Literature 77, 1997). ISBN 0-313-30146-8. Xi Lian. The Conversion of Missionaries: Liberalism in American Protestant Missions in China, 1907–1932. (University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press, 1997). ISBN 027101606X Roan, Jeanette (2010). "Knowing China: Accuracy, Authenticity and The Good Earth". Envisioning Asia: On Location, Travel, and the Cinematic Geography of U.S. Orientalism. Ann Arbor, Michigan: University of Michigan Press. pp. 113–55. ISBN 978-0-472-05083-3. OCLC 671655107 – via Project MUSE. Mari Yoshihara. Embracing the East: White Women and American Orientalism. (New York: Oxford University Press, 2003). ISBN 019514533X Karen J. Leong. The China Mystique: Pearl S. Buck, Anna May Wong, Mayling Soong, and the Transformation of American Orientalism (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2005). ISBN 0520244222 Theodore F. Harris (in consultation with Pearl S. Buck), Pearl S. Buck: a Biography (John Day, 1969. ISBN 978-0-381-98113-6) Theodore F. Harris (in consultation with Pearl S. Buck), Pearl S. Buck; a biography. Volume two: Her philosophy as expressed in her letters (John Day, 1971. ASIN B002BAA2PU) External links[edit] Wikiquote has quotations related to: Pearl S. Buck Wikimedia Commons has media related to Pearl S. Buck. Pearl S. Buck fuller bibliography at WorldCat The Pearl S. Buck Birthplace in Pocahontas County West Virginia Pearl S. Buck International The Zhenjiang Pearl S. Buck Research Association, China (in Chinese & English) Pearl Buck on Nobelprize.org University of Pennsylvania website dedicated to Pearl S. Buck Petri Liukkonen. "Pearl S. Buck". Books and Writers Pearl S. Buck on IMDb National Trust for Historic Preservation on the Pearl S. Buck House Restoration Pearl Buck interviewed by Mike Wallace on The Mike Wallace Interview February 8, 1958 "Pearl S. Buck 5 cent issue". Great Americans series. Smithsonian Institution National Postal Museum. Archived from the original on 20 September 2006. Retrieved 10 March 2012. Pearl S. Buck at Find a Grave The Pearl S. Buck Literary Manuscripts and Other Collections at the West Virginia & Regional History Collection, WVU Libraries FBI Records: The Vault – Pearl Buck at fbi.gov Spring, Kelly. "Pearl Buck". National Women's History Museum. Presentation by Peter Conn on Pearl S. Buck: A Cultural Biography, March 5, 1997, C-SPAN A House Divided Manuscript at Dartmouth College Library v t e Pearl S. Buck Novels East Wind: West Wind (1930) The Good Earth (1931) Sons (1933) The Mother (1934) A House Divided (1935) China Sky (1941) Dragon Seed (1942) Peony (1948) The Big Wave (1948) Imperial Woman (1956) Letter from Peking (1957) The Living Reed (1963) Biographies The Exile (1936) Fighting Angel (1936) Museums Pearl S. Buck Birthplace Green Hills Farm People Absalom Sydenstricker (father) Edgar Sydenstricker (brother) John Lossing Buck (husband) v t e Laureates of the Nobel Prize in Literature 1901–1925 1901: Sully Prudhomme 1902: Theodor Mommsen 1903: Bjørnstjerne Bjørnson 1904: Frédéric Mistral / José Echegaray 1905: Henryk Sienkiewicz 1906: Giosuè Carducci 1907: Rudyard Kipling 1908: Rudolf Eucken 1909: Selma Lagerlöf 1910: Paul Heyse 1911: Maurice Maeterlinck 1912: Gerhart Hauptmann 1913: Rabindranath Tagore 1914 1915: Romain Rolland 1916: Verner von Heidenstam 1917: Karl Gjellerup / Henrik Pontoppidan 1918 1919: Carl Spitteler 1920: Knut Hamsun 1921: Anatole France 1922: Jacinto Benavente 1923: W. B. Yeats 1924: Władysław Reymont 1925: George Bernard Shaw 1926–1950 1926: Grazia Deledda 1927: Henri Bergson 1928: Sigrid Undset 1929: Thomas Mann 1930: Sinclair Lewis 1931: Erik Axel Karlfeldt 1932: John Galsworthy 1933: Ivan Bunin 1934: Luigi Pirandello 1935 1936: Eugene O'Neill 1937: Roger Martin du Gard 1938: Pearl S. Buck 1939: Frans Eemil Sillanpää 1940 1941 1942 1943 1944: Johannes V. Jensen 1945: Gabriela Mistral 1946: Hermann Hesse 1947: André Gide 1948: T. S. Eliot 1949: William Faulkner 1950: Bertrand Russell 1951–1975 1951: Pär Lagerkvist 1952: François Mauriac 1953: Winston Churchill 1954: Ernest Hemingway 1955: Halldór Laxness 1956: Juan Ramón Jiménez 1957: Albert Camus 1958: Boris Pasternak 1959: Salvatore Quasimodo 1960: Saint-John Perse 1961: Ivo Andrić 1962: John Steinbeck 1963: Giorgos Seferis 1964: Jean-Paul Sartre (declined award) 1965: Mikhail Sholokhov 1966: Shmuel Yosef Agnon / Nelly Sachs 1967: Miguel Ángel Asturias 1968: Yasunari Kawabata 1969: Samuel Beckett 1970: Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn 1971: Pablo Neruda 1972: Heinrich Böll 1973: Patrick White 1974: Eyvind Johnson / Harry Martinson 1975: Eugenio Montale 1976–2000 1976: Saul Bellow 1977: Vicente Aleixandre 1978: Isaac Bashevis Singer 1979: Odysseas Elytis 1980: Czesław Miłosz 1981: Elias Canetti 1982: Gabriel García Márquez 1983: William Golding 1984: Jaroslav Seifert 1985: Claude Simon 1986: Wole Soyinka 1987: Joseph Brodsky 1988: Naguib Mahfouz 1989: Camilo José Cela 1990: Octavio Paz 1991: Nadine Gordimer 1992: Derek Walcott 1993: Toni Morrison 1994: Kenzaburō Ōe 1995: Seamus Heaney 1996: Wisława Szymborska 1997: Dario Fo 1998: José Saramago 1999: Günter Grass 2000: Gao Xingjian 2001–present 2001: V. S. Naipaul 2002: Imre Kertész 2003: J. M. Coetzee 2004: Elfriede Jelinek 2005: Harold Pinter 2006: Orhan Pamuk 2007: Doris Lessing 2008: J. M. G. Le Clézio 2009: Herta Müller 2010: Mario Vargas Llosa 2011: Tomas Tranströmer 2012: Mo Yan 2013: Alice Munro 2014: Patrick Modiano 2015: Svetlana Alexievich 2016: Bob Dylan 2017: Kazuo Ishiguro 2018: Olga Tokarczuk 2019: Peter Handke 2020: Louise Glück v t e 1938 Nobel Prize laureates Chemistry Richard Kuhn (Germany) Literature Pearl S. Buck (United States) Peace Nansen International Office For Refugees (Switzerland) Physics Enrico Fermi (Italy) Physiology or Medicine Corneille Heymans (Belgium) Nobel Prize recipients 1990 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 2000 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 v t e Pulitzer Prize for Fiction 1918–1925 His Family by Ernest Poole (1918) The Magnificent Ambersons by Booth Tarkington (1919) The Age of Innocence by Edith Wharton (1921) Alice Adams by Booth Tarkington (1922) One of Ours by Willa Cather (1923) The Able McLaughlins by Margaret Wilson (1924) So Big by Edna Ferber (1925) 1926–1950 Arrowsmith by Sinclair Lewis (declined) (1926) Early Autumn by Louis Bromfield (1927) The Bridge of San Luis Rey by Thornton Wilder (1928) Scarlet Sister Mary by Julia Peterkin (1929) Laughing Boy by Oliver La Farge (1930) Years of Grace by Margaret Ayer Barnes (1931) The Good Earth by Pearl S. Buck (1932) The Store by Thomas Sigismund Stribling (1933) Lamb in His Bosom by Caroline Pafford Miller (1934) Now in November by Josephine Winslow Johnson (1935) Honey in the Horn by Harold L. Davis (1936) Gone with the Wind by Margaret Mitchell (1937) The Late George Apley by John Phillips Marquand (1938) The Yearling by Marjorie Kinnan Rawlings (1939) The Grapes of Wrath by John Steinbeck (1940) In This Our Life by Ellen Glasgow (1942) Dragon's Teeth by Upton Sinclair (1943) Journey in the Dark by Martin Flavin (1944) A Bell for Adano by John Hersey (1945) All the King's Men by Robert Penn Warren (1947) Tales of the South Pacific by James A. Michener (1948) Guard of Honor by James Gould Cozzens (1949) The Way West by A. B. Guthrie Jr. (1950) 1951–1975 The Town by Conrad Richter (1951) The Caine Mutiny by Herman Wouk (1952) The Old Man and the Sea by Ernest Hemingway (1953) A Fable by William Faulkner (1955) Andersonville by MacKinlay Kantor (1956) A Death in the Family by James Agee (1958) The Travels of Jaimie McPheeters by Robert Lewis Taylor (1959) Advise and Consent by Allen Drury (1960) To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee (1961) The Edge of Sadness by Edwin O'Connor (1962) The Reivers by William Faulkner (1963) The Keepers of the House by Shirley Ann Grau (1965) The Collected Stories of Katherine Anne Porter by Katherine Anne Porter (1966) The Fixer by Bernard Malamud (1967) The Confessions of Nat Turner by William Styron (1968) House Made of Dawn by N. Scott Momaday (1969) The Collected Stories of Jean Stafford by Jean Stafford (1970) Angle of Repose by Wallace Stegner (1972) The Optimist's Daughter by Eudora Welty (1973) No award given (1974) The Killer Angels by Michael Shaara (1975) 1976–2000 Humboldt's Gift by Saul Bellow (1976) No award given (1977) Elbow Room by James Alan McPherson (1978) The Stories of John Cheever by John Cheever (1979) The Executioner's Song by Norman Mailer (1980) A Confederacy of Dunces by John Kennedy Toole (1981) Rabbit Is Rich by John Updike (1982) The Color Purple by Alice Walker (1983) Ironweed by William Kennedy (1984) Foreign Affairs by Alison Lurie (1985) Lonesome Dove by Larry McMurtry (1986) A Summons to Memphis by Peter Taylor (1987) Beloved by Toni Morrison (1988) Breathing Lessons by Anne Tyler (1989) The Mambo Kings Play Songs of Love by Oscar Hijuelos (1990) Rabbit at Rest by John Updike (1991) A Thousand Acres by Jane Smiley (1992) A Good Scent from a Strange Mountain by Robert Olen Butler (1993) The Shipping News by E. Annie Proulx (1994) The Stone Diaries by Carol Shields (1995) Independence Day by Richard Ford (1996) Martin Dressler: The Tale of an American Dreamer by Steven Millhauser (1997) American Pastoral by Philip Roth (1998) The Hours by Michael Cunningham (1999) Interpreter of Maladies by Jhumpa Lahiri (2000) 2001–present The Amazing Adventures of Kavalier & Clay by Michael Chabon (2001) Empire Falls by Richard Russo (2002) Middlesex by Jeffrey Eugenides (2003) The Known World by Edward P. Jones (2004) Gilead by Marilynne Robinson (2005) March by Geraldine Brooks (2006) The Road by Cormac McCarthy (2007) The Brief Wondrous Life of Oscar Wao by Junot Díaz (2008) Olive Kitteridge by Elizabeth Strout (2009) Tinkers by Paul Harding (2010) A Visit from the Goon Squad by Jennifer Egan (2011) No award given (2012) The Orphan Master's Son by Adam Johnson (2013) The Goldfinch by Donna Tartt (2014) All the Light We Cannot See by Anthony Doerr (2015) The Sympathizer by Viet Thanh Nguyen (2016) The Underground Railroad by Colson Whitehead (2017) Less by Andrew Sean Greer (2018) The Overstory by Richard Powers (2019) The Nickel Boys by Colson Whitehead (2020) v t e Inductees to the National Women's Hall of Fame 1970–1979 1973 Jane Addams Marian Anderson Susan B. Anthony Clara Barton Mary McLeod Bethune Elizabeth Blackwell Pearl S. Buck Rachel Carson Mary Cassatt Emily Dickinson Amelia Earhart Alice Hamilton Helen Hayes Helen Keller Eleanor Roosevelt Florence Sabin Margaret Chase Smith Elizabeth Cady Stanton Helen Brooke Taussig Harriet Tubman 1976 Abigail Adams Margaret Mead Mildred "Babe" Didrikson Zaharias 1979 Dorothea Dix Juliette Gordon Low Alice Paul Elizabeth Bayley Seton 1980–1989 1981 Margaret Sanger Sojourner Truth 1982 Carrie Chapman Catt Frances Perkins 1983 Belva Lockwood Lucretia Mott 1984 Mary "Mother" Harris Jones Bessie Smith 1986 Barbara McClintock Lucy Stone Harriet Beecher Stowe 1988 Gwendolyn Brooks Willa Cather Sally Ride Ida B. Wells-Barnett 1990–1999 1990 Margaret Bourke-White Barbara Jordan Billie Jean King Florence B. Seibert 1991 Gertrude Belle Elion 1993 Ethel Percy Andrus Antoinette Blackwell Emily Blackwell Shirley Chisholm Jacqueline Cochran Ruth Colvin Marian Wright Edelman Alice Evans Betty Friedan Ella Grasso Martha Wright Griffiths Fannie Lou Hamer Dorothy Height Dolores Huerta Mary Putnam Jacobi Mae Jemison Mary Lyon Mary Mahoney Wilma Mankiller Constance Baker Motley Georgia O'Keeffe Annie Oakley Rosa Parks Esther Peterson Jeannette Rankin Ellen Swallow Richards Elaine Roulet Katherine Siva Saubel Gloria Steinem Helen Stephens Lillian Wald Madam C. J. Walker Faye Wattleton Rosalyn S. Yalow Gloria Yerkovich 1994 Bella Abzug Ella Baker Myra Bradwell Annie Jump Cannon Jane Cunningham Croly Catherine East Geraldine Ferraro Charlotte Perkins Gilman Grace Hopper Helen LaKelly Hunt Zora Neale Hurston Anne Hutchinson Frances Wisebart Jacobs Susette La Flesche Louise McManus Maria Mitchell Antonia Novello Linda Richards Wilma Rudolph Betty Bone Schiess Muriel Siebert Nettie Stevens Oprah Winfrey Sarah Winnemucca Fanny Wright 1995 Virginia Apgar Ann Bancroft Amelia Bloomer Mary Breckinridge Eileen Collins Elizabeth Hanford Dole Anne Dallas Dudley Mary Baker Eddy Ella Fitzgerald Margaret Fuller Matilda Joslyn Gage Lillian Moller Gilbreth Nannerl O. Keohane Maggie Kuhn Sandra Day O'Connor Josephine St. Pierre Ruffin Pat Schroeder Hannah Greenebaum Solomon 1996 Louisa May Alcott Charlotte Anne Bunch Frances Xavier Cabrini Mary A. Hallaren Oveta Culp Hobby Wilhelmina Cole Holladay Anne Morrow Lindbergh Maria Goeppert Mayer Ernestine Louise Potowski Rose Maria Tallchief Edith Wharton 1998 Madeleine Albright Maya Angelou Nellie Bly Lydia Moss Bradley Mary Steichen Calderone Mary Ann Shadd Cary Joan Ganz Cooney Gerty Cori Sarah Grimké Julia Ward Howe Shirley Ann Jackson Shannon Lucid Katharine Dexter McCormick Rozanne L. Ridgway Edith Nourse Rogers Felice Schwartz Eunice Kennedy Shriver Beverly Sills Florence Wald Angelina Grimké Weld Chien-Shiung Wu 2000–2009 2000 Faye Glenn Abdellah Emma Smith DeVoe Marjory Stoneman Douglas Mary Dyer Sylvia A. Earle Crystal Eastman Jeanne Holm Leontine T. Kelly Frances Oldham Kelsey Kate Mullany Janet Reno Anna Howard Shaw Sophia Smith Ida Tarbell Wilma L. Vaught Mary Edwards Walker Annie Dodge Wauneka Eudora Welty Frances E. Willard 2001 Dorothy H. Andersen Lucille Ball Rosalynn Carter Lydia Maria Child Bessie Coleman Dorothy Day Marian de Forest Althea Gibson Beatrice A. Hicks Barbara Holdridge Harriet Williams Russell Strong Emily Howell Warner Victoria Woodhull 2002 Paulina Kellogg Wright Davis Ruth Bader Ginsburg Katharine Graham Bertha Holt Mary Engle Pennington Mercy Otis Warren 2003 Linda G. Alvarado Donna de Varona Gertrude Ederle Martha Matilda Harper Patricia Roberts Harris Stephanie L. Kwolek Dorothea Lange Mildred Robbins Leet Patsy Takemoto Mink Sacagawea Anne Sullivan Sheila E. Widnall 2005 Florence Ellinwood Allen Ruth Fulton Benedict Betty Bumpers Hillary Clinton Rita Rossi Colwell Mother Marianne Cope Maya Y. Lin Patricia A. Locke Blanche Stuart Scott Mary Burnett Talbert 2007 Eleanor K. Baum Julia Child Martha Coffin Pelham Wright Swanee Hunt Winona LaDuke Elisabeth Kübler-Ross Judith L. Pipher Catherine Filene Shouse Henrietta Szold 2009 Louise Bourgeois Mildred Cohn Karen DeCrow Susan Kelly-Dreiss Allie B. Latimer Emma Lazarus Ruth Patrick Rebecca Talbot Perkins Susan Solomon Kate Stoneman 2010–2019 2011 St. Katharine Drexel Dorothy Harrison Eustis Loretta C. Ford Abby Kelley Foster Helen Murray Free Billie Holiday Coretta Scott King Lilly Ledbetter Barbara A. Mikulski Donna E. Shalala Kathrine Switzer 2013 Betty Ford Ina May Gaskin Julie Krone Kate Millett Nancy Pelosi Mary Joseph Rogers Bernice Sandler Anna Schwartz Emma Willard 2015 Tenley Albright Nancy Brinker Martha Graham Marcia Greenberger Barbara Iglewski Jean Kilbourne Carlotta Walls LaNier Philippa Marrack Mary Harriman Rumsey Eleanor Smeal 2017 Matilda Cuomo Temple Grandin Lorraine Hansberry Victoria Jackson Sherry Lansing Clare Boothe Luce Aimee Mullins Carol Mutter Janet Rowley Alice Waters 2019 Gloria Allred Angela Davis Sarah Deer Jane Fonda Nicole Malachowski Rose O'Neill Louise Slaughter Sonia Sotomayor Laurie Spiegel Flossie Wong-Staal v t e Protestant missions to China Background Protestantism in China Chinese history Missions timeline Christianity in China Nestorians Jesuits Protestant missions in China 1807–1953 People David Howard Adeney Roland Allen Thomas J. Arnold Gladys Aylward William Jones Boone John Birch Pearl S. Buck John Burdon Hedley Bunton Thomas Cochrane Hunter Corbett Jonathan Goforth Frederick Graves Karl Gützlaff Francis Hanson Laura Askew Haygood Elizabeth G. K. Hewat Jennie V. Hughes Robert A. Jaffray Carl C. Jeremiassen Griffith John Walter Judd James Legge Eric Liddell Robert Samuel Maclay Lottie Moon Robert Morrison George Moule Gideon Nye David Paton Karl Ludvig Reichelt Timothy Richard Issachar Jacox Roberts Charles Scott Cambridge Seven George Smith Vincent John Stanton John Leighton Stuart Hudson Taylor Thomas Torrance William C. White (more missionaries) Missionary agencies OMF International/China Inland Mission LMS ABCFM CMS MEM PECM US Presbyterian Mission National Christian Council (more agencies) Impact Bible translations into Chinese Medical missions in China Manchurian revival Chinese Christian colleges Chinese hymnody Chinese Roman Type Minnan Roman Type Foochow Roman Type Anti-footbinding Anti-opium Pivotal events Taiping Rebellion First Opium War Second Opium War Unequal treaty Yangzhou riot Tianjin Massacre Kucheng Massacre Boxer Crisis 1911 Revolution Chinese Civil War Second Sino-Japanese War People's Republic Publications Chinese Recorder and Missionary Journal Authority control BIBSYS: 90155030 BNC: 000034696 BNE: XX1155316 BNF: cb11894443w (data) CANTIC: a10751762 CiNii: DA00818862 GND: 118516817 ISNI: 0000 0001 2143 5319 LCCN: n79026662 LNB: 000046425 NARA: 10580783 NDL: 00434713 NKC: jn19990001184 NLA: 35023364 NLG: 64021 NLI: 000026163 NLK: KAC199603828 NLP: A12054835 NSK: 000100325 NTA: 068535201 PLWABN: 9810561306705606 RERO: 02-A003054418 RSL: 000157426 SELIBR: 179612 SNAC: w66w9g8f SUDOC: 026758083 Trove: 797324 VcBA: 495/320109 VIAF: 91868694 WorldCat Identities: lccn-n79026662 Biography portal China portal Literature portal Philadelphia portal Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pearl_S._Buck&oldid=996668885" Categories: 1892 births 1973 deaths 20th-century American novelists 20th-century American women writers Activists from West Virginia American autobiographers American expatriates in China American historical novelists American human rights activists American Nobel laureates American Presbyterian missionaries Female Christian missionaries American women non-fiction writers American women novelists Children of American missionaries in China Christian novelists Cornell University alumni Members of the Society of Woman Geographers Nanjing University faculty Nobel laureates in Literature Novelists from Pennsylvania Novelists from West 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