Flannery O'Connor - Wikipedia Flannery O'Connor From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to navigation Jump to search American novelist, short story writer Flannery O'Connor Born Mary Flannery O'Connor (1925-03-25)March 25, 1925 Savannah, Georgia, US Died August 3, 1964(1964-08-03) (aged 39) Milledgeville, Georgia, US Resting place Memory Hill Cemetery, Milledgeville, Georgia[1] Occupation Novelist short story writer essayist Period 1946–1964 Genre Southern Gothic Subject Morality Catholicism grace transcendence Literary movement Christian realism Notable works Wise Blood The Violent Bear It Away A Good Man Is Hard to Find Mary Flannery O'Connor (March 25, 1925 – August 3, 1964) was an American novelist, short story writer and essayist. She wrote two novels and thirty-two short stories, as well as a number of reviews and commentaries. She was a Southern writer who often wrote in a sardonic Southern Gothic style and relied heavily on regional settings and grotesque characters, often in violent situations. The unsentimental acceptance or rejection of the limitations or imperfection or difference of these characters (whether attributed to disability, race, crime, religion or sanity) typically underpins the drama.[2] Her writing reflected her Roman Catholic faith and frequently examined questions of morality and ethics. Her posthumously compiled Complete Stories won the 1972 U.S. National Book Award for Fiction and has been the subject of enduring praise. Contents 1 Early life and education 2 Career 3 Characteristics 4 Illness and death 5 Letters 6 Catholicism 7 Enjoyment of birds 8 Legacy, awards, and tributes 9 Works 9.1 Novels 9.2 Short story collections 9.3 Other works 10 References 10.1 Citations 10.2 Works cited 11 Further reading 11.1 General 11.2 Biographies 11.3 Criticism and Cultural Impact 11.4 Scholarly guides 12 External links 12.1 Library resources Early life and education[edit] O'Connor's childhood home in Savannah, Georgia O'Connor was born on March 25, 1925, in Savannah, Georgia, the only child of Edward Francis O'Connor, a real estate agent, and Regina Cline, who were both of Irish descent.[3][4] As an adult, she remembered herself as a "pigeon-toed child with a receding chin and a you-leave-me-alone-or-I'll-bite-you complex."[5] The Flannery O'Connor Childhood Home museum is located at 207 E. Charlton Street on Lafayette Square. O'Connor and her family moved to Milledgeville, Georgia, in 1940 to live on Andalusia Farm,[6] which is now a museum dedicated to O'Connor's work.[7] In 1937, her father was diagnosed with systemic lupus erythematosus; it led to his eventual death on February 1, 1941,[8] and O'Connor and her mother continued to live in Milledgeville.[9] O'Connor attended Peabody High School, where she worked as the school newspaper's art editor and from which she graduated in 1942.[10] She entered Georgia State College for Women (now Georgia College & State University) in an accelerated three-year program and graduated in June 1945 with a B.A. in sociology and English literature. While at Georgia College, she produced a significant amount of cartoon work for the student newspaper.[11][12] Many critics have claimed that the idiosyncratic style and approach of these early cartoons shaped her later fiction in important ways.[13][14] O'Connor with Arthur Koestler (left) and Robie Macauley on a visit to the Amana Colonies in 1947 In 1946, she was accepted into the prestigious Iowa Writers' Workshop at the University of Iowa, where she first went to study journalism. While there, she got to know several important writers and critics who lectured or taught in the program, among them Robert Penn Warren, John Crowe Ransom, Robie Macauley, Austin Warren and Andrew Lytle.[15] Lytle, for many years editor of the Sewanee Review, was one of the earliest admirers of her fiction. He later published several of her stories in the Sewanee Review, as well as critical essays on her work. Workshop director Paul Engle was the first to read and comment on the initial drafts of what would become Wise Blood. She received an M.F.A. from the University of Iowa in 1947.[16] During the summer of 1948, O'Connor continued to work on Wise Blood at Yaddo, an artists' community in Saratoga Springs, New York, where she also completed several short stories.[17] In 1949, O'Connor met and eventually accepted an invitation to stay with Robert Fitzgerald (a well-known translator of the classics) and his wife, Sally, in Ridgefield, Connecticut.[18] Career[edit] O'Connor is primarily known for her short stories. She published two books of short stories: A Good Man Is Hard to Find (1955) and Everything That Rises Must Converge (published posthumously in 1965). Many of O'Connor's short stories have been re-published in major anthologies, including The Best American Short Stories and Prize Stories.[19] O'Connor's two novels are Wise Blood (1952) (made into a film by John Huston) and The Violent Bear It Away (1960). She also has had several books of her other writings published, and her enduring influence is attested by a growing body of scholarly studies of her work. Fragments exist of an unfinished novel tentatively titled Why Do the Heathen Rage? that draws from several of her short stories, including "Why Do the Heathen Rage?," "The Enduring Chill," and "The Partridge Festival." Her writing career can be divided into four five-year periods of increasing skill and ambition, 1945 to 1964: Postgraduate Student: Iowa Writers' Workshop, first published stories, drafts of Wise Blood. Literary influences include Nathaniel Hawthorne, Edgar Allan Poe, Henry James Early: Wise Blood completed and published. In this period, satirical elements dominate. Influences include Jacques Maritain Middle: A Good Man Is Hard to Find published, The Violent Bear It Away written and published. Influences include Friedrich von Hügel. In this period, the mystical undercurrents begin to have primacy. Mature: Everything That Rises Must Converge written. Influences include Pierre Teilhard de Chardin and Mary Anne Long. In this period, the notion of grotesque is expanded to include the good as grotesque, and the grotesque as good. Characteristics[edit] Regarding her emphasis of the grotesque, O'Connor said: "anything that comes out of the South is going to be called grotesque by the northern reader, unless it is grotesque, in which case it is going to be called realistic."[20] Her texts usually take place in the South[21] and revolve around morally flawed characters, frequently interacting with people with disabilities or disabled themselves (as O'Connor was), while the issue of race often appears in the background. Most of her works feature disturbing elements, though she did not like to be characterized as cynical. "I am mighty tired of reading reviews that call A Good Man brutal and sarcastic," she wrote.[22] "The stories are hard but they are hard because there is nothing harder or less sentimental than Christian realism. ...When I see these stories described as horror stories I am always amused because the reviewer always has hold of the wrong horror."[22] She felt deeply informed by the sacramental and by the Thomist notion that the created world is charged with God. Yet she did not write apologetic fiction of the kind prevalent in the Catholic literature of the time, explaining that a writer's meaning must be evident in his or her fiction without didacticism. She wrote ironic, subtly allegorical fiction about deceptively backward Southern characters, usually fundamentalist Protestants, who undergo transformations of character that, to her thinking, brought them closer to the Catholic mind. The transformation is often accomplished through pain, violence, and ludicrous behavior in the pursuit of the holy. However grotesque the setting, she tried to portray her characters as open to the touch of divine grace. This ruled out a sentimental understanding of the stories' violence, as of her own illness. She wrote: "Grace changes us and the change is painful."[23] She also had a deeply sardonic sense of humor, often based in the disparity between her characters' limited perceptions and the awesome fate awaiting them. Another source of humor is frequently found in the attempt of well-meaning liberals to cope with the rural South on their own terms. O'Connor used such characters' inability to come to terms with disability, race, poverty, and fundamentalism, other than in sentimental illusions, as an example of the failure of the secular world in the twentieth century. However, in several stories O'Connor explored some of the most sensitive contemporary issues that her liberal and fundamentalist characters might encounter. She addressed the Holocaust in her story "The Displaced Person", racial integration in "Everything That Rises Must Converge" and intersexuality in "A Temple of the Holy Ghost." Her fiction often included references to the problem of race in the South; occasionally, racial issues come to the forefront, as in "The Artificial Nigger," "Everything that Rises Must Converge," and "Judgement Day," her last short story and a drastically rewritten version of her first published story, "The Geranium." Despite her secluded life, her writing reveals an uncanny grasp of the nuances of human behavior. O'Connor gave many lectures on faith and literature, traveling quite far despite her frail health. Politically, she maintained a broadly progressive outlook in connection with her faith, voting for John F. Kennedy in 1960 and supporting the work of Martin Luther King Jr. and the civil rights movement.[24] Nevertheless, she wrote in a letter to Maryat Lee 3rd May, 1964, “You know, I’m an integrationist by principle & a segregationist by taste anyway. I don’t like negroes. They all give me a pain and the more of them I see, the less and less I like them. Particularly the new kind.” [25] Illness and death[edit] Andalusia Farm, where O'Connor lived from 1952 to 1964 By the summer of 1952, O'Connor was diagnosed with systemic lupus erythematosus (lupus),[26] as her father had been before her.[8] Subsequently, she returned to the family farm, Andalusia, in Milledgeville, Georgia.[15] O'Connor lived for twelve years after her diagnosis, seven years longer than expected. Her daily routine was to attend Mass , write in the morning, then spend the rest of the day recuperating and reading. Despite the debilitating effects of the steroid drugs used to treat O'Connor's lupus, she nonetheless made over sixty appearances at lectures to read her works.[15] O'Connor completed more than two dozen short stories and two novels while suffering from lupus. She died on August 3, 1964, at the age of 39 in Baldwin County Hospital.[15] Her death was caused by complications from a new attack of lupus following surgery for a fibroma.[15] She was buried in Milledgeville, Georgia,[27] at Memory Hill Cemetery.[15][28] Letters[edit] Throughout her life, O'Connor maintained a wide correspondence,[29] including with writers Robert Lowell and Elizabeth Bishop,[30] English professor Samuel Ashley Brown,[30] and playwright Maryat Lee.[31] After her death, a selection of her letters, edited by her friend Sally Fitzgerald, was published as The Habit of Being.[32][30] Much of O'Connor's best-known writing on religion, writing, and the South is contained in these and other letters.[citation needed] In 1955, Betty Hester, an Atlanta file clerk, wrote O'Connor a letter expressing admiration for her work.[32] Hester's letter drew O'Connor's attention,[33] and they corresponded frequently.[32] For The Habit of Being, Hester provided Fitzgerald with all the letters she received from O'Connor but requested that her identity be kept private; she was identified only as "A."[22] The complete collection of the unedited letters between O'Connor and Hester was unveiled by Emory University in May 2007; the letters had been given to the university in 1987 with the stipulation that they not be released to the public for 20 years.[32][21] Emory University also contains the more than 600 letters O'Connor wrote to her mother, Regina, nearly every day while she was pursuing her literary career in Iowa City, New York, and Massachusetts. Some of these describe "travel itineraries and plumbing mishaps, ripped stockings and roommates with loud radios," as well as her request for the homemade mayonnaise of her childhood.[34] O'Connor lived with her mother for 34 of her 39 years of life. Catholicism[edit] O'Connor was a devout Catholic. From 1956 through 1964, she wrote more than one hundred book reviews for two Catholic diocesan newspapers in Georgia: The Bulletin and The Southern Cross.[35] According to fellow reviewer Joey Zuber, the wide range of books she chose to review demonstrated that she was profoundly intellectual.[36][page needed] Her reviews consistently confronted theological and ethical themes in books written by the most serious and demanding theologians of her time.[37] Professor of English Carter Martin, an authority on O'Connor's writings, notes simply that her "book reviews are at one with her religious life."[37] A prayer journal O'Connor had kept during her time at the University of Iowa was published in 2013.[38] It included prayers and ruminations on faith, writing, and O'Connor's relationship with God.[39][38][40] Enjoyment of birds[edit] O'Connor frequently used bird imagery within her fiction. When she was six, living in a house still standing (now preserved as the Flannery O'Connor Childhood Home), O'Connor experienced her first brush with celebrity status. Pathé News filmed "Little Mary O'Connor" with her trained chicken[41] and showed the film around the country. She said: "When I was six I had a chicken that walked backward and was in the Pathé News. I was in it too with the chicken. I was just there to assist the chicken but it was the high point in my life. Everything since has been an anticlimax."[42] In high school, when the girls were required to sew Sunday dresses for themselves, O'Connor sewed a full outfit of underwear and clothes to fit her pet duck and brought the duck to school to model it.[43] As an adult at Andalusia, she raised and nurtured some 100 peafowl. Fascinated by birds of all kinds, she raised ducks, ostriches, emus, toucans, and any sort of exotic bird she could obtain, while incorporating images of peacocks into her books. She described her peacocks in an essay entitled "The King of the Birds". Legacy, awards, and tributes[edit] O'Connor's Complete Stories won the 1972 U.S. National Book Award for Fiction[44] and, in a 2009 online poll, was named the best book ever to have won the National Book Awards.[45] In June 2015, the United States Postal Service honored O'Connor with a new postage stamp, the 30th issuance in the Literary Arts series.[46] Some criticized the stamp as failing to reflect O'Connor's character and legacy.[47][48] The Flannery O'Connor Award for Short Fiction, named in honor of O'Connor by the University of Georgia Press, is a prize given annually since 1983 to an outstanding collection of short stories.[49] The Flannery O'Connor Book Trail is a series of Little Free Libraries stretching between O'Connor's homes in Savannah and Milledgeville.[50] The Flannery O'Connor Childhood Home is a historic house museum in Savannah, Georgia, where O'Connor lived during her childhood.[51] In addition to serving as a museum, the house hosts regular events and programs.[51] Bono of U2 quotes "Where you come from is gone, where you thought you were going to never was there, and where you are is no good unless you can get away from it" from 'Wise Blood' during recent live performances of Exit (U2 song) Works[edit] Main article: Flannery O'Connor bibliography Novels[edit] Wise Blood (1952) The Violent Bear It Away (1960) Short story collections[edit] A Good Man Is Hard to Find and Other Stories (1955) Everything That Rises Must Converge (1965) The Complete Stories (1971) Other works[edit] Mystery and Manners: Occasional Prose (1961) The Habit of Being: Letters of Flannery O'Connor (1979) The Presence of Grace: and Other Book Reviews (1983) Flannery O'Connor: Collected Works (1988) Flannery O'Connor: The Cartoons (2012) A Prayer Journal (2013) References[edit] Citations[edit] ^ "Flannery O'Connor Buried". The New York Times. August 5, 1964. ^ Basselin, Timothy J. (2013). Flannery O'Connor: Writing a Theology of Disabled Humanity. baylorpress.com. ^ O'Connor 1979, p. 3; O'Connor 1979, p. 233: "My papa was a real-estate man" (letter to Elizabeth Fenwick Way, August 4, 1957); Gooch 2009, p. 29. ^ "Focus on Flannery O'Connor at Write by the Sea". independent. Retrieved March 13, 2020. ^ Gooch 2009, p. 30; Bailey, Blake, "Between the House and the Chicken Yard", Virginia Quarterly Review (Spring 2009): 202–205, archived from the original on June 2, 2016. ^ "Flannery O'Connor". Andalusia Farm. Archived from the original on April 17, 2016. Retrieved May 12, 2016. ^ "Andalusia Farm – Home of Flannery O'Connor". Andalusia Farm. Retrieved March 4, 2016. ^ a b Giannone 2012, p. 23. ^ O'Connor 1979, p. 3. ^ Gooch 2009, p. 76. ^ Wild, Peter (July 5, 2011). "A Fresh Look at Flannery O'Connor: You May know Her Prose, but Have You Seen Her Cartoons?". Books blog. The Guardian. Archived from the original on March 15, 2016. Retrieved May 13, 2016. ^ Heintjes, Tom (June 27, 2014). "Flannery O'Connor, Cartoonist". Hogan's Alley. Archived from the original on March 16, 2016. Retrieved May 12, 2016. ^ Moser, Barry (July 6, 2012). "Flannery O'Connor, Cartoonist". The New York Review of Books. Retrieved March 12, 2019. ^ 1952-, Gooch, Brad (2009). Flannery : a life of Flannery O'Connor (1st ed.). New York: Little, Brown and Co. ISBN 9780316000666. OCLC 225870348.CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) ^ a b c d e f Gordon, Sarah (December 8, 2015) [Originally published July 10, 2002]. "Flannery O'Connor". New Georgia Encyclopedia. Georgia Humanities Council. Archived from the original on March 14, 2016. Retrieved May 13, 2016. ^ Fitzgerald 1965, p. xii. ^ Gooch 2009, pp. 146–52. ^ O'Connor 1979, p. 4. ^ Farmer, David (1981). Flannery O'Connor: A Descriptive Bibliography. New York: Garland Publishing. ^ O'Connor 1969, p. 40. ^ a b Enniss, Steve (May 12, 2007). "Flannery O'Connor's Private Life Revealed in Letters". National Public Radio (Interview). Interviewed by Jacki Lyden. Archived from the original on May 9, 2016. Retrieved May 13, 2016. ^ a b c O'Connor 1979, p. 90. ^ O'Connor 1979, p. 307. ^ Spivey, Ted R. (1997). Flannery O'Connor: The Woman, the Thinker, the Visionary. Mercer University Press. p. 60. ^ Elie, Paul (June 15, 2020). "How Racist Was Flannery O'Connor?". The New Yorker. ^ O'Connor 1979, p. 40 (letter to Sally Fitzgerald, undated, summer 1952) ^ Fitzgerald 1965, p. viii. ^ "Flannery O'Connor". Find a Grave. Archived from the original on December 11, 2015. Retrieved May 24, 2016. ^ O'Connor 1979, pp. xii–xiv, xvi, xvii. ^ a b c O'Connor 1979 passim. ^ O'Connor 1979, p. 193: "There are no other letters among Flannery's like those to Maryat Lee, none so playful and so often slambang." ^ a b c d Young, Alec T. (Autumn 2007). "Flannery's Friend: Emory Unseals Letters from O'Connor to Longtime Correspondent Betty Hester". Emory Magazine. Archived from the original on September 26, 2015. Retrieved May 15, 2016. ^ O'Connor 1979, p. 90: "You were very kind to write me and the measure of my appreciation must be to ask you to write me again. I would like to know who this is who understands my stories." ^ McCoy, Caroline (May 17, 2019). "Flannery O'Connor's Two Deepest Loves Were Mayonnaise and Her Mother". Literary Hub. ^ O'Connor 2008, p. 3. ^ Martin 1968. ^ a b O'Connor 2008, p. 4. ^ a b Robinson, Marilynne (November 15, 2013). "The Believer: Flannery O'Connor's 'Prayer Journal'". Sunday Book Review. The New York Times. Archived from the original on September 28, 2015. Retrieved May 17, 2016. ^ Cep, Casey N. (November 12, 2013). "Inheritance and Invention: Flannery O'Connor's Prayer Journal". The New Yorker. Archived from the original on May 14, 2016. Retrieved May 17, 2016. ^ O'Connor, Flannery (September 16, 2013). "My Dear God: A Young Writer's Prayers". Journals. The New Yorker. Archived from the original on November 24, 2015. Retrieved May 17, 2016. ^ O'Connor, Flannery (1932). Do You Reverse? (Motion picture). Pathé. ^ O'Connor & Magee 1987, p. 38. ^ Basselin, Timothy J. (2013). Flannery O'Connor: Writing a Theology of Disabled Humanity. baylorpress.com. p. 9. ^ "National Book Awards—1972". National Book Foundation. Archived from the original on April 23, 2016. Retrieved May 11, 2016. ^ Itzkoff, Dave (November 19, 2009). "Voters Choose Flannery O'Connor in National Book Award Poll". ArtsBeat (blog). The New York Times. Archived from the original on September 6, 2015. Retrieved May 11, 2016. ^ "Stamp Announcement 15-28: Flannery O'Connor Stamp". United States Postal Service. May 28, 2015. Archived from the original on October 28, 2015. Retrieved May 17, 2016. ^ Downes, Lawrence (June 4, 2015). "A Good Stamp Is Hard to Find". Opinion. The New York Times. Archived from the original on November 7, 2015. ^ "A Stamp of Good Fortune: Redesigning the Flannery O'Connor Postage". Work in Progress. Farrar, Straus and Giroux. July 2015. Archived from the original on April 8, 2016. [T]he soft focus portrait and oversized, decorative peacock feathers . . . do little to support the composition or speak to O'Connor as a literary force. And why do away with her signature cat-eye sunglasses? A 'soft focus' Flannery is at odds with her belief that, 'modern writers must often tell "perverse" stories to "shock" a morally blind world . . . It requires considerable courage not to turn away from the story-teller.' ^ "Complete List of Flannery O'Connor Award Winners". University of Georgia Press. Archived from the original on August 11, 2011. Retrieved May 17, 2016. ^ Lebos, Jessica Leign (December 31, 2014). "Southern Gothic: Flannery O'Connor Little Free Libraries". Community. Connect Savannah. Archived from the original on April 9, 2016. Retrieved May 17, 2016. ^ a b "About". FlanneryOConnorHome.org. 2015. Retrieved May 17, 2016. Works cited[edit] Fitzgerald, Robert (1965). Introduction. Everything That Rises Must Converge. By O'Connor, Flannery. Farrar, Straus and Giroux. ISBN 9780374504649. Giannone, Richard (2012). Flannery O'Connor, Hermit Novelist. University of South Carolina Press. ISBN 9781611172270. Gooch, Brad (2009). Flannery: A Life of Flannery O'Connor. Little, Brown, and Company. ISBN 9780316040655. Martin, Carter W. (1968). The True Country: Themes in the Fiction of Flannery O'Connor. Vanderbilt University Press. O'Connor, Flannery (1969). Fitzgerald, Sally; Fitzgerald, Robert (eds.). Mystery and Manners: Occasional Prose. Farrar, Straus and Giroux. ISBN 9780374508043. O'Connor, Flannery (1979). Fitzgerald, Sally (ed.). The Habit of Being: Letters of Flannery O'Connor. Farrar, Straus and Giroux. ISBN 9780374521042. O'Connor, Flannery; Magee, Rosemary M. (1987). Conversations with Flannery O'Connor. University of Missouri Press. ISBN 0-87805-265-8. O'Connor, Flannery (2008) [Originally published 1983]. Zuber, Leo; Martin, Carter W. (eds.). The Presence of Grace, and Other Book Reviews. University of Georgia Press. ISBN 978-0-8203-3139-3. Further reading[edit] General[edit] Enniss, Steve (May 12, 2007). "Flannery O'Connor's Private Life Revealed in Letters". National Public Radio (Interview). Interviewed by Jacki Lyden. Archived from the original on May 9, 2016. Retrieved May 13, 2016. Marshall, Nancy (April 28, 2008). "Andalusia: Photographs of Flannery O'Connor's Farm". Southern Spaces. 2008. doi:10.18737/M7GG60. McCulloch, Christine (October 23, 2008). "Glimpsing Andalusia in the O'Connor–Hester Letters". Southern Spaces. 2008. doi:10.18737/M7BS43. Wood, Ralph (November 20, 2009). "Flannery O'Connor". Religion & Ethics Newsweekly (Interview). Interviewed by Rafael Pi Roman. PBS. Biographies[edit] Bloom, Harold, ed. (2009). Flannery O'Connor. Infobase Publishing. ISBN 9781438128757. Cash, Jean W. (2003). Flannery O'Connor: A Life. University of Tennessee Press. ISBN 9781572333055. Murray, Lorraine V. (2009). The Abbess of Andalusia: A Spiritual Biography of Flannery O'Connor. Saint Benedict Press. ISBN 9781935302162. Criticism and Cultural Impact[edit] Basselin, Timothy J. (2013). Flannery O'Connor: Writing a Theology of Disability Humanity. Baylor University Press. ISBN 9781602583993. Bruner, Michael Mears (2017). A Subversive Gospel: Flannery O'Connor and the Reimaging of Beauty, Goodness and Truth. InterVarsity Press. ISBN 9780830850662. Westling, Louise (2008). Sacred Groves and Ravaged Gardens. University of Georgia Press. ISBN 9780820332024. Wood, Ralph (2004). Flannery O'Connor and the Christ-Haunted South. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Company. ISBN 9780802829993. Scholarly guides[edit] Scott, R. Neil (2002). Flannery O'Connor: An Annotated Reference Guide to Criticism. Timberlane Books. ISBN 9780971542808. Scott, R. Neil; Nye, Valerie (2002). Gordon, Sarah; Streight, Irwin Howard (eds.). Postmarked Milledgeville: A Guide to Flannery O'Connor's Correspondence in Libraries and Archives. Georgia College & State University. ISBN 9780971556706. External links[edit] Library resources about Flannery O'Connor Resources in your library Resources in other libraries By Flannery O'Connor Resources in your library Resources in other libraries The Flannery O'Connor Repository Works by Flannery O'Connor at Faded Page (Canada) Flannery O'Connor reads short story A Good Man is Hard to Find (audio) Flannery O'Connor introduction to lecture, on Southern Grotesque. Flanner O'Connor cartoons Library resources[edit] Postmarked Milledgeville, a guide to archival collections of O'Connor's letters Stuart A. Rose Manuscript, Archives, and Rare Book Library, Emory University: Flannery O'Connor papers, 1832-2003 Stuart A. Rose Manuscript, Archives, and Rare Book Library, Emory University: Flannery O'Connor collection, circa 1937-2003 Stuart A. Rose Manuscript, Archives, and Rare Book Library, Emory University: Letters to Betty Hester,1955-1964 v t e Flannery O'Connor (works) Novels Wise Blood (1952) The Violent Bear It Away (1960) Short story collections A Good Man Is Hard to Find (1955) "A Good Man is Hard to Find" "The River" "The Life You Save May Be Your Own" "A Stroke of Good Fortune" "A Temple of the Holy Ghost" "The Artificial Nigger" "A Circle in the Fire" "A Late Encounter with the Enemy" "Good Country People" "The Displaced Person" Everything That Rises Must Converge (1965) "Everything That Rises Must Converge" "Greenleaf" "A View of the Woods" "The Enduring Chill" "The Comforts of Home" "The Lame Shall Enter First" "Revelation" "Parker's Back" "Judgement Day" Previously unavailable stories included in The Complete Stories (1971) "The Geranium" "The Barber" "Wildcat" "The Crop" "The Turkey" "The Train" "The Peeler" "The Heart of the Park" "Enoch and the Gorilla" "You Can't Be Any Poorer Than Dead" "The Partridge Festival" "Why Do the Heathen Rage?" Related Flannery O'Connor Childhood Home Andalusia (estate) Flannery O'Connor Award for Short Fiction v t e National Book Award for Fiction (1950–1974) The Man with the Golden Arm by Nelson Algren (1950) Collected Stories of William Faulkner by William Faulkner (1951) From Here to Eternity by James Jones (1952) Invisible Man by Ralph Ellison (1953) The Adventures of Augie March by Saul Bellow (1954) A Fable by William Faulkner (1955) Ten North Frederick by John O'Hara (1956) The Field of Vision by Wright Morris (1957) The Wapshot Chronicle by John Cheever (1958) The Magic Barrel by Bernard Malamud (1959) Goodbye, Columbus by Philip Roth (1960) The Waters of Kronos by Conrad Richter (1961) The Moviegoer by Walker Percy (1962) Morte d'Urban by J. F. Powers (1963) The Centaur by John Updike (1964) Herzog by Saul Bellow (1965) The Collected Stories of Katherine Anne Porter by Katherine Anne Porter (1966) The Fixer by Bernard Malamud (1967) The Eighth Day by Thornton Wilder (1968) Steps by Jerzy Kosiński (1969) them by Joyce Carol Oates (1970) Mr. Sammler's Planet by Saul Bellow (1971) The Complete Stories by Flannery O'Connor (1972) Chimera by John Barth (1973) Augustus by John Williams (1973) Gravity's Rainbow by Thomas Pynchon (1974) A Crown of Feathers and Other Stories by Isaac Bashevis Singer (1974) Complete list (1950–1974) (1975–1999) (2000–2024) v t e Georgia Women of Achievement 1990s 1992 Martha Berry Lucy Craft Laney Juliette Gordon Low Flannery O'Connor 1993 Dicksie Bradley Bandy Mary Musgrove Cassandra Pickett Durham Viola Ross Napier Ma Rainey 1994 Julia Flisch Carson McCullers Margaret Mitchell Ruth Hartley Mosley Emily Harvie Thomas Tubman 1995 Selena Sloan Butler Anna Colquitt Hunter Hazel Jane Raines 1996 Susan Cobb Milton Atkinson Nellie Peters Black Ellen Craft Corra Harris Lugenia Burns Hope 1997 Rebecca Latimer Felton Mary Ann Harris Gay Nancy Hart Lucy Barrow McIntire 1998 Lettie Pate Whitehead Evans Julia Collier Harris Rhoda Kaufman Carrie Steele Logan 1999 Moina Michael Lillian Smith 2000s 2000 Sallie Ellis Davis Laura Askew Haygood Ellen Axson Wilson 2001 Julia L. Coleman Catherine Evans Whitener 2002 Wessie Gertrude Connell Lula Dobbs McEachern Alice Harrell Strickland 2003 Madeleine Kiker Anthony Helena Maud Brown Cobb Julia Lester Dillon Leila Ross Wilburn 2004 Mathilda Beasley Louise Frederick Hays Helen Dortch Longstreet Sarah McLendon Murphy Emily Barnelia Woodward 2005 Alice Woodby McKane Nina Anderson Pape Jeannette Rankin 2006 Eliza Frances Andrews Grace Towns Hamilton Sarah Porter Hillhouse 2007 Margaret O. Bynum Edith Lenora Foster Helen Douglas Mankin Sara Branham Matthews 2008 Elfrida De Renne Barrow Amilee Chastain Graves Susan Dowdell Myrick 2009 Caroline Pafford Miller Jane Hurt Yarn Harriet Powers 2010s 2010 Mary Ann Lipscomb Celestine Sibley Madrid Williams 2011 Lillian Gordy Carter Mary Francis Hill Coley May duBignon Stiles Howard 2012 Sarah Randolph Bailey Beulah Rucker Oliver Ethel Harpst 2013 Lollie Belle Wylie Mary Gregory Jewett Henrietta Stanley Dull 2014 Rebecca Stiles Taylor Ella Gertrude Clanton Thomas Bazoline Estelle Usher 2015 Allie Carroll Hart Frances Freeborn Pauley Nell Kendall Hodgson Woodruff 2016 Sarah Harper Heard Ellamae Ellis League Katie Hall Underwood 2017 Carolyn Mackenzie Carter Clermont Huger Lee Lucile Nix 2018 Ludie Clay Andrews Susie Baker King Taylor Mamie George S. Williams 2019 Leila Denmark Mary Dorothy Lyndon 2020s 2020 Clarice Cross Bagwell Katharine DuPre Lumpkin Juanita Marsh Jean Elizabeth Geiger Wright 2021 Ruby M. Anderson Mary G. Bryan Laura Pope Forester Allie Murray Smith Authority control BIBSYS: 90072804 BNE: XX1152066 BNF: cb119179785 (data) CANTIC: a10973801 CiNii: DA01031531 GND: 11858930X ISNI: 0000 0001 2122 2196 LCCN: n79119229 LNB: 000046082 NDL: 00451570 NKC: jn20000720201 NLG: 121879 NLK: KAC199620482 NLP: A12325922 NSK: 000228331 NTA: 068380739 PLWABN: 9810575241405606 RERO: 02-A003649507 SELIBR: 218749 SNAC: w6718qhs SUDOC: 027431045 VcBA: 495/237911 VIAF: 17227472 WorldCat Identities: lccn-n79119229 Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Flannery_O%27Connor&oldid=1000382757" Categories: 1925 births 1964 deaths 20th-century American novelists 20th-century American women writers 20th-century American short story writers 20th-century American essayists American Roman Catholic religious writers American women essayists American women novelists American women short story writers Burials at Memory Hill Cemetery Christian novelists Critics of Objectivism (Ayn Rand) Deaths from lupus Disease-related deaths in Georgia (U.S. state) Georgia College & State University alumni Iowa Writers' Workshop alumni National Book Award winners Novelists from Georgia (U.S. state) People from Milledgeville, Georgia People from Ridgefield, Connecticut University of Iowa alumni Women religious writers Writers from Savannah, Georgia Writers of American Southern literature Catholics from Connecticut Catholics from Georgia (U.S. state) Writers with disabilities Writers of Gothic fiction American people of Irish descent Hidden categories: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list Articles with short description Short description matches Wikidata Use mdy dates from December 2013 All articles with unsourced statements Articles with unsourced statements from May 2016 Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from May 2016 Articles with Project Gutenberg links Wikipedia articles with BIBSYS identifiers Wikipedia articles with BNE identifiers Wikipedia articles with BNF identifiers Wikipedia articles with CANTIC identifiers Wikipedia articles with CINII identifiers Wikipedia articles with GND identifiers Wikipedia articles with ISNI identifiers Wikipedia articles with LCCN identifiers Wikipedia articles with LNB identifiers Wikipedia articles with NDL identifiers Wikipedia articles with NKC identifiers Wikipedia articles with NLG identifiers Wikipedia articles with NLK identifiers Wikipedia articles with NLP identifiers Wikipedia articles with NSK identifiers Wikipedia articles with NTA identifiers Wikipedia articles with PLWABN identifiers Wikipedia articles with RERO identifiers Wikipedia articles with SELIBR identifiers Wikipedia articles with SNAC-ID identifiers Wikipedia articles with SUDOC identifiers Wikipedia articles with VcBA identifiers Wikipedia articles with VIAF identifiers Wikipedia articles with WORLDCATID identifiers Navigation menu Personal tools Not logged in Talk Contributions Create account Log in Namespaces Article Talk Variants Views Read Edit View history More Search Navigation Main page Contents Current events Random article About Wikipedia Contact us Donate Contribute Help Learn to edit Community portal Recent changes Upload file Tools What links here Related changes Upload file Special pages Permanent link Page information Cite this page Wikidata item Print/export Download as PDF Printable version In other projects Wikimedia Commons Languages Afrikaans العربية تۆرکجه Bân-lâm-gú Català Čeština Deutsch Español Euskara فارسی Français Gaeilge Galego 한국어 Հայերեն हिन्दी Italiano עברית ქართული مصرى Nederlands 日本語 Norsk bokmål ਪੰਜਾਬੀ Polski Português Русский Simple English Српски / srpski Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски Suomi Svenska ไทย Türkçe Українська 中文 Edit links This page was last edited on 14 January 2021, at 21:35 (UTC). 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