mv: ‘./input-file.zip’ and ‘./input-file.zip’ are the same file Creating study carrel named astronomy-from-gutenberg Initializing database Unzipping Archive: input-file.zip creating: ./tmp/input/input-file/ inflating: ./tmp/input/input-file/15636.txt inflating: ./tmp/input/input-file/15620.txt inflating: ./tmp/input/input-file/19395.txt inflating: ./tmp/input/input-file/28570.txt inflating: ./tmp/input/input-file/27378.txt inflating: ./tmp/input/input-file/25267.txt inflating: ./tmp/input/input-file/26556.txt inflating: ./tmp/input/input-file/6630.txt inflating: ./tmp/input/input-file/36741.txt inflating: ./tmp/input/input-file/39142.txt inflating: ./tmp/input/input-file/40240.txt inflating: ./tmp/input/input-file/48218.txt inflating: ./tmp/input/input-file/45356.txt inflating: ./tmp/input/input-file/58810.txt inflating: ./tmp/input/input-file/16767.txt inflating: ./tmp/input/input-file/18431.txt inflating: ./tmp/input/input-file/24883.txt inflating: ./tmp/input/input-file/33337.txt inflating: ./tmp/input/input-file/28752.txt inflating: ./tmp/input/input-file/16227.txt inflating: ./tmp/input/input-file/28853.txt inflating: ./tmp/input/input-file/2298.txt inflating: ./tmp/input/input-file/45112.txt inflating: ./tmp/input/input-file/37711.txt inflating: ./tmp/input/input-file/28247.txt inflating: ./tmp/input/input-file/28613.txt inflating: ./tmp/input/input-file/22472.txt inflating: ./tmp/input/input-file/36495.txt inflating: ./tmp/input/input-file/28274.txt inflating: ./tmp/input/input-file/44167.txt inflating: ./tmp/input/input-file/14565.txt inflating: ./tmp/input/input-file/32598.txt inflating: ./tmp/input/input-file/35744.txt inflating: ./tmp/input/input-file/28434.txt inflating: ./tmp/input/input-file/29031.txt inflating: ./tmp/input/input-file/4065.txt inflating: ./tmp/input/input-file/40439.txt inflating: ./tmp/input/input-file/metadata.csv caution: excluded filename not matched: *MACOSX* === updating bibliographic database Building study carrel named astronomy-from-gutenberg FILE: cache/25267.txt OUTPUT: txt/25267.txt FILE: cache/15636.txt OUTPUT: txt/15636.txt FILE: cache/39142.txt OUTPUT: txt/39142.txt FILE: cache/19395.txt OUTPUT: txt/19395.txt FILE: cache/28570.txt OUTPUT: txt/28570.txt FILE: cache/16227.txt OUTPUT: txt/16227.txt FILE: cache/15620.txt OUTPUT: txt/15620.txt FILE: cache/28853.txt OUTPUT: txt/28853.txt FILE: cache/16767.txt OUTPUT: txt/16767.txt FILE: cache/18431.txt OUTPUT: txt/18431.txt FILE: cache/24883.txt OUTPUT: txt/24883.txt FILE: cache/6630.txt OUTPUT: txt/6630.txt FILE: cache/26556.txt OUTPUT: txt/26556.txt FILE: cache/2298.txt OUTPUT: txt/2298.txt FILE: cache/28752.txt OUTPUT: txt/28752.txt FILE: cache/40240.txt OUTPUT: txt/40240.txt FILE: cache/33337.txt OUTPUT: txt/33337.txt FILE: cache/45112.txt OUTPUT: txt/45112.txt FILE: cache/36741.txt OUTPUT: txt/36741.txt FILE: cache/48218.txt OUTPUT: txt/48218.txt FILE: cache/27378.txt OUTPUT: txt/27378.txt FILE: cache/45356.txt OUTPUT: txt/45356.txt FILE: cache/37711.txt OUTPUT: txt/37711.txt FILE: cache/58810.txt OUTPUT: txt/58810.txt FILE: cache/28613.txt OUTPUT: txt/28613.txt FILE: cache/44167.txt OUTPUT: txt/44167.txt FILE: cache/22472.txt OUTPUT: txt/22472.txt FILE: cache/28247.txt OUTPUT: txt/28247.txt FILE: cache/36495.txt OUTPUT: txt/36495.txt FILE: cache/28434.txt OUTPUT: txt/28434.txt FILE: cache/40439.txt OUTPUT: txt/40439.txt FILE: cache/32598.txt OUTPUT: txt/32598.txt FILE: cache/29031.txt OUTPUT: txt/29031.txt FILE: cache/35744.txt OUTPUT: txt/35744.txt FILE: cache/28274.txt OUTPUT: txt/28274.txt FILE: cache/4065.txt OUTPUT: txt/4065.txt FILE: cache/14565.txt OUTPUT: txt/14565.txt === file2bib.sh === id: 25267 author: Flammarion, Camille title: Astronomy for Amateurs date: pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/25267.txt cache: ./cache/25267.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 1 resourceName b'25267.txt' Traceback (most recent call last): File "/data-disk/reader-compute/reader-classic/bin/file2bib.py", line 107, in text = textacy.preprocessing.normalize.normalize_quotation_marks( text ) File "/data-disk/python/lib/python3.8/site-packages/textacy/preprocessing/normalize.py", line 32, in normalize_quotation_marks return text.translate(QUOTE_TRANSLATION_TABLE) AttributeError: 'NoneType' object has no attribute 'translate' === file2bib.sh === id: 24883 author: Rogers, Henry Raymond title: New and Original Theories of the Great Physical Forces date: pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/24883.txt cache: ./cache/24883.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 1 resourceName b'24883.txt' Traceback (most recent call last): File "/data-disk/reader-compute/reader-classic/bin/file2bib.py", line 107, in text = textacy.preprocessing.normalize.normalize_quotation_marks( text ) File "/data-disk/python/lib/python3.8/site-packages/textacy/preprocessing/normalize.py", line 32, in normalize_quotation_marks return text.translate(QUOTE_TRANSLATION_TABLE) AttributeError: 'NoneType' object has no attribute 'translate' 25267 txt/../pos/25267.pos 24883 txt/../pos/24883.pos 25267 txt/../ent/25267.ent 24883 txt/../ent/24883.ent 24883 txt/../wrd/24883.wrd Traceback (most recent call last): File "/data-disk/reader-compute/reader-classic/bin/txt2keywords.py", line 54, in for keyword, score in ( yake( doc, ngrams=NGRAMS, topn=TOPN ) ) : File "/data-disk/python/lib/python3.8/site-packages/textacy/ke/yake.py", line 96, in yake word_scores = _compute_word_scores(doc, word_occ_vals, word_freqs, stop_words) File "/data-disk/python/lib/python3.8/site-packages/textacy/ke/yake.py", line 205, in _compute_word_scores freq_baseline = statistics.mean(freqs_nsw) + statistics.stdev(freqs_nsw) File "/data-disk/python/lib/python3.8/statistics.py", line 315, in mean raise StatisticsError('mean requires at least one data point') statistics.StatisticsError: mean requires at least one data point 25267 txt/../wrd/25267.wrd Traceback (most recent call last): File "/data-disk/reader-compute/reader-classic/bin/txt2keywords.py", line 54, in for keyword, score in ( yake( doc, ngrams=NGRAMS, topn=TOPN ) ) : File "/data-disk/python/lib/python3.8/site-packages/textacy/ke/yake.py", line 96, in yake word_scores = _compute_word_scores(doc, word_occ_vals, word_freqs, stop_words) File "/data-disk/python/lib/python3.8/site-packages/textacy/ke/yake.py", line 205, in _compute_word_scores freq_baseline = statistics.mean(freqs_nsw) + statistics.stdev(freqs_nsw) File "/data-disk/python/lib/python3.8/statistics.py", line 315, in mean raise StatisticsError('mean requires at least one data point') statistics.StatisticsError: mean requires at least one data point 15636 txt/../pos/15636.pos 15636 txt/../wrd/15636.wrd 15636 txt/../ent/15636.ent === file2bib.sh === id: 15636 author: Pickering, Edward C. (Edward Charles) title: The Future of Astronomy date: pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/15636.txt cache: ./cache/15636.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'15636.txt' 19395 txt/../pos/19395.pos 40439 txt/../pos/40439.pos 40439 txt/../wrd/40439.wrd 16227 txt/../pos/16227.pos 19395 txt/../wrd/19395.wrd 40439 txt/../ent/40439.ent === file2bib.sh === id: 40439 author: Grote, George title: Plato's Doctrine Respecting the Rotation of the Earth and Aristotle's Comment Upon That Doctrine date: pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/40439.txt cache: ./cache/40439.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'40439.txt' 16227 txt/../wrd/16227.wrd 19395 txt/../ent/19395.ent 48218 txt/../pos/48218.pos 16227 txt/../ent/16227.ent 48218 txt/../wrd/48218.wrd === file2bib.sh === id: 19395 author: Hale, George Ellery title: The New Heavens date: pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/19395.txt cache: ./cache/19395.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'19395.txt' 16767 txt/../pos/16767.pos 37711 txt/../pos/37711.pos 16767 txt/../wrd/16767.wrd === file2bib.sh === id: 16227 author: Everett, Edward title: The Uses of Astronomy An Oration Delivered at Albany on the 28th of July, 1856 date: pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/16227.txt cache: ./cache/16227.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'16227.txt' 37711 txt/../wrd/37711.wrd 28853 txt/../pos/28853.pos 48218 txt/../ent/48218.ent 37711 txt/../ent/37711.ent 28853 txt/../wrd/28853.wrd 18431 txt/../pos/18431.pos 6630 txt/../pos/6630.pos 36741 txt/../pos/36741.pos 16767 txt/../ent/16767.ent === file2bib.sh === id: 48218 author: Maunder, E. Walter (Edward Walter) title: The Science of the Stars date: pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/48218.txt cache: ./cache/48218.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'48218.txt' 32598 txt/../pos/32598.pos 35744 txt/../pos/35744.pos 28752 txt/../pos/28752.pos 29031 txt/../pos/29031.pos 36741 txt/../wrd/36741.wrd 32598 txt/../wrd/32598.wrd 6630 txt/../wrd/6630.wrd 29031 txt/../wrd/29031.wrd 18431 txt/../wrd/18431.wrd 28853 txt/../ent/28853.ent 44167 txt/../pos/44167.pos 35744 txt/../wrd/35744.wrd 28752 txt/../wrd/28752.wrd 33337 txt/../pos/33337.pos === file2bib.sh === id: 37711 author: Grimm, Florence M. (Florence Marie) title: Astronomical Lore in Chaucer date: pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/37711.txt cache: ./cache/37711.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'37711.txt' 6630 txt/../ent/6630.ent 45112 txt/../pos/45112.pos === file2bib.sh === id: 16767 author: Proctor, Richard A. (Richard Anthony) title: Half-hours with the Telescope Being a Popular Guide to the Use of the Telescope as a Means of Amusement and Instruction. date: pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/16767.txt cache: ./cache/16767.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 5 resourceName b'16767.txt' 44167 txt/../wrd/44167.wrd 45112 txt/../wrd/45112.wrd 33337 txt/../wrd/33337.wrd 18431 txt/../ent/18431.ent 15620 txt/../pos/15620.pos 28274 txt/../pos/28274.pos 28434 txt/../pos/28434.pos 36741 txt/../ent/36741.ent 44167 txt/../ent/44167.ent 15620 txt/../wrd/15620.wrd 33337 txt/../ent/33337.ent 29031 txt/../ent/29031.ent 28274 txt/../wrd/28274.wrd 45112 txt/../ent/45112.ent 32598 txt/../ent/32598.ent 58810 txt/../pos/58810.pos 28752 txt/../ent/28752.ent 28274 txt/../ent/28274.ent 35744 txt/../ent/35744.ent 28434 txt/../ent/28434.ent 39142 txt/../pos/39142.pos 28434 txt/../wrd/28434.wrd 2298 txt/../pos/2298.pos 58810 txt/../wrd/58810.wrd 4065 txt/../pos/4065.pos 36495 txt/../pos/36495.pos 28570 txt/../pos/28570.pos 2298 txt/../wrd/2298.wrd 36495 txt/../wrd/36495.wrd 15620 txt/../ent/15620.ent === file2bib.sh === id: 28853 author: Mitton, G. E. (Geraldine Edith) title: The Children's Book of Stars date: pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/28853.txt cache: ./cache/28853.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'28853.txt' 4065 txt/../wrd/4065.wrd 2298 txt/../ent/2298.ent 39142 txt/../wrd/39142.wrd === file2bib.sh === id: 36741 author: Serviss, Garrett Putman title: Astronomy with an Opera-glass A Popular Introduction to the Study of the Starry Heavens with the Simplest of Optical Instruments date: pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/36741.txt cache: ./cache/36741.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 5 resourceName b'36741.txt' 28570 txt/../wrd/28570.wrd === file2bib.sh === id: 29031 author: Holden, Edward S. (Edward Singleton) title: Sir William Herschel: His Life and Works date: pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/29031.txt cache: ./cache/29031.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 6 resourceName b'29031.txt' 26556 txt/../pos/26556.pos 28613 txt/../pos/28613.pos === file2bib.sh === id: 18431 author: Serviss, Garrett Putman title: Other Worlds Their Nature, Possibilities and Habitability in the Light of the Latest Discoveries date: pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/18431.txt cache: ./cache/18431.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'18431.txt' 22472 txt/../pos/22472.pos 28613 txt/../wrd/28613.wrd 4065 txt/../ent/4065.ent 36495 txt/../ent/36495.ent === file2bib.sh === id: 28752 author: Serviss, Garrett Putman title: Pleasures of the telescope An Illustrated Guide for Amateur Astronomers and a Popular Description of the Chief Wonders of the Heavens for General Readers date: pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/28752.txt cache: ./cache/28752.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 6 resourceName b'28752.txt' 39142 txt/../ent/39142.ent 45356 txt/../pos/45356.pos 26556 txt/../wrd/26556.wrd 22472 txt/../wrd/22472.wrd === file2bib.sh === id: 33337 author: Turner, H. H. (Herbert Hall) title: Astronomical Discovery date: pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/33337.txt cache: ./cache/33337.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'33337.txt' 45356 txt/../wrd/45356.wrd 26556 txt/../ent/26556.ent === file2bib.sh === id: 35744 author: Stimson, Dorothy title: The gradual acceptance of the Copernican theory of the universe date: pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/35744.txt cache: ./cache/35744.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 6 resourceName b'35744.txt' 40240 txt/../pos/40240.pos === file2bib.sh === id: 6630 author: Serviss, Garrett Putman title: Curiosities of the Sky date: pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/6630.txt cache: ./cache/6630.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 6 resourceName b'6630.txt' 58810 txt/../ent/58810.ent === file2bib.sh === id: 32598 author: Rogers, Julia Ellen title: Earth and Sky Every Child Should Know Easy studies of the earth and the stars for any time and place date: pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/32598.txt cache: ./cache/32598.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 15 resourceName b'32598.txt' 28613 txt/../ent/28613.ent 45356 txt/../ent/45356.ent 40240 txt/../wrd/40240.wrd 22472 txt/../ent/22472.ent 28570 txt/../ent/28570.ent === file2bib.sh === id: 44167 author: Maunder, E. Walter (Edward Walter) title: The Royal Observatory, Greenwich: A Glance at Its History and Work date: pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/44167.txt cache: ./cache/44167.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 7 resourceName b'44167.txt' 40240 txt/../ent/40240.ent 14565 txt/../pos/14565.pos === file2bib.sh === id: 28274 author: Lubbock, John, Sir title: The Beauties of Nature, and the Wonders of the World We Live In date: pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/28274.txt cache: ./cache/28274.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 6 resourceName b'28274.txt' 14565 txt/../wrd/14565.wrd === file2bib.sh === id: 45112 author: Lewis, Isabel Martin title: Astronomy for Young Folks date: pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/45112.txt cache: ./cache/45112.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 7 resourceName b'45112.txt' 27378 txt/../wrd/27378.wrd 27378 txt/../pos/27378.pos === file2bib.sh === id: 15620 author: Warren, Henry White title: Recreations in Astronomy With Directions for Practical Experiments and Telescopic Work date: pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/15620.txt cache: ./cache/15620.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 6 resourceName b'15620.txt' 28247 txt/../wrd/28247.wrd 28247 txt/../pos/28247.pos 14565 txt/../ent/14565.ent 27378 txt/../ent/27378.ent === file2bib.sh === id: 28434 author: Orchard, Thomas Nathaniel title: The Astronomy of Milton's 'Paradise Lost' date: pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/28434.txt cache: ./cache/28434.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 7 resourceName b'28434.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: 58810 author: Rolfe, W. J. (William James) title: The Heavens Above: A Popular Handbook of Astronomy date: pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/58810.txt cache: ./cache/58810.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 7 resourceName b'58810.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: 2298 author: Ball, Robert S. (Robert Stawell) title: Great Astronomers date: pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/2298.txt cache: ./cache/2298.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 5 resourceName b'2298.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: 36495 author: Flammarion, Camille title: Astronomical Myths: Based on Flammarions's "History of the Heavens" date: pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/36495.txt cache: ./cache/36495.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 8 resourceName b'36495.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: 4065 author: Newcomb, Simon title: Side-Lights on Astronomy and Kindred Fields of Popular Science date: pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/4065.txt cache: ./cache/4065.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 6 resourceName b'4065.txt' 28247 txt/../ent/28247.ent === file2bib.sh === id: 28570 author: Dolmage, Cecil Goodrich Julius title: Astronomy of To-day: A Popular Introduction in Non-Technical Language date: pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/28570.txt cache: ./cache/28570.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 7 resourceName b'28570.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: 39142 author: Todd, David P. (David Peck) title: Astronomy: The Science of the Heavenly Bodies date: pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/39142.txt cache: ./cache/39142.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 21 resourceName b'39142.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: 28613 author: Lodge, Oliver, Sir title: Pioneers of Science date: pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/28613.txt cache: ./cache/28613.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 9 resourceName b'28613.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: 45356 author: Stirling, William title: New Theories in Astronomy date: pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/45356.txt cache: ./cache/45356.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 16 resourceName b'45356.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: 22472 author: Fort, Charles title: The Book of the Damned date: pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/22472.txt cache: ./cache/22472.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 7 resourceName b'22472.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: 26556 author: Proctor, Richard A. (Richard Anthony) title: Myths and Marvels of Astronomy date: pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/26556.txt cache: ./cache/26556.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 9 resourceName b'26556.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: 40240 author: Olmsted, Denison title: Letters on Astronomy in which the Elements of the Science are Familiarly Explained in Connection with Biographical Sketches of the Most Eminent Astronomers date: pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/40240.txt cache: ./cache/40240.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 8 resourceName b'40240.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: 14565 author: Humboldt, Alexander von title: Cosmos: A Sketch of the Physical Description of the Universe, Vol. 1 date: pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/14565.txt cache: ./cache/14565.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 20 resourceName b'14565.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: 27378 author: Ball, Robert S. (Robert Stawell) title: The Story of the Heavens date: pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/27378.txt cache: ./cache/27378.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 25 resourceName b'27378.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: 28247 author: Clerke, Agnes M. (Agnes Mary) title: A Popular History of Astronomy During the Nineteenth Century Fourth Edition date: pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/28247.txt cache: ./cache/28247.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 62 resourceName b'28247.txt' Done mapping. Reducing astronomy-from-gutenberg === reduce.pl bib === id = 15636 author = Pickering, Edward C. (Edward Charles) title = The Future of Astronomy date = pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5682 sentences = 261 flesch = 64 summary = One might expect that the practical results of a science like The second great advance in astronomy originated in America, and was in The first photographic image of a star was obtained The third great advance in astronomy is in photographing the spectra of receiving at the present time, in nearly all the great observatories in An astronomer who would aid them in this work, by A second method of aiding astronomy is through the large observatories. astronomy is by securing the united work of the leading astronomers of measure the positions of all the stars in these zones. living astronomers, each in his own special line of work, and the latter could not get such an instrument, he measured the positions of the stars one of the great telescopes of the world, photographing the spectrum of consider the next great advance, which perhaps will be a method of cache = ./cache/15636.txt txt = ./txt/15636.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = 15620 author = Warren, Henry White title = Recreations in Astronomy With Directions for Practical Experiments and Telescopic Work date = pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 68848 sentences = 4605 flesch = 79 summary = the force of condensation it flamed like a sun, and not only lighted The heat of the sun, by its intense vibrations, comes to the earth by the rolling over of the earth [Page 65] the star will come into stars the earth's enormous orbit, if lying like a blazing ring in star Vega in the west, touching our [Page 71] earth's orbit on one D (Fig. 29), the distance of the moon and [Page 72] star is A E, light of the sun of the world into bodies, and vivify them according [Illustration: Fig. 42.--Showing the Sun's Movement among the Stars.] earth the centre, and that the sun, moon, and stars were carried When Mercury comes between the earth and the sun, near the line The moon's day, caused by the sun's light, is 29-1/2 times as long earth received light from the sun. cache = ./cache/15620.txt txt = ./txt/15620.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = 19395 author = Hale, George Ellery title = The New Heavens date = pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 16807 sentences = 793 flesch = 61 summary = The sun, 865,000 miles in diameter, from a direct photograph showing Twenty-foot Michelson interferometer for measuring star diameters, four stars, on the average, were seen in the field of the telescope. of stars, are on so great a scale (according to Shapley) that light, the 100-inch telescope, on its way up Mount Wilson.] the 100-inch Hooker telescope to follow the stars.] In less powerful telescopes the stars at the centre of the great laboratories, in which the sun and stars are examined by powerful measurement of star diameters if a sufficiently large interferometer angular diameter is perhaps as great as that of any other star. Hooker telescope, and path of the two pencils of light from a star of measuring the diameter of a star, and the 20-foot interferometer by the great distance of the star, which is about 160 light-years. An image of the sun about 16 inches in diameter is formed in the cache = ./cache/19395.txt txt = ./txt/19395.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = 28570 author = Dolmage, Cecil Goodrich Julius title = Astronomy of To-day: A Popular Introduction in Non-Technical Language date = pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 103966 sentences = 6121 flesch = 75 summary = order outwards the Moon, the planets Mercury and Venus, the Sun, and The sun, of course, occults planets and stars in exactly the same manner sun's face is hidden as a consequence of the moon's body coming directly place when the moon comes between the sun and the earth, in such a called a partial eclipse, because from the earth's surface the sun is by one nearer coming in the way, a total eclipse of the sun is far the whereas an eclipse of the sun can only take place at _new_ moon. nights by the changing positions of the sun, the moon, and the stars; of the planets around the sun, and of the moon around the earth, were course of the year the distance of the earth from the sun varies. distance of forty-eight times that of the earth from the sun. cache = ./cache/28570.txt txt = ./txt/28570.txt === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === id = 27378 author = Ball, Robert S. (Robert Stawell) title = The Story of the Heavens date = pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 201258 sentences = 9180 flesch = 67 summary = watches the moon, or star, or planet enter the field of view; and he fixed stars, the sun, the moon, and the planets. The actual distance of the sun from the earth is about 92,900,000 miles; directly between the earth and the sun, and the dark body of the moon Planets, Mercury, Venus, the Earth, and Mars--Velocity of the Earth--The Outer Planets, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune--Light The sun and the moon, the planets and the comets, the attraction every planet must revolve in an elliptic orbit round the sun, In the case of our own planet, the earth rotates twenty-seven times for globe, and that the earth and all the other planets were small bodies hands, when he observed a small star-like object near the planet. to our position on the earth, we observe the stars from a point of view herself ardently in observing the moon, planets, and stars; and more cache = ./cache/27378.txt txt = ./txt/27378.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = 26556 author = Proctor, Richard A. (Richard Anthony) title = Myths and Marvels of Astronomy date = pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 120195 sentences = 4421 flesch = 61 summary = Though we can understand that in old times the planets and stars were the positions of the various planets, signs, stars, etc., at the time of to the horizon that if the astronomers of the pyramid times had observed year, the ring reflects no light during the night time, the sun being on well known to the learned world,' he says, 'that every star is a sun in star, like the sun of our system, has around it planets which are sun, and moon, and stars had been set in the heavens for its use and star a sun like him, about which many planets revolve. the formation of the earth and heavens, sun, and moon, and stars; while observation (by which time the new star had faded from the second to the observe the sun for this purpose until the present time. cache = ./cache/26556.txt txt = ./txt/26556.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = 6630 author = Serviss, Garrett Putman title = Curiosities of the Sky date = pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 53325 sentences = 1914 flesch = 60 summary = with stars, our sun and his relatively few neighbors being placed near far more closely related to one another than is our sun to the stars could be turned into a new course by a close approach to a great sun, course, the earth, piloted by the sun, has come from the Milky Way in formed by chance combinations of conspicuous stars, like figures in a motions of the sun and stars, and have seen that they are so swift of the earth's orbit, the close approach of a great star to the sun of planets, and the distances of the stars which appear to have been space and appear around the sun like the clouds of dust around a mill. some forming stars that perhaps have no planets, and will have none; planet like the earth; it has an atmosphere, though one of great cache = ./cache/6630.txt txt = ./txt/6630.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = 36741 author = Serviss, Garrett Putman title = Astronomy with an Opera-glass A Popular Introduction to the Study of the Starry Heavens with the Simplest of Optical Instruments date = pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 48768 sentences = 2476 flesch = 73 summary = brilliant views of scattered star-clusters as an opera-glass does. opera-glass and begin with the constellation Leo and the star Regulus. stars are marked with their Greek-letter names on our little map, you opera-glass can get a fine view of a celebrated star-cluster known in of Procyon is a third-magnitude star, called Gomelza, and the glass will field-glass not only makes the two stars appear brighter, and their little group of stars near the end of the handle of the Great Dipper, see eight or ten times as many stars, and with a field-glass still more Turn your glass upon the star shown in the map just above Mu ([mu]) and interesting to watch the star with an opera-glass. Near the little star Kappa ([kappa]) in the map will be seen These stars were best seen with a field-glass, although an Opera-glass, views of the stars with, 3. cache = ./cache/36741.txt txt = ./txt/36741.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = 39142 author = Todd, David P. (David Peck) title = Astronomy: The Science of the Heavenly Bodies date = pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 100360 sentences = 4143 flesch = 60 summary = the origin, nature, and destinies of planets, sun, and star; observe sun, moon, and stars, because all the bodies of the cosmos were of three bodies (sun, earth, and moon) under the Newtonian law of the horizon, whether the sun was observed or moon or stars. planets were displaced among the stars by the annual motion of the earth measures of the position of sun, moon, and stars. the moon in Newton's time was better known in terms of the earth's size stars with the annual motion of the earth round the sun affords the spectrum of sun or star, and the position of these dark lines will first star was photographed, in 1851 the first total eclipse of the sun; Knowing thus the relation of sun, moon, and stars, and the number of the Evidently the earth by its motion round the sun makes every star cache = ./cache/39142.txt txt = ./txt/39142.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = 48218 author = Maunder, E. Walter (Edward Walter) title = The Science of the Stars date = pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 26190 sentences = 1433 flesch = 77 summary = light, the Sun, was not seen with the stars; the brightness of his had worked out some means for determining what stars the Sun is near at west to east; the Moon moves much slower than the stars, so her motion the deviations from regularity in the planetary motions round the Sun. The Earth having been abandoned as the centre of the universe, a Earth is deflected in the same time, Mercury falling towards the Sun by the Sun amongst the stars gave a yet longer division of time, the year, light of Sun, Moon, or stars, according to the object to which the To observe the motions of the Moon, Sun, and planets, and to determine same size, but since the Sun is 400 times as far off as the Moon it the nearest star to us is nearly 300,000 times as far as the Sun, yet cache = ./cache/48218.txt txt = ./txt/48218.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = 40240 author = Olmsted, Denison title = Letters on Astronomy in which the Elements of the Science are Familiarly Explained in Connection with Biographical Sketches of the Most Eminent Astronomers date = pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 141513 sentences = 5138 flesch = 62 summary = sun, in the moon, in the planets, and especially in the fixed stars, are that the sun, moon, and stars, revolve about it, every day, from east to a _year_ is the period of the revolution of the earth around the sun. motion of the sun around the earth once a year, and occasions the change The motion of the earth in its orbit is nearly seventy times as great as Were a body to fall from a great distance,--suppose a thousand times We have thus far taken the earth's orbit around the sun as a great twenty-seven days while the moon has been going round the earth, the sun the sun's apparent revolution round the earth once a year he is situation of the sun, the moon, and the earth, at the time of a solar the earth's periodic time is one year, and that of the planet Jupiter cache = ./cache/40240.txt txt = ./txt/40240.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = 45356 author = Stirling, William title = New Theories in Astronomy date = pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 133636 sentences = 5681 flesch = 70 summary = a given time, because the attractive force of the earth increases--up mass of heat sticking to the surface of a block of matter of any kind. cubic miles for the ring at the same density as the nebula; so, the volume of the earth nebula, which at 234,620,000 miles in diameter miles alone of solid matter to be 2·25 times that of water. 7918 miles, and mean density at 5·66 times that of water, as already 190 Density of inner half of earth at 3000 miles diameter. 190 Density of inner half of earth at 3000 miles diameter. our estimate of 3 times the density of water, at 9 miles deep, was far period of time before the nebula forming the earth came to have even miles diameter, with density equal to air at atmospheric pressure, and measure, the sun's attraction of the matter of the nebula towards his cache = ./cache/45356.txt txt = ./txt/45356.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = 58810 author = Rolfe, W. J. (William James) title = The Heavens Above: A Popular Handbook of Astronomy date = pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 83826 sentences = 5763 flesch = 77 summary = _sun_, _planets_, _moons_, _comets_, and _meteors_. line joining the sun and the planet, in these equal times, would all be shows the earth as it would appear to an observer at the sun during each the earth, as seen from the sun at the time of the summer solstice, of The great circle which passes through the centre of the sun and moon side of the moon, a star might be seen at the earth, although really inferior planet as seen from the earth are shown in Fig. 144, in which earth as to the sun: hence, near these parts of its orbit, the planet of the sun as compared with the moon's orbit is shown in Fig. 154. lines seen on the centre of the sun's disk often appear more or less shown in Fig. 240, according to the varying distance of the sun and moon cache = ./cache/58810.txt txt = ./txt/58810.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = 16767 author = Proctor, Richard A. (Richard Anthony) title = Half-hours with the Telescope Being a Popular Guide to the Use of the Telescope as a Means of Amusement and Instruction. date = pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 33645 sentences = 1795 flesch = 72 summary = he turns his telescope towards a difficult double star. observer to direct a telescope of moderate power to the examination of way that a simple object-glass forms a telescope, a circumstance we of view of a Galilean Telescope depend on the size of the object-glass, _positive_ eye-piece, because the real image formed by the object-glass For observing objects at great elevations the diagonal eye-tube is view, if the telescope, once directed to the star, be made to revolve applied to the observation of close double or multiple stars, but for neighbouring stream of the Milky Way. Let our observer now direct his telescope to the star [epsilon] Lyræ. ring; and in Lord Rosse's great Telescope "wisps of stars" are seen towards E.S.E. It is seen as a double star with very moderate telescopic [alpha]^1 of the 4th magnitude; in a good telescope five stars are seen, cache = ./cache/16767.txt txt = ./txt/16767.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = 18431 author = Serviss, Garrett Putman title = Other Worlds Their Nature, Possibilities and Habitability in the Light of the Latest Discoveries date = pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 52803 sentences = 2289 flesch = 65 summary = facts about the planets Venus, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, etc., as well moon?--Lunar day and night--The earth as seen from the planet Venus, when viewed with a telescope, shows phases like those of at different rates, among them; the nearer planets, Venus and the earth, Being, like Mercury, nearer to the sun than the earth is, Venus also is earth, being an outer planet, is visible at times in that part of the Mars is the fourth planet in the order of distance from the sun, and the the sun as seen from the earth--Mars's average distance from us is about be nearer than 744,000,000 miles to the earth, or eight times the sun's the sun, so that the distance of the moon from the earth is continually orbit about the sun is more curved than the moon's, and the earth is planets--Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, etc. cache = ./cache/18431.txt txt = ./txt/18431.txt === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === id = 28752 author = Serviss, Garrett Putman title = Pleasures of the telescope An Illustrated Guide for Amateur Astronomers and a Popular Description of the Chief Wonders of the Heavens for General Readers date = pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 53129 sentences = 3011 flesch = 74 summary = eighth-magnitude star, a short distance northeast of the Great Nebula, three-inch, as it consists of a light-yellow star of magnitude three and 627, a double star, magnitude six and a half and seven, distance 21", p. magnitude star is again double, distance 4", p. Burnham has seen a star of thirteen and a half magnitude, distance remarkable for array of small stars near it; 38, double, magnitudes six of larger star blue--try with the five-inch; epsilon, double, magnitudes Other objects in Cancer are: Sigma 1223, double star, magnitudes six and seen shining with the light of a tenth-magnitude star, _but presenting six-inch telescope it would be a waste of time to attack the double star double, both stars being of the sixth magnitude, distance 5", p. double, both stars being of the sixth magnitude, distance 5", p. beautiful star are of magnitudes three and six, distance 10", colors cache = ./cache/28752.txt txt = ./txt/28752.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = 33337 author = Turner, H. H. (Herbert Hall) title = Astronomical Discovery date = pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 58928 sentences = 2903 flesch = 66 summary = number to a planet until it was quite certain that the discovery was new, accuracy, from observing the time of her revolution round the sun; the recorded by different observers were compared with the true time, which stars, it is not easy to directly observe the place of the sun among the new determinations of the sun's distance, using three of the minor planets ordinary star, by Flamsteed, Lemonnier, Bradley, and Mayer, all observers [Sidenote: Adams' announcement of the new planet.] [Sidenote: Airy announces the likelihood of a new planet, and suggests a [Sidenote: He finds too late that he had observed the planet.] [Sidenote: Curious difference between actual and supposed planet.] that time, Bradley made that long and wonderful series of observations [Sidenote: The Oxford new star found during work on Astrographic Chart.] Generally these stars have been noted by eye observation, as in the case [Sidenote: Bradley's observations.] cache = ./cache/33337.txt txt = ./txt/33337.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = 16227 author = Everett, Edward title = The Uses of Astronomy An Oration Delivered at Albany on the 28th of July, 1856 date = pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 20048 sentences = 791 flesch = 57 summary = DEDICATION OF NEW YORK STATE GEOLOGICAL HALL. the New State Geological Hall, at Albany,--in the hope that the marked feature in the ceremonies was the magnificent Oration of the Hon. EDWARD EVERETT, inaugurating the Dudley Observatory of Albany; and it is Of the New York State Survey he said:-of the motions of all the heavenly bodies; and the eye of science, reflect honor on the science of any country and any age; I mean the instrumental power; but the want was generally felt by men of science, 2. The second great practical use of an Astronomical Observatory is instrumental power, and of the means of ascertaining the ship's time At the second dawn of science, the great fact again beamed into the mind There are occasions in life in which a great mind lives years of rapt NEW PERIODS IN ASTRONOMICAL SCIENCE. the advancement of science, to the increase of instrumental power. cache = ./cache/16227.txt txt = ./txt/16227.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = 28853 author = Mitton, G. E. (Geraldine Edith) title = The Children's Book of Stars date = pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 46781 sentences = 1852 flesch = 76 summary = The sun, as we all know, appears to cross the sky every day; he gets up think: 'Here is the great solid earth standing still, and the sun and marvellous truth is that, instead of the sun and moon and stars rolling days it was supposed that the sun went round the earth. the earth and all the planets as if they were swinging round the sun, earth-child was going round the sun, so that in a year's time the moon caused by the earth's shadow falling upon the moon; and that of the sun own light is the sun; all the rest, the planets and their moons, shine His year--the time he takes to go round the sun and come back to the sun, and can only sometimes be seen as a small star by people who know these other great suns which we call stars have also planets circling cache = ./cache/28853.txt txt = ./txt/28853.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = 45112 author = Lewis, Isabel Martin title = Astronomy for Young Folks date = pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 65367 sentences = 3172 flesch = 72 summary = knowledge of the sun, moon, stars and planets, their motions and cluster of faint stars known as The Pleiades, lying a short distance brighter stars in the group surpass the sun many times in brightness. thirty-three light-years, the sun would appear as a star of the fifth earth and the sun, all the planets have moons or satellites of their That is, the moon, as well as the sun, stars and planets, rises in This star is about ten light-years distant from the earth, which the sun and the stars as well as the planets were in motion. or Orion star is about one hundred times more luminous than the sun, sixty-three thousand times the distance from the earth to the sun or sixty-three thousand times the distance from the earth to the sun or The nearest star is about 275,000 times more distant than the sun, cache = ./cache/45112.txt txt = ./txt/45112.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = 2298 author = Ball, Robert S. (Robert Stawell) title = Great Astronomers date = pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 92019 sentences = 3802 flesch = 62 summary = movement, by which the stars and all other celestial bodies appear to Ptolemy's astronomical works had appeared a few years before the observations of the new star as those which Tycho made, possessed, places of the moon, the planets, and the stars on the celestial The last of Galileo's great astronomical discoveries related to the fact, the great observer himself did not accept the new views of as the circumstances of astronomical observation would at that time At the present day, astronomers of the great national observatories illustrious friend's great work, so that in the same year he was in a movement of the earth around the sun, the star must appear to have great French astronomer sketched for the first time that remarkable earth, the sun, and the five great planets with which Laplace was When he was twenty-eight years old, his first great astronomical cache = ./cache/2298.txt txt = ./txt/2298.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = 37711 author = Grimm, Florence M. (Florence Marie) title = Astronomical Lore in Chaucer date = pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 32480 sentences = 2145 flesch = 78 summary = Venus was the planet of love, Mars, of war and hostility, the sun, hours, imparting its motion to sun, moon, and planets, thus causing day about the earth in the order Moon, Mercury, Venus, Sun, Mars, Jupiter, revolving spheres carrying sun, moon, and planets, regulating light and Chaucer determines the time by observing the position of the sun and by Chaucer's references to the daily motion of the sun about the earth are References in Chaucer to the sun's yearly motion are in the same sense Once again in the _Frankeleyns Tale_ Chaucer refers to the sun's learning during Chaucer's century, the sun and moon were also held to be By "artificial day" Chaucer means the time during which the sun is century to determine the position of the sun, moon, or planets at any time earth in a definite time, the sun in a year, the moon in 29-1/2 days. cache = ./cache/37711.txt txt = ./txt/37711.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = 28247 author = Clerke, Agnes M. (Agnes Mary) title = A Popular History of Astronomy During the Nineteenth Century Fourth Edition date = pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 223867 sentences = 15877 flesch = 68 summary = discoveries of sun-spot and magnetic periodicity and of spectrum Early Views as to the Nature of Sun-spots--Wilson's Observations and Period of Magnetic Disturbance--Sun-spots and Weather--Spectrum 1901--Movements of Sun and Stars--List of Great Telescopes--List of the "apex," or point of direction of the sun's motion, close to the star for if the earth really travelled in a vast orbit round the sun, objects were observed for the first time, besides 3,347 double stars discovered [Footnote 117: _Results of Astronomical Observations made during the [Footnote 204: Observations on Uranus, as a supposed fixed star, went Newton showed that the bodies known as "comets," or _hirsute_ stars, records of sun-spot observations, from the time of Galileo and Scheiner dark-line solar spectrum, certain differences were perceiving, showing Sir John Herschel showed that heat-rays at the sun's surface must [Footnote 755: _The Distance of the Sun from the Earth determined by the cache = ./cache/28247.txt txt = ./txt/28247.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = 28613 author = Lodge, Oliver, Sir title = Pioneers of Science date = pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 112983 sentences = 5904 flesch = 72 summary = all-important body in the universe, if the sun and planets and stars planets and stars revolve round our insignificant earth was too great to The length of the earth's year is 365·256 days; its mean distance from uniform motion in each circle round the earth as a fixed body. planet's year depends on the 3/2th power of its distance from the sun. By this time Newton was only forty-five years old, but his main work was moon, which is 60 times as far from the centre of the earth, drops 16 the earth revolved round the sun, how came it that the fixed stars light must be 10,000 times as great as the velocity of the earth in its Newton of the observed facts of the motion of the moon, the way he Now consider the earth and moon revolving round each other like a man cache = ./cache/28613.txt txt = ./txt/28613.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = 22472 author = Fort, Charles title = The Book of the Damned date = pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 111634 sentences = 6427 flesch = 72 summary = instances of similar objects or substances said to have fallen from the later, another object, like the one said to have fallen in 1819, had The substance that looked like beef that fell from the sky. of a substance that looked like beef fell from the sky--"from a clear lived near said he had seen it fall like flakes with the snow." tentatively and provisionally, we accept the Super-Sargasso Sea. Before we take up an especial expression upon the fall of immature and it--think that carved stone objects have fallen from the sky, because they think they have seen such objects fall from the sky. an object the size of a baseball--but I think a thing could fall from wheel-like objects in the sky, see _Nature_, 22-617; London _Times_, luminous object, had been seen to fall from the sky--or from a As to our data of gelatinous substance said to have fallen to this earth cache = ./cache/22472.txt txt = ./txt/22472.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = 36495 author = Flammarion, Camille title = Astronomical Myths: Based on Flammarions's "History of the Heavens" date = pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 95884 sentences = 4070 flesch = 68 summary = age, the sun and moon and stars, with all the planets, seemed absolutely sun every night, and, therefore, a different set of stars are seen in universal power, governing the heavens, the earth, fire, water, day and years and had seen the course of the sun change four times, and the days of the year by the stars which first appeared in the evening--as we place, like the motion of the earth in modern astronomy, round an saying that Vulcan's anvil took seven days to fall from heaven to earth, turned about the earth in the same time, 365 days, 5 hours, and 49 doubt place the earth immovable in the centre of world, according to the Brahmins placed the earth in the centre, and said that the stars moved _On the Heavens and the Earth, On the Sun and Moon, the Stars, and Times cache = ./cache/36495.txt txt = ./txt/36495.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = 28274 author = Lubbock, John, Sir title = The Beauties of Nature, and the Wonders of the World We Live In date = pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 68602 sentences = 3457 flesch = 75 summary = both mind and body by a spell of Sea air or Mountain beauty. and the tree-cats are spotted, like rays of light seen through leaves. Fig. 4 represents the Medusa or free form of this beautiful species. In the same way let us take a section of the earth's surface AB (Fig. 17), and suppose that, by the gradual cooling and consequent contraction A lava stream flows down the slope of the mountain like a burning river, stately rivers, meres and lakes, and last, not least, the great ocean or lake, terraces, which were formed at a time when the river ran at a [Illustration: Fig. 29.--Diagram of an Alpine valley, showing a river [Illustration: Fig. 29.--Diagram of an Alpine valley, showing a river Finally, when the river at length reaches the sea, it in many cases valleys, animals and plants are continually changing: but the Sea is cache = ./cache/28274.txt txt = ./txt/28274.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = 44167 author = Maunder, E. Walter (Edward Walter) title = The Royal Observatory, Greenwich: A Glance at Its History and Work date = pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 65509 sentences = 2702 flesch = 64 summary = THE ROYAL OBSERVATORY IN FLAMSTEED'S TIME 44 DOUBLE-STAR OBSERVATION WITH THE SOUTH-EAST EQUATORIAL 308 obtain his own local time by observations of the height of the sun. from a number of given stars at definite times for long periods in stars that Greenwich Observatory was founded, whilst the _Nautical or 'mean time.' He drew up a catalogue of seventy stars, computing Greenwich Observatory, and for John Flamsteed's observations made more accurate observations of the place of a star could be obtained As Astronomer Royal his great work was the systematic observation determine the distance of the sun by observations of the transit of in the Astronomer Royal's house, and the present transit circle room. observations of places of moon, stars, and planets is likewise important duty of the Royal Observatory; and the Time Department, There is a great difference between the work of the observer with instrument is called, and the work of the transit observer. cache = ./cache/44167.txt txt = ./txt/44167.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = 32598 author = Rogers, Julia Ellen title = Earth and Sky Every Child Should Know Easy studies of the earth and the stars for any time and place date = pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 56790 sentences = 3466 flesch = 83 summary = The leaves of this great stone book are the layers of rock, laid down Surface water sinks into porous soils and rocks, and accumulates in scale the work of water in cutting away rock walls] water back to the surface, by forming cracks in the earth, and fine, Sand mixed with clay makes a mellow soil, which lets water and air pass The hard water, that comes through limestone rocks, adds lime in river water muddy, accumulates on the sea bottom as banks of mud, which water-formed rocks there were often created chimney-like openings, into the river has little to do but to carry away the surface water that In some places the water cuts away the soft rock and forms a called _metamorphic_ rocks, formed by water, then transformed by heat. The lowest forms of life, plant and animal, live in water to-day. cache = ./cache/32598.txt txt = ./txt/32598.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = 14565 author = Humboldt, Alexander von title = Cosmos: A Sketch of the Physical Description of the Universe, Vol. 1 date = pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 178998 sentences = 8936 flesch = 61 summary = a. Form of the earth, its mean density, quantity of heat, electro-magnetic volcanic rocks, spring water forms, by precipitation, strata of limestone. barometrical height at the level of the sea in different zones of the earth. existing among the facts observed, can not form a conception of the present times that of the Earth; period of revolution, 217.387 years; mean long., according to the different degrees of distance from the Sun, appears very obedience to the laws of general gravity in conic sections round the Sun. When these masses meet the Earth in their course, and are attracted by it, [footnote] *Argelander, in the important observations on the northern light accurate observations on the temperature of the sea at different latitudes [footnote] *See the series of observations made by me in the South Sea, observed in different portions of the earth's surface, to manifest such a cache = ./cache/14565.txt txt = ./txt/14565.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = 35744 author = Stimson, Dorothy title = The gradual acceptance of the Copernican theory of the universe date = pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 50040 sentences = 3995 flesch = 74 summary = observing the work of God's hand, he appears at the same time to be another work, the book of Hammarmunah the Old, stating that "the earth [Footnote 41: By the will of God the earth remains motionless and earth's motion around the sun a hundred years before Copernicus; but a work." But the Cardinal stated these views of the earth's motions in a [Footnote 102: Copernicus: _De Revolutionibus_, Thorn edit., 444. [Footnote 113: As the earth moves, the position in the heavens of a sun at the center of the universe rather than in the earth, in order heavens, and believed the earth was at the center of the universe admit new positions, for he never mentioned the motion of the earth the Scriptures that the earth is the principal body of the universe, moves the earth could not at the same time and with like motion move cache = ./cache/35744.txt txt = ./txt/35744.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = 28434 author = Orchard, Thomas Nathaniel title = The Astronomy of Milton's 'Paradise Lost' date = pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 82645 sentences = 3387 flesch = 60 summary = galaxies, universes of stars--suns--the innumerable host of heaven, each immovable centre of the universe, round which the Sun, Moon, planets, other celestial bodies--Sun, Moon, and stars, which would appear to have the Earth and planets in their orbits resides in the Sun. By the orb's Milton supposes that, as the Earth receives light from the stars, she a great central sun, round which all the systems of stars perform their The conclusion that the stars are orbs resembling our Sun in magnitude Sun is one of a group of stars which occupy a region of the heavens as follows: 'If we regard a pair of stars as forming a double sun, round STAR CLUSTERS.--On observing the heavens on a clear, dark night, there heavens, we have no evidence that he regarded the stars as suns, nor the Sun, Moon, planets, and stars; their functional importance as cache = ./cache/28434.txt txt = ./txt/28434.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = 4065 author = Newcomb, Simon title = Side-Lights on Astronomy and Kindred Fields of Popular Science date = pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 100253 sentences = 4115 flesch = 65 summary = space and all time, as we are forced to believe, then each moving star becomes of the great flood of heat and light which the sun and stars comparative number in the region of the Milky Way. Of the stars visible Let us next count the number of stars visible in a powerful telescope galactic pole, and increases in every direction towards the Milky Way. Without such counts of the stars we might imagine our stellar system to constellations as the Southern Cross, all lie in or near the Milky Way. Schiaparelli has extended the investigation to all the stars visible to astronomer is to determine what stars have proper motions large enough Up to the present time, two stars have been found whose proper motions form a general idea of their average distance, though a great number of present time is that the number of stars in any of these spheres will cache = ./cache/4065.txt txt = ./txt/4065.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = 29031 author = Holden, Edward S. (Edward Singleton) title = Sir William Herschel: His Life and Works date = pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 49158 sentences = 3192 flesch = 75 summary = In the following account of the life and works of Sir WILLIAM HERSCHEL, on the Periodical Star in Collo Ceti_, by Mr. WILLIAM HERSCHEL, of Bath. For some years HERSCHEL has observed the heavens every hour The memoir on the forty-foot telescope shows throughout that HERSCHEL'S general catalogue existed before HERSCHEL'S time, and led by the In the prosecution of this work HERSCHEL found stars whose light was The double stars were the subject of HERSCHEL'S earliest and of his The question of determining the parallax of stars first brought HERSCHEL case of one of HERSCHEL'S double stars, in much the same order in which HERSCHEL himself lived to see some of his double stars perform observed (by Sir JOHN HERSCHEL) with a telescope of twenty feet, similar Sun and Fixed Stars_ (1795), HERSCHEL recounts what was known of the of each double star [observed by HERSCHEL], brought together on cache = ./cache/29031.txt txt = ./txt/29031.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = 40439 author = Grote, George title = Plato's Doctrine Respecting the Rotation of the Earth and Aristotle's Comment Upon That Doctrine date = pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 13501 sentences = 922 flesch = 70 summary = Platonic words, he calls the earth [Greek: ê(me/ras phu/lax kai\ first, in the rotation of the earth round its own axis, next, at believe that the earth revolves round its own axis in twenty-four the diurnal rotation of the earth round the centre of the cosmical earth packed round it, by the Platonic Timæus.] Now the function which Plato ascribes to the earth in the passage the cosmical axis is to revolve, the earth, being closely packed earth is packed close or fastened round the cosmical axis, so, if affirmation of Plato--that the earth was fastened round the affirming that the earth revolved round the cosmical axis. question thus--"Does Plato in the Timæus conceive the earth as rotation of the earth round the solid cosmical axis, which he that Aristotle ascribed to Plato the doctrine of the rotation of holds that the Platonic Timæus affirms the rotation of the earth, cache = ./cache/40439.txt txt = ./txt/40439.txt Building ./etc/reader.txt 27378 28247 40240 27378 45112 28247 number of items: 37 sum of words: 2,769,438 average size in words: 79,126 average readability score: 69 nouns: sun; earth; stars; time; star; moon; light; planet; distance; years; miles; p.; planets; system; telescope; surface; motion; part; times; bodies; observations; comet; day; place; body; year; matter; work; fact; space; point; water; orbit; way; illustration; heat; line; object; number; atmosphere; period; course; case; theory; sky; centre; life; eye; position; days verbs: is; be; was; are; have; been; were; has; had; made; seen; see; being; found; known; called; do; find; said; know; does; appear; make; say; having; did; observed; seems; according; discovered; given; come; shown; take; taken; supposed; show; seem; give; appears; formed; become; fixed; let; think; appeared; described; brought; moving; says adjectives: other; great; same; many; first; such; solar; more; small; little; different; new; own; large; certain; few; greater; visible; present; much; whole; bright; less; true; long; celestial; dark; general; several; second; possible; astronomical; remarkable; equal; high; double; apparent; various; last; similar; greatest; good; old; full; lunar; able; larger; interesting; vast; important adverbs: not; so; very; only; more; then; now; as; most; even; also; far; out; however; thus; up; about; still; much; well; nearly; therefore; first; again; here; just; almost; indeed; yet; once; perhaps; always; never; too; down; away; ever; all; sometimes; probably; less; long; together; already; on; quite; there; rather; no; often pronouns: it; we; its; he; his; they; their; our; i; them; us; him; you; her; itself; my; himself; she; me; themselves; your; one; ourselves; myself; ours; thy; herself; yourself; thee; theirs; mine; ''s; yours; oneself; ay; thyself; je; u; ignitÃ; hers; yow; yit; venus._--next; us:--; true--"they; th; substance--"they; stars!--they; star,--the; satellites:--''they proper nouns: _; |; footnote; .; jupiter; fig; mars; heavens; herschel; venus; saturn; sun; vol; mr.; earth; observatory; professor; sir; mercury; galileo; newton; de; dr.; kepler; royal; moon; tycho; milky; neptune; way; new; ii; s.; halley; m.; november; uranus; greenwich; william; heaven; copernicus; star; sirius; london; great; i.; john; god; pole; march keywords: star; earth; jupiter; sun; mars; illustration; saturn; great; venus; mr.; moon; planet; mercury; sir; professor; herschel; observatory; milky; fig; dr.; way; time; newton; kepler; tycho; royal; november; neptune; galileo; year; telescope; sea; halley; form; ptolemy; new; light; god; footnote; chapter; uranus; sirius; plate; october; nature; mount; london; laplace; greenwich; greek one topic; one dimension: sun file(s): ./cache/15636.txt titles(s): The Future of Astronomy three topics; one dimension: sun; earth; earth file(s): ./cache/28247.txt, ./cache/22472.txt, ./cache/14565.txt titles(s): A Popular History of Astronomy During the Nineteenth Century Fourth Edition | The Book of the Damned | Cosmos: A Sketch of the Physical Description of the Universe, Vol. 1 five topics; three dimensions: sun earth stars; footnote sun earth; time great work; footnote earth degrees; earth water like file(s): ./cache/45112.txt, ./cache/45356.txt, ./cache/2298.txt, ./cache/14565.txt, ./cache/32598.txt titles(s): Astronomy for Young Folks | New Theories in Astronomy | Great Astronomers | Cosmos: A Sketch of the Physical Description of the Universe, Vol. 1 | Earth and Sky Every Child Should Know Easy studies of the earth and the stars for any time and place Type: gutenberg title: astronomy-from-gutenberg date: 2021-01-15 time: 14:40 username: emorgan patron: Eric Morgan email: emorgan@nd.edu input: subject:"Astronomy" ==== make-pages.sh htm files ==== make-pages.sh complex files ==== make-pages.sh named enities ==== making bibliographics id: 27378 author: Ball, Robert S. (Robert Stawell) title: The Story of the Heavens date: words: 201258.0 sentences: 9180.0 pages: flesch: 67.0 cache: ./cache/27378.txt txt: ./txt/27378.txt summary: watches the moon, or star, or planet enter the field of view; and he fixed stars, the sun, the moon, and the planets. The actual distance of the sun from the earth is about 92,900,000 miles; directly between the earth and the sun, and the dark body of the moon Planets, Mercury, Venus, the Earth, and Mars--Velocity of the Earth--The Outer Planets, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune--Light The sun and the moon, the planets and the comets, the attraction every planet must revolve in an elliptic orbit round the sun, In the case of our own planet, the earth rotates twenty-seven times for globe, and that the earth and all the other planets were small bodies hands, when he observed a small star-like object near the planet. to our position on the earth, we observe the stars from a point of view herself ardently in observing the moon, planets, and stars; and more id: 2298 author: Ball, Robert S. (Robert Stawell) title: Great Astronomers date: words: 92019.0 sentences: 3802.0 pages: flesch: 62.0 cache: ./cache/2298.txt txt: ./txt/2298.txt summary: movement, by which the stars and all other celestial bodies appear to Ptolemy''s astronomical works had appeared a few years before the observations of the new star as those which Tycho made, possessed, places of the moon, the planets, and the stars on the celestial The last of Galileo''s great astronomical discoveries related to the fact, the great observer himself did not accept the new views of as the circumstances of astronomical observation would at that time At the present day, astronomers of the great national observatories illustrious friend''s great work, so that in the same year he was in a movement of the earth around the sun, the star must appear to have great French astronomer sketched for the first time that remarkable earth, the sun, and the five great planets with which Laplace was When he was twenty-eight years old, his first great astronomical id: 28247 author: Clerke, Agnes M. (Agnes Mary) title: A Popular History of Astronomy During the Nineteenth Century Fourth Edition date: words: 223867.0 sentences: 15877.0 pages: flesch: 68.0 cache: ./cache/28247.txt txt: ./txt/28247.txt summary: discoveries of sun-spot and magnetic periodicity and of spectrum Early Views as to the Nature of Sun-spots--Wilson''s Observations and Period of Magnetic Disturbance--Sun-spots and Weather--Spectrum 1901--Movements of Sun and Stars--List of Great Telescopes--List of the "apex," or point of direction of the sun''s motion, close to the star for if the earth really travelled in a vast orbit round the sun, objects were observed for the first time, besides 3,347 double stars discovered [Footnote 117: _Results of Astronomical Observations made during the [Footnote 204: Observations on Uranus, as a supposed fixed star, went Newton showed that the bodies known as "comets," or _hirsute_ stars, records of sun-spot observations, from the time of Galileo and Scheiner dark-line solar spectrum, certain differences were perceiving, showing Sir John Herschel showed that heat-rays at the sun''s surface must [Footnote 755: _The Distance of the Sun from the Earth determined by the id: 28570 author: Dolmage, Cecil Goodrich Julius title: Astronomy of To-day: A Popular Introduction in Non-Technical Language date: words: 103966.0 sentences: 6121.0 pages: flesch: 75.0 cache: ./cache/28570.txt txt: ./txt/28570.txt summary: order outwards the Moon, the planets Mercury and Venus, the Sun, and The sun, of course, occults planets and stars in exactly the same manner sun''s face is hidden as a consequence of the moon''s body coming directly place when the moon comes between the sun and the earth, in such a called a partial eclipse, because from the earth''s surface the sun is by one nearer coming in the way, a total eclipse of the sun is far the whereas an eclipse of the sun can only take place at _new_ moon. nights by the changing positions of the sun, the moon, and the stars; of the planets around the sun, and of the moon around the earth, were course of the year the distance of the earth from the sun varies. distance of forty-eight times that of the earth from the sun. id: 16227 author: Everett, Edward title: The Uses of Astronomy An Oration Delivered at Albany on the 28th of July, 1856 date: words: 20048.0 sentences: 791.0 pages: flesch: 57.0 cache: ./cache/16227.txt txt: ./txt/16227.txt summary: DEDICATION OF NEW YORK STATE GEOLOGICAL HALL. the New State Geological Hall, at Albany,--in the hope that the marked feature in the ceremonies was the magnificent Oration of the Hon. EDWARD EVERETT, inaugurating the Dudley Observatory of Albany; and it is Of the New York State Survey he said:-of the motions of all the heavenly bodies; and the eye of science, reflect honor on the science of any country and any age; I mean the instrumental power; but the want was generally felt by men of science, 2. The second great practical use of an Astronomical Observatory is instrumental power, and of the means of ascertaining the ship''s time At the second dawn of science, the great fact again beamed into the mind There are occasions in life in which a great mind lives years of rapt NEW PERIODS IN ASTRONOMICAL SCIENCE. the advancement of science, to the increase of instrumental power. id: 25267 author: Flammarion, Camille title: Astronomy for Amateurs date: words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: id: 36495 author: Flammarion, Camille title: Astronomical Myths: Based on Flammarions''s "History of the Heavens" date: words: 95884.0 sentences: 4070.0 pages: flesch: 68.0 cache: ./cache/36495.txt txt: ./txt/36495.txt summary: age, the sun and moon and stars, with all the planets, seemed absolutely sun every night, and, therefore, a different set of stars are seen in universal power, governing the heavens, the earth, fire, water, day and years and had seen the course of the sun change four times, and the days of the year by the stars which first appeared in the evening--as we place, like the motion of the earth in modern astronomy, round an saying that Vulcan''s anvil took seven days to fall from heaven to earth, turned about the earth in the same time, 365 days, 5 hours, and 49 doubt place the earth immovable in the centre of world, according to the Brahmins placed the earth in the centre, and said that the stars moved _On the Heavens and the Earth, On the Sun and Moon, the Stars, and Times id: 22472 author: Fort, Charles title: The Book of the Damned date: words: 111634.0 sentences: 6427.0 pages: flesch: 72.0 cache: ./cache/22472.txt txt: ./txt/22472.txt summary: instances of similar objects or substances said to have fallen from the later, another object, like the one said to have fallen in 1819, had The substance that looked like beef that fell from the sky. of a substance that looked like beef fell from the sky--"from a clear lived near said he had seen it fall like flakes with the snow." tentatively and provisionally, we accept the Super-Sargasso Sea. Before we take up an especial expression upon the fall of immature and it--think that carved stone objects have fallen from the sky, because they think they have seen such objects fall from the sky. an object the size of a baseball--but I think a thing could fall from wheel-like objects in the sky, see _Nature_, 22-617; London _Times_, luminous object, had been seen to fall from the sky--or from a As to our data of gelatinous substance said to have fallen to this earth id: 37711 author: Grimm, Florence M. (Florence Marie) title: Astronomical Lore in Chaucer date: words: 32480.0 sentences: 2145.0 pages: flesch: 78.0 cache: ./cache/37711.txt txt: ./txt/37711.txt summary: Venus was the planet of love, Mars, of war and hostility, the sun, hours, imparting its motion to sun, moon, and planets, thus causing day about the earth in the order Moon, Mercury, Venus, Sun, Mars, Jupiter, revolving spheres carrying sun, moon, and planets, regulating light and Chaucer determines the time by observing the position of the sun and by Chaucer''s references to the daily motion of the sun about the earth are References in Chaucer to the sun''s yearly motion are in the same sense Once again in the _Frankeleyns Tale_ Chaucer refers to the sun''s learning during Chaucer''s century, the sun and moon were also held to be By "artificial day" Chaucer means the time during which the sun is century to determine the position of the sun, moon, or planets at any time earth in a definite time, the sun in a year, the moon in 29-1/2 days. id: 40439 author: Grote, George title: Plato''s Doctrine Respecting the Rotation of the Earth and Aristotle''s Comment Upon That Doctrine date: words: 13501.0 sentences: 922.0 pages: flesch: 70.0 cache: ./cache/40439.txt txt: ./txt/40439.txt summary: Platonic words, he calls the earth [Greek: ê(me/ras phu/lax kai\ first, in the rotation of the earth round its own axis, next, at believe that the earth revolves round its own axis in twenty-four the diurnal rotation of the earth round the centre of the cosmical earth packed round it, by the Platonic Timæus.] Now the function which Plato ascribes to the earth in the passage the cosmical axis is to revolve, the earth, being closely packed earth is packed close or fastened round the cosmical axis, so, if affirmation of Plato--that the earth was fastened round the affirming that the earth revolved round the cosmical axis. question thus--"Does Plato in the Timæus conceive the earth as rotation of the earth round the solid cosmical axis, which he that Aristotle ascribed to Plato the doctrine of the rotation of holds that the Platonic Timæus affirms the rotation of the earth, id: 19395 author: Hale, George Ellery title: The New Heavens date: words: 16807.0 sentences: 793.0 pages: flesch: 61.0 cache: ./cache/19395.txt txt: ./txt/19395.txt summary: The sun, 865,000 miles in diameter, from a direct photograph showing Twenty-foot Michelson interferometer for measuring star diameters, four stars, on the average, were seen in the field of the telescope. of stars, are on so great a scale (according to Shapley) that light, the 100-inch telescope, on its way up Mount Wilson.] the 100-inch Hooker telescope to follow the stars.] In less powerful telescopes the stars at the centre of the great laboratories, in which the sun and stars are examined by powerful measurement of star diameters if a sufficiently large interferometer angular diameter is perhaps as great as that of any other star. Hooker telescope, and path of the two pencils of light from a star of measuring the diameter of a star, and the 20-foot interferometer by the great distance of the star, which is about 160 light-years. An image of the sun about 16 inches in diameter is formed in the id: 29031 author: Holden, Edward S. (Edward Singleton) title: Sir William Herschel: His Life and Works date: words: 49158.0 sentences: 3192.0 pages: flesch: 75.0 cache: ./cache/29031.txt txt: ./txt/29031.txt summary: In the following account of the life and works of Sir WILLIAM HERSCHEL, on the Periodical Star in Collo Ceti_, by Mr. WILLIAM HERSCHEL, of Bath. For some years HERSCHEL has observed the heavens every hour The memoir on the forty-foot telescope shows throughout that HERSCHEL''S general catalogue existed before HERSCHEL''S time, and led by the In the prosecution of this work HERSCHEL found stars whose light was The double stars were the subject of HERSCHEL''S earliest and of his The question of determining the parallax of stars first brought HERSCHEL case of one of HERSCHEL''S double stars, in much the same order in which HERSCHEL himself lived to see some of his double stars perform observed (by Sir JOHN HERSCHEL) with a telescope of twenty feet, similar Sun and Fixed Stars_ (1795), HERSCHEL recounts what was known of the of each double star [observed by HERSCHEL], brought together on id: 14565 author: Humboldt, Alexander von title: Cosmos: A Sketch of the Physical Description of the Universe, Vol. 1 date: words: 178998.0 sentences: 8936.0 pages: flesch: 61.0 cache: ./cache/14565.txt txt: ./txt/14565.txt summary: a. Form of the earth, its mean density, quantity of heat, electro-magnetic volcanic rocks, spring water forms, by precipitation, strata of limestone. barometrical height at the level of the sea in different zones of the earth. existing among the facts observed, can not form a conception of the present times that of the Earth; period of revolution, 217.387 years; mean long., according to the different degrees of distance from the Sun, appears very obedience to the laws of general gravity in conic sections round the Sun. When these masses meet the Earth in their course, and are attracted by it, [footnote] *Argelander, in the important observations on the northern light accurate observations on the temperature of the sea at different latitudes [footnote] *See the series of observations made by me in the South Sea, observed in different portions of the earth''s surface, to manifest such a id: 45112 author: Lewis, Isabel Martin title: Astronomy for Young Folks date: words: 65367.0 sentences: 3172.0 pages: flesch: 72.0 cache: ./cache/45112.txt txt: ./txt/45112.txt summary: knowledge of the sun, moon, stars and planets, their motions and cluster of faint stars known as The Pleiades, lying a short distance brighter stars in the group surpass the sun many times in brightness. thirty-three light-years, the sun would appear as a star of the fifth earth and the sun, all the planets have moons or satellites of their That is, the moon, as well as the sun, stars and planets, rises in This star is about ten light-years distant from the earth, which the sun and the stars as well as the planets were in motion. or Orion star is about one hundred times more luminous than the sun, sixty-three thousand times the distance from the earth to the sun or sixty-three thousand times the distance from the earth to the sun or The nearest star is about 275,000 times more distant than the sun, id: 28613 author: Lodge, Oliver, Sir title: Pioneers of Science date: words: 112983.0 sentences: 5904.0 pages: flesch: 72.0 cache: ./cache/28613.txt txt: ./txt/28613.txt summary: all-important body in the universe, if the sun and planets and stars planets and stars revolve round our insignificant earth was too great to The length of the earth''s year is 365·256 days; its mean distance from uniform motion in each circle round the earth as a fixed body. planet''s year depends on the 3/2th power of its distance from the sun. By this time Newton was only forty-five years old, but his main work was moon, which is 60 times as far from the centre of the earth, drops 16 the earth revolved round the sun, how came it that the fixed stars light must be 10,000 times as great as the velocity of the earth in its Newton of the observed facts of the motion of the moon, the way he Now consider the earth and moon revolving round each other like a man id: 28274 author: Lubbock, John, Sir title: The Beauties of Nature, and the Wonders of the World We Live In date: words: 68602.0 sentences: 3457.0 pages: flesch: 75.0 cache: ./cache/28274.txt txt: ./txt/28274.txt summary: both mind and body by a spell of Sea air or Mountain beauty. and the tree-cats are spotted, like rays of light seen through leaves. Fig. 4 represents the Medusa or free form of this beautiful species. In the same way let us take a section of the earth''s surface AB (Fig. 17), and suppose that, by the gradual cooling and consequent contraction A lava stream flows down the slope of the mountain like a burning river, stately rivers, meres and lakes, and last, not least, the great ocean or lake, terraces, which were formed at a time when the river ran at a [Illustration: Fig. 29.--Diagram of an Alpine valley, showing a river [Illustration: Fig. 29.--Diagram of an Alpine valley, showing a river Finally, when the river at length reaches the sea, it in many cases valleys, animals and plants are continually changing: but the Sea is id: 48218 author: Maunder, E. Walter (Edward Walter) title: The Science of the Stars date: words: 26190.0 sentences: 1433.0 pages: flesch: 77.0 cache: ./cache/48218.txt txt: ./txt/48218.txt summary: light, the Sun, was not seen with the stars; the brightness of his had worked out some means for determining what stars the Sun is near at west to east; the Moon moves much slower than the stars, so her motion the deviations from regularity in the planetary motions round the Sun. The Earth having been abandoned as the centre of the universe, a Earth is deflected in the same time, Mercury falling towards the Sun by the Sun amongst the stars gave a yet longer division of time, the year, light of Sun, Moon, or stars, according to the object to which the To observe the motions of the Moon, Sun, and planets, and to determine same size, but since the Sun is 400 times as far off as the Moon it the nearest star to us is nearly 300,000 times as far as the Sun, yet id: 44167 author: Maunder, E. Walter (Edward Walter) title: The Royal Observatory, Greenwich: A Glance at Its History and Work date: words: 65509.0 sentences: 2702.0 pages: flesch: 64.0 cache: ./cache/44167.txt txt: ./txt/44167.txt summary: THE ROYAL OBSERVATORY IN FLAMSTEED''S TIME 44 DOUBLE-STAR OBSERVATION WITH THE SOUTH-EAST EQUATORIAL 308 obtain his own local time by observations of the height of the sun. from a number of given stars at definite times for long periods in stars that Greenwich Observatory was founded, whilst the _Nautical or ''mean time.'' He drew up a catalogue of seventy stars, computing Greenwich Observatory, and for John Flamsteed''s observations made more accurate observations of the place of a star could be obtained As Astronomer Royal his great work was the systematic observation determine the distance of the sun by observations of the transit of in the Astronomer Royal''s house, and the present transit circle room. observations of places of moon, stars, and planets is likewise important duty of the Royal Observatory; and the Time Department, There is a great difference between the work of the observer with instrument is called, and the work of the transit observer. id: 28853 author: Mitton, G. E. (Geraldine Edith) title: The Children''s Book of Stars date: words: 46781.0 sentences: 1852.0 pages: flesch: 76.0 cache: ./cache/28853.txt txt: ./txt/28853.txt summary: The sun, as we all know, appears to cross the sky every day; he gets up think: ''Here is the great solid earth standing still, and the sun and marvellous truth is that, instead of the sun and moon and stars rolling days it was supposed that the sun went round the earth. the earth and all the planets as if they were swinging round the sun, earth-child was going round the sun, so that in a year''s time the moon caused by the earth''s shadow falling upon the moon; and that of the sun own light is the sun; all the rest, the planets and their moons, shine His year--the time he takes to go round the sun and come back to the sun, and can only sometimes be seen as a small star by people who know these other great suns which we call stars have also planets circling id: 4065 author: Newcomb, Simon title: Side-Lights on Astronomy and Kindred Fields of Popular Science date: words: 100253.0 sentences: 4115.0 pages: flesch: 65.0 cache: ./cache/4065.txt txt: ./txt/4065.txt summary: space and all time, as we are forced to believe, then each moving star becomes of the great flood of heat and light which the sun and stars comparative number in the region of the Milky Way. Of the stars visible Let us next count the number of stars visible in a powerful telescope galactic pole, and increases in every direction towards the Milky Way. Without such counts of the stars we might imagine our stellar system to constellations as the Southern Cross, all lie in or near the Milky Way. Schiaparelli has extended the investigation to all the stars visible to astronomer is to determine what stars have proper motions large enough Up to the present time, two stars have been found whose proper motions form a general idea of their average distance, though a great number of present time is that the number of stars in any of these spheres will id: 40240 author: Olmsted, Denison title: Letters on Astronomy in which the Elements of the Science are Familiarly Explained in Connection with Biographical Sketches of the Most Eminent Astronomers date: words: 141513.0 sentences: 5138.0 pages: flesch: 62.0 cache: ./cache/40240.txt txt: ./txt/40240.txt summary: sun, in the moon, in the planets, and especially in the fixed stars, are that the sun, moon, and stars, revolve about it, every day, from east to a _year_ is the period of the revolution of the earth around the sun. motion of the sun around the earth once a year, and occasions the change The motion of the earth in its orbit is nearly seventy times as great as Were a body to fall from a great distance,--suppose a thousand times We have thus far taken the earth''s orbit around the sun as a great twenty-seven days while the moon has been going round the earth, the sun the sun''s apparent revolution round the earth once a year he is situation of the sun, the moon, and the earth, at the time of a solar the earth''s periodic time is one year, and that of the planet Jupiter id: 28434 author: Orchard, Thomas Nathaniel title: The Astronomy of Milton''s ''Paradise Lost'' date: words: 82645.0 sentences: 3387.0 pages: flesch: 60.0 cache: ./cache/28434.txt txt: ./txt/28434.txt summary: galaxies, universes of stars--suns--the innumerable host of heaven, each immovable centre of the universe, round which the Sun, Moon, planets, other celestial bodies--Sun, Moon, and stars, which would appear to have the Earth and planets in their orbits resides in the Sun. By the orb''s Milton supposes that, as the Earth receives light from the stars, she a great central sun, round which all the systems of stars perform their The conclusion that the stars are orbs resembling our Sun in magnitude Sun is one of a group of stars which occupy a region of the heavens as follows: ''If we regard a pair of stars as forming a double sun, round STAR CLUSTERS.--On observing the heavens on a clear, dark night, there heavens, we have no evidence that he regarded the stars as suns, nor the Sun, Moon, planets, and stars; their functional importance as id: 15636 author: Pickering, Edward C. (Edward Charles) title: The Future of Astronomy date: words: 5682.0 sentences: 261.0 pages: flesch: 64.0 cache: ./cache/15636.txt txt: ./txt/15636.txt summary: One might expect that the practical results of a science like The second great advance in astronomy originated in America, and was in The first photographic image of a star was obtained The third great advance in astronomy is in photographing the spectra of receiving at the present time, in nearly all the great observatories in An astronomer who would aid them in this work, by A second method of aiding astronomy is through the large observatories. astronomy is by securing the united work of the leading astronomers of measure the positions of all the stars in these zones. living astronomers, each in his own special line of work, and the latter could not get such an instrument, he measured the positions of the stars one of the great telescopes of the world, photographing the spectrum of consider the next great advance, which perhaps will be a method of id: 26556 author: Proctor, Richard A. (Richard Anthony) title: Myths and Marvels of Astronomy date: words: 120195.0 sentences: 4421.0 pages: flesch: 61.0 cache: ./cache/26556.txt txt: ./txt/26556.txt summary: Though we can understand that in old times the planets and stars were the positions of the various planets, signs, stars, etc., at the time of to the horizon that if the astronomers of the pyramid times had observed year, the ring reflects no light during the night time, the sun being on well known to the learned world,'' he says, ''that every star is a sun in star, like the sun of our system, has around it planets which are sun, and moon, and stars had been set in the heavens for its use and star a sun like him, about which many planets revolve. the formation of the earth and heavens, sun, and moon, and stars; while observation (by which time the new star had faded from the second to the observe the sun for this purpose until the present time. id: 16767 author: Proctor, Richard A. (Richard Anthony) title: Half-hours with the Telescope Being a Popular Guide to the Use of the Telescope as a Means of Amusement and Instruction. date: words: 33645.0 sentences: 1795.0 pages: flesch: 72.0 cache: ./cache/16767.txt txt: ./txt/16767.txt summary: he turns his telescope towards a difficult double star. observer to direct a telescope of moderate power to the examination of way that a simple object-glass forms a telescope, a circumstance we of view of a Galilean Telescope depend on the size of the object-glass, _positive_ eye-piece, because the real image formed by the object-glass For observing objects at great elevations the diagonal eye-tube is view, if the telescope, once directed to the star, be made to revolve applied to the observation of close double or multiple stars, but for neighbouring stream of the Milky Way. Let our observer now direct his telescope to the star [epsilon] Lyræ. ring; and in Lord Rosse''s great Telescope "wisps of stars" are seen towards E.S.E. It is seen as a double star with very moderate telescopic [alpha]^1 of the 4th magnitude; in a good telescope five stars are seen, id: 24883 author: Rogers, Henry Raymond title: New and Original Theories of the Great Physical Forces date: words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: id: 32598 author: Rogers, Julia Ellen title: Earth and Sky Every Child Should Know Easy studies of the earth and the stars for any time and place date: words: 56790.0 sentences: 3466.0 pages: flesch: 83.0 cache: ./cache/32598.txt txt: ./txt/32598.txt summary: The leaves of this great stone book are the layers of rock, laid down Surface water sinks into porous soils and rocks, and accumulates in scale the work of water in cutting away rock walls] water back to the surface, by forming cracks in the earth, and fine, Sand mixed with clay makes a mellow soil, which lets water and air pass The hard water, that comes through limestone rocks, adds lime in river water muddy, accumulates on the sea bottom as banks of mud, which water-formed rocks there were often created chimney-like openings, into the river has little to do but to carry away the surface water that In some places the water cuts away the soft rock and forms a called _metamorphic_ rocks, formed by water, then transformed by heat. The lowest forms of life, plant and animal, live in water to-day. id: 58810 author: Rolfe, W. J. (William James) title: The Heavens Above: A Popular Handbook of Astronomy date: words: 83826.0 sentences: 5763.0 pages: flesch: 77.0 cache: ./cache/58810.txt txt: ./txt/58810.txt summary: _sun_, _planets_, _moons_, _comets_, and _meteors_. line joining the sun and the planet, in these equal times, would all be shows the earth as it would appear to an observer at the sun during each the earth, as seen from the sun at the time of the summer solstice, of The great circle which passes through the centre of the sun and moon side of the moon, a star might be seen at the earth, although really inferior planet as seen from the earth are shown in Fig. 144, in which earth as to the sun: hence, near these parts of its orbit, the planet of the sun as compared with the moon''s orbit is shown in Fig. 154. lines seen on the centre of the sun''s disk often appear more or less shown in Fig. 240, according to the varying distance of the sun and moon id: 6630 author: Serviss, Garrett Putman title: Curiosities of the Sky date: words: 53325.0 sentences: 1914.0 pages: flesch: 60.0 cache: ./cache/6630.txt txt: ./txt/6630.txt summary: with stars, our sun and his relatively few neighbors being placed near far more closely related to one another than is our sun to the stars could be turned into a new course by a close approach to a great sun, course, the earth, piloted by the sun, has come from the Milky Way in formed by chance combinations of conspicuous stars, like figures in a motions of the sun and stars, and have seen that they are so swift of the earth''s orbit, the close approach of a great star to the sun of planets, and the distances of the stars which appear to have been space and appear around the sun like the clouds of dust around a mill. some forming stars that perhaps have no planets, and will have none; planet like the earth; it has an atmosphere, though one of great id: 36741 author: Serviss, Garrett Putman title: Astronomy with an Opera-glass A Popular Introduction to the Study of the Starry Heavens with the Simplest of Optical Instruments date: words: 48768.0 sentences: 2476.0 pages: flesch: 73.0 cache: ./cache/36741.txt txt: ./txt/36741.txt summary: brilliant views of scattered star-clusters as an opera-glass does. opera-glass and begin with the constellation Leo and the star Regulus. stars are marked with their Greek-letter names on our little map, you opera-glass can get a fine view of a celebrated star-cluster known in of Procyon is a third-magnitude star, called Gomelza, and the glass will field-glass not only makes the two stars appear brighter, and their little group of stars near the end of the handle of the Great Dipper, see eight or ten times as many stars, and with a field-glass still more Turn your glass upon the star shown in the map just above Mu ([mu]) and interesting to watch the star with an opera-glass. Near the little star Kappa ([kappa]) in the map will be seen These stars were best seen with a field-glass, although an Opera-glass, views of the stars with, 3. id: 18431 author: Serviss, Garrett Putman title: Other Worlds Their Nature, Possibilities and Habitability in the Light of the Latest Discoveries date: words: 52803.0 sentences: 2289.0 pages: flesch: 65.0 cache: ./cache/18431.txt txt: ./txt/18431.txt summary: facts about the planets Venus, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, etc., as well moon?--Lunar day and night--The earth as seen from the planet Venus, when viewed with a telescope, shows phases like those of at different rates, among them; the nearer planets, Venus and the earth, Being, like Mercury, nearer to the sun than the earth is, Venus also is earth, being an outer planet, is visible at times in that part of the Mars is the fourth planet in the order of distance from the sun, and the the sun as seen from the earth--Mars''s average distance from us is about be nearer than 744,000,000 miles to the earth, or eight times the sun''s the sun, so that the distance of the moon from the earth is continually orbit about the sun is more curved than the moon''s, and the earth is planets--Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, etc. id: 28752 author: Serviss, Garrett Putman title: Pleasures of the telescope An Illustrated Guide for Amateur Astronomers and a Popular Description of the Chief Wonders of the Heavens for General Readers date: words: 53129.0 sentences: 3011.0 pages: flesch: 74.0 cache: ./cache/28752.txt txt: ./txt/28752.txt summary: eighth-magnitude star, a short distance northeast of the Great Nebula, three-inch, as it consists of a light-yellow star of magnitude three and 627, a double star, magnitude six and a half and seven, distance 21", p. magnitude star is again double, distance 4", p. Burnham has seen a star of thirteen and a half magnitude, distance remarkable for array of small stars near it; 38, double, magnitudes six of larger star blue--try with the five-inch; epsilon, double, magnitudes Other objects in Cancer are: Sigma 1223, double star, magnitudes six and seen shining with the light of a tenth-magnitude star, _but presenting six-inch telescope it would be a waste of time to attack the double star double, both stars being of the sixth magnitude, distance 5", p. double, both stars being of the sixth magnitude, distance 5", p. beautiful star are of magnitudes three and six, distance 10", colors id: 35744 author: Stimson, Dorothy title: The gradual acceptance of the Copernican theory of the universe date: words: 50040.0 sentences: 3995.0 pages: flesch: 74.0 cache: ./cache/35744.txt txt: ./txt/35744.txt summary: observing the work of God''s hand, he appears at the same time to be another work, the book of Hammarmunah the Old, stating that "the earth [Footnote 41: By the will of God the earth remains motionless and earth''s motion around the sun a hundred years before Copernicus; but a work." But the Cardinal stated these views of the earth''s motions in a [Footnote 102: Copernicus: _De Revolutionibus_, Thorn edit., 444. [Footnote 113: As the earth moves, the position in the heavens of a sun at the center of the universe rather than in the earth, in order heavens, and believed the earth was at the center of the universe admit new positions, for he never mentioned the motion of the earth the Scriptures that the earth is the principal body of the universe, moves the earth could not at the same time and with like motion move id: 45356 author: Stirling, William title: New Theories in Astronomy date: words: 133636.0 sentences: 5681.0 pages: flesch: 70.0 cache: ./cache/45356.txt txt: ./txt/45356.txt summary: a given time, because the attractive force of the earth increases--up mass of heat sticking to the surface of a block of matter of any kind. cubic miles for the ring at the same density as the nebula; so, the volume of the earth nebula, which at 234,620,000 miles in diameter miles alone of solid matter to be 2·25 times that of water. 7918 miles, and mean density at 5·66 times that of water, as already 190 Density of inner half of earth at 3000 miles diameter. 190 Density of inner half of earth at 3000 miles diameter. our estimate of 3 times the density of water, at 9 miles deep, was far period of time before the nebula forming the earth came to have even miles diameter, with density equal to air at atmospheric pressure, and measure, the sun''s attraction of the matter of the nebula towards his id: 39142 author: Todd, David P. (David Peck) title: Astronomy: The Science of the Heavenly Bodies date: words: 100360.0 sentences: 4143.0 pages: flesch: 60.0 cache: ./cache/39142.txt txt: ./txt/39142.txt summary: the origin, nature, and destinies of planets, sun, and star; observe sun, moon, and stars, because all the bodies of the cosmos were of three bodies (sun, earth, and moon) under the Newtonian law of the horizon, whether the sun was observed or moon or stars. planets were displaced among the stars by the annual motion of the earth measures of the position of sun, moon, and stars. the moon in Newton''s time was better known in terms of the earth''s size stars with the annual motion of the earth round the sun affords the spectrum of sun or star, and the position of these dark lines will first star was photographed, in 1851 the first total eclipse of the sun; Knowing thus the relation of sun, moon, and stars, and the number of the Evidently the earth by its motion round the sun makes every star id: 33337 author: Turner, H. H. (Herbert Hall) title: Astronomical Discovery date: words: 58928.0 sentences: 2903.0 pages: flesch: 66.0 cache: ./cache/33337.txt txt: ./txt/33337.txt summary: number to a planet until it was quite certain that the discovery was new, accuracy, from observing the time of her revolution round the sun; the recorded by different observers were compared with the true time, which stars, it is not easy to directly observe the place of the sun among the new determinations of the sun''s distance, using three of the minor planets ordinary star, by Flamsteed, Lemonnier, Bradley, and Mayer, all observers [Sidenote: Adams'' announcement of the new planet.] [Sidenote: Airy announces the likelihood of a new planet, and suggests a [Sidenote: He finds too late that he had observed the planet.] [Sidenote: Curious difference between actual and supposed planet.] that time, Bradley made that long and wonderful series of observations [Sidenote: The Oxford new star found during work on Astrographic Chart.] Generally these stars have been noted by eye observation, as in the case [Sidenote: Bradley''s observations.] id: 15620 author: Warren, Henry White title: Recreations in Astronomy With Directions for Practical Experiments and Telescopic Work date: words: 68848.0 sentences: 4605.0 pages: flesch: 79.0 cache: ./cache/15620.txt txt: ./txt/15620.txt summary: the force of condensation it flamed like a sun, and not only lighted The heat of the sun, by its intense vibrations, comes to the earth by the rolling over of the earth [Page 65] the star will come into stars the earth''s enormous orbit, if lying like a blazing ring in star Vega in the west, touching our [Page 71] earth''s orbit on one D (Fig. 29), the distance of the moon and [Page 72] star is A E, light of the sun of the world into bodies, and vivify them according [Illustration: Fig. 42.--Showing the Sun''s Movement among the Stars.] earth the centre, and that the sun, moon, and stars were carried When Mercury comes between the earth and the sun, near the line The moon''s day, caused by the sun''s light, is 29-1/2 times as long earth received light from the sun. ==== make-pages.sh questions ==== make-pages.sh search ==== make-pages.sh topic modeling corpus Zipping study carrel