The union of the two kingdoms of Scotland and England, or, The elaborate papers of Sir Francis Bacon ...
         Bacon, Francis, 1561-1626.
      
       
         
           1670
        
      
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             The union of the two kingdoms of Scotland and England, or, The elaborate papers of Sir Francis Bacon ...
             Bacon, Francis, 1561-1626.
             Irvine, Christopher, fl. 1638-1685.
          
           [8], 63 p.
           
             [s.n.],
             Edinburgh :
             1670.
          
           
             Edited by C. Irvine.
             Reproduction of original in the Huntington Library.
          
        
      
    
     
       
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           THE
           UNION
           OF
           THE
           TWO
           KINGDOMS
           OF
           SCOTLAND
           AND
           ENGLAND
           :
           OR
           ,
           The
           elaborate
           Papers
           of
           Sir
           
             Francis
             Bacon
          
           ,
           Lord
           Verulam
           ,
           Viscount
           of
           
             St.
             Alban
          
           ,
           sometime
           High
           Chancellor
           of
           England
           ;
        
         
           The
           greatest
           Sates-man
           of
           his
           Nation
           ,
           and
           Schollar
           of
           his
           Age
           ,
           concerning
           that
           Affair
           .
        
         
           Published
           in
           this
           form
           ,
           for
           publick
           satisfaction
           .
        
         
           
             Nullum
             numen
             abest
          
           .
        
         
           Edinburgh
           ,
           Printed
           in
           the
           year
           ,
           1670.
           
        
      
       
         
         
         
           FOR
           The
           Right
           HONOURABLE
           ,
           Sir
           
             ANDREW
             RAMSAY
          
           KNIGHT
           ,
           Barron
           of
           Abbots-hall
           ,
           &c.
           
           Lord
           Provost
           of
           Edinburgh
           ,
           and
           one
           of
           His
           Majesties
           most
           Honourable
           Privy
           Council
           .
        
         
           
             My
             Lord
             ,
          
        
         
           OF
           the
           Union
           of
           the
           two
           Kingdoms
           now
           happily
           intended
           ,
           these
           being
           the
           Elaborate
           and
           most
           Learned
           Thoughts
           and
           Resolutions
           of
           that
           great
           States-man
           ,
           yet
           more
           great
           
           Lawyer
           ,
           but
           most
           of
           all
           ,
           the
           far
           greatest
           Schollar
           of
           his
           Age
           and
           Nation
           ,
           Sir
           
             Francis
             Bacon
          
           ,
           Lord
           Verulam
           ,
           Viscount
           of
           
             St.
             Alban
          
           ,
           presented
           to
           our
           sometimes
           Great
           SOVERAIGN
           ,
           King
           James
           ,
           the
           most
           Wise
           and
           Learned
           ;
           I
           have
           advised
           them
           again
           to
           the
           Press
           ,
           for
           the
           satisfaction
           of
           divers
           Noble
           and
           Worthy
           Persons
           ,
           the
           Book
           in
           which
           they
           first
           came
           to
           light
           ,
           being
           too
           voluminous
           for
           ordinary
           use
           ,
           and
           rarely
           to
           be
           found
           in
           this
           Kingdom
           .
           And
           now
           ,
           my
           Lord
           ,
           I
           have
           made
           bold
           to
           give
           you
           the
           trouble
           of
           this
           Address
           ,
           and
           present
           these
           few
           Papers
           ,
           though
           small
           in
           bulk
           ,
           yet
           vast
           in
           matter
           ,
           to
           your
           hands
           ,
           both
           upon
           my
           own
           ,
           and
           the
           Authors
           account
           .
           Upon
           mine
           own
           ,
           who
           have
           ever
           been
           your
           most
           humble
           
           Client
           ,
           and
           have
           had
           your
           noble
           Friendship
           and
           Favour
           to
           countenance
           me
           in
           all
           my
           private
           concerns
           :
           And
           moreover
           ,
           you
           do
           as
           
             Chief
             Magistrate
          
           ,
           govern
           that
           City
           in
           which
           I
           was
           first
           educate
           in
           the
           Peripatetickwalks
           ,
           and
           under
           ,
           and
           in
           which
           ,
           I
           have
           for
           divers
           years
           profest
           Letters
           ,
           or
           practised
           Chyrurgery
           and
           Physick
           ;
           and
           with
           the
           rest
           of
           my
           fellow
           Citizens
           ,
           have
           found
           such
           refreshment
           under
           your
           Shade
           and
           Care
           ,
           that
           I
           thought
           it
           my
           duty
           to
           signifie
           it
           by
           this
           small
           testimony
           of
           my
           thankfulness
           .
           And
           I
           am
           sure
           ,
           that
           upon
           the
           Authors
           account
           ,
           there
           is
           not
           a
           fitter
           Person
           ,
           to
           whom
           these
           Papers
           could
           be
           committed
           .
           The
           great
           prudence
           and
           knowledge
           he
           had
           in
           State
           Affairs
           ,
           made
           him
           very
           acceptable
           to
           
           the
           Kings
           and
           People
           of
           his
           own
           Nation
           ;
           and
           the
           great
           moderation
           ,
           watchfulness
           and
           wisdom
           you
           have
           used
           in
           governing
           this
           City
           ,
           one
           of
           the
           greatest
           Interests
           of
           this
           Kingdom
           ,
           hath
           endeared
           you
           to
           all
           the
           Princes
           and
           Chiefs
           of
           this
           People
           .
           What
           labour
           and
           trouble
           you
           put
           upon
           your self
           to
           preserve
           it
           under
           the
           late
           Usurpers
           ,
           your
           very
           enemies
           do
           acknowledge
           and
           praise
           .
           How
           your
           care
           and
           resolution
           preserved
           it
           from
           ruine
           ,
           when
           the
           VVest
           Male-contents
           came
           marching
           to
           its
           very
           Gates
           ,
           all
           that
           were
           faithful
           to
           His
           Majesties
           Service
           are
           ready
           to
           witness
           .
           And
           with
           what
           sweetness
           and
           calmness
           you
           have
           keeped
           together
           the
           Union
           of
           the
           Burgesses
           ,
           who
           were
           ready
           ,
           through
           heat
           and
           unadvisedness
           ,
           to
           divide
           themselves
           ,
           
           your
           late
           appearance
           before
           the
           Right
           Honourable
           Committee
           of
           Trade
           ,
           and
           your
           oppose
           to
           those
           that
           were
           ready
           to
           violate
           the
           
             old
             Sett
          
           of
           the
           Good-Town
           ,
           is
           a
           testimony
           above
           exception
           .
           I
           could
           add
           many
           more
           evidences
           of
           your
           great
           Prudence
           and
           Moderation
           ;
           but
           I
           will
           rather
           forbear
           them
           ,
           then
           give
           the
           least
           blush
           or
           trouble
           to
           your
           modesty
           :
           Only
           this
           I
           must
           add
           ,
           that
           as
           your
           Lordship
           hath
           been
           a
           great
           Preserver
           of
           the
           Union
           of
           this
           Burgh
           ;
           So
           I
           do
           not
           doubt
           ,
           but
           you
           ,
           who
           are
           the
           most
           eminent
           Member
           of
           a
           Party
           not
           least
           concerned
           in
           this
           Affair
           ,
           I
           mean
           the
           Burroughs
           ,
           will
           with
           your
           good
           advices
           ,
           endeavour
           such
           an
           Union
           of
           the
           two
           Kingdoms
           ,
           as
           shall
           most
           advance
           the
           Glory
           and
           Prerogative
           
           of
           our
           Gracious
           King
           ,
           and
           promove
           most
           the
           Honour
           ,
           Trade
           and
           Safety
           of
           both
           People
           .
           This
           and
           your
           Preservation
           ,
           shall
           ever
           be
           the
           sincere
           Devotion
           of
           ,
        
         
           
             
               My
               Lord
            
             ,
             Your
             most
             humble
             Servant
             ,
          
           
             C.
             Irvin
             .
          
        
      
    
     
       
         
           
           
             A
             Speech
             used
             by
             Sir
             
               Francis
               Bacon
            
             in
             the
             Lower
             House
             of
             
               Parliament
               ,
               50.
               
               Jacobi
            
             ,
             concerning
             the
             Article
             of
             general
             Naturalization
             of
             the
             Scots
             Nation
             .
          
           
             IT
             may
             please
             you
             (
             Mr.
             Speaker
             )
             Preface
             I
             will
             use
             none
             ,
             but
             put
             my self
             upon
             your
             good
             Opinions
             ,
             to
             which
             I
             have
             been
             accustomed
             beyond
             my
             deservings
             .
             Neither
             will
             I
             hold
             you
             in
             suspence
             ,
             what
             way
             I
             will
             choose
             ;
             but
             now
             at
             the
             first
             ,
             declare
             my self
             ,
             that
             I
             mean
             to
             counsel
             the
             House
             to
             Naturalize
             this
             Nation
             .
             Wherein
             ,
             nevertheless
             ,
             I
             have
             a
             request
             to
             make
             unto
             you
             ;
             which
             is
             of
             more
             efficacy
             to
             the
             purpose
             I
             have
             in
             hand
             ,
             then
             all
             that
             I
             shall
             say
             afterwards
             .
             And
             it
             is
             the
             same
             which
             Demosthenes
             did
             ,
             more
             then
             once
             in
             great
             Causes
             of
             Estate
             ,
             to
             the
             people
             of
             
               Athens
               ,
               Ut
               cum
               calcul●
               Suffragiorum
               ,
               sumant
               Magnanimitatem
               Reip.
            
             That
             when
             they
             took
             into
             their
             hands
             ,
             the
             Balls
             whereby
             to
             give
             their
             Voices
             ,
             (
             according
             as
             the
             manner
             of
             them
             was
             )
             They
             would
             raise
             their
             thoughts
             ,
             and
             lay
             aside
             those
             considerations
             which
             their
             private
             Vocations
             and
             Degrees
             mought
             minister
             and
             represent
             unto
             them
             ;
             And
             would
             take
             upon
             them
             cogitations
             and
             minds
             ,
             agreeable
             to
             the
             Dignity
             and
             Honour
             of
             the
             Estate
             .
          
           
             For
             ,
             (
             Mr.
             Speaker
             )
             as
             it
             was
             aptly
             and
             sharply
             said
             by
             Alexander
             to
             Parmenio
             ;
             when
             upon
             the
             Recital
             of
             the
             
             great
             offers
             which
             Darius
             made
             ,
             Parmenio
             said
             unto
             him
             ,
             
               I
               would
               accept
               these
               offers
               ,
               were
               I
               as
            
             Alexander
             :
             He
             turned
             it
             upon
             him
             again
             ,
             
               So
               would
               I
            
             (
             saith
             he
             )
             
               were
               I
               as
            
             Parmenio
             .
             So
             in
             this
             cause
             ,
             if
             an
             honest
             English
             Merchant
             (
             I
             do
             not
             single
             out
             that
             State
             in
             disgrace
             ,
             for
             this
             Island
             ever
             held
             it
             Honourable
             ,
             but
             only
             for
             an
             instance
             of
             a
             private
             profession
             )
             If
             an
             English
             Merchant
             should
             say
             ,
             
               Surely
               I
               would
               proceed
               no
               further
               in
               the
               Union
               ,
               were
               I
               as
               the
               King
            
             ;
             It
             mought
             be
             reasonably
             answered
             ,
             
               No
               more
               would
               the
               King
               ,
               were
               He
               as
               an
               English
               Merchant
               .
            
             And
             the
             like
             may
             be
             said
             of
             a
             Gentleman
             of
             the
             Countrey
             ,
             be
             he
             never
             so
             worthy
             and
             sufficient
             ;
             Or
             of
             a
             Lawyer
             ,
             be
             he
             never
             so
             wise
             and
             learned
             ;
             Or
             of
             any
             other
             particular
             condition
             in
             this
             Kingdom
             .
             For
             certainly
             (
             Mr.
             Speaker
             )
             if
             a
             man
             shall
             be
             only
             or
             chiefly
             sensible
             of
             those
             respects
             ,
             which
             his
             particular
             Vocation
             and
             Degree
             shall
             suggest
             and
             infuse
             into
             him
             ,
             and
             not
             enter
             into
             true
             and
             worthy
             considerations
             of
             Estate
             ,
             he
             shall
             never
             be
             able
             aright
             to
             give
             counsel
             ,
             or
             to
             take
             counsel
             in
             this
             matter
             .
             So
             that
             it
             this
             request
             be
             granted
             ,
             I
             account
             the
             cause
             obtained
             .
          
           
             But
             to
             proceed
             to
             the
             matter
             it self
             .
             All
             Consultations
             do
             rest
             upon
             Questions
             comparative
             .
             For
             when
             a
             question
             is
             
               de
               Vero
            
             ,
             it
             is
             simple
             ,
             for
             there
             is
             but
             one
             Truth
             :
             But
             when
             a
             question
             is
             
               de
               Bono
            
             ,
             it
             is
             for
             the
             most
             part
             comparative
             :
             For
             there
             be
             differing
             degrees
             of
             Good
             and
             Evil
             ;
             and
             the
             best
             of
             the
             Good
             is
             to
             be
             preferred
             and
             chosen
             ,
             and
             the
             worst
             of
             the
             Evil
             is
             to
             be
             declined
             and
             avoided
             .
             And
             therefore
             ,
             in
             a
             Question
             of
             this
             nature
             ,
             you
             may
             not
             look
             for
             Answers
             proper
             to
             every
             inconvenience
             alledged
             ;
             For
             somewhat
             that
             cannot
             be
             specially
             answered
             ,
             may
             nevertheless
             be
             encountred
             and
             overweighed
             ,
             by
             matter
             of
             greater
             moment
             .
             And
             therefore
             ,
             the
             matter
             which
             I
             shall
             set
             forth
             unto
             you
             ,
             will
             naturally
             receive
             this
             distribution
             of
             three
             parts
             .
          
           
           
             First
             ,
             an
             Answer
             unto
             those
             inconveniences
             which
             have
             been
             alledged
             to
             ensue
             ,
             if
             we
             should
             give
             way
             to
             this
             Naturalization
             ;
             which
             ,
             I
             suppose
             ,
             you
             will
             find
             not
             to
             be
             so
             great
             as
             they
             have
             been
             made
             ;
             but
             that
             much
             dross
             is
             put
             into
             the
             ballance
             ,
             to
             help
             to
             make
             weight
             .
          
           
             Secondly
             ,
             an
             Encounter
             against
             the
             remain
             of
             those
             inconveniences
             which
             cannot
             properly
             be
             answered
             ,
             by
             much
             greater
             inconveniences
             which
             we
             shall
             incur
             ,
             if
             we
             do
             not
             proceed
             to
             this
             Naturalization
             .
          
           
             Thirdly
             ,
             an
             Encounter
             likewise
             ,
             but
             of
             another
             nature
             ;
             That
             is
             ,
             by
             the
             gain
             and
             benefit
             which
             we
             shall
             draw
             and
             purchase
             to
             our selves
             ,
             by
             proceeding
             to
             this
             Naturalization
             .
             And
             yet
             to
             avoid
             confusion
             ,
             which
             evermore
             followeth
             of
             too
             much
             Generality
             ,
             it
             is
             necessary
             for
             me
             ,
             before
             I
             proceed
             to
             perswasion
             ,
             to
             use
             some
             distribution
             of
             the
             Points
             or
             Parts
             of
             Naturalization
             :
             which
             certainly
             can
             be
             no
             better
             nor
             none
             other
             ,
             than
             the
             ancient
             distribution
             of
             
               Jus
               Civitatis
               ,
               Jus
               Suffragii
               ,
               vel
               Tribus
               ,
            
             and
             
               Petitionis
               ,
               sive
               Honorum
            
             .
             For
             all
             ability
             and
             capacity
             is
             either
             of
             private
             Interest
             ,
             of
             
               Meum
               &
               Tuum
            
             ,
             or
             of
             publick
             Service
             :
             And
             the
             publick
             consisteth
             chiefly
             ,
             either
             in
             Voice
             or
             in
             Office.
             Now
             it
             is
             the
             first
             of
             these
             (
             Mr.
             Speaker
             )
             that
             I
             will
             only
             handle
             at
             this
             time
             ,
             and
             in
             this
             place
             ;
             and
             reserve
             the
             other
             two
             for
             a
             Committee
             ,
             because
             they
             receive
             more
             distinction
             and
             restriction
             .
          
           
             To
             come
             therefore
             to
             the
             inconveniences
             alledged
             on
             the
             other
             part
             .
             The
             first
             of
             them
             is
             ,
             that
             there
             may
             ensue
             of
             this
             Naturalization
             ,
             a
             surcharge
             of
             people
             upon
             this
             Realm
             of
             England
             ,
             which
             is
             supposed
             already
             to
             have
             the
             full
             charge
             and
             content
             ;
             and
             therefore
             ,
             there
             cannot
             be
             an
             adm●ssion
             of
             the
             adoptive
             ,
             without
             a
             diminution
             of
             the
             Fortunes
             and
             Conditions
             of
             those
             that
             are
             Native
             Subjects
             of
             this
             Realm
             .
             A
             grave
             objection
             (
             Mr.
             Speaker
             )
             and
             very
             dutiful
             ;
             for
             it
             proceedeth
             not
             of
             any
             unkindness
             to
             the
             Scots
             
             Nation
             ,
             but
             of
             a
             natural
             fastness
             to
             our selves
             .
             For
             that
             Answer
             of
             the
             Virgins
             ,
             
               Ne
               forte
               non
               sufficiat
               Vobis
               &
               Nobis
               ,
            
             proceeded
             not
             out
             of
             any
             envy
             or
             malign
             humour
             ,
             but
             out
             of
             providence
             ,
             and
             that
             original
             charity
             which
             begins
             with
             our selves
             .
             And
             I
             must
             confess
             (
             Mr.
             Speaker
             )
             that
             as
             the
             Gentleman
             said
             ,
             when
             Abraham
             and
             Lot
             ,
             in
             regard
             of
             the
             greatness
             of
             their
             Families
             ,
             grew
             pent
             and
             straitned
             ;
             it
             is
             true
             ,
             that
             (
             Brethren
             though
             they
             were
             )
             they
             grew
             to
             difference
             ,
             and
             to
             those
             words
             ,
             
               Vade
               tu
               ad
               dextram
               ,
               &
               ego
               ad
               sinistram
               ,
            
             &c.
             
             But
             certainly
             ,
             I
             should
             never
             have
             brought
             that
             example
             on
             that
             side
             ;
             for
             we
             see
             what
             followed
             of
             it
             ,
             how
             that
             this
             separation
             ,
             
               ad
               dextram
            
             and
             
               ad
               sinistram
            
             ,
             caused
             the
             miserable
             captivity
             of
             the
             one
             Brother
             ,
             and
             the
             dangerous
             ,
             though
             prosperous
             war
             ,
             of
             the
             other
             ,
             for
             his
             rescous
             and
             recovery
             .
          
           
             But
             to
             this
             objection
             (
             M.
             Speaker
             )
             being
             so
             weighty
             and
             so
             principal
             ,
             I
             mean
             to
             give
             three
             several
             Answers
             ;
             every
             one
             of
             them
             being
             ,
             to
             mine
             understanding
             ,
             by
             it self
             sufficient
             .
          
           
             The
             first
             is
             ,
             that
             this
             Opinion
             of
             the
             numbers
             of
             the
             Scots
             Nation
             ,
             that
             should
             be
             likely
             to
             plant
             themselves
             here
             amongst
             us
             ,
             will
             be
             found
             to
             be
             a
             thing
             rather
             in
             conceit
             then
             in
             event
             .
             For
             (
             Mr.
             Speaker
             )
             you
             shall
             find
             these
             plausible
             similitudes
             ,
             of
             a
             Tree
             that
             will
             thrive
             the
             better
             if
             it
             be
             removed
             into
             the
             more
             fruitful
             Soil
             ;
             And
             of
             Sheep
             or
             Cattel
             ,
             that
             if
             they
             find
             a
             gap
             or
             passage
             open
             ,
             will
             leave
             the
             more
             barren
             Pasture
             ,
             and
             get
             into
             the
             more
             rich
             and
             plentiful
             ;
             To
             be
             but
             Arguments
             meerly
             superficial
             ,
             and
             to
             have
             no
             sound
             resemblance
             with
             the
             transplanting
             or
             transferring
             of
             Families
             .
             For
             the
             Tree
             ,
             we
             know
             ,
             by
             nature
             ,
             as
             soon
             as
             it
             is
             set
             in
             the
             better
             ground
             ,
             can
             fasten
             upon
             it
             and
             take
             nutriment
             from
             it
             ;
             And
             a
             Sheep
             ,
             as
             soon
             as
             he
             gets
             into
             the
             better
             Pasture
             ,
             what
             should
             let
             him
             to
             graze
             and
             feed
             ?
             But
             there
             belongeth
             more
             (
             I
             take
             it
             )
             to
             a
             Family
             or
             
             particular
             person
             ,
             that
             shall
             remove
             from
             one
             Nation
             to
             another
             :
             For
             if
             (
             Mr.
             Speaker
             )
             they
             have
             not
             Stock
             ,
             Means
             ,
             Acquaintance
             and
             Custom
             ,
             Habitation
             ,
             Trades
             ,
             Countenance
             and
             the
             like
             ;
             I
             hope
             ,
             you
             doubt
             not
             but
             they
             will
             starve
             in
             the
             midst
             of
             the
             rich
             Pasture
             ,
             and
             are
             far
             enough
             off
             from
             grazing
             at
             their
             pleasure
             .
             And
             therefore
             ,
             in
             this
             point
             which
             is
             conjectural
             ,
             experience
             is
             the
             best
             Guide
             ;
             for
             the
             time
             past
             is
             a
             Pattern
             of
             the
             time
             to
             come
             .
             I
             think
             no
             man
             doubteth
             (
             Mr.
             Speaker
             )
             but
             his
             Majesties
             first
             coming
             in
             was
             as
             the
             greatest
             Spring-tide
             ,
             for
             the
             confluence
             and
             entrance
             of
             that
             Nation
             .
             Now
             I
             would
             fain
             understand
             ,
             in
             these
             four
             years
             space
             ,
             and
             in
             the
             fulness
             and
             strength
             of
             the
             Current
             and
             Tide
             ,
             how
             many
             Families
             of
             the
             Scots
             men
             are
             planted
             in
             the
             Cities
             ,
             Burroughs
             and
             Towns
             of
             this
             Kingdom
             ?
             For
             I
             do
             assure
             my self
             ,
             that
             ,
             more
             then
             some
             persons
             of
             Quality
             about
             his
             Majesties
             Person
             here
             at
             the
             Court
             and
             in
             London
             ,
             and
             some
             other
             inferiour
             persons
             that
             have
             a
             dependancy
             upon
             them
             ;
             The
             Return
             and
             Certificate
             ,
             if
             such
             a
             Survey
             should
             be
             made
             ,
             would
             be
             of
             a
             number
             extremely
             small
             .
             I
             report
             me
             to
             all
             your
             private
             knowledges
             ,
             of
             the
             places
             where
             you
             inhabite
             .
          
           
             Now
             (
             Mr.
             Speaker
             )
             as
             I
             said
             ,
             
               Si
               in
               Ligno
               viridi
               it
               a
               fit
               ,
               quid
               fiet
               in
               arido
               ?
            
             I
             am
             sure
             there
             will
             be
             no
             more
             such
             Spring-tides
             .
             But
             ,
             you
             will
             tell
             me
             of
             a
             multitude
             of
             Families
             of
             the
             Scots
             Nation
             in
             Polonia
             ;
             And
             if
             they
             multiply
             in
             a
             Country
             so
             far
             off
             ,
             how
             much
             more
             here
             at
             hand
             ?
             For
             that
             ,
             (
             Mr.
             Speaker
             )
             you
             must
             impute
             it
             ,
             of
             necessity
             ,
             to
             some
             special
             accident
             of
             time
             and
             place
             ,
             that
             draweth
             them
             thither
             .
             For
             you
             see
             plainly
             ,
             before
             your
             eyes
             ,
             that
             in
             Germany
             ,
             which
             is
             much
             nearer
             ,
             and
             in
             France
             ,
             where
             they
             are
             invited
             with
             Priviledges
             ,
             and
             with
             this
             very
             Priviledge
             of
             Naturalization
             ,
             yet
             no
             such
             number
             can
             be
             found
             :
             So
             as
             it
             cannot
             be
             either
             nearness
             of
             place
             or
             priviledge
             of
             person
             ,
             that
             is
             the
             cause
             .
             But
             shall
             I
             tell
             you
             (
             Mr.
             Speaker
             )
             what
             I
             
             think
             ;
             Of
             all
             the
             places
             in
             the
             world
             ,
             near
             or
             far
             off
             ,
             they
             will
             never
             take
             that
             course
             of
             life
             in
             this
             Kingdom
             ,
             which
             they
             content
             themselves
             with
             in
             Poland
             :
             For
             we
             see
             it
             to
             be
             the
             nature
             of
             all
             men
             ,
             that
             they
             will
             rather
             discover
             poverty
             abroad
             then
             at
             home
             .
             There
             is
             never
             a
             Gentleman
             that
             hath
             over-reached
             himself
             in
             expence
             ,
             and
             thereby
             must
             abate
             his
             Countenance
             ,
             but
             he
             will
             rather
             travel
             and
             do
             it
             abroad
             then
             at
             home
             .
             And
             we
             know
             well
             ,
             they
             have
             good
             high
             Stomachs
             ,
             and
             have
             ever
             stood
             in
             some
             terms
             and
             emulation
             with
             us
             ;
             and
             therefore
             they
             will
             never
             live
             here
             ,
             except
             they
             can
             live
             in
             good
             fashion
             .
             So
             as
             I
             assure
             you
             (
             Mr.
             Speaker
             )
             I
             am
             of
             opinion
             ,
             that
             the
             strife
             which
             we
             have
             now
             to
             admit
             them
             ,
             will
             have
             like
             sequel
             as
             that
             contention
             had
             between
             the
             Nobility
             and
             People
             of
             Rome
             ,
             for
             the
             admitting
             of
             a
             Plebeian
             Consul
             ;
             which
             while
             it
             was
             in
             passing
             ,
             was
             very
             vehement
             and
             mightily
             stood
             upon
             :
             and
             when
             the
             people
             had
             obtained
             it
             ,
             they
             never
             made
             any
             Plebeian
             Consul
             ,
             no
             not
             in
             sixty
             years
             after
             .
             And
             so
             will
             this
             be
             for
             many
             years
             ,
             as
             I
             am
             perswaded
             ,
             rather
             a
             matter
             in
             opinion
             ,
             then
             in
             use
             or
             effect
             .
             And
             this
             is
             the
             first
             Answer
             that
             I
             give
             to
             this
             main
             inconvenience
             pretended
             ,
             of
             surcharge
             of
             People
             .
          
           
             The
             second
             Answer
             which
             I
             give
             to
             this
             Objection
             ,
             is
             this
             .
             I
             must
             have
             leave
             to
             doubt
             ,
             (
             Mr.
             Speaker
             )
             that
             this
             Realm
             of
             England
             is
             not
             yet
             peopled
             to
             the
             full
             .
             For
             certain
             it
             is
             ,
             that
             the
             Territories
             of
             
               France
               ,
               Italy
               ,
               Flanders
            
             and
             some
             parts
             of
             Germany
             ,
             do
             in
             equal
             space
             of
             ground
             bear
             and
             contain
             a
             far
             greater
             quantity
             of
             People
             ,
             if
             they
             were
             mustered
             by
             the
             Poll.
             Neither
             can
             I
             see
             ,
             that
             this
             Kingdom
             is
             so
             much
             inferiour
             unto
             those
             forraign
             parts
             in
             fruitfulness
             ,
             as
             it
             is
             in
             population
             ;
             which
             makes
             me
             conceive
             ,
             we
             have
             not
             our
             full
             charge
             .
             Besides
             ,
             I
             do
             see
             manifestly
             among
             us
             ,
             the
             badges
             and
             tokens
             rather
             of
             scarceness
             then
             of
             press
             of
             people
             ;
             as
             drowned
             Grounds
             ,
             Commons
             ,
             Wastes
             
             and
             the
             like
             :
             Which
             is
             a
             plain
             demonstration
             ,
             that
             howsoever
             there
             may
             bean
             over
             swelling
             throng
             and
             press
             of
             people
             here
             about
             London
             ;
             which
             is
             most
             in
             our
             eye
             ,
             yet
             the
             body
             of
             the
             Kingdom
             is
             but
             thin
             sown
             with
             People
             .
             And
             whosoever
             shall
             compare
             the
             ruines
             and
             decayes
             of
             ancient
             Towns
             in
             this
             Realm
             ,
             with
             the
             erections
             and
             augmentations
             of
             new
             ;
             cannot
             but
             judge
             ,
             that
             this
             Realm
             hath
             been
             far
             better
             peopled
             in
             former
             times
             ,
             It
             may
             be
             ,
             in
             the
             Heptarchy
             or
             otherwise
             :
             For
             generally
             the
             Rule
             holdeth
             ,
             
               The
               Smaller
               State
               ,
               the
               greater
               Population
               ,
               proratd
               .
            
             And
             whether
             this
             be
             true
             or
             no
             ,
             we
             need
             not
             seek
             further
             then
             to
             call
             to
             our
             remembrance
             ,
             how
             many
             of
             us
             serve
             here
             in
             this
             place
             ,
             for
             desolate
             and
             decayed
             Burroughs
             .
             Again
             (
             Mr.
             Speaker
             )
             whosoever
             looketh
             into
             the
             Principles
             of
             Estate
             ,
             must
             hold
             it
             ,
             that
             it
             is
             the
             Mediterrane
             Countries
             ,
             and
             not
             the
             Maritime
             ,
             which
             need
             to
             fear
             surcharge
             of
             People
             .
             For
             all
             Sea-Provinces
             ,
             especially
             Islands
             ,
             have
             another
             Element
             besides
             the
             Earth
             and
             Soil
             ,
             for
             their
             sustentation
             .
             For
             what
             an
             infinite
             number
             of
             people
             are
             and
             may
             be
             sustained
             by
             Fishing
             ,
             Carriage
             by
             Sea
             and
             Merchandizing
             ?
             wherein
             I
             do
             again
             discover
             ,
             that
             we
             are
             not
             at
             all
             pinched
             by
             multitude
             of
             people
             :
             For
             if
             we
             were
             ,
             it
             were
             not
             possible
             that
             we
             should
             relinquish
             and
             resign
             such
             an
             infinite
             benefit
             of
             Fishing
             to
             the
             Flemmings
             ,
             as
             it
             is
             well
             known
             we
             do
             .
             And
             therefore
             ,
             I
             see
             that
             we
             have
             wastes
             by
             Sea
             ,
             as
             well
             as
             by
             Land
             :
             which
             still
             is
             an
             infallible
             Argument
             ,
             that
             our
             Industry
             is
             not
             awaked
             to
             seek
             maintainance
             ,
             by
             any
             over
             great
             press
             or
             charge
             of
             People
             .
          
           
             And
             lastly
             (
             Mr.
             Speaker
             )
             there
             was
             never
             any
             Kingdom
             ,
             in
             the
             Ages
             of
             the
             world
             ,
             had
             ,
             I
             think
             ,
             so
             fair
             and
             happy
             means
             to
             issue
             and
             discharge
             the
             multitude
             of
             their
             People
             (
             if
             it
             were
             too
             great
             )
             as
             this
             Kingdom
             hath
             ;
             in
             regard
             of
             that
             desolate
             and
             avasted
             Kingdom
             of
             Ireland
             ,
             which
             (
             being
             a
             Countrey
             blessed
             with
             almost
             all
             the
             Dowries
             of
             Nature
             ,
             
             as
             Rivers
             ,
             Havens
             ,
             Woods
             ,
             Quarries
             ,
             good
             Soil
             and
             temperate
             Climate
             ,
             and
             now
             at
             last
             ,
             under
             his
             Majesty
             ,
             blessed
             also
             with
             obedience
             )
             doth
             ,
             as
             it
             were
             ,
             continually
             call
             unto
             us
             for
             our
             Colonies
             and
             Plantations
             .
             And
             so
             I
             conclude
             my
             second
             Answer
             to
             this
             pretended
             inconvenience
             of
             surcharge
             of
             People
             .
          
           
             The
             third
             Answer
             (
             Mr.
             Speaker
             )
             which
             I
             give
             is
             this
             .
             I
             demand
             ,
             what
             is
             the
             worst
             effect
             which
             can
             follow
             of
             surcharge
             of
             People
             ?
             Look
             into
             all
             Stories
             ,
             and
             you
             shall
             find
             it
             none
             other
             then
             some
             honourable
             War
             ,
             for
             the
             enlargement
             of
             their
             Borders
             ,
             which
             find
             themselves
             pent
             ,
             upon
             foreign
             parts
             .
             Which
             inconvenience
             ,
             in
             a
             valourous
             and
             warlike
             Nation
             ,
             I
             know
             not
             whether
             I
             should
             term
             an
             inconvenience
             or
             no
             :
             For
             the
             saying
             is
             most
             true
             ,
             though
             in
             another
             sense
             ,
             
               Omne
               solum
               forti
               Patria
            
             .
             It
             was
             spoken
             indeed
             of
             the
             patience
             of
             an
             exil'd
             man
             ;
             but
             it
             is
             no
             less
             true
             of
             the
             valout
             of
             a
             warlike
             Nation
             .
             And
             certainly
             (
             Mr.
             Speaker
             )
             I
             hope
             I
             may
             speak
             it
             without
             offence
             ,
             That
             if
             we
             did
             hold
             our selves
             worthy
             ,
             whensoever
             just
             cause
             should
             be
             given
             ,
             either
             to
             recover
             our
             ancient
             Rights
             ,
             or
             to
             revenge
             our
             late
             wrongs
             ,
             or
             to
             attain
             the
             Honour
             of
             our
             Ancestors
             ,
             or
             to
             enlarge
             the
             Patrimony
             of
             our
             Posterity
             ;
             We
             would
             never
             in
             this
             manner
             forget
             considerations
             of
             Amplitude
             and
             Greatness
             ,
             and
             fall
             at
             variance
             about
             Profit
             and
             Reckonings
             ;
             fitter
             a
             great
             deal
             for
             private
             Persons
             ,
             then
             for
             Parliaments
             and
             Kingdoms
             .
             And
             thus
             (
             Mr.
             Speaker
             )
             I
             leave
             this
             first
             Objection
             ,
             to
             such
             satisfaction
             as
             you
             have
             heard
             .
          
           
             The
             second
             Objection
             is
             ,
             that
             the
             Fundamental
             Laws
             of
             both
             these
             Kingdoms
             of
             England
             and
             Scotland
             ,
             are
             yet
             divers
             and
             several
             ;
             Nay
             more
             ,
             that
             it
             is
             declared
             by
             the
             Instrument
             ,
             that
             they
             shall
             so
             continue
             ,
             and
             that
             there
             is
             no
             intent
             in
             his
             Majesty
             to
             make
             innovation
             in
             them
             :
             And
             therefore
             ,
             that
             it
             should
             not
             be
             seasonable
             to
             proceed
             to
             this
             Naturalization
             ,
             I
             hereby
             to
             endow
             them
             with
             our
             Rights
             
             and
             Priviledges
             ,
             except
             they
             should
             likewise
             receive
             and
             submit
             themselves
             to
             our
             Laws
             .
             And
             this
             Objection
             likewise
             (
             Mr.
             Speaker
             )
             I
             allow
             to
             be
             a
             weighty
             Objection
             ,
             and
             worthy
             to
             be
             well
             answered
             and
             discussed
             .
          
           
             The
             Answer
             which
             I
             shall
             offer
             ,
             is
             this
             .
             It
             is
             true
             ,
             for
             mine
             own
             part
             (
             Mr.
             Speaker
             )
             that
             I
             wish
             the
             Scots
             Nation
             governed
             by
             our
             Laws
             ;
             for
             I
             hold
             our
             Laws
             ,
             with
             some
             reducement
             ,
             worthy
             to
             govern
             ,
             if
             it
             were
             the
             world
             .
             But
             ,
             this
             is
             that
             which
             I
             say
             ,
             and
             I
             desire
             therein
             your
             attention
             ;
             That
             ,
             according
             to
             the
             true
             reason
             of
             Estate
             ,
             Naturalization
             is
             ,
             in
             order
             ,
             first
             and
             precedent
             to
             Union
             of
             Laws
             ;
             in
             degree
             ,
             a
             less
             matter
             then
             Union
             of
             Laws
             ;
             and
             in
             nature
             ,
             separable
             ,
             not
             inseparable
             ,
             from
             Union
             of
             Laws
             .
             For
             ,
             Naturalization
             doth
             but
             take
             out
             the
             marks
             of
             a
             Forraigner
             ;
             but
             Union
             of
             Laws
             makes
             them
             entirely
             as
             our selves
             :
             Naturalization
             taketh
             away
             separation
             ,
             but
             Union
             of
             Laws
             doth
             take
             away
             distinction
             .
             Do
             we
             not
             see
             (
             Mr.
             Speaker
             )
             that
             in
             the
             administration
             of
             the
             world
             ,
             under
             the
             great
             Monarch
             ,
             God
             himself
             ,
             that
             His
             Laws
             are
             divers
             ;
             one
             Law
             in
             Spirits
             ,
             another
             in
             Bodies
             ;
             One
             Law
             in
             Regions
             Coelestial
             ,
             another
             Elementary
             ;
             And
             yet
             the
             Creatures
             are
             all
             one
             Mass
             and
             Lump
             ,
             without
             any
             vacuum
             or
             separation
             ?
             Do
             we
             not
             see
             likewise
             ,
             in
             the
             State
             of
             the
             Church
             ,
             that
             amongst
             people
             of
             all
             Languages
             and
             Linages
             ,
             there
             is
             one
             
               Communion
               of
               Saints
            
             ;
             and
             that
             we
             are
             all
             fellow
             Citizens
             ,
             and
             naturalized
             of
             the
             Heavenly
             Hierusalem
             :
             And
             yet
             ,
             nevertheless
             ,
             divers
             and
             several
             Ecclesiastical
             Laws
             ,
             Policies
             and
             Hierarchies
             ?
             According
             to
             the
             Speech
             of
             that
             worthy
             Father
             ,
             
               In
               veste
               varietas
               sit
               ,
               scissura
               non
               sit
               .
            
             And
             therefore
             ,
             certainly
             (
             Mr.
             Speaker
             )
             the
             Bond
             of
             Law
             is
             the
             more
             special
             and
             private
             Bond
             ;
             and
             the
             Bond
             of
             Naturalization
             the
             more
             common
             and
             general
             .
             For
             the
             Laws
             are
             rather
             
               Figura
               Reip.
            
             then
             Forma
             ;
             and
             rather
             Bonds
             of
             Perfection
             ,
             then
             Bonds
             of
             Entireness
             .
             And
             therefore
             ,
             we
             see
             in
             the
             
             experience
             of
             our
             own
             Government
             ,
             that
             in
             the
             Kingdom
             of
             Ireland
             ,
             all
             our
             Statute-Laws
             ,
             since
             Poyning-Laws
             ,
             are
             not
             in
             force
             ;
             and
             yet
             we
             deny
             them
             not
             the
             benefit
             of
             Naturalization
             .
             In
             
               Gersey
               ,
               Guernsey
            
             and
             the
             
               Isle
               of
               Man
            
             ,
             our
             Common
             Laws
             are
             not
             in
             force
             ;
             and
             yet
             they
             have
             the
             benefit
             of
             Naturalization
             .
             Neither
             need
             any
             man
             doubt
             ,
             but
             that
             our
             Laws
             and
             Customs
             must
             in
             small
             time
             gather
             and
             win
             upon
             theirs
             .
             For
             ,
             here
             's
             the
             Seat
             of
             the
             Kingdom
             ,
             whence
             come
             the
             supreme
             Directions
             of
             Estate
             ;
             Here
             is
             the
             Kings
             Person
             and
             Example
             ,
             of
             which
             the
             Verse
             saith
             ,
             
               Regis
               ad
               exemplum
               tot
               us
               componitur
               Orbis
               .
            
          
           
             And
             therefore
             ,
             it
             is
             not
             possible
             ,
             although
             not
             by
             solemn
             and
             formal
             Act
             of
             Estates
             ,
             yet
             by
             the
             secret
             operation
             of
             no
             long
             time
             ,
             but
             they
             will
             come
             under
             the
             yoke
             of
             our
             Laws
             ;
             and
             so
             ,
             
               Dulcis
               tractus
               pari
               jugo
            
             .
             And
             this
             is
             the
             Answer
             I
             give
             to
             this
             second
             Objection
             .
          
           
             The
             third
             Objection
             is
             ,
             some
             inequality
             in
             the
             Fortunes
             of
             these
             two
             Nations
             ,
             England
             and
             Scotland
             ;
             By
             the
             commixture
             whereof
             ,
             there
             may
             ensue
             advantage
             to
             them
             ,
             and
             loss
             to
             us
             :
             Wherein
             (
             Mr.
             Speaker
             )
             it
             is
             well
             ,
             that
             this
             difference
             or
             disparity
             consisteth
             but
             in
             external
             Goods
             of
             Fortune
             .
             For
             indeed
             ,
             it
             must
             needs
             be
             confessed
             ,
             that
             for
             the
             Goods
             of
             the
             Mind
             and
             Body
             ,
             they
             are
             
               Alteri
               Nos
               ,
               Other
               our selves
            
             .
             For
             ,
             to
             do
             them
             but
             right
             ,
             we
             know
             in
             their
             capacity
             and
             understanding
             ,
             they
             are
             a
             People
             ingenious
             ;
             in
             Labour
             industrious
             ;
             in
             Courage
             valiant
             ;
             in
             Body
             hard
             ,
             active
             and
             comely
             .
             More
             might
             be
             said
             ,
             but
             in
             commending
             them
             ,
             we
             do
             but
             in
             effect
             commend
             our selves
             :
             for
             they
             are
             of
             one
             piece
             and
             continent
             with
             us
             ;
             and
             the
             truth
             is
             ,
             we
             are
             participant
             both
             of
             their
             Virtues
             and
             Vices
             .
             For
             ,
             if
             they
             have
             been
             noted
             to
             be
             a
             Pople
             not
             so
             tractable
             in
             Government
             ,
             we
             cannot
             without
             flattering
             our selves
             ,
             free
             our selves
             altogether
             from
             that
             fault
             ,
             being
             a
             thing
             indeed
             incident
             to
             all
             Martial
             People
             .
             As
             we
             see
             it
             evident
             by
             the
             
             example
             of
             the
             Romans
             and
             others
             :
             Even
             like
             unto
             fierce
             Horses
             ,
             that
             though
             they
             be
             of
             better
             service
             then
             others
             ,
             yet
             are
             they
             harder
             to
             guide
             and
             to
             mannage
             .
          
           
             But
             for
             this
             Objection
             (
             Mr.
             Speaker
             )
             I
             purpose
             to
             answer
             it
             ,
             not
             by
             Authority
             of
             Scripture
             ,
             which
             saith
             ,
             
               Beatius
               est
               dare
               quam
               accipere
            
             ;
             but
             by
             an
             Authority
             ,
             framed
             and
             derived
             from
             the
             judgement
             of
             our selves
             and
             our
             Ancestors
             ,
             in
             the
             same
             case
             as
             to
             this
             point
             .
             For
             (
             Mr.
             Speaker
             )
             in
             all
             the
             Line
             of
             our
             Kings
             ,
             none
             useth
             to
             carry
             greater
             commendation
             then
             his
             Majesties
             Noble
             Progenitour
             ,
             King
             Edward
             ,
             the
             first
             of
             that
             Name
             :
             And
             amongst
             his
             other
             commendations
             both
             of
             War
             and
             Policy
             ,
             none
             is
             more
             celebrated
             then
             his
             purpose
             and
             enterprise
             for
             the
             Conquest
             of
             Scotland
             ;
             as
             not
             bending
             his
             designs
             to
             glorious
             Acquests
             abroad
             ,
             but
             to
             solid
             strength
             at
             home
             :
             which
             nevertheless
             ,
             if
             it
             had
             succeeded
             well
             ,
             could
             not
             but
             have
             brought
             in
             all
             those
             inconveniences
             ,
             of
             the
             commixture
             of
             a
             more
             opulent
             Kingdom
             ,
             with
             a
             less
             ,
             that
             are
             now
             alledged
             .
             For
             it
             is
             not
             the
             yoke
             either
             of
             our
             Armes
             or
             of
             our
             Laws
             ,
             that
             can
             alter
             the
             nature
             of
             the
             Climate
             ,
             or
             the
             nature
             of
             the
             Soil
             :
             Neither
             is
             it
             the
             manner
             of
             the
             commixture
             ,
             that
             can
             alter
             the
             matter
             of
             the
             commixture
             .
             And
             therefore
             (
             Mr.
             Speaker
             )
             if
             it
             were
             good
             for
             us
             then
             ,
             it
             is
             good
             for
             us
             now
             ;
             and
             not
             to
             be
             prised
             the
             less
             because
             we
             paid
             not
             so
             dear
             for
             it
             .
             But
             a
             more
             full
             Answer
             to
             this
             Objection
             ,
             I
             refer
             over
             to
             that
             which
             will
             come
             after
             to
             be
             spoken
             ,
             touching
             Surety
             and
             Greatness
             .
          
           
             The
             fourth
             Objection
             (
             Mr.
             Speaker
             )
             is
             not
             properly
             an
             Objection
             ,
             but
             rather
             a
             pre-occupation
             of
             an
             Objection
             of
             the
             other
             side
             :
             For
             it
             may
             be
             said
             ,
             and
             very
             materially
             ,
             whereabout
             do
             we
             contend
             ?
             The
             benefit
             of
             Naturalization
             is
             by
             the
             Law
             ,
             in
             as
             many
             as
             have
             been
             ,
             or
             shall
             be
             born
             since
             his
             Majesties
             coming
             to
             the
             Crown
             ,
             already
             settled
             and
             invested
             .
             There
             is
             no
             more
             then
             ,
             but
             to
             bring
             the
             
             Ante-nati
             into
             the
             degree
             of
             the
             Post-nati
             ;
             that
             men
             grown
             that
             have
             well-deserved
             ,
             may
             be
             in
             no
             worse
             case
             then
             children
             which
             have
             not
             deserved
             ;
             and
             elder
             brothers
             in
             no
             worse
             case
             then
             younger
             brothers
             .
             So
             as
             we
             stand
             upon
             Quiddam
             ,
             not
             Quantum
             ;
             being
             but
             a
             little
             difference
             of
             time
             ,
             of
             one
             Generation
             from
             another
             .
          
           
             To
             this
             (
             Mr.
             Speaker
             )
             it
             is
             said
             by
             some
             ,
             that
             the
             Law
             is
             not
             so
             ,
             but
             that
             the
             Post-nati
             are
             Aliens
             as
             well
             as
             the
             rest
             .
             A
             point
             that
             I
             mean
             not
             much
             to
             argue
             ;
             both
             because
             it
             hath
             been
             well
             spoken
             to
             ,
             by
             the
             Gentleman
             that
             spoke
             last
             before
             me
             ;
             and
             because
             I
             do
             desire
             in
             this
             case
             and
             in
             this
             place
             ,
             to
             speak
             rather
             of
             Convenience
             than
             of
             Law.
             Only
             this
             will
             I
             say
             ,
             That
             that
             opinion
             seems
             to
             me
             contrary
             to
             reason
             of
             Law
             ,
             contrary
             to
             form
             of
             pleading
             in
             Law
             ,
             and
             contrary
             to
             Authority
             and
             Experience
             of
             Law.
             For
             reason
             of
             Law
             ,
             when
             I
             meditate
             of
             it
             ,
             Methinks
             the
             wisdom
             of
             the
             Common
             Laws
             of
             England
             ,
             well
             observed
             ,
             is
             admirable
             ,
             in
             the
             distribution
             of
             the
             benefit
             and
             protection
             of
             the
             Laws
             ,
             according
             to
             the
             several
             conditions
             of
             persons
             ,
             in
             an
             excellent
             proportion
             .
             The
             degrees
             are
             four
             ,
             but
             bipartite
             ;
             Two
             of
             Aliens
             ,
             and
             two
             of
             Subjects
             .
             The
             first
             degree
             is
             of
             an
             Alien
             ,
             born
             under
             a
             King
             or
             State
             that
             is
             an
             enemy
             .
             If
             such
             an
             one
             come
             into
             this
             Kingdom
             without
             safe
             conduct
             ,
             it
             is
             at
             his
             peril
             :
             The
             Law
             giveth
             him
             no
             protection
             ,
             neither
             for
             Body
             ,
             Lands
             nor
             Goods
             ;
             So
             as
             if
             he
             be
             slain
             ,
             there
             is
             no
             remedy
             by
             any
             Appeal
             at
             the
             parties
             sute
             ,
             although
             his
             Wife
             were
             an
             English
             woman
             :
             Marry
             at
             the
             Kings
             sute
             the
             case
             may
             be
             otherwise
             ,
             in
             regard
             of
             the
             offence
             to
             the
             Peace
             .
             The
             second
             degree
             ,
             is
             of
             an
             Alien
             that
             is
             born
             under
             the
             Faith
             and
             Allegiance
             of
             a
             King
             or
             State
             that
             is
             a
             friend
             .
             Unto
             such
             a
             person
             ,
             the
             Law
             doth
             impart
             a
             greater
             benefit
             and
             protection
             ;
             that
             is
             ,
             concerning
             things
             personal
             ,
             transitory
             and
             moveable
             ;
             as
             Goods
             and
             Chattels
             ,
             Contracts
             and
             the
             like
             :
             But
             not
             concerning
             Freehold
             
             and
             Inheritance
             :
             And
             the
             reason
             is
             ,
             because
             he
             may
             be
             an
             enemy
             ,
             though
             he
             be
             not
             .
             For
             the
             State
             ,
             under
             the
             obeysance
             of
             which
             he
             is
             ,
             may
             enter
             into
             quarrel
             and
             hostility
             ;
             and
             therefore
             ,
             as
             the
             Law
             hath
             but
             a
             transitory
             assurance
             of
             him
             ,
             so
             it
             rewards
             him
             but
             with
             transitory
             benefits
             .
             The
             third
             degree
             is
             of
             a
             Subject
             ,
             who
             having
             been
             an
             Alien
             ,
             is
             by
             Charter
             made
             Denizen
             .
             To
             such
             an
             one
             ,
             the
             Law
             doth
             impart
             yet
             a
             more
             ample
             benefit
             :
             For
             ,
             it
             gives
             him
             power
             to
             purchase
             Free-hold
             and
             Inheritance
             to
             his
             own
             use
             ,
             and
             likewise
             enables
             the
             Children
             ,
             born
             after
             his
             Denization
             ,
             to
             inherit
             :
             But
             yet
             ,
             nevertheless
             ,
             he
             cannot
             make
             Title
             ,
             or
             convey
             Pedegree
             from
             any
             Ancestour
             Paramount
             .
             For
             the
             Law
             thinks
             not
             good
             to
             make
             him
             in
             the
             same
             degree
             with
             a
             Subject
             born
             ;
             because
             he
             was
             once
             an
             Alien
             ,
             and
             so
             mought
             once
             have
             been
             an
             enemy
             .
             And
             
               Nemo
               subitò
               fingitur
            
             :
             Mens
             affections
             cannot
             be
             so
             settled
             by
             any
             benefit
             ,
             as
             when
             from
             their
             Nativity
             they
             are
             inbred
             and
             inherent
             .
             And
             the
             fourth
             degree
             ,
             which
             is
             the
             perfect
             degree
             ,
             is
             of
             such
             a
             person
             that
             neither
             is
             enemy
             ,
             nor
             can
             be
             enemy
             in
             time
             to
             come
             ,
             nor
             could
             have
             been
             enemy
             at
             any
             time
             past
             ;
             And
             therefore
             ,
             the
             Law
             gives
             unto
             him
             the
             full
             benefit
             of
             Naturalization
             .
             Now
             (
             Mr.
             Speaker
             )
             if
             these
             be
             the
             true
             steps
             and
             paces
             of
             the
             Law
             ,
             no
             man
             can
             deny
             ,
             but
             whosoever
             is
             born
             under
             the
             Kings
             Obedience
             ,
             never
             could
             ,
             in
             
               aliquo
               puncto
               temporis
            
             ,
             be
             an
             enemy
             ;
             (
             a
             Rebel
             he
             mought
             be
             ,
             but
             no
             Enemy
             )
             And
             therefore
             ,
             in
             reason
             of
             Law
             ,
             is
             naturalized
             :
             Nay
             ,
             contrary-wise
             ,
             he
             is
             bound
             ,
             
               Jure
               Nativitatis
            
             ,
             to
             defend
             this
             Kingdom
             of
             England
             against
             all
             Invaders
             or
             Rebels
             :
             And
             therefore
             ,
             as
             he
             is
             oblieged
             to
             the
             protection
             of
             Arms
             ,
             and
             that
             perpetually
             and
             universally
             ;
             So
             he
             is
             to
             have
             the
             perpetual
             and
             universal
             benefit
             and
             protection
             of
             Law
             ,
             which
             is
             Naturalization
             .
          
           
             For
             form
             of
             Pleading
             ,
             it
             is
             true
             ,
             that
             hath
             been
             said
             ,
             That
             if
             a
             man
             would
             plead
             another
             to
             be
             an
             Alien
             ,
             he
             must
             not
             
             only
             set
             forth
             negatively
             and
             privatively
             ,
             that
             he
             was
             born
             out
             of
             the
             obedience
             of
             our
             Soveraign
             Lord
             the
             King
             ,
             but
             affirmatively
             ,
             under
             the
             obedience
             of
             a
             forreign
             King
             or
             State
             in
             particular
             ;
             which
             never
             can
             be
             done
             in
             this
             case
             .
          
           
             As
             for
             Authority
             ,
             I
             will
             not
             press
             it
             ;
             you
             know
             all
             what
             hath
             been
             published
             by
             the
             Kings
             Proclamations
             .
          
           
             And
             for
             experience
             of
             Law
             ,
             we
             see
             it
             in
             the
             Subjects
             of
             Ireland
             ,
             in
             the
             Subjects
             of
             Gersey
             and
             Guernsey
             ,
             parcels
             of
             the
             Dutchy
             of
             Normandy
             ;
             in
             the
             Subjects
             of
             Calleis
             (
             when
             it
             was
             English
             )
             which
             was
             parcel
             of
             the
             Crown
             of
             France
             .
             But
             ,
             as
             I
             said
             ,
             I
             am
             not
             willing
             to
             enter
             into
             an
             Argument
             of
             Law
             ,
             but
             to
             hold
             my self
             to
             point
             of
             Convenience
             .
          
           
             So
             as
             for
             my
             part
             ,
             I
             hold
             all
             Post-nati
             naturalized
             ,
             
               ipso
               jure
            
             .
             But
             yet
             ,
             I
             am
             far
             from
             opinion
             ,
             that
             it
             should
             be
             a
             thing
             superfluous
             to
             have
             it
             done
             by
             Parliament
             ;
             chiefly
             ,
             in
             respect
             of
             that
             true
             principle
             ,
             
               Principum
               Actiones
               praecipuè
               ad
               famam
               sunt
               componendae
               .
            
             It
             will
             lift
             up
             a
             Sign
             to
             all
             the
             world
             ,
             of
             our
             love
             towards
             them
             ,
             and
             good
             agreement
             with
             them
             .
             And
             these
             are
             (
             Mr.
             Speaker
             )
             the
             matterial
             Objections
             which
             have
             been
             made
             of
             the
             other
             side
             ,
             whereunto
             you
             have
             heard
             mine
             Answers
             :
             Weigh
             them
             in
             your
             wisdoms
             .
             And
             so
             I
             conclude
             that
             general
             part
             .
          
           
             Now
             (
             Mr.
             Speaker
             )
             according
             as
             I
             promised
             ,
             I
             must
             fill
             the
             other
             ballance
             ,
             in
             expressing
             unto
             you
             the
             inconveniencies
             which
             we
             shall
             incur
             ,
             if
             we
             shall
             not
             proceed
             to
             this
             Naturalization
             :
             Wherein
             ,
             that
             inconvenience
             ,
             which
             of
             all
             others
             and
             alone
             by
             it self
             ,
             if
             there
             were
             none
             other
             ,
             doth
             exceedingly
             move
             me
             ,
             and
             may
             move
             you
             ,
             is
             a
             Position
             of
             Estate
             ,
             collected
             out
             of
             the
             Records
             of
             time
             ;
             which
             is
             this
             ,
             That
             wheresoever
             several
             Kingdoms
             or
             Estates
             have
             been
             united
             in
             Soveraignty
             ,
             if
             that
             Union
             hath
             not
             been
             fortified
             and
             bound
             in
             with
             a
             further
             Union
             ,
             and
             namely
             that
             which
             is
             now
             in
             question
             ,
             of
             Naturalization
             ;
             this
             hath
             followed
             ,
             That
             at
             one
             time
             or
             other
             they
             have
             broken
             again
             ,
             
             being
             upon
             all
             occasions
             apt
             to
             revolt
             ,
             and
             relapse
             to
             the
             former
             separation
             .
          
           
             Of
             this
             assertion
             ,
             the
             first
             example
             which
             I
             will
             set
             before
             you
             ,
             is
             of
             that
             memorable
             Union
             which
             was
             between
             the
             Romans
             and
             the
             Latines
             ,
             which
             continued
             from
             the
             Battail
             at
             the
             Lake
             of
             Regilla
             ,
             for
             many
             years
             ,
             untill
             the
             Consulships
             of
             
               T.
               Manlius
            
             and
             
               P.
               Decius
            
             .
             At
             what
             time
             ,
             there
             began
             about
             this
             very
             point
             of
             Naturalization
             ,
             that
             War
             which
             was
             called
             ,
             
               Bellum
               Sociale
            
             ;
             being
             the
             most
             bloody
             and
             pernicious
             War
             ,
             that
             ever
             the
             Roman
             State
             endured
             ;
             wherein
             ,
             after
             numbers
             of
             Battails
             ,
             and
             infinite
             Sieges
             and
             Surprises
             of
             Towns
             ,
             the
             Romans
             in
             the
             end
             prevailed
             ,
             and
             mastered
             the
             Latines
             .
             But
             assoon
             as
             ever
             they
             had
             the
             honour
             of
             the
             War
             ,
             looking
             back
             into
             what
             perdition
             and
             confusion
             they
             were
             near
             to
             have
             been
             brought
             ,
             they
             presently
             naturalized
             them
             all
             .
             You
             speak
             of
             a
             Naturalization
             in
             blood
             ;
             there
             was
             a
             Naturalization
             indeed
             in
             blood
             .
          
           
             Let
             me
             set
             before
             you
             again
             ,
             the
             example
             of
             Sparta
             ,
             and
             the
             rest
             of
             Peloponnesus
             their
             Associats
             .
             The
             State
             of
             Sparta
             was
             a
             nice
             and
             jealous
             State
             in
             this
             point
             ,
             of
             imparting
             Naturalization
             to
             their
             Confederates
             :
             But
             what
             was
             the
             issue
             of
             it
             ?
             After
             they
             had
             held
             them
             in
             a
             kind
             of
             Society
             and
             Amity
             for
             divers
             years
             ,
             upon
             the
             first
             occasion
             given
             (
             which
             was
             no
             more
             ,
             then
             the
             surprize
             of
             the
             Castle
             of
             Thebes
             ,
             by
             certain
             desperate
             Conspirators
             in
             the
             habit
             of
             Masquers
             )
             There
             ensued
             immediatly
             a
             general
             revolt
             and
             defection
             of
             their
             Associats
             ;
             which
             was
             the
             ruine
             of
             their
             State
             ,
             never
             afterwards
             to
             be
             recovered
             .
          
           
             Of
             later
             time
             ,
             let
             me
             lead
             your
             consideration
             to
             behold
             the
             like
             events
             in
             the
             Kingdom
             of
             Arragon
             ;
             which
             Kingdom
             was
             united
             with
             Castille
             and
             the
             rest
             of
             Spain
             ,
             in
             the
             persons
             of
             Ferdinando
             and
             Isabella
             ,
             and
             so
             continued
             many
             years
             ;
             But
             yet
             so
             ,
             as
             it
             stood
             a
             Kingdom
             severed
             and
             divided
             
             from
             the
             rest
             of
             the
             Body
             of
             Spain
             in
             Priviledges
             ;
             and
             directly
             in
             this
             point
             of
             Naturalization
             ,
             or
             capacity
             of
             Inheritance
             .
             What
             came
             of
             this
             ?
             Thus
             much
             ;
             That
             now
             of
             fresh
             memory
             ,
             not
             past
             twelve
             years
             since
             ,
             only
             upon
             the
             voice
             of
             a
             condemned
             man
             ,
             out
             of
             the
             Grate
             of
             a
             Prison
             towards
             the
             Street
             ,
             that
             cried
             ,
             Fueros
             ,
             (
             which
             is
             as
             much
             as
             Liberties
             ,
             or
             Priviledges
             )
             There
             was
             raised
             a
             dangerous
             Rebellion
             ,
             which
             was
             suppressed
             with
             difficulty
             with
             an
             Army
             Royal
             ,
             and
             their
             Priviledges
             disannulled
             ,
             and
             they
             incorporated
             with
             the
             rest
             of
             Spain
             .
             Upon
             so
             small
             a
             spark
             ,
             notwithstanding
             so
             long
             continuance
             ,
             were
             they
             ready
             to
             break
             and
             severe
             again
             .
          
           
             The
             like
             may
             be
             said
             of
             the
             States
             of
             Florence
             and
             Pisa
             ;
             which
             City
             of
             Pisa
             being
             united
             unto
             Florence
             ,
             but
             not
             endued
             with
             the
             benfite
             of
             Naturalization
             ,
             upon
             the
             first
             light
             of
             forraign
             Assistance
             ,
             by
             the
             expedition
             of
             Charles
             the
             eighth
             of
             France
             into
             Italy
             ,
             did
             revolt
             ;
             though
             it
             be
             since
             again
             re-united
             and
             incorporated
             .
          
           
             The
             same
             effect
             we
             see
             in
             the
             most
             barbarous
             Government
             ;
             which
             shews
             it
             the
             rather
             to
             be
             an
             effect
             of
             Nature
             .
             For
             ,
             it
             was
             thought
             a
             fit
             Policy
             by
             the
             Council
             of
             Constantinople
             ,
             to
             retain
             the
             three
             Provinces
             of
             
               Transilvania
               ,
               Valachia
            
             and
             Moldavia
             ,
             (
             which
             were
             as
             the
             very
             Nurses
             of
             Constantinople
             ,
             in
             respect
             of
             their
             Provisions
             )
             to
             the
             end
             ,
             they
             moght
             be
             the
             less
             wasted
             ,
             only
             under
             Vayvods
             as
             Vaslals
             and
             Homagers
             ,
             and
             not
             under
             Bassa's
             and
             Provinces
             of
             the
             Turkish
             Empire
             ;
             which
             Policy
             we
             see
             ,
             by
             late
             experience
             ,
             proved
             unfortunate
             ,
             as
             appeared
             by
             the
             revolt
             of
             the
             same
             three
             Provinces
             ,
             under
             the
             Arms
             and
             conduct
             of
             Sigismund
             Prince
             of
             Transilvania
             ,
             a
             Leader
             very
             famous
             for
             a
             time
             ;
             which
             Revolt
             is
             not
             yet
             fully
             recovered
             .
             Whereas
             we
             seldom
             or
             never
             hear
             of
             revolts
             of
             Princes
             incorporate
             to
             the
             Turkish
             Empire
             .
          
           
           
             On
             the
             other
             part
             (
             Mr.
             Speaker
             )
             because
             it
             is
             true
             which
             the
             Logicians
             say
             ,
             
               Opposita
               ,
               juxta
               se
               posita
               ,
               magis
               elucescunt
               :
            
             let
             us
             take
             a
             view
             and
             we
             shall
             find
             ,
             That
             wheresoever
             Kingdoms
             and
             States
             have
             been
             united
             ,
             and
             that
             Union
             corroborate
             by
             the
             Bond
             of
             mutual
             Naturalization
             ;
             you
             shall
             never
             observe
             them
             afterwards
             ,
             upon
             any
             occasion
             of
             trouble
             or
             otherwise
             ,
             to
             break
             and
             severe
             again
             :
             As
             we
             see
             most
             evidently
             before
             our
             eyes
             ,
             in
             divers
             Provinces
             of
             France
             ;
             that
             is
             to
             say
             ,
             
               Guien
               ,
               Provence
               ,
               Normandy
               ,
               Brittain
               ,
            
             which
             ,
             notwithstanding
             the
             infinite
             infesting
             troubles
             of
             that
             Kingdom
             ,
             never
             offered
             to
             break
             again
             .
          
           
             We
             see
             the
             like
             effect
             in
             all
             the
             Kingdoms
             of
             Spain
             ,
             which
             are
             mutually
             naturalized
             ;
             As
             
               Leon
               ,
               Castile
               ,
               Valencia
               ,
               Andaluzia
               ,
               Granada
            
             and
             the
             rest
             ;
             except
             Arragon
             ,
             which
             held
             the
             contrary
             course
             ,
             and
             therefore
             had
             the
             contrary
             successe
             ,
             as
             we
             said
             ;
             and
             Portugal
             ,
             of
             which
             there
             is
             not
             yet
             sufficient
             Trial.
             
          
           
             And
             lastly
             ,
             we
             see
             the
             effect
             in
             our
             own
             Nation
             ,
             which
             never
             rent
             assunder
             ,
             after
             it
             was
             once
             united
             ;
             so
             as
             we
             now
             scarce
             know
             whether
             the
             Heptarchy
             were
             a
             Story
             or
             a
             Fable
             .
             And
             therefore
             (
             Mr.
             Speaker
             )
             when
             I
             revolve
             with
             my self
             these
             examples
             and
             others
             ,
             so
             lively
             expressing
             the
             necessity
             of
             a
             Naturalization
             ,
             to
             avoid
             a
             relapse
             into
             a
             separation
             ,
             and
             do
             hear
             so
             many
             arguments
             and
             scruples
             made
             on
             the
             other
             side
             ;
             It
             makes
             me
             think
             on
             the
             old
             Bishop
             ,
             which
             upon
             a
             publick
             Disputation
             of
             certain
             Divines
             ,
             Christians
             ,
             with
             some
             learned
             men
             of
             the
             Heathens
             ,
             did
             extremely
             press
             to
             be
             heard
             ;
             and
             they
             were
             loath
             to
             suffer
             him
             ,
             because
             they
             knew
             he
             was
             unlearned
             ,
             though
             otherwise
             an
             holy
             and
             well-meaning
             Man
             :
             But
             at
             last
             ,
             with
             much
             ado
             ,
             he
             got
             to
             be
             heard
             ;
             and
             when
             he
             came
             to
             speak
             ,
             in
             stead
             of
             using
             Arguments
             ,
             he
             did
             only
             say
             over
             his
             Belief
             ;
             but
             did
             it
             with
             such
             assurance
             and
             constancy
             ,
             as
             did
             strike
             the
             minds
             of
             those
             that
             heard
             him
             ,
             more
             then
             any
             Argument
             had
             done
             .
             
             And
             so
             (
             Mr.
             Speaker
             )
             against
             all
             these
             witty
             and
             subtile
             Arguments
             ,
             I
             say
             that
             I
             do
             believe
             ,
             and
             would
             be
             sorry
             to
             be
             found
             a
             Prophet
             in
             it
             ,
             That
             except
             we
             proceed
             with
             this
             Naturalization
             (
             though
             not
             perhaps
             in
             his
             Majesties
             time
             ,
             who
             hath
             such
             Interest
             in
             both
             Nations
             )
             yet
             in
             the
             time
             of
             his
             Descendants
             ,
             these
             Realms
             will
             be
             in
             continual
             danger
             to
             divide
             and
             break
             again
             .
             Now
             if
             any
             man
             be
             of
             that
             careless
             mind
             ,
             
               —
               —
               Maneat
               nostras
               ca
               cura
               Nepotes
               ;
            
             Or
             of
             that
             hard
             mind
             ,
             to
             leave
             things
             to
             be
             tryed
             by
             the
             sharpest
             Sword
             ;
             sure
             I
             am
             ,
             he
             is
             not
             of
             St.
             
             Paul's
             opinion
             ,
             who
             affirmeth
             ,
             That
             whosoever
             useth
             not
             fore-sight
             and
             provision
             for
             his
             Family
             ,
             is
             worse
             then
             an
             unbeliever
             :
             Much
             more
             ,
             if
             we
             shall
             not
             use
             fore-sight
             for
             these
             two
             Kingdoms
             ,
             that
             comprehend
             so
             many
             Families
             ,
             but
             leave
             things
             open
             to
             the
             peril
             of
             future
             divisions
             .
             And
             thus
             have
             I
             expressed
             unto
             you
             ,
             the
             inconvenience
             which
             of
             all
             other
             sinketh
             deepest
             with
             me
             ,
             as
             the
             most
             weighty
             .
          
           
             Neither
             do
             their
             want
             other
             inconveniences
             (
             Mr.
             Speaker
             )
             the
             effect
             and
             influence
             whereof
             ,
             I
             fear
             ,
             will
             not
             be
             adjourned
             to
             so
             long
             a
             day
             ,
             as
             this
             that
             I
             have
             spoken
             of
             .
             For
             ,
             I
             leave
             it
             to
             your
             wisdom
             to
             consider
             ,
             whether
             you
             do
             not
             think
             ,
             in
             case
             by
             the
             denyal
             of
             this
             Naturalization
             ,
             any
             pike
             of
             alienation
             or
             unkindness
             (
             I
             do
             not
             say
             where
             )
             should
             be
             thought
             to
             be
             ,
             or
             noised
             to
             be
             ,
             between
             these
             two
             Nations
             ,
             whether
             it
             will
             not
             quicken
             and
             excite
             all
             the
             envious
             and
             malicious
             humours
             wheresoever
             (
             which
             are
             now
             covered
             )
             against
             us
             ,
             either
             forraign
             or
             at
             home
             ;
             and
             so
             open
             the
             way
             to
             practices
             and
             other
             engines
             and
             machinations
             ,
             to
             the
             disturbance
             of
             this
             State
             ?
             As
             for
             that
             other
             inconvenience
             of
             his
             Majesties
             engagement
             into
             this
             Action
             ,
             it
             is
             too
             binding
             and
             pressing
             to
             be
             spoken
             of
             ,
             and
             may
             do
             better
             a
             great
             deal
             in
             your
             minds
             ,
             then
             in
             my
             mouth
             ,
             or
             in
             the
             mouth
             of
             any
             man
             else
             ;
             because
             ,
             I
             say
             ,
             it
             doth
             press
             
             our
             Liberty
             too
             far
             .
             And
             therefore
             (
             Mr.
             Speaker
             )
             I
             come
             now
             to
             the
             third
             general
             part
             of
             my
             division
             ,
             concerning
             the
             Benefits
             which
             we
             shall
             purchase
             ,
             by
             this
             knitting
             of
             the
             knot
             surer
             and
             streighter
             between
             these
             two
             Kingdoms
             ,
             by
             the
             communicating
             of
             Naturalization
             .
          
           
             The
             Benefits
             may
             appear
             to
             be
             two
             ;
             the
             one
             Surety
             ,
             the
             other
             Greatness
             .
             Touching
             Surety
             (
             Mr.
             Speaker
             )
             it
             was
             well
             said
             by
             
               Titus
               Quintius
            
             the
             Roman
             ,
             touching
             the
             State
             of
             
               Peloponnesus
               ,
               That
               the
            
             Tortois
             
               is
               safe
               within
               her
               shell
               ;
               Testudo
               intra
               tegumen
               tuta
               est
            
             ;
             but
             if
             there
             be
             any
             parts
             that
             lye
             open
             ,
             they
             endanger
             all
             the
             rest
             .
             We
             know
             well
             ,
             that
             although
             the
             State
             at
             this
             time
             ,
             be
             in
             a
             happy
             Peace
             ;
             yet
             ,
             for
             the
             time
             past
             ,
             the
             more
             ancient
             enemy
             to
             this
             Kingdom
             hath
             been
             the
             French
             ,
             and
             the
             more
             late
             the
             Spaniard
             ;
             and
             both
             these
             had
             ,
             as
             it
             were
             ,
             their
             several
             postern
             Gates
             ,
             whereby
             they
             mought
             have
             approach
             and
             entrance
             to
             annoy
             us
             .
             France
             had
             Scotland
             ,
             and
             Spain
             had
             Ireland
             .
             For
             these
             were
             the
             two
             accesses
             which
             did
             comfort
             and
             encourage
             both
             these
             enemies
             ,
             to
             assail
             and
             trouble
             us
             .
             We
             see
             that
             of
             Scotland
             is
             cut
             off
             ,
             by
             the
             Union
             of
             both
             these
             Kingdoms
             ,
             if
             that
             it
             shall
             now
             be
             made
             constant
             and
             permanent
             .
             That
             of
             Ireland
             is
             likewise
             cut
             off
             ,
             by
             the
             convenient
             situation
             of
             the
             North
             of
             Scotland
             toward
             the
             North
             of
             Ireland
             ,
             where
             the
             sore
             was
             :
             Which
             we
             see
             ,
             being
             suddainly
             closed
             ,
             hath
             continued
             closed
             by
             means
             of
             this
             Salve
             ;
             So
             as
             now
             ,
             there
             are
             no
             parts
             of
             this
             State
             exposed
             to
             danger
             ,
             to
             be
             a
             temptation
             to
             the
             ambition
             of
             Forraigners
             ,
             but
             the
             approaches
             and
             avenues
             are
             taken
             away
             .
             For
             ,
             I
             do
             little
             doubt
             ,
             but
             those
             Forraigners
             ,
             which
             had
             so
             ill
             success
             when
             they
             had
             these
             advantages
             ,
             will
             have
             much
             less
             comfort
             now
             ,
             that
             they
             be
             taken
             from
             them
             .
             And
             so
             much
             for
             Surety
             .
          
           
             For
             Greatness
             (
             Mr.
             Speaker
             )
             I
             think
             a
             man
             may
             speak
             it
             soberly
             ,
             and
             without
             bravery
             ;
             That
             this
             Kingdom
             of
             
             England
             ,
             having
             Scotland
             united
             ,
             Ireland
             reduced
             ,
             the
             Sea
             Provinces
             of
             the
             Low-Countreys
             contracted
             ,
             and
             Shipping
             maintained
             ,
             is
             one
             of
             the
             greatest
             Monarchies
             in
             Forces
             ,
             truly
             esteemed
             ,
             that
             hath
             been
             in
             the
             world
             .
             For
             certainly
             ,
             the
             Kingdoms
             here
             one
             Earth
             ,
             have
             a
             resemblance
             with
             the
             Kingdom
             of
             Heaven
             ;
             which
             our
             Saviour
             compareth
             ,
             not
             to
             any
             great
             Kernel
             or
             Nut
             ,
             but
             to
             a
             very
             small
             Grain
             ;
             yet
             such
             an
             one
             ,
             as
             is
             apt
             to
             grow
             and
             spread
             .
             And
             such
             ,
             do
             I
             take
             to
             be
             ,
             the
             constitution
             of
             this
             Kingdom
             ;
             if
             indeed
             we
             shall
             refer
             our
             Counsels
             to
             Greatness
             and
             Power
             ,
             and
             not
             quench
             them
             too
             much
             with
             consideration
             of
             Utility
             and
             Wealth
             .
             For
             (
             Mr.
             Speaker
             )
             was
             it
             not
             ,
             think
             you
             ,
             a
             true
             Answer
             that
             Solon
             of
             Greece
             made
             to
             the
             rich
             King
             Cresus
             of
             Lydia
             ,
             when
             he
             shewed
             unto
             him
             a
             great
             quantity
             of
             Gold
             that
             he
             had
             gathered
             together
             ,
             in
             ostentation
             of
             his
             Greatness
             and
             Might
             ?
             But
             Solon
             said
             unto
             him
             ,
             contrary
             to
             his
             expectation
             ;
             
               Why
               ,
               Sir
               ,
               if
               another
               come
               that
               hath
               better
               Iron
               then
               you
               ,
               he
               will
               be
               Lord
               of
               all
               your
               Gold.
            
             Neither
             is
             the
             Authority
             of
             Machiavel
             to
             be
             despised
             ,
             who
             scorneth
             the
             Proverb
             of
             Estate
             ,
             taken
             first
             from
             a
             Speech
             of
             
               Mucianus
               ,
               That
               Moneys
               are
               the
               Sinews
               of
               War
            
             ;
             And
             saith
             ,
             
               There
               are
               no
               true
               Sinews
               of
               War
               ,
               but
               the
               very
               Sinews
               of
               the
               Arms
               of
               valiant
               men
               .
            
             Nay
             more
             (
             Mr.
             Speaker
             )
             whosoever
             shall
             look
             into
             the
             seminaries
             and
             beginnings
             of
             the
             Monarchies
             of
             the
             world
             ,
             he
             shall
             find
             them
             founded
             in
             Poverty
             .
             Persia
             ,
             a
             Countrey
             barren
             and
             poor
             ,
             in
             respect
             of
             the
             Medes
             whom
             they
             subdued
             .
             Macedon
             ,
             a
             Kingdom
             ignoble
             and
             mercenary
             ,
             until
             the
             time
             of
             Philip
             ,
             the
             Son
             of
             
               Amyntas
               .
               Rome
            
             had
             poor
             and
             pastoral
             beginnings
             .
             The
             Turks
             ,
             a
             Band
             of
             
               Sarmatian
               Scythes
            
             ,
             that
             in
             a
             vagabond
             manner
             ,
             made
             impression
             upon
             that
             part
             of
             Asia
             ,
             which
             is
             yet
             called
             Turcomania
             .
             Out
             of
             which
             ,
             after
             much
             variety
             of
             Fortune
             ,
             sprung
             the
             
               Ottoman
               Family
            
             ,
             now
             the
             terrour
             of
             the
             world
             .
             So
             we
             know
             the
             
               Goths
               ,
               Vandals
               ,
               
               Alanes
               ,
               Huns
               ,
               Lombards
               ,
               Normans
               ,
            
             and
             the
             rest
             of
             the
             Northern
             people
             ,
             in
             one
             Age
             of
             the
             world
             made
             their
             descent
             or
             expedition
             upon
             the
             Roman
             Empire
             ;
             And
             came
             not
             as
             Rovers
             ,
             to
             carry
             away
             prey
             and
             be
             gone
             again
             ,
             but
             planted
             themselves
             in
             a
             number
             of
             fruitful
             and
             rich
             Provinces
             ;
             where
             not
             only
             their
             Generations
             ,
             but
             their
             Names
             ,
             remain
             till
             this
             day
             :
             witness
             
               Lombardy
               ,
               Catalonia
            
             ,
             a
             name
             compounded
             of
             Goth
             and
             
               Alane
               ;
               Andaluzia
            
             ,
             a
             name
             corrupted
             from
             
               Vandelicia
               ;
               Hungary
               ,
               Normandy
            
             and
             others
             .
             Nay
             ,
             the
             fortune
             of
             the
             Swizzes
             of
             late
             years
             ,
             (
             which
             ate
             bred
             in
             a
             barren
             and
             mountainous
             Countrey
             )
             is
             not
             to
             be
             forgotten
             ,
             who
             first
             ruined
             the
             Duke
             of
             Burgandy
             ,
             the
             same
             who
             had
             almost
             ruined
             the
             Kingdom
             of
             France
             ;
             what
             time
             ,
             after
             the
             Battail
             of
             Granson
             ,
             the
             Rich
             Jewel
             of
             Burgandy
             ,
             prized
             at
             many
             thousands
             ,
             was
             sold
             for
             a
             few
             pence
             by
             a
             common
             Souldier
             ,
             that
             knew
             no
             more
             what
             a
             Jewel
             meant
             ,
             then
             did
             Aesops
             Cock.
             And
             again
             ,
             the
             same
             Nation
             ,
             in
             revenge
             of
             a
             scorn
             ,
             was
             the
             ruine
             of
             the
             French
             Kings
             Affairs
             in
             
               Italy
               ,
               Lewis
            
             the
             12
             th
             .
             For
             ,
             that
             King
             ,
             when
             he
             was
             pressed
             somewhat
             rudely
             by
             an
             Agent
             of
             the
             Swizzes
             to
             raise
             their
             Pensions
             ,
             brake
             into
             words
             of
             choller
             ,
             What
             (
             said
             he
             )
             
               will
               these
               Villains
               of
               the
               Mountains
               put
               a
               Tax
               upon
               me
               ?
            
             which
             words
             lost
             him
             his
             Dutchy
             of
             Millain
             ,
             and
             chased
             him
             out
             of
             Italy
             .
             All
             which
             examples
             (
             Mr.
             Speaker
             )
             do
             well
             prove
             Solons
             opinion
             ,
             of
             the
             Authority
             and
             Mastery
             that
             Iron
             hath
             over
             Gold.
             And
             therefore
             ,
             if
             I
             shall
             speak
             unto
             you
             mine
             own
             heart
             ,
             Methinks
             we
             should
             a
             little
             disdain
             ,
             that
             the
             Nation
             of
             Spain
             (
             which
             ,
             howsoever
             of
             late
             it
             hath
             grown
             to
             Rule
             ,
             yet
             of
             ancient
             time
             served
             many
             Ages
             ,
             first
             ,
             under
             Carthage
             ,
             then
             under
             Rome
             ,
             after
             under
             
               Saracens
               ,
               Goths
            
             and
             others
             )
             should
             of
             late
             years
             ,
             take
             unto
             themselves
             that
             Spirit
             ,
             as
             to
             dream
             of
             a
             Monarchy
             in
             the
             West
             ,
             according
             to
             that
             devise
             ,
             
               Video
               Solem
               Orientem
               in
               Occidente
            
             ;
             only
             because
             they
             have
             ravished
             
             from
             some
             wild
             and
             unarmed
             People
             ,
             Mines
             and
             store
             of
             Gold
             :
             And
             on
             the
             other
             side
             ,
             that
             this
             Island
             of
             Brittany
             ,
             seated
             and
             manned
             as
             it
             is
             ,
             and
             that
             hath
             (
             I
             make
             no
             question
             )
             the
             best
             Iron
             in
             the
             world
             ,
             (
             that
             is
             ,
             the
             best
             Souldiers
             of
             the
             world
             )
             should
             think
             of
             nothing
             but
             reckonings
             and
             audits
             ,
             and
             Meum
             and
             Tuum
             ,
             and
             I
             cannot
             tell
             what
             .
          
           
             Mr.
             Speaker
             ,
             I
             have
             (
             I
             take
             it
             )
             gone
             through
             the
             Parts
             which
             I
             propounded
             to
             my self
             ;
             Wherein
             ,
             if
             any
             man
             shall
             think
             that
             I
             have
             sung
             Placebo
             ,
             for
             mine
             own
             particular
             ,
             I
             would
             have
             him
             know
             ,
             that
             I
             am
             not
             so
             unseen
             in
             the
             world
             ,
             but
             that
             I
             discern
             it
             were
             much
             alike
             ,
             for
             my
             private
             Fortune
             ,
             to
             rest
             a
             Tacebo
             ,
             as
             to
             sing
             a
             Placebo
             ,
             in
             this
             Business
             .
             But
             I
             have
             spoken
             out
             of
             the
             Fountain
             of
             my
             Heart
             ,
             
               Credidi
               ,
               propter
               quod
               locutus
               sum
               ;
               I
               believed
               therefore
               I
               spake
               .
            
             So
             as
             my
             Duty
             is
             performed
             ,
             the
             Judgement
             is
             yours
             .
             God
             direct
             it
             for
             the
             best
             .
          
        
         
           
           
             A
             Speech
             used
             by
             Sir
             
               Francis
               Bacon
            
             in
             the
             Lower
             House
             of
             Parliament
             ,
             by
             occasion
             of
             a
             motion
             concerning
             the
             Union
             of
             Laws
             .
          
           
             ANd
             it
             please
             you
             (
             Mr.
             Speaker
             )
             were
             it
             now
             a
             time
             to
             wish
             ,
             as
             it
             is
             to
             advise
             ,
             no
             man
             should
             be
             more
             forward
             or
             more
             earnest
             then
             my self
             in
             this
             wish
             ,
             That
             his
             Majesties
             Subjects
             of
             England
             and
             Scotland
             were
             governed
             by
             one
             Law
             ;
             And
             that
             for
             many
             Reasons
             :
          
           
             First
             ,
             because
             it
             will
             be
             an
             infallible
             assurance
             ,
             that
             there
             will
             never
             be
             any
             relapse
             in
             succeeding
             Ages
             to
             a
             separation
             .
          
           
             Secondly
             ,
             
               Dulcis
               tractus
               pari
               jugo
            
             ;
             If
             the
             Draught
             lye
             most
             upon
             us
             ,
             and
             the
             yoke
             lightest
             upon
             them
             ,
             it
             is
             not
             equal
             .
          
           
             Thirdly
             ,
             the
             Qualities
             ,
             and
             (
             as
             I
             may
             term
             it
             )
             the
             Elements
             of
             their
             Laws
             and
             ours
             are
             such
             ,
             as
             do
             promise
             an
             excellent
             temperature
             in
             the
             compounded
             Body
             :
             For
             if
             the
             Prerogative
             here
             be
             too
             indefinite
             ,
             it
             may
             be
             the
             Liberty
             there
             is
             too
             unbounded
             :
             If
             our
             Laws
             and
             proceedings
             be
             too
             prolix
             and
             formal
             ;
             it
             may
             be
             theirs
             are
             too
             informal
             and
             summary
             .
          
           
             Fourthly
             ,
             I
             do
             discern
             ,
             to
             my
             understanding
             ,
             there
             will
             be
             no
             great
             difficulty
             in
             this
             work
             .
             For
             their
             Laws
             ,
             by
             that
             I
             can
             learn
             ,
             compared
             with
             ours
             ,
             are
             like
             their
             Language
             compared
             with
             ours
             :
             For
             ,
             as
             their
             Language
             hath
             the
             same
             roots
             that
             ours
             hath
             ,
             but
             hath
             a
             little
             more
             mixture
             of
             Latine
             and
             French
             ;
             So
             their
             Laws
             and
             Customs
             have
             the
             like
             grounds
             that
             our
             have
             ,
             with
             a
             little
             more
             mixture
             of
             the
             Civil
             Law
             ,
             and
             French
             Customs
             .
          
           
           
             Lastly
             ,
             the
             mean
             to
             this
             work
             seemeth
             to
             me
             no
             less
             excellent
             then
             the
             work
             it self
             ;
             For
             if
             both
             Laws
             shall
             be
             united
             ,
             it
             is
             of
             necessity
             ,
             for
             preparation
             and
             inducement
             thereunto
             ,
             that
             our
             own
             Laws
             be
             reviewed
             and
             compiled
             ;
             Then
             the
             which
             ,
             I
             think
             ,
             there
             cannot
             be
             a
             work
             that
             his
             Majesty
             can
             undertake
             ,
             in
             these
             times
             of
             Peace
             ,
             more
             Politick
             ,
             more
             Honourable
             ,
             nor
             more
             Beneficial
             to
             his
             Subjects
             for
             all
             Ages
             ;
          
           
             
               
                 Pace
                 datâ
                 Terris
                 ,
                 Animum
                 ad
                 Civilia
                 vertit
              
               
                 Fura
                 suum
                 ,
                 Legesque
                 tulit
                 justissimus
                 Auctor
                 .
              
            
          
           
             For
             this
             continual
             heaping
             up
             of
             Laws
             ,
             without
             digesting
             them
             ,
             maketh
             but
             a
             Chaos
             and
             confusion
             ,
             and
             turneth
             the
             Laws
             many
             times
             ,
             to
             become
             but
             snares
             for
             the
             People
             ,
             as
             is
             said
             in
             the
             Scripture
             ,
             
               Pluet
               super
               eos
               Laqueos
            
             .
             Now
             ,
             
               Non
               sunt
               pejores
               Laquei
               ,
               quam
               Laquei
               Legum
               :
            
             And
             therefore
             ,
             this
             work
             ,
             I
             esteem
             to
             be
             indeed
             a
             work
             (
             rightly
             to
             term
             it
             )
             Heroical
             .
             So
             that
             for
             this
             good
             wish
             of
             Union
             of
             Laws
             ,
             I
             do
             consent
             to
             the
             full
             ;
             And
             I
             think
             ,
             you
             may
             perceive
             by
             that
             which
             I
             have
             said
             ,
             that
             I
             come
             not
             in
             this
             to
             the
             opinion
             of
             others
             ,
             but
             that
             I
             was
             long
             ago
             settled
             in
             it
             my self
             .
             Nevertheless
             ,
             as
             this
             is
             moved
             out
             of
             zeal
             ,
             so
             I
             take
             it
             to
             be
             moved
             out
             of
             time
             ,
             as
             commonly
             zealous
             motions
             are
             ;
             while
             men
             are
             so
             fast
             carried
             on
             to
             the
             End
             ,
             as
             they
             give
             no
             attention
             to
             the
             Mean.
             For
             ,
             if
             it
             be
             time
             to
             talk
             of
             this
             now
             ,
             it
             is
             either
             because
             the
             business
             now
             in
             hand
             cannot
             proceed
             without
             it
             ;
             or
             because
             in
             time
             and
             order
             ,
             this
             matter
             should
             be
             precedent
             ;
             or
             because
             we
             shall
             leese
             some
             advantage
             ,
             towards
             this
             effect
             so
             much
             desired
             ,
             if
             we
             should
             go
             on
             in
             the
             course
             we
             are
             about
             .
             But
             none
             of
             these
             three
             ,
             in
             my
             judgement
             ,
             are
             true
             ;
             And
             therefore
             ,
             the
             motion
             ,
             as
             I
             said
             ,
             unseasonable
             .
          
           
             For
             first
             ,
             that
             there
             may
             not
             be
             a
             Naturalization
             ,
             without
             an
             Union
             in
             Laws
             ,
             cannot
             be
             maintained
             .
             Look
             into
             the
             example
             of
             the
             Church
             ,
             and
             the
             Union
             thereof
             ,
             you
             shall
             see
             
             several
             Churches
             that
             joyn
             in
             one
             Faith
             ,
             one
             Baptism
             ,
             (
             which
             are
             the
             points
             of
             spiritual
             Naturalization
             )
             do
             many
             times
             in
             Policy
             ,
             Constitutions
             and
             Customs
             ,
             differ
             .
             And
             therefore
             ,
             one
             of
             the
             Fathers
             made
             an
             excellent
             observation
             ,
             upon
             the
             two
             Mysteries
             ;
             the
             one
             ,
             that
             in
             the
             Gospel
             ,
             where
             the
             Garment
             of
             Christ
             is
             said
             to
             have
             been
             without
             seam
             ;
             the
             other
             ,
             that
             in
             the
             Psalm
             ,
             where
             the
             Garment
             of
             the
             Queen
             is
             said
             to
             have
             been
             of
             divers
             colours
             ;
             And
             concludeth
             ,
             
               In
               veste
               variet
               as
               sit
               ,
               scissura
               non
               sit
               .
            
             So
             in
             this
             case
             ,
             (
             Mr.
             Speaker
             )
             we
             are
             now
             in
             hand
             to
             make
             this
             Monarchy
             of
             one
             piece
             ,
             and
             not
             of
             one
             colour
             .
             Look
             again
             into
             the
             examples
             of
             forraign
             Countries
             ,
             and
             take
             that
             next
             us
             of
             France
             ;
             and
             there
             you
             shall
             find
             ,
             that
             they
             have
             this
             distribution
             ,
             
               Pais
               du
               droit
               Escript
            
             ,
             and
             
               Pais
               du
               droit
               Constumier
            
             .
             For
             
               Gascoign
               ,
               Languedock
               ,
               Provence
               ,
               Daulphenie
               ,
            
             are
             Countries
             governed
             by
             the
             Letter
             or
             Text
             of
             the
             
               Civil
               Law
            
             ;
             But
             the
             Isle
             of
             
               France
               ,
               Tourrain
               ,
               Berry
               ,
               Anjou
            
             and
             the
             rest
             ,
             and
             most
             of
             all
             Britain
             and
             Normandy
             ,
             are
             governed
             by
             Customs
             ,
             which
             amount
             unto
             a
             
               Municipal
               Law
            
             ,
             and
             use
             the
             
               Civil
               Law
            
             but
             only
             for
             Grounds
             ,
             and
             to
             decide
             new
             and
             rare
             cases
             ;
             and
             yet
             ,
             nevertheless
             ,
             Naturalization
             passeth
             through
             all
             .
          
           
             Secondly
             ,
             that
             this
             Union
             of
             Laws
             should
             precede
             the
             Naturalization
             ,
             or
             that
             it
             should
             go
             on
             ,
             
               pari
               passu
            
             ,
             hand
             in
             hand
             ,
             I
             suppose
             likewise
             can
             hardly
             be
             maintained
             ;
             but
             the
             contrary
             ,
             that
             Naturalization
             ought
             to
             precede
             .
             Of
             which
             my
             opinion
             ,
             as
             I
             could
             yield
             many
             reasons
             ,
             so
             because
             all
             this
             is
             but
             a
             digression
             ,
             and
             therefore
             ought
             to
             be
             short
             ,
             I
             will
             hold
             my self
             now
             only
             to
             one
             ,
             which
             is
             briefly
             and
             plainly
             this
             ;
             That
             the
             Union
             of
             Laws
             will
             ask
             a
             great
             time
             to
             be
             perfected
             ,
             both
             for
             the
             compiling
             ,
             and
             for
             the
             passing
             ;
             dureing
             all
             which
             time
             ,
             if
             this
             mark
             of
             Strangers
             should
             be
             denyed
             to
             be
             taken
             away
             ,
             I
             fear
             it
             may
             induce
             such
             a
             habit
             of
             Strangeness
             ,
             as
             will
             rather
             be
             an
             impediment
             than
             a
             preparation
             to
             further
             proceeding
             .
             For
             he
             was
             a
             wise
             man
             that
             
             said
             ,
             
               Opportuni
               magnis
               conatibus
               transitus
               Rerum
            
             .
             And
             in
             those
             cases
             ,
             
               Non
               progredi
               est
               regredi
            
             .
             And
             like
             ,
             as
             in
             a
             pair
             of
             Tables
             ,
             you
             must
             put
             out
             the
             former
             writing
             ,
             before
             you
             can
             put
             in
             new
             ;
             and
             again
             ,
             that
             which
             you
             write
             in
             ,
             you
             write
             Letter
             by
             Letter
             ;
             but
             that
             which
             you
             put
             out
             ,
             you
             put
             out
             at
             once
             :
             So
             we
             have
             now
             to
             deal
             with
             the
             Tables
             of
             mens
             Hearts
             ,
             wherein
             it
             is
             in
             vain
             to
             think
             you
             can
             enter
             the
             willing
             acceptance
             of
             our
             Laws
             and
             Customs
             ;
             except
             you
             first
             put
             forth
             all
             Notes
             either
             of
             Hostility
             or
             forraign
             Condition
             .
             And
             these
             are
             to
             be
             put
             out
             
               simul
               &
               semel
            
             ,
             at
             once
             ,
             without
             gradations
             ;
             whereas
             the
             other
             points
             are
             to
             be
             imprinted
             and
             engraven
             distinctly
             and
             by
             degrees
             .
          
           
             Thirdly
             ,
             whereas
             it
             is
             conceived
             by
             some
             ,
             that
             the
             communication
             of
             our
             Benefits
             and
             Priviledges
             is
             a
             good
             hold
             that
             we
             have
             over
             them
             ,
             to
             draw
             them
             to
             submit
             themselves
             to
             our
             Laws
             .
             It
             is
             an
             Argument
             of
             some
             probability
             ,
             but
             yet
             to
             be
             answered
             many
             wayes
             :
             For
             first
             ,
             the
             intent
             is
             mistaken
             ,
             which
             is
             not
             ,
             as
             I
             conceive
             it
             ,
             to
             draw
             them
             wholly
             to
             a
             subjection
             to
             our
             Laws
             ;
             but
             to
             draw
             both
             Nations
             to
             one
             uniformity
             of
             Law.
             Again
             ,
             to
             think
             that
             there
             should
             be
             a
             kind
             of
             articulate
             and
             indented
             Contract
             ,
             that
             they
             should
             receive
             our
             Laws
             to
             obtain
             our
             Priviledges
             ,
             it
             is
             a
             matter
             ,
             in
             reason
             of
             Estate
             ,
             not
             to
             be
             expected
             ;
             being
             that
             which
             scarcely
             a
             private
             man
             will
             acknowledge
             ,
             if
             it
             come
             to
             that
             ,
             whereof
             Seneca
             speaketh
             ,
             
               Beneficium
               accipere
               ,
               est
               Libertatem
               vendere
               :
            
             No
             ,
             but
             courses
             of
             Estate
             do
             describe
             and
             delineat
             another
             way
             ;
             which
             is
             ,
             to
             win
             them
             either
             by
             Benefit
             or
             Custom
             .
             For
             ,
             we
             see
             in
             all
             Creatures
             ,
             that
             men
             do
             feed
             them
             first
             ,
             and
             reclaim
             them
             after
             :
             And
             so
             in
             the
             first
             institution
             of
             Kingdoms
             ,
             Kings
             did
             first
             win
             people
             by
             many
             Benfits
             and
             Protections
             ,
             before
             they
             prest
             any
             yoke
             .
             And
             for
             Custom
             ,
             which
             the
             Poets
             call
             ,
             
               imponere
               Morem
            
             ;
             who
             doubts
             ,
             but
             that
             the
             Seat
             of
             the
             Kingdom
             ,
             and
             the
             example
             of
             the
             King
             resting
             here
             with
             us
             ,
             our
             manners
             will
             quickly
             be
             there
             ,
             to
             mak
             all
             things
             ready
             for
             our
             Laws
             :
          
           
           
             And
             lastly
             ,
             the
             Naturalization
             which
             is
             now
             propounded
             ,
             is
             qualified
             with
             such
             restrictions
             ,
             as
             there
             will
             be
             enough
             kept
             back
             ,
             to
             be
             used
             at
             all
             times
             ,
             for
             an
             Adamant
             of
             drawing
             them
             further
             on
             to
             our
             desires
             .
             And
             therefore
             ,
             to
             conclude
             ,
             I
             hold
             this
             motion
             ,
             of
             Union
             of
             Laws
             ,
             very
             worthy
             ,
             and
             arising
             from
             very
             good
             minds
             ,
             but
             not
             proper
             for
             this
             time
             .
          
           
             To
             come
             therefore
             to
             that
             which
             is
             now
             in
             question
             ;
             It
             is
             no
             more
             ,
             but
             whether
             there
             should
             be
             a
             difference
             made
             in
             this
             priviledge
             of
             Naturalization
             ,
             between
             the
             Ante-nati
             and
             the
             Post-nati
             ;
             not
             in
             point
             of
             Law
             (
             for
             that
             will
             otherwise
             be
             decided
             )
             but
             only
             in
             point
             of
             Convenience
             [
             as
             if
             a
             Law
             were
             now
             to
             be
             made
             ,
             
               de
               novo
            
             ]
             In
             which
             question
             ,
             I
             will
             at
             this
             time
             ,
             only
             answer
             two
             Objections
             ,
             and
             use
             two
             Arguments
             ,
             and
             so
             leave
             it
             to
             your
             judgement
             .
          
           
             The
             first
             Objection
             hath
             been
             ,
             that
             if
             a
             difference
             should
             be
             ,
             it
             ought
             to
             be
             in
             favour
             of
             the
             Ante-nati
             ;
             because
             they
             are
             persons
             of
             merit
             ,
             service
             and
             proof
             ;
             whereas
             the
             Post-nati
             are
             infants
             ,
             that
             (
             as
             the
             Scripture
             saith
             )
             
               know
               not
               the
               right
               hand
               from
               the
               left
               .
            
          
           
             This
             were
             good
             reason
             (
             Mr.
             Speaker
             )
             if
             the
             question
             were
             ,
             of
             Naturalizing
             some
             particular
             persons
             by
             a
             private
             Bill
             ;
             but
             it
             hath
             no
             proportion
             with
             the
             general
             .
             For
             now
             ,
             we
             are
             not
             to
             look
             to
             respects
             that
             are
             proper
             to
             some
             ,
             but
             to
             those
             which
             are
             common
             to
             all
             .
             Now
             then
             ,
             how
             can
             it
             be
             imagined
             ,
             but
             that
             those
             that
             took
             their
             first
             breath
             ,
             since
             this
             happy
             Union
             ,
             inherent
             in
             his
             Majesties
             person
             ,
             must
             be
             more
             assured
             and
             affectionat
             to
             this
             Kingdom
             ,
             then
             those
             generally
             can
             be
             presumed
             to
             be
             ,
             which
             were
             sometimes
             Strangers
             .
             For
             ,
             
               Nemo
               subitò
               fingitur
            
             ;
             the
             conversions
             of
             Minds
             are
             not
             so
             swift
             as
             the
             conversions
             of
             times
             .
             Nay
             ,
             in
             effects
             of
             Grace
             ,
             which
             exceed
             far
             the
             effects
             of
             Nature
             ,
             we
             see
             St.
             Paul
             makes
             a
             difference
             between
             those
             he
             calls
             Neophites
             ,
             that
             is
             ,
             newly
             grafted
             into
             Christianity
             ;
             
             and
             those
             that
             are
             brought
             up
             in
             the
             Faith.
             And
             so
             we
             see
             ,
             by
             the
             Laws
             of
             the
             Church
             ,
             that
             the
             Children
             of
             Christians
             shall
             be
             baptized
             ,
             in
             regard
             of
             the
             Faith
             of
             their
             Parents
             ;
             But
             the
             Child
             of
             an
             Ethnick
             may
             not
             receive
             Baptism
             ,
             till
             he
             be
             able
             to
             make
             an
             understanding
             Profession
             of
             his
             Faith.
             
          
           
             Another
             Ojection
             hath
             been
             made
             ,
             that
             we
             ought
             to
             be
             more
             provident
             and
             reserved
             ,
             to
             restrain
             the
             Post-nati
             then
             the
             Ante-nati
             ;
             because
             ,
             during
             his
             Majesties
             time
             ,
             being
             a
             Prince
             of
             so
             approved
             Wisdom
             and
             Judgement
             ,
             we
             need
             no
             better
             caution
             ,
             then
             the
             confidence
             we
             may
             repose
             in
             him
             :
             But
             in
             the
             future
             Reigns
             of
             succeeding
             ages
             ,
             our
             caution
             must
             be
             in
             Re
             ,
             and
             not
             in
             Persona
             .
          
           
             But
             ,
             (
             Mr.
             Speaker
             )
             to
             this
             I
             answer
             ,
             That
             as
             we
             cannot
             expect
             a
             Prince
             hereafter
             ,
             less
             like
             to
             erre
             in
             respect
             of
             his
             Judgement
             ;
             So
             again
             ,
             we
             cannot
             expect
             a
             Prince
             so
             like
             to
             exceed
             (
             if
             I
             may
             so
             term
             it
             )
             in
             this
             point
             of
             Benificence
             to
             that
             Nation
             ,
             in
             respect
             of
             the
             occasion
             .
             For
             ,
             whereas
             all
             Princes
             and
             all
             men
             are
             won
             ,
             either
             by
             merit
             or
             conversation
             ,
             there
             is
             no
             appearance
             that
             any
             of
             his
             Majesties
             Descendents
             ,
             can
             have
             either
             of
             these
             causes
             of
             Bounty
             towards
             that
             Nation
             ,
             in
             so
             ample
             degree
             as
             his
             Majesty
             hath
             .
             And
             these
             be
             the
             two
             Objections
             which
             seemed
             to
             me
             most
             material
             ,
             why
             the
             Post-nati
             should
             be
             left
             free
             ,
             and
             not
             be
             concluded
             in
             the
             same
             restrictions
             with
             the
             Ante-nati
             ,
             whereunto
             you
             have
             heard
             the
             Answers
             .
          
           
             The
             two
             Reasons
             which
             I
             will
             use
             on
             the
             other
             side
             ,
             are
             briefly
             these
             ;
             The
             one
             being
             a
             Reason
             of
             Common
             Sense
             ,
             the
             other
             a
             Reason
             of
             Estate
             .
             We
             see
             (
             Mr.
             Speaker
             )
             the
             time
             of
             the
             Nativity
             is
             ,
             in
             most
             cases
             ,
             principally
             regarded
             .
             In
             Nature
             ,
             the
             time
             of
             planting
             and
             setting
             is
             chiefly
             observed
             .
             And
             we
             see
             ,
             the
             Astrologers
             pretend
             to
             judge
             of
             the
             fortune
             of
             the
             party
             ,
             by
             the
             time
             of
             the
             Nativity
             .
             In
             Laws
             ,
             we
             may
             not
             unfitly
             apply
             the
             case
             of
             Legitimation
             ,
             to
             the
             case
             of
             Naturalization
             .
             For
             ,
             it
             is
             true
             ,
             that
             the
             common
             
             Canon
             Law
             doth
             put
             the
             Ante-natos
             and
             the
             Post-natos
             in
             one
             degree
             ;
             But
             when
             it
             was
             moved
             to
             the
             Parliament
             of
             
               England
               ,
               Barones
               unâ
               voce
               responderunt
               ,
               Nolumus
               Leges
            
             Angliae
             mutare
             .
             And
             though
             it
             must
             be
             confessed
             ,
             that
             the
             Ante-nati
             and
             Post-nati
             are
             in
             the
             same
             degree
             in
             Dignities
             ,
             yet
             were
             they
             never
             so
             in
             Abilities
             :
             For
             ,
             no
             man
             doubts
             ,
             but
             the
             Son
             of
             an
             Earl
             or
             Baron
             ,
             before
             his
             Creation
             or
             Call
             ,
             shall
             inherite
             the
             Dignity
             ,
             as
             well
             as
             the
             Son
             born
             after
             .
          
           
             But
             the
             Son
             of
             an
             Attainted
             Person
             ,
             born
             before
             the
             Attainder
             ,
             shall
             not
             inherite
             as
             the
             after-born
             shall
             ,
             notwithstanding
             Charter
             of
             Pardon
             .
          
           
             The
             Reason
             of
             Estate
             is
             ,
             That
             any
             restriction
             of
             the
             Ante-nati
             is
             temporary
             ,
             and
             expireth
             with
             this
             Generation
             :
             But
             if
             you
             make
             it
             in
             the
             Post-nati
             also
             ,
             you
             do
             but
             in
             substance
             ,
             pen
             a
             perpetuity
             of
             Separation
             .
          
           
             Mr.
             Speaker
             ,
             in
             this
             point
             I
             have
             been
             short
             ,
             because
             I
             little
             expected
             this
             doubt
             ,
             as
             to
             point
             of
             Convenience
             ;
             and
             therefore
             ,
             will
             not
             much
             labour
             ,
             where
             ,
             I
             suppose
             ,
             there
             is
             no
             greater
             opposition
             .
          
        
         
           
           
             A
             BRIEF
             DISCOURSE
             ,
             Of
             the
             happy
             UNION
             OF
             THE
             KINGDOMES
             OF
             ENGLAND
             and
             SCOTLAND
             .
          
           
             
               Dedicated
               in
               private
               to
               His
               MAJESTY
               .
            
          
           
             I
             Do
             not
             find
             it
             strange
             (
             excellent
             King
             )
             that
             when
             Heraclitus
             (
             he
             that
             was
             surnamed
             ,
             the
             Obscure
             )
             had
             set
             forth
             a
             certain
             Book
             (
             which
             is
             not
             now
             extant
             )
             many
             men
             took
             it
             for
             a
             Discourse
             of
             Nature
             ,
             and
             many
             others
             took
             it
             for
             a
             Treatise
             of
             Policy
             .
             For
             there
             is
             a
             great
             affinity
             and
             consent
             between
             the
             Rules
             of
             Nature
             ,
             and
             the
             true
             Rules
             of
             Policy
             .
             The
             one
             being
             nothing
             
             else
             ,
             but
             an
             Order
             in
             the
             Government
             of
             the
             World
             ;
             And
             the
             other
             ,
             an
             Order
             in
             the
             Government
             of
             an
             Estate
             .
             And
             therefore
             ,
             the
             education
             and
             erudition
             of
             the
             Kings
             of
             Persia
             was
             in
             a
             Science
             ,
             which
             was
             termed
             by
             a
             Name
             then
             of
             great
             Reverence
             ;
             but
             now
             degenerate
             ,
             and
             taken
             in
             the
             ill
             part
             .
             For
             the
             
               Perasin
               Magick
            
             ,
             which
             was
             the
             secret
             Literature
             of
             their
             Kings
             ,
             was
             an
             application
             of
             the
             Contemplations
             and
             Observations
             of
             Nature
             ,
             unto
             a
             sense
             Politick
             ;
             taking
             the
             fundamental
             Laws
             of
             Nature
             ,
             and
             the
             Branches
             and
             Passages
             of
             them
             ,
             as
             an
             Original
             or
             first
             Model
             ,
             whence
             to
             take
             and
             describe
             a
             Copy
             and
             Imitation
             for
             Government
             .
          
           
             After
             this
             manner
             ,
             the
             foresaid
             Instructers
             set
             before
             their
             Kings
             ,
             the
             examples
             of
             the
             Celestial
             Bodies
             ,
             the
             Sun
             ,
             the
             Moon
             and
             the
             rest
             ,
             which
             have
             great
             glory
             and
             veneration
             ,
             but
             no
             rest
             or
             intromission
             ,
             being
             in
             a
             perpetual
             office
             of
             motion
             ,
             for
             the
             cherishing
             (
             in
             turn
             and
             in
             course
             )
             of
             inferiour
             Bodies
             :
             Expressing
             likewise
             the
             true
             manner
             of
             the
             motions
             of
             Government
             ;
             which
             though
             they
             ought
             to
             be
             swift
             and
             rapide
             ,
             in
             respect
             of
             dispatch
             and
             occasions
             ;
             yet
             are
             they
             to
             be
             constant
             and
             regular
             ,
             without
             wavering
             or
             confusion
             .
          
           
             So
             did
             they
             represent
             unto
             them
             ,
             how
             the
             Heavens
             do
             not
             enrich
             themselves
             by
             the
             Earth
             and
             the
             Sea
             ;
             nor
             keep
             no
             dead
             Stock
             nor
             untouched
             Treasures
             of
             that
             they
             draw
             to
             them
             from
             below
             :
             But
             whatsoever
             moisture
             they
             do
             levy
             and
             take
             from
             both
             Elements
             in
             vapours
             ,
             they
             do
             spend
             and
             turn
             back
             again
             in
             showers
             ;
             only
             holding
             and
             storing
             them
             up
             for
             a
             time
             ,
             to
             the
             end
             ,
             to
             issue
             and
             distribute
             them
             in
             season
             .
          
           
             But
             ,
             chiefly
             ,
             they
             did
             expresse
             and
             expound
             unto
             them
             ,
             that
             fundamental
             Law
             of
             Nature
             ,
             whereby
             all
             things
             do
             subsist
             and
             are
             preserved
             ;
             which
             is
             ,
             that
             every
             thing
             in
             Nature
             ,
             although
             it
             hath
             his
             private
             and
             particular
             affection
             and
             appetite
             ,
             and
             doth
             follow
             and
             pursue
             the
             same
             in
             small
             moments
             ,
             and
             when
             it
             is
             free
             and
             delivered
             from
             more
             general
             
             and
             common
             respects
             ;
             yet
             ,
             neverthelesse
             ,
             when
             there
             is
             question
             or
             case
             ,
             for
             sustaining
             of
             the
             more
             general
             ,
             they
             for
             sake
             their
             own
             particularities
             ,
             and
             attend
             and
             conspire
             to
             uphold
             the
             publick
             .
          
           
             So
             we
             see
             ,
             the
             Iron
             ,
             in
             small
             quantity
             ,
             will
             ascend
             and
             approach
             to
             the
             Load-stone
             ,
             upon
             a
             particular
             sympathy
             ;
             But
             ,
             if
             it
             be
             any
             quantity
             of
             moment
             ,
             it
             leaveth
             his
             appetite
             of
             amity
             to
             the
             Load-stone
             ,
             and
             like
             a
             good
             Patriot
             ,
             falleth
             to
             the
             Earth
             ;
             which
             is
             the
             Place
             and
             Region
             of
             massy
             Bodies
             .
          
           
             So
             again
             ,
             the
             Water
             ,
             and
             other
             like
             Bodies
             ,
             do
             fall
             towards
             the
             Center
             of
             the
             Earth
             ,
             which
             is
             (
             as
             was
             said
             )
             their
             Region
             or
             Countrey
             :
             And
             yet
             ,
             we
             see
             nothing
             more
             usual
             in
             all
             Water-works
             and
             Engines
             ,
             then
             that
             the
             Water
             (
             rather
             then
             to
             suffer
             any
             distraction
             or
             dis-union
             in
             Nature
             )
             will
             ascend
             ,
             for
             saking
             the
             love
             to
             his
             own
             Region
             or
             Countrey
             ,
             and
             applying
             it self
             to
             the
             Body
             next
             adjoyning
             .
          
           
             But
             ,
             it
             were
             too
             long
             a
             digression
             to
             proceed
             to
             more
             examples
             of
             this
             kind
             .
             Your
             Majesty
             your self
             ,
             did
             fall
             upon
             a
             passage
             of
             this
             nature
             ,
             in
             your
             gracious
             Speech
             of
             thanks
             unto
             your
             Council
             ;
             when
             acknowledging
             Princely
             ,
             their
             vigilancies
             and
             well-deservings
             ,
             it
             pleased
             you
             to
             note
             ,
             that
             it
             was
             a
             success
             and
             event
             above
             the
             course
             of
             nature
             ,
             to
             have
             so
             great
             Change
             ,
             with
             so
             great
             a
             Quiet
             ;
             Forasmuch
             as
             suddain
             mutations
             ,
             as
             well
             in
             State
             as
             in
             Nature
             ,
             are
             rarely
             without
             violence
             and
             perturbation
             .
             So
             as
             still
             I
             conclude
             ,
             there
             is
             (
             as
             was
             said
             )
             a
             congruity
             between
             the
             principles
             of
             Nature
             and
             Policy
             .
             And
             lest
             that
             instance
             may
             seem
             to
             oppone
             to
             this
             Assertion
             ,
             I
             may
             ,
             even
             in
             that
             particular
             ,
             with
             your
             Majesties
             favour
             ,
             offer
             unto
             you
             a
             Type
             or
             Pattern
             in
             Nature
             ,
             much
             resembling
             this
             event
             in
             your
             State
             :
             Namely
             Earthquakes
             ,
             which
             many
             of
             them
             bring
             ever
             much
             terrour
             and
             wonder
             ,
             but
             no
             actual
             hurt
             ;
             the
             Earth
             trembling
             for
             a
             moment
             ,
             and
             suddenly
             stablishing
             in
             perfect
             quiet
             ,
             as
             it
             was
             before
             .
          
           
           
             This
             knowledge
             then
             ,
             of
             making
             the
             Government
             of
             the
             World
             a
             mirrour
             for
             the
             Government
             of
             a
             State
             ,
             being
             a
             Wisdom
             almost
             lost
             (
             whereof
             the
             reason
             I
             take
             to
             be
             ,
             because
             of
             the
             difficulty
             for
             one
             man
             to
             imbrace
             both
             Philosophies
             )
             I
             have
             thought
             good
             to
             make
             some
             proof
             (
             as
             far
             as
             my
             weakness
             ,
             and
             the
             straights
             of
             my
             time
             will
             suffer
             )
             to
             revive
             in
             the
             handling
             of
             one
             particular
             ,
             wherewith
             now
             I
             most
             humbly
             present
             your
             Majesty
             :
             For
             surely
             ,
             as
             hath
             been
             said
             ,
             it
             is
             a
             form
             of
             Discourse
             anciently
             used
             towards
             Kings
             ;
             And
             to
             what
             King
             should
             it
             be
             more
             proper
             ,
             then
             to
             a
             King
             that
             is
             studious
             to
             conjoin
             contemplative
             Vertue
             and
             active
             Vertue
             together
             ?
          
           
             Your
             Majesty
             is
             the
             first
             King
             that
             had
             the
             Honour
             to
             be
             
               Lapis
               Angularis
            
             ,
             to
             unite
             these
             two
             mighty
             and
             warlike
             Nations
             of
             England
             and
             Scotland
             ,
             under
             one
             Soveraignty
             and
             Monarchy
             .
             It
             doth
             not
             appear
             ,
             by
             the
             Records
             and
             Memories
             of
             any
             true
             History
             ,
             or
             scarcely
             by
             the
             fiction
             and
             pleasure
             of
             any
             fabulous
             Narration
             or
             Tradition
             ,
             That
             ever
             ,
             of
             any
             Antiquity
             ,
             this
             Island
             of
             
               Great
               Britain
            
             was
             united
             under
             one
             King
             before
             this
             day
             .
             And
             yet
             there
             be
             no
             Mountains
             or
             races
             of
             Hills
             ,
             there
             be
             no
             Seas
             nor
             great
             Rivers
             ,
             there
             is
             no
             diversity
             of
             Tongue
             or
             Language
             ,
             that
             hath
             invited
             or
             provoked
             this
             ancient
             Separation
             or
             Divorce
             .
             The
             lot
             of
             Spain
             was
             ,
             to
             have
             the
             several
             Kingdoms
             of
             that
             Continent
             (
             Portugal
             only
             except
             )
             to
             be
             united
             in
             an
             Age
             not
             long
             past
             ;
             and
             now
             in
             our
             Age
             ,
             that
             of
             Portugal
             also
             ,
             which
             was
             the
             last
             that
             held
             out
             ,
             to
             be
             incorporate
             with
             the
             rest
             .
             The
             lot
             of
             France
             hath
             been
             ,
             much
             about
             the
             same
             time
             ,
             likewise
             to
             have
             re-annexed
             unto
             that
             Crown
             ,
             the
             several
             Dutchies
             and
             Portions
             which
             were
             in
             former
             times
             dismembred
             .
             The
             lot
             of
             this
             Island
             is
             the
             last
             ,
             reserved
             for
             your
             Majesties
             happy
             times
             ,
             by
             the
             special
             Providence
             and
             Favour
             of
             God
             ;
             who
             hath
             brought
             your
             Majesty
             to
             this
             happy
             conjunction
             with
             great
             consent
             of
             
             Hearts
             ,
             and
             in
             the
             strength
             of
             your
             Years
             ,
             and
             in
             the
             maturity
             of
             your
             Experience
             .
             It
             resteth
             but
             ,
             that
             (
             as
             I
             promised
             )
             I
             set
             before
             your
             Majesties
             Princely
             consideration
             ,
             the
             grounds
             of
             Nature
             touching
             the
             Union
             and
             Commixture
             of
             Bodies
             ;
             and
             the
             correspondence
             which
             they
             have
             with
             the
             grounds
             of
             Policy
             ,
             in
             the
             conjunction
             of
             States
             and
             Kingdoms
             .
          
           
             First
             ,
             therefore
             ,
             that
             Position
             ,
             
               Vis
               unita
               fortior
            
             ,
             being
             one
             of
             the
             common
             notions
             of
             the
             Mind
             ,
             needeth
             not
             much
             to
             be
             induced
             or
             illustrate
             .
          
           
             We
             see
             the
             Sun
             ,
             when
             he
             entereth
             ,
             and
             while
             he
             continueth
             ,
             under
             the
             Sign
             of
             Leo
             ,
             causeth
             more
             vehement
             heats
             then
             when
             he
             is
             in
             Cancer
             ;
             what
             time
             ,
             his
             Beams
             are
             nevertheless
             more
             perpendicular
             .
             The
             reason
             whereof
             ,
             in
             great
             part
             ,
             hath
             been
             truly
             ascribed
             to
             the
             conjunction
             and
             corradiation
             ,
             in
             that
             place
             of
             Heaven
             ,
             of
             the
             Sun
             ,
             with
             the
             four
             Stars
             of
             the
             first
             magnitude
             ;
             
               Syrius
               ,
               Canicula
               ,
               Cor
               Leonis
               ,
            
             and
             
               Cauda
               Leonis
            
             .
          
           
             So
             the
             Moon
             likewise
             ,
             by
             ancient
             tradition
             ,
             while
             she
             is
             in
             the
             same
             Sign
             of
             Leo
             ,
             is
             said
             to
             be
             at
             the
             Heart
             ;
             which
             is
             not
             for
             any
             affinity
             which
             that
             place
             of
             Heaven
             can
             have
             with
             that
             part
             of
             mans
             Body
             ;
             but
             only
             ,
             because
             the
             Moon
             is
             then
             ,
             by
             reason
             of
             the
             conjunction
             and
             nearness
             with
             the
             Stars
             aforenamed
             ,
             in
             the
             greatest
             strength
             of
             influence
             ;
             and
             so
             worketh
             upon
             that
             part
             in
             inferiour
             Bodies
             ,
             which
             is
             most
             Vital
             and
             Principal
             .
          
           
             So
             we
             see
             ,
             Waters
             and
             Liquors
             ,
             in
             small
             quantity
             ,
             do
             easily
             putrifie
             and
             corrupt
             ;
             but
             in
             large
             quantity
             ,
             subsist
             long
             ,
             by
             reason
             of
             the
             strength
             they
             receive
             by
             union
             .
          
           
             So
             in
             Earthquakes
             ,
             the
             more
             general
             do
             little
             hurt
             ,
             by
             reason
             of
             the
             united
             weight
             which
             they
             offer
             to
             subvert
             ;
             but
             narrow
             and
             particular
             Earthquakes
             have
             many
             times
             overturned
             whole
             Towns
             and
             Cities
             .
          
           
             So
             then
             ,
             this
             point
             ,
             touching
             the
             force
             of
             Union
             ,
             is
             evident
             .
             
             And
             therefore
             ,
             it
             is
             more
             fit
             to
             speak
             of
             the
             manner
             of
             Union
             ;
             wherein
             again
             ,
             it
             will
             not
             be
             pertinent
             to
             handle
             one
             kind
             of
             Union
             ,
             which
             is
             Union
             by
             Victory
             ,
             when
             one
             Body
             doth
             meerly
             subdue
             another
             ,
             and
             converteth
             the
             same
             into
             his
             own
             nature
             ,
             extinguishing
             and
             expulsing
             what
             part
             soever
             of
             it
             it
             cannot
             overcome
             .
             As
             when
             the
             Fire
             converteth
             the
             Wood
             into
             Fire
             ,
             purging
             away
             the
             smoak
             and
             the
             ashes
             ,
             as
             unapt
             Matter
             to
             enflame
             :
             Or
             ,
             when
             the
             Body
             of
             a
             Living
             Creature
             doth
             convert
             and
             assimilate
             Food
             and
             Nourishment
             ,
             purging
             and
             expelling
             whatsoever
             it
             cannot
             convert
             .
             For
             ,
             these
             Representations
             do
             answer
             ,
             in
             matter
             of
             Policy
             ,
             to
             Union
             of
             Countries
             by
             conquest
             ,
             where
             the
             conquering
             State
             doth
             extinguish
             ,
             extirpate
             and
             expulse
             any
             part
             of
             the
             State
             conquered
             ,
             which
             it
             findeth
             so
             contrary
             ,
             as
             it
             cannot
             alter
             and
             convert
             it
             .
             And
             therefore
             ,
             leaving
             violent
             Unions
             ,
             we
             will
             consider
             only
             of
             natural
             Unions
             .
          
           
             The
             difference
             is
             excellent
             ,
             which
             the
             best
             Observers
             in
             Nature
             do
             take
             between
             Compositio
             and
             Mistio
             ,
             putting
             together
             and
             mingling
             ;
             the
             one
             being
             but
             a
             conjunction
             of
             Bodies
             in
             place
             ,
             the
             other
             in
             quality
             and
             consent
             ;
             the
             one
             the
             Mother
             of
             Sedition
             and
             Alteration
             ;
             the
             other
             of
             Peace
             and
             Continuance
             ;
             the
             one
             rather
             a
             Confusion
             then
             an
             Union
             ,
             the
             other
             properly
             an
             Union
             .
             Therefore
             ,
             we
             see
             those
             Bodies
             ,
             which
             they
             call
             
               imperfectè
               mista
            
             ,
             last
             not
             ,
             but
             are
             speedily
             dissolved
             .
             For
             ,
             take
             for
             example
             ,
             Snow
             or
             Froath
             ,
             which
             are
             compositions
             of
             Air
             and
             Water
             ,
             and
             in
             them
             you
             may
             behold
             ,
             how
             easily
             they
             severe
             and
             dissolve
             ,
             the
             Water
             closing
             together
             and
             excluding
             the
             Air.
             
          
           
             So
             those
             three
             Bodies
             ,
             which
             the
             Alchymists
             do
             so
             much
             celebrate
             ,
             as
             the
             three
             Principles
             of
             things
             ;
             that
             is
             to
             say
             ,
             Earth
             ,
             Water
             and
             Oyl
             ,
             (
             which
             it
             pleaseth
             them
             to
             term
             ,
             
               Salt
               ,
               Mercury
            
             and
             Sulphur
             )
             we
             see
             ,
             if
             they
             be
             united
             only
             by
             composition
             or
             putting
             together
             ,
             how
             weakly
             and
             rudely
             they
             do
             incorporate
             :
             For
             Water
             and
             Earth
             maketh
             but
             
             an
             unperfect
             slime
             ;
             and
             if
             they
             be
             forced
             together
             by
             agitation
             ,
             yet
             by
             a
             little
             settling
             ,
             the
             Earth
             resideth
             in
             the
             bottom
             .
             So
             Water
             and
             Oyl
             ,
             though
             by
             agitation
             it
             be
             brought
             into
             an
             Oyntment
             ;
             yet
             ,
             after
             a
             little
             settling
             ,
             the
             Oyl
             will
             float
             on
             the
             top
             :
             So
             as
             such
             imperfect
             mistures
             continue
             no
             longer
             then
             they
             are
             forced
             ;
             and
             still
             in
             the
             end
             ,
             the
             worthiest
             getteth
             above
             .
          
           
             But
             otherwise
             it
             is
             of
             perfect
             mistures
             .
             For
             we
             see
             these
             three
             Bodies
             of
             Earth
             ,
             Water
             and
             Oyl
             ,
             when
             they
             are
             joined
             in
             a
             Vegetable
             or
             Mineral
             ,
             they
             are
             so
             united
             ,
             as
             without
             great
             subtilty
             of
             Art
             and
             force
             of
             Extraction
             ,
             they
             cannot
             be
             separated
             and
             reduced
             into
             the
             same
             simple
             Bodies
             again
             .
             So
             as
             the
             difference
             between
             Compositio
             and
             Mistio
             ,
             clearly
             .
             set
             down
             is
             this
             ;
             That
             Compositio
             is
             the
             joining
             or
             putting
             together
             of
             Bodies
             ,
             without
             a
             new
             Form
             ;
             and
             Mistio
             is
             the
             joining
             or
             putting
             together
             of
             Bodies
             ,
             under
             a
             new
             Form.
             For
             ,
             the
             new
             form
             is
             
               commune
               Vinculum
            
             ;
             and
             without
             that
             ,
             the
             old
             Form
             will
             be
             at
             strife
             and
             discord
             .
          
           
             Now
             ,
             to
             reflect
             this
             Light
             of
             Nature
             upon
             matter
             of
             Estate
             :
             There
             hath
             been
             put
             in
             practice
             ,
             these
             two
             several
             kinds
             of
             Policy
             ,
             in
             uniting
             and
             conjoining
             of
             States
             and
             Kingdoms
             :
             The
             one
             to
             retain
             the
             ancient
             Form
             still
             severed
             ,
             and
             only
             conjoined
             in
             Soveraignty
             ;
             The
             other
             to
             superinduce
             a
             new
             Form
             ,
             agreeable
             and
             convenient
             to
             the
             entire
             State.
             The
             former
             of
             these
             hath
             been
             more
             usual
             ,
             and
             is
             more
             easie
             ;
             but
             the
             latter
             is
             more
             happy
             .
             For
             ,
             if
             a
             man
             do
             attentively
             revolve
             Histories
             of
             all
             Nations
             ,
             and
             judge
             truly
             thereupon
             ,
             he
             will
             make
             this
             conclusion
             ,
             That
             there
             was
             never
             any
             States
             that
             were
             good
             commixtures
             ,
             but
             the
             Romans
             .
             Which
             because
             it
             was
             the
             best
             State
             of
             the
             World
             ,
             and
             is
             the
             best
             Example
             of
             this
             Point
             ,
             we
             will
             chiefly
             insist
             thereupon
             .
          
           
             In
             the
             Antiquities
             of
             
               Rome
               ,
               Virgil
            
             bringeth
             in
             Jupiter
             by
             way
             of
             Oracle
             or
             Prediction
             ,
             speaking
             of
             the
             mixture
             of
             the
             Trojans
             and
             the
             Italians
             :
          
           
           
             
               Sermonem
               Ausonii
               Patrum
               ,
               moresque
               tenebant
               ,
            
             
               Utque
               est
               nomen
               erit
               ;
               Commixti
               Corpore
               tantum
               ,
            
             
               Subsident
               Teucri
               ,
               Morem
               ,
               Ritusque
               Sacrorum
               ,
            
             
               Adjiciam
               ;
               faciamque
               omnes
               uno
               ore
               Latinos
               .
            
             
               Hinc
               genus
               Ausonio
               mistum
               ,
               quod
               sanguine
               surget
               ,
            
             
               Supra
               Homines
               ,
               supra
               ira
               Deos
               ,
               pietate
               videbis
               .
            
          
           
             Wherein
             Jupiter
             maketh
             a
             kind
             of
             partition
             or
             distribution
             ,
             That
             Italy
             should
             give
             the
             Language
             and
             the
             Laws
             ;
             Troy
             should
             give
             a
             mixture
             of
             Men
             ,
             and
             some
             Religious
             Rites
             ;
             and
             both
             people
             should
             meet
             in
             one
             name
             of
             Latines
             .
          
           
             Soon
             after
             the
             foundation
             of
             the
             City
             of
             Rome
             ,
             the
             people
             of
             the
             Romans
             and
             the
             Sabines
             mingled
             upon
             equal
             terms
             .
             Wherein
             the
             interchange
             went
             so
             even
             ,
             that
             (
             as
             Livy
             noteth
             )
             the
             one
             Nation
             gave
             the
             Name
             to
             the
             Place
             ,
             the
             other
             to
             the
             People
             .
             For
             ,
             Rome
             continued
             the
             name
             ,
             but
             the
             people
             were
             called
             Quirites
             ;
             which
             was
             the
             Sabine
             word
             ,
             derived
             of
             Cures
             ,
             the
             Countrey
             of
             Tatius
             .
          
           
             But
             that
             which
             is
             chiefly
             to
             be
             noted
             ,
             in
             the
             whole
             continuance
             of
             the
             Roman
             Government
             ,
             they
             were
             so
             liberal
             of
             their
             Naturalizations
             ,
             as
             in
             effect
             ,
             they
             made
             perpetual
             mixtures
             .
             For
             the
             manner
             was
             ,
             to
             grant
             the
             same
             ,
             not
             only
             to
             particular
             Persons
             ,
             but
             to
             Families
             and
             Linages
             ;
             and
             not
             only
             so
             ,
             but
             to
             whole
             Cities
             and
             Countries
             .
             So
             as
             in
             the
             end
             ,
             it
             came
             to
             that
             ,
             that
             Rome
             was
             
               communis
               Patria
            
             ,
             as
             some
             of
             the
             Civilians
             call
             it
             .
          
           
             So
             we
             read
             of
             Saint
             Paul
             ,
             after
             he
             had
             been
             beaten
             with
             Rods
             ,
             and
             thereupon
             charged
             the
             Officer
             with
             the
             violation
             of
             the
             Priviledge
             of
             a
             Citizen
             of
             Rome
             ;
             The
             Captain
             said
             to
             him
             ,
             
               Art
               thou
               then
               a
               Romane
               ?
               That
               Priviledge
               hath
               cost
               me
               dear
               .
            
             To
             whom
             Saint
             Paul
             replyed
             ,
             
               But
               I
               was
               so
               born
            
             .
             And
             yet
             in
             another
             place
             ,
             Saint
             Paul
             professeth
             himself
             that
             he
             was
             a
             Jew
             by
             Tribe
             :
             So
             as
             it
             is
             manifest
             ,
             that
             some
             of
             his
             Ancestors
             were
             naturalized
             ;
             and
             so
             it
             was
             conveyed
             to
             him
             and
             their
             other
             descendants
             .
          
           
           
             So
             we
             read
             ,
             that
             it
             was
             one
             of
             the
             first
             despites
             that
             was
             done
             to
             
               Julius
               Casar
            
             ;
             That
             whereas
             he
             had
             obtained
             Naturalization
             for
             a
             City
             in
             Gaule
             ,
             one
             of
             the
             City
             was
             beaten
             with
             Rods
             of
             the
             Consul
             Marcellus
             .
          
           
             So
             we
             read
             in
             Tacitus
             ,
             that
             in
             the
             Emperor
             Claudius
             time
             ,
             the
             Nation
             of
             Gaule
             ,
             (
             that
             part
             which
             is
             called
             Comata
             ,
             the
             wilder
             part
             )
             were
             Suiters
             to
             be
             made
             capable
             of
             the
             honour
             of
             being
             Senators
             and
             Officers
             of
             Rome
             .
             His
             words
             are
             these
             :
             
               Cum
               de
               supplendo
               Senatu
               agitaretur
               ,
               primoresque
               Galliae
               ,
               quae
               Comata
               appellatur
               ,
               faedera
               &
               Civitatem
               Romanam
               pridem
               assecuti
               ,
               Jus
               adipiscendorum
               in
               urbe
               Honorum
               ,
               expeterent
               ;
               multus
               ,
               eâsuper
               re
               ,
               variusque
               Rumor
               ,
               &
               studiis
               diversis
               ,
               apud
               Principem
               ,
               certabatur
               .
            
             And
             in
             the
             end
             ,
             after
             long
             debate
             ,
             it
             was
             ruled
             they
             should
             be
             admitted
             .
          
           
             So
             likewise
             ,
             the
             Authority
             of
             
               Nicholas
               Matchiavel
            
             seemeth
             not
             to
             be
             contemned
             ;
             who
             enquiring
             the
             causes
             of
             the
             growth
             of
             the
             Roman
             Empire
             ,
             doth
             give
             Judgement
             ,
             there
             was
             not
             one
             greater
             then
             this
             ,
             That
             the
             State
             did
             so
             easily
             compound
             and
             incorporate
             with
             Strangers
             .
          
           
             It
             is
             true
             ,
             that
             most
             Estates
             and
             Kingdoms
             have
             taken
             the
             other
             course
             .
             Of
             which
             this
             effect
             hath
             followed
             ,
             That
             the
             addition
             of
             further
             Empire
             and
             Territory
             hath
             been
             rather
             matter
             of
             Burthen
             then
             matter
             of
             Strength
             unto
             them
             :
             yea
             ,
             and
             further
             ,
             it
             hath
             kept
             alive
             the
             seeds
             and
             roots
             of
             Revolts
             and
             Rebellions
             for
             many
             Ages
             :
             As
             we
             may
             see
             ,
             in
             a
             fresh
             and
             notable
             Example
             of
             the
             Kingdom
             of
             Arragon
             ;
             which
             though
             it
             were
             united
             to
             Castile
             by
             Marriage
             ,
             and
             not
             by
             Conquest
             ,
             and
             so
             descended
             in
             hereditary
             Union
             ,
             by
             the
             space
             of
             more
             then
             one
             hundred
             years
             ;
             yet
             ,
             because
             it
             was
             continued
             in
             a
             divided
             Government
             ,
             and
             not
             well
             incorporated
             and
             cemented
             with
             the
             other
             Crowns
             ;
             entred
             into
             a
             Rebellion
             ,
             upon
             point
             of
             their
             Fueros
             ,
             or
             Liberties
             ,
             now
             of
             very
             late
             years
             .
          
           
             Now
             ,
             to
             speak
             briefly
             of
             the
             several
             parts
             of
             that
             form
             ,
             
             whereby
             States
             and
             Kingdoms
             are
             perfectly
             united
             ,
             they
             are
             (
             besides
             the
             Soveraignty
             it self
             )
             four
             in
             number
             ;
             Union
             in
             Name
             ,
             Union
             in
             Language
             ,
             Union
             in
             Laws
             ,
             Union
             in
             Employments
             .
          
           
             For
             Name
             ,
             though
             it
             seem
             but
             a
             superficial
             and
             outward
             matter
             ,
             yet
             it
             carrieth
             much
             impression
             and
             enchantment
             :
             The
             general
             and
             common
             name
             of
             Grecia
             made
             the
             Greeks
             alwayes
             apt
             to
             unite
             (
             though
             otherwise
             full
             of
             divisions
             amongst
             themselves
             )
             against
             other
             Nations
             ,
             whom
             they
             called
             Barbarous
             .
             The
             Helvetian
             Name
             is
             no
             small
             Band
             ,
             to
             knit
             together
             their
             Leagues
             and
             Confederacies
             the
             faster
             .
             The
             common
             Name
             of
             Spain
             (
             no
             doubt
             )
             hath
             been
             a
             special
             means
             of
             the
             better
             Union
             and
             Conglutination
             of
             the
             several
             Kingdoms
             of
             
               Castile
               ,
               Aragon
               ,
               Granada
               ,
               Navarrc
               ,
               Valentia
               ,
               Catalonia
            
             and
             the
             rest
             ;
             comprehending
             also
             now
             lately
             Portugal
             .
          
           
             For
             Language
             ,
             it
             is
             not
             needful
             to
             insist
             upon
             it
             ,
             because
             both
             your
             Majesties
             Kingdoms
             are
             of
             one
             Language
             ,
             though
             of
             several
             Dialects
             ;
             and
             the
             difference
             is
             so
             small
             between
             them
             ,
             as
             promiseth
             rather
             an
             enriching
             of
             one
             Language
             ,
             then
             a
             continuance
             of
             two
             .
          
           
             For
             Laws
             ,
             which
             are
             the
             principal
             Sinews
             of
             Government
             ,
             they
             be
             of
             three
             natures
             ;
             Jura
             ,
             which
             I
             will
             term
             Freedoms
             or
             Abilities
             ,
             Leges
             and
             Mores
             .
          
           
             For
             Abilities
             and
             Freedoms
             ,
             they
             were
             amongst
             the
             Romans
             of
             four
             kinds
             ,
             or
             rather
             degrees
             .
             
               Jus
               Connubii
               ,
               Jus
               Civitatis
            
             ,
             and
             
               Jus
               Suffragii
               ,
               Jus
               Petitionis
               ,
               or
               Honoram
               .
               Jus
               Connubii
            
             is
             a
             thing
             in
             these
             times
             ,
             out
             of
             use
             ;
             for
             Marriage
             is
             open
             between
             all
             diversities
             of
             Nations
             .
             
               Jus
               Civitatis
            
             answereth
             to
             that
             we
             call
             Denization
             or
             Naturalization
             .
             
               Jus
               Suffragii
            
             answereth
             to
             the
             Voice
             in
             Parliament
             .
             
               Jus
               Petitionis
            
             answereth
             to
             place
             in
             Council
             or
             Office.
             And
             the
             Romans
             did
             many
             times
             severe
             these
             Freedoms
             ,
             granting
             
               Jus
               Connubii
               ,
               sine
               Civitate
            
             ;
             And
             
               Civitatem
               ,
               sine
               
               suffragio
            
             ;
             And
             
               Suffragium
               ,
               sine
               Jure
               Petitionis
            
             ,
             which
             was
             commonly
             with
             them
             the
             last
             .
          
           
             For
             those
             we
             called
             Leges
             ,
             it
             is
             a
             matter
             of
             curiosity
             and
             inconveniency
             ,
             to
             seek
             either
             to
             extirpate
             all
             particular
             Customs
             ,
             or
             to
             draw
             all
             Subjects
             to
             one
             place
             or
             resort
             of
             Judicature
             and
             Session
             .
             It
             sufficeth
             there
             be
             an
             uniformity
             in
             the
             Principal
             and
             Fundamental
             Laws
             ,
             both
             Ecclesiastical
             and
             Civil
             :
             For
             in
             this
             point
             ,
             the
             Rule
             holdeth
             which
             was
             pronounced
             by
             an
             ancient
             Father
             ,
             touching
             the
             diversity
             of
             Rites
             in
             the
             Church
             ;
             For
             ,
             finding
             the
             Vesture
             of
             the
             Queen
             in
             the
             Psalm
             (
             which
             did
             prefigure
             the
             Church
             )
             was
             of
             divers
             colours
             ;
             and
             finding
             again
             ,
             that
             Christs
             Coat
             was
             without
             a
             seam
             ,
             he
             concludeth
             well
             ,
             
               In
               Veste
               varietas
               sit
               ,
               scissura
               non
               sit
               .
            
          
           
             For
             Manners
             ,
             a
             consent
             in
             them
             is
             to
             be
             sought
             industriously
             ,
             but
             not
             to
             be
             enforced
             :
             For
             nothing
             amongst
             people
             breedeth
             so
             much
             pertinacy
             in
             holding
             their
             Customs
             ,
             as
             suddain
             and
             violent
             offer
             to
             remove
             them
             .
          
           
             And
             as
             for
             Employments
             ,
             it
             is
             no
             more
             but
             in
             indifferent
             hand
             ,
             and
             execution
             of
             that
             Verse
             ,
             
               Tyrôs
               ,
               Triusque
               mihi
               nullo
               discrimine
               agetur
               .
            
          
           
             There
             remaineth
             only
             to
             remember
             ,
             out
             of
             the
             grounds
             of
             Nature
             ,
             the
             two
             conditions
             of
             perfect
             mixture
             ;
             whereof
             the
             former
             is
             Time.
             For
             the
             Natural
             Philosophers
             say
             well
             ,
             that
             Compositio
             is
             
               opus
               Hominis
            
             ;
             and
             
               Mistio
               ,
               opus
               Naturae
            
             .
             For
             it
             is
             the
             duty
             of
             Man
             ,
             to
             make
             a
             fit
             application
             of
             Bodies
             together
             :
             But
             the
             perfect
             fermentation
             and
             incorporation
             of
             them
             ,
             must
             be
             left
             to
             Time
             and
             Nature
             ;
             and
             unnatural
             hasting
             thereof
             ,
             doth
             disturb
             the
             work
             ,
             and
             not
             dispatch
             it
             .
          
           
             So
             we
             see
             ,
             after
             the
             Graft
             is
             put
             into
             the
             Stock
             and
             bound
             ,
             it
             must
             be
             left
             to
             Time
             and
             Nature
             to
             make
             that
             continuum
             ,
             
             which
             at
             the
             first
             was
             but
             contiguum
             .
             And
             it
             is
             not
             any
             continual
             pressing
             or
             thrusting
             together
             that
             will
             prevent
             Natures
             season
             ,
             but
             rather
             hinder
             it
             .
             And
             so
             in
             Liquors
             ,
             those
             commixtures
             which
             are
             at
             the
             first
             troubled
             ,
             grow
             after
             clear
             and
             settled
             ,
             by
             the
             benefit
             of
             rest
             and
             time
             .
          
           
             The
             second
             condition
             is
             ,
             That
             the
             greater
             draw
             the
             less
             .
             So
             we
             see
             ,
             when
             two
             Lights
             do
             meet
             ,
             the
             greater
             doth
             darken
             and
             dim
             the
             less
             .
             And
             when
             a
             smaller
             River
             runneth
             into
             a
             greater
             ,
             it
             loseth
             both
             his
             Name
             and
             Stream
             .
             And
             hereof
             ,
             to
             conclude
             ,
             wee
             see
             an
             excellent
             example
             in
             the
             Kingdoms
             of
             Judah
             and
             Israel
             .
             The
             Kingdom
             of
             Judah
             contained
             two
             Tribes
             ;
             the
             Kingdom
             of
             Israel
             contained
             ten
             :
             King
             David
             raigned
             over
             Judah
             for
             certain
             years
             ;
             And
             after
             the
             death
             of
             Isbosheth
             ,
             the
             Son
             of
             Saul
             obtained
             likewise
             the
             Kingdom
             of
             Israel
             .
             This
             Union
             continued
             in
             him
             ,
             and
             likewise
             in
             his
             Son
             Salomon
             ,
             by
             the
             space
             of
             seventy
             years
             at
             least
             ,
             between
             them
             both
             :
             But
             yet
             ,
             because
             the
             Seat
             of
             the
             Kingdom
             was
             kept
             still
             in
             Judah
             ,
             and
             so
             the
             lesse
             sought
             to
             draw
             the
             greater
             ;
             upon
             the
             first
             occasion
             offered
             ,
             the
             Kingdoms
             brake
             again
             ,
             and
             so
             continued
             ever
             after
             .
          
           
             Thus
             having
             ,
             in
             all
             humbleness
             ,
             made
             oblation
             to
             your
             Majesty
             of
             these
             simple
             Fruits
             of
             my
             Devotion
             and
             Studies
             ;
             I
             do
             wish
             ,
             and
             do
             wish
             it
             ,
             not
             in
             the
             nature
             of
             an
             impossibility
             (
             to
             my
             apprehension
             )
             That
             this
             happy
             Union
             of
             your
             Majesties
             two
             Kingdoms
             of
             England
             and
             Scotland
             ,
             may
             be
             in
             as
             good
             an
             hour
             ,
             and
             under
             the
             like
             Divine
             Providence
             ,
             as
             that
             was
             between
             the
             Romans
             and
             the
             Sabines
             .
          
        
         
           
           
             CERTAIN
             ARTICLES
             OR
             CONSIDERATIONS
             ,
             Touching
             the
             Union
             of
             the
             Kingdoms
             of
             England
             and
             Scotland
             .
          
           
             
               Collected
               and
               dispersed
               for
               His
               MAJESTIES
               better
               Service
               .
            
          
           
             YOur
             Majesty
             being
             (
             I
             do
             not
             doubt
             )
             directed
             and
             conducted
             by
             a
             better
             Oracle
             ,
             then
             that
             which
             was
             given
             for
             light
             to
             Aeneas
             in
             his
             peregrination
             ,
             (
             
               Antiquam
               exquirite
               Matrem
            
             )
             hath
             a
             Royal
             ,
             and
             indeed
             an
             Heroical
             desire
             ,
             to
             reduce
             these
             two
             Kingdoms
             of
             England
             and
             Scotland
             ,
             into
             the
             Unity
             of
             their
             ancient
             Mother
             Kingdom
             of
             Britain
             .
             Wherein
             ,
             as
             I
             would
             gladly
             applaud
             unto
             your
             Majesty
             ,
             or
             sing
             aloud
             that
             Hymn
             or
             Anthem
             ,
             
               Sic
               itur
               ad
               Astra
            
             ;
             So
             in
             a
             more
             soft
             and
             submiss
             voice
             ,
             I
             must
             necessarily
             remember
             unto
             your
             Majesty
             ,
             that
             Warning
             or
             Caveat
             ,
             
               Ardua
               ,
               quae
               pulchra
            
             ;
             It
             is
             an
             action
             
             that
             requireth
             ,
             yea
             ,
             and
             needeth
             much
             ,
             not
             only
             of
             your
             Majesties
             Wisdom
             ,
             but
             of
             your
             Felicity
             .
             In
             this
             Argument
             ,
             I
             presumed
             ,
             at
             your
             Majesties
             first
             entrance
             ,
             to
             write
             a
             few
             Lines
             indeed
             Scholastically
             and
             Speculatively
             ,
             and
             not
             Actively
             or
             Politickly
             ,
             as
             I
             held
             it
             fit
             for
             me
             at
             that
             time
             ,
             when
             neither
             your
             Majesty
             was
             ,
             in
             that
             your
             desire
             ,
             declared
             ,
             nor
             my self
             in
             that
             Service
             ,
             used
             or
             trusted
             .
             But
             now
             ,
             that
             both
             your
             Majesty
             hath
             opened
             your
             desire
             and
             purpose
             ,
             with
             much
             admiration
             ,
             even
             of
             those
             who
             give
             it
             not
             so
             full
             an
             approbation
             ;
             and
             that
             my self
             was
             by
             the
             Commons
             ,
             graced
             with
             the
             first
             Vote
             of
             all
             the
             Commons
             ,
             selected
             for
             that
             Cause
             ;
             Not
             in
             any
             estimation
             of
             my
             ability
             (
             for
             therein
             so
             wise
             an
             Assembly
             could
             not
             be
             so
             much
             deceived
             )
             but
             in
             an
             acknowledgement
             of
             my
             extream
             labours
             and
             integrity
             in
             that
             business
             ,
             I
             thought
             my self
             every
             wayes
             bound
             ,
             both
             in
             duty
             to
             your
             Majesty
             ,
             and
             in
             trust
             to
             that
             House
             of
             Parliament
             ,
             and
             in
             consent
             to
             the
             matter
             it self
             ,
             and
             in
             conformity
             to
             my
             own
             travails
             and
             beginnings
             ;
             not
             to
             neglect
             any
             pains
             that
             may
             tend
             to
             the
             furtherance
             of
             so
             excellent
             a
             work
             :
             Wherein
             I
             will
             indeavour
             ,
             that
             that
             which
             I
             shall
             set
             down
             be
             
               Nihil
               minus
               quam
               verba
            
             :
             For
             length
             and
             ornament
             of
             Speech
             are
             to
             be
             used
             for
             perswasion
             of
             Multitudes
             ,
             and
             not
             for
             information
             of
             Kings
             ;
             especially
             such
             a
             King
             ,
             as
             is
             the
             only
             instance
             that
             ever
             I
             knew
             ,
             to
             make
             a
             man
             of
             
             Plato's
             opinion
             ,
             
               That
               all
               knowledge
               is
               but
               remembrance
               ,
            
             and
             that
             the
             mind
             of
             Man
             knoweth
             all
             things
             ,
             and
             demandeth
             only
             to
             have
             her
             own
             Notions
             excited
             and
             awaked
             .
             Which
             your
             Majesties
             rare
             and
             indeed
             singular
             gift
             and
             faculty
             of
             swift
             apprehension
             ,
             and
             infinite
             expansion
             or
             multiplication
             of
             another
             mans
             knowledge
             by
             your
             own
             ,
             as
             I
             have
             often
             observed
             ,
             so
             I
             did
             extremely
             admire
             in
             Goodwins
             Cause
             ,
             being
             a
             matter
             full
             of
             Secrets
             and
             Mysteries
             of
             our
             Laws
             ,
             meerly
             new
             unto
             you
             ,
             and
             quite
             out
             of
             the
             path
             of
             your
             Education
             ,
             Reading
             and
             Conference
             :
             Wherein
             ,
             nevertheless
             ,
             
             upon
             a
             spark
             of
             light
             given
             ,
             your
             Majesty
             took
             in
             so
             dexterously
             and
             profoundly
             ,
             as
             if
             you
             had
             been
             indeed
             
               Anima
               Legis
            
             ,
             not
             only
             in
             execution
             ,
             but
             in
             understanding
             :
             The
             remembrance
             whereof
             ,
             as
             it
             will
             never
             be
             out
             of
             my
             mind
             ,
             So
             it
             will
             alwayes
             be
             a
             warning
             to
             me
             ,
             to
             seek
             rather
             to
             excite
             your
             Judgement
             briefly
             ,
             then
             to
             inform
             it
             tediously
             ;
             and
             if
             in
             a
             matter
             of
             that
             nature
             ,
             how
             much
             more
             in
             this
             ,
             wherein
             your
             Princely
             cogitations
             have
             wrought
             themselves
             and
             been
             conversant
             ,
             and
             wherein
             the
             principal
             Light
             proceeded
             from
             your Self
             .
          
           
             And
             therefore
             ,
             my
             purpose
             is
             only
             to
             break
             this
             matter
             of
             the
             Union
             into
             certain
             short
             Articles
             and
             Questions
             ;
             and
             to
             make
             a
             certain
             kind
             of
             Anatomy
             or
             Analysis
             of
             the
             Parts
             and
             Members
             thereof
             ;
             not
             that
             I
             am
             of
             opinion
             ,
             that
             all
             the
             Questions
             which
             I
             now
             shall
             open
             ,
             were
             fit
             to
             be
             in
             the
             Consultation
             of
             the
             Commissioners
             propounded
             .
             For
             I
             hold
             nothing
             so
             great
             an
             enemy
             to
             good
             resolution
             ,
             as
             the
             making
             of
             too
             many
             questions
             ;
             specially
             in
             Assemblies
             ,
             which
             consist
             of
             many
             .
             For
             Princes
             ,
             for
             avoiding
             of
             distraction
             ,
             must
             take
             many
             things
             by
             way
             of
             admittance
             ;
             and
             if
             questions
             must
             be
             made
             of
             them
             ,
             rather
             to
             suffer
             them
             to
             arise
             from
             others
             ,
             then
             to
             grace
             them
             and
             authorize
             them
             ,
             as
             propounded
             from
             themselves
             .
             But
             unto
             your
             Majesties
             private
             consideration
             ,
             to
             whom
             it
             may
             better
             sort
             with
             me
             ,
             rather
             to
             speak
             as
             a
             Remembrancer
             ,
             then
             as
             a
             Counceller
             ,
             I
             have
             thought
             good
             to
             lay
             before
             you
             ,
             all
             the
             Branches
             ,
             Lineaments
             and
             Degrees
             of
             this
             Union
             ,
             that
             upon
             the
             view
             and
             consideration
             of
             them
             and
             their
             circumstances
             ,
             your
             Majesty
             may
             the
             more
             clearly
             discern
             ,
             and
             more
             readily
             call
             to
             mind
             ,
             which
             of
             them
             is
             to
             be
             imbraced
             ,
             and
             which
             to
             be
             rejected
             ;
             And
             of
             these
             which
             are
             to
             be
             accepted
             ,
             which
             of
             them
             is
             presently
             to
             be
             proceeded
             in
             ,
             and
             which
             to
             be
             put
             over
             to
             further
             time
             ;
             And
             again
             ,
             which
             of
             them
             shall
             require
             Authority
             of
             Parliament
             ,
             and
             which
             are
             fitter
             to
             be
             
             effected
             by
             your
             Majesties
             Royal
             Power
             and
             Prerogative
             ,
             or
             by
             other
             Policies
             or
             Means
             ;
             And
             lastly
             ,
             which
             of
             them
             is
             liker
             to
             pass
             with
             difficulty
             and
             contradiction
             ,
             and
             which
             with
             more
             facility
             and
             smoothness
             :
          
           
             First
             therefore
             ,
             to
             begin
             with
             that
             Question
             ,
             that
             I
             suppose
             will
             be
             out
             of
             question
             .
          
           
             
             Whether
             it
             be
             not
             meet
             ,
             that
             the
             Statutes
             which
             were
             made
             touching
             Scotland
             ,
             or
             the
             Scots
             Nation
             ,
             while
             the
             Kingdoms
             stood
             severed
             ,
             be
             repealed
             ?
          
           
             It
             is
             true
             ,
             there
             is
             a
             diversity
             in
             these
             ;
             For
             some
             of
             these
             Laws
             consider
             Scotland
             as
             an
             Enemy
             Countrey
             ;
             Other
             Laws
             consider
             it
             ,
             as
             a
             Forraign
             Countrey
             only
             :
             As
             for
             example
             ,
             the
             Law
             of
             Rich.
             2.
             
             Anno
             70.
             which
             prohibiteth
             all
             Armour
             or
             Victual
             to
             be
             carried
             to
             Scotland
             ;
             And
             the
             Law
             of
             70.
             of
             K.
             H.
             the
             7.
             that
             Enacteth
             all
             the
             Scots
             Men
             to
             depart
             the
             Realm
             ,
             within
             a
             time
             prefixed
             ;
             Both
             these
             Laws
             and
             some
             others
             ,
             respect
             Scotland
             as
             a
             Countrey
             of
             hostility
             :
             But
             the
             Law
             of
             22.
             of
             Ed.
             4.
             that
             endueth
             Barwick
             with
             the
             Liberty
             of
             a
             Staple
             ,
             where
             all
             Scots
             Merchandizes
             should
             resort
             ,
             that
             should
             be
             uttered
             for
             England
             ;
             And
             likewise
             all
             English
             Merchandizes
             that
             should
             be
             uttered
             for
             Scotland
             :
             This
             Law
             beholdeth
             Scotland
             only
             as
             a
             Forraign
             Nation
             ,
             and
             not
             so
             much
             neither
             ;
             for
             there
             have
             been
             erected
             Staples
             in
             Towns
             in
             England
             for
             some
             Commodities
             ,
             with
             an
             exclusion
             and
             restriction
             of
             other
             parts
             of
             England
             .
          
           
             But
             this
             is
             a
             matter
             of
             the
             least
             difficulty
             ;
             your
             Majesty
             shall
             have
             a
             Calendar
             made
             of
             the
             Laws
             ,
             and
             a
             Brief
             of
             the
             Effect
             ,
             and
             so
             you
             may
             judge
             of
             them
             :
             And
             the
             like
             ,
             or
             reciproque
             ,
             is
             to
             be
             done
             by
             Scotland
             ,
             for
             such
             Laws
             as
             they
             have
             concerning
             England
             and
             the
             English
             Nation
             .
          
           
             
             The
             second
             Question
             is
             ,
             what
             Laws
             ,
             Customs
             ,
             Commissions
             ,
             Officers
             ,
             Garrisons
             and
             the
             like
             ,
             are
             to
             be
             put
             
             down
             ,
             dis-continued
             or
             taken
             away
             ,
             upon
             the
             Borders
             of
             both
             Realms
             ?
          
           
             This
             point
             ,
             because
             I
             am
             not
             acquainted
             with
             the
             Orders
             of
             the
             Marches
             ,
             I
             can
             say
             the
             less
             .
          
           
             Herein
             falleth
             that
             question
             ,
             Whether
             that
             the
             Tennants
             ,
             who
             hold
             their
             Tennant-Rights
             in
             a
             greater
             freedom
             and
             exemption
             ,
             in
             consideration
             of
             their
             service
             ,
             upon
             the
             Borders
             ;
             and
             that
             the
             Countreys
             themselves
             ,
             which
             are
             in
             the
             same
             respect
             ,
             discharged
             of
             Subsidies
             and
             Taxes
             ,
             should
             not
             now
             be
             brought
             to
             be
             in
             one
             degree
             with
             other
             Tennants
             and
             Countreys
             ?
             
               Nam
               cessante
               causâ
               ,
               tollitur
               effectus
            
             ;
             wherein
             ,
             in
             my
             opinion
             ,
             some
             time
             would
             be
             given
             ,
             
               Quia
               adhuc
               corum
               Messis
               in
               herbâ
               est
               :
            
             But
             some
             present
             Ordinance
             would
             be
             made
             ,
             to
             take
             effect
             at
             a
             future
             time
             ;
             considering
             it
             is
             one
             of
             the
             greatest
             points
             and
             marks
             of
             the
             division
             of
             the
             Kingdoms
             .
             And
             because
             Reason
             doth
             dictate
             ,
             that
             where
             the
             principal
             Solution
             of
             Continuity
             was
             ,
             there
             the
             healing
             and
             consolidating
             Plaister
             should
             be
             chiefly
             applyed
             ;
             There
             would
             be
             some
             further
             device
             ,
             for
             the
             utter
             and
             perpetual
             confounding
             of
             those
             imaginary
             Bounds
             (
             as
             your
             Majesty
             termeth
             them
             )
             And
             therefore
             ,
             it
             would
             be
             considered
             ,
             whether
             it
             were
             not
             convenient
             to
             plant
             and
             erect
             at
             Carleil
             or
             Barwick
             ,
             some
             Council
             or
             Court
             of
             Justice
             ,
             the
             Jurisdiction
             whereof
             might
             extend
             part
             into
             England
             ,
             and
             part
             into
             Scotland
             ;
             With
             a
             Commission
             ,
             not
             to
             proceed
             precisely
             ,
             or
             meerly
             according
             to
             the
             Laws
             and
             Customs
             either
             of
             England
             or
             Scotland
             ,
             but
             mixtly
             ,
             according
             to
             Instructions
             by
             your
             Majesty
             to
             be
             set
             down
             ,
             after
             the
             imitation
             and
             precedent
             of
             the
             Council
             of
             the
             Marches
             here
             in
             England
             ,
             erected
             upon
             the
             Union
             of
             Wales
             .
          
           
             
             The
             third
             Question
             is
             ,
             that
             which
             many
             will
             make
             a
             great
             question
             of
             ,
             though
             perhaps
             ,
             your
             Majesty
             will
             make
             no
             question
             of
             it
             ;
             And
             that
             
             is
             ,
             Whether
             your
             Majesty
             should
             not
             make
             a
             stop
             ,
             or
             stand
             here
             ,
             and
             not
             to
             proceed
             to
             any
             further
             Union
             ,
             contenting
             your Self
             with
             the
             two
             former
             Articles
             or
             Points
             ?
          
           
             For
             it
             will
             be
             said
             ,
             That
             we
             are
             now
             well
             (
             thanks
             be
             to
             God
             )
             and
             your
             Majesty
             and
             the
             State
             of
             neither
             Kingdom
             is
             to
             be
             repented
             of
             ;
             And
             that
             it
             is
             true
             which
             Hippocrates
             saith
             ,
             That
             ,
             
               Sana
               Corpora
               difficilè
               medicationes
               ferunt
            
             ;
             It
             is
             better
             to
             make
             alterations
             in
             sick
             Bodies
             ,
             then
             in
             found
             .
             The
             consideration
             of
             which
             point
             ,
             will
             rest
             upon
             these
             two
             Branches
             ;
             What
             inconveniencies
             will
             ensue
             with
             time
             ,
             if
             the
             Realms
             stand
             as
             they
             are
             divided
             ,
             which
             are
             yet
             not
             found
             nor
             sprung
             up
             .
             For
             it
             may
             be
             ,
             the
             sweetness
             of
             your
             Majesties
             first
             entrance
             ,
             and
             the
             great
             Benefit
             that
             both
             Nations
             have
             felt
             thereby
             ,
             hath
             covered
             many
             inconveniencies
             ;
             Which
             nevertheless
             ,
             be
             your
             Majesties
             Government
             never
             so
             gracious
             and
             politick
             ,
             continuance
             of
             time
             and
             the
             accidents
             of
             time
             may
             breed
             and
             discover
             ,
             if
             the
             Kingdoms
             stand
             divided
             .
          
           
             The
             second
             Branch
             is
             ,
             Allow
             no
             manifest
             or
             important
             peril
             or
             inconvenience
             should
             ensue
             ,
             of
             the
             continuing
             of
             the
             Kingdoms
             divided
             ;
             yet
             ,
             on
             the
             other
             side
             ,
             whether
             that
             ,
             upon
             the
             further
             uniting
             of
             them
             ,
             there
             be
             not
             like
             to
             follow
             that
             addition
             and
             encrease
             of
             Wealth
             and
             Reputation
             ,
             as
             is
             worthy
             your
             Majesties
             Vertues
             and
             Fortune
             to
             be
             the
             Author
             and
             Founder
             of
             ,
             for
             the
             advancement
             and
             exaltation
             of
             your
             Majesties
             Royal
             Posterity
             ,
             in
             time
             to
             come
             .
          
           
             
             But
             ,
             admitting
             that
             your
             Majesty
             should
             proceed
             to
             this
             more
             perfect
             and
             entire
             Union
             ,
             wherein
             your
             Majesty
             may
             say
             ,
             
               Majus
               opus
               moveo
            
             ;
             To
             enter
             into
             the
             parts
             and
             degrees
             thereof
             ,
             I
             think
             fit
             ,
             first
             ,
             to
             set
             down
             ,
             as
             in
             a
             brief
             Table
             ,
             in
             what
             points
             the
             Nations
             stand
             now
             at
             this
             present
             time
             already
             united
             ,
             and
             in
             what
             points
             yet
             still
             severed
             and
             divided
             ;
             that
             your
             Majesty
             may
             the
             better
             see
             what
             is
             done
             ,
             and
             what
             
             is
             to
             be
             done
             ;
             and
             how
             that
             which
             is
             to
             be
             done
             ,
             is
             to
             be
             inferred
             upon
             that
             which
             is
             done
             .
          
           
             The
             Points
             wherein
             the
             Nations
             stand
             already
             united
             are
             ,
          
           
             In
             Soveraignty
             .
          
           
             In
             the
             Relative
             thereof
             ,
             which
             is
             Subjection
             .
          
           
             In
             Religion
             .
          
           
             In
             Continent
             .
          
           
             In
             Language
             .
          
           
             And
             now
             lastly
             ,
             by
             the
             Peace
             your
             Majesty
             concluded
             with
             Spain
             in
             Leagues
             and
             Confederacies
             ;
             For
             now
             both
             Nations
             have
             the
             same
             Friends
             and
             the
             same
             Enemies
             .
          
           
             Yet
             notwithstanding
             ,
             there
             is
             none
             of
             the
             six
             Points
             wherein
             the
             Union
             is
             perfect
             and
             consummate
             ;
             But
             every
             of
             them
             hath
             some
             scruple
             ,
             or
             rather
             grain
             of
             separation
             ,
             enwrapped
             and
             included
             in
             them
             .
          
           
             
             For
             the
             Soveraignty
             ,
             the
             Union
             is
             absolute
             in
             your
             Majesty
             and
             your
             Generation
             ;
             But
             if
             it
             should
             so
             be
             ,
             (
             which
             God
             of
             his
             infinite
             mercy
             defend
             )
             that
             your
             Issue
             should
             fail
             ,
             then
             the
             descent
             of
             both
             Realms
             doth
             resort
             to
             the
             several
             Lines
             of
             the
             several
             Blouds
             Royal.
             
          
           
             
             For
             Subjection
             ,
             I
             take
             the
             Law
             of
             England
             to
             be
             clear
             ,
             (
             what
             the
             Law
             of
             Scotland
             is
             ,
             I
             know
             not
             )
             That
             all
             Scots
             men
             ,
             from
             the
             very
             instant
             of
             your
             Majesties
             Reign
             begun
             ,
             are
             become
             Denizens
             ;
             And
             the
             Post-nati
             are
             naturalized
             Subjects
             of
             England
             ,
             for
             the
             time
             forwards
             :
             For
             ,
             by
             our
             Laws
             ,
             none
             can
             be
             an
             Alien
             ,
             but
             he
             that
             is
             of
             another
             Allegiance
             
             then
             our
             Soveraign
             Lord
             the
             Kings
             ;
             For
             there
             be
             but
             two
             sorts
             of
             Aliens
             ,
             whereof
             we
             find
             mention
             in
             our
             
             Law
             ;
             an
             
               Alien
               Ami
            
             ,
             and
             an
             
               Alien
               Enemy
            
             ;
             whereof
             the
             former
             is
             a
             Subject
             of
             a
             State
             in
             amity
             with
             the
             King
             ,
             and
             the
             latter
             a
             Subject
             of
             a
             State
             in
             hostility
             :
             But
             ,
             whether
             he
             be
             one
             or
             other
             ,
             it
             is
             an
             essential
             difference
             unto
             the
             definition
             of
             an
             Alien
             ,
             if
             he
             be
             not
             of
             the
             Kings
             Allegiance
             ;
             As
             we
             see
             it
             evidently
             in
             the
             precedent
             of
             Ireland
             ,
             who
             since
             they
             were
             Subjects
             to
             the
             Crown
             of
             England
             ,
             have
             ever
             been
             inheritable
             and
             capable
             ,
             as
             Natural
             Subjects
             ;
             And
             yet
             ,
             not
             by
             any
             Statute
             or
             Act
             of
             Parliament
             ,
             but
             meerly
             by
             the
             common
             Law
             ,
             and
             the
             Reason
             thereof
             .
             So
             as
             there
             is
             no
             doubt
             ,
             that
             every
             Subject
             in
             Scotland
             was
             and
             is
             in
             like
             plight
             and
             degree
             ,
             since
             your
             Majesties
             coming
             in
             ,
             as
             if
             your
             Majesty
             had
             granted
             particularly
             your
             Letters
             of
             Denization
             or
             Naturalization
             to
             every
             of
             them
             ,
             and
             the
             Post-nati
             wholly
             Natural
             .
             But
             then
             ,
             on
             the
             other
             side
             ,
             for
             the
             time
             backwards
             ,
             and
             for
             those
             that
             were
             Ante-nati
             ,
             the
             Blood
             is
             not
             by
             Law
             naturalized
             ;
             So
             as
             they
             cannot
             take
             it
             by
             descent
             from
             their
             Ancestors
             ,
             without
             Act
             of
             Parliament
             .
             And
             therefore
             ,
             in
             this
             point
             ,
             there
             is
             a
             defect
             in
             the
             Union
             of
             Subjection
             .
          
           
             
             For
             matter
             of
             Religion
             ,
             the
             Union
             is
             perfect
             in
             points
             of
             Doctrine
             ;
             but
             in
             matter
             of
             Discipline
             and
             Government
             ,
             it
             is
             imperfect
             .
          
           
             
             For
             the
             Continent
             ;
             It
             is
             true
             ,
             there
             are
             no
             natural
             Boundaries
             of
             Mountains
             or
             Seas
             ,
             or
             Navigable
             Rivers
             ;
             But
             yet
             there
             are
             Badges
             and
             Memorials
             of
             Borders
             :
             Of
             which
             point
             ,
             I
             have
             spoken
             before
             .
          
           
             
             For
             the
             Language
             ;
             It
             is
             true
             ,
             the
             Nations
             are
             
               unius
               Labii
            
             ,
             and
             have
             not
             the
             first
             curse
             of
             disunion
             ,
             which
             was
             
               Confusion
               of
               Tongues
            
             ,
             whereby
             one
             understood
             not
             another
             :
             But
             yet
             the
             Dialect
             is
             differing
             ,
             and
             it
             remaineth
             a
             kind
             of
             mark
             of
             distinction
             .
             But
             for
             that
             ,
             
               Tempori
               permittendum
            
             ,
             it
             is
             to
             be
             left
             to
             time
             :
             For
             ,
             considering
             that
             both
             Languages
             do
             concur
             in
             the
             principal
             
             Office
             and
             Duty
             of
             Language
             ,
             which
             is
             to
             make
             a
             mans
             self
             understood
             ;
             For
             the
             rest
             ,
             it
             is
             rather
             to
             be
             accounted
             (
             as
             was
             said
             )
             a
             diversity
             of
             Dialect
             then
             of
             Language
             ;
             and
             as
             I
             said
             in
             my
             first
             Writing
             ,
             it
             is
             like
             to
             bring
             forth
             the
             enriching
             of
             one
             Language
             ,
             by
             compounding
             and
             taking
             in
             the
             proper
             and
             significant
             Words
             of
             either
             Tongue
             ,
             rather
             then
             a
             continuance
             of
             two
             Languages
             .
          
           
             
             For
             Leagues
             and
             Confederacies
             ;
             It
             is
             true
             ,
             that
             neither
             Nation
             is
             now
             in
             hostility
             with
             any
             State
             ,
             wherewith
             the
             other
             Nation
             is
             in
             amity
             :
             but
             yet
             so
             ,
             as
             the
             Leagues
             and
             Treaties
             have
             been
             concluded
             with
             either
             Nation
             respectively
             ,
             and
             not
             with
             both
             jointly
             ;
             which
             may
             contain
             some
             diversity
             of
             Articles
             of
             straitness
             with
             one
             ,
             more
             then
             with
             the
             other
             .
          
           
             But
             many
             of
             these
             matters
             may
             perhaps
             be
             of
             that
             kind
             ,
             as
             may
             fall
             within
             that
             Rule
             ,
             
               In
               veste
               variet
               as
               sit
               ,
               scissura
               non
               sit
               .
            
          
           
             Now
             to
             descend
             to
             the
             particular
             points
             ,
             wherein
             the
             Realms
             stand
             severed
             and
             divided
             ,
             over
             and
             besides
             the
             former
             six
             points
             of
             separation
             ,
             which
             I
             have
             noted
             and
             placed
             as
             the
             defects
             or
             abatements
             of
             the
             six
             points
             of
             the
             Union
             ,
             and
             therefore
             shall
             not
             need
             to
             be
             repeated
             .
             The
             points
             ,
             I
             say
             ,
             yet
             remaining
             ,
             I
             will
             divide
             into
             External
             and
             into
             Internal
             .
          
           
             
             The
             External
             Points
             therefore
             of
             the
             separation
             ,
             are
             four
             .
          
           
             1.
             
             The
             several
             Crowns
             ;
             I
             mean
             ,
             the
             ceremonial
             and
             material
             Crowns
             .
          
           
             2.
             
             The
             second
             is
             ,
             the
             several
             Names
             ,
             Stiles
             or
             Appellations
             .
          
           
             3.
             
             The
             third
             is
             ,
             the
             several
             Prints
             of
             the
             Seals
             .
          
           
             4.
             
             The
             fourth
             is
             ,
             the
             several
             Stamps
             or
             Marks
             of
             the
             Coins
             of
             Monies
             .
          
           
           
             It
             is
             true
             ,
             that
             the
             External
             are
             ,
             in
             some
             respect
             and
             parts
             ,
             much
             mingled
             and
             interlaced
             with
             considerations
             Internal
             ;
             and
             that
             they
             may
             be
             as
             effectual
             to
             the
             true
             Union
             ,
             which
             must
             be
             the
             work
             of
             time
             ,
             as
             the
             Internal
             ,
             because
             they
             are
             operative
             upon
             the
             conceits
             and
             opinions
             of
             the
             People
             :
             The
             uniting
             of
             whose
             hearts
             and
             affections
             ,
             is
             the
             life
             and
             true
             end
             of
             this
             Work.
             
          
           
             
             For
             the
             Ceremonial
             Crowns
             ,
             the
             question
             will
             be
             ,
             whether
             there
             shall
             be
             framed
             one
             new
             Imperial
             Crown
             of
             Britain
             ,
             to
             be
             used
             for
             the
             time
             to
             come
             ?
          
           
             Also
             ,
             admitting
             that
             to
             be
             thought
             convenient
             ,
             whether
             in
             the
             Frame
             thereof
             ,
             there
             shall
             not
             be
             some
             reference
             to
             the
             Crowns
             of
             Ireland
             and
             France
             ?
          
           
             Also
             ,
             whether
             your
             Majesty
             should
             repeat
             or
             iterate
             your
             own
             Coronation
             and
             your
             Queens
             ;
             or
             only
             ordain
             ,
             that
             such
             new
             Crown
             shall
             be
             used
             by
             your
             Posterity
             hereafter
             ?
          
           
             The
             difficulties
             will
             be
             ,
             in
             the
             conceit
             of
             some
             inequality
             ,
             whereby
             the
             Realm
             of
             Scotland
             may
             be
             thought
             to
             be
             made
             an
             accession
             unto
             the
             Realm
             of
             England
             .
             But
             that
             resteth
             in
             some
             circumstances
             ;
             for
             the
             compounding
             of
             the
             two
             Crowns
             is
             equal
             ;
             The
             calling
             of
             the
             new
             Crown
             ,
             
               The
               Crown
               of
            
             Britain
             ,
             is
             equal
             .
             Only
             the
             place
             of
             Coronation
             ,
             if
             it
             shall
             be
             at
             Westminster
             ,
             which
             is
             the
             ancient
             ,
             august
             and
             sacred
             place
             for
             the
             Kings
             of
             England
             ,
             may
             seem
             to
             make
             an
             inequality
             :
             And
             again
             ,
             if
             the
             Crown
             of
             Scotland
             be
             discontinued
             ,
             then
             that
             Ceremony
             which
             I
             hear
             is
             used
             in
             the
             Parliament
             of
             Scotland
             ,
             in
             the
             absence
             of
             the
             Kings
             ,
             to
             have
             the
             Crowns
             carried
             in
             solemnity
             ,
             must
             likewise
             cease
             .
          
           
             
             For
             the
             Name
             ,
             the
             main
             question
             is
             ,
             whether
             the
             contracted
             Name
             of
             Britain
             shall
             be
             by
             your
             Majesty
             used
             ,
             or
             the
             divided
             Names
             of
             England
             and
             Scotland
             .
          
           
           
             Admitting
             there
             shall
             be
             an
             alteration
             ,
             then
             the
             case
             will
             require
             these
             following
             Questions
             .
          
           
             First
             ,
             whether
             the
             Name
             of
             Britain
             shall
             not
             only
             be
             used
             in
             your
             Majesties
             Stile
             ,
             where
             the
             entire
             Stile
             is
             recited
             ;
             and
             in
             all
             other
             forms
             ,
             the
             divided
             Names
             to
             remain
             ,
             both
             of
             the
             Realms
             and
             of
             the
             People
             ;
             Or
             otherwise
             ,
             that
             the
             very
             divided
             Names
             of
             Realms
             and
             People
             ,
             shall
             likewise
             be
             changed
             or
             turned
             into
             special
             or
             sub-divided
             Names
             of
             the
             general
             Name
             ;
             That
             is
             to
             say
             ,
             for
             example
             ,
             whether
             your
             Majesty
             in
             your
             Stile
             ,
             shall
             denominate
             your self
             ,
             
               King
               of
               Britain
               ,
               France
            
             and
             Ireland
             ,
             &c.
             
             And
             yet
             ,
             nevertheless
             ,
             in
             any
             Commission
             ,
             Writ
             or
             otherwise
             ,
             where
             your
             Majesty
             mentioneth
             England
             or
             Scotland
             ,
             you
             shall
             retain
             the
             ancient
             Names
             ,
             as
             
               Secundum
               consuetudinem
               Regni
               nostri
            
             Angliae
             ;
             or
             whether
             those
             divided
             Names
             shall
             be
             for
             ever
             lost
             and
             taken
             away
             ,
             and
             turned
             into
             the
             sub-divisions
             of
             South-Britain
             and
             North-Britain
             ,
             and
             the
             People
             to
             be
             South-Britains
             and
             North-Britains
             ;
             And
             so
             in
             the
             example
             foresaid
             ,
             the
             Tenour
             of
             the
             like
             clause
             to
             run
             ,
             
               Secundum
               consuetudinem
            
             Britanniae
             Australis
             .
          
           
             Also
             ,
             if
             the
             former
             of
             these
             shall
             be
             thought
             convenient
             ,
             whether
             it
             were
             not
             better
             for
             your
             Majesty
             ,
             to
             take
             that
             Alteration
             of
             Stile
             upon
             you
             by
             Proclamation
             ,
             as
             Edward
             the
             third
             did
             the
             Stile
             of
             France
             ,
             then
             to
             have
             it
             enacted
             by
             Parliament
             ?
          
           
             Also
             ,
             in
             the
             alteration
             of
             the
             Stile
             ,
             whether
             it
             were
             not
             better
             to
             transpose
             the
             Kingdom
             of
             Ireland
             ,
             and
             put
             it
             immediately
             after
             Britain
             ,
             and
             so
             place
             the
             Islands
             together
             ;
             and
             the
             Kingdom
             of
             France
             ,
             being
             upon
             the
             Continent
             ,
             last
             ?
             In
             regard
             these
             Islands
             of
             the
             Western
             Ocean
             seem
             ,
             by
             Nature
             and
             Providence
             ,
             an
             entire
             Empire
             in
             themselves
             ;
             and
             also
             ,
             that
             there
             was
             never
             King
             of
             England
             so
             entirely
             possest
             of
             Ireland
             as
             your
             Majesty
             is
             :
             So
             as
             your
             Stile
             to
             run
             ,
             King
             of
             
               Britain
               ,
               Ireland
            
             ,
             and
             the
             
               Islands
               adjacent
            
             ,
             and
             of
             France
             ,
             &c.
             
          
           
           
             The
             difficulties
             in
             this
             have
             been
             already
             throughly
             beaten
             over
             ,
             but
             they
             gather
             but
             to
             two
             Heads
             .
          
           
             The
             one
             ,
             point
             of
             Honour
             ,
             and
             love
             to
             the
             former
             Names
             .
          
           
             The
             other
             ,
             Doubt
             ;
             left
             the
             alteration
             of
             the
             Name
             may
             induce
             and
             involve
             an
             alteration
             of
             the
             Laws
             and
             Policies
             of
             the
             Kingdom
             :
             Both
             which
             ,
             if
             your
             Majesty
             shall
             assume
             the
             Stile
             by
             Proclamation
             ,
             and
             not
             by
             Parliament
             ,
             are
             in
             themselves
             satisfied
             :
             For
             then
             the
             usual
             Names
             must
             needs
             remain
             in
             Writs
             and
             Records
             ;
             the
             Forms
             whereof
             cannot
             be
             altered
             ,
             but
             by
             Act
             of
             Parliament
             ,
             and
             so
             the
             point
             of
             Honour
             satisfied
             .
             And
             again
             ,
             your
             Proclamation
             altereth
             no
             Law
             ;
             and
             so
             the
             scruple
             of
             a
             tacite
             or
             implyed
             alteration
             of
             Laws
             likewise
             satisfied
             .
             But
             then
             ,
             it
             may
             be
             considered
             ,
             whether
             it
             were
             not
             a
             Form
             of
             the
             greatest
             Honour
             ,
             if
             the
             Parliament
             ,
             though
             they
             did
             not
             enact
             it
             ,
             yet
             should
             become
             Suiters
             and
             Petitioners
             to
             your
             Majesty
             to
             assume
             it
             ?
          
           
             
             For
             the
             Seals
             ,
             That
             there
             should
             be
             but
             one
             Great
             Seal
             of
             Britain
             ,
             and
             one
             Chancellor
             ;
             and
             that
             there
             should
             only
             be
             a
             Seal
             in
             Scotland
             for
             Processes
             and
             ordinary
             Justice
             ;
             And
             that
             all
             Patents
             of
             Grants
             of
             Lands
             or
             otherwise
             ,
             as
             well
             in
             Scotland
             as
             in
             England
             ,
             should
             pass
             under
             the
             Great
             Seal
             here
             ,
             kept
             about
             your
             Person
             :
             It
             is
             alteration
             Internal
             whereof
             I
             do
             not
             now
             speak
             .
          
           
             But
             the
             Question
             in
             this
             place
             is
             ,
             whether
             the
             Great
             Seals
             of
             England
             and
             Scotland
             should
             not
             be
             changed
             into
             one
             and
             the
             same
             form
             of
             Image
             and
             Superscription
             of
             Britain
             ?
             which
             nevertheless
             is
             requisite
             should
             be
             ,
             with
             some
             one
             plain
             or
             manifest
             alteration
             ,
             lest
             there
             be
             a
             Buz
             ,
             and
             suspect
             that
             Grants
             of
             things
             in
             England
             may
             be
             passed
             by
             the
             Seal
             of
             Scotland
             ;
             Or
             
               è
               converso
            
             .
          
           
             Also
             ,
             whether
             this
             alteration
             of
             Form
             may
             not
             be
             done
             without
             Act
             of
             Parliament
             ,
             as
             the
             Great
             Seals
             have
             used
             to
             be
             heretofore
             changed
             ,
             as
             to
             their
             Impressions
             ?
          
           
           
             
             For
             the
             Moneys
             ,
             as
             to
             the
             Real
             and
             internal
             consideration
             thereof
             ,
             the
             question
             will
             be
             ,
             Whether
             your
             Majesty
             should
             not
             continue
             two
             Mints
             ?
             which
             (
             the
             distance
             of
             Territory
             considered
             )
             I
             suppose
             ,
             will
             be
             of
             necessity
             .
          
           
             Secondly
             ,
             how
             the
             Standards
             (
             if
             it
             be
             not
             already
             done
             ,
             as
             I
             hear
             some
             doubt
             made
             of
             it
             in
             popular
             rumour
             )
             may
             be
             reduced
             into
             an
             exact
             proportion
             for
             the
             time
             to
             come
             ;
             and
             likewise
             the
             computation
             ,
             tale
             ,
             or
             valuation
             to
             be
             made
             exact
             ,
             for
             the
             Moneys
             already
             beaten
             ?
          
           
             That
             done
             ,
             the
             last
             Question
             is
             ,
             (
             which
             is
             only
             proper
             to
             this
             place
             )
             whether
             the
             Stamp
             ,
             or
             the
             Image
             and
             Superscription
             of
             Britain
             ,
             for
             the
             time
             forwards
             ,
             should
             not
             be
             made
             the
             self
             same
             in
             both
             places
             ,
             without
             any
             difference
             at
             all
             ?
             A
             matter
             also
             which
             may
             be
             done
             ,
             as
             our
             Law
             is
             ,
             by
             your
             Majesties
             Prerogative
             ,
             without
             Act
             of
             Parliament
             .
          
           
             These
             points
             are
             points
             of
             Demonstration
             ,
             
               ad
               faciendum
               Populum
            
             ;
             But
             so
             much
             the
             more
             they
             go
             to
             the
             root
             of
             your
             Majesties
             intention
             ,
             which
             is
             to
             imprint
             and
             inculcate
             into
             the
             Hearts
             and
             Heads
             of
             the
             People
             ,
             that
             they
             are
             one
             People
             and
             one
             Nation
             .
          
           
             In
             this
             kind
             also
             ,
             I
             have
             heard
             it
             pass
             abroad
             in
             speech
             ,
             of
             the
             erection
             of
             some
             new
             Order
             of
             Knighthood
             ,
             with
             a
             Reference
             to
             the
             Union
             ,
             and
             an
             Oath
             appropriat
             thereunto
             ;
             which
             is
             a
             point
             likewise
             deserveth
             a
             Consideration
             .
             So
             much
             for
             the
             External
             Points
             .
          
           
             
             The
             Internal
             Prints
             of
             Separation
             ,
             are
             as
             followeth
             .
          
           
             1.
             
             Several
             Parliaments
             .
          
           
             2.
             
             Several
             Councils
             of
             Estate
             .
          
           
             3.
             
             Several
             Officers
             of
             the
             Crown
             .
          
           
             4.
             
             Several
             Nobilities
             .
          
           
           
             5.
             
             Several
             Laws
             .
          
           
             6.
             
             Several
             Courts
             of
             Justice
             ,
             Trials
             and
             Processes
             .
          
           
             7.
             
             Several
             Receipts
             and
             Finances
             .
          
           
             8.
             
             Several
             Admiralties
             and
             Merchandizings
             .
          
           
             9.
             
             Several
             Freedoms
             and
             Liberties
             ,
          
           
             10.
             
             Several
             Taxes
             and
             Imposts
             .
          
           
             As
             touching
             the
             several
             States
             Ecclesiastical
             ,
             and
             the
             several
             Mints
             and
             Standards
             ,
             and
             the
             several
             Articles
             and
             Treaties
             of
             Intercourse
             with
             Forraign
             Nations
             ,
             I
             touched
             them
             before
             .
          
           
             In
             these
             points
             ,
             of
             the
             straight
             and
             more
             inward
             Union
             ,
             there
             will
             interveen
             one
             principal
             difficulty
             and
             impediment
             ,
             growing
             from
             that
             root
             ,
             which
             Aristotle
             in
             his
             Politicks
             ,
             maketh
             to
             be
             the
             root
             of
             all
             division
             and
             diffention
             in
             Common-wealths
             ;
             And
             that
             is
             ,
             Equality
             and
             Inequality
             .
             For
             the
             Realm
             of
             Scotland
             is
             now
             an
             Ancient
             and
             Noble
             Realm
             ,
             substantive
             of
             it self
             :
             But
             ,
             when
             this
             Island
             shall
             be
             made
             Britain
             ,
             then
             Scotland
             is
             no
             more
             to
             be
             considered
             as
             Scotland
             ,
             but
             as
             a
             part
             of
             Britain
             ;
             no
             more
             then
             England
             is
             to
             be
             considered
             as
             England
             ,
             but
             as
             a
             part
             likewise
             of
             Britain
             :
             And
             consequently
             ,
             neither
             of
             these
             are
             to
             be
             considered
             as
             things
             entire
             in
             themselves
             ,
             but
             in
             the
             proportion
             that
             they
             bear
             to
             the
             whole
             .
             And
             therefore
             ,
             let
             us
             imagine
             (
             
               Nam
               id
               Mente
               possumus
               ,
               quod
               Actu
               non
               possumus
            
             )
             that
             Britain
             had
             never
             been
             divided
             ,
             but
             had
             ever
             been
             one
             Kingdom
             ;
             then
             that
             part
             of
             Soil
             or
             Territory
             ,
             which
             is
             comprehended
             under
             the
             name
             of
             Scotland
             ,
             is
             in
             quantity
             (
             as
             I
             have
             heard
             it
             esteemed
             ,
             how
             true
             I
             know
             not
             )
             not
             past
             a
             third
             part
             of
             Britain
             ;
             And
             that
             part
             of
             Soil
             or
             Territory
             which
             is
             comprehended
             under
             the
             name
             of
             England
             ,
             is
             two
             parts
             of
             Britain
             ;
             leaving
             to
             speak
             of
             any
             difference
             of
             Wealth
             or
             Population
             ,
             and
             speaking
             only
             of
             Quantity
             .
             So
             then
             ,
             if
             for
             example
             ,
             Scotland
             should
             bring
             to
             Parliament
             as
             much
             
             Nobility
             as
             England
             ,
             then
             a
             third
             part
             should
             countervail
             two
             parts
             ,
             
               Nam
               si
               inaequalibus
               aequalia
               addas
               ,
               omnia
               erunt
               inaequalia
               .
            
             And
             this
             ,
             I
             protest
             before
             God
             and
             your
             Majesty
             ,
             I
             do
             speak
             ,
             not
             as
             a
             man
             born
             in
             England
             ,
             but
             as
             a
             man
             born
             in
             Britain
             .
             And
             therefore
             ,
             to
             descend
             to
             particulars
             .
          
           
             
               1.
               
               Parliament
               .
            
             
               For
               the
               Parliaments
               ,
               the
               consideration
               of
               that
               Point
               will
               fall
               into
               four
               Questions
               .
            
             
               1.
               
               The
               first
               ,
               what
               proportion
               shall
               be
               kept
               between
               the
               Votes
               of
               England
               ,
               and
               the
               Votes
               of
               Scotland
               .
            
             
               2.
               
               The
               second
               ,
               touching
               the
               manner
               of
               Proposition
               ,
               or
               possessing
               of
               the
               Parliament
               of
               Causes
               there
               to
               be
               handled
               ,
               which
               in
               England
               is
               used
               to
               be
               done
               immediately
               by
               any
               Member
               of
               the
               Parliament
               ,
               or
               by
               the
               Prolocutor
               ;
               and
               in
               Scotland
               is
               used
               to
               be
               done
               immediately
               by
               the
               Lords
               of
               the
               Articles
               ;
               whereof
               the
               one
               form
               seemeth
               to
               have
               more
               Liberty
               ,
               and
               the
               other
               more
               Gravity
               and
               Maturity
               :
               And
               therefore
               ,
               the
               Question
               will
               be
               ,
               whether
               of
               these
               shall
               yield
               to
               other
               ?
               Or
               ,
               whether
               there
               should
               not
               be
               a
               mixture
               of
               both
               by
               some
               Commissions
               ,
               precedent
               to
               every
               Parliament
               ,
               in
               the
               nature
               of
               Lords
               of
               the
               Articles
               ;
               and
               yet
               ,
               not
               excluding
               the
               Liberty
               of
               propounding
               in
               full
               Parliament
               afterwards
               ?
            
             
               3.
               
               The
               third
               ,
               touching
               the
               Orders
               of
               Parliament
               ,
               how
               they
               may
               be
               compounded
               ,
               and
               the
               best
               of
               either
               taken
               .
            
             
               4.
               
               The
               fourth
               ,
               how
               those
               ,
               which
               by
               inheritance
               or
               otherwise
               ,
               have
               Offices
               of
               Honour
               and
               Ceremony
               in
               both
               the
               Parliaments
               ,
               as
               the
               Lord
               Steward
               with
               us
               ,
               &c.
               may
               be
               satisfied
               ,
               and
               duplicitly
               accommodated
               ?
            
          
           
             
               2.
               
               Councils
               of
               Estate
               .
            
             
               For
               the
               Councils
               of
               Estate
               ,
               while
               the
               Kingdoms
               stand
               divided
               ,
               it
               should
               seem
               necessary
               to
               continue
               several
               Councils
               ;
               But
               if
               your
               Majesty
               should
               proceed
               to
               a
               strict
               Union
               then
               ,
               howsoever
               your
               Majesty
               may
               establish
               some
               Provincial
               Councils
               in
               Scotland
               ,
               
               as
               there
               is
               here
               of
               York
               ,
               and
               in
               the
               Marches
               of
               Wales
               ;
               Yet
               the
               Question
               will
               be
               ,
               whether
               it
               will
               not
               be
               more
               convenient
               for
               your
               Majesty
               ,
               to
               have
               but
               one
               Privy
               Council
               about
               your
               Person
               ;
               whereof
               the
               principal
               Officers
               of
               the
               Crown
               of
               Scotland
               to
               be
               ,
               for
               Dignity
               sake
               ,
               howsoever
               their
               abiding
               and
               remaining
               may
               be
               as
               your
               Majesty
               shall
               imploy
               their
               Service
               ?
               But
               this
               point
               belongeth
               meerly
               and
               wholly
               to
               your
               Majesties
               Royal
               Will
               and
               Pleasure
               .
            
          
           
             
               3.
               
               Officers
               of
               the
               Crown
               .
            
             
               For
               the
               Officers
               of
               the
               Crown
               ,
               the
               consideration
               thereof
               will
               fall
               into
               these
               Questions
               .
            
             
               First
               ,
               in
               regard
               of
               the
               latitude
               of
               your
               Kingdom
               ,
               and
               the
               distance
               of
               place
               ,
               whether
               it
               will
               not
               be
               matter
               of
               necessity
               to
               continue
               the
               several
               Officers
               ,
               because
               of
               the
               impossibility
               for
               the
               Service
               to
               be
               performed
               by
               one
               ?
            
             
               The
               second
               ,
               admitting
               the
               duplicity
               of
               Officers
               should
               be
               continued
               ,
               yet
               whether
               there
               should
               not
               be
               a
               difference
               ,
               that
               one
               should
               be
               the
               principal
               Officer
               ,
               and
               the
               other
               to
               be
               but
               special
               and
               subalterne
               ?
               As
               for
               example
               ,
               one
               to
               be
               Chancellor
               of
               Britain
               ,
               and
               the
               other
               to
               be
               Chancellor
               ,
               with
               some
               special
               addition
               ;
               As
               here
               of
               the
               Dutchy
               ,
               &c.
               
            
             
               The
               third
               ,
               if
               no
               such
               specialty
               or
               inferiority
               be
               thought
               fit
               ,
               then
               whether
               both
               Officers
               should
               not
               have
               the
               Title
               and
               the
               Name
               of
               the
               whole
               Island
               and
               Precincts
               ?
               As
               the
               
                 Lord
                 Chancellor
                 of
                 England
              
               ,
               to
               be
               
                 Lord
                 Chancellor
                 of
                 Britain
              
               ,
               and
               the
               
                 Lord
                 Chancellor
                 of
                 Scotland
              
               ,
               to
               be
               
                 Lord
                 Chancellor
                 of
                 Britain
              
               ;
               But
               with
               several
               Proviso's
               ,
               that
               they
               shall
               not
               intromit
               themselves
               ,
               but
               within
               their
               several
               Precincts
               .
            
          
           
             
               4.
               
               Nobilities
               .
            
             
               For
               the
               Nobilities
               ,
               the
               consideration
               thereof
               will
               fall
               into
               these
               Questions
               .
            
             
               The
               first
               ,
               of
               their
               Votes
               in
               Parliament
               (
               which
               was
               touched
               before
               )
               what
               proportion
               they
               shall
               bear
               to
               the
               Nobility
               of
               England
               ?
               Wherein
               ,
               if
               the
               proportion
               which
               shall
               be
               thought
               fit
               be
               not
               full
               ,
               yet
               your
               Majesty
               may
               ,
               out
               of
               your
               Prerogative
               ,
               supply
               it
               :
               For
               ,
               although
               you
               cannot
               
               make
               fewer
               of
               Scotland
               ,
               yet
               you
               may
               make
               more
               of
               England
               .
            
             
               The
               second
               is
               ,
               touching
               the
               Place
               and
               Precedence
               ;
               wherein
               ,
               to
               marshal
               them
               according
               to
               the
               Precedence
               of
               England
               in
               your
               Majesties
               Stile
               ,
               and
               according
               to
               the
               Nobility
               of
               Ireland
               ,
               that
               is
               ,
               all
               English
               Earls
               first
               ,
               and
               then
               Scots
               ,
               will
               be
               thought
               unequal
               for
               Scotland
               :
               To
               marshal
               them
               according
               to
               Antiquity
               ,
               will
               be
               thought
               unequal
               for
               England
               ,
               because
               ,
               I
               hear
               their
               Nobility
               is
               generally
               more
               ancient
               :
               And
               therefore
               ,
               the
               Question
               will
               be
               ,
               whether
               the
               indifferentest
               way
               were
               not
               ,
               to
               take
               them
               interchangeably
               ;
               As
               for
               example
               ,
               first
               the
               ancient
               Earl
               of
               England
               ,
               and
               then
               the
               ancient
               Earl
               of
               Scotland
               :
               And
               so
               
                 Alternis
                 vicibus
              
               .
            
          
           
             
               5.
               
               Laws
               .
            
             
               For
               the
               Laws
               ,
               to
               make
               an
               entire
               and
               perfect
               Union
               ,
               it
               is
               a
               matter
               of
               great
               difficulty
               and
               length
               ,
               both
               in
               the
               collecting
               of
               them
               ,
               and
               in
               the
               passing
               of
               them
               .
               For
               ,
               first
               ,
               as
               to
               the
               collecting
               of
               them
               ,
               there
               must
               be
               made
               by
               the
               Lawyers
               of
               either
               Nation
               ,
               a
               Disgest
               ,
               under
               Titles
               ,
               of
               their
               several
               Laws
               and
               Customs
               ,
               as
               well
               Common
               Laws
               ,
               as
               Statutes
               ;
               that
               they
               may
               be
               collated
               and
               compared
               ,
               and
               that
               the
               diversities
               may
               appear
               and
               be
               discerned
               of
               .
               And
               for
               the
               passing
               of
               them
               ,
               we
               see
               by
               experience
               ,
               that
               
                 Patrius
                 Mos
              
               ,
               is
               dear
               to
               all
               men
               ,
               and
               that
               men
               are
               bred
               and
               nourished
               up
               in
               the
               love
               of
               it
               ;
               and
               therefore
               ,
               how
               harsh
               Changes
               and
               Innovations
               are
               .
               And
               we
               see
               likewise
               ,
               what
               Disputation
               and
               Argument
               the
               alteration
               of
               some
               one
               Law
               doth
               cause
               and
               bring
               forth
               ;
               How
               much
               more
               the
               alteration
               of
               the
               whole
               Corps
               of
               the
               Law
               ?
               Therefore
               ,
               the
               first
               Question
               will
               be
               ,
               whether
               it
               be
               not
               good
               to
               proceed
               by
               parts
               ,
               and
               to
               take
               that
               that
               is
               most
               necessary
               ,
               and
               leave
               the
               rest
               to
               time
               ?
               The
               parts
               therefore
               ,
               or
               subject
               of
               Laws
               ,
               are
               for
               this
               purpose
               ,
               fitliest
               distributed
               ,
               according
               to
               that
               ordinary
               didivision
               of
               Criminal
               and
               Civil
               ;
               and
               those
               of
               Criminal
               Causes
               ,
               into
               Capital
               and
               Penal
               .
            
             
             
               The
               second
               Question
               therefore
               is
               ,
               Allowing
               the
               general
               Union
               of
               Laws
               to
               be
               too
               great
               a
               Work
               to
               embrace
               ,
               whether
               it
               were
               not
               convenient
               ,
               that
               Cases
               Capital
               were
               the
               same
               in
               both
               Nations
               ?
               I
               say
               the
               Cases
               ,
               I
               do
               not
               speak
               of
               the
               Proceedings
               or
               Trials
               ;
               That
               is
               to
               say
               ,
               whether
               the
               same
               Offences
               were
               not
               fit
               to
               be
               made
               Treason
               or
               Fellony
               in
               both
               places
               ?
            
             
               The
               third
               Question
               is
               ,
               whether
               Cases
               Penal
               ,
               though
               not
               Capital
               ,
               yet
               if
               they
               concern
               the
               Publick
               State
               ,
               or
               otherwise
               the
               discipline
               of
               Manners
               ,
               were
               not
               fit
               likewise
               to
               be
               brought
               into
               one
               degree
               ?
               As
               the
               case
               of
               Misprision
               of
               Treason
               ,
               the
               Case
               of
               Premunire
               ,
               the
               Case
               of
               Fugitives
               ,
               the
               Case
               of
               Incest
               ,
               the
               Case
               of
               Simony
               and
               the
               rest
               .
            
             
               But
               the
               Question
               ,
               that
               is
               more
               urgent
               then
               any
               of
               these
               ,
               is
               ,
               Whether
               these
               Cases
               ,
               at
               the
               least
               ,
               be
               they
               of
               an
               higher
               or
               inferiour
               degree
               ,
               wherein
               the
               Fact
               committed
               or
               Act
               done
               in
               Scotland
               ,
               may
               prejudice
               the
               State
               and
               Subjects
               of
               England
               ,
               or
               
                 è
                 converso
              
               ;
               are
               not
               to
               be
               reduced
               to
               one
               uniformity
               of
               Law
               and
               Punishment
               ?
               As
               for
               example
               ,
               a
               Perjury
               committed
               in
               a
               Court
               of
               Justice
               in
               Scotland
               ,
               cannot
               be
               prejudicial
               in
               England
               ,
               because
               Depositions
               taken
               in
               Scotland
               ,
               cannot
               be
               produced
               and
               used
               here
               in
               England
               .
               But
               a
               Forgery
               of
               a
               Deed
               in
               Scotland
               ,
               I
               mean
               with
               a
               false
               date
               of
               England
               ,
               may
               be
               used
               and
               given
               in
               evidence
               in
               England
               .
               So
               likewise
               ,
               the
               depopulating
               of
               a
               Town
               in
               Scotland
               ,
               doth
               not
               directly
               prejudice
               the
               State
               of
               England
               :
               But
               if
               an
               English
               Merchant
               shall
               carry
               Silver
               and
               Gold
               into
               Scotland
               ,
               (
               as
               he
               may
               )
               and
               thence
               transport
               it
               into
               Forraign
               Parts
               ,
               this
               prejudiceth
               the
               State
               of
               England
               ,
               and
               may
               be
               an
               evasion
               to
               all
               the
               Laws
               of
               England
               ordained
               in
               that
               case
               :
               and
               therefore
               ,
               had
               need
               to
               be
               bridled
               with
               as
               severe
               a
               Law
               in
               Scotland
               ,
               as
               it
               is
               here
               in
               England
               .
            
             
             
               Of
               this
               kind
               ,
               there
               are
               many
               Laws
               .
            
             
               The
               Law
               of
               the
               50.
               of
               Rich.
               the
               2.
               of
               going
               over
               without
               Licence
               ,
               if
               there
               be
               not
               the
               like
               Law
               in
               Scotland
               ,
               will
               be
               frustrated
               and
               evaded
               :
               For
               any
               Subject
               of
               England
               ,
               may
               go
               first
               into
               Scotland
               ,
               and
               thence
               into
               Forraign
               parts
               .
            
             
               So
               the
               Laws
               prohibiting
               transportation
               of
               sundry
               Commodities
               ,
               as
               Gold
               and
               Silver
               ,
               Ordnance
               ,
               Artillery
               ,
               Corn
               ,
               &
               c.
               if
               there
               be
               not
               a
               correspondence
               of
               Laws
               in
               Scotland
               ,
               will
               in
               like
               manner
               be
               deluded
               and
               frustrate
               :
               For
               any
               English
               Merchant
               or
               Subject
               may
               carry
               such
               Commodities
               first
               into
               Scotland
               ,
               as
               well
               as
               he
               may
               carry
               them
               from
               Port
               to
               Port
               in
               England
               ;
               And
               out
               of
               Scotland
               to
               Forraign
               parts
               ,
               without
               any
               peril
               of
               Law.
               
            
             
               So
               Libels
               may
               be
               devised
               and
               written
               in
               Scotland
               ,
               and
               published
               and
               scattered
               in
               England
               .
            
             
               Treasons
               may
               be
               plotted
               in
               Scotland
               ,
               and
               executed
               in
               England
               .
            
             
               And
               so
               in
               many
               other
               cases
               ,
               if
               there
               be
               not
               the
               like
               severity
               of
               Law
               in
               Scotland
               ,
               to
               restrain
               offences
               ,
               that
               there
               is
               in
               England
               (
               whereof
               we
               are
               here
               ignorant
               ,
               whether
               there
               be
               or
               no
               )
               it
               will
               be
               a
               gap
               or
               stop
               ,
               even
               for
               English
               Subjects
               ,
               to
               escape
               and
               avoid
               the
               Laws
               of
               England
               .
            
             
               But
               for
               Treasons
               ,
               the
               best
               is
               ,
               that
               by
               the
               Statute
               of
               26.
               
               King
               Hen.
               the
               8
               
                 th
                 .
                 Cap.
              
               13.
               any
               Treason
               committed
               in
               Scotland
               ,
               may
               be
               proceeded
               with
               in
               England
               ,
               as
               well
               as
               Treasons
               committed
               in
               
                 France
                 ,
                 Rome
              
               ,
               or
               elsewhere
               .
            
          
           
             
               6.
               
               Courts
               of
               Justice
               ,
               and
               Administration
               of
               Laws
               .
            
             
               For
               Courts
               of
               Justice
               ,
               Trials
               ,
               Processes
               ,
               and
               other
               Administration
               of
               Laws
               ,
               to
               make
               any
               alteration
               in
               either
               Nation
               ,
               it
               will
               be
               a
               thing
               so
               new
               and
               unwonted
               to
               either
               People
               ,
               that
               it
               may
               be
               doubted
               ,
               it
               will
               make
               the
               Administration
               of
               Justice
               (
               which
               of
               all
               other
               things
               ,
               ought
               to
               be
               known
               and
               certain
               ,
               
               as
               a
               beaten
               way
               )
               to
               become
               intricate
               and
               uncertain
               :
               And
               besides
               ,
               I
               do
               not
               see
               that
               the
               severalty
               of
               Administration
               of
               Justice
               ,
               though
               it
               be
               by
               Court
               Soveraign
               of
               last
               resort
               ,
               (
               I
               mean
               ,
               without
               appeal
               or
               errour
               )
               is
               any
               impediment
               at
               all
               to
               the
               Union
               of
               a
               Kingdom
               :
               As
               we
               see
               by
               experience
               ,
               in
               the
               several
               Courts
               of
               Parliament
               in
               the
               Kingdom
               of
               France
               .
               And
               I
               have
               been
               alwayes
               of
               opinion
               ,
               that
               the
               Subjects
               of
               England
               do
               already
               fetch
               Justice
               somewhat
               far
               off
               ,
               more
               then
               in
               any
               Nation
               that
               I
               know
               ,
               the
               largeness
               of
               the
               Kingdom
               considered
               ,
               though
               it
               be
               holpen
               in
               some
               part
               ,
               by
               the
               Circuits
               of
               the
               Judges
               ,
               and
               the
               two
               Councils
               at
               York
               ,
               and
               in
               the
               Marches
               of
               Wales
               established
               .
            
             
               But
               it
               may
               be
               a
               good
               Question
               ,
               whether
               as
               
                 commune
                 vinculum
              
               ,
               of
               the
               Justice
               of
               both
               Nations
               ,
               your
               Majesty
               should
               not
               erect
               some
               Court
               about
               your
               Person
               ,
               in
               the
               nature
               of
               the
               Grand
               Council
               of
               France
               ;
               To
               which
               Court
               you
               might
               ,
               by
               way
               of
               evocation
               ,
               draw
               Causes
               from
               the
               ordinary
               Judges
               of
               both
               Nations
               ;
               For
               so
               doth
               the
               French
               King
               from
               all
               the
               Courts
               of
               Parliament
               in
               France
               ;
               many
               of
               which
               are
               more
               remote
               from
               Paris
               ,
               then
               any
               part
               of
               Scotland
               is
               from
               London
               .
            
          
           
             
               7.
               
               Receipts
               ,
               Finances
               ,
               and
               Patrimonies
               of
               the
               Crown
               .
            
             
               For
               Receipts
               and
               Finances
               ,
               I
               see
               no
               Question
               will
               arise
               ;
               in
               regard
               it
               will
               be
               matter
               of
               necessity
               ,
               to
               establish
               in
               Scotland
               a
               Receipt
               of
               Treasure
               ,
               for
               Payments
               and
               Erogations
               to
               be
               made
               in
               those
               parts
               :
               And
               for
               the
               Treasure
               of
               Spare
               ,
               in
               either
               Receipts
               ,
               the
               custodies
               thereof
               may
               well
               be
               several
               ;
               considering
               ,
               by
               your
               Majesties
               Commandment
               ,
               they
               may
               be
               at
               all
               times
               removed
               or
               disposed
               ,
               according
               to
               your
               Majesties
               occasions
               .
            
             
               For
               the
               Patrimonies
               of
               both
               Crowns
               ,
               I
               see
               no
               Question
               will
               arise
               ;
               except
               your
               Majesty
               would
               be
               pleased
               to
               make
               one
               compounded
               Annexation
               for
               an
               inseparable
               Patrimony
               to
               the
               Crown
               ,
               out
               of
               the
               Lands
               of
               both
               Nations
               ;
               And
               so
               
               the
               like
               for
               the
               Principality
               of
               Britain
               ,
               and
               for
               other
               Appen●ages
               ,
               of
               the
               rest
               of
               your
               Children
               ;
               Erecting
               likewise
               such
               Dutchies
               and
               Honours
               ,
               compounded
               of
               the
               Possessions
               of
               both
               Nations
               ,
               as
               shall
               be
               thought
               fit
               .
            
          
           
             
               8.
               
               Admiralty
               ,
               Navy
               and
               Merchandizing
               .
            
             
               For
               Admiralty
               or
               Navy
               ,
               I
               see
               no
               great
               question
               will
               arise
               ;
               For
               I
               see
               no
               inconvenience
               your
               Majesty
               to
               continue
               Shipping
               in
               Scotland
               .
               And
               for
               the
               Jurisdictions
               of
               the
               Admiralties
               ,
               and
               the
               Profits
               and
               Casualties
               of
               them
               ,
               they
               will
               be
               respective
               unto
               the
               Coasts
               over
               against
               which
               the
               Seas
               lye
               and
               are
               situated
               ,
               As
               it
               is
               here
               with
               the
               Admiralties
               of
               England
               .
            
             
               And
               for
               Merchandizing
               ,
               it
               may
               be
               a
               question
               ,
               whether
               that
               the
               Companies
               of
               the
               Merchant-Adventurers
               of
               the
               Turky
               Merchants
               and
               the
               Muscovy
               Merchants
               (
               if
               they
               shall
               be
               continued
               )
               should
               not
               be
               compounded
               of
               Merchants
               of
               both
               Nations
               ,
               English
               and
               Scots
               ?
               For
               ,
               to
               leave
               Trade
               free
               in
               the
               one
               Nation
               ,
               and
               to
               have
               it
               restrained
               in
               the
               other
               ,
               may
               ,
               per-case
               ,
               breed
               some
               inconvenience
               .
            
          
           
             
               9.
               
               Freedoms
               and
               Liberties
               .
            
             
               For
               Freedoms
               and
               Liberties
               ,
               the
               Charter
               of
               both
               Nations
               may
               be
               reviewed
               ;
               And
               of
               such
               Liberties
               as
               are
               agreeable
               and
               convenient
               for
               the
               Subjects
               and
               People
               of
               both
               Nations
               ,
               one
               Great
               Charter
               may
               be
               made
               and
               confirmed
               to
               the
               Subjects
               of
               Britain
               ;
               And
               those
               Liberties
               which
               are
               peculiar
               or
               proper
               to
               either
               Nation
               ,
               to
               stand
               in
               State
               as
               they
               do
               .
            
          
           
             
               10.
               
               Taxes
               and
               Imposts
               .
            
             
               But
               for
               Imposts
               and
               Customs
               ,
               it
               will
               be
               a
               great
               Question
               how
               to
               accommodate
               them
               ,
               and
               reconcile
               them
               :
               For
               ,
               if
               they
               be
               much
               easier
               in
               Scotland
               then
               they
               be
               here
               in
               England
               ,
               (
               which
               is
               a
               thing
               I
               know
               not
               )
               then
               this
               inconvenience
               will
               follow
               ,
               That
               the
               Merchants
               of
               England
               may
               unlade
               in
               the
               Ports
               of
               Scotland
               ,
               and
               this
               Kingdom
               to
               be
               served
               from
               thence
               ,
               and
               your
               Majesties
               Customs
               abated
               .
            
             
             
               And
               for
               the
               Question
               ,
               whether
               the
               Scots
               Merchants
               should
               pay
               Strangers
               Custom
               in
               England
               ?
               That
               resteth
               upon
               the
               point
               of
               Naturalization
               ,
               which
               I
               touched
               before
               .
            
             
               Thus
               have
               I
               made
               your
               Majesty
               a
               brief
               and
               naked
               Memorial
               ,
               of
               the
               Articles
               and
               Points
               of
               this
               great
               Cause
               ;
               which
               may
               serve
               only
               to
               excite
               and
               stir
               up
               your
               Majesties
               Royal
               Judgement
               ,
               and
               the
               Judgements
               of
               wiser
               men
               ,
               whom
               you
               will
               be
               pleased
               to
               call
               to
               it
               :
               Wherein
               I
               will
               not
               presume
               to
               perswade
               ,
               or
               disswade
               any
               thing
               ,
               nor
               to
               interpose
               mine
               own
               opinion
               ;
               but
               expect
               light
               from
               your
               Majesties
               Royal
               Directions
               ,
               unto
               the
               which
               ,
               I
               shall
               ever
               submit
               my
               Judgement
               ,
               and
               apply
               my
               Travails
               .
               And
               I
               most
               humbly
               pray
               your
               Majesty
               ,
               in
               this
               which
               is
               done
               ,
               to
               pardon
               my
               errors
               ,
               and
               to
               cover
               them
               with
               my
               good
               intention
               and
               meaning
               ,
               and
               desire
               I
               have
               to
               do
               your
               Majesty
               service
               ,
               and
               to
               acquit
               the
               Trust
               that
               was
               reposed
               in
               me
               ;
               And
               chiefly
               ,
               in
               your
               Majesties
               benign
               and
               gracious
               Acceptation
               .
            
          
        
         
           FINIS
           .
        
      
    
     
       
         Notes, typically marginal, from the original text
         
           Notes for div A28517-e480
           
             Statutes
             concerning
             Scotland
             ,
             and
             the
             Scots
             Nation
             .
          
           
             Laws
             ,
             Customs
             ,
             Commissions
             ,
             Officers
             of
             the
             Borders
             or
             Marches
             .
          
           
             Further
             Union
             ,
             besides
             the
             removing
             of
             inconvenient
             and
             dissenting
             Laws
             and
             Usages
             .
          
           
             Points
             wherein
             the
             Nations
             stand
             already
             united
             .
          
           
             Soveraignty
             :
             Line-Royal
             .
          
           
             Subjection
             .
             Obedience
             .
          
           
             Alien
             .
             Naturalization
             .
          
           
             Religion
             ,
             Church
             .
             Government
             .
          
           
             Continent
             ,
             Borders
             .
          
           
             Language
             ,
             Dialect
             .
          
           
             Leagues
             ,
             Confederacies
             ,
             Treaties
             .
          
           
             External
             Points
             of
             the
             Separation
             and
             Union
             .
          
           
             The
             Ceremonial
             or
             Material
             Crown
             .
          
           
             The
             Stiles
             and
             Names
             .
          
           
             The
             Seals
             .
          
           
             The
             Standards
             and
             Stamps
             ,
             Moneys
             .
          
           
             Internal
             Points
             of
             Union
             .