An essay of the great effects of even languid and unheeded motion whereunto is annexed An experimental discourse of some little observed causes of the insalubrity and salubrity of the air and its effects / by the Honourable Robert Boyle ...
         Boyle, Robert, 1627-1691.
      
       
         
           1685
        
      
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             An essay of the great effects of even languid and unheeded motion whereunto is annexed An experimental discourse of some little observed causes of the insalubrity and salubrity of the air and its effects / by the Honourable Robert Boyle ...
             Boyle, Robert, 1627-1691.
          
           288 p. in various pagings.
           
             Printed by M. Flesher for Richard Davis ...,
             London :
             1685.
          
           
             "An experimental discourse of some unheeded causes of the insalubrity and salubrity of the air" has special t.p. and separate paging.
             Reproduction of original in the British Library.
          
        
      
    
     
       
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         eng
      
       
         
           Medical climatology -- Early works to 1800.
           Air.
        
      
    
     
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           AN
           ESSAY
           Of
           the
           Great
           EFFECTS
           OF
           Even
           Languid
           and
           Unheeded
           MOTION
           .
           Whereunto
           is
           Annexed
           An
           Experimental
           Discourse
           of
           some
           little
           observed
           Causes
           of
           the
           Insalubrity
           and
           Salubrity
           of
           the
           Air
           and
           its
           Effects
           .
        
         
           By
           the
           Honourable
           
             ROBERT
             BOYLE
          
           ,
           Fellow
           of
           the
           Royal
           Society
           .
        
         
           LONDON
           ,
           Printed
           by
           
             M.
             Flesher
          
           ,
           for
           
             Richard
             Davis
          
           ,
           Bookseller
           in
           Oxford
           .
           1685.
           
        
      
       
         
         
         
           ADVERTISEMENT
           OF
           THE
           Publisher
           .
        
         
           T
           IS
           thought
           fit
           the
           Reader
           should
           be
           inform'd
           ,
           That
           the
           insuing
           Tract
           (
           about
           the
           
             Effects
             of
             Languid
             Motions
          
           )
           was
           design'd
           to
           be
           a
           Part
           of
           the
           Authour's
           Notes
           about
           the
           
             Origine
             of
             Occult
             Qualities
          
           ,
           
           and
           should
           have
           come
           abroad
           together
           with
           the
           Papers
           about
           the
           
             Effluvia
             of
             Bodies
          
           (
           most
           of
           which
           are
           already
           publish'd
           .
           )
           And
           accordingly
           it
           was
           printed
           seven
           or
           eight
           years
           ago
           :
           which
           Circumstance
           is
           here
           mention'd
           ,
           to
           give
           a
           Reason
           why
           several
           Particulars
           were
           omitted
           in
           the
           Body
           of
           the
           Discourse
           ,
           that
           will
           be
           found
           annex'd
           to
           the
           End
           of
           it
           .
           For
           these
           occurring
           to
           the
           Authour
           whilst
           he
           cursorily
           read
           over
           the
           Tract
           it self
           ,
           when
           
           it
           was
           upon
           the
           point
           to
           be
           made
           publick
           ,
           't
           was
           thought
           fit
           rather
           to
           subjoin
           them
           by
           way
           of
           a
           short
           Appendix
           ,
           than
           to
           let
           any
           thing
           be
           lost
           that
           seem'd
           pertinent
           to
           so
           difficult
           and
           uncultivated
           a
           Subject
           ,
           as
           That
           they
           belong
           to
           .
           The
           Reader
           is
           farther
           to
           be
           advertis'd
           ,
           That
           of
           the
           
             Three
             Preliminary
             Discourses
          
           ,
           which
           the
           Authour
           intended
           for
           Introductory
           Ones
           to
           What
           he
           design'd
           to
           say
           more
           particularly
           about
           the
           
             Mechanical
             Origine
             or
          
           
           
             Production
             of
             Occult
             Qualities
             ,
             One
          
           was
           concerning
           the
           
             Relations
             betwixt
             the
             Pores
             of
             Bodies
             and
             the
             Figures
             of
             Corpuscles
             :
          
           but
           that
           the
           great
           Intrieacy
           and
           Difficulty
           He
           found
           in
           this
           copious
           Subject
           ,
           made
           Him
           consent
           ,
           That
           the
           
             Discourse
             of
             Local
             Motion
          
           ,
           which
           should
           have
           accompany'd
           it
           to
           the
           Press
           ,
           should
           be
           printed
           long
           before
           it
           .
           And
           those
           Papers
           about
           
             Pores
             and
             Figures
          
           having
           been
           for
           a
           great
           while
           out
           
           of
           the
           Authour's
           Power
           ,
           He
           now
           to
           gratify
           the
           Stationer
           with
           something
           that
           may
           in
           Their
           stead
           make
           up
           the
           formerly
           printed
           Essay
           a
           Book
           of
           a
           convenient
           Bulk
           ,
           has
           put
           into
           his
           Hands
           what
           now
           comes
           forth
           ,
           about
           
             some
             Unheeded
             Causes
             of
             the
             Healthfulness
             and
             Insalubrity
             of
             the
             Air
             :
          
           which
           being
           chiefly
           attributed
           to
           
             Subterraneal
             Steams
             ,
             Subtile
          
           and
           for
           the
           most
           part
           Invisible
           ,
           are
           as
           near
           of
           kin
           to
           the
           other
           Effluviums
           treated
           of
           in
           the
           Introductory
           
           Discourse
           ,
           as
           is
           requisite
           to
           keep
           the
           mention
           that
           is
           made
           of
           them
           in
           this
           Book
           ,
           from
           appearing
           very
           incongruous
           .
        
      
    
     
       
         
           
             
             AN
             ESSAY
             Of
             the
             Great
             EFFECTS
             Of
             Even
             Languid
             and
             
               Vnheeded
               LOCAL
               MOTION
            
             .
          
           
             
               CHAP.
               I.
               
            
             
               HOW
               superficially
               soever
               the
               
                 Local
                 Motion
              
               of
               Bodies
               is
               wont
               to
               be
               treated
               of
               by
               the
               Schools
               ,
               who
               admit
               of
               divers
               other
               Motions
               ,
               and
               ascribe
               almost
               all
               strange
               things
               in
               Physicks
               to
               
                 Substantial
                 Forms
              
               and
               
                 Real
                 Qualities
              
               ;
               yet
               it
               will
               become
               Us
               ,
               who
               endeavour
               to
               resolve
               the
               Phaenomena
               of
               Nature
               into
               Matter
               
               and
               Local
               motion
               ,
               (
               guided
               ,
               at
               the
               beginning
               of
               things
               ,
               immediately
               ,
               and
               since
               regulated
               ,
               according
               to
               settled
               Laws
               ,
               by
               the
               Great
               and
               Wise
               Author
               of
               the
               Universe
               ,
               )
               to
               take
               a
               heedfull
               notice
               of
               its
               kinds
               and
               operations
               ,
               as
               the
               true
               Causes
               of
               many
               abstruse
               Effects
               .
               And
               though
               the
               industry
               of
               divers
               late
               Mathematicians
               and
               Philosophers
               have
               been
               very
               laudably
               and
               happily
               exercised
               on
               the
               nature
               and
               general
               Laws
               of
               this
               Motion
               ;
               yet
               I
               look
               upon
               the
               Subject
               in
               its
               full
               extent
               to
               be
               of
               such
               importance
               ,
               and
               so
               comprehensive
               ,
               that
               it
               can
               never
               be
               too
               much
               cultivated
               ,
               and
               that
               it
               comprises
               some
               parts
               that
               are
               yet
               scarce
               cultivated
               at
               all
               .
               And
               therefore
               I
               am
               not
               sorry
               to
               find
               my self
               obliged
               ,
               by
               the
               design
               of
               these
               Notes
               ,
               (
               written
               ,
               as
               you
               know
               ,
               to
               facilitate
               the
               explicating
               of
               Occult
               Qualities
               )
               to
               endeavour
               to
               improve
               some
               neglected
               Corners
               of
               this
               vast
               field
               ,
               and
               to
               consider
               ,
               Whether
               ,
               besides
               those
               effects
               of
               Local
               motion
               which
               are
               more
               conspicuous
               ,
               as
               being
               produced
               by
               the
               
               manifest
               striking
               of
               one
               body
               against
               another
               ,
               where
               the
               bulk
               ,
               &c.
               of
               the
               Agent
               ,
               together
               with
               its
               Celerity
               ,
               have
               the
               chief
               Interest
               ;
               there
               may
               not
               be
               divers
               effects
               ,
               wont
               to
               be
               attributed
               to
               Occult
               Qualities
               ,
               that
               yet
               are
               really
               produced
               by
               faint
               or
               unheeded
               Local
               motions
               of
               bodies
               against
               one
               another
               ,
               and
               that
               oftentimes
               at
               a
               distance
               .
            
             
               But
               ,
               before
               I
               enter
               upon
               particulars
               ,
               this
               I
               must
               premise
               in
               general
               ,
               (
               which
               I
               have
               elsewhere
               had
               occasion
               to
               note
               to
               other
               purposes
               ,
               )
               that
               we
               are
               not
               to
               look
               upon
               the
               bodies
               we
               are
               conversant
               with
               ,
               as
               so
               many
               Lumps
               of
               Matter
               ,
               that
               differ
               onely
               in
               bulk
               and
               shape
               ,
               or
               that
               act
               upon
               one
               another
               merely
               by
               their
               own
               distinct
               and
               particular
               powers
               ;
               but
               rather
               as
               bodies
               of
               peculiar
               and
               differing
               internal
               Textures
               ,
               as
               well
               as
               external
               Figures
               :
               on
               the
               account
               of
               which
               structures
               ,
               many
               of
               them
               must
               be
               considered
               as
               a
               kind
               of
               Engines
               ,
               that
               are
               both
               so
               framed
               and
               so
               placed
               among
               other
               bodies
               ,
               that
               sometimes
               Agents
               ,
               otherwise
               invalid
               ,
               
               may
               have
               notable
               operations
               upon
               them
               ,
               because
               those
               operations
               being
               furthered
               by
               the
               Mechanism
               of
               the
               body
               wrought
               on
               ,
               and
               the
               relation
               which
               other
               bodies
               and
               Physisical
               Causes
               have
               to
               it
               ,
               a
               great
               part
               of
               the
               effect
               is
               due
               ,
               not
               precisely
               to
               the
               external
               Agent
               ,
               that
               't
               is
               wont
               to
               be
               ascribed
               to
               ,
               but
               in
               great
               measure
               to
               the
               action
               of
               one
               part
               of
               the
               body
               it self
               (
               that
               is
               wrought
               on
               )
               upon
               another
               ,
               and
               assisted
               by
               the
               concurring
               action
               of
               the
               neighbouring
               bodies
               ,
               and
               perhaps
               of
               some
               of
               the
               more
               Catholick
               Agents
               of
               Nature
               .
               This
               Notion
               or
               Consideration
               being
               in
               other
               Papers
               particularly
               confirmed
               ,
               I
               shall
               not
               now
               insist
               upon
               it
               ,
               trusting
               that
               you
               will
               not
               forget
               it
               ,
               when
               there
               shall
               be
               occasion
               to
               apply
               it
               in
               the
               following
               Notes
               .
            
             
               There
               may
               be
               more
               Accounts
               than
               we
               have
               yet
               thought
               of
               ,
               upon
               which
               
                 Local
                 motions
              
               may
               perform
               considerable
               things
               ,
               either
               without
               being
               much
               heeded
               ,
               or
               without
               seeming
               other
               then
               faint
               ,
               at
               least
               in
               relation
               to
               
               the
               considerableness
               of
               the
               Effects
               produced
               by
               them
               .
               And
               therefore
               I
               would
               not
               be
               understood
               in
               an
               exclusive
               sense
               ,
               when
               in
               the
               following
               Discourse
               I
               take
               notice
               but
               of
               a
               few
               of
               the
               above-mentioned
               Accounts
               ;
               these
               seeming
               sufficient
               ,
               whereto
               ,
               as
               to
               Heads
               ,
               may
               be
               conveniently
               enough
               referred
               the
               Instances
               I
               allot
               to
               this
               Tract
               .
            
             
               And
               concerning
               each
               of
               these
               Accounts
               ,
               I
               hold
               it
               requisite
               to
               intimate
               in
               this
               place
               ,
               that
               I
               mention
               it
               onely
               ,
               as
               that
               whereon
               such
               effects
               of
               Local
               motion
               ,
               as
               I
               refer
               to
               it
               ,
               do
               principally
               depend
               :
               for
               ,
               otherwise
               ,
               I
               am
               so
               far
               from
               denying
               ,
               that
               I
               assert
               ,
               that
               in
               divers
               cases
               there
               are
               more
               Causes
               than
               one
               ,
               or
               perhaps
               than
               two
               of
               those
               here
               treated
               of
               apart
               ,
               that
               may
               notably
               concur
               to
               Phaenomena
               directly
               referred
               to
               but
               one
               or
               other
               of
               them
               .
            
             
               To
               come
               then
               closer
               to
               our
               subject
               ;
               I
               shall
               take
               notice
               ,
               That
               among
               the
               severall
               things
               ,
               upon
               whose
               account
               men
               are
               wont
               to
               overlook
               or
               undervalue
               
               the
               efficacy
               of
               Local
               motions
               ,
               that
               are
               either
               Unheeded
               or
               thought
               Languid
               ,
               the
               chief
               ,
               or
               at
               least
               those
               that
               seem
               to
               me
               fittest
               to
               be
               treated
               of
               in
               this
               Paper
               ,
               are
               those
               that
               are
               referable
               to
               the
               following
               Observations
               .
            
          
           
             
               CHAP.
               II.
               
            
             
               
                 
                   Observat
                   .
                   I.
                
                 Men
                 are
                 not
                 usually
                 aware
                 of
                 the
                 great
                 efficacy
                 of
                 Celerity
                 ,
                 even
                 in
                 small
                 Bodies
                 ,
                 and
                 especially
                 if
                 they
                 move
                 but
                 through
                 a
                 small
                 space
                 .
              
            
             
               WHat
               a
               rapid
               Motion
               may
               enable
               a
               Body
               to
               doe
               ,
               may
               be
               judged
               by
               the
               powerfull
               and
               destructive
               Effects
               of
               Bullets
               shot
               out
               of
               Cannons
               ,
               in
               comparison
               of
               the
               Battering
               Engines
               of
               the
               Ancients
               ,
               which
               ,
               though
               I
               know
               not
               how
               many
               times
               bigger
               then
               the
               Bullets
               of
               whole
               Cannon
               ,
               were
               not
               able
               to
               batter
               down
               Walls
               and
               Towers
               like
               Bullets
               ,
               whose
               bulk
               compared
               with
               theirs
               is
               inconsiderable
               .
               Other
               examples
               
               of
               a
               like
               nature
               might
               be
               without
               impertinency
               alledged
               on
               this
               occasion
               ;
               but
               ,
               because
               the
               latter
               part
               of
               our
               Proposition
               contains
               that
               which
               I
               chiefly
               aim
               at
               ,
               I
               shall
               proceed
               to
               Instances
               fit
               to
               prove
               That
               .
            
             
               I
               have
               sometimes
               caused
               a
               skilfull
               Turner
               to
               turn
               for
               me
               an
               oblong
               piece
               of
               Iron
               or
               Steel
               ,
               and
               placing
               my
               naked
               hand
               at
               a
               convenient
               distance
               to
               receive
               the
               little
               fragments
               ,
               perhaps
               for
               the
               most
               part
               lesser
               then
               small
               pins
               heads
               ,
               as
               they
               flew
               off
               from
               the
               rod
               ,
               they
               were
               ,
               as
               I
               expected
               ,
               so
               intensely
               heated
               by
               the
               quick
               action
               of
               the
               Tool
               upon
               them
               ,
               that
               they
               seemed
               almost
               like
               so
               many
               sparks
               of
               fire
               ;
               so
               that
               I
               could
               not
               endure
               to
               continue
               my
               hand
               there
               .
               And
               I
               remember
               ,
               that
               once
               asking
               an
               expert
               workman
               ,
               whether
               he
               (
               as
               I
               had
               sometimes
               done
               )
               did
               not
               find
               a
               troublesome
               heat
               in
               the
               little
               fragments
               of
               Brass
               that
               were
               thrown
               off
               when
               that
               metall
               was
               turning
               ?
               He
               told
               me
               ,
               that
               heat
               was
               sometimes
               very
               offensive
               to
               his
               eyes
               and
               eye-lids
               .
               And
               
               when
               I
               asked
               ,
               whether
               it
               was
               not
               rather
               as
               Dust
               cast
               into
               them
               ,
               than
               from
               their
               Heat
               ;
               he
               replied
               ,
               that
               besides
               the
               stroke
               ,
               he
               could
               sensibly
               feel
               a
               troublesome
               heat
               ,
               which
               would
               make
               even
               his
               Eye-lids
               sore
               :
               And
               that
               sometimes
               ,
               when
               he
               employed
               a
               rough
               Tool
               ,
               that
               took
               off
               somewhat
               greater
               Chips
               ,
               he
               had
               found
               the
               heat
               so
               vehement
               ,
               that
               not
               onely
               't
               would
               scorch
               his
               tender
               Eye-lids
               ,
               but
               the
               thick
               and
               hard
               skin
               of
               his
               hands
               :
               for
               proof
               whereof
               he
               shewed
               me
               in
               one
               of
               his
               hands
               a
               little
               blister
               ,
               that
               had
               been
               so
               raised
               ,
               and
               was
               not
               yet
               quite
               gone
               off
               .
            
             
               And
               inquiring
               about
               these
               matters
               of
               a
               famous
               Artist
               ,
               imployed
               about
               the
               finishing
               up
               of
               cast
               Ordnance
               ,
               he
               confess'd
               to
               me
               ,
               That
               ,
               when
               with
               a
               strong
               as
               well
               as
               peculiar
               Engine
               he
               and
               his
               associates
               turned
               great
               Guns
               very
               swiftly
               ,
               to
               bring
               the
               surface
               to
               a
               competent
               smoothness
               ,
               the
               tools
               would
               sometimes
               throw
               off
               bits
               of
               metal
               of
               a
               considerable
               bigness
               ,
               which
               ,
               by
               reason
               of
               their
               bulk
               and
               their
               rapid
               motion
               ,
               would
               be
               so
               heated
               as
               to
               burn
               
               the
               fingers
               of
               the
               Country-people
               that
               came
               to
               gaze
               on
               his
               work
               ,
               when
               he
               ,
               for
               merriment
               sake
               ,
               desired
               them
               to
               take
               up
               some
               of
               those
               pieces
               of
               metall
               from
               the
               ground
               .
               Which
               I
               thought
               the
               more
               remarkable
               ,
               because
               by
               the
               Contact
               and
               Coldness
               of
               the
               ground
               I
               could
               not
               but
               suppose
               their
               Heat
               to
               have
               been
               much
               allayed
               .
               Not
               to
               mention
               ,
               that
               I
               learnt
               from
               an
               experienced
               Artificer
               ,
               that
               in
               turning
               of
               Brass
               the
               little
               fragments
               of
               that
               metall
               acquire
               an
               intenser
               Heat
               than
               those
               of
               Iron
               .
            
             
               I
               remember
               also
               ,
               that
               ,
               to
               vary
               the
               Experiment
               mentioned
               just
               before
               this
               last
               ,
               by
               making
               it
               with
               a
               bodie
               far
               less
               solid
               and
               heavy
               than
               Brass
               or
               Iron
               ,
               I
               caused
               an
               Artificer
               to
               turn
               very
               nimbly
               a
               piece
               of
               ordinary
               wood
               ,
               and
               holding
               my
               hand
               not
               far
               off
               ,
               the
               powder
               ,
               that
               flew
               about
               upon
               the
               operation
               ,
               struck
               my
               hand
               in
               many
               places
               with
               that
               briskness
               ,
               that
               I
               could
               but
               uneasily
               endure
               the
               Heat
               which
               they
               produced
               where
               they
               hit
               .
               Which
               Heat
               whether
               it
               were
               communicated
               
               from
               the
               little
               ,
               but
               much
               heated
               ,
               fragments
               to
               my
               hands
               ,
               or
               produced
               there
               by
               the
               brisk
               percussion
               on
               my
               hand
               ,
               or
               were
               the
               joint
               effect
               of
               both
               those
               Causes
               ;
               it
               will
               however
               be
               a
               good
               Instance
               of
               the
               power
               of
               Celerity
               even
               in
               very
               small
               bodies
               ,
               and
               that
               move
               but
               a
               very
               little
               way
               .
            
             
               'T
               is
               considerable
               to
               our
               present
               purpose
               ,
               that
               by
               an
               almost
               momentany
               percussion
               ,
               and
               that
               made
               with
               no
               great
               force
               ,
               the
               parts
               ,
               even
               of
               a
               vegetable
               ,
               may
               be
               not
               onely
               intensely
               heated
               ,
               but
               brought
               to
               an
               actuall
               Ignition
               ;
               as
               we
               have
               severall
               times
               tried
               ,
               by
               striking
               a
               good
               Cane
               (
               of
               that
               sort
               which
               is
               fit
               for
               such
               Experiments
               )
               with
               a
               steel
               ,
               or
               even
               with
               the
               back
               of
               a
               knife
               .
               For
               ,
               upon
               this
               Collision
               ,
               it
               would
               send
               forth
               sparks
               of
               fire
               like
               a
               flint
               .
            
             
               To
               the
               same
               purpose
               may
               be
               alledged
               ,
               that
               ,
               by
               but
               dextrously
               scraping
               good
               loaf-sugar
               with
               a
               knife
               ,
               there
               will
               be
               made
               so
               brisk
               an
               agitation
               of
               the
               parts
               ,
               that
               store
               of
               sparks
               
               will
               be
               produced
               .
               But
               that
               is
               more
               considerable
               ,
               which
               happens
               upon
               the
               collision
               of
               a
               flint
               and
               a
               steel
               :
               For
               ,
               though
               Vitrification
               be
               by
               Chymists
               esteemed
               the
               ultimate
               action
               of
               the
               fire
               ,
               and
               though
               ,
               to
               turn
               sand
               or
               stones
               ,
               though
               very
               finely
               poudered
               ,
               into
               glass
               ,
               't
               is
               usually
               required
               that
               it
               be
               kept
               for
               divers
               hours
               in
               the
               intense
               fire
               of
               a
               glass-house
               ;
               and
               though
               ,
               lastly
               ,
               the
               glass-men
               complain
               ,
               that
               they
               cannot
               bring
               flints
               or
               sand
               to
               fusion
               without
               the
               help
               of
               a
               good
               proportion
               of
               Borillia
               or
               some
               other
               fixed
               salt
               :
               yet
               both
               actuall
               Ignition
               and
               Vitrification
               are
               brought
               to
               pass
               almost
               in
               a
               moment
               by
               the
               bare
               vehemence
               of
               that
               motion
               that
               is
               excited
               in
               the
               parts
               of
               a
               flint
               when
               it
               is
               struck
               with
               a
               steel
               :
               For
               those
               sparks
               that
               then
               fly
               out
               ,
               (
               as
               an
               Ingenious
               person
               
               has
               observed
               ,
               and
               as
               I
               have
               often
               seen
               with
               a
               good
               Microscope
               ,
               )
               are
               usually
               real
               and
               permanent
               parcels
               (
               for
               the
               most
               part
               globulous
               )
               ofstone
               vitrified
               and
               ignited
               by
               the
               vehemence
               of
               the
               motion
               .
               And
               that
               
               this
               vitrification
               may
               be
               of
               the
               stone
               itself
               ,
               though
               steel
               be
               a
               metal
               of
               a
               far
               more
               fusible
               nature
               then
               a
               flint
               ,
               I
               am
               induced
               to
               think
               ,
               because
               I
               have
               tried
               ,
               that
               not
               only
               flints
               with
               steel
               ,
               but
               flints
               with
               flints
               ,
               and
               more
               easily
               pieces
               of
               Rock
               Crystal
               between
               themselves
               ,
               will
               by
               collision
               strike
               fire
               .
               And
               the
               like
               effect
               of
               collision
               I
               have
               found
               my self
               in
               some
               precious
               stones
               ,
               harder
               than
               Crystall
               .
               And
               afterwards
               inquiring
               of
               an
               ingenious
               Artificer
               that
               cuts
               Diamonds
               ,
               Whether
               he
               had
               not
               observed
               the
               like
               ,
               when
               Diamonds
               were
               grated
               on
               by
               the
               rapid
               motion
               of
               his
               mill
               ?
               He
               replied
               ,
               that
               he
               observed
               Diamonds
               to
               strike
               fire
               almost
               like
               Flints
               ;
               which
               afterwards
               was
               confirmed
               to
               me
               by
               another
               experienced
               cutter
               of
               Gems
               ;
               and
               yet
               having
               made
               divers
               trials
               on
               Diamonds
               with
               fire
               ,
               he
               would
               not
               allow
               that
               fire
               itself
               can
               bring
               them
               to
               fusion
               .
            
             
               Nor
               are
               fluid
               Bodies
               ,
               though
               but
               of
               small
               Dimensions
               ,
               to
               be
               altogether
               excluded
               from
               the
               power
               of
               making
               considerable
               impressions
               on
               solid
               
               bodies
               ,
               if
               their
               celerity
               be
               great
               .
            
             
               Whether
               the
               Sun-beams
               consist
               ,
               according
               to
               the
               Atomical
               Doctrine
               ,
               of
               very
               minute
               Corpuscles
               ,
               that
               ,
               continually
               issuing
               out
               of
               the
               body
               of
               the
               Sun
               ,
               swiftly
               thrust
               on
               one
               another
               in
               Physically-straight
               Lines
               ;
               or
               whether
               ,
               as
               the
               Cartesians
               would
               have
               it
               ,
               those
               beams
               be
               made
               by
               the
               brisk
               action
               of
               the
               Luminary
               upon
               the
               contiguous
               fluid
               ,
               and
               propagated
               every
               way
               in
               straight
               lines
               through
               some
               Ethereal
               matter
               harboured
               in
               the
               pores
               of
               the
               Air
               ;
               it
               will
               be
               agreeable
               to
               either
               Hypothesis
               ,
               that
               the
               Sun-beams
               ,
               refracted
               or
               reflected
               by
               a
               burning-glass
               to
               a
               focus
               ,
               do
               there
               ,
               by
               their
               concourse
               ,
               compose
               a
               small
               portion
               of
               fluid
               matter
               ;
               and
               yet
               the
               Celerity
               ,
               wherewith
               the
               soft
               and
               yielding
               substance
               is
               agitated
               ,
               enables
               so
               few
               of
               them
               as
               can
               be
               circumscribed
               by
               a
               Circle
               ,
               not
               a
               quarter
               of
               an
               inch
               in
               Diameter
               ,
               to
               set
               afire
               green
               wood
               in
               lesse
               than
               a
               minute
               ,
               and
               (
               perhaps
               in
               as
               little
               time
               as
               that
               )
               to
               melt
               not
               onely
               Tinn
               and
               Lead
               thinly
               
               beaten
               ,
               but
               ,
               as
               I
               have
               tried
               ,
               foliated
               Silver
               and
               Gold.
               
            
             
               The
               operation
               of
               small
               portions
               of
               fluid
               matter
               on
               solid
               bodies
               will
               be
               farther
               exemplified
               in
               the
               IV.
               Chapter
               ,
               by
               the
               effects
               of
               the
               blown
               flame
               of
               a
               Lamp
               on
               glass
               and
               metalls
               ;
               so
               that
               I
               shall
               here
               need
               but
               to
               point
               in
               general
               at
               the
               wonderfull
               effects
               that
               Lightning
               has
               produced
               ,
               as
               well
               by
               the
               Celerity
               of
               its
               motion
               ,
               as
               by
               the
               matter
               whereof
               it
               consists
               .
               Of
               which
               Effects
               ,
               Histories
               and
               the
               writings
               of
               Meteorologists
               afford
               good
               store
               ;
               and
               I
               have
               been
               an
               admiring
               observer
               of
               some
               of
               them
               ,
               one
               of
               the
               last
               of
               which
               was
               the
               melting
               of
               metal
               by
               the
               flame
               in
               its
               passage
               ,
               which
               probably
               lasted
               but
               the
               twinckling
               of
               an
               Eye
               .
            
             
               And
               even
               a
               small
               parcel
               of
               Air
               ,
               if
               put
               into
               a
               sufficiently-brisk
               motion
               ,
               may
               communicate
               a
               considerable
               motion
               to
               a
               solid
               body
               ;
               whereof
               a
               notable
               Instance
               (
               which
               depends
               chiefly
               upon
               the
               Celerity
               of
               the
               springy
               corpuscles
               of
               the
               Air
               )
               is
               afforded
               
               by
               the
               violent
               motion
               communicated
               to
               a
               bullet
               shot
               out
               of
               a
               good
               wind-gun
               .
               For
               ,
               when
               this
               Instrument
               is
               well
               charged
               ,
               the
               strongly-comprest
               Air
               being
               set
               at
               liberty
               ,
               and
               forcibly
               endeavouring
               to
               expand
               it self
               to
               its
               wonted
               laxity
               ,
               its
               corpuscles
               give
               a
               multitude
               of
               impulses
               to
               the
               bullet
               ,
               all
               the
               while
               that
               it
               continues
               moving
               along
               the
               barrel
               ,
               and
               by
               this
               means
               put
               it
               into
               so
               rapid
               a
               motion
               ,
               that
               I
               found
               by
               trial
               ,
               the
               bullet
               would
               in
               a
               moment
               be
               flatted
               ,
               almost
               into
               the
               figure
               of
               a
               Hemisphere
               ,
               by
               being
               shot
               off
               against
               a
               metalline
               plate
               .
            
             
               And
               farther
               to
               shew
               ,
               How
               swift
               that
               motion
               must
               have
               been
               ,
               and
               with
               what
               Celerity
               a
               vehement
               agitation
               may
               be
               communicated
               to
               the
               parts
               of
               a
               Solid
               body
               ,
               I
               shall
               add
               here
               (
               though
               the
               Phaenomenon
               might
               be
               referred
               to
               the
               V.
               Chapter
               ,
               )
               that
               ,
               though
               the
               contact
               of
               the
               Bullet
               and
               the
               metalline
               plate
               lasted
               probably
               but
               a
               physical
               moment
               ;
               yet
               the
               minute
               parts
               of
               the
               bullet
               were
               put
               into
               so
               various
               and
               brisk
               an
               agitation
               ,
               that
               making
               hast
               
               to
               take
               it
               up
               before
               it
               should
               cool
               ,
               I
               found
               it
               too
               hot
               to
               be
               with
               overmuch
               ease
               held
               between
               my
               fingers
               .
            
          
           
             
               CHAP.
               III.
               
            
             
               
                 
                   Observat
                   .
                   II.
                
                 We
                 are
                 too
                 apt
                 to
                 think
                 ,
                 that
                 Fluid
                 bodies
                 ,
                 because
                 of
                 their
                 softness
                 ,
                 cannot
                 have
                 by
                 their
                 bare
                 motion
                 ,
                 especially
                 if
                 insensible
                 ,
                 any
                 sensible
                 effect
                 upon
                 Solid
                 ones
                 ;
                 though
                 the
                 fluid
                 moves
                 and
                 acts
                 as
                 an
                 intire
                 body
                 .
              
            
             
               'T
               IS
               not
               my
               purpose
               here
               to
               insist
               on
               the
               efficacy
               of
               the
               motion
               of
               such
               fluid
               bodies
               as
               may
               have
               their
               motions
               discovered
               by
               the
               eye
               ,
               like
               streaming
               water
               ;
               or
               manifestly
               perceived
               by
               the
               touch
               ,
               as
               are
               the
               winds
               that
               beat
               upon
               us
               :
               since
               't
               were
               needless
               to
               give
               Instances
               of
               such
               obvious
               things
               ,
               as
               the
               great
               effects
               of
               overflowing
               waters
               and
               violent
               winds
               ;
               the
               later
               of
               which
               ,
               notwithstanding
               the
               great
               tenuity
               and
               
               softness
               of
               the
               air
               and
               the
               Effluvia
               that
               swim
               in
               it
               ,
               have
               been
               sometimes
               able
               to
               blow
               down
               not
               onely
               timber-trees
               ,
               but
               houses
               and
               steeples
               ,
               and
               other
               the
               firmest
               Structures
               .
               But
               the
               motions
               I
               intend
               to
               speak
               of
               in
               this
               Chapter
               are
               such
               ,
               as
               we
               do
               not
               immediately
               either
               see
               or
               feel
               ;
               and
               though
               these
               be
               exceeding
               rare
               ,
               yet
               the
               operation
               of
               Sounds
               ,
               even
               upon
               solid
               bodies
               ,
               and
               that
               at
               a
               distance
               from
               the
               sonorous
               ones
               ,
               afford
               me
               some
               Instances
               to
               my
               present
               purpose
               ,
               which
               I
               shall
               now
               proceed
               to
               mention
               .
            
             
               It
               has
               been
               frequently
               observed
               ,
               that
               ,
               upon
               the
               discharge
               of
               Ordnance
               and
               other
               great
               Guns
               ,
               not
               onely
               the
               sound
               may
               be
               distinctly
               heard
               a
               great
               way
               off
               ;
               but
               that
               ,
               to
               a
               good
               distance
               ,
               the
               tremulous
               motion
               of
               the
               Air
               that
               produces
               sound
               ,
               without
               producing
               any
               sensible
               wind
               ,
               has
               been
               able
               sensibly
               to
               shake
               ,
               and
               sometimes
               violently
               to
               break
               ,
               the
               glass-windows
               of
               houses
               and
               other
               buildings
               ,
               especially
               when
               the
               windows
               stand
               in
               the
               way
               
               wherein
               the
               propagation
               of
               the
               sound
               is
               directly
               made
               .
               'T
               is
               true
               ,
               that
               these
               observations
               are
               most
               frequent
               ,
               when
               the
               place
               ,
               where
               the
               Artillery
               is
               placed
               ,
               stands
               upon
               the
               same
               piece
               of
               ground
               with
               the
               Houses
               whose
               windows
               are
               shaken
               ;
               and
               so
               it
               may
               be
               suspected
               ,
               that
               the
               Shake
               is
               first
               communicated
               by
               the
               Cannon
               to
               the
               earth
               or
               floor
               on
               which
               they
               play
               ,
               and
               is
               afterwards
               by
               that
               propagated
               through
               the
               intermediate
               parts
               of
               the
               ground
               to
               the
               foundations
               of
               the
               houses
               ,
               and
               so
               to
               the
               windows
               .
               And
               I
               readily
               grant
               ,
               and
               may
               elsewhere
               shew
               ,
               that
               a
               violent
               impulse
               upon
               the
               ground
               may
               reach
               to
               a
               greater
               distance
               than
               men
               usually
               imagine
               :
               But
               in
               our
               present
               Case
               I
               see
               no
               necessity
               of
               having
               recourse
               to
               any
               thing
               but
               the
               wave-like
               motion
               of
               the
               Air
               for
               the
               production
               of
               our
               Phaenomenon
               ,
               since
               the
               like
               may
               be
               produced
               by
               Local
               Motion
               transmitted
               by
               Fluids
               ,
               as
               may
               appear
               by
               the
               following
               Instances
               .
            
             
               I
               was
               once
               invited
               by
               an
               Engineer
               ,
               
               to
               see
               triall
               made
               of
               a
               strange
               Instrument
               he
               had
               to
               sink
               ships
               ,
               though
               great
               ones
               ,
               in
               a
               few
               minutes
               ;
               and
               though
               an
               unlucky
               Accident
               kept
               me
               from
               arriving
               there
               'till
               near
               a
               quarter
               of
               an
               hour
               after
               the
               triall
               had
               been
               made
               on
               an
               old
               fregat
               ,
               with
               better
               successe
               than
               my
               Philanthropy
               allowed
               me
               to
               wish
               ;
               yet
               causing
               my self
               to
               be
               rowed
               to
               the
               place
               ,
               where
               the
               great
               vessell
               was
               newly
               sunk
               ,
               the
               odness
               of
               the
               effect
               ,
               which
               was
               performed
               upon
               the
               water
               by
               a
               small
               Instrument
               outwardly
               applied
               ,
               made
               me
               inquisitive
               ,
               what
               noise
               and
               commotion
               had
               been
               made
               :
               And
               I
               was
               informed
               partly
               by
               the
               Engineer
               himself
               ,
               and
               partly
               by
               some
               acquaintances
               of
               mine
               ,
               who
               among
               a
               great
               number
               of
               Spectators
               stood
               aloof
               off
               in
               ships
               and
               other
               vessels
               lying
               at
               anchor
               ,
               to
               see
               the
               event
               ;
               that
               ,
               upon
               the
               Engine
               's
               operating
               ,
               the
               explosion
               was
               so
               great
               ,
               that
               it
               made
               a
               kind
               of
               storm
               in
               the
               water
               round
               about
               ,
               and
               did
               so
               rudely
               shake
               vessels
               that
               lay
               at
               no
               inconsiderable
               distance
               ,
               as
               to
               make
               
               those
               that
               stood
               on
               them
               to
               stagger
               .
            
             
               In
               the
               late
               great
               Sea-fight
               between
               the
               English
               Fleet
               commanded
               by
               his
               Royal
               Highness
               the
               Duke
               of
               York
               ,
               and
               the
               Dutch
               Admiral
               Opdam
               ,
               (
               who
               therein
               lost
               the
               Victory
               and
               his
               Life
               ,
               )
               though
               the
               Engagement
               were
               made
               very
               many
               Leagues
               from
               the
               Hague
               ,
               yet
               the
               noise
               of
               the
               Guns
               not
               onely
               reached
               to
               that
               Place
               ,
               but
               had
               a
               notable
               effect
               there
               ;
               of
               which
               when
               I
               enquired
               of
               the
               English
               Embassadour
               that
               as
               yet
               resided
               there
               ,
               he
               was
               pleased
               to
               assure
               me
               ,
               that
               it
               shook
               the
               windows
               of
               his
               House
               so
               violently
               ,
               that
               not
               knowing
               what
               the
               Cause
               was
               ,
               he
               was
               surprized
               and
               much
               allarmed
               ,
               apprehending
               ,
               that
               some
               rude
               Fellows
               were
               about
               to
               break
               his
               windows
               to
               affront
               him
               .
               And
               if
               there
               be
               a
               greater
               disposition
               in
               some
               other
               bodies
               than
               there
               is
               in
               Glass-windows
               to
               receive
               strong
               impulses
               from
               the
               Air
               agitated
               by
               Sounds
               ,
               these
               may
               be
               sensibly
               ,
               though
               not
               visibly
               ,
               wrought
               upon
               ,
               and
               that
               at
               a
               good
               distance
               ,
               by
               the
               noise
               of
               a
               single
               
               piece
               of
               Ordnance
               ;
               as
               may
               appear
               by
               that
               memorable
               Circumstance
               of
               an
               odd
               Case
               about
               a
               Gangrene
               mentioned
               by
               the
               experienced
               
                 Simon
                 Pauli
              
               in
               his
               ingenious
               Tract
               
                 de
                 Febribus
                 malignis
              
               ,
               pag.
               71.
               
               
                 Atqui
                 aeger
                 ille
                 Gallus
                 brachio
                 truncatus
                 ,
                 octiduum
                 quidem
                 superfuit
                 ,
                 sed
                 horrendis
                 totius
                 corporis
                 convulsionibus
                 correptus
                 ;
                 qui
                 quoque
                 ,
                 (
                 ut
                 &
                 illa
                 addam
                 observatione
                 dignissima
                 ,
                 )
                 dum
                 in
                 Domini
                 sui
                 aedibus
                 ad
                 plateam
                 Kiodmoggerianam
                 ,
                 Romanè
              
               Laniorum
               
                 appellares
                 ,
                 decumberet
                 ,
                 ac
                 ,
                 me
                 ac
                 aliis
                 aliquandiu
                 ad
                 Lectum
                 illius
                 considentibus
                 quidem
                 ,
                 sed
                 nobis
                 non
                 attendentibus
                 ,
                 exploderentur
                 tormenta
                 bellica
                 ex
                 Regiis
                 ac
                 Praetoriis
                 navibus
                 ,
                 sinistrâ
                 truncum
                 dextri
                 brachii
                 fovens
                 ac
                 complectens
                 ,
                 toties
                 quoties
                 exploderentur
                 singula
                 exclamabat
                 ,
                 Au
                 ,
                 au
                 ,
                 me
                 miserum
                 !
                 Jesu
                 ,
                 Maria
                 ,
                 contundor
                 penitús
                 :
                 adeò
                 permolesta
                 &
                 intolerabilis
                 illi
                 erat
                 Tormentorum
                 explosio
                 ,
                 &
                 quidem
                 ex
                 loco
                 satis
                 longinquo
                 ,
                 terrâ
                 non
                 firmâ
                 aut
                 contiguâ
                 ,
                 verùm
                 super
                 salo
                 aut
                 mari
                 Balthico
                 ,
                 instituta
                 .
              
               By
               this
               it
               appears
               ,
               that
               the
               Guns
               ,
               whose
               discharge
               produced
               
               these
               painfull
               motions
               in
               the
               Patient
               ,
               rested
               upon
               a
               floating
               body
               .
               And
               I
               remember
               ,
               that
               an
               illustrious
               Commander
               of
               a
               very
               great
               Man
               of
               war
               ,
               being
               asked
               by
               me
               ,
               whether
               of
               the
               many
               wounded
               men
               ,
               he
               had
               in
               his
               ship
               in
               a
               very
               long
               Sea-fight
               ,
               none
               of
               them
               were
               affected
               by
               that
               noise
               of
               the
               Enemy's
               Cannon
               discharged
               in
               ships
               at
               a
               distance
               ?
               He
               answered
               me
               ,
               that
               some
               ,
               whose
               bones
               were
               broken
               ,
               would
               sadly
               complain
               of
               the
               Torment
               they
               were
               put
               into
               by
               the
               shake
               they
               felt
               at
               the
               going
               off
               of
               the
               Enemy's
               Cannon
               ,
               though
               they
               were
               too
               much
               accustomed
               to
               the
               report
               of
               great
               Guns
               ,
               to
               be
               ,
               as
               't
               was
               a
               bare
               noise
               ,
               offended
               by
               it
               .
               If
               after
               all
               this
               ti
               be
               surmized
               ,
               that
               these
               motions
               were
               not
               conveyed
               by
               the
               air
               ,
               but
               propagated
               by
               the
               water
               ,
               (
               and
               ,
               in
               some
               cases
               ,
               some
               part
               of
               the
               shoar
               )
               from
               the
               ships
               ,
               where
               the
               Guns
               were
               fired
               ,
               to
               the
               Houses
               where
               the
               windows
               were
               shaken
               ,
               or
               the
               places
               where
               the
               wounded
               men
               lay
               :
               I
               answer
               that
               ,
               if
               this
               could
               be
               made
               probable
               ,
               
               it
               would
               accommodate
               me
               with
               very
               eminent
               Instances
               for
               the
               Chapter
               of
               the
               Propagable
               nature
               of
               Motion
               :
               And
               though
               it
               be
               very
               difficult
               to
               find
               such
               examples
               of
               shakes
               excited
               by
               sounds
               as
               are
               not
               liable
               to
               the
               mentioned
               objection
               ;
               because
               the
               sonorous
               bodies
               here
               below
               do
               all
               either
               strike
               ,
               or
               lean
               ,
               upon
               such
               gross
               and
               visible
               bodies
               as
               the
               Earth
               and
               Water
               ;
               yet
               there
               is
               one
               kind
               of
               Sound
               ,
               that
               must
               be
               confessed
               to
               be
               propagated
               by
               the
               Air
               ,
               as
               being
               made
               in
               it
               ;
               and
               that
               is
               Thunder
               ,
               whose
               noise
               does
               sometimes
               so
               vehemently
               affect
               the
               Air
               ,
               though
               without
               producing
               any
               sensible
               wind
               ,
               that
               both
               others
               and
               I
               have
               observed
               it
               very
               sensibly
               to
               shake
               great
               and
               strong
               Houses
               ,
               notwithstanding
               the
               distance
               of
               the
               clouds
               where
               the
               noises
               were
               first
               produced
               .
               And
               I
               remember
               ,
               that
               ,
               having
               inquired
               of
               some
               Sea-Captains
               ,
               that
               in
               stout
               vessels
               sailed
               to
               the
               Indies
               ,
               whether
               they
               had
               nor
               in
               those
               hot
               Regions
               observed
               their
               ships
               ,
               though
               very
               much
               less
               tall
               then
               
               houses
               ,
               to
               be
               shaken
               by
               vehement
               Thunders
               ?
               I
               perceived
               ,
               that
               some
               of
               them
               had
               not
               much
               heeded
               any
               such
               thing
               ;
               but
               a
               couple
               of
               others
               told
               me
               ,
               they
               had
               observed
               it
               in
               their
               ships
               ;
               and
               one
               of
               them
               told
               me
               ,
               that
               once
               ,
               when
               the
               claps
               of
               thunder
               were
               extraordinary
               great
               ,
               some
               of
               them
               shook
               his
               ship
               so
               rudely
               as
               to
               make
               the
               unwonted
               motions
               disorder
               his
               great
               Guns
               .
               All
               which
               I
               the
               less
               wonder
               at
               ,
               when
               calling
               to
               mind
               ,
               what
               I
               have
               mention'd
               in
               the
               foregoing
               Chapter
               and
               elsewhere
               of
               the
               power
               of
               the
               Celerity
               of
               motion
               ,
               I
               consider
               ,
               that
               there
               is
               no
               Celerity
               that
               we
               know
               of
               here
               below
               ,
               that
               is
               near
               so
               great
               ,
               as
               that
               wherewith
               a
               Sound
               is
               propagated
               through
               the
               air
               .
               For
               ,
               whereas
               the
               diligent
               Mersennus
               observes
               ,
               that
               a
               bullet
               shot
               out
               of
               a
               Cannon
               or
               a
               Musket
               does
               not
               overpass
               two
               hundred
               and
               forty
               yards
               in
               a
               Second
               ,
               or
               sixtieth
               part
               of
               a
               minute
               ;
               I
               have
               more
               than
               once
               diligently
               observed
               ,
               that
               the
               motion
               of
               Sound
               passes
               above
               four
               hundred
               yards
               in
               the
               
               same
               time
               of
               a
               Second
               here
               in
               England
               ;
               which
               I
               therefore
               add
               ,
               because
               Mersennus
               relates
               ,
               that
               in
               France
               he
               observed
               a
               Sound
               to
               move
               in
               that
               time
               many
               yards
               more
               ;
               which
               may
               possibly
               proceed
               from
               the
               differing
               consistence
               of
               the
               English
               air
               and
               the
               French.
               
            
             
               The
               great
               Loudness
               of
               these
               sounds
               ,
               and
               the
               vehement
               percussion
               that
               the
               Air
               receives
               in
               their
               formation
               ,
               will
               probably
               make
               it
               be
               easily
               granted
               ,
               that
               't
               was
               onely
               the
               Impetuosity
               of
               the
               motion
               of
               the
               Medium
               ,
               that
               gave
               the
               shake
               to
               the
               windows
               and
               other
               solid
               bodies
               that
               I
               have
               been
               mentioning
               to
               have
               been
               made
               to
               tremble
               by
               the
               report
               of
               Cannon
               or
               Thunder
               :
               But
               yet
               I
               will
               not
               on
               this
               occasion
               conceal
               ,
               that
               perhaps
               it
               may
               without
               absurdity
               be
               suspected
               ,
               that
               Some
               of
               those
               tremulous
               motions
               of
               solid
               bodies
               might
               either
               depend
               upon
               ,
               or
               at
               least
               be
               promoted
               by
               ,
               some
               peculiar
               disposition
               ,
               that
               Glasse
               (
               which
               is
               endued
               with
               springiness
               ,
               )
               and
               some
               other
               bodies
               that
               perhaps
               are
               not
               quite
               devoid
               of
               that
               Quality
               ,
               
               may
               have
               to
               be
               moved
               by
               certain
               congruous
               Sounds
               (
               if
               I
               may
               so
               call
               them
               )
               more
               than
               they
               would
               by
               others
               ,
               though
               perchance
               more
               loud
               .
               But
               though
               this
               surmize
               should
               be
               admitted
               ;
               yet
               it
               would
               not
               render
               the
               lately-recited
               Instances
               improper
               for
               the
               design
               of
               this
               Discourse
               ,
               but
               onely
               would
               make
               some
               of
               them
               fit
               to
               be
               referred
               to
               another
               Chapter
               ;
               to
               which
               I
               shall
               advance
               ,
               as
               soon
               as
               I
               shall
               have
               annexed
               an
               odd
               Observation
               of
               the
               experienced
               Platerus
               ,
               which
               argues
               ,
               that
               ,
               where
               there
               is
               a
               peculiar
               Disposition
               ,
               even
               in
               a
               firm
               body
               ,
               it
               may
               receive
               considerable
               impressions
               from
               so
               languid
               a
               motion
               (
               though
               in
               likelihood
               not
               peculiarly
               modified
               )
               of
               the
               air
               as
               is
               not
               sensible
               to
               other
               bodies
               of
               the
               same
               kind
               .
            
             
               
                 Foemina
                 quaedam
              
               (
               says
               he
               )
               
               
                 in
                 subitaneum
                 incidit
                 morbum
                 ,
                 viribus
                 subitò
                 prostratis
                 ,
                 se
                 suffocari
                 indesinenter
                 clamitans
                 ,
                 etsi
                 neo
                 stertoris
                 nec
                 tussis
                 aliqua
                 essent
                 indicia
                 ;
                 maximè
                 verò
                 de
                 aura
                 quadam
                 adveniente
                 ,
                 si
                 vel
                 leviter
                 aliquis
                 adstantium
                 se
              
               
               
                 moveret
                 ,
                 quae
                 illam
                 opprimeret
                 ,
                 conquerebatur
                 ,
                 séque
                 suffocari
                 ,
                 si
                 quis
                 propiùs
                 accederet
                 ,
                 clamitabat
                 :
                 vixdum
                 biduum
                 in
                 ea
                 anxietate
                 perseverans
                 ,
                 expiravit
                 .
              
               To
               which
               he
               adds
               :
               
                 Vidi
                 &
                 alios
                 aegros
                 ,
                 de
                 simili
                 aura
                 ,
                 quae
                 eos
                 ,
                 si
                 quis
                 illis
                 appropinquaret
                 ,
                 in
                 suffocationis
                 periculum
                 induceret
                 ,
                 conquerentes
                 ;
                 quod
                 semper
                 pessimum
                 esse
                 signum
                 deprehendi
                 .
              
            
          
           
             
               CHAP.
               IV.
               
            
             
               
                 
                   Observat
                   .
                   III.
                
                 Men
                 undervalue
                 the
                 motions
                 of
                 bodies
                 too
                 small
                 to
                 be
                 visible
                 or
                 sensible
                 ,
                 notwithstanding
                 their
                 Numerousness
                 ,
                 which
                 inables
                 them
                 to
                 act
                 in
                 Swarms
                 .
              
            
             
               MOst
               men
               ,
               when
               they
               think
               at
               all
               of
               the
               effluvia
               of
               bodies
               and
               their
               motions
               ,
               are
               wont
               to
               think
               of
               them
               as
               if
               they
               were
               but
               much
               finer
               sorts
               of
               Dust
               ,
               (
               whose
               grains
               ,
               by
               reason
               of
               their
               smalness
               ,
               are
               invisible
               ,
               )
               which
               ,
               by
               the
               various
               agitation
               of
               the
               Air
               ,
               are
               
               as
               't
               were
               by
               some
               faint
               wind
               blown
               against
               the
               surfaces
               of
               the
               bodies
               they
               chance
               to
               meet
               in
               their
               way
               ,
               and
               that
               they
               are
               stopped
               in
               their
               progress
               without
               penetrating
               into
               the
               interior
               parts
               of
               the
               bodies
               they
               invade
               .
               And
               according
               to
               this
               Notion
               ,
               't
               is
               no
               wonder
               ,
               that
               men
               should
               not
               fancy
               ,
               that
               such
               minute
               bodies
               passing
               ,
               as
               they
               suppose
               ,
               no
               further
               than
               the
               surfaces
               of
               those
               on
               which
               they
               operate
               ,
               should
               have
               but
               faint
               operations
               upon
               them
               .
            
             
               But
               we
               may
               have
               other
               thoughts
               ,
               if
               we
               well
               consider
               ,
               that
               the
               Corpuscles
               we
               speak
               of
               ,
               are
               ,
               by
               their
               minuteness
               ,
               assisted
               ,
               and
               oftentimes
               by
               their
               figure
               inabled
               ,
               to
               pierce
               into
               the
               innermost
               recesses
               of
               the
               body
               they
               invade
               ,
               and
               distribute
               themselves
               to
               all
               ,
               or
               at
               least
               to
               multitudes
               of
               the
               minute
               parts
               ,
               whereof
               that
               body
               consists
               .
               For
               this
               being
               granted
               ,
               though
               we
               suppose
               each
               single
               effluvium
               or
               particle
               to
               be
               very
               minute
               ;
               yet
               ,
               since
               we
               may
               suppose
               ,
               even
               solid
               bodies
               to
               be
               made
               up
               of
               particles
               that
               are
               so
               too
               ,
               and
               the
               number
               of
               invading
               particles
               
               to
               be
               not
               much
               inferior
               to
               that
               of
               the
               invaded
               ones
               ,
               or
               at
               least
               to
               be
               exceedingly
               great
               ,
               it
               need
               not
               seem
               incredible
               ,
               that
               a
               multitude
               of
               little
               Corpuscles
               in
               motion
               (
               whose
               motion
               ,
               may
               ,
               for
               ought
               we
               know
               ,
               be
               very
               swift
               )
               should
               be
               able
               to
               have
               a
               considerable
               operation
               upon
               particles
               either
               quiescent
               ,
               or
               that
               have
               a
               motion
               too
               slow
               to
               be
               perceptible
               by
               sense
               .
               Which
               may
               perhaps
               be
               the
               better
               conceived
               by
               the
               help
               of
               this
               gross
               example
               :
            
             
               If
               you
               turn
               an
               Ant-hill
               well
               stocked
               with
               Ants-eggs
               ,
               upside
               down
               ,
               you
               may
               sometimes
               see
               such
               a
               heap
               of
               eggs
               mingled
               with
               the
               loose
               earth
               ,
               as
               a
               few
               of
               those
               Insects
               ,
               if
               they
               were
               yoaked
               together
               ,
               would
               not
               be
               able
               at
               once
               to
               draw
               after
               them
               ;
               but
               if
               good
               numbers
               of
               them
               disperse
               themselves
               and
               range
               up
               and
               down
               ,
               and
               each
               lay
               hold
               of
               her
               own
               egge
               ,
               and
               hurry
               it
               away
               ,
               't
               is
               somewhat
               surprizing
               to
               see
               (
               as
               I
               have
               with
               pleasure
               done
               )
               how
               quickly
               the
               heap
               of
               eggs
               will
               be
               displaced
               ,
               when
               almost
               every
               little
               egge
               has
               
               one
               of
               those
               little
               Insects
               to
               deal
               with
               it
               .
            
             
               And
               in
               those
               cases
               ,
               wherein
               the
               invading
               Fluid
               does
               not
               quite
               disjoin
               and
               carry
               off
               any
               great
               number
               of
               the
               parts
               of
               the
               body
               it
               invades
               ,
               its
               operation
               may
               be
               illustrated
               by
               that
               of
               the
               wind
               upon
               a
               tree
               in
               Autumn
               :
               for
               ,
               it
               finds
               or
               makes
               it self
               multitudes
               of
               passages
               ,
               for
               the
               most
               part
               crooked
               ,
               not
               onely
               between
               the
               branches
               and
               twigs
               ,
               but
               the
               leaves
               and
               fruits
               ,
               and
               in
               its
               passing
               from
               the
               one
               side
               to
               the
               other
               of
               the
               tree
               ,
               it
               does
               not
               onely
               variously
               bend
               the
               more
               flexible
               boughs
               and
               twigs
               ,
               and
               perhaps
               make
               them
               grate
               upon
               one
               another
               ,
               but
               it
               breaks
               off
               some
               of
               the
               stalks
               of
               the
               fruit
               ,
               and
               makes
               them
               fall
               to
               the
               ground
               ,
               and
               withall
               carries
               off
               divers
               of
               the
               leaves
               ,
               that
               grew
               the
               least
               firmly
               on
               ,
               and
               in
               its
               passage
               does
               by
               its
               differing
               parts
               act
               upon
               a
               multitude
               of
               leaves
               all
               at
               once
               ,
               and
               variously
               alters
               their
               situation
               .
            
             
               But
               to
               come
               to
               closer
               Instances
               :
               
               suppose
               we
               cast
               two
               lumps
               ,
               the
               one
               of
               Sugar
               ,
               the
               other
               of
               Amber
               ,
               into
               a
               glass
               of
               beer
               or
               water
               ,
               they
               will
               both
               fall
               presently
               to
               the
               bottom
               .
               And
               though
               perhaps
               the
               Amber
               may
               be
               lighter
               than
               the
               Sugar
               ,
               (
               for
               ,
               I
               have
               found
               a
               notable
               difference
               in
               the
               specific
               gravity
               of
               pieces
               of
               Amber
               ,
               )
               yet
               the
               aqueous
               particles
               are
               far
               from
               being
               able
               to
               displace
               the
               Amber
               or
               any
               sensible
               part
               of
               it
               ,
               or
               exercise
               any
               visible
               operation
               upon
               it
               :
               But
               the
               same
               minute
               particles
               of
               the
               liquor
               being
               of
               a
               figure
               that
               fits
               them
               to
               insinuate
               themselves
               every
               way
               into
               the
               pores
               of
               the
               Sugar
               ,
               though
               the
               lump
               consisted
               of
               very
               numerous
               Saccharine
               Corpuscles
               ,
               yet
               the
               multitude
               of
               the
               aqueous
               particles
               ,
               to
               which
               they
               are
               accessible
               ,
               is
               able
               in
               no
               long
               time
               to
               disperse
               them
               all
               ,
               and
               carrying
               them
               along
               with
               themselves
               ,
               make
               the
               whole
               lump
               of
               Sugar
               in
               a
               short
               time
               quite
               disappear
               .
            
             
               The
               point
               above
               discoursed
               of
               ,
               may
               be
               more
               nimbly
               exemplified
               in
               some
               Chymical
               operations
               ,
               and
               particularly
               
               in
               this
               .
               If
               ,
               by
               a
               due
               degree
               of
               fire
               ,
               you
               abstract
               from
               running
               Mercury
               four
               or
               five
               times
               its
               weight
               of
               good
               Oil
               of
               Vitriol
               ,
               there
               will
               remain
               at
               the
               bottom
               a
               dry
               and
               brittle
               substance
               exceeding
               white
               ;
               and
               ,
               if
               upon
               this
               Heap
               of
               Mercurial
               and
               Saline
               bodies
               ,
               which
               sometimes
               may
               be
               coherent
               enough
               ,
               you
               pour
               a
               good
               quantity
               of
               limpid
               water
               ,
               and
               shake
               them
               together
               ,
               you
               may
               see
               in
               a
               trice
               the
               multitude
               of
               little
               white
               grains
               ,
               that
               make
               up
               the
               masse
               ,
               pervaded
               ,
               and
               manifestly
               altered
               ,
               by
               the
               dispersed
               Corpuscles
               of
               the
               water
               ;
               as
               will
               plainly
               appear
               by
               the
               change
               of
               the
               Calx
               or
               Precipitate
               from
               a
               white
               masse
               into
               one
               of
               a
               fine
               Limon-colour
               .
            
             
               But
               to
               give
               instances
               in
               Fluid
               bodies
               ,
               (
               which
               I
               suppose
               you
               will
               think
               far
               the
               more
               difficult
               part
               of
               my
               task
               ,
               )
               though
               you
               will
               easily
               grant
               ,
               that
               the
               flame
               of
               Spirit
               of
               wine
               ,
               that
               will
               burn
               all
               away
               is
               but
               a
               visible
               aggregate
               of
               such
               E●●luvia
               swiftly
               agitated
               ,
               as
               without
               ●●y
               sensible
               Heat
               
               would
               of
               themselves
               invisibly
               exhale
               away
               ;
               yet
               ,
               if
               you
               be
               pleased
               to
               hold
               the
               blade
               of
               a
               knife
               ,
               or
               a
               thin
               plate
               of
               Copper
               ,
               but
               for
               a
               very
               few
               minutes
               ,
               in
               the
               flame
               of
               pure
               Spirit
               of
               wine
               ,
               you
               will
               quickly
               be
               able
               to
               discern
               by
               the
               great
               Heat
               ,
               that
               is
               ,
               the
               various
               and
               vehement
               agitation
               of
               the
               minute
               Corpuscles
               of
               the
               metal
               ,
               what
               a
               number
               of
               them
               must
               have
               been
               fiercely
               agitated
               by
               the
               pervasion
               of
               the
               igneous
               particles
               ,
               if
               we
               suppose
               ,
               (
               what
               is
               highly
               probable
               ,
               )
               that
               they
               did
               materially
               penetrate
               into
               the
               innermost
               parts
               of
               the
               metall
               ;
               and
               whether
               we
               suppose
               this
               or
               no
               ,
               it
               will
               ,
               by
               our
               experiment
               ,
               appear
               ,
               that
               so
               fluid
               and
               yielding
               a
               body
               ,
               as
               the
               flame
               of
               Spirit
               of
               wine
               ,
               is
               able
               ,
               almost
               in
               a
               trice
               ,
               to
               act
               very
               powerfully
               upon
               the
               hardest
               metalls
               .
            
             
               The
               power
               of
               extreamly-minute
               parts
               of
               a
               fluid
               body
               ,
               even
               when
               but
               in
               a
               moderate
               number
               they
               are
               determined
               to
               conspire
               to
               the
               same
               operation
               ,
               may
               be
               estimated
               by
               the
               
               motions
               of
               Animals
               ,
               especially
               of
               the
               larger
               and
               more
               bulky
               sorts
               ,
               as
               Horses
               ,
               Bulls
               ,
               Rhinocerots
               and
               Elephants
               .
               For
               ,
               though
               the
               animal
               spirits
               be
               minute
               enough
               to
               be
               invisible
               ,
               and
               to
               flow
               through
               such
               tender
               passages
               ,
               that
               prying
               Anatomists
               have
               not
               been
               able
               in
               dissected
               Nerves
               to
               discern
               so
               much
               as
               the
               channels
               through
               which
               they
               pass
               ;
               yet
               those
               Invisible
               Spirits
               ,
               conveyed
               (
               or
               impelled
               )
               from
               the
               Brain
               to
               the
               Nerves
               ,
               serve
               to
               move
               in
               various
               manners
               the
               Lims
               ,
               and
               even
               the
               unwieldy
               bodies
               themselves
               of
               the
               greatest
               Animals
               ,
               and
               to
               carry
               them
               on
               in
               a
               progressive
               motion
               for
               many
               hours
               together
               ,
               and
               perhaps
               enable
               them
               to
               spring
               into
               the
               Air
               ,
               and
               move
               through
               it
               by
               leaping
               ;
               though
               divers
               of
               these
               Animals
               weigh
               many
               hundred
               ,
               and
               others
               several
               thousand
               of
               pounds
               .
            
             
               I
               will
               not
               here
               consider
               ,
               whether
               the
               following
               Experiment
               may
               at
               all
               illustrate
               Motions
               that
               are
               produced
               by
               the
               fluid
               parts
               of
               Animals
               in
               some
               
               of
               the
               consistent
               ones
               :
               But
               I
               presume
               ,
               it
               may
               confirm
               the
               Observation
               maintained
               in
               this
               Chapter
               ,
               if
               I
               add
               ,
               what
               I
               have
               tried
               of
               the
               considerable
               force
               of
               a
               number
               of
               aqueous
               particles
               ,
               as
               flexible
               and
               as
               languid
               as
               they
               are
               thought
               to
               be
               ,
               insinuating
               themselves
               into
               the
               pores
               or
               Intervals
               of
               a
               rope
               that
               was
               not
               thick
               .
               For
               in
               moist
               weather
               I
               sometimes
               observed
               ,
               that
               the
               aqueous
               and
               other
               humid
               particles
               ,
               swimming
               in
               the
               air
               ,
               entering
               the
               pores
               of
               the
               hemp
               in
               great
               numbers
               ,
               were
               able
               to
               make
               it
               shrink
               ,
               though
               a
               weight
               of
               fifty
               ,
               sixty
               ,
               or
               even
               more
               pounds
               of
               lead
               were
               tied
               at
               the
               end
               to
               hinder
               its
               contraction
               ,
               as
               appeared
               by
               the
               weights
               visibly
               being
               raised
               in
               wet
               weather
               above
               the
               place
               it
               rested
               at
               in
               dry
               .
            
             
               But
               to
               return
               to
               what
               I
               was
               formerly
               speaking
               of
               the
               Determination
               of
               the
               motion
               of
               Fluids
               ;
               I
               shall
               ,
               on
               this
               occasion
               ,
               observe
               ,
               that
               ,
               though
               the
               wind
               or
               breath
               ,
               that
               is
               blown
               out
               at
               a
               small
               crooked
               pipe
               of
               metal
               or
               glass
               ,
               such
               as
               Tradesmen
               for
               its
               
               use
               call
               a
               Blow-pipe
               ,
               seems
               not
               to
               have
               any
               great
               celerity
               ,
               especially
               in
               comparison
               of
               that
               of
               the
               parts
               of
               flame
               ;
               and
               is
               it self
               of
               little
               force
               ;
               yet
               ,
               when
               by
               this
               wind
               the
               flame
               of
               a
               Lamp
               or
               Candle
               is
               directed
               so
               as
               to
               beat
               with
               its
               point
               upon
               a
               body
               held
               at
               a
               convenient
               distance
               from
               the
               side
               of
               the
               flame
               ,
               the
               burning
               fluid
               ,
               determined
               ,
               and
               perhaps
               excited
               by
               this
               wind
               ,
               acquires
               so
               great
               a
               force
               ,
               that
               ,
               as
               we
               have
               often
               tried
               ,
               it
               may
               be
               made
               ,
               in
               a
               few
               minutes
               ,
               to
               melt
               not
               onely
               the
               more
               fusible
               Metals
               ,
               but
               silver
               ,
               or
               even
               copper
               it self
               ;
               which
               yet
               may
               be
               kept
               for
               many
               hours
               unmelted
               in
               a
               Crucible
               kept
               red-hot
               ,
               or
               even
               in
               the
               flame
               of
               the
               Lamp
               or
               Candle
               ,
               unassisted
               by
               the
               blast
               .
            
             
               And
               if
               we
               can
               so
               contrive
               it
               ,
               that
               a
               flame
               does
               not
               come
               to
               invade
               onely
               the
               surface
               that
               invests
               a
               body
               ,
               but
               comes
               to
               be
               intermingled
               with
               the
               smaller
               (
               though
               not
               the
               smallest
               )
               parts
               it
               consists
               of
               ,
               as
               with
               its
               filings
               or
               its
               powder
               ;
               the
               flame
               will
               then
               have
               a
               far
               more
               quick
               and
               powerfull
               
               operation
               than
               the
               body
               exposed
               to
               it
               .
               This
               I
               exemplify
               (
               in
               other
               Papers
               )
               and
               in
               this
               place
               it
               may
               suffice
               to
               observe
               ,
               that
               ,
               whereas
               a
               pound
               or
               two
               of
               Tartar
               may
               cost
               you
               some
               hours
               to
               calcine
               it
               to
               whiteness
               ,
               if
               the
               flame
               have
               immediate
               access
               onely
               to
               the
               outward
               parts
               ;
               you
               may
               calcine
               it
               in
               a
               very
               small
               part
               of
               that
               time
               ,
               if
               ,
               mixing
               with
               its
               gross
               powder
               an
               equal
               weight
               of
               good
               Salt-peter
               ,
               you
               fire
               the
               mixture
               ,
               and
               keep
               it
               stirring
               ,
               that
               the
               parts
               of
               the
               kindled
               Nitre
               may
               have
               access
               at
               once
               to
               very
               many
               parts
               of
               the
               Tartar
               ,
               and
               have
               opportunity
               to
               calcine
               them
               .
               And
               by
               somewhat
               a
               like
               artifice
               ,
               I
               elsewhere
               teach
               ,
               how
               Nitre
               it self
               may
               without
               Tartar
               be
               speedily
               reduced
               to
               a
               Calcinatum
               ,
               not
               unlike
               that
               newly
               mentioned
               .
               But
               it
               may
               be
               said
               ,
               that
               some
               of
               the
               foregoing
               Instances
               (
               for
               it
               cannot
               be
               truly
               said
               of
               all
               )
               may
               indeed
               illustrate
               what
               we
               are
               discoursing
               of
               ,
               but
               will
               not
               reach
               home
               to
               our
               purpose
               .
            
             
               I
               shall
               therefore
               consider
               the
               
               Load-stone
               ,
               which
               you
               acknowledge
               to
               act
               by
               the
               emission
               of
               Insensible
               particles
               .
               For
               ,
               though
               Iron
               and
               Steel
               be
               solid
               and
               ponderous
               bodies
               ,
               and
               Magnetical
               effluvia
               be
               corpuscles
               so
               very
               minute
               ,
               that
               they
               readily
               get
               in
               at
               the
               pores
               of
               all
               kind
               of
               bodies
               ,
               and
               even
               of
               Glass
               it self
               ;
               yet
               these
               Magnetical
               effluvia
               ,
               entring
               the
               steel
               in
               swarms
               ,
               do
               in
               a
               trice
               pervade
               it
               ,
               and
               a
               multitude
               even
               of
               Them
               ,
               acting
               upon
               the
               Corpuscles
               of
               the
               metal
               ,
               do
               operate
               so
               violently
               on
               them
               ,
               that
               ,
               if
               the
               Load-stone
               be
               vigorous
               enough
               ,
               and
               well
               capped
               ,
               it
               will
               attract
               a
               notable
               proportion
               of
               steel
               ,
               and
               surmount
               the
               gravity
               of
               that
               solid
               metal
               ,
               which
               I
               have
               found
               to
               exceed
               ,
               when
               the
               stone
               has
               been
               very
               good
               and
               little
               ,
               above
               fifty
               times
               the
               weight
               of
               the
               Magnet
               by
               whose
               effluvia
               it
               was
               supported
               :
               For
               ,
               to
               these
               I
               rather
               ascribe
               Magnetical
               attraction
               and
               sustentation
               ,
               than
               to
               the
               impulse
               or
               pressure
               of
               the
               ambient
               air
               ,
               to
               which
               many
               Corpuscularians
               have
               recourse
               ;
               because
               I
               have
               found
               by
               trial
               (
               which
               
               I
               elsewhere
               relate
               )
               that
               the
               pressure
               of
               the
               ambient
               air
               is
               not
               absolutely
               necessary
               to
               Magnetical
               operations
               .
            
             
               I
               remember
               ,
               that
               ,
               to
               help
               some
               friends
               to
               conceive
               ,
               how
               such
               extreamly-minute
               particles
               as
               Magnetical
               effluvia
               ,
               may
               ,
               by
               pervading
               a
               hard
               and
               solid
               body
               ,
               such
               as
               Iron
               ,
               put
               its
               insensible
               Corpuscles
               into
               motion
               ,
               and
               thereby
               range
               them
               in
               a
               new
               manner
               ,
               I
               took
               filings
               of
               Steel
               or
               Iron
               freshly
               made
               ,
               that
               the
               Magnetical
               virtue
               might
               not
               be
               diminished
               by
               any
               rust
               ,
               and
               having
               laid
               them
               in
               a
               little
               heap
               upon
               a
               piece
               of
               paper
               held
               level
               ,
               I
               applied
               to
               the
               lower
               side
               of
               the
               paper
               ,
               just
               beneath
               the
               Heap
               ,
               the
               pole
               of
               a
               vigorous
               Load-stone
               ,
               whose
               Emissions
               traversing
               the
               paper
               ,
               and
               diffusing
               themselves
               through
               the
               incumbent
               metall
               ,
               did
               in
               a
               trice
               manifestly
               alter
               the
               appearance
               of
               the
               Heap
               ;
               and
               ,
               though
               each
               of
               the
               filings
               might
               probably
               contain
               a
               multitude
               of
               such
               small
               Martiall
               Corpuscles
               as
               Steel
               may
               be
               divided
               into
               by
               Oil
               of
               Vitriol
               or
               Spirit
               of
               Salt
               ;
               yet
               the
               Magnetical
               
               effluvia
               ,
               immediately
               pervading
               our
               metalline
               heap
               ,
               did
               so
               remove
               a
               good
               part
               of
               the
               filings
               that
               composed
               it
               ,
               as
               to
               produce
               many
               erected
               aggregates
               ,
               each
               of
               which
               consisted
               of
               several
               filings
               placed
               one
               above
               another
               ,
               and
               appearing
               like
               little
               needles
               ,
               or
               rather
               like
               the
               ends
               of
               needles
               broken
               off
               at
               some
               distance
               from
               the
               point
               .
               And
               as
               these
               little
               temporary
               needles
               stood
               all
               of
               them
               erected
               (
               though
               more
               or
               less
               ,
               according
               to
               their
               distance
               from
               the
               Pole
               of
               the
               Magnet
               )
               upon
               the
               flat
               paper
               ;
               so
               they
               would
               ,
               without
               losing
               their
               figure
               or
               connexion
               ,
               be
               made
               as
               it
               were
               to
               run
               to
               and
               fro
               upon
               the
               paper
               ,
               according
               as
               the
               Load-stone
               ,
               that
               was
               held
               underneath
               it
               ,
               was
               moved
               this
               way
               and
               that
               way
               ;
               and
               as
               soon
               as
               that
               was
               taken
               quite
               away
               ,
               all
               this
               little
               stand
               of
               pikes
               (
               if
               I
               may
               so
               call
               it
               )
               would
               (
               almost
               in
               the
               twinkling
               of
               an
               eye
               )
               relapse
               into
               a
               confused
               heap
               of
               filings
               .
            
             
               There
               are
               two
               ways
               of
               explicating
               the
               turning
               of
               Water
               into
               Ice
               ;
               one
               
               or
               other
               of
               which
               is
               approved
               almost
               by
               all
               the
               Corpuscularian
               Philosophers
               .
               The
               first
               is
               that
               of
               the
               Cartesians
               ,
               who
               give
               an
               account
               of
               Glaciation
               by
               the
               recesse
               of
               the
               less
               subtile
               particles
               of
               the
               Etherial
               matter
               ,
               without
               which
               the
               finer
               parts
               were
               too
               small
               and
               feeble
               to
               keep
               the
               Eel-like
               particles
               of
               water
               flexible
               ,
               and
               in
               the
               form
               of
               a
               liquour
               .
               The
               Atomists
               on
               the
               other
               side
               ascribe
               the
               freezing
               of
               water
               to
               the
               ingress
               of
               multitudes
               of
               frigorifick
               Corpuscles
               ,
               as
               they
               call
               them
               ,
               which
               ,
               entering
               the
               water
               in
               swarms
               ,
               and
               dispersing
               themselves
               through
               it
               ,
               crowd
               into
               the
               pores
               ,
               and
               hinder
               the
               wonted
               motion
               of
               its
               parts
               ,
               wedging
               themselves
               (
               if
               I
               may
               so
               speak
               )
               together
               with
               them
               into
               a
               compact
               body
               .
               But
               which
               soever
               of
               these
               two
               Hypotheses
               be
               pitched
               upon
               ,
               the
               Phaenomenon
               it self
               will
               afford
               me
               a
               notable
               Instance
               to
               my
               present
               purpose
               .
               For
               ,
               the
               Particles
               of
               water
               ,
               and
               much
               more
               the
               Corpuscles
               of
               cold
               ,
               are
               confessed
               to
               be
               singly
               too
               small
               to
               be
               
               visible
               ,
               and
               their
               motions
               are
               not
               said
               to
               be
               swift
               ,
               but
               may
               rather
               be
               judged
               to
               be
               slow
               enough
               ;
               and
               yet
               those
               minute
               aqueous
               ,
               or
               more
               minute
               frigorifick
               particles
               ,
               because
               of
               their
               number
               ,
               produce
               in
               the
               glaciation
               of
               the
               liquour
               so
               forcible
               a
               motion
               outwards
               ,
               as
               to
               make
               it
               break
               bottles
               ,
               not
               onely
               of
               glass
               and
               earth
               strongly
               baked
               ,
               but
               ,
               as
               I
               have
               several
               times
               tried
               ,
               of
               metal
               it self
               ,
               that
               being
               full
               of
               the
               liquour
               were
               firmly
               stopped
               before
               the
               supervening
               of
               the
               Cold.
               And
               the
               expansive
               endeavour
               of
               freezing
               water
               is
               not
               onely
               capable
               of
               doing
               this
               ,
               but
               of
               performing
               so
               much
               greater
               things
               ,
               which
               I
               elsewhere
               relate
               ,
               that
               my
               trials
               have
               made
               me
               sometimes
               doubt
               ,
               whether
               we
               know
               any
               thing
               in
               nature
               ,
               except
               kindled
               Gunpowder
               ,
               that
               bulk
               for
               bulk
               moves
               more
               forcibly
               ,
               though
               the
               motion
               seems
               to
               be
               very
               slow
               .
            
          
           
             
             
               CHAP.
               V.
               (
               Of
               the
               Propagable
               Nature
               of
               Motion
               .
               )
            
             
               
                 
                   Observat
                   .
                   IV.
                
                 Men
                 are
                 not
                 sufficiently
                 aware
                 ,
                 how
                 propagable
                 Local
                 Motion
                 is
                 ,
                 even
                 through
                 differing
                 Mediums
                 ,
                 and
                 Solid
                 bodies
                 .
              
            
             
               THere
               are
               four
               principal
               Occasions
               on
               which
               I
               have
               observed
               ,
               that
               men
               are
               wont
               to
               think
               the
               Communicating
               of
               Motion
               much
               more
               difficult
               than
               indeed
               it
               is
               .
            
             
               And
               first
               ,
               there
               are
               many
               ,
               that
               observing
               how
               usually
               those
               bodies
               that
               hit
               against
               hard
               ones
               rebound
               from
               them
               ,
               easily
               perswade
               themselves
               ,
               that
               Motion
               can
               scarce
               be
               transmitted
               or
               diffused
               through
               Solid
               bodies
               .
               But
               though
               it
               be
               true
               ,
               that
               oftentimes
               in
               such
               cases
               the
               progressive
               motion
               of
               the
               body
               or
               the
               
               Solid
               ,
               that
               is
               struck
               or
               impelled
               ,
               be
               either
               inconsiderable
               ,
               or
               ,
               perhaps
               ,
               not
               so
               much
               as
               sensible
               ;
               yet
               the
               impulse
               may
               make
               a
               considerable
               impression
               ,
               and
               may
               be
               communicated
               to
               a
               great
               share
               of
               the
               particles
               of
               that
               matter
               ,
               whereof
               the
               solid
               mass
               consists
               ;
               as
               we
               see
               in
               the
               striking
               of
               a
               timber-beam
               at
               one
               end
               ,
               the
               motion
               ,
               though
               perhaps
               it
               were
               not
               strong
               at
               the
               first
               ,
               may
               become
               sensible
               at
               the
               other
               .
               Though
               Bell-metal
               be
               so
               hard
               a
               body
               ,
               that
               it
               is
               reckoned
               harder
               than
               iron
               it-self
               ,
               insomuch
               that
               oftentimes
               it
               resists
               even
               files
               of
               Steel
               ,
               which
               readily
               work
               on
               Iron
               ;
               yet
               this
               solidity
               hinders
               not
               but
               that
               ,
               as
               I
               have
               found
               ,
               conveniently
               shaped
               vessels
               of
               Bell-metal
               ,
               though
               thick
               ,
               will
               be
               sensibly
               affected
               by
               a
               motion
               that
               neither
               is
               strong
               ,
               nor
               touches
               them
               in
               more
               than
               a
               short
               line
               ,
               or
               perhaps
               than
               a
               Physical
               point
               .
               The
               truth
               of
               this
               I
               have
               found
               by
               trial
               on
               more
               than
               one
               such
               vessels
               and
               particularly
               on
               one
               that
               was
               hemisphaerical
               ,
               which
               being
               placed
               or
               held
               in
               a
               convenient
               
               posture
               ,
               if
               I
               did
               but
               gently
               pass
               the
               point
               of
               a
               pin
               for
               a
               little
               way
               along
               the
               brim
               of
               it
               ,
               it
               would
               sensibly
               resound
               ,
               and
               that
               (
               to
               a
               very
               attentive
               ear
               )
               so
               long
               ,
               and
               in
               such
               a
               ringing
               manner
               ,
               as
               made
               it
               highly
               probable
               ,
               that
               the
               parts
               ,
               immediately
               touched
               (
               and
               not
               so
               much
               as
               scratched
               )
               by
               the
               point
               of
               a
               pin
               ,
               were
               not
               onely
               put
               into
               a
               vibrating
               motion
               themselves
               ,
               but
               were
               enabled
               to
               communicate
               it
               to
               those
               that
               were
               next
               them
               ,
               and
               they
               to
               those
               that
               were
               contiguous
               to
               them
               ;
               and
               so
               the
               tremulous
               motion
               was
               propagated
               quite
               round
               the
               bell
               ,
               and
               made
               divers
               successive
               Circulations
               before
               it
               quite
               ceased
               to
               be
               audible
               .
               And
               if
               ,
               in
               stead
               of
               drawing
               a
               Line
               on
               the
               brim
               of
               the
               vessel
               ,
               I
               struck
               it
               ,
               though
               but
               faintly
               ,
               with
               the
               point
               of
               a
               pin
               ,
               though
               the
               part
               immediately
               touched
               would
               be
               but
               a
               physical
               point
               ,
               yet
               the
               motion
               would
               be
               ,
               like
               the
               former
               ,
               propagated
               several
               times
               quite
               round
               ;
               as
               was
               argued
               by
               the
               ringing
               and
               duration
               of
               the
               produced
               sound
               ,
               though
               this
               
               metalline
               vessel
               were
               seven
               inches
               in
               Diameter
               ,
               and
               of
               a
               considerable
               thickness
               .
               Nor
               was
               a
               solidity
               like
               that
               of
               Brass
               requisite
               to
               produce
               these
               effects
               .
               For
               I
               found
               them
               to
               insue
               much
               after
               the
               same
               manner
               ,
               when
               I
               employed
               onely
               a
               short
               and
               slender
               thread
               of
               Glass
               ,
               which
               though
               little
               ,
               if
               at
               all
               ,
               thicker
               than
               a
               pin
               ,
               was
               yet
               hollow
               quite
               through
               .
               Now
               if
               it
               be
               true
               ,
               as
               't
               is
               highly
               probable
               ,
               that
               Sound
               ,
               as
               it
               belongs
               to
               the
               air
               ,
               consists
               in
               an
               undulating
               motion
               of
               the
               Air
               ,
               and
               so
               in
               our
               case
               requires
               a
               vibrating
               motion
               in
               the
               sonorous
               body
               to
               impart
               that
               motion
               to
               the
               Air
               ;
               we
               must
               grant
               in
               our
               Instances
               a
               wonderfull
               propagableness
               of
               motion
               ,
               even
               when
               't
               is
               not
               violent
               ,
               in
               Solid
               bodies
               themselves
               ;
               since
               the
               point
               of
               a
               pin
               ,
               gently
               striking
               a
               part
               ,
               no
               bigger
               than
               it self
               ,
               of
               a
               mass
               of
               very
               solid
               metal
               ,
               could
               thereby
               communicate
               a
               sensible
               motion
               ,
               and
               that
               several
               times
               circulated
               ,
               to
               millions
               of
               parts
               equall
               to
               it
               in
               bulk
               ,
               and
               much
               exceeding
               it
               in
               hardness
               .
               And
               since
               
               the
               effect
               was
               more
               considerable
               ,
               when
               the
               trial
               was
               made
               in
               a
               much
               greater
               ,
               than
               in
               a
               smaller
               vessel
               ;
               't
               is
               probable
               ,
               that
               ,
               if
               I
               had
               had
               the
               opportunity
               of
               experimenting
               on
               a
               large
               and
               well-hung
               Bell
               ,
               the
               Phaenomenon
               would
               have
               been
               more
               notable
               ;
               as
               it
               also
               seemed
               to
               be
               on
               our
               vessel
               ,
               if
               ,
               in
               stead
               of
               striking
               it
               with
               the
               point
               of
               a
               pin
               ,
               we
               cast
               ,
               though
               but
               faintly
               ,
               against
               the
               lower
               part
               of
               it
               a
               grain
               of
               shot
               ,
               less
               than
               a
               small
               pins-head
               ,
               or
               let
               a
               little
               grain
               fall
               ,
               from
               about
               one
               foot
               high
               ,
               upon
               the
               inside
               of
               the
               inverted
               Hemisphere
               .
               And
               to
               shew
               ,
               that
               even
               soft
               and
               yielding
               bodies
               ,
               and
               but
               faintly
               moved
               ,
               are
               not
               to
               be
               excluded
               from
               a
               power
               of
               putting
               such
               hard
               ones
               into
               motion
               ;
               I
               shall
               add
               ,
               that
               I
               found
               almost
               the
               like
               effects
               to
               those
               above
               mentioned
               ,
               by
               passing
               the
               pulp
               of
               my
               finger
               a
               little
               way
               along
               the
               lower
               part
               of
               the
               vessel
               .
               Nay
               ,
               that
               fluid
               bodies
               themselves
               may
               communicate
               such
               an
               intestine
               and
               propagable
               motion
               ,
               to
               harden
               solid
               ones
               ,
               I
               may
               have
               hereafter
               
               an
               occasion
               to
               shew
               by
               the
               effects
               of
               a
               small
               Flame
               ,
               and
               the
               Sun-beams
               on
               glass
               and
               steel
               .
               And
               I
               shall
               here
               on
               this
               occasion
               add
               this
               word
               about
               the
               Propagation
               of
               Motion
               produced
               in
               solid
               bodies
               by
               heat
               ,
               that
               it
               much
               depends
               upon
               the
               particular
               Textures
               of
               the
               bodies
               .
               For
               I
               found
               ,
               that
               when
               I
               heated
               a
               piece
               of
               glass
               or
               of
               a
               fire-stone
               ,
               I
               could
               without
               inconvenience
               hold
               my
               naked
               hand
               upon
               parts
               that
               were
               very
               near
               (
               suppose
               within
               an
               inch
               off
               )
               the
               ignited
               portions
               of
               them
               .
               But
               ,
               if
               we
               take
               a
               rod
               of
               Iron
               ,
               for
               instance
               ,
               and
               heat
               one
               end
               red-hot
               ,
               the
               heat
               of
               that
               end
               will
               be
               so
               propagated
               towards
               the
               other
               ,
               that
               it
               will
               offend
               one's
               hand
               at
               several
               times
               the
               distance
               ,
               at
               which
               one
               might
               conveniently
               hold
               the
               rod
               ,
               if
               it
               were
               of
               glass
               .
            
             
               In
               many
               buildings
               it
               may
               be
               observed
               ,
               (
               and
               is
               thought
               a
               sign
               of
               the
               firm
               Cohesion
               of
               their
               parts
               ,
               )
               that
               a
               stamp
               of
               one's
               foot
               ,
               nay
               or
               bare
               treading
               ,
               or
               some
               such
               other
               lesse
               brisk
               impulse
               ,
               made
               in
               one
               room
               ,
               
               will
               have
               a
               sensible
               effect
               in
               all
               or
               most
               of
               the
               others
               .
               And
               it
               often
               happens
               ,
               that
               ,
               by
               the
               hasty
               shutting
               of
               a
               door
               ,
               the
               whole
               house
               is
               made
               to
               tremble
               ;
               whence
               we
               may
               argue
               ,
               that
               ,
               even
               among
               solid
               bodies
               ,
               motion
               made
               in
               one
               place
               may
               be
               readily
               propagated
               to
               many
               others
               :
               And
               if
               ,
               as
               to
               the
               latter
               of
               the
               Instances
               ,
               the
               sudden
               impulse
               and
               compression
               of
               the
               Air
               ,
               made
               by
               the
               door
               supposed
               to
               be
               hastily
               shut
               ,
               have
               any
               considerable
               share
               in
               the
               effect
               ,
               the
               Phaenomenon
               will
               serve
               to
               shew
               the
               efficacy
               even
               of
               such
               a
               motion
               of
               a
               fluid
               body
               ,
               as
               we
               cannot
               directly
               feel
               upon
               divers
               large
               and
               firmly
               connected
               solid
               bodies
               .
            
             
               In
               Earthquakes
               the
               tremulous
               motion
               sometimes
               extends
               so
               very
               far
               ,
               that
               ,
               though
               it
               seems
               highly
               probable
               ,
               that
               the
               shake
               that
               is
               given
               to
               one
               part
               of
               the
               Earth
               by
               the
               firing
               and
               explosion
               of
               subterraneal
               exhalations
               ,
               (
               if
               that
               be
               the
               true
               and
               onely
               cause
               of
               Earthquakes
               )
               is
               not
               capable
               of
               reaching
               near
               so
               far
               as
               divers
               
               Earthquakes
               have
               done
               ,
               but
               that
               the
               fire
               passes
               through
               some
               little
               subterraneal
               clefts
               ,
               or
               channels
               ,
               or
               hidden
               conveyances
               ,
               from
               one
               great
               Cavity
               or
               Mine
               to
               another
               ;
               yet
               't
               is
               not
               improbable
               but
               that
               the
               vehemently
               tremulous
               motion
               does
               oftentimes
               reach
               a
               very
               great
               way
               beyond
               the
               places
               where
               the
               explosions
               were
               made
               .
               Since
               ,
               though
               Seneca
               would
               confine
               the
               extent
               of
               
               Earthquakes
               to
               two
               hundred
               miles
               ,
               yet
               observations
               made
               in
               this
               and
               the
               last
               Century
               warrant
               us
               to
               allow
               them
               a
               far
               greater
               spread
               .
               The
               Learned
               
               
                 Josephus
                 Acosta
              
               affirms
               ,
               that
               in
               the
               Kingdom
               of
               Peru
               in
               the
               year
               1586
               an
               Earthquake
               reached
               along
               the
               shoar
               of
               the
               Pacifick
               sea
               160
               Leagues
               ;
               and
               adds
               ,
               that
               sometimes
               it
               has
               in
               those
               parts
               run
               on
               from
               South
               to
               North
               300
               Leagues
               .
               And
               in
               the
               beginning
               of
               this
               our
               age
               (
               
                 Anno
                 Dom.
              
               1601
               )
               good
               writers
               relate
               a
               much
               larger
               Earthquake
               to
               have
               happened
               ,
               since
               it
               reached
               from
               
               Asia
               to
               that
               Sea
               that
               washes
               the
               French
               Shoars
               ,
               and
               ,
               besides
               some
               Asiatick
               Regions
               ,
               shook
               
                 Hungary
                 ,
                 Germany
                 ,
                 Italy
              
               and
               France
               ,
               and
               consequently
               a
               great
               part
               of
               Europe
               .
               And
               if
               that
               part
               of
               the
               Narrative
               be
               certain
               ,
               which
               relates
               ,
               that
               this
               lasted
               not
               much
               above
               a
               quarter
               of
               an
               hour
               ,
               it
               will
               be
               the
               more
               likely
               ,
               that
               this
               Earthquake
               shook
               great
               Tracts
               of
               Land
               beyond
               those
               places
               ,
               to
               which
               the
               fired
               matter
               ,
               passing
               from
               one
               cavity
               to
               another
               ,
               could
               reach
               in
               so
               short
               a
               time
               :
               As
               you
               will
               the
               more
               easily
               guesse
               ,
               if
               you
               try
               ,
               as
               I
               have
               done
               ,
               that
               in
               trains
               of
               Gunpowder
               it self
               the
               fire
               does
               not
               run
               on
               near
               so
               swiftly
               as
               one
               would
               imagine
               .
               But
               though
               I
               have
               been
               in
               more
               Earthquakes
               then
               one
               ;
               yet
               ,
               since
               they
               were
               too
               sudden
               and
               too
               short
               to
               afford
               me
               any
               considerable
               observation
               ,
               I
               shall
               say
               no
               more
               of
               them
               ;
               but
               proceed
               to
               take
               notice
               ,
               that
               oftentimes
               the
               motion
               of
               a
               Coach
               or
               Cart
               ,
               that
               passed
               at
               a
               good
               distance
               from
               the
               place
               that
               I
               was
               in
               ,
               has
               made
               the
               
               buildings
               so
               sensibly
               shake
               ,
               that
               I
               could
               not
               but
               wonder
               ,
               that
               so
               great
               a
               portion
               of
               so
               firm
               and
               sluggish
               a
               body
               ,
               as
               the
               Earth
               ,
               could
               ,
               by
               a
               cause
               that
               seemed
               very
               disproportionate
               to
               such
               an
               effect
               ,
               be
               made
               to
               tremble
               it self
               ,
               and
               manifestly
               to
               shake
               firm
               buildings
               that
               were
               founded
               on
               it
               .
               And
               this
               observation
               made
               me
               the
               more
               inclinable
               to
               give
               credit
               to
               their
               Relations
               ,
               who
               tell
               us
               ,
               that
               in
               a
               calm
               night
               ,
               the
               march
               of
               a
               troup
               of
               horse
               may
               be
               felt
               ,
               by
               attentive
               Scouts
               watching
               at
               a
               great
               distance
               off
               ,
               by
               the
               shake
               that
               the
               ground
               receives
               from
               the
               trampling
               of
               the
               horses
               ;
               though
               I
               formerly
               suspected
               much
               ,
               and
               do
               yet
               a
               little
               ,
               that
               the
               impulse
               of
               the
               air
               conveyed
               along
               the
               resisting
               surface
               of
               the
               ground
               ,
               might
               mainly
               contribute
               to
               the
               effect
               that
               is
               ascribed
               onely
               to
               the
               motion
               of
               the
               soil
               .
            
             
               Before
               I
               advance
               to
               the
               Second
               Member
               of
               this
               Chapter
               ,
               it
               may
               not
               be
               impertinent
               to
               note
               ,
               that
               in
               peculiarly
               disposed
               bodies
               ,
               and
               especially
               in
               Organical
               ones
               ,
               a
               very
               languid
               
               motion
               may
               have
               a
               far
               greater
               effect
               ,
               than
               it
               could
               produce
               by
               a
               bare
               propagation
               of
               it self
               .
               For
               it
               may
               so
               determine
               the
               motion
               of
               the
               Spirits
               or
               other
               active
               parts
               of
               the
               body
               it
               works
               on
               ,
               as
               to
               make
               multitudes
               of
               them
               act
               as
               if
               they
               conspired
               to
               perform
               the
               same
               motions
               .
               As
               when
               a
               ticklish
               man
               ,
               by
               having
               the
               pulp
               of
               one's
               finger
               passed
               gently
               along
               the
               sole
               of
               his
               foot
               or
               the
               palm
               of
               his
               hand
               ,
               has
               divers
               muscles
               and
               other
               parts
               of
               his
               body
               and
               face
               put
               into
               preternatural
               or
               unusual
               motions
               .
               And
               most
               men
               by
               being
               lightly
               tickled
               with
               the
               end
               of
               a
               feather
               or
               straw
               ,
               within
               their
               Nostrils
               ,
               have
               their
               heads
               and
               many
               parts
               of
               their
               bodies
               put
               into
               that
               violent
               Commotion
               ,
               wherein
               Sneezing
               consists
               .
               And
               I
               remember
               ,
               that
               having
               for
               some
               time
               been
               ,
               by
               a
               distemper
               ,
               (
               from
               which
               God
               was
               graciously
               pleased
               a
               while
               after
               to
               free
               me
               ,
               )
               quite
               deprived
               of
               the
               use
               of
               my
               hands
               ;
               it
               more
               than
               once
               hapned
               to
               me
               ,
               that
               sitting
               alone
               in
               a
               Coach
               ,
               if
               the
               wind
               chanced
               to
               
               blow
               a
               single
               hair
               upon
               my
               face
               in
               the
               Summer-time
               ,
               the
               tickling
               or
               itching
               ,
               that
               it
               produced
               ,
               was
               so
               uneasy
               to
               me
               ,
               'till
               by
               calling
               out
               to
               a
               footman
               I
               could
               get
               it
               removed
               ,
               that
               ,
               though
               I
               could
               well
               bear
               it
               as
               long
               as
               I
               was
               wont
               to
               do
               ,
               when
               ,
               having
               the
               use
               of
               my
               hands
               ,
               I
               could
               relieve
               my self
               at
               pleasure
               ;
               yet
               if
               I
               were
               forced
               to
               endure
               the
               itching
               too
               long
               ,
               before
               any
               came
               to
               succour
               me
               ,
               the
               uneasiness
               was
               so
               great
               ,
               as
               to
               make
               me
               apprehend
               falling
               presently
               either
               into
               Convulsions
               or
               a
               Swoon
               .
               But
               't
               is
               time
               to
               proceed
               to
               the
               second
               Member
               of
               this
               Chapter
               .
            
             
               2.
               
               Others
               there
               are
               ,
               that
               cannot
               believe
               ,
               that
               Local
               motion
               ,
               especially
               if
               it
               be
               languid
               ,
               can
               be
               propagated
               through
               differing
               Mediums
               ,
               each
               of
               which
               ,
               save
               that
               wherein
               the
               Motion
               is
               begun
               ,
               must
               ,
               they
               think
               ,
               either
               repell
               ,
               or
               check
               and
               dead
               it
               .
               To
               these
               I
               shall
               recommend
               the
               Consideration
               of
               an
               Experiment
               ,
               I
               remember
               I
               made
               before
               some
               Learned
               men
               in
               our
               Pneumatick
               Engine
               .
               For
               ,
               having
               
               caused
               a
               large
               and
               thick
               glass
               Receiver
               to
               be
               so
               blown
               ,
               that
               it
               had
               a
               glass
               button
               in
               the
               inside
               of
               that
               part
               which
               upon
               the
               Engine
               was
               to
               be
               placed
               upwards
               ;
               I
               caused
               a
               Watch
               to
               be
               suspended
               by
               a
               little
               Silverchain
               fastned
               to
               that
               button
               by
               as
               slender
               and
               soft
               a
               body
               ,
               as
               I
               thought
               would
               be
               strong
               enough
               to
               support
               my
               watch
               ;
               and
               then
               ,
               the
               Glass
               being
               cemented
               on
               close
               to
               the
               Receiver
               ,
               to
               prevent
               a
               Commerce
               between
               the
               Cavity
               of
               it
               and
               the
               Air
               ,
               the
               watch
               ,
               that
               hung
               freely
               near
               the
               middle
               of
               the
               Cavity
               of
               the
               Receiver
               ,
               made
               it self
               to
               be
               heard
               by
               those
               attentive
               Listners
               ,
               that
               would
               hold
               their
               ears
               directly
               over
               the
               suspended
               watch
               ,
               whose
               motions
               were
               thereby
               argued
               to
               have
               been
               propagated
               ,
               either
               through
               the
               included
               air
               ,
               or
               along
               the
               string
               to
               the
               concave
               part
               of
               the
               Glass
               ,
               and
               through
               the
               whole
               thickness
               of
               the
               Glass
               to
               the
               convex
               part
               ,
               and
               thence
               ,
               through
               the
               interposed
               air
               to
               the
               Ear.
               And
               this
               mention
               of
               watches
               minds
               me
               of
               what
               I
               often
               observed
               
               in
               a
               small
               striking
               watch
               ,
               that
               I
               have
               worn
               in
               my
               pocket
               .
               For
               ,
               when
               it
               struck
               the
               Hours
               ,
               and
               in
               some
               postures
               when
               the
               balance
               did
               but
               move
               ,
               I
               could
               plainly
               feel
               the
               brisker
               motions
               of
               the
               Bell
               ,
               and
               sensibly
               the
               languid
               ones
               of
               the
               balance
               ,
               through
               the
               several
               linings
               of
               my
               Breeches
               ,
               and
               some
               other
               interposed
               soft
               and
               yielding
               bodies
               ;
               and
               this
               ,
               though
               the
               watch
               (
               as
               I
               said
               )
               was
               small
               ,
               and
               the
               balance
               included
               in
               a
               double
               case
               ,
               and
               though
               the
               outwardmost
               were
               of
               (
               what
               they
               call
               )
               Chagrine
               ,
               and
               the
               innermost
               of
               Gold
               ;
               which
               I
               therefore
               mention
               ,
               because
               that
               closest
               of
               metals
               is
               observed
               more
               to
               dead
               sounds
               and
               motions
               than
               harder
               metals
               ,
               as
               Silver
               ,
               Copper
               ,
               and
               Iron
               .
            
             
               That
               Motion
               may
               be
               propagated
               through
               differing
               Mediums
               ,
               may
               seem
               the
               more
               probable
               by
               the
               shakings
               that
               are
               often
               felt
               by
               men
               lying
               on
               beds
               that
               stand
               in
               rooms
               close
               shut
               ,
               when
               loud
               claps
               of
               thunder
               are
               produced
               (
               perhaps
               at
               a
               great
               distance
               off
               )
               in
               the
               clouds
               .
               And
               whether
               it
               
               will
               be
               fit
               to
               add
               to
               this
               Instance
               that
               which
               you
               have
               lately
               met
               with
               in
               the
               III.
               Chapter
               of
               a
               wounded
               Frenchman
               at
               Copenhagen
               ,
               I
               leave
               you
               to
               consider
               .
            
             
               I
               know
               not
               whether
               it
               will
               be
               very
               proper
               to
               take
               notice
               on
               this
               occasion
               of
               an
               odd
               Phaenomenon
               recited
               by
               the
               experienced
               Agricola
               
               in
               these
               words
               .
               
                 Si
                 animal
                 dejicitur
                 in
                 antrum
                 Viburgense
                 ,
                 quod
                 est
                 in
                 Carelia
                 ,
                 Regione
                 Scandiae
                 ,
                 erumpit
                 ,
                 ut
                 perhibent
                 ,
                 sonus
                 intolerabilis
                 magno
                 cum
                 flatu
                 :
                 Si
                 leve
                 pondus
                 in
                 specum
                 Dalmatiae
                 ,
                 quamvis
                 ,
                 inquit
                 Plinius
                 ,
                 tranquillo
                 die
                 ,
                 turbini
                 similis
                 emicat
                 procella
                 .
              
            
             
               3.
               
               As
               those
               of
               whom
               I
               took
               notice
               at
               the
               beginning
               of
               this
               Chapter
               ,
               are
               backward
               to
               allow
               ,
               that
               Motion
               may
               be
               considerably
               propagated
               through
               solid
               bodies
               ;
               so
               on
               the
               contrary
               ,
               there
               are
               others
               that
               are
               indisposed
               to
               think
               ,
               that
               't
               is
               near
               so
               propagable
               as
               indeed
               it
               is
               through
               fluid
               bodies
               ;
               because
               they
               presume
               ,
               that
               the
               easy
               cession
               of
               the
               parts
               of
               fluids
               
               will
               dead
               the
               impulse
               received
               by
               those
               of
               them
               that
               are
               first
               acted
               on
               by
               the
               impelling
               body
               .
               And
            
             
               4.
               
               There
               is
               yet
               another
               sort
               of
               Naturalists
               ,
               who
               ,
               though
               they
               may
               be
               brought
               to
               grant
               ,
               that
               Motion
               may
               by
               propagated
               even
               through
               a
               soft
               and
               yielding
               Medium
               ,
               cannot
               believe
               ,
               that
               it
               should
               through
               such
               a
               Medium
               be
               propagated
               to
               any
               considerable
               distance
               ;
               being
               perhaps
               induced
               to
               this
               opinion
               by
               observing
               ,
               that
               ,
               though
               a
               body
               somewhat
               broad
               as
               well
               as
               solid
               ,
               as
               the
               Palm
               of
               one's
               hand
               or
               a
               battledore
               ,
               be
               moved
               through
               the
               Air
               swiftly
               enough
               to
               make
               a
               wind
               ;
               yet
               that
               wind
               will
               not
               be
               strong
               enough
               to
               be
               felt
               any
               more
               than
               a
               very
               little
               way
               off
               .
               Wherefore
               ,
               because
               the
               Instances
               ,
               to
               which
               I
               assign
               the
               remaining
               part
               of
               this
               Chapter
               ,
               may
               be
               for
               the
               most
               part
               applicable
               to
               the
               removal
               of
               both
               these
               prejudices
               ;
               It
               may
               for
               brevity
               sake
               be
               expedient
               to
               consider
               them
               both
               together
               .
            
             
               If
               Luminous
               bodies
               act
               on
               our
               
               Eyes
               ,
               not
               by
               a
               substantial
               diffusion
               of
               extreamly
               minute
               particles
               ,
               as
               the
               Atomists
               would
               have
               it
               ,
               but
               by
               a
               propagated
               Pulsion
               of
               some
               Subtile
               matter
               contiguous
               to
               the
               shining
               body
               ,
               (
               as
               the
               Cartesians
               and
               many
               other
               Philosophers
               maintain
               ;
               )
               't
               will
               be
               manifest
               ,
               that
               a
               body
               less
               than
               a
               small
               pin's
               head
               may
               give
               a
               brisk
               motion
               to
               a
               portion
               of
               fluid
               matter
               many
               millions
               of
               times
               greater
               than
               it self
               ;
               since
               in
               a
               dark
               night
               a
               single
               spark
               of
               fire
               may
               be
               seen
               in
               differing
               places
               ,
               whose
               distance
               from
               it
               exceeds
               many
               thousand
               times
               the
               spark's
               Diameter
               .
               Not
               to
               mention
               the
               great
               remove
               ,
               at
               which
               the
               flame
               of
               a
               small
               taper
               may
               not
               onely
               be
               seen
               ,
               but
               appear
               greater
               than
               near
               at
               hand
               .
               And
               if
               we
               compare
               the
               Diameter
               of
               that
               bright
               Planet
               Venus
               ,
               which
               yet
               shines
               but
               with
               a
               borrowed
               and
               reflected
               Light
               ,
               with
               its
               distance
               from
               the
               Earth
               ,
               we
               may
               easily
               conclude
               ,
               that
               the
               fixed
               Stars
               ,
               which
               probably
               are
               so
               many
               Suns
               that
               shine
               by
               their
               own
               native
               Light
               ,
               must
               impell
               a
               stupendious
               
               proportion
               of
               Etherial
               matter
               ,
               to
               be
               able
               at
               that
               immense
               distance
               to
               make
               such
               vivid
               Impressions
               ,
               as
               they
               do
               ,
               upon
               our
               Eyes
               .
               But
               to
               descend
               to
               Instances
               less
               remote
               and
               disputable
               ,
               I
               shall
               ,
               in
               order
               to
               the
               removal
               of
               the
               two
               lately
               mentioned
               prejudices
               ,
               proceed
               to
               consider
               ;
               that
               ,
               though
               it
               be
               true
               ,
               that
               Fluid
               bodies
               do
               easily
               yield
               to
               Solid
               ones
               that
               impell
               them
               ,
               and
               thereby
               oftentimes
               quickly
               dead
               the
               motion
               of
               those
               Solids
               ;
               yet
               the
               motion
               ,
               being
               lost
               onely
               in
               regard
               of
               the
               solid
               body
               ,
               is
               not
               lost
               ,
               but
               transmitted
               and
               diffused
               in
               reference
               to
               the
               fluid
               .
               As
               when
               a
               log
               of
               wood
               ,
               or
               any
               such
               body
               specifically
               lighter
               than
               water
               ,
               is
               let
               fall
               in
               the
               middle
               of
               a
               pond
               ,
               though
               its
               progress
               downwards
               be
               checkt
               ,
               and
               it
               be
               brought
               to
               rest
               quietly
               on
               the
               surface
               of
               the
               water
               ;
               yet
               its
               motion
               is
               not
               lost
               ,
               but
               communicated
               to
               the
               parts
               of
               the
               water
               it
               first
               strikes
               against
               ,
               and
               by
               those
               to
               others
               ,
               'till
               at
               length
               the
               curls
               or
               waves
               produced
               on
               the
               surface
               of
               the
               water
               
               spread
               themselves
               ,
               till
               they
               arrive
               at
               the
               brinks
               ,
               and
               would
               perhaps
               be
               farther
               expanded
               ,
               if
               these
               did
               not
               hinder
               their
               progress
               .
               From
               which
               instance
               we
               may
               learn
               ,
               that
               ,
               though
               the
               nature
               of
               fluid
               bodies
               ,
               as
               such
               ,
               requires
               ,
               that
               their
               parts
               be
               actually
               distinct
               and
               separately
               moved
               ;
               yet
               the
               particular
               Corpuscles
               that
               compose
               them
               ,
               being
               (
               at
               least
               here
               below
               )
               touched
               by
               divers
               others
               ,
               the
               new
               motion
               that
               is
               produced
               in
               some
               of
               them
               by
               an
               impellent
               Solid
               ,
               must
               needs
               make
               them
               impell
               the
               contiguous
               Corpuscles
               ,
               and
               these
               those
               that
               chance
               to
               lie
               next
               to
               them
               ,
               and
               so
               the
               impulse
               may
               be
               propagated
               to
               a
               distance
               ;
               which
               you
               will
               the
               more
               easily
               believe
               may
               be
               great
               ,
               if
               you
               consider
               with
               me
               ,
               both
               that
               in
               a
               fluid
               body
               the
               Corpuscles
               ,
               being
               already
               in
               the
               various
               motion
               requisite
               to
               fluidity
               ,
               yield
               more
               easily
               to
               the
               impellent
               ,
               and
               also
               that
               being
               fully
               ,
               or
               very
               near
               it
               ,
               counterpoised
               by
               others
               of
               the
               same
               fluid
               ,
               a
               scarce
               imaginably
               little
               force
               may
               suffice
               to
               impell
               
               them
               ;
               insomuch
               that
               ,
               though
               the
               brass
               Scale
               of
               a
               balance
               ,
               of
               divers
               inches
               in
               Diameter
               ,
               may
               well
               be
               supposed
               to
               outweigh
               many
               myriads
               of
               such
               particles
               as
               compose
               water
               ,
               wine
               ,
               &c.
               yet
               ,
               (
               as
               I
               elsewhere
               more
               fully
               relate
               )
               when
               such
               a
               scale
               was
               duly
               counterpoised
               with
               another
               like
               it
               ,
               I
               could
               easily
               put
               it
               into
               various
               motions
               onely
               with
               the
               invisible
               Effluvia
               of
               no
               great
               piece
               of
               Amber
               .
               And
               if
               we
               consider
               that
               obvious
               Instance
               of
               the
               swelling
               Circles
               made
               by
               casting
               a
               stone
               into
               a
               Pond
               or
               other
               stagnant
               water
               ,
               we
               shall
               be
               the
               more
               easily
               perswaded
               ,
               that
               ,
               even
               in
               a
               heavy
               fluid
               ,
               a
               motion
               may
               reach
               a
               far
               greater
               way
               ,
               than
               men
               are
               usually
               aware
               of
               ,
               beyond
               the
               parts
               on
               which
               it
               was
               first
               imprest
               .
            
             
               On
               this
               occasion
               I
               must
               not
               omit
               a
               strange
               Observation
               given
               me
               by
               a
               very
               experienced
               Navigator
               ,
               that
               much
               frequents
               the
               Coast
               of
               Groenland
               ,
               and
               other
               Arctick
               Regions
               ,
               to
               fish
               for
               whales
               .
               For
               this
               person
               being
               discoursed
               with
               by
               me
               about
               the
               effects
               
               of
               the
               breaking
               of
               those
               vast
               piles
               of
               Ice
               ,
               that
               are
               to
               be
               met
               with
               in
               those
               parts
               ,
               assured
               me
               ,
               that
               not
               onely
               he
               had
               often
               heard
               the
               Ice
               make
               in
               breaking
               terribler
               noise
               than
               the
               loudest
               claps
               of
               thunder
               with
               us
               ,
               but
               that
               sometimes
               ,
               when
               the
               Sea-water
               had
               ,
               as
               it
               were
               ,
               undermined
               the
               foundation
               of
               the
               mountainous
               piece
               of
               Ice
               ,
               he
               has
               known
               it
               at
               length
               suddenly
               fall
               into
               the
               subjacent
               Sea
               with
               so
               much
               violence
               as
               to
               make
               a
               storm
               at
               a
               great
               distance
               off
               ;
               insomuch
               that
               once
               ,
               when
               he
               lay
               two
               Leagues
               off
               of
               the
               place
               where
               this
               stupendious
               mass
               of
               Ice
               fell
               ,
               it
               made
               the
               waves
               goe
               so
               high
               as
               to
               wash
               clear
               over
               the
               stern
               of
               the
               ship
               ,
               with
               danger
               enough
               to
               some
               of
               his
               men
               ,
               and
               to
               sink
               several
               of
               his
               shallops
               that
               were
               riding
               by
               ,
               though
               scarce
               any
               small
               vessels
               in
               the
               world
               use
               to
               be
               so
               fitted
               for
               rough
               Seas
               as
               those
               about
               Groenland
               .
            
             
               And
               whereas
               ,
               though
               the
               Air
               be
               a
               much
               thinner
               fluid
               ,
               we
               are
               apt
               to
               think
               it
               indisposed
               to
               propagate
               motion
               
               far
               ,
               give
               me
               leave
               to
               tell
               you
               ,
               that
               we
               may
               take
               wrong
               measures
               ,
               if
               we
               think
               ,
               that
               ,
               (
               for
               instance
               )
               the
               undulating
               motion
               ,
               into
               which
               the
               Air
               is
               put
               by
               the
               action
               of
               sonorous
               bodies
               ,
               reaches
               but
               a
               little
               way
               ,
               as
               we
               are
               apt
               to
               presume
               it
               does
               ,
               because
               we
               judge
               of
               it
               by
               the
               effect
               it
               has
               on
               our
               ears
               when
               the
               sound
               is
               made
               in
               disadvantageous
               places
               .
               For
               one
               ,
               that
               ,
               for
               instance
               ,
               hears
               a
               Lute
               or
               a
               Viol
               plaid
               on
               in
               a
               room
               furnished
               with
               hangings
               ,
               will
               be
               apt
               to
               think
               the
               sound
               faint
               and
               languid
               in
               comparison
               of
               what
               it
               would
               appear
               to
               him
               ,
               if
               the
               same
               Instrument
               were
               plaid
               on
               after
               the
               same
               manner
               in
               an
               arched
               room
               without
               hangings
               ;
               these
               soft
               and
               yielding
               bodies
               being
               apt
               to
               dead
               the
               sound
               ,
               which
               the
               figure
               and
               hardness
               of
               the
               Vaulted
               room
               would
               reflect
               .
               And
               so
               ,
               when
               a
               man
               speaks
               aloud
               in
               the
               free
               Air
               ,
               we
               are
               not
               wont
               to
               take
               any
               notice
               of
               a
               progress
               made
               by
               the
               motion
               of
               the
               Air
               beyond
               the
               place
               we
               are
               in
               ,
               when
               our
               ears
               receive
               the
               sound
               ;
               but
               if
               the
               place
               happen
               
               to
               be
               furnished
               with
               an
               Echo
               ,
               though
               at
               many
               times
               that
               distance
               from
               the
               speaker
               ,
               we
               may
               then
               easily
               take
               notice
               ,
               that
               the
               motion
               of
               the
               Air
               was
               carried
               on
               ,
               and
               that
               with
               good
               vigour
               ,
               to
               a
               far
               greater
               distance
               than
               else
               we
               should
               have
               observed
               .
               And
               I
               have
               often
               thought
               ,
               that
               ,
               even
               by
               the
               better
               sort
               of
               our
               Echoing
               places
               ,
               we
               are
               not
               informed
               ,
               to
               near
               how
               great
               a
               sphere
               the
               motion
               ,
               which
               the
               Air
               is
               put
               into
               by
               Sounds
               ,
               may
               extend
               it self
               ,
               where
               its
               diffusion
               and
               vigour
               are
               not
               hindred
               nor
               weakned
               by
               bodies
               either
               placed
               too
               near
               ,
               or
               indisposed
               to
               promote
               its
               operation
               .
            
             
               What
               has
               been
               lately
               said
               of
               the
               great
               diffusion
               of
               Sounds
               ,
               if
               themselves
               be
               loud
               and
               great
               ,
               will
               appear
               highly
               probable
               ,
               by
               what
               is
               related
               by
               the
               Learned
               Fromundus
               ,
               
               who
               being
               Professour
               of
               Philosophy
               at
               Lovain
               ,
               in
               the
               Year
               1627
               ,
               had
               opportunity
               enough
               to
               know
               the
               Truth
               of
               what
               he
               relates
               ;
               namely
               that
               ,
               at
               the
               famous
               Siege
               of
               Ostend
               in
               Flanders
               ,
               the
               
               thunder
               of
               the
               great
               Ordnance
               was
               heard
               at
               above
               thirty
               Dutch
               Leagues
               ,
               which
               ,
               according
               to
               the
               vulgar
               reckoning
               ,
               amounts
               to
               a
               hundred
               and
               twenty
               of
               our
               English
               miles
               .
               And
               that
               is
               yet
               ,
               as
               he
               truly
               observes
               ,
               more
               strange
               ,
               and
               makes
               more
               for
               our
               present
               purpose
               ,
               which
               he
               adds
               concerning
               the
               diffusion
               of
               the
               sound
               of
               a
               Drum
               ,
               which
               ,
               he
               says
               ,
               was
               ,
               upon
               a
               time
               ,
               heard
               at
               Sea
               twelve
               Leagues
               off
               .
            
             
               But
               to
               return
               to
               what
               I
               was
               saying
               of
               Echo's
               ,
               to
               confirm
               my
               conjecture
               about
               them
               ,
               I
               shall
               think
               it
               needlesse
               to
               offer
               you
               any
               other
               Argument
               ,
               than
               that
               which
               you
               will
               draw
               your self
               from
               the
               Notable
               Relation
               I
               met
               with
               in
               the
               Learned
               Varenius
               
               of
               an
               Observation
               made
               by
               
                 David
                 Fraelichius
              
               ,
               who
               ,
               in
               the
               Company
               of
               a
               couple
               of
               Students
               ,
               had
               the
               curiosity
               (
               in
               the
               month
               of
               June
               )
               to
               visit
               the
               mountain
               Carpathus
               ,
               esteemed
               the
               highest
               of
               all
               the
               Hungarian
               Hills
               ,
               and
               said
               to
               be
               much
               more
               steep
               and
               difficulty
               accessible
               
               than
               any
               of
               the
               Alps
               themselves
               .
               Fraelichius
               then
               (
               in
               my
               Authour
               )
               having
               related
               with
               what
               difficulty
               he
               and
               his
               Companions
               ascended
               above
               that
               Region
               of
               the
               Air
               ,
               where
               they
               met
               with
               clouds
               and
               vehement
               winds
               ,
               adds
               this
               memorable
               Observation
               ,
               for
               whose
               sake
               I
               mention
               the
               story
               :
               Explosi
               (
               saies
               he
               )
               
                 in
                 ea
                 summitate
                 sclopetum
                 ,
                 quod
                 non
                 majorem
                 sonitum
                 primò
                 prae
                 se
                 tulit
                 ,
                 quàm
                 si
                 tigillum
                 vel
                 bacillum
                 confregissem
                 ;
                 post
                 intervallum
                 autem
                 temporis
                 murmur
                 prolixum
                 invaluit
                 ,
                 inferiorésque
                 montis
                 partes
                 ,
                 convalles
                 ,
                 &
                 sylvas
                 opplevit
                 .
                 Descendendo
                 per
                 nives
                 annosas
                 intra
                 convalles
                 ,
                 cùm
                 iterum
                 sclopetum
                 exonerarem
                 ,
                 major
                 &
                 horribilior
                 fragor
                 quàm
                 ex
                 tormento
                 capacissimo
                 inde
                 exoriebatur
                 :
                 hinc
                 verebar
                 ,
                 nè
                 totus
                 mons
                 concussus
                 mecum
                 corrueret
                 ;
                 duravitque
                 hic
                 sonus
                 per
                 semiquadrantem
                 horae
                 ,
                 usque
                 dum
                 abstrusissimas
                 cavernas
                 penetrasset
                 ,
                 ad
                 quas
                 Aer
                 undique
                 multiplicatus
                 resiliit
                 .
                 Et
                 talia
                 quidem
                 objecta
                 concava
                 in
                 summitate
                 se
                 non
                 illico
                 offerebant
                 ,
                 idcirco
                 ferè
                 insensibiliter
              
               
               
                 primùm
                 sonus
                 repercutiebatur
                 ,
                 donec
                 descendendo
                 antris
                 &
                 convallibus
                 vicinior
                 factus
                 ,
                 ad
                 eas
                 fortiùs
                 impegit
                 .
              
            
          
           
             
               CHAP.
               VI.
               
            
             
               
                 
                   Observat
                   .
                   V.
                
                 Men
                 usually
                 think
                 not
                 what
                 the
                 modification
                 of
                 the
                 invisible
                 motion
                 of
                 Fluids
                 may
                 perform
                 on
                 the
                 disposed
                 bodies
                 of
                 Animals
                 .
              
            
             
               IN
               this
               Observation
               I
               expresly
               mention
               
                 the
                 disposed
                 bodies
                 of
                 Animals
              
               ,
               to
               intimate
               ,
               that
               there
               is
               a
               peculiar
               aptitude
               required
               in
               those
               Animals
               ,
               or
               some
               particular
               parts
               of
               them
               that
               are
               to
               be
               sensibly
               affected
               by
               such
               motions
               as
               we
               are
               treating
               of
               ,
               which
               would
               otherwise
               be
               too
               languid
               to
               have
               any
               sensible
               operation
               on
               them
               .
            
             
               It
               seems
               the
               less
               strange
               to
               me
               ,
               that
               continuing
               Sounds
               ,
               and
               other
               somewhat
               durable
               Impulses
               of
               the
               Air
               or
               other
               Fluids
               ,
               should
               have
               a
               manifest
               operation
               upon
               Solid
               bodies
               ,
               when
               I
               consider
               
               the
               multitude
               of
               strokes
               that
               may
               in
               a
               very
               short
               and
               perhaps
               scarce
               observable
               time
               ,
               be
               supposed
               to
               be
               given
               by
               the
               parts
               of
               the
               fluid
               to
               the
               Consistent
               body
               .
               For
               ,
               though
               each
               of
               these
               single
               would
               perhaps
               be
               too
               languid
               to
               have
               any
               sensible
               effect
               at
               all
               ;
               it
               being
               opportunely
               and
               frequently
               repeated
               by
               the
               successive
               parts
               of
               the
               fluid
               ,
               as
               by
               so
               many
               little
               swimming
               hammers
               or
               flying
               bullets
               ,
               they
               may
               well
               have
               a
               notable
               effect
               upon
               the
               parts
               of
               a
               body
               exposed
               to
               their
               action
               :
               As
               may
               be
               argued
               from
               the
               great
               swing
               that
               may
               be
               given
               to
               Pendulums
               by
               a
               very
               languid
               force
               ,
               if
               it
               successively
               strike
               the
               swinging
               body
               ,
               when
               having
               finished
               its
               excursion
               ,
               't
               is
               ready
               to
               return
               towards
               the
               Perpendicular
               ;
               as
               also
               from
               the
               tremulous
               motion
               that
               is
               imparted
               even
               to
               the
               metalline
               string
               of
               a
               Musical
               Instrument
               ,
               by
               the
               congruous
               motion
               the
               Air
               is
               put
               into
               by
               another
               trembling
               string
               ,
               (
               as
               there
               may
               be
               hereafter
               occasion
               to
               declare
               .
               )
            
             
               I
               remember
               ,
               Scaliger
               tells
               a
               pleasant
               
               story
               of
               a
               Knight
               of
               Gascony
               ,
               whom
               the
               sound
               of
               a
               Bagpipe
               would
               force
               presently
               to
               make
               water
               ;
               adding
               ,
               that
               a
               Person
               disobliged
               by
               this
               man
               ,
               and
               resolving
               to
               be
               merrily
               revenged
               on
               him
               ,
               watched
               a
               time
               when
               he
               sate
               at
               a
               Feast
               so
               as
               he
               could
               not
               well
               get
               out
               ,
               and
               brought
               a
               Bagpiper
               to
               play
               unawares
               behind
               him
               ;
               which
               he
               did
               so
               unluckily
               ,
               that
               the
               Musick
               had
               presently
               its
               wonted
               effect
               upon
               the
               poor
               Knight
               ,
               to
               his
               great
               Confusion
               and
               the
               laughter
               of
               the
               Company
               .
               On
               which
               occasion
               I
               shall
               add
               ,
               that
               I
               know
               a
               very
               Ingenious
               Gentleman
               ,
               who
               has
               confessed
               to
               me
               ,
               that
               the
               noise
               of
               a
               running
               Tap
               is
               wont
               to
               have
               almost
               the
               like
               operation
               upon
               Him.
               
            
             
               'T
               is
               a
               common
               Observation
               ,
               that
               the
               noise
               that
               an
               ungreased
               cart-wheel
               makes
               in
               grating
               against
               the
               axel-tree
               ,
               and
               the
               scraping
               of
               a
               knife
               upon
               a
               plate
               of
               silver
               or
               pewter
               ,
               and
               some
               other
               such
               brisk
               and
               acute
               Sounds
               ,
               do
               so
               affect
               divers
               parts
               of
               the
               Head
               ,
               as
               to
               produce
               that
               effect
               
               that
               is
               commonly
               called
               
                 setting
                 the
                 Teeth
                 on
                 edge
              
               ;
               which
               whether
               it
               proceed
               from
               any
               commerce
               between
               the
               Auditory
               Nerves
               ,
               and
               those
               that
               are
               inservient
               to
               the
               motion
               we
               have
               mentioned
               ,
               I
               leave
               Anatomists
               to
               consider
               .
               But
               these
               effects
               of
               acute
               sounds
               are
               much
               less
               considerable
               than
               that
               which
               I
               elsewhere
               relate
               of
               an
               Ingenious
               Domestick
               of
               mine
               ,
               who
               several
               times
               complained
               ,
               that
               the
               tearing
               of
               brown
               paper
               made
               his
               Gums
               bleed
               :
               which
               argued
               that
               the
               sound
               had
               an
               operation
               not
               onely
               upon
               the
               nervous
               and
               membranous
               parts
               ,
               but
               the
               bloud
               and
               Humours
               themselves
               .
            
             
               Sir
               
                 Henry
                 Blunt
              
               ,
               in
               his
               voiage
               to
               the
               Levant
               ,
               giving
               an
               account
               of
               what
               he
               observed
               in
               Egypt
               ,
               has
               ,
               among
               other
               remarkable
               things
               ,
               this
               passage
               :
               Many
               rarities
               of
               Living
               creatures
               I
               saw
               in
               
                 Gran
                 Cairo
              
               ,
               but
               the
               most
               ingenious
               was
               a
               nest
               of
               four-legged
               Serpents
               of
               two
               foot
               long
               ,
               black
               and
               ugly
               ,
               kept
               by
               a
               Frenchman
               ,
               who
               when
               he
               came
               to
               handle
               them
               ,
               they
               would
               not
               endure
               him
               ,
               but
               ran
               and
               hid
               
               in
               their
               hole
               ;
               then
               would
               he
               take
               his
               Cittern
               and
               play
               upon
               it
               :
               They
               ,
               hearing
               his
               Musick
               ,
               came
               all
               crawling
               to
               his
               feet
               ,
               and
               began
               to
               climbe
               up
               him
               ,
               till
               he
               gave
               over
               playing
               ,
               then
               away
               they
               ran
               .
            
             
               This
               recalls
               to
               my
               mind
               ,
               what
               some
               men
               of
               repute
               ,
               and
               particularly
               the
               Learned
               Kircherus
               ,
               relate
               concerning
               a
               great
               Fish
               ,
               in
               or
               about
               the
               Streights
               that
               sever
               Sicily
               from
               Italy
               ,
               which
               is
               said
               to
               be
               much
               affected
               with
               a
               peculiar
               kind
               of
               Tune
               ,
               (
               harsh
               enough
               to
               Humane
               ears
               )
               by
               which
               the
               Mariners
               are
               wont
               to
               allure
               it
               to
               follow
               their
               vessels
               .
               And
               it
               may
               much
               strengthen
               the
               Conclusion
               maintained
               in
               this
               Chapter
               ,
               if
               there
               be
               any
               certainty
               in
               the
               famous
               tradition
               ,
               that
               the
               Lion
               is
               terrified
               and
               made
               to
               run
               away
               by
               the
               crowing
               of
               a
               Cock
               :
               I
               say
               ,
               if
               ,
               because
               though
               I
               doubt
               not
               but
               some
               peculiar
               kinds
               of
               Sounds
               ,
               as
               well
               as
               of
               other
               sensible
               objects
               ,
               may
               be
               particularly
               and
               exceedingly
               ungratefull
               to
               the
               Sensories
               of
               this
               or
               that
               peculiar
               kind
               of
               Animals
               ,
               and
               consequently
               
               to
               the
               ears
               of
               Lions
               ;
               yet
               a
               late
               French
               Traveller
               into
               the
               Levant
               gives
               me
               cause
               much
               to
               question
               the
               matter
               of
               fact
               ,
               affirming
               ,
               that
               rowing
               along
               the
               brink
               of
               Tigris
               or
               Euphrates
               ,
               (
               for
               I
               do
               not
               punctually
               remember
               which
               ,
               )
               they
               were
               ,
               for
               many
               hours
               in
               the
               night
               ,
               terrified
               by
               Lions
               that
               attended
               them
               along
               the
               brink
               of
               the
               River
               ,
               and
               would
               not
               at
               all
               be
               frighted
               by
               the
               frequent
               crowing
               of
               the
               Cocks
               that
               chanced
               to
               be
               in
               the
               passengers
               Boat.
               Of
               which
               unconcernedness
               of
               the
               Lions
               ,
               our
               observing
               traveller
               took
               much
               more
               notice
               than
               the
               Lions
               appeared
               to
               do
               of
               the
               crowing
               of
               the
               Cocks
               .
               I
               might
               on
               this
               occasion
               say
               something
               of
               the
               received
               Tradition
               ,
               that
               many
               sleeping
               persons
               will
               be
               more
               easily
               waked
               by
               being
               called
               upon
               by
               their
               own
               usual
               names
               ,
               than
               by
               other
               names
               ,
               though
               uttered
               with
               a
               louder
               voice
               .
               But
               this
               it
               may
               suffice
               to
               have
               mentioned
               ;
               nor
               will
               I
               here
               insist
               on
               that
               more
               certain
               example
               of
               the
               operation
               of
               a
               Sound
               ,
               which
               is
               afforded
               
               by
               the
               starting
               of
               men
               or
               greater
               Animals
               ,
               upon
               a
               surprizing
               ,
               though
               not
               vehement
               ,
               noise
               ;
               though
               this
               oftentimes
               puts
               so
               many
               of
               the
               Spirits
               and
               Muscles
               into
               motion
               ,
               that
               the
               whole
               bulk
               of
               the
               Animal
               is
               suddenly
               raised
               from
               the
               ground
               ,
               which
               perhaps
               it
               could
               not
               be
               by
               the
               bare
               counterpoise
               of
               some
               hundreds
               of
               pounds
               :
               This
               ,
               I
               say
               ,
               I
               will
               not
               in
               this
               place
               insist
               on
               ,
               because
               the
               Phaenomenon
               seems
               to
               depend
               rather
               upon
               the
               loudness
               or
               acuteness
               of
               the
               sound
               ,
               than
               upon
               any
               determinate
               modification
               of
               it
               ,
               particularly
               relating
               to
               the
               Animal
               it self
               .
            
             
               But
               the
               eminentest
               Instance
               of
               the
               efficacy
               of
               peculiarly
               modified
               Sounds
               upon
               disposed
               bodies
               ,
               is
               afforded
               by
               what
               happens
               to
               those
               which
               are
               bit
               by
               a
               Tarantula
               .
               For
               though
               the
               bitten
               person
               will
               calmly
               hear
               divers
               other
               tunes
               ,
               yet
               when
               a
               peculiarly
               congruous
               one
               comes
               to
               be
               plaid
               ,
               it
               will
               set
               him
               a
               dancing
               with
               so
               much
               vigour
               as
               the
               spectators
               cannot
               but
               wonder
               at
               ,
               and
               the
               dancing
               will
               
               sometimes
               continue
               many
               hours
               ,
               if
               the
               Musick
               do
               so
               ,
               and
               not
               otherwise
               .
               I
               know
               there
               are
               some
               that
               question
               the
               truth
               of
               the
               things
               related
               of
               these
               Tarantati
               ,
               (
               as
               the
               Italians
               call
               them
               ,
               )
               and
               I
               easily
               grant
               ,
               that
               some
               Fictions
               may
               have
               been
               suffered
               to
               pass
               under
               the
               countenance
               of
               so
               strange
               a
               Truth
               .
               But
               besides
               the
               affirmations
               of
               some
               Learned
               men
               ,
               (
               as
               well
               Physicians
               as
               others
               )
               my
               Doubts
               have
               been
               much
               removed
               by
               the
               Accounts
               I
               have
               received
               from
               an
               Ingenious
               Acquaintance
               of
               mine
               own
               ,
               who
               at
               Tarentum
               it self
               ,
               whence
               the
               Insect
               takes
               its
               name
               ,
               and
               elsewhere
               ,
               saw
               many
               bitten
               persons
               in
               their
               dances
               ,
               some
               in
               publick
               and
               some
               in
               private
               places
               ,
               and
               amongst
               the
               rest
               a
               Physician
               ,
               on
               whom
               the
               tune
               that
               fitted
               his
               distemper
               had
               the
               same
               operation
               as
               on
               the
               other
               Patients
               .
               And
               the
               Learned
               
                 Epiphanius
                 Ferdinandus
              
               ,
               who
               practised
               Physick
               in
               Apulia
               and
               Calabria
               for
               many
               years
               ,
               not
               onely
               delivers
               upon
               his
               own
               personal
               observation
               ,
               several
               Narratives
               of
               the
               
               effects
               of
               Musick
               upon
               the
               Tarantati
               ,
               but
               invites
               any
               that
               may
               doubt
               of
               the
               truth
               of
               such
               Narratives
               to
               repair
               to
               him
               at
               a
               fit
               season
               ,
               undertaking
               to
               convince
               them
               by
               ocular
               Demonstration
               .
            
             
               I
               know
               a
               very
               honest
               and
               sober
               Musician
               ,
               who
               has
               divers
               times
               affirmed
               to
               me
               ,
               that
               he
               could
               at
               pleasure
               ,
               by
               playing
               a
               certain
               Tune
               ,
               (
               which
               he
               acquainted
               me
               with
               ,
               and
               which
               did
               not
               much
               move
               others
               )
               make
               a
               person
               (
               whom
               he
               named
               to
               me
               )
               weep
               ,
               whether
               she
               would
               or
               no.
               And
               I
               might
               add
               ,
               that
               when
               I
               have
               been
               taking
               Physick
               ,
               or
               am
               any
               thing
               feverish
               ,
               the
               repetition
               of
               two
               verses
               of
               Lucan
               seldom
               fails
               (
               as
               I
               have
               often
               tried
               )
               of
               producing
               in
               me
               a
               chilness
               ,
               almost
               like
               that
               ,
               but
               fainter
               ,
               that
               begins
               the
               fit
               of
               an
               ague
               .
               But
               on
               this
               Instance
               I
               look
               not
               as
               a
               strong
               proof
               of
               the
               Physical
               efficacy
               of
               Sounds
               ;
               because
               those
               two
               verses
               having
               been
               emphatically
               read
               ,
               when
               divers
               years
               agoe
               I
               lay
               sick
               of
               a
               slow
               fever
               ,
               and
               could
               not
               rest
               ,
               they
               made
               
               so
               strong
               an
               impression
               on
               me
               ,
               that
               whenever
               I
               am
               under
               a
               Discomposure
               any
               thing
               near
               like
               that
               ,
               that
               then
               troubled
               me
               ,
               those
               verses
               revive
               ,
               as
               't
               were
               ,
               in
               my
               brain
               and
               some
               other
               parts
               that
               disposition
               ,
               or
               rather
               indisposition
               ,
               with
               which
               my
               first
               hearing
               of
               those
               verses
               was
               accompanied
               .
            
             
               It
               may
               be
               the
               less
               admired
               ,
               that
               the
               vibrating
               motion
               of
               the
               Air
               ,
               that
               produces
               sounds
               ,
               should
               have
               such
               effects
               upon
               disposed
               Organical
               bodies
               ,
               since
               Light
               it self
               ,
               which
               either
               consists
               of
               briskly
               moving
               effluvia
               far
               more
               subtile
               than
               aerial
               corpuscles
               ,
               or
               is
               propagated
               by
               the
               pulse
               of
               a
               far
               more
               subtile
               body
               than
               Air
               ,
               may
               have
               a
               notable
               operation
               upon
               disposed
               bodies
               .
               For
               we
               commonly
               observe
               ,
               that
               the
               Sun-beams
               ,
               by
               beating
               upon
               the
               face
               or
               eyes
               of
               some
               that
               come
               suddenly
               out
               of
               a
               shaded
               place
               into
               the
               Light
               ,
               presently
               make
               them
               sneeze
               ;
               which
               you
               know
               is
               not
               done
               without
               a
               vehement
               motion
               of
               divers
               parts
               of
               
               the
               body
               .
               And
               though
               Colour
               be
               but
               a
               modification
               of
               Light
               ;
               yet
               ,
               besides
               that
               't
               was
               anciently
               a
               practice
               ,
               as
               the
               History
               of
               the
               Macchabees
               informs
               us
               ,
               to
               shew
               red
               objects
               to
               Elephants
               ,
               to
               make
               them
               more
               fierce
               ,
               't
               is
               a
               familiar
               observation
               ,
               that
               red
               cloaths
               do
               offend
               and
               irritate
               Turky-cocks
               .
               And
               that
               is
               more
               remarkable
               ,
               which
               is
               related
               by
               the
               very
               Learned
               Physician
               Valesius
               ,
               of
               a
               person
               that
               he
               knew
               ,
               who
               ,
               if
               he
               looked
               upon
               red
               objects
               ,
               would
               not
               onely
               have
               his
               Eyes
               offended
               ,
               but
               was
               subject
               to
               an
               effusion
               of
               Humours
               in
               the
               neighboring
               parts
               .
            
          
           
             
             
               CHAP.
               VII
               .
            
             
               
                 
                   Observat
                   .
                   VI.
                
                 Men
                 suspect
                 not
                 what
                 efficacy
                 the
                 Invisible
                 motions
                 of
                 Fluids
                 may
                 have
                 ,
                 even
                 upon
                 inorganical
                 bodies
                 ,
                 upon
                 the
                 score
                 of
                 some
                 determinate
                 Congruity
                 or
                 relation
                 betwixt
                 a
                 peculiar
                 Texture
                 of
                 the
                 one
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 peculiar
                 modification
                 of
                 the
                 others
                 motion
                 .
              
            
             
               THough
               the
               Experiments
               delivered
               in
               the
               foregoing
               Chapter
               have
               ,
               I
               presume
               ,
               sufficiently
               manifested
               ,
               that
               the
               modification
               given
               to
               the
               motions
               of
               the
               Air
               by
               sonorous
               bodies
               may
               have
               considerable
               effects
               upon
               Animals
               ,
               in
               whose
               organized
               bodies
               the
               curiously
               contrived
               parts
               have
               an
               admirable
               connexion
               with
               ,
               and
               relation
               to
               ,
               one
               another
               ,
               and
               to
               the
               whole
               Symmetrical
               fabrick
               they
               make
               up
               ;
               yet
               ,
               I
               fear
               ,
               it
               will
               scarce
               seem
               credible
               ,
               that
               sonorous
               motions
               of
               the
               Air
               ,
               not
               very
               loud
               ,
               should
               find
               ,
               even
               in
               
               bodies
               Inanimate
               and
               Inorganicall
               ,
               such
               congruous
               Textures
               and
               other
               Dispositions
               to
               admit
               their
               action
               ,
               that
               even
               more
               languid
               Sounds
               ,
               peculiarly
               modified
               ,
               may
               sensibly
               operate
               upon
               them
               ,
               and
               much
               more
               than
               sounds
               that
               are
               louder
               and
               more
               vehement
               ,
               but
               not
               so
               happily
               modified
               .
               To
               make
               this
               good
               by
               particular
               Experiments
               ,
               I
               shall
               begin
               with
               that
               ,
               which
               ,
               though
               the
               effect
               may
               seem
               inferiour
               to
               that
               of
               most
               of
               the
               others
               ,
               I
               judge
               fittest
               to
               manifest
               ,
               that
               the
               produced
               motion
               depends
               upon
               the
               determinate
               modification
               of
               that
               of
               the
               impellent
               Fluid
               .
            
             
               That
               a
               certain
               impulse
               of
               Air
               ,
               made
               by
               one
               of
               the
               Unison-strings
               of
               a
               Musical
               Instrument
               ,
               may
               suffice
               to
               produce
               a
               visible
               motion
               in
               another
               ,
               is
               now
               become
               a
               known
               experiment
               ;
               of
               the
               Cause
               and
               some
               unobserved
               Phaenomena
               of
               which
               I
               elsewhere
               more
               fully
               discourse
               .
               But
               ,
               that
               it
               may
               not
               be
               suspected
               in
               this
               case
               ,
               that
               the
               shake
               of
               the
               untouched
               string
               is
               communicated
               to
               it
               by
               the
               
               propagated
               motion
               of
               the
               Instrument
               it self
               ,
               to
               which
               the
               string
               ,
               that
               is
               struck
               ,
               is
               also
               fastned
               ;
               I
               shall
               add
               ,
               that
               ,
               according
               to
               what
               I
               elsewhere
               relate
               ,
               I
               found
               by
               trial
               purposely
               made
               ,
               that
               a
               string
               of
               Wire
               ,
               (
               which
               you
               will
               grant
               to
               be
               a
               more
               solid
               body
               than
               an
               ordinary
               Gut-string
               ,
               )
               may
               be
               without
               another
               string
               brought
               to
               tremble
               by
               a
               determinate
               Sound
               made
               at
               a
               distance
               ,
               which
               produced
               but
               such
               an
               impulse
               of
               the
               Air
               ,
               as
               could
               neither
               be
               seen
               nor
               felt
               by
               the
               By-standers
               ,
               nor
               would
               communicate
               any
               sensible
               motion
               to
               the
               neighbouring
               strings
               .
               'T
               is
               true
               ,
               that
               in
               this
               case
               the
               string
               ,
               in
               which
               the
               trembling
               was
               produced
               ,
               was
               a
               single
               ,
               long
               ,
               slender
               and
               springy
               body
               ,
               fastned
               at
               both
               ends
               to
               a
               stable
               one
               ;
               and
               therefore
               it
               may
               seem
               altogether
               groundless
               to
               expect
               ,
               that
               any
               thing
               like
               this
               effect
               should
               be
               by
               the
               same
               cause
               produced
               in
               bodies
               that
               do
               not
               appear
               so
               qualified
               .
               But
               ,
               as
               we
               elsewhere
               shew
               ,
               that
               a
               certain
               degree
               or
               measure
               of
               tension
               is
               in
               order
               
               to
               this
               Phaenomenon
               the
               principal
               Qualification
               ,
               without
               which
               all
               the
               other
               would
               be
               unavailable
               ;
               perhaps
               't
               will
               not
               be
               absurd
               to
               enquire
               ,
               whether
               ,
               in
               bodies
               of
               a
               very
               differing
               appearance
               from
               strings
               ,
               the
               various
               Textures
               ,
               Connexions
               ,
               and
               Complications
               ,
               that
               Nature
               or
               Art
               ,
               or
               both
               ,
               may
               make
               of
               the
               parts
               ,
               may
               not
               bring
               them
               to
               a
               state
               equivalent
               to
               the
               Tensions
               of
               the
               strings
               of
               Musical
               Instruments
               ,
               whereby
               divers
               of
               the
               mentioned
               parts
               may
               be
               stretched
               in
               the
               manner
               requisite
               to
               dispose
               them
               to
               receive
               a
               vibrating
               motion
               from
               some
               peculiar
               Sounds
               :
               And
               whether
               these
               trembling
               parts
               may
               not
               be
               numerous
               enough
               to
               affect
               their
               neighbours
               ,
               and
               make
               ,
               in
               the
               body
               they
               belong
               to
               ,
               a
               tremulous
               motion
               discernible
               ,
               though
               not
               by
               the
               Eye
               ,
               yet
               by
               some
               other
               sense
               .
               This
               conjecture
               or
               inquiry
               you
               will
               ,
               I
               hope
               ,
               have
               the
               less
               unfavourable
               thoughts
               of
               ,
               when
               you
               shall
               have
               considered
               the
               following
               Experiments
               .
            
             
               I
               remember
               ,
               that
               many
               years
               agoe
               
               I
               found
               by
               trial
               ,
               that
               ,
               if
               a
               somewhat
               large
               and
               almost
               hemispherical
               Glasse
               ,
               though
               not
               very
               thin
               ,
               were
               conveniently
               placed
               ,
               a
               determinate
               sound
               ,
               made
               at
               a
               convenient
               distance
               from
               the
               concave
               surface
               of
               the
               Glasse
               ,
               would
               make
               it
               sensibly
               ring
               ,
               as
               a
               Bell
               does
               a
               while
               after
               it
               has
               been
               struck
               .
               But
               this
               noise
               was
               the
               effect
               of
               a
               determinate
               sound
               ;
               for
               ,
               though
               the
               voice
               were
               raised
               to
               a
               higher
               tone
               ,
               or
               if
               the
               sound
               were
               made
               louder
               ,
               the
               same
               effect
               would
               not
               insue
               .
               I
               remember
               also
               ,
               th●●
               ,
               some
               years
               after
               ,
               I
               observed
               ,
               that
               large
               empty
               drinking-glasses
               of
               fine
               white
               metal
               had
               each
               of
               them
               its
               determinate
               Tension
               ,
               or
               some
               disposition
               that
               was
               equivalent
               as
               to
               our
               purpose
               .
               For
               ,
               causing
               the
               strings
               of
               a
               Musical
               Instrument
               to
               be
               variously
               screwed
               up
               ,
               and
               let
               down
               ,
               and
               briskly
               struck
               ,
               we
               found
               ,
               as
               I
               expected
               ,
               that
               the
               motion
               of
               one
               string
               ,
               when
               't
               was
               stretched
               to
               a
               certain
               note
               or
               tone
               ,
               would
               make
               one
               of
               the
               Glasses
               ring
               ,
               and
               not
               the
               other
               ;
               nor
               would
               the
               sound
               of
               the
               
               same
               string
               ,
               tuned
               to
               another
               note
               ,
               sensibly
               affect
               the
               first
               Glasse
               ,
               though
               perhaps
               it
               might
               have
               its
               operation
               upon
               another
               .
               And
               this
               Circumstance
               is
               not
               ,
               on
               this
               occasion
               ,
               to
               be
               omitted
               ,
               that
               ,
               after
               we
               had
               found
               the
               tone
               proper
               to
               one
               of
               the
               Glasses
               ,
               and
               so
               tuned
               the
               string
               ,
               that
               ,
               (
               I
               say
               )
               when
               that
               was
               struck
               ,
               the
               Glasse
               would
               resound
               .
               Having
               afterwards
               broken
               off
               a
               part
               of
               the
               foot
               of
               the
               glass
               ,
               yet
               not
               so
               much
               but
               that
               it
               continued
               to
               stand
               upright
               ,
               the
               same
               sound
               of
               the
               string
               would
               no
               longer
               be
               answered
               by
               the
               Vessel
               ,
               but
               we
               were
               obliged
               to
               alter
               the
               tension
               of
               the
               string
               ,
               to
               produce
               the
               former
               effect
               .
               The
               Learned
               Kircherus
               ,
               as
               I
               have
               been
               informed
               ,
               somewhere
               mentions
               a
               correspondence
               between
               some
               liquours
               and
               some
               determinate
               sounds
               ;
               which
               I
               suppose
               may
               be
               true
               ,
               though
               the
               triall
               did
               not
               succeed
               with
               me
               ,
               perhaps
               for
               want
               of
               such
               accommodations
               for
               so
               nice
               an
               Experiment
               as
               I
               could
               have
               wished
               ,
               but
               could
               not
               procure
               :
               But
               if
               you
               can
               ,
               you
               will
               oblige
               
               me
               to
               make
               the
               trials
               so
               as
               to
               satisfie
               your self
               and
               me
               ,
               whether
               the
               agitation
               of
               the
               liquour
               be
               caused
               immediately
               by
               the
               motion
               of
               the
               Air
               ,
               or
               be
               communicated
               by
               the
               intervention
               of
               the
               tremblings
               of
               the
               Vessel
               .
            
             
               An
               Artist
               famous
               for
               his
               skill
               in
               making
               Organs
               ,
               answered
               me
               ,
               that
               ,
               at
               some
               stops
               of
               the
               Organs
               ,
               some
               seats
               in
               the
               Church
               would
               tremble
               .
               But
               ,
               because
               I
               suspected
               by
               his
               Relation
               ,
               that
               the
               greatness
               of
               the
               sound
               chiefly
               effected
               it
               ,
               because
               ,
               when
               that
               Pipe
               ,
               which
               they
               call
               the
               open
               Diapason
               ,
               sounds
               ,
               the
               chair
               or
               seat
               ,
               on
               which
               the
               Organist
               sits
               ,
               and
               perhaps
               the
               neighbouring
               part
               of
               the
               Organ
               trembles
               ;
               I
               shall
               add
               ,
               that
               I
               have
               divers
               times
               observed
               certain
               sounds
               of
               an
               excellent
               Organ
               to
               make
               not
               onely
               the
               seat
               ,
               I
               sate
               on
               in
               the
               Church
               ,
               tremble
               under
               me
               ,
               but
               produce
               an
               odd
               tremulous
               motion
               in
               the
               upper
               part
               of
               my
               Hat
               ,
               that
               I
               could
               plainly
               feel
               with
               my
               hands
               .
               And
               that
               ,
               which
               makes
               me
               apt
               to
               believe
               that
               this
               effect
               depends
               upon
               the
               determinate
               
               tone
               ,
               rather
               than
               upon
               the
               loudness
               of
               the
               sound
               ,
               is
               ,
               that
               I
               have
               oftentimes
               felt
               ,
               and
               diligently
               observed
               such
               a
               kind
               of
               motion
               in
               the
               upper
               part
               of
               my
               Hat
               ,
               upon
               the
               pronouncing
               of
               some
               words
               in
               ordinary
               discourse
               ;
               in
               which
               case
               the
               effect
               could
               not
               with
               probability
               be
               referred
               to
               the
               greatness
               of
               the
               Sound
               ,
               but
               its
               peculiar
               fitness
               to
               communicate
               such
               a
               motion
               to
               a
               body
               so
               disposed
               .
            
             
               Nor
               is
               it
               onely
               in
               such
               small
               and
               yielding
               bodies
               ,
               as
               Hats
               and
               Strings
               ,
               that
               Sounds
               that
               are
               not
               boisterous
               may
               produce
               sensible
               effects
               ,
               for
               ,
               if
               they
               be
               congruous
               to
               the
               Texture
               of
               the
               body
               they
               are
               to
               work
               on
               ,
               they
               may
               excite
               motions
               in
               it
               ,
               though
               it
               be
               either
               solid
               or
               very
               bulky
               :
               of
               which
               I
               shall
               here
               subjoyn
               a
               couple
               of
               instances
               .
            
             
               An
               ancient
               Musician
               affirmed
               to
               me
               ,
               that
               ,
               playing
               on
               a
               Base-viol
               in
               the
               chamber
               of
               one
               of
               his
               Scholars
               ,
               when
               he
               came
               to
               strike
               a
               certain
               Note
               on
               a
               particular
               string
               ,
               he
               heard
               an
               odd
               kind
               of
               jarring
               Noise
               ,
               which
               he
               
               thought
               at
               first
               had
               either
               been
               casual
               ,
               or
               proceeded
               from
               some
               fault
               in
               the
               string
               ;
               but
               ,
               having
               afterwards
               frequent
               occasion
               to
               play
               in
               that
               same
               room
               ,
               he
               plainly
               found
               ,
               that
               the
               Noise
               ,
               he
               marvelled
               at
               ,
               was
               made
               by
               the
               tremulous
               motion
               of
               a
               Casement
               of
               a
               window
               ,
               which
               would
               be
               made
               to
               tremble
               by
               a
               determinate
               sound
               of
               a
               particular
               string
               ,
               and
               not
               by
               other
               Notes
               ,
               whether
               higher
               or
               lower
               .
            
             
               To
               this
               first
               Instance
               I
               shall
               add
               the
               second
               ,
               which
               ,
               I
               confesse
               ,
               I
               was
               not
               forward
               to
               believe
               ,
               till
               trial
               had
               convinced
               me
               of
               the
               Truth
               ;
               and
               I
               scrupled
               it
               the
               rather
               ,
               because
               ,
               if
               the
               reflexion
               of
               determinate
               Sounds
               should
               appear
               to
               proceed
               from
               the
               peculiar
               kind
               of
               tremulous
               motion
               into
               which
               the
               parts
               of
               the
               resonant
               body
               are
               put
               ,
               it
               may
               incline
               men
               to
               so
               great
               a
               Paradox
               ,
               as
               to
               think
               ,
               that
               such
               a
               motion
               of
               the
               Air
               as
               our
               Bodies
               do
               not
               feel
               ,
               may
               produce
               a
               trembling
               in
               so
               solid
               a
               body
               as
               a
               Stone-wall
               of
               a
               great
               thickness
               .
               The
               Experiment
               or
               Observation
               it self
               I
               shall
               give
               you
               
               in
               the
               same
               words
               I
               set
               it
               down
               some
               hours
               after
               I
               made
               it
               ,
               which
               were
               these
               .
            
             
               Yesterday
               I
               went
               to
               satisfy
               my self
               of
               the
               truth
               of
               what
               had
               been
               told
               me
               by
               an
               ancient
               Musician
               ,
               to
               whom
               I
               had
               been
               relating
               what
               I
               had
               observed
               of
               the
               effects
               of
               some
               determinate
               Sounds
               even
               upon
               Solid
               bodies
               ,
               and
               of
               whom
               I
               enquired
               ,
               if
               he
               had
               met
               with
               any
               thing
               of
               the
               like
               nature
               :
               taking
               him
               along
               with
               me
               ,
               I
               found
               ,
               that
               though
               the
               place
               be
               but
               an
               Arch
               ,
               yet
               it
               would
               not
               answer
               to
               all
               notes
               indifferently
               ,
               when
               we
               stood
               in
               a
               certain
               place
               ,
               but
               to
               a
               determinate
               Note
               ,
               (
               which
               he
               afterwards
               told
               me
               was
               
                 Ce
                 fa
                 ut
              
               a
               little
               flatted
               ,
               )
               to
               which
               note
               it
               answered
               very
               resonantly
               ,
               and
               not
               sensibly
               to
               others
               ,
               which
               we
               made
               trial
               of
               ,
               whether
               higher
               or
               lower
               than
               it
               ;
               and
               ,
               (
               which
               added
               to
               the
               strangeness
               ,
               )
               when
               I
               made
               him
               raise
               his
               voice
               to
               an
               Eighth
               ,
               as
               consonant
               as
               those
               two
               Sounds
               are
               wont
               to
               be
               in
               all
               other
               cases
               ,
               the
               vaulted
               Arch
               did
               not
               appear
               
               to
               us
               affected
               with
               the
               Note
               .
               The
               Musician
               added
               ,
               that
               he
               had
               tried
               in
               most
               Arches
               all
               about
               the
               City
               ,
               and
               could
               not
               find
               such
               a
               peculiarity
               in
               them
               ,
               as
               being
               to
               be
               made
               resonant
               by
               all
               Notes
               or
               Sounds
               indifferently
               that
               were
               strong
               enough
               ;
               and
               also
               ,
               that
               as
               this
               Arch
               for
               this
               hundred
               years
               has
               been
               observed
               to
               have
               this
               property
               ,
               so
               an
               ancient
               and
               experienced
               Builder
               informed
               him
               ,
               that
               any
               Vault
               that
               were
               exquisitely
               built
               ,
               would
               peculiarly
               answer
               to
               some
               determinate
               Note
               or
               other
               .
            
          
           
             
             
               CHAP.
               VIII
               .
            
             
               
                 
                   Observat
                   .
                   VII
                
                 .
                 Men
                 look
                 upon
                 divers
                 Bodies
                 as
                 having
                 their
                 parts
                 in
                 a
                 state
                 of
                 absolute
                 Rest
                 ,
                 when
                 indeed
                 they
                 are
                 in
                 a
                 Forced
                 state
                 ,
                 as
                 of
                 Tension
                 ,
                 Compression
                 ,
                 &c.
                 
              
            
             
               THis
               Observation
               will
               probably
               seem
               paradoxicall
               .
               For
               ,
               when
               an
               intire
               Body
               ,
               especially
               if
               it
               be
               of
               a
               solid
               Consistence
               ,
               and
               seem
               to
               be
               of
               an
               homogeneous
               or
               uniform
               matter
               ,
               appears
               to
               be
               movelesse
               ,
               we
               are
               wont
               to
               take
               it
               for
               granted
               ,
               that
               the
               parts
               ,
               which
               that
               body
               is
               made
               up
               of
               ,
               are
               perfectly
               at
               Rest
               also
               .
               But
               yet
               this
               will
               scarce
               be
               thought
               a
               reasonable
               supposition
               ,
               if
               we
               do
               but
               rightly
               consider
               some
               obvious
               Phaenomena
               ,
               which
               may
               teach
               us
               ,
               that
               ,
               whilst
               a
               whole
               Body
               ,
               or
               the
               superficies
               that
               includes
               it
               ,
               retains
               its
               figure
               ,
               dimensions
               and
               distance
               from
               other
               stable
               Bodies
               that
               are
               near
               it
               ,
               the
               Corpuscles
               that
               compose
               it
               may
               have
               
               various
               and
               brisk
               motions
               and
               endeavours
               among
               themselves
               .
               As
               ,
               when
               a
               bar
               of
               iron
               or
               silver
               ,
               having
               been
               well
               hammered
               ,
               is
               newly
               taken
               off
               of
               the
               Anvill
               ;
               though
               the
               Eye
               can
               discern
               no
               motion
               in
               it
               ,
               yet
               the
               touch
               will
               readily
               perceive
               it
               to
               be
               very
               hot
               ,
               and
               ,
               if
               you
               spit
               upon
               it
               ,
               the
               brisk
               agitation
               of
               the
               insensible
               parts
               will
               become
               visible
               in
               that
               which
               they
               will
               produce
               in
               the
               liquour
               .
               Besides
               ,
               when
               the
               Lath
               of
               a
               Cross-bow
               stands
               bent
               ,
               though
               a
               man
               do
               neither
               by
               the
               Eye
               nor
               the
               Touch
               perceive
               any
               motion
               in
               the
               springy
               parts
               ,
               yet
               if
               the
               string
               be
               cut
               or
               broken
               ,
               the
               sudden
               and
               vehement
               motion
               of
               the
               Lath
               ,
               tending
               to
               restore
               it
               to
               the
               figure
               it
               had
               before
               it
               was
               bent
               ,
               discovers
               a
               springiness
               ;
               whence
               we
               conclude
               it
               was
               before
               in
               a
               state
               of
               violent
               Compression
               .
               And
               ,
               though
               the
               string
               of
               a
               bent
               Bow
               do
               likewise
               appear
               to
               be
               in
               a
               state
               of
               Rest
               ;
               yet
               ,
               if
               you
               cut
               it
               asunder
               ,
               the
               newly
               made
               extreams
               will
               fly
               from
               one
               another
               suddenly
               and
               forcibly
               enough
               
               
               
               
               
               to
               manifest
               ,
               that
               they
               were
               before
               in
               a
               violent
               state
               of
               Tension
               .
               And
               on
               this
               occasion
               I
               could
               add
               divers
               Instances
               taken
               not
               onely
               from
               the
               works
               of
               Art
               ,
               but
               those
               of
               Nature
               too
               ,
               if
               they
               did
               not
               belong
               to
               another
               paper
               :
               But
               ,
               one
               sort
               of
               Observations
               't
               will
               be
               proper
               to
               set
               down
               in
               this
               place
               ;
               because
               in
               those
               already
               mentioned
               ,
               the
               bow
               and
               string
               were
               brought
               into
               a
               violent
               state
               by
               the
               meer
               and
               immediate
               force
               of
               man.
               I
               shall
               therefore
               add
               ,
               that
               there
               are
               divers
               bodies
               ,
               in
               which
               ,
               though
               no
               such
               kind
               of
               force
               appears
               to
               have
               antecedently
               acted
               on
               them
               ,
               we
               may
               yet
               take
               notice
               of
               a
               state
               of
               violent
               Compression
               or
               Extension
               ,
               and
               a
               strong
               endeavour
               or
               tendency
               of
               the
               parts
               ,
               that
               to
               the
               Eye
               or
               the
               Touch
               seem
               at
               rest
               ,
               to
               shrink
               or
               to
               fly
               out
               ;
               and
               this
               endeavour
               may
               in
               some
               Cases
               be
               more
               lasting
               and
               more
               forcible
               than
               one
               would
               easily
               suspect
               or
               believe
               .
               But
               examples
               of
               this
               kind
               you
               must
               not
               expect
               that
               I
               should
               give
               you
               out
               of
               Classick
               Authours
               ,
               
               since
               in
               them
               't
               is
               like
               you
               have
               not
               met
               with
               either
               an
               Instance
               or
               a
               Conjecture
               to
               this
               purpose
               ;
               but
               some
               few
               things
               that
               I
               tried
               my self
               ,
               and
               some
               others
               that
               I
               learnt
               by
               Inquiry
               from
               some
               Tradesmen
               ,
               whom
               I
               judged
               likeliest
               to
               inform
               me
               ,
               I
               shall
               briefly
               acquaint
               you
               with
               .
            
             
               I
               have
               sometimes
               observed
               my self
               ,
               and
               have
               had
               the
               Observation
               confirmed
               to
               me
               by
               the
               ingeniouser
               Traders
               in
               Glass
               ;
               That
               a
               Glass
               ,
               that
               seemed
               to
               have
               been
               well
               baked
               ,
               or
               nealed
               ,
               (
               as
               they
               call
               it
               )
               would
               sometimes
               ,
               many
               days
               or
               weeks
               ,
               or
               perhaps
               months
               ,
               after
               it
               is
               taken
               from
               the
               fire
               ,
               crack
               of
               its
               own
               accord
               ;
               which
               seems
               for
               the
               most
               part
               to
               happen
               upon
               the
               score
               of
               the
               strong
               ,
               but
               unequall
               ,
               shrinking
               of
               the
               parts
               of
               the
               Glasse
               .
               And
               the
               Glass-men
               will
               tell
               you
               ,
               that
               ,
               if
               they
               take
               their
               Glasses
               too
               hastily
               from
               the
               fire
               ,
               not
               allowing
               them
               leisure
               to
               cool
               by
               degrees
               ,
               they
               will
               be
               very
               apt
               to
               crack
               .
               But
               I
               remember
               ,
               that
               ,
               to
               satisfy
               some
               Ingenious
               
               men
               ,
               I
               devised
               a
               way
               of
               exhibiting
               a
               much
               more
               quick
               and
               remarkable
               Phaenomenon
               of
               that
               kind
               .
               Having
               made
               then
               ,
               by
               a
               way
               I
               elsewhere
               teach
               ,
               a
               flat
               Lump
               of
               metalline
               Glass
               ,
               two
               or
               three
               or
               four
               times
               as
               thick
               as
               an
               ordinary
               Drinking-glass
               ,
               I
               observed
               ,
               as
               I
               expected
               ,
               that
               ,
               though
               it
               had
               been
               melted
               in
               a
               very
               gentle
               fire
               ,
               it
               s
               very
               fusible
               nature
               needing
               no
               other
               ,
               and
               though
               it
               were
               removed
               but
               very
               little
               from
               the
               fire
               ,
               it
               was
               so
               disposed
               to
               shrink
               upon
               a
               small
               degree
               of
               Refrigeration
               ,
               or
               rather
               abatement
               of
               Heat
               ,
               that
               ,
               before
               it
               was
               sensibly
               cold
               ,
               it
               would
               crack
               with
               a
               noise
               in
               so
               vehement
               a
               manner
               ,
               that
               ,
               notwithstanding
               the
               ponderousness
               of
               the
               matter
               ;
               which
               had
               been
               purposely
               laid
               upon
               a
               Levell
               ,
               parts
               of
               a
               considerable
               bulk
               ,
               weighing
               perhaps
               some
               Drams
               ,
               would
               fly
               ,
               to
               a
               not
               inconsiderable
               distance
               from
               one
               another
               .
               And
               this
               Experiment
               I
               took
               pleasure
               to
               make
               more
               than
               once
               .
               And
               if
               you
               will
               be
               content
               with
               an
               Instance
               
               which
               ,
               though
               otherwise
               much
               inferiour
               ,
               may
               not
               be
               unwelcome
               ,
               for
               its
               being
               easily
               and
               readily
               made
               ;
               I
               shall
               offer
               you
               one
               that
               I
               have
               often
               repeated
               .
               Take
               a
               piece
               of
               Copper
               ,
               (
               if
               the
               Plate
               be
               thick
               ,
               't
               is
               so
               much
               the
               better
               ,
               )
               and
               ,
               having
               throughly
               brought
               it
               to
               a
               red
               or
               white
               Heat
               among
               kindled
               Coals
               ,
               take
               it
               from
               the
               fire
               ,
               and
               when
               it
               begins
               to
               cool
               a
               little
               ,
               hold
               it
               over
               a
               sheet
               or
               two
               of
               white
               Paper
               ,
               and
               you
               will
               perceive
               good
               store
               of
               flakes
               to
               fly
               off
               ,
               not
               without
               some
               little
               noise
               ,
               one
               after
               the
               other
               ,
               and
               sometimes
               perhaps
               as
               far
               as
               the
               farthermost
               edges
               of
               the
               paper
               ;
               which
               flakes
               or
               scales
               seem
               by
               their
               brittleness
               and
               colour
               ,
               to
               be
               but
               parts
               of
               the
               surface
               of
               the
               metal
               vitrified
               by
               the
               vehement
               action
               of
               the
               fire
               ,
               and
               afterwards
               by
               a
               too
               hasty
               refrigeration
               shrinking
               so
               violently
               ,
               as
               to
               crack
               and
               leap
               from
               one
               another
               ,
               like
               the
               contiguous
               parts
               of
               the
               string
               of
               a
               Viol
               or
               other
               Musical
               Instrument
               ,
               that
               breaks
               by
               the
               moisture
               of
               the
               Air.
               And
               on
               
               this
               occasion
               I
               shall
               add
               ,
               that
               ,
               having
               afterwards
               inquired
               of
               an
               expert
               Artificer
               ,
               that
               made
               metalline
               Concaves
               ,
               about
               the
               shrinking
               of
               his
               mixtures
               of
               metalls
               ,
               he
               confessed
               to
               me
               ,
               that
               he
               usually
               observed
               them
               to
               shrink
               upon
               Refrigeration
               .
               And
               the
               like
               I
               my self
               have
               observed
               in
               Iron
               of
               a
               great
               thickness
               ,
               and
               purposely
               fitted
               to
               a
               hollow
               body
               of
               metall
               ,
               which
               it
               would
               not
               enter
               when
               it
               was
               ignited
               ,
               though
               it
               would
               when
               't
               was
               cold
               .
               But
               to
               shew
               you
               by
               a
               notable
               Instance
               or
               two
               ,
               both
               that
               Metals
               may
               shrink
               ,
               and
               that
               they
               may
               doe
               so
               with
               a
               very
               considerable
               force
               ,
               I
               shall
               add
               ,
               that
               I
               found
               by
               inquiry
               ,
               that
               the
               lately
               mentioned
               Artificer
               ,
               after
               he
               had
               made
               some
               large
               Concaves
               of
               an
               unfit
               mixture
               of
               metals
               ,
               and
               having
               removed
               them
               from
               the
               fire
               ,
               had
               been
               very
               carefull
               to
               keep
               the
               cold
               Air
               from
               them
               ,
               lest
               they
               should
               cool
               too
               hastily
               ,
               observed
               yet
               to
               his
               great
               loss
               ,
               that
               ,
               when
               they
               came
               to
               be
               further
               refrigerated
               ,
               they
               would
               (
               perhaps
               after
               three
               hours
               )
               crack
               with
               a
               great
               noise
               ,
               
               though
               this
               metalline
               mixture
               were
               perchance
               harder
               than
               Iron
               ,
               and
               three
               or
               four
               times
               as
               thick
               as
               common
               Looking-glasses
               .
               But
               the
               misfortune
               of
               another
               Tradesman
               afforded
               me
               a
               yet
               more
               considerable
               Phaenomenon
               .
               For
               this
               excellent
               Artificer
               ,
               whom
               I
               often
               employ
               ,
               and
               with
               whom
               I
               was
               a
               while
               since
               discoursing
               of
               these
               matters
               ,
               complain'd
               to
               me
               ,
               that
               ,
               having
               lately
               cast
               a
               kind
               of
               Bell-metall
               upon
               a
               very
               strong
               solid
               Instrument
               of
               Iron
               of
               a
               considerable
               superficial
               Area
               ,
               though
               the
               metal
               were
               suffer'd
               in
               a
               warm
               room
               to
               cool
               ,
               from
               about
               eight
               a
               clock
               on
               Saturday
               night
               till
               about
               ten
               or
               twelve
               on
               Monday
               morning
               ,
               and
               were
               then
               (
               which
               is
               to
               be
               noted
               )
               considerably
               hot
               to
               the
               touch
               ;
               yet
               it
               cool'd
               so
               far
               ,
               that
               ,
               shrinking
               from
               the
               Iron
               that
               would
               not
               shrink
               with
               it
               ,
               the
               Bell-metall
               cracked
               in
               divers
               places
               with
               noises
               loud
               as
               the
               Report
               of
               a
               Pistoll
               ,
               though
               the
               metall
               ,
               he
               affirm'd
               to
               me
               ,
               was
               an
               inch
               and
               half
               ,
               or
               two
               inches
               thick
               .
               And
               the
               same
               
               person
               shewed
               me
               a
               large
               Cylinder
               of
               Iron
               ,
               about
               which
               ,
               for
               a
               certain
               purpose
               ,
               a
               Coat
               of
               Bell-metall
               had
               been
               cast
               some
               days
               before
               ,
               on
               which
               (
               Bell-metall
               )
               there
               was
               a
               crack
               near
               one
               end
               made
               by
               the
               coldness
               of
               the
               Iron
               ,
               though
               the
               thickness
               of
               the
               Bell-metall
               ,
               as
               near
               as
               I
               could
               measure
               it
               ,
               exceeded
               an
               inch
               ,
               and
               (
               as
               the
               Workman
               affirmed
               )
               an
               inch
               and
               a
               quarter
               .
            
             
               Nor
               is
               it
               onely
               in
               such
               mixtures
               as
               Bell-metall
               ,
               which
               ,
               though
               very
               hard
               ,
               may
               be
               very
               brittle
               ,
               but
               even
               in
               a
               metal
               that
               is
               malleable
               when
               cold
               ,
               that
               the
               like
               Phaenomenon
               may
               be
               met
               with
               ,
               as
               I
               have
               been
               assured
               by
               another
               ingenious
               Artificer
               ,
               of
               whom
               I
               inquired
               ,
               whether
               he
               had
               taken
               notice
               of
               the
               shrinking
               of
               metalls
               ;
               who
               affirm'd
               to
               me
               ,
               that
               ,
               having
               had
               occasion
               to
               cast
               about
               a
               Cylinder
               of
               Iron
               a
               ring
               or
               hoop
               of
               Brass
               ,
               he
               found
               to
               his
               trouble
               ,
               that
               ,
               when
               the
               metall
               began
               to
               cool
               ,
               the
               parts
               shrunk
               from
               one
               another
               so
               as
               to
               leave
               a
               gaping
               crack
               ,
               which
               he
               was
               fain
               to
               
               fill
               up
               with
               soulder
               quite
               crosse
               the
               breadth
               of
               the
               ring
               ,
               though
               this
               were
               above
               an
               inch
               thick
               .
            
             
               I
               should
               not
               ,
               Pyrophilus
               ,
               have
               in
               this
               Chapter
               entertained
               you
               with
               more
               Experiments
               of
               others
               than
               of
               my
               own
               ,
               if
               I
               had
               the
               conveniency
               of
               living
               near
               Founders
               of
               metalls
               ,
               as
               the
               Tradesmen
               had
               whose
               Observations
               I
               have
               rectied
               ,
               and
               whose
               sincerity
               in
               them
               I
               had
               no
               cause
               to
               question
               .
               And
               both
               their
               Experiments
               and
               mine
               seem
               to
               teach
               ,
               that
               a
               body
               may
               be
               brought
               into
               a
               state
               of
               Tension
               ,
               as
               well
               by
               being
               expanded
               and
               stretch'd
               by
               the
               action
               of
               the
               fire
               upon
               the
               minute
               parts
               ,
               as
               by
               the
               action
               of
               an
               external
               Agent
               upon
               the
               intire
               body
               .
               And
               ,
               to
               speak
               more
               generally
               ,
               the
               state
               of
               violent
               Contraction
               and
               Compression
               may
               not
               unfitly
               be
               illustrated
               by
               a
               Bow
               that
               is
               bent
               .
               For
               ,
               as
               the
               Bow
               it self
               is
               brought
               to
               a
               state
               of
               Compression
               by
               the
               force
               of
               the
               Archer
               ,
               that
               bent
               it
               ;
               so
               by
               the
               Elastical
               force
               of
               the
               bent
               Bow
               ,
               the
               string
               is
               brought
               into
               a
               violent
               state
               
               of
               Tension
               ,
               as
               may
               be
               made
               evident
               by
               the
               cutting
               off
               the
               string
               in
               the
               middle
               ;
               for
               then
               both
               the
               Bow
               will
               fly
               suddenly
               outwards
               ,
               and
               the
               parts
               of
               the
               string
               will
               swiftly
               and
               violently
               shrink
               from
               one
               another
               .
               And
               according
               to
               this
               Doctrine
               ,
               the
               effect
               of
               other
               bodies
               upon
               such
               as
               are
               thus
               brought
               into
               ,
               what
               men
               call
               ,
               a
               Preternatural
               state
               ,
               is
               not
               to
               be
               judg'd
               barely
               according
               to
               usual
               measures
               ,
               but
               with
               respect
               to
               this
               latent
               Disposition
               of
               the
               Patient
               :
               as
               ,
               for
               instance
               ,
               though
               the
               string
               of
               a
               Viol
               not
               screwed
               up
               ,
               will
               not
               be
               hardned
               by
               the
               vapours
               that
               imbue
               the
               Air
               in
               moist
               weather
               ;
               yet
               a
               neighbouring
               string
               of
               the
               same
               Instrument
               ,
               though
               perhaps
               much
               stronger
               ,
               being
               screw'd
               up
               ,
               and
               thereby
               stretched
               ,
               will
               be
               so
               affected
               with
               those
               vapours
               ,
               as
               to
               break
               with
               noise
               and
               violence
               .
               And
               so
               when
               one
               part
               of
               a
               piece
               of
               Glass
               is
               made
               as
               hot
               as
               can
               be
               ,
               without
               appearing
               discolour'd
               to
               the
               Eye
               ,
               though
               a
               drop
               or
               two
               of
               cold
               water
               have
               no
               effect
               upon
               the
               other
               part
               of
               
               the
               same
               Glasse
               ,
               yet
               if
               it
               touch
               the
               heated
               part
               ,
               whose
               wonted
               extension
               (
               as
               I
               have
               elsewhere
               proved
               )
               is
               alter'd
               by
               the
               fire
               that
               vehemently
               agitates
               the
               component
               particles
               ,
               the
               cracking
               of
               the
               Glass
               will
               almost
               always
               presently
               ensue
               .
            
             
               If
               against
               these
               Instances
               it
               be
               alledged
               ,
               that
               it
               is
               possible
               to
               assign
               another
               cause
               of
               the
               seemingly
               spontaneous
               breaking
               of
               the
               bodies
               mention'd
               in
               this
               Chapter
               ,
               than
               that
               which
               I
               have
               propos'd
               ,
               it
               will
               not
               much
               concern
               this
               Discourse
               to
               examine
               the
               Allegation
               ;
               for
               ,
               whatever
               the
               latent
               Cause
               of
               the
               Phaenomena
               may
               be
               ,
               the
               manifest
               Circumstances
               of
               them
               suffice
               to
               shew
               ,
               that
               bodies
               ,
               which
               ,
               as
               to
               sense
               ,
               are
               in
               a
               natural
               state
               of
               Rest
               ,
               may
               be
               in
               a
               violent
               one
               ,
               as
               of
               Tension
               ,
               and
               may
               have
               ,
               either
               upon
               the
               score
               of
               the
               contexture
               of
               the
               parts
               among
               themselves
               ,
               or
               upon
               that
               of
               some
               interfluent
               subtile
               matter
               ,
               or
               some
               other
               Physical
               Agent
               ,
               a
               strong
               endeavour
               to
               fly
               off
               or
               recede
               from
               one
               another
               ;
               and
               that
               ,
               
               in
               divers
               bodies
               ,
               the
               cause
               of
               this
               endeavour
               may
               act
               more
               vigorously
               than
               one
               would
               easily
               believe
               :
               and
               this
               suffices
               to
               serve
               the
               turn
               of
               this
               Discourse
               .
               For
               I
               presume
               that
               a
               person
               of
               your
               Principles
               will
               allow
               ,
               that
               Local
               Motion
               must
               be
               produc'd
               by
               Local
               Motion
               ,
               and
               consequently
               ,
               that
               ,
               without
               a
               very
               strong
               ,
               though
               invisible
               and
               unheeded
               one
               ,
               such
               hard
               and
               solid
               bodies
               as
               thick
               pieces
               of
               metall
               could
               not
               be
               made
               to
               crack
               .
            
             
               I
               know
               not
               whether
               I
               may
               on
               this
               occasion
               acquaint
               you
               with
               an
               odd
               Relation
               I
               had
               from
               a
               very
               honest
               and
               credible
               ,
               as
               well
               as
               experienced
               ,
               Artist
               ,
               whom
               I
               ,
               for
               those
               reasons
               ,
               have
               several
               times
               made
               choice
               to
               deal
               with
               about
               precious
               Stones
               ,
               and
               other
               things
               belonging
               to
               the
               Jewellers
               and
               Goldsmiths
               trades
               .
               For
               ,
               considering
               with
               him
               one
               day
               a
               large
               lump
               of
               matter
               ,
               which
               contained
               several
               Stones
               that
               he
               took
               for
               course
               Agats
               ,
               and
               which
               were
               joyned
               together
               by
               a
               Cement
               ,
               that
               in
               most
               places
               was
               harder
               than
               most
               ordinary
               
               Stones
               ,
               I
               perceived
               that
               there
               remained
               divers
               pretty
               large
               cavities
               in
               this
               Cement
               ,
               which
               seemed
               to
               have
               contained
               such
               Stones
               as
               those
               that
               yet
               made
               parts
               of
               the
               lump
               .
               Upon
               which
               occasion
               he
               affirmed
               to
               me
               ,
               that
               several
               of
               the
               Stones
               grew
               whilst
               they
               were
               lodg'd
               in
               those
               cavities
               .
               And
               when
               I
               told
               him
               ,
               that
               ,
               though
               I
               had
               been
               long
               of
               an
               opinion
               ,
               that
               Stones
               may
               receive
               an
               increment
               after
               their
               first
               formation
               ,
               yet
               I
               did
               not
               see
               how
               any
               such
               thing
               appeared
               by
               those
               we
               were
               looking
               upon
               :
               He
               gave
               me
               in
               many
               words
               an
               account
               of
               his
               Assertion
               ,
               which
               I
               reduced
               to
               this
               ,
               that
               the
               Stones
               he
               spoke
               of
               ,
               did
               ,
               after
               they
               were
               first
               formed
               ,
               really
               tend
               to
               expand
               themselves
               by
               virtue
               of
               some
               Principle
               of
               growth
               ,
               which
               he
               could
               not
               intelligibly
               describe
               ;
               but
               that
               these
               Stones
               being
               lodg'd
               in
               a
               Cement
               extreamly
               hard
               ,
               and
               therefore
               not
               capable
               of
               being
               forced
               to
               give
               way
               ,
               their
               expansive
               endeavour
               was
               rendered
               ineffectual
               ,
               but
               not
               destroyed
               :
               so
               that
               when
               afterwards
               these
               
               Stones
               came
               to
               be
               taken
               out
               of
               the
               Cement
               wherein
               they
               were
               bedded
               ,
               and
               to
               whose
               sides
               't
               is
               like
               they
               were
               not
               exquisitely
               congruous
               ,
               the
               comprest
               Stones
               ,
               having
               their
               sides
               now
               no
               longer
               wedged
               in
               by
               the
               harder
               Cement
               ,
               quickly
               expanded
               themselves
               ,
               as
               if
               't
               were
               by
               an
               internal
               and
               violently
               comprest
               spring
               ,
               and
               would
               presently
               burst
               asunder
               ,
               some
               into
               two
               ,
               and
               some
               into
               more
               pieces
               :
               of
               which
               he
               presented
               many
               to
               his
               friends
               ,
               but
               yet
               had
               reserved
               some
               ,
               whereof
               he
               presented
               me
               one
               ,
               that
               I
               have
               yet
               by
               me
               ,
               together
               with
               some
               of
               the
               mass
               ,
               whose
               Cement
               I
               find
               to
               bear
               a
               better
               polish
               than
               marble
               ,
               and
               to
               be
               very
               much
               harder
               than
               it
               .
               And
               ,
               in
               answer
               to
               some
               questions
               of
               mine
               ,
               he
               told
               me
               ,
               that
               he
               had
               taken
               up
               these
               Stones
               himself
               ,
               naming
               the
               place
               to
               me
               ,
               which
               was
               not
               very
               far
               off
               ,
               and
               that
               he
               observed
               all
               that
               he
               told
               me
               himself
               ,
               and
               more
               than
               once
               or
               twice
               ,
               and
               that
               I
               needed
               not
               suspect
               ,
               as
               I
               seemed
               to
               doe
               ,
               that
               't
               was
               the
               strokes
               employed
               to
               force
               the
               
               Stones
               out
               of
               their
               Beds
               ,
               that
               made
               them
               break
               .
               For
               ,
               besides
               that
               many
               of
               them
               ,
               which
               (
               it
               seems
               )
               were
               not
               comprest
               enough
               ,
               did
               not
               break
               ,
               several
               of
               those
               ,
               that
               did
               ,
               were
               taken
               out
               ,
               without
               offering
               them
               any
               such
               violence
               ,
               as
               that
               their
               bursting
               could
               with
               any
               probability
               be
               imputed
               to
               it
               .
            
          
           
             
             
               CHAP.
               IX
               .
            
             
               
                 
                   Observat
                   .
                   VIII
                
                 .
                 One
                 main
                 cause
                 why
                 such
                 Motions
                 as
                 we
                 speak
                 of
                 are
                 overlook'd
                 ,
                 is
                 ,
                 That
                 we
                 are
                 scarce
                 wont
                 to
                 take
                 notice
                 but
                 of
                 those
                 motions
                 of
                 Solid
                 bodies
                 ,
                 wherein
                 one
                 whole
                 Body
                 drives
                 away
                 another
                 ,
                 or
                 at
                 least
                 knocks
                 visibly
                 against
                 it
                 ,
                 whereas
                 many
                 effects
                 proceed
                 from
                 the
                 intestine
                 motions
                 produced
                 by
                 the
                 external
                 Agent
                 ,
                 in
                 ,
                 and
                 among
                 ,
                 the
                 parts
                 of
                 the
                 same
                 body
                 .
              
            
             
               THis
               Observation
               is
               like
               to
               be
               much
               more
               readily
               understood
               than
               granted
               ,
               and
               therefore
               I
               shall
               offer
               by
               way
               of
               proof
               the
               following
               Experiments
               .
            
             
               We
               caused
               in
               a
               large
               brass
               Stop-cock
               the
               movable
               part
               to
               be
               nimbly
               turned
               to
               and
               fro
               in
               the
               contiguous
               cavity
               of
               that
               part
               that
               was
               made
               to
               receive
               it
               ,
               in
               that
               part
               of
               the
               Instrument
               that
               is
               wont
               to
               be
               kept
               fixt
               .
               And
               though
               this
               motion
               of
               the
               Key
               
               were
               made
               onely
               by
               the
               bare
               hand
               ,
               yet
               in
               a
               short
               time
               the
               mutual
               attrition
               of
               the
               contiguous
               parts
               of
               the
               Instrument
               made
               so
               brisk
               an
               agitation
               in
               the
               other
               parts
               ,
               that
               the
               incalescence
               made
               the
               metal
               it self
               to
               swell
               ,
               insomuch
               that
               the
               Key
               could
               no
               more
               be
               turned
               ,
               but
               remained
               fixt
               ,
               as
               if
               it
               had
               been
               wedged
               in
               ,
               so
               that
               ,
               to
               make
               it
               work
               as
               before
               ,
               it
               was
               necessary
               by
               cooling
               it
               to
               make
               it
               shrink
               a
               little
               ,
               and
               so
               take
               off
               the
               mutual
               pressure
               of
               the
               Key
               ,
               and
               the
               other
               part
               of
               the
               Stop-cock
               .
               Nor
               is
               this
               to
               be
               looked
               on
               as
               a
               casual
               Experiment
               ;
               for
               ,
               besides
               that
               it
               was
               made
               more
               than
               once
               ,
               and
               is
               very
               analogous
               to
               some
               other
               trials
               of
               mine
               ;
               I
               found
               ,
               that
               a
               maker
               of
               such
               Instruments
               complained
               to
               me
               ,
               that
               he
               was
               several
               times
               forced
               to
               intermit
               his
               work
               ,
               and
               plunge
               his
               Instrument
               in
               cold
               water
               ,
               before
               he
               could
               ,
               by
               grinding
               ,
               adjust
               the
               Key
               to
               the
               cavity
               it
               ought
               to
               fit
               .
            
             
               I
               presume
               I
               need
               not
               take
               notice
               to
               you
               ,
               that
               this
               Experiment
               confirms
               
               what
               I
               elsewhere
               mention
               of
               the
               dilatation
               of
               metals
               themselves
               by
               Heat
               ,
               and
               therefore
               I
               proceed
               to
               the
               next
               Instance
               .
            
             
               This
               is
               afforded
               by
               the
               known
               Experiment
               of
               passing
               one
               's
               wetted
               finger
               upon
               the
               orifice
               of
               a
               Drinking-glass
               almost
               fill'd
               with
               water
               .
               For
               ,
               though
               the
               Eye
               does
               not
               immediately
               discern
               any
               motion
               ,
               that
               ,
               by
               reason
               of
               the
               pressure
               of
               the
               finger
               ,
               is
               made
               by
               one
               part
               of
               the
               glass
               upon
               another
               ;
               yet
               ,
               That
               a
               vibrating
               motion
               is
               thereby
               produced
               ,
               may
               be
               argued
               by
               the
               dancing
               of
               the
               water
               ,
               especially
               that
               which
               is
               contiguous
               to
               the
               prest
               sides
               of
               the
               glass
               ,
               by
               which
               't
               is
               oftentimes
               so
               agitated
               ,
               that
               numerous
               drops
               are
               made
               to
               leap
               quite
               over
               ,
               and
               others
               are
               tossed
               up
               to
               a
               good
               height
               into
               the
               Air.
               And
               that
               there
               may
               be
               considerable
               motions
               in
               the
               sides
               of
               the
               glass
               ,
               whilst
               it
               does
               not
               break
               in
               pieces
               ,
               we
               may
               probably
               guess
               by
               this
               ,
               that
               ,
               in
               Drinking-glasses
               artificially
               cut
               by
               a
               spiral
               line
               ,
               both
               I
               ,
               and
               others
               ,
               have
               
               often
               found
               by
               trial
               ,
               that
               ,
               a
               glass
               being
               dextrously
               inverted
               and
               shaken
               ,
               the
               parts
               will
               vibrate
               up
               and
               down
               so
               manifestly
               ,
               as
               sometimes
               to
               lengthen
               the
               glass
               ,
               by
               my
               estimate
               ,
               a
               quarter
               of
               an
               inch
               or
               more
               ,
               and
               yet
               ,
               the
               glass
               being
               set
               again
               upon
               its
               foot
               ,
               it
               appeared
               that
               it
               had
               not
               been
               hereby
               at
               all
               injured
               .
            
             
               That
               two
               pieces
               of
               Iron
               or
               Steel
               ,
               by
               being
               strongly
               rubbed
               against
               one
               another
               ,
               will
               at
               length
               acquire
               a
               temporary
               Heat
               ,
               is
               not
               hard
               to
               be
               believed
               :
               but
               that
               an
               edg'd
               Tool
               of
               hardened
               Steel
               should
               ,
               by
               having
               its
               edge
               rubbed
               against
               ,
               have
               a
               manifest
               and
               permanent
               change
               made
               in
               its
               Texture
               ,
               you
               did
               not
               perhaps
               suspect
               ;
               and
               yet
               ,
               having
               had
               the
               Curiosity
               to
               cause
               some
               metals
               ,
               and
               particularly
               Iron
               and
               Steel
               ,
               to
               be
               turned
               by
               an
               excellent
               Artificer
               ,
               I
               learned
               partly
               by
               his
               experience
               ,
               and
               partly
               by
               my
               own
               ,
               that
               the
               edge
               of
               the
               Steel-tool
               ,
               with
               which
               he
               by
               degrees
               shaved
               off
               the
               protuberant
               parts
               of
               the
               metal
               ,
               would
               be
               so
               heated
               and
               agitated
               ,
               
               that
               ,
               in
               no
               long
               time
               ,
               if
               care
               were
               not
               taken
               to
               prevent
               it
               ,
               the
               tool
               would
               be
               brought
               to
               look
               of
               blewish
               and
               yellowish
               colours
               ,
               and
               ,
               permanently
               losing
               its
               former
               temper
               ,
               would
               become
               so
               soft
               ,
               as
               to
               be
               uselesse
               for
               its
               former
               work
               ,
               unlesse
               it
               were
               again
               artificially
               hardened
               :
               and
               therefore
               ,
               to
               prevent
               the
               trouble
               of
               tempering
               his
               tools
               again
               ,
               this
               Artist
               ,
               from
               time
               to
               time
               ,
               dipt
               it
               ,
               when
               it
               began
               to
               grow
               too
               hot
               ,
               into
               a
               certain
               liquour
               ,
               which
               he
               affirms
               ,
               upon
               much
               experience
               to
               have
               a
               peculiar
               fitness
               for
               that
               purpose
               .
            
             
               Nor
               is
               it
               always
               necessary
               that
               the
               body
               ,
               that
               makes
               the
               parts
               of
               an
               inanimate
               body
               work
               considerably
               on
               one
               another
               ,
               should
               be
               either
               very
               hard
               ,
               or
               impetuously
               moved
               .
               For
               ,
               I
               remember
               ,
               that
               ,
               having
               once
               by
               me
               some
               short
               bars
               of
               fine
               Tin
               ,
               I
               resolved
               to
               try
               whether
               ,
               meerly
               with
               my
               naked
               hands
               ,
               (
               which
               you
               know
               are
               none
               of
               the
               strongest
               or
               hardest
               ,
               )
               ▪
               I
               could
               not
               procure
               a
               considerable
               internal
               Commotion
               among
               the
               parts
               ;
               
               and
               accordingly
               ,
               laying
               hold
               on
               the
               two
               ends
               of
               the
               bar
               with
               my
               two
               hands
               ,
               I
               slowly
               bent
               the
               bar
               towards
               me
               and
               from
               me
               two
               or
               three
               times
               ,
               and
               having
               by
               this
               means
               broke
               or
               cracked
               it
               in
               the
               midst
               ,
               I
               perceived
               ,
               as
               I
               expected
               ,
               that
               the
               middle
               parts
               had
               considerably
               heated
               each
               other
               .
            
             
               What
               use
               may
               be
               made
               of
               this
               Experiment
               in
               the
               search
               of
               the
               hidden
               cause
               of
               Elasticity
               ,
               would
               be
               less
               properly
               considered
               in
               this
               place
               than
               in
               another
               .
               But
               since
               I
               have
               named
               that
               Quality
               ,
               I
               shall
               take
               this
               rise
               to
               intimate
               ,
               that
               if
               the
               restitution
               of
               a
               springy
               body
               ,
               sorcibly
               bent
               ,
               proceed
               onely
               (
               as
               some
               Learned
               Moderns
               would
               have
               it
               )
               from
               the
               endeavour
               of
               the
               comprest
               parts
               themselves
               to
               recover
               their
               former
               state
               ,
               one
               may
               not
               impertinently
               take
               notice
               of
               the
               Elasticity
               that
               Iron
               ,
               Silver
               and
               Brass
               acquire
               by
               hammering
               ,
               among
               the
               Instances
               that
               shew
               what
               in
               some
               cases
               may
               be
               done
               by
               a
               motion
               wherein
               the
               parts
               of
               the
               same
               body
               are
               ,
               by
               
               an
               almost
               unheeded
               force
               ,
               put
               to
               act
               upon
               one
               another
               .
               But
               if
               Springiness
               depend
               chiefly
               upon
               the
               pervasion
               of
               a
               subtile
               matter
               ,
               as
               the
               Cartesians
               would
               have
               it
               ,
               then
               the
               Instances
               will
               properly
               belong
               to
               another
               Subject
               .
            
             
               §
               The
               foregoing
               Examples
               may
               also
               suffice
               to
               make
               out
               (
               what
               I
               am
               unwilling
               to
               refer
               to
               another
               Head
               )
               this
               subordinate
               Observation
               ,
               That
               men
               are
               more
               usually
               than
               justly
               prepossessed
               with
               an
               opinion
               ,
               that
               nothing
               considerable
               is
               to
               be
               expected
               from
               the
               motion
               of
               a
               body
               against
               another
               ,
               unless
               the
               former
               do
               make
               a
               manifest
               percussion
               or
               trusion
               of
               the
               latter
               .
               But
               ,
               because
               this
               prepossession
               especially
               prevails
               in
               cases
               where
               the
               body
               that
               is
               by
               friction
               or
               attrition
               to
               affect
               the
               other
               ,
               is
               it self
               soft
               or
               yielding
               ,
               I
               shall
               on
               this
               occasion
               add
               a
               few
               Instances
               to
               remove
               this
               Prejudice
               .
            
             
               An
               Artist
               ,
               eminent
               for
               grinding
               of
               Optical
               glasses
               ,
               confessed
               to
               me
               ,
               that
               sometimes
               when
               he
               went
               about
               
               to
               polish
               his
               broader
               glasses
               ,
               though
               but
               upon
               a
               piece
               of
               Leather
               sprinkled
               with
               Puttee
               ,
               that
               friction
               did
               so
               heat
               or
               otherwise
               agitate
               the
               parts
               of
               the
               glass
               ,
               as
               ,
               to
               his
               great
               loss
               ,
               〈◊〉
               make
               it
               crack
               from
               the
               edge
               to
               the
               middle
               ;
               which
               seemed
               the
               more
               strange
               ,
               because
               we
               fee
               ,
               what
               intense
               degrees
               of
               Heat
               glasses
               will
               endure
               without
               cracking
               ,
               if
               the
               fire
               be
               but
               gradually
               applied
               ,
               as
               this
               Artist's
               glasses
               mus●
               have
               been
               gradually
               heated
               .
            
             
               But
               I
               think
               it
               worth
               inquiry
               ,
               whether
               in
               this
               case
               the
               whole
               work
               be
               performed
               by
               meer
               Heat
               ,
               and
               whether
               there
               intervene
               not
               a
               peculiar
               kind
               of
               motion
               ,
               into
               which
               some
               bodies
               are
               disposed
               to
               be
               put
               by
               a
               peculiar
               kind
               of
               friction
               ,
               which
               seems
               fitted
               to
               produce
               in
               manifestly
               springy
               bodies
               ,
               and
               perhaps
               in
               some
               others
               ,
               (
               of
               which
               divers
               may
               be
               springy
               that
               are
               not
               commonly
               taken
               to
               be
               so
               ,
               )
               such
               a
               vibrating
               or
               reciprocal
               motion
               ,
               as
               may
               have
               some
               notable
               effects
               ,
               that
               are
               not
               wont
               to
               be
               produced
               by
               
               moderate
               Heats
               ,
               nor
               always
               by
               intense
               ones
               themselves
               .
               The
               trembling
               of
               the
               parts
               of
               a
               Drinking-glass
               ,
               and
               the
               visible
               vibration
               of
               the
               long
               and
               great
               strings
               of
               a
               Base-viol
               ,
               upon
               peculiar
               sounds
               ,
               may
               give
               some
               countenance
               to
               this
               conjecture
               .
               And
               that
               in
               some
               bodies
               there
               may
               be
               such
               a
               tremulous
               motion
               produced
               ,
               by
               rubbing
               them
               upon
               so
               soft
               a
               thing
               as
               Wool
               ,
               or
               upon
               a
               piece
               of
               Cloath
               ,
               I
               tried
               by
               this
               Experiment
               :
            
             
               We
               cast
               into
               a
               hollow
               Vessel
               ,
               very
               smooth
               within
               ,
               and
               of
               an
               almost
               Hemispherical
               figure
               ,
               severall
               ounces
               of
               good
               melted
               Brimstone
               ,
               and
               having
               suffered
               it
               to
               cool
               ,
               and
               taken
               it
               out
               ,
               the
               Convex
               surface
               ,
               as
               had
               been
               desired
               ,
               came
               off
               well
               polished
               ;
               then
               this
               conveniently
               shaped
               lump
               ,
               which
               had
               (
               if
               I
               well
               remember
               )
               four
               or
               five
               inches
               in
               Diameter
               ,
               being
               briskly
               rubbed
               in
               the
               same
               line
               forwards
               and
               backwards
               ,
               upon
               a
               Cushion
               or
               some
               such
               woollen
               thing
               ,
               in
               a
               place
               free
               from
               other
               noises
               ,
               I
               could
               ,
               by
               holding
               my
               ear
               to
               it
               ,
               and
               attentively
               listening
               ,
               
               plainly
               hear
               a
               crackling
               noise
               made
               by
               the
               agitated
               parts
               ,
               which
               continued
               a
               brisk
               ,
               and
               ,
               as
               I
               supposed
               ,
               a
               vibrating
               motion
               for
               some
               time
               after
               the
               friction
               was
               ended
               .
            
             
               That
               there
               may
               be
               a
               considerable
               Commotion
               produced
               among
               the
               internal
               parts
               of
               bodies
               ,
               by
               rubbing
               them
               even
               against
               soft
               bodies
               ,
               I
               have
               divers
               times
               observed
               ,
               by
               the
               sulphureous
               steams
               that
               I
               could
               smell
               ,
               if
               ,
               after
               having
               a
               little
               rubbed
               a
               lump
               of
               good
               Sulphur
               upon
               my
               Cloaths
               ,
               I
               presently
               held
               it
               to
               my
               nose
               .
               Which
               brings
               into
               my
               mind
               ,
               that
               I
               have
               had
               the
               like
               effect
               from
               much
               harder
               and
               closer
               bodies
               than
               Sulphur
               ,
               when
               they
               were
               rubbed
               upon
               bodies
               that
               were
               so
               too
               .
               For
               having
               purposely
               taken
               hard
               Stones
               cut
               out
               of
               mens
               Bladders
               ,
               and
               rubbed
               a
               couple
               of
               them
               a
               little
               against
               one
               another
               ,
               they
               quickly
               afforded
               ,
               as
               I
               expected
               ,
               a
               rank
               smell
               of
               stale
               Urin.
               
            
             
               That
               Diamonds
               themselves
               will
               ,
               by
               rubbing
               upon
               woollen
               cloaths
               ,
               be
               made
               Electrical
               ,
               seems
               to
               argue
               ,
               that
               
               even
               Their
               parts
               are
               set
               a
               moving
               :
               And
               that
               the
               Commotion
               reaches
               to
               the
               internal
               parts
               ,
               I
               am
               the
               more
               apt
               to
               think
               ,
               because
               I
               have
               a
               Diamond
               ,
               that
               ,
               if
               I
               rub
               it
               well
               and
               luckily
               against
               my
               Cloaths
               ,
               will
               ,
               for
               a
               little
               while
               ,
               shine
               or
               glimmer
               in
               the
               dark
               ;
               which
               is
               the
               same
               Phaenomenon
               that
               I
               elsewhere
               relate
               my self
               to
               have
               produced
               in
               the
               King
               's
               larger
               Diamond
               ,
               by
               giving
               it
               one
               brisk
               stroke
               with
               the
               point
               of
               a
               bodkin
               ,
               where
               the
               Light
               that
               presently
               appeared
               in
               the
               Gem
               ,
               seemed
               not
               referrable
               to
               any
               thing
               so
               likely
               as
               the
               sudden
               Commotion
               made
               in
               the
               internal
               parts
               of
               that
               peculiarly
               constituted
               Stone
               .
            
             
               What
               a
               peculiar
               modification
               of
               motion
               ,
               distinct
               from
               its
               degrees
               of
               Impetus
               ,
               may
               doe
               in
               Fluid
               bodies
               ,
               we
               have
               formerly
               in
               this
               Essay
               taken
               notice
               of
               .
               But
               perhaps
               it
               may
               be
               worth
               while
               to
               enquire
               ,
               what
               kinds
               there
               are
               of
               it
               ,
               and
               what
               effects
               they
               may
               have
               in
               the
               parts
               of
               Solid
               bodies
               themselves
               .
               For
               I
               have
               observed
               ,
               
               that
               though
               those
               Stones
               that
               the
               Italian
               Glass-men
               use
               are
               very
               hard
               ,
               and
               ,
               if
               I
               misremember
               not
               ,
               have
               several
               times
               afforded
               me
               sparks
               of
               fire
               by
               Collision
               ;
               yet
               ,
               by
               rubbing
               them
               a
               little
               one
               against
               another
               ,
               I
               found
               ,
               that
               such
               an
               agitation
               was
               made
               in
               their
               parts
               ,
               as
               to
               make
               them
               throw
               out
               store
               of
               foetid
               exhalations
               :
               And
               't
               is
               possibly
               to
               the
               stony
               Ingredient
               that
               Glass
               owes
               the
               Quality
               I
               have
               observed
               in
               it
               ,
               and
               elsewhere
               mentioned
               ,
               of
               emitting
               offensive
               steams
               .
               And
               't
               is
               remarkable
               to
               our
               present
               purpose
               ,
               that
               ,
               though
               so
               vehement
               an
               agitation
               of
               the
               parts
               ,
               as
               is
               given
               to
               Glass
               by
               Heat
               ,
               when
               't
               is
               made
               almost
               red-hot
               in
               the
               fire
               ,
               does
               not
               make
               it
               sensibly
               emit
               odours
               ;
               yet
               barely
               by
               dextrously
               rubbing
               two
               solid
               pieces
               of
               Glass
               against
               one
               another
               ,
               one
               may
               ,
               in
               a
               minute
               of
               an
               hour
               ,
               make
               those
               fixed
               bodies
               emit
               such
               copious
               steams
               as
               I
               found
               ,
               not
               onely
               sensibly
               ,
               but
               rankly
               ,
               foetid
               ;
               though
               one
               would
               think
               those
               stinking
               exhalations
               very
               indisposed
               to
               be
               forced
               off
               ,
               since
               they
               
               were
               not
               expelled
               by
               the
               vehement
               fire
               ,
               that
               the
               Glass
               long
               endured
               in
               the
               furnace
               where
               't
               was
               kept
               melted
               .
            
             
               There
               are
               few
               things
               that
               shew
               better
               ,
               both
               how
               the
               parts
               of
               Inorganical
               bodies
               communicate
               their
               vibrating
               motions
               to
               one
               another
               ,
               and
               how
               brisk
               those
               motions
               are
               ,
               than
               that
               which
               happens
               upon
               the
               striking
               of
               a
               large
               Bell
               with
               a
               Clapper
               or
               a
               Hammer
               .
               For
               though
               the
               stroak
               be
               immediately
               made
               but
               upon
               one
               part
               ;
               yet
               the
               motion
               ,
               thereby
               produced
               ,
               is
               propagated
               to
               the
               opposite
               ,
               and
               the
               successive
               vibrations
               of
               the
               small
               parts
               do
               ,
               even
               in
               so
               solid
               and
               close
               a
               body
               as
               Bell-metal
               ,
               run
               many
               times
               round
               ;
               as
               may
               appear
               by
               the
               durableness
               of
               the
               ringing
               noise
               ,
               which
               seems
               plainly
               to
               proceed
               from
               the
               circularly
               successive
               vibrations
               of
               the
               parts
               ,
               which
               ,
               unless
               they
               briskly
               tremble
               themselves
               ,
               can
               scarcely
               be
               conceived
               to
               be
               fitted
               to
               give
               the
               Air
               that
               tremulous
               motion
               ,
               whose
               effect
               on
               the
               Ear
               ,
               when
               the
               first
               and
               
               loud
               noise
               ,
               made
               by
               the
               percussion
               ,
               is
               past
               ,
               we
               call
               Ringing
               .
               And
               this
               motion
               of
               the
               parts
               of
               the
               sounding
               Bell
               may
               be
               further
               argued
               by
               this
               ,
               that
               ,
               if
               the
               finger
               ,
               or
               some
               other
               soft
               body
               ,
               be
               laid
               upon
               it
               ,
               the
               sound
               will
               be
               checked
               or
               deaded
               ,
               and
               much
               more
               ,
               if
               a
               broad
               string
               ,
               though
               of
               a
               soft
               substance
               ,
               be
               tied
               about
               it
               .
               And
               not
               onely
               an
               attentive
               Ear
               may
               often
               make
               us
               guess
               ,
               that
               the
               ringing
               sound
               is
               produced
               by
               a
               motion
               propagated
               circularly
               in
               the
               Bell
               ,
               but
               this
               vibrating
               motion
               may
               sometimes
               be
               also
               felt
               by
               the
               tremulous
               motion
               communicated
               by
               the
               trembling
               parts
               of
               the
               Bell
               to
               the
               finger
               ,
               that
               is
               warily
               applied
               to
               it
               .
               That
               this
               motion
               passes
               in
               a
               round
               ,
               from
               one
               side
               of
               the
               Bell
               to
               the
               other
               ,
               seems
               manifest
               by
               the
               great
               difference
               of
               sound
               ,
               especially
               in
               regard
               of
               ringing
               ,
               that
               may
               be
               observed
               in
               a
               sound
               Bell
               ,
               and
               in
               a
               crack'd
               one
               ;
               where
               yet
               all
               the
               matter
               and
               the
               former
               figure
               are
               preserved
               ,
               onely
               the
               intireness
               or
               continuity
               ,
               which
               is
               necessary
               to
               the
               circulation
               
               (
               if
               I
               may
               so
               call
               it
               )
               of
               the
               tremulous
               motion
               ,
               is
               at
               the
               Crack
               stopt
               or
               hindred
               .
               And
               that
               the
               motion
               of
               the
               parts
               is
               very
               brisk
               ,
               may
               be
               guessed
               partly
               by
               what
               has
               been
               said
               already
               ;
               but
               much
               more
               if
               that
               be
               true
               ,
               which
               ,
               not
               onely
               is
               traditionally
               reported
               by
               many
               ,
               but
               has
               been
               affirmed
               to
               me
               by
               several
               Artificers
               that
               deal
               in
               Bells
               ,
               who
               averred
               ,
               as
               an
               experienced
               thing
               ,
               That
               if
               a
               conveniently
               sized
               Bell
               were
               bound
               about
               ,
               any
               thing
               hard
               ,
               with
               a
               broad
               string
               ,
               and
               then
               struck
               with
               the
               usual
               force
               ,
               that
               it
               would
               otherwise
               bear
               very
               well
               ;
               that
               percussion
               would
               break
               it
               ,
               giving
               a
               disorderly
               check
               to
               the
               brisk
               motion
               of
               the
               parts
               of
               the
               Bell
               ,
               whereof
               some
               happening
               to
               be
               much
               more
               (
               and
               otherwise
               )
               agitated
               than
               others
               ,
               the
               force
               of
               their
               motion
               surmounts
               that
               of
               their
               Cohesion
               ,
               and
               so
               produces
               a
               Crack
               .
            
             
               But
               ,
               in
               regard
               great
               Bells
               are
               not
               easie
               to
               be
               procured
               ,
               nor
               to
               be
               managed
               when
               one
               has
               accesse
               to
               them
               ,
               I
               shall
               add
               ,
               that
               I
               took
               the
               Bell
               of
               a
               
               large
               Watch
               ,
               or
               very
               small
               Clock
               made
               of
               fine
               Bell-metall
               ,
               which
               had
               no
               handle
               or
               other
               thing
               put
               to
               it
               ,
               save
               a
               little
               Bodkin
               or
               skiver
               of
               wood
               ,
               whose
               point
               we
               thrust
               into
               the
               hole
               that
               is
               usually
               left
               in
               the
               middle
               of
               the
               Basis
               ;
               and
               this
               sharp
               piece
               of
               wood
               serving
               for
               a
               handle
               to
               keep
               the
               Bell
               steady
               enough
               ,
               we
               placed
               in
               the
               cavity
               of
               it
               ,
               near
               the
               edges
               ,
               (
               for
               that
               Circumstance
               must
               not
               be
               omitted
               ,
               )
               some
               black
               mineral
               Sand
               ,
               or
               ,
               in
               want
               of
               that
               ,
               some
               small
               filings
               of
               Steel
               or
               Copper
               ,
               or
               some
               other
               such
               minute
               and
               solid
               Powder
               ,
               which
               yet
               must
               not
               be
               too
               small
               ,
               and
               then
               striking
               moderately
               with
               the
               Key
               against
               the
               side
               of
               the
               Bell
               ,
               we
               observed
               ,
               (
               as
               we
               expected
               )
               that
               ,
               whilst
               it
               continued
               briskly
               ringing
               ,
               it
               made
               many
               of
               the
               filings
               to
               dance
               up
               and
               down
               ,
               and
               sometimes
               to
               leap
               up
               ,
               almost
               like
               the
               drops
               of
               Water
               ,
               formerly
               mentioned
               to
               skip
               ,
               when
               the
               brim
               of
               the
               Glass
               was
               circularly
               prest
               by
               the
               wetted
               finger
               .
               Which
               prompts
               me
               to
               add
               ,
               that
               ,
               having
               put
               a
               middle-sized
               
               drop
               of
               water
               (
               for
               in
               this
               case
               the
               quantity
               is
               a
               considerable
               Circumstance
               )
               near
               the
               lower
               edge
               of
               the
               Bell
               ,
               't
               was
               easie
               to
               make
               it
               visibly
               tremble
               ,
               and
               be
               as
               it
               were
               covered
               over
               with
               little
               waves
               ,
               by
               a
               somewhat
               brisk
               stroke
               of
               the
               Key
               on
               the
               opposite
               side
               .
               And
               this
               effect
               was
               more
               conspicuous
               ,
               when
               a
               very
               large
               drop
               of
               water
               was
               placed
               near
               the
               edge
               ,
               on
               the
               convex
               side
               of
               a
               hand-Bell
               ,
               whose
               Clapper
               was
               kept
               from
               any
               where
               touching
               the
               inside
               of
               it
               .
               And
               to
               obviate
               their
               jealousie
               ,
               that
               ,
               not
               having
               seen
               the
               manner
               of
               the
               above-mentioned
               motion
               of
               the
               Sand
               ,
               might
               suspect
               that
               't
               was
               produced
               by
               the
               impulse
               which
               the
               Bell
               ,
               as
               an
               intire
               body
               ,
               received
               from
               the
               percussion
               made
               by
               the
               Key
               ,
               we
               several
               times
               forbare
               putting-in
               the
               filings
               ,
               till
               after
               the
               stroke
               had
               been
               given
               ;
               which
               satisfied
               the
               Spectatours
               ,
               that
               the
               dancing
               and
               leaping
               of
               the
               minute
               bodies
               proceeded
               from
               the
               same
               drisk
               vibrations
               of
               the
               small
               parts
               of
               the
               Bell
               ,
               which
               ,
               at
               the
               same
               time
               
               striking
               also
               the
               Air
               ,
               produced
               a
               ringing
               sound
               ,
               which
               might
               very
               well
               ,
               as
               it
               did
               ,
               out-last
               the
               skipping
               of
               the
               filings
               ;
               the
               exceedingly
               minute
               particles
               of
               the
               Air
               being
               much
               more
               easily
               agitable
               ,
               than
               the
               comparatively
               gross
               and
               heavy
               Corpuscles
               of
               the
               Powder
               .
               And
               this
               success
               our
               Experiment
               had
               in
               a
               Bell
               ,
               that
               little
               exceeded
               an
               inch
               and
               half
               in
               Diameter
               .
            
             
               And
               here
               ,
               Pyroph
               .
               I
               shall
               put
               an
               end
               to
               this
               Rhapsody
               of
               Observations
               ,
               hoping
               ,
               that
               ,
               among
               so
               many
               of
               them
               ,
               some
               or
               other
               will
               be
               able
               to
               engage
               you
               ,
               if
               not
               to
               conclude
               ,
               yet
               at
               least
               to
               suspect
               ,
               that
               such
               Local
               motions
               ,
               as
               are
               wont
               either
               to
               be
               past-by
               unobserved
               ,
               or
               be
               thought
               not
               worth
               the
               observing
               ,
               may
               have
               a
               notable
               operation
               ,
               though
               not
               upon
               the
               generality
               of
               bodies
               ,
               yet
               upon
               such
               as
               are
               peculiarly
               disposed
               to
               admit
               it
               ,
               and
               so
               may
               have
               a
               considerable
               share
               in
               the
               production
               of
               divers
               difficult
               Phaenomena
               of
               nature
               ,
               that
               are
               wont
               to
               be
               referred
               to
               less
               genuine
               ,
               as
               well
               as
               less
               intelligible
               ,
               Causes
               .
            
             
               FINIS
               .
            
             
             
          
        
         
      
       
         
           
             
             
             
               AN
               Experimental
               Discourse
               Of
               some
               UNHEEDED
               CAUSES
               OF
               THE
               Insalubrity
               and
               Salubrity
               OF
               THE
               AIR
               ,
               Being
               a
               Part
               of
               an
               intended
               Natural
               History
               of
               AIR
               .
            
             
               LONDON
               ,
               Printed
               by
               
                 M.
                 Flesher
              
               ,
               for
               
                 Richard
                 Davis
              
               ,
               Bookseller
               in
               Oxford
               .
               1685.
               
            
          
           
             
             
             
               THE
               Preface
               .
            
             
               HAving
               heretofore
               had
               occasion
               to
               draw
               together
               under
               certain
               Heads
               ,
               divers
               unpublish'd
               Observations
               and
               Experiments
               of
               my
               own
               ,
               and
               some
               of
               other
               men
               ,
               by
               way
               of
               
                 Memorials
                 for
                 a
                 Natural
                 History
                 of
                 the
                 Air
              
               ;
               I
               thought
               fit
               by
               more
               largely
               treating
               of
               two
               or
               three
               of
               the
               Subjects
               distinctly
               mention'd
               in
               my
               Scheme
               of
               Titles
               ,
               to
               give
               a
               Semplar
               or
               Specimen
               of
               what
               may
               be
               done
               upon
               the
               other
               Heads
               of
               the
               designed
               History
               .
               Vpon
               this
               account
               
               I
               treated
               somewhat
               largely
               of
               the
               
                 Salubrity
                 and
                 Insalubrity
                 of
                 the
                 Air
                 ,
              
               as
               a
               Subject
               ,
               which
               for
               the
               importance
               of
               it
               to
               Mens
               healths
               and
               lives
               ,
               I
               thought
               deserv'd
               to
               be
               attentively
               consider'd
               ,
               and
               have
               its
               Causes
               diligently
               inquir'd
               into
               .
               And
               having
               observ'd
               that
               among
               the
               six
               principal
               Causes
               of
               the
               healthfulness
               or
               insalubrity
               of
               the
               Air
               ,
               namely
               the
               Climate
               ,
               the
               Soil
               ,
               the
               Situation
               of
               the
               Place
               ,
               the
               Seasons
               of
               the
               Year
               ,
               the
               
                 raigning
                 winds
              
               and
               Contingencies
               (
               whether
               more
               or
               less
               frequent
               )
               and
               especially
               
                 Subterraneal
                 Steams
              
               ,
               having
               I
               say
               observ'd
               that
               among
               these
               Causes
               there
               was
               one
               ,
               viz.
               the
               last
               nam'd
               ,
               about
               which
               ,
               I
               thought
               I
               could
               offer
               something
               ,
               that
               I
               had
               not
               met
               with
               in
               the
               Books
               of
               Physicians
               that
               treat
               of
               it
               ;
               I
               was
               thereby
               invited
               to
               set
               down
               my
               Thoughts
               and
               Observations
               by
               way
               of
               Conjectures
               ,
               which
               I
               was
               made
               to
               believe
               would
               appear
               uncommon
               ,
               and
               
               would
               not
               prove
               useless
               .
               These
               Observations
               and
               Reflexions
               I
               referr'd
               for
               clearness
               and
               distinctions
               sake
               to
               four
               Propositions
               .
               But
               when
               I
               had
               gone
               thorough
               the
               three
               first
               ,
               and
               made
               some
               progress
               in
               the
               fourth
               ,
               being
               hinder'd
               by
               divers
               Avocations
               to
               make
               an
               end
               of
               it
               ,
               I
               laid
               by
               the
               whole
               Discourse
               in
               a
               place
               which
               I
               thought
               a
               safe
               one
               ,
               but
               when
               afterwards
               I
               had
               some
               opportunity
               to
               dispatch
               what
               remain'd
               ,
               I
               found
               all
               the
               diligence
               I
               us'd
               to
               retrieve
               the
               entire
               Manuscript
               unsuccessfull
               .
               At
               this
               surprizing
               Accident
               I
               confess
               I
               was
               somewhat
               troubled
               ;
               because
               whatever
               may
               be
               thought
               of
               the
               discursive
               part
               of
               those
               Papers
               ,
               the
               Historical
               part
               contain'd
               divers
               matters
               of
               Fact
               ,
               that
               I
               did
               not
               meet
               with
               in
               Books
               ,
               nor
               can
               now
               distinctly
               remember
               ,
               and
               will
               not
               perhaps
               be
               lighted
               on
               by
               even
               Physicians
               ,
               or
               such
               Naturalists
               as
               derive
               their
               knowledge
               onely
               
               from
               them
               .
               'T
               is
               upon
               this
               consideration
               ,
               that
               having
               afterwards
               met
               with
               many
               Papers
               that
               belong'd
               to
               most
               parts
               of
               the
               unhappy
               discourse
               ,
               I
               thought
               fit
               to
               put
               them
               together
               in
               the
               best
               order
               I
               could
               ,
               that
               I
               might
               not
               loose
               what
               might
               give
               some
               light
               to
               so
               important
               a
               Subject
               as
               the
               Theory
               of
               Diseases
               .
               And
               this
               course
               I
               the
               rather
               pitch'd
               upon
               ,
               because
               before
               the
               Papers
               about
               the
               Salubrity
               of
               the
               Air
               ,
               I
               miss'd
               two
               other
               of
               my
               Manuscripts
               ,
               whereof
               the
               former
               contain'd
               a
               Cellection
               of
               Medicinal
               things
               ,
               and
               the
               second
               a
               defence
               of
               the
               Mechanical
               way
               of
               Philosophizing
               about
               Natural
               Things
               ,
               as
               it
               respects
               Religion
               .
               And
               I
               remember'd
               that
               having
               formerly
               lost
               a
               Manuscript
               I
               was
               much
               concern'd
               for
               ,
               I
               purposely
               made
               a
               noise
               of
               it
               ,
               whence
               I
               suppos'd
               the
               Plagiary
               would
               conclude
               himself
               unable
               to
               make
               it
               pass
               for
               his
               .
               And
               in
               effect
               
               the
               Book
               was
               in
               a
               while
               after
               privately
               brought
               back
               ,
               so
               that
               I
               found
               it
               laid
               in
               a
               By-place
               ,
               where
               I
               had
               before
               as
               fruitlesly
               as
               carefully
               sought
               it
               .
            
          
        
         
           
             
             
             
               AN
               Experimental
               Discourse
               Of
               some
               Unheeded
               CAUSES
               OF
               THE
               Insalubrity
               and
               Salubrity
               OF
               THE
               AIR
               ,
               &c.
               
            
             
               THE
               sixth
               and
               last
               thing
               upon
               which
               the
               Salubrity
               and
               Insalubrity
               of
               the
               Air
               depends
               ,
               is
               the
               impregnation
               it
               receives
               from
               Subterraneal
               Effluvia
               .
               And
               ,
               though
               this
               be
               a
               cause
               not
               wont
               to
               be
               much
               heeded
               by
               Physicians
               themselves
               ;
               yet
               I
               take
               it
               to
               be
               oftentimes
               one
               of
               
               the
               most
               considerable
               in
               its
               effects
               .
            
             
               The
               Effluvia
               that
               pass
               into
               the
               Air
               ,
               may
               be
               distinguish'd
               into
               several
               sorts
               ,
               according
               to
               their
               respective
               Natures
               ,
               as
               has
               been
               elsewhere
               shewn
               ;
               wherefore
               I
               shall
               now
               only
               take
               notice
               of
               the
               differences
               that
               may
               be
               taken
               from
               place
               and
               time
               ;
               upon
               which
               account
               we
               may
               consider
               ,
               that
               some
               of
               them
               arise
               from
               the
               Crust
               (
               if
               I
               may
               so
               call
               it
               )
               or
               more
               superficial
               parts
               of
               the
               Earth
               ;
               and
               others
               have
               a
               deeper
               Original
               ,
               ascending
               out
               of
               the
               lower
               parts
               ,
               and
               as
               it
               were
               Bowels
               ,
               of
               the
               Terraqueous
               Globe
               .
               And
               to
               this
               difference
               taken
               from
               place
               ,
               I
               must
               add
               another
               ,
               perhaps
               no
               less
               considerable
               ,
               afforded
               by
               Time
               ;
               which
               difference
               relates
               chiefly
               to
               the
               second
               sort
               of
               Steams
               newly
               mentioned
               .
            
             
               Of
               the
               Subterraneal
               Effluvia
               ,
               some
               are
               almost
               constantly
               or
               daily
               sent
               up
               into
               the
               Air
               ,
               and
               those
               I
               therefore
               call
               
                 Ordinary
                 Emissions
              
               ;
               and
               others
               ascend
               into
               the
               Air
               but
               at
               times
               ,
               which
               are
               not
               seldom
               distant
               
               enough
               from
               one
               another
               ,
               and
               those
               I
               call
               
                 Extraordinary
                 Emissions
              
               ;
               whether
               they
               come
               at
               stated
               times
               ,
               and
               so
               deserve
               the
               title
               of
               Periodical
               ,
               or
               else
               uncertainly
               ,
               sometimes
               with
               far
               greater
               ,
               sometimes
               with
               far
               smaller
               intervals
               ,
               and
               so
               may
               be
               called
               fortuitous
               or
               irregular
               .
               But
               ,
               though
               I
               thought
               it
               might
               render
               what
               I
               am
               about
               to
               say
               more
               clear
               ,
               if
               I
               made
               and
               premised
               the
               two
               foregoing
               distinctions
               ,
               yet
               because
               in
               many
               cases
               ,
               Nature
               does
               not
               appear
               solicitous
               to
               observe
               them
               ,
               but
               at
               the
               same
               time
               imbues
               the
               Air
               with
               Steams
               referable
               to
               divers
               Members
               of
               these
               distinctions
               ,
               I
               shall
               several
               times
               ,
               though
               not
               always
               ,
               take
               the
               liberty
               to
               imitate
               her
               ,
               and
               consider
               the
               Effluvia
               of
               the
               
                 Terraqueous
                 Globe
              
               ,
               in
               the
               more
               general
               Notion
               ,
               that
               they
               are
               so
               .
            
             
               I
               know
               't
               is
               frequently
               observed
               ,
               and
               usually
               granted
               ,
               that
               Marrish
               Grounds
               ,
               and
               wet
               Soils
               are
               wont
               to
               be
               unhealthfull
               ,
               because
               of
               the
               moist
               and
               crude
               vapours
               ,
               that
               the
               stagnating
               
               waters
               send
               up
               too
               copiously
               into
               the
               Air.
               And
               on
               the
               other
               side
               ,
               dry
               Soils
               are
               ,
               because
               of
               their
               being
               such
               ,
               generally
               lookt
               upon
               as
               healthy
               .
               Nor
               do
               I
               deny
               ,
               that
               these
               Observations
               do
               most
               commonly
               hold
               true
               ;
               but
               yet
               I
               think
               ,
               that
               besides
               what
               can
               be
               justly
               ascribed
               to
               the
               moist
               vapours
               ,
               or
               dry
               Exhalations
               ,
               we
               have
               been
               speaking
               of
               ;
               in
               many
               places
               the
               healthfulness
               and
               insalubrity
               of
               the
               Air
               may
               be
               ascribed
               to
               other
               sorts
               of
               Effluvia
               from
               the
               Soil
               ,
               than
               those
               that
               act
               merely
               ,
               or
               perhaps
               principally
               ,
               as
               these
               are
               either
               moist
               or
               dry
               .
            
             
               
                 PROPOSITION
                 I.
                 
              
               
                 TO
                 deliver
                 my
                 Thoughts
                 about
                 this
                 matter
                 somewhat
                 more
                 distinctly
                 ,
                 I
                 shall
                 lay
                 them
                 down
                 in
                 the
                 four
                 ensuing
                 Observations
                 or
                 Propositions
                 ,
                 whereof
                 the
                 first
                 shall
                 be
                 this
                 :
                 
                   It
                   seems
                   probable
                   that
                   in
                   divers
                   places
                   ,
                   the
                   Salubrity
                   or
                   Insalubrity
                   of
                   the
                   Air
                   considered
                   in
                   the
                   general
                   ,
                   may
                
                 
                 
                   be
                   in
                   good
                   part
                   due
                   to
                   subterraneal
                   Expirations
                   ,
                   especially
                   to
                   those
                   that
                   I
                   lately
                   call'd
                   Ordinary
                   Emissions
                   .
                
                 For
                 in
                 some
                 places
                 the
                 Air
                 is
                 observ'd
                 to
                 be
                 much
                 more
                 healthy
                 ,
                 than
                 the
                 manifest
                 qualities
                 of
                 it
                 would
                 make
                 one
                 expect
                 :
                 and
                 in
                 divers
                 of
                 these
                 Cases
                 I
                 see
                 no
                 Cause
                 to
                 which
                 such
                 a
                 happy
                 Constitution
                 ,
                 may
                 more
                 probably
                 be
                 ascrib'd
                 ,
                 than
                 to
                 friendly
                 Effluvia
                 sent
                 up
                 from
                 the
                 Soil
                 into
                 the
                 Air
                 ;
                 which
                 Particles
                 either
                 by
                 promoting
                 transpiration
                 (
                 that
                 great
                 instrument
                 of
                 health
                 and
                 recovery
                 ;
                 )
                 or
                 by
                 hindering
                 the
                 production
                 ,
                 or
                 checking
                 the
                 Activity
                 ,
                 of
                 Morbifick
                 ferments
                 ;
                 or
                 by
                 mortifying
                 and
                 disabling
                 some
                 noxious
                 Particles
                 ,
                 that
                 would
                 otherwise
                 infest
                 the
                 Air
                 ,
                 or
                 by
                 other
                 ways
                 ,
                 that
                 I
                 shall
                 not
                 now
                 stay
                 to
                 enumerate
                 ;
                 may
                 not
                 a
                 little
                 contribute
                 to
                 keep
                 the
                 Bodies
                 of
                 those
                 that
                 live
                 in
                 that
                 Air
                 ,
                 in
                 that
                 regular
                 and
                 desirable
                 state
                 ,
                 we
                 call
                 Health
                 .
                 I
                 know
                 indeed
                 that
                 't
                 is
                 generally
                 thought
                 ,
                 and
                 often
                 true
                 ,
                 that
                 Mineral
                 Bodies
                 do
                 
                 send
                 up
                 Exhalations
                 ,
                 hurtfull
                 not
                 only
                 to
                 Plants
                 ,
                 but
                 to
                 Men
                 ;
                 but
                 when
                 we
                 mean
                 Subterraneal
                 things
                 indefinitely
                 ,
                 though
                 (
                 Men
                 are
                 wont
                 to
                 look
                 upon
                 them
                 but
                 slightly
                 under
                 a
                 general
                 confused
                 Notion
                 )
                 we
                 employ
                 a
                 word
                 more
                 comprehensive
                 than
                 most
                 men
                 are
                 aware
                 of
                 ,
                 there
                 being
                 a
                 great
                 variety
                 ,
                 as
                 well
                 as
                 multitude
                 of
                 Bodies
                 ,
                 that
                 Nature
                 has
                 lodg'd
                 in
                 her
                 dark
                 Store-houses
                 under
                 the
                 surface
                 of
                 the
                 Earth
                 .
                 And
                 of
                 these
                 differing
                 sorts
                 of
                 Bodies
                 ,
                 though
                 't
                 is
                 probable
                 that
                 the
                 greatest
                 part
                 are
                 such
                 whose
                 Effluvia
                 are
                 unhealthfull
                 to
                 Men
                 ,
                 yet
                 there
                 may
                 be
                 others
                 whose
                 Emanations
                 may
                 be
                 friendly
                 to
                 him
                 ;
                 I
                 have
                 known
                 it
                 observ'd
                 that
                 over
                 some
                 Tin
                 Mines
                 in
                 the
                 Western
                 parts
                 of
                 England
                 ,
                 not
                 only
                 Trees
                 ,
                 but
                 far
                 more
                 tender
                 Plants
                 ,
                 as
                 Grass
                 ,
                 are
                 wont
                 to
                 prosper
                 and
                 flourish
                 ,
                 and
                 (
                 if
                 I
                 much
                 misremember
                 not
                 )
                 I
                 have
                 seen
                 verdent
                 Trees
                 growing
                 just
                 over
                 a
                 vein
                 of
                 another
                 sort
                 of
                 Mineral
                 ,
                 that
                 lay
                 near
                 the
                 surface
                 of
                 the
                 Earth
                 :
                 And
                 't
                 is
                 
                 likewise
                 observable
                 about
                 those
                 that
                 constantly
                 dig
                 in
                 those
                 Tin-Mines
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 do
                 not
                 lead
                 a
                 short
                 and
                 sickly
                 life
                 as
                 in
                 many
                 others
                 ,
                 but
                 arrive
                 at
                 a
                 great
                 and
                 vigorous
                 Age.
                 And
                 an
                 Ancient
                 Possessor
                 of
                 some
                 of
                 these
                 Mines
                 being
                 askt
                 by
                 me
                 ,
                 whether
                 amongst
                 the
                 otherwise
                 differing
                 Exhalations
                 that
                 ascended
                 into
                 the
                 Air
                 ,
                 he
                 did
                 not
                 find
                 a
                 difference
                 as
                 to
                 smell
                 bad
                 or
                 good
                 ;
                 he
                 answer'd
                 ,
                 that
                 though
                 most
                 of
                 those
                 visible
                 fumes
                 had
                 a
                 smell
                 that
                 participated
                 enough
                 of
                 Sulphur
                 or
                 Bitumen
                 to
                 be
                 offensive
                 ,
                 yet
                 some
                 others
                 were
                 so
                 far
                 from
                 being
                 ungratefull
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 were
                 well
                 scented
                 .
                 And
                 on
                 this
                 occasion
                 I
                 remember
                 ,
                 that
                 not
                 long
                 since
                 ,
                 a
                 Friend
                 of
                 mine
                 ,
                 and
                 another
                 Virtuoso
                 ,
                 being
                 Partners
                 in
                 a
                 chargeable
                 Attempt
                 to
                 discover
                 a
                 Mine
                 ,
                 in
                 digging
                 deep
                 for
                 it
                 ,
                 they
                 accidentally
                 broke
                 into
                 a
                 vast
                 Subterraneal
                 Cavern
                 ,
                 into
                 which
                 ,
                 because
                 the
                 Diggers
                 would
                 not
                 venture
                 to
                 descend
                 ,
                 one
                 of
                 these
                 curious
                 Gentlemen
                 caused
                 himself
                 to
                 be
                 
                 let
                 down
                 ,
                 and
                 there
                 found
                 the
                 Air
                 very
                 temperate
                 and
                 refreshing
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 he
                 long
                 breath'd
                 it
                 with
                 delight
                 ,
                 and
                 on
                 the
                 floor
                 ,
                 or
                 Soil
                 (
                 which
                 reach'd
                 farther
                 than
                 he
                 could
                 discover
                 )
                 he
                 found
                 many
                 and
                 various
                 Minerals
                 most
                 of
                 them
                 embryonated
                 ,
                 or
                 imperfectly
                 form'd
                 ,
                 and
                 store
                 of
                 a
                 kind
                 of
                 Mineral
                 Earth
                 ,
                 whose
                 smell
                 was
                 fragrant
                 and
                 very
                 pleasant
                 both
                 in
                 his
                 Judgment
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 of
                 some
                 Ladies
                 .
                 And
                 though
                 ,
                 when
                 some
                 of
                 those
                 Minerals
                 were
                 brought
                 to
                 me
                 ,
                 a
                 small
                 lump
                 of
                 this
                 Earth
                 that
                 was
                 among
                 them
                 ,
                 had
                 been
                 kept
                 so
                 long
                 in
                 the
                 Air
                 ,
                 as
                 to
                 spend
                 most
                 of
                 its
                 Odoriferous
                 Particles
                 ,
                 yet
                 the
                 smell
                 it
                 still
                 retain'd
                 ,
                 was
                 ,
                 though
                 but
                 faint
                 ,
                 yet
                 pleasing
                 .
              
               
                 That
                 from
                 Fossiles
                 that
                 lye
                 hid
                 under
                 the
                 surface
                 of
                 the
                 Earth
                 ,
                 and
                 have
                 a
                 considerably
                 large
                 Spread
                 ,
                 there
                 may
                 ascend
                 store
                 of
                 wholsome
                 Effluvia
                 into
                 the
                 Air
                 ,
                 seem'd
                 to
                 me
                 the
                 more
                 probable
                 by
                 what
                 I
                 noted
                 at
                 my
                 last
                 being
                 in
                 Ireland
                 ,
                 where
                 ,
                 being
                 invited
                 by
                 a
                 Brother
                 of
                 mine
                 
                 to
                 pass
                 some
                 time
                 in
                 a
                 Countrey
                 house
                 of
                 his
                 ,
                 to
                 which
                 there
                 belong'd
                 a
                 very
                 large
                 Sheep-walk
                 that
                 produc'd
                 short
                 ,
                 but
                 excellent
                 Grass
                 ;
                 I
                 learn'd
                 (
                 and
                 was
                 easily
                 perswaded
                 by
                 some
                 things
                 I
                 took
                 notice
                 of
                 )
                 that
                 this
                 place
                 was
                 justly
                 reputed
                 very
                 healthfull
                 ,
                 and
                 this
                 Salubrity
                 of
                 the
                 Air
                 ,
                 together
                 with
                 the
                 sweetness
                 of
                 the
                 Grass
                 ,
                 some
                 circumstances
                 invited
                 me
                 to
                 ascribe
                 to
                 this
                 ;
                 That
                 the
                 Soil
                 was
                 sustain'd
                 by
                 a
                 large
                 tract
                 of
                 Limestone
                 ,
                 which
                 I
                 suppos'd
                 to
                 emit
                 continual
                 exhalations
                 into
                 the
                 Air
                 ;
                 which
                 conjecture
                 will
                 perhaps
                 with
                 the
                 less
                 scruple
                 be
                 assented
                 to
                 ,
                 if
                 I
                 add
                 that
                 it
                 has
                 been
                 long
                 and
                 generally
                 observ'd
                 ,
                 that
                 as
                 far
                 as
                 the
                 Limestone
                 extends
                 ,
                 that
                 tract
                 of
                 ground
                 makes
                 the
                 Snow
                 that
                 falls
                 on
                 it
                 thaw
                 ,
                 or
                 melt
                 much
                 sooner
                 ,
                 than
                 it
                 does
                 on
                 the
                 Neighbouring
                 Lands
                 .
              
               
                 After
                 I
                 had
                 made
                 this
                 Observation
                 ,
                 I
                 mention'd
                 it
                 in
                 discourse
                 to
                 an
                 inquisitive
                 Person
                 ,
                 that
                 had
                 seen
                 and
                 been
                 employed
                 about
                 several
                 Mines
                 ;
                 and
                 I
                 asked
                 him
                 whether
                 he
                 had
                 met
                 
                 with
                 any
                 thing
                 of
                 this
                 kind
                 ;
                 to
                 which
                 he
                 answer'd
                 me
                 ,
                 that
                 in
                 Derbyshire
                 ,
                 at
                 a
                 place
                 which
                 he
                 nam'd
                 to
                 me
                 ,
                 he
                 and
                 others
                 had
                 observ'd
                 ,
                 that
                 a
                 large
                 tract
                 of
                 Limestone
                 land
                 was
                 so
                 warm
                 (
                 as
                 they
                 speak
                 )
                 as
                 to
                 dissolve
                 the
                 Snow
                 that
                 fell
                 on
                 it
                 ,
                 very
                 much
                 sooner
                 than
                 another
                 great
                 scope
                 of
                 Land
                 ,
                 which
                 was
                 divided
                 from
                 it
                 but
                 by
                 a
                 glin
                 ,
                 where
                 the
                 Soil
                 did
                 not
                 cover
                 Limestone
                 ,
                 but
                 Free-stone
                 .
              
               
                 Afterwards
                 ,
                 discoursing
                 of
                 this
                 Subject
                 with
                 an
                 ingenious
                 Person
                 ,
                 that
                 had
                 visited
                 the
                 Hungarian
                 ,
                 and
                 Bohemian
                 Mines
                 ;
                 he
                 told
                 me
                 ,
                 that
                 during
                 his
                 stay
                 among
                 the
                 former
                 ,
                 he
                 often
                 walked
                 abroad
                 with
                 the
                 Overseer
                 of
                 them
                 ,
                 a
                 famous
                 and
                 experienc'd
                 Mineralist
                 ,
                 who
                 delighted
                 to
                 breathe
                 the
                 fresh
                 morning
                 Air
                 upon
                 some
                 Hills
                 abounding
                 with
                 Minerals
                 ;
                 that
                 his
                 Guide
                 made
                 him
                 observe
                 ,
                 that
                 when
                 they
                 were
                 over
                 a
                 tract
                 of
                 Land
                 that
                 afforded
                 much
                 of
                 that
                 noble
                 Oar
                 (
                 which
                 by
                 a
                 German
                 Name
                 he
                 called
                 
                   Rot-gulden
                   ertz
                
                 )
                 he
                 
                 found
                 the
                 smell
                 to
                 be
                 pleasing
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Air
                 refreshing
                 .
                 And
                 whereas
                 ,
                 in
                 passing
                 over
                 some
                 other
                 Mines
                 ,
                 he
                 found
                 himself
                 molested
                 by
                 offensive
                 fumes
                 ;
                 he
                 felt
                 no
                 such
                 effect
                 ,
                 when
                 he
                 was
                 upon
                 that
                 scope
                 of
                 ground
                 under
                 which
                 there
                 lay
                 veins
                 of
                 Cinnabar
                 ,
                 or
                 ,
                 if
                 you
                 please
                 ,
                 a
                 Mine
                 of
                 
                   Quick-silver
                   Our
                
                 :
                 And
                 his
                 ancient
                 Guide
                 told
                 him
                 ,
                 that
                 next
                 the
                 
                   Rot-gulden
                   ertz
                
                 before
                 mentioned
                 ,
                 the
                 Soil
                 containing
                 these
                 Cinnabarine
                 veins
                 ,
                 was
                 that
                 whose
                 incumbent
                 Air
                 was
                 the
                 most
                 eligible
                 for
                 pleasantness
                 and
                 Salubrity
                 .
                 And
                 I
                 the
                 less
                 wonder
                 ,
                 that
                 in
                 some
                 places
                 the
                 subjacent
                 Fossiles
                 should
                 impregnate
                 the
                 Air
                 with
                 wholsome
                 Effluvia
                 ,
                 because
                 I
                 remember
                 I
                 had
                 the
                 Curiosity
                 to
                 ride
                 many
                 Miles
                 ,
                 (
                 though
                 in
                 the
                 depth
                 of
                 Winter
                 ,
                 )
                 to
                 see
                 a
                 scope
                 of
                 ground
                 that
                 was
                 famous
                 for
                 a
                 good
                 Pottery
                 ;
                 where
                 ,
                 besides
                 many
                 other
                 Mineral
                 Earths
                 that
                 I
                 took
                 notice
                 of
                 ,
                 there
                 was
                 a
                 Pit
                 or
                 Groove
                 ,
                 that
                 reach'd
                 ,
                 if
                 I
                 mistake
                 not
                 ,
                 fifteen
                 or
                 twenty
                 foot
                 beneath
                 the
                 surface
                 of
                 the
                 
                 ground
                 ;
                 whence
                 they
                 dug
                 up
                 a
                 kind
                 of
                 white
                 Clay
                 ,
                 so
                 richly
                 impregnated
                 with
                 subtile
                 and
                 noble
                 parts
                 ,
                 that
                 it
                 afforded
                 a
                 Chymist
                 or
                 two
                 of
                 my
                 Acquaintance
                 (
                 for
                 I
                 had
                 my self
                 no
                 opportunity
                 to
                 distill
                 it
                 )
                 good
                 store
                 of
                 a
                 Subtile
                 Spirit
                 ,
                 of
                 a
                 Volatile
                 and
                 Saline
                 Nature
                 ,
                 which
                 upon
                 trial
                 they
                 highly
                 extoll'd
                 for
                 it's
                 Cordial
                 ,
                 and
                 other
                 Virtues
                 in
                 Physick
                 ;
                 and
                 which
                 ,
                 by
                 some
                 peculiar
                 Mechanical
                 trials
                 I
                 made
                 with
                 it
                 ,
                 I
                 concluded
                 to
                 abound
                 with
                 a
                 Volatile
                 Salt
                 ,
                 not
                 unlike
                 that
                 of
                 Urine
                 or
                 Hartshorn
                 .
                 And
                 since
                 by
                 this
                 instance
                 we
                 see
                 ,
                 that
                 some
                 unsuspected
                 Fossiles
                 may
                 be
                 enrich'd
                 with
                 Medicinal
                 and
                 Fugitive
                 Salts
                 and
                 Spirits
                 ;
                 it
                 may
                 reasonably
                 be
                 suppos'd
                 ,
                 that
                 these
                 ascending
                 into
                 the
                 incumbent
                 Air
                 ,
                 may
                 highly
                 conduce
                 to
                 the
                 Salubrity
                 of
                 it
                 .
                 And
                 the
                 Curiosity
                 I
                 have
                 had
                 to
                 examine
                 Chymically
                 some
                 Boles
                 ,
                 and
                 other
                 Bodies
                 ,
                 which
                 are
                 wont
                 to
                 be
                 unregardedly
                 compriz'd
                 under
                 the
                 confus'd
                 notion
                 of
                 Earths
                 ,
                 makes
                 me
                 suspect
                 ,
                 
                 that
                 there
                 may
                 be
                 far
                 more
                 Species
                 of
                 Salubrious
                 Fossiles
                 than
                 many
                 have
                 yet
                 taken
                 notice
                 of
                 .
              
               
                 But
                 peradventure
                 you
                 will
                 much
                 the
                 more
                 easily
                 admit
                 in
                 general
                 ,
                 that
                 Subterraneal
                 Tracts
                 of
                 great
                 extent
                 may
                 for
                 a
                 very
                 long
                 time
                 send
                 up
                 into
                 the
                 Air
                 copious
                 Expirations
                 ,
                 not
                 discernable
                 by
                 any
                 of
                 oursenses
                 ,
                 nor
                 commonly
                 suspected
                 to
                 be
                 found
                 in
                 that
                 Body
                 ,
                 if
                 you
                 please
                 to
                 consider
                 with
                 me
                 (
                 what
                 I
                 do
                 not
                 remember
                 to
                 have
                 been
                 taken
                 notice
                 of
                 to
                 this
                 purpose
                 )
                 that
                 the
                 common
                 Air
                 we
                 live
                 in
                 ,
                 and
                 breathe
                 ,
                 does
                 always
                 abound
                 ,
                 and
                 for
                 many
                 Ages
                 has
                 been
                 impregnated
                 ,
                 with
                 the
                 Copious
                 Magnetical
                 Effluvia
                 of
                 the
                 Earth
                 ;
                 which
                 our
                 industrious
                 Gilbert
                 ,
                 and
                 after
                 him
                 some
                 learned
                 Jesuits
                 and
                 others
                 ,
                 have
                 proved
                 to
                 be
                 a
                 great
                 ,
                 though
                 faint
                 Magnet
                 ;
                 and
                 whose
                 emanations
                 ,
                 as
                 they
                 constantly
                 stream
                 through
                 the
                 Air
                 ,
                 I
                 have
                 elsewhere
                 by
                 particular
                 Experiments
                 shewn
                 to
                 be
                 capable
                 of
                 passing
                 through
                 the
                 Pores
                 of
                 Glass
                 it self
                 ,
                 and
                 acting
                 almost
                 instantaneously
                 ,
                 
                 and
                 yet
                 manifestly
                 ,
                 upon
                 Bodies
                 hermetically
                 seal'd
                 up
                 in
                 it
                 .
                 But
                 ,
                 though
                 from
                 what
                 has
                 been
                 said
                 it
                 may
                 be
                 inferr'd
                 ,
                 that
                 't
                 is
                 not
                 improbable
                 the
                 Salubrity
                 of
                 the
                 Air
                 in
                 some
                 places
                 may
                 be
                 chiefly
                 ,
                 or
                 at
                 least
                 in
                 part
                 ,
                 due
                 to
                 the
                 wholsome
                 Expirations
                 of
                 Subterraneal
                 Bodies
                 ;
                 yet
                 ,
                 generally
                 speaking
                 ,
                 the
                 Air
                 is
                 deprav'd
                 ,
                 in
                 far
                 more
                 places
                 than
                 it
                 is
                 improv'd
                 ,
                 by
                 being
                 impregnated
                 with
                 Mineral
                 Expirations
                 .
                 And
                 indeed
                 ,
                 besides
                 that
                 ,
                 among
                 the
                 Minerals
                 known
                 unto
                 us
                 ,
                 there
                 are
                 many
                 more
                 that
                 are
                 noxious
                 ,
                 than
                 that
                 are
                 wholsome
                 ;
                 the
                 power
                 of
                 the
                 former
                 to
                 doe
                 mischief
                 is
                 wont
                 to
                 be
                 far
                 more
                 efficacious
                 ,
                 than
                 that
                 of
                 the
                 latter
                 to
                 doe
                 good
                 ;
                 as
                 we
                 may
                 guess
                 by
                 the
                 small
                 benefit
                 men
                 receive
                 in
                 point
                 of
                 health
                 by
                 the
                 Effluvia
                 of
                 any
                 Mineral
                 ,
                 or
                 other
                 Fossile
                 ,
                 known
                 unto
                 us
                 ,
                 in
                 comparison
                 of
                 the
                 great
                 and
                 sudden
                 mischief
                 that
                 is
                 often
                 done
                 by
                 the
                 Expirations
                 of
                 Orpiment
                 ,
                 Sandarach
                 ,
                 and
                 white
                 Arsenick
                 ;
                 for
                 ,
                 though
                 that
                 sold
                 in
                 Shops
                 
                 is
                 factitious
                 ,
                 being
                 made
                 of
                 Orpiment
                 sublim'd
                 with
                 Salt
                 ,
                 yet
                 it
                 is
                 found
                 Natural
                 in
                 some
                 Hungarian
                 ,
                 and
                 other
                 Mines
                 .
                 On
                 which
                 occasion
                 ,
                 I
                 remember
                 that
                 the
                 ingenious
                 Person
                 lately
                 mention'd
                 to
                 have
                 with
                 his
                 Guide
                 taken
                 the
                 Air
                 upon
                 the
                 Hills
                 of
                 that
                 Mineral
                 Countrey
                 ,
                 answer'd
                 me
                 ,
                 that
                 ,
                 when
                 his
                 Guide
                 and
                 he
                 walk'd
                 over
                 some
                 veins
                 of
                 these
                 noxious
                 Minerals
                 ,
                 he
                 met
                 with
                 several
                 Odorous
                 Steams
                 ,
                 which
                 ,
                 though
                 differing
                 from
                 one
                 another
                 ,
                 agreed
                 in
                 this
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 were
                 all
                 offensive
                 to
                 him
                 ;
                 and
                 particularly
                 ,
                 some
                 of
                 them
                 by
                 their
                 unwelcome
                 sharpness
                 ,
                 and
                 others
                 by
                 giving
                 him
                 a
                 troublesome
                 difficulty
                 of
                 respiration
                 .
                 I
                 will
                 not
                 here
                 urge
                 those
                 sulphureous
                 steams
                 ,
                 that
                 so
                 suddenly
                 deprive
                 Dogs
                 of
                 sense
                 and
                 motion
                 ,
                 in
                 the
                 Neapolitan
                 
                   Grotta
                   de
                   Cani
                
                 ;
                 because
                 there
                 the
                 Exhalations
                 are
                 too
                 much
                 included
                 ,
                 and
                 as
                 it
                 were
                 pent
                 up
                 :
                 But
                 it
                 is
                 very
                 proper
                 to
                 allege
                 for
                 my
                 present
                 purpose
                 the
                 Aorni
                 or
                 Averni
                 ,
                 which
                 are
                 mention'd
                 
                 by
                 good
                 Authours
                 to
                 be
                 found
                 ,
                 some
                 in
                 Hungary
                 ,
                 and
                 some
                 in
                 other
                 Countries
                 ;
                 for
                 in
                 these
                 places
                 there
                 ascend
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Earth
                 such
                 noxious
                 and
                 plentifull
                 exhalations
                 ,
                 as
                 kill
                 those
                 Animals
                 that
                 draw
                 in
                 the
                 Air
                 they
                 infect
                 ;
                 and
                 some
                 of
                 them
                 are
                 able
                 to
                 precipitate
                 ,
                 even
                 the
                 Birds
                 that
                 fly
                 over
                 the
                 Caverns
                 that
                 emit
                 them
                 .
                 But
                 there
                 are
                 a
                 multitude
                 of
                 Places
                 ,
                 where
                 't
                 is
                 not
                 so
                 manifest
                 that
                 hurtfull
                 exhalations
                 ascend
                 into
                 the
                 Air
                 ,
                 and
                 yet
                 they
                 really
                 do
                 so
                 :
                 There
                 being
                 in
                 many
                 places
                 whole
                 tracts
                 of
                 Land
                 ,
                 that
                 near
                 the
                 surface
                 of
                 the
                 Earth
                 abound
                 with
                 Marchasitical
                 Minerals
                 ,
                 as
                 these
                 do
                 with
                 a
                 sharp
                 vitriolate
                 Salt
                 ,
                 which
                 ,
                 together
                 with
                 the
                 ill
                 condition'd
                 Sulphur
                 that
                 they
                 also
                 plentifully
                 contain
                 ,
                 ascend
                 into
                 the
                 Air
                 ,
                 and
                 render
                 it
                 corrosive
                 .
                 On
                 which
                 occasion
                 I
                 remember
                 ,
                 that
                 for
                 Curiosities
                 sake
                 I
                 took
                 some
                 English
                 shining
                 Marchasite
                 ;
                 and
                 caus'd
                 a
                 pound
                 of
                 it
                 to
                 be
                 distill'd
                 in
                 an
                 Earthen
                 Vessel
                 with
                 a
                 good
                 fire
                 ,
                 by
                 which
                 means
                 ,
                 notwithstanding
                 it's
                 
                 dryness
                 ,
                 I
                 obtain'd
                 two
                 or
                 three
                 spoonfuls
                 of
                 a
                 Limpid
                 Liquor
                 ,
                 that
                 smell'd
                 very
                 strongly
                 ,
                 like
                 that
                 which
                 the
                 Helmontians
                 call
                 
                   Gas
                   Sulphuris
                
                 ;
                 and
                 which
                 appear'd
                 manifestly
                 to
                 be
                 of
                 an
                 acid
                 Nature
                 ,
                 both
                 by
                 the
                 taste
                 ,
                 and
                 by
                 it
                 's
                 readily
                 corroding
                 ,
                 and
                 dissolving
                 unbeaten
                 Coral
                 ,
                 even
                 in
                 the
                 cold
                 ,
                 to
                 mention
                 here
                 no
                 other
                 Tryals
                 that
                 I
                 made
                 with
                 it
                 .
                 And
                 the
                 Mineral
                 afforded
                 me
                 ,
                 together
                 with
                 this
                 Liquor
                 ,
                 about
                 an
                 ounce
                 and
                 three
                 quarters
                 of
                 inflammable
                 Sulphur
                 ,
                 part
                 whereof
                 ascending
                 (
                 as
                 may
                 be
                 guess'd
                 )
                 in
                 the
                 form
                 of
                 very
                 agile
                 Corpuscles
                 ,
                 these
                 fasten
                 themselves
                 all
                 about
                 to
                 the
                 inside
                 of
                 the
                 Receiver
                 ,
                 and
                 there
                 compos'd
                 divers
                 thin
                 Coats
                 ,
                 or
                 Films
                 ,
                 as
                 't
                 were
                 ,
                 of
                 Sulphureous
                 matter
                 sticking
                 to
                 one
                 another
                 ;
                 which
                 at
                 their
                 first
                 taking
                 off
                 ,
                 and
                 for
                 some
                 time
                 after
                 ,
                 might
                 be
                 bent
                 or
                 folded
                 like
                 leaves
                 of
                 paper
                 ,
                 but
                 afterwards
                 harden
                 in
                 the
                 Air.
                 Mineralists
                 ,
                 and
                 some
                 other
                 good
                 Authours
                 ,
                 mention
                 divers
                 Places
                 as
                 abounding
                 with
                 Marchasitical
                 
                 Fossiles
                 ,
                 but
                 I
                 am
                 apt
                 to
                 think
                 ,
                 they
                 are
                 far
                 more
                 common
                 than
                 is
                 vulgarly
                 taken
                 notice
                 of
                 ;
                 for
                 I
                 have
                 met
                 with
                 them
                 where
                 one
                 would
                 little
                 expect
                 them
                 .
                 And
                 ,
                 though
                 in
                 England
                 all
                 our
                 Vitriol
                 (
                 which
                 is
                 now
                 plentifully
                 vended
                 into
                 Foreign
                 parts
                 )
                 be
                 made
                 of
                 Vitriolate
                 Stones
                 ,
                 or
                 Bodies
                 that
                 pass
                 for
                 stones
                 ;
                 yet
                 that
                 is
                 not
                 true
                 which
                 our
                 Mineralists
                 are
                 wont
                 thence
                 to
                 conclude
                 ,
                 that
                 there
                 is
                 no
                 other
                 Vitriolate
                 or
                 Marchasitical
                 matter
                 in
                 England
                 :
                 for
                 a
                 famous
                 dealer
                 in
                 Fossiles
                 ,
                 having
                 found
                 a
                 Mine
                 ,
                 which
                 he
                 knew
                 not
                 what
                 to
                 make
                 of
                 ,
                 and
                 therefore
                 carefully
                 conceal'd
                 ,
                 address'd
                 himself
                 to
                 me
                 ,
                 because
                 ,
                 he
                 said
                 ,
                 he
                 knew
                 I
                 would
                 not
                 betray
                 or
                 supplant
                 him
                 :
                 and
                 having
                 at
                 his
                 desire
                 taken
                 a
                 private
                 view
                 of
                 what
                 he
                 had
                 discover'd
                 ,
                 I
                 presently
                 found
                 it
                 to
                 be
                 a
                 vein
                 ,
                 that
                 lay
                 at
                 some
                 depth
                 under
                 ground
                 ,
                 and
                 ran
                 along
                 (
                 how
                 far
                 I
                 know
                 not
                 )
                 like
                 a
                 vein
                 of
                 Metalline
                 Oar
                 ,
                 (
                 and
                 for
                 such
                 upon
                 that
                 account
                 he
                 mistook
                 it
                 )
                 consisting
                 of
                 
                 a
                 black
                 and
                 heavy
                 stuff
                 ,
                 which
                 upon
                 a
                 few
                 easie
                 trials
                 I
                 quickly
                 found
                 to
                 be
                 of
                 a
                 Vitriolate
                 Nature
                 ;
                 insomuch
                 that
                 ,
                 somewhat
                 to
                 my
                 wonder
                 ,
                 I
                 was
                 able
                 to
                 make
                 it
                 yield
                 in
                 few
                 hours
                 store
                 of
                 pure
                 Vitriol
                 ,
                 without
                 any
                 troublesome
                 or
                 artificial
                 preparation
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 PROPOSITION
                 II.
                 
              
               
                 
                   It
                   is
                   probable
                   that
                   in
                   divers
                   places
                   some
                   
                     Endemical
                     Diseases
                  
                   do
                   mainly
                   ,
                   or
                   at
                   least
                   in
                   part
                   depend
                   upon
                   Subterraneal
                   Steams
                   .
                
              
               
                 UNder
                 the
                 name
                 of
                 
                   Endemical
                   Diseases
                
                 ,
                 I
                 do
                 not
                 comprise
                 those
                 onely
                 that
                 are
                 very
                 peculiar
                 to
                 this
                 or
                 that
                 Countrey
                 ;
                 as
                 the
                 Plica
                 is
                 said
                 to
                 be
                 to
                 Poland
                 ,
                 (
                 whence
                 it
                 receives
                 its
                 name
                 of
                 Polonica
                 ;
                 )
                 or
                 an
                 odd
                 kind
                 of
                 Colique
                 in
                 one
                 part
                 of
                 France
                 ,
                 (
                 from
                 which
                 't
                 is
                 called
                 
                   la
                   Colique
                   de
                   Poictou
                
                 ;
                 )
                 but
                 also
                 those
                 that
                 are
                 more
                 rise
                 in
                 some
                 Countries
                 
                 than
                 in
                 most
                 others
                 ;
                 such
                 as
                 Agues
                 in
                 Kent
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 that
                 part
                 of
                 Essex
                 they
                 call
                 the
                 Hundreds
                 ;
                 the
                 Consumption
                 (
                 though
                 that
                 be
                 an
                 ambiguous
                 name
                 )
                 in
                 England
                 ,
                 whence
                 Foreign
                 Physicians
                 call
                 it
                 the
                 
                   Tabes
                   Anglica
                
                 ;
                 and
                 Fluxes
                 of
                 the
                 Belly
                 in
                 Ireland
                 ,
                 where
                 they
                 are
                 so
                 rise
                 as
                 commonly
                 to
                 pass
                 under
                 the
                 name
                 of
                 the
                 
                   Countrey
                   Disease
                
                 .
              
               
                 That
                 these
                 Endemical
                 ,
                 or
                 (
                 if
                 we
                 may
                 so
                 call
                 them
                 )
                 Topical
                 Distempers
                 ,
                 do
                 in
                 
                   many
                   places
                
                 proceed
                 from
                 some
                 excessive
                 Heat
                 ,
                 Moisture
                 ,
                 or
                 other
                 manifest
                 quality
                 of
                 the
                 Air
                 ;
                 from
                 bad
                 Diet
                 ,
                 vulgar
                 Intemperance
                 ,
                 and
                 other
                 Causes
                 that
                 have
                 little
                 or
                 no
                 connexion
                 with
                 
                   Subterraneal
                   Reeks
                
                 ,
                 I
                 readily
                 grant
                 .
                 But
                 ,
                 that
                 in
                 
                   some
                   places
                
                 the
                 
                   Endemical
                   Disease
                
                 may
                 either
                 be
                 principally
                 caus'd
                 ,
                 or
                 much
                 fomented
                 ,
                 by
                 noxious
                 Effluvia
                 ,
                 I
                 am
                 enclin'd
                 to
                 suspect
                 upon
                 the
                 following
                 grounds
                 .
              
               
                 
                   1.
                   
                   There
                   are
                   some
                   places
                   ,
                   in
                   which
                   the
                   Endemical
                   Disease
                   cannot
                   be
                   probably
                   imputed
                   to
                   any
                   manifest
                   
                   Cause
                   ;
                   as
                   he
                   may
                   perceive
                   that
                   shall
                   consider
                   how
                   often
                   it
                   happens
                   ,
                   that
                   the
                   Causes
                   which
                   are
                   assign'd
                   of
                   such
                   Diseases
                   ,
                   if
                   they
                   were
                   the
                   true
                   ones
                   ,
                   must
                   produce
                   the
                   like
                   Distempers
                   in
                   many
                   other
                   places
                   ,
                   where
                   yet
                   it
                   is
                   notorious
                   that
                   they
                   are
                   not
                   Endemical
                   .
                
                 
                   2.
                   
                   That
                   Subterraneal
                   Bodies
                   may
                   send
                   up
                   copious
                   Steams
                   ,
                   of
                   different
                   kinds
                   ,
                   into
                   the
                   Air
                   ,
                   has
                   been
                   already
                   made
                   out
                   .
                
                 
                   3.
                   
                   It
                   has
                   been
                   also
                   shewn
                   ,
                   that
                   the
                   Matters
                   that
                   send
                   up
                   these
                   Effluvia
                   ,
                   may
                   be
                   of
                   a
                   large
                   extent
                   .
                   And
                   I
                   remember
                   on
                   this
                   occasion
                   that
                   I
                   have
                   sometimes
                   observ'd
                   ,
                   and
                   that
                   in
                   more
                   Countries
                   than
                   one
                   ,
                   a
                   whole
                   tract
                   of
                   Land
                   that
                   abounded
                   with
                   Minerals
                   of
                   one
                   kind
                   ;
                   and
                   within
                   no
                   great
                   distance
                   ,
                   as
                   perhaps
                   a
                   Mile
                   or
                   a
                   League
                   ,
                   another
                   large
                   tract
                   of
                   Land
                   ,
                   whose
                   Subterraneal
                   part
                   abounded
                   with
                   Minerals
                   of
                   a
                   very
                   differing
                   sort
                   .
                
                 
                   4.
                   
                   We
                   have
                   also
                   above
                   declar'd
                   ,
                   and
                   't
                   is
                   highly
                   probable
                   from
                   the
                   
                   nature
                   of
                   the
                   thing
                   it self
                   ,
                   that
                   those
                   copious
                   steams
                   (
                   Saline
                   ,
                   Sulphureous
                   ,
                   Arsenical
                   ,
                   Antimonial
                   ,
                   &c.
                   )
                   that
                   impregnate
                   the
                   Air
                   ,
                   may
                   very
                   much
                   conduce
                   to
                   make
                   it
                   hurtfull
                   to
                   a
                   humane
                   body
                   ,
                   in
                   the
                   way
                   requisite
                   to
                   produce
                   this
                   or
                   that
                   determinate
                   Disease
                   :
                   as
                   I
                   not
                   long
                   since
                   related
                   from
                   the
                   Chymist
                   that
                   visited
                   the
                   Hungarian
                   Mines
                   ,
                   that
                   in
                   some
                   places
                   he
                   found
                   the
                   Reeks
                   ascending
                   from
                   them
                   into
                   the
                   Air
                   (
                   though
                   in
                   an
                   elevated
                   place
                   ,
                   and
                   expos'd
                   to
                   the
                   Winds
                   )
                   make
                   him
                   as
                   it
                   were
                   Asthmatical
                   ,
                   and
                   give
                   him
                   a
                   troublesome
                   difficulty
                   of
                   Respiration
                   .
                   And
                   here
                   let
                   me
                   add
                   an
                   Observation
                   ,
                   which
                   perhaps
                   will
                   not
                   be
                   thought
                   fit
                   to
                   be
                   slighted
                   by
                   Physicians
                   :
                   namely
                   ,
                   that
                   some
                   parts
                   of
                   the
                   substance
                   of
                   the
                   Air
                   (
                   for
                   I
                   speak
                   not
                   of
                   its
                   Heat
                   ,
                   Coldness
                   ,
                   or
                   other
                   such
                   Qualities
                   )
                   do
                   not
                   onely
                   affect
                   humane
                   bodies
                   ,
                   or
                   at
                   least
                   many
                   Individuals
                   among
                   them
                   ,
                   as
                   they
                   are
                   taken
                   in
                   by
                   Respiration
                   ,
                   but
                   as
                   they
                   outwardly
                   touch
                   the
                   Skin
                   :
                   and
                   the
                   
                   Skin
                   being
                   (
                   as
                   I
                   have
                   elsewhere
                   shewn
                   )
                   full
                   of
                   Pores
                   ,
                   and
                   those
                   perhaps
                   of
                   different
                   sizes
                   and
                   figures
                   ,
                   those
                   Corpuscles
                   that
                   get
                   in
                   at
                   them
                   may
                   have
                   their
                   operation
                   ,
                   even
                   upon
                   the
                   most
                   inward
                   parts
                   of
                   the
                   body
                   .
                   To
                   make
                   this
                   more
                   clear
                   and
                   probable
                   ,
                   because
                   't
                   is
                   a
                   thing
                   of
                   importance
                   ,
                   I
                   desire
                   these
                   things
                   may
                   be
                   observ'd
                   .
                
              
               
                 1.
                 
                 That
                 when
                 I
                 speak
                 of
                 the
                 Air
                 ,
                 I
                 do
                 not
                 in
                 this
                 place
                 understand
                 that
                 Air
                 ,
                 which
                 I
                 elsewhere
                 teach
                 to
                 be
                 more
                 strictly
                 and
                 properly
                 so
                 call'd
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 consist
                 of
                 springy
                 Particles
                 ;
                 but
                 the
                 Air
                 in
                 its
                 more
                 vulgar
                 and
                 laxe
                 signification
                 ,
                 as
                 it
                 signifies
                 the
                 Atmosphere
                 ,
                 which
                 abounds
                 with
                 vapours
                 ,
                 and
                 exhalations
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 a
                 word
                 with
                 Corpuscles
                 of
                 all
                 sorts
                 ,
                 except
                 the
                 larger
                 sort
                 of
                 springy
                 ones
                 ;
                 and
                 many
                 of
                 them
                 may
                 be
                 so
                 small
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 solid
                 ,
                 or
                 so
                 conveniently
                 shap'd
                 ,
                 as
                 to
                 get
                 entrance
                 at
                 some
                 of
                 the
                 numerous
                 Orifices
                 of
                 the
                 minute
                 or
                 miliary
                 Glandules
                 of
                 the
                 Skin
                 ,
                 or
                 at
                 other
                 Pores
                 of
                 it
                 .
                 
                 Thus
                 ,
                 though
                 paper
                 be
                 not
                 pervious
                 to
                 the
                 uncompress'd
                 elastical
                 parts
                 of
                 the
                 Air
                 ,
                 yet
                 it
                 may
                 be
                 easily
                 penetrated
                 by
                 other
                 Corpuscles
                 of
                 the
                 Atmosphere
                 :
                 for
                 I
                 remember
                 ,
                 I
                 have
                 for
                 Curiosities
                 sake
                 prepar'd
                 a
                 dry
                 body
                 ,
                 out
                 of
                 a
                 substance
                 belonging
                 to
                 the
                 Animal
                 Kingdom
                 ,
                 which
                 being
                 lapt
                 up
                 in
                 paper
                 ,
                 would
                 ,
                 without
                 wetting
                 or
                 discolouring
                 ,
                 or
                 any
                 way
                 sensibly
                 altering
                 it
                 ,
                 pass
                 in
                 a
                 trice
                 through
                 the
                 Pores
                 of
                 it
                 in
                 such
                 plenty
                 ,
                 as
                 to
                 have
                 not
                 onely
                 a
                 visible
                 ,
                 but
                 a
                 manifest
                 operation
                 on
                 bodies
                 plac'd
                 at
                 some
                 distance
                 from
                 it
                 .
                 And
                 though
                 a
                 bladder
                 almost
                 full
                 of
                 Air
                 ,
                 having
                 its
                 neck
                 well
                 tyed
                 ,
                 be
                 held
                 near
                 the
                 fire
                 in
                 various
                 postures
                 ,
                 the
                 elastical
                 Air
                 ,
                 though
                 rarefied
                 ,
                 or
                 attenuated
                 by
                 the
                 heat
                 ,
                 will
                 rather
                 burst
                 the
                 bladder
                 ,
                 (
                 as
                 I
                 have
                 more
                 than
                 once
                 found
                 )
                 than
                 get
                 out
                 at
                 the
                 Pores
                 ,
                 yet
                 we
                 have
                 often
                 made
                 a
                 certain
                 substance
                 ,
                 belonging
                 to
                 the
                 Mineral
                 Kingdom
                 ,
                 that
                 ,
                 if
                 a
                 bladder
                 were
                 wet
                 or
                 moist
                 ,
                 (
                 as
                 the
                 Skins
                 of
                 living
                 Men
                 are
                 wont
                 to
                 be
                 )
                 would
                 readily
                 
                 pervade
                 it
                 ,
                 and
                 have
                 a
                 sensible
                 operation
                 ,
                 even
                 upon
                 solid
                 bodies
                 plac'd
                 within
                 it
                 .
                 This
                 Experiment
                 (
                 that
                 I
                 can
                 repeat
                 when
                 I
                 will
                 )
                 is
                 therefore
                 the
                 more
                 considerable
                 to
                 our
                 present
                 purpose
                 ,
                 because
                 in
                 the
                 bladder
                 of
                 a
                 dead
                 Animal
                 ,
                 the
                 Porosity
                 may
                 be
                 well
                 suppos'd
                 to
                 be
                 much
                 less
                 than
                 it
                 was
                 in
                 the
                 Animal
                 when
                 alive
                 ;
                 in
                 which
                 state
                 the
                 parts
                 of
                 the
                 humane
                 body
                 are
                 much
                 more
                 perspirable
                 than
                 one
                 would
                 easily
                 believe
                 ,
                 partly
                 because
                 of
                 the
                 heat
                 that
                 is
                 continually
                 diffus'd
                 from
                 the
                 heart
                 ,
                 and
                 partly
                 because
                 of
                 the
                 copious
                 steams
                 that
                 are
                 in
                 perpetual
                 motion
                 ,
                 and
                 keep
                 the
                 parts
                 warm
                 ,
                 moist
                 and
                 supple
                 :
                 And
                 it
                 is
                 not
                 to
                 be
                 pretermitted
                 in
                 our
                 present
                 instance
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 bladder
                 of
                 Urine
                 consists
                 not
                 of
                 a
                 single
                 Membrane
                 ,
                 and
                 is
                 probably
                 of
                 a
                 stronger
                 texture
                 ,
                 by
                 reason
                 of
                 the
                 subtile
                 salt
                 liquor
                 it
                 is
                 instituted
                 to
                 contain
                 ,
                 than
                 many
                 another
                 Membranes
                 of
                 the
                 body
                 ,
                 or
                 the
                 Epidermis
                 .
                 And
                 this
                 is
                 the
                 first
                 thing
                 I
                 would
                 have
                 noted
                 .
              
               
               
                 The
                 next
                 is
                 ,
                 that
                 ,
                 whereas
                 in
                 the
                 Instances
                 newly
                 recited
                 ,
                 and
                 some
                 others
                 that
                 are
                 by
                 and
                 by
                 to
                 be
                 mention'd
                 ,
                 the
                 effects
                 were
                 produc'd
                 when
                 the
                 ambient
                 Air
                 ,
                 impregnated
                 with
                 Mineral
                 Corpuscles
                 ,
                 had
                 but
                 a
                 very
                 short
                 time
                 (
                 perhaps
                 not
                 many
                 minutes
                 )
                 to
                 work
                 upon
                 the
                 bodies
                 expos'd
                 to
                 it
                 :
                 In
                 those
                 Countries
                 that
                 are
                 very
                 subject
                 to
                 Endemical
                 Diseases
                 ,
                 the
                 Inhabitants
                 are
                 wont
                 to
                 live
                 all
                 the
                 year
                 long
                 ,
                 and
                 perhaps
                 during
                 their
                 whole
                 life
                 ,
                 expos'd
                 to
                 the
                 action
                 of
                 the
                 vitiated
                 Air
                 :
                 and
                 how
                 much
                 a
                 far
                 shorter
                 time
                 will
                 serve
                 ,
                 to
                 make
                 the
                 Corpuscles
                 that
                 rove
                 in
                 the
                 Air
                 ,
                 penetrate
                 into
                 bodies
                 of
                 no
                 very
                 close
                 contexture
                 ,
                 may
                 be
                 guess'd
                 by
                 the
                 breaking
                 even
                 of
                 the
                 bigger
                 strings
                 of
                 Lutes
                 and
                 Vials
                 ,
                 by
                 the
                 numerous
                 (
                 though
                 invisible
                 )
                 vapours
                 ,
                 that
                 get
                 into
                 them
                 in
                 rainy
                 weather
                 ;
                 and
                 much
                 more
                 by
                 the
                 effects
                 of
                 such
                 vapours
                 ,
                 when
                 insinuating
                 themselves
                 in
                 swarms
                 into
                 the
                 Pores
                 of
                 a
                 Rope
                 ,
                 they
                 shorten
                 it
                 so
                 forcibly
                 ,
                 as
                 to
                 enable
                 it
                 ,
                 by
                 shrinking
                 
                 it self
                 to
                 lift
                 up
                 and
                 keep
                 suspended
                 considerable
                 weights
                 ,
                 as
                 I
                 have
                 elsewhere
                 shewn
                 by
                 tryals
                 purposely
                 made
                 .
                 These
                 things
                 may
                 render
                 it
                 probable
                 ,
                 that
                 ,
                 though
                 in
                 a
                 small
                 compass
                 of
                 time
                 the
                 noxious
                 Effluvia
                 that
                 rove
                 in
                 the
                 Air
                 ,
                 may
                 be
                 too
                 thinly
                 dispers'd
                 in
                 it
                 ,
                 to
                 insinuate
                 themselves
                 in
                 any
                 considerable
                 number
                 at
                 the
                 Pores
                 of
                 the
                 Skin
                 ;
                 yet
                 ,
                 by
                 reason
                 of
                 the
                 continual
                 contact
                 of
                 the
                 Air
                 ,
                 (
                 especially
                 as
                 to
                 the
                 Face
                 ,
                 Hands
                 ,
                 and
                 some
                 other
                 parts
                 )
                 which
                 may
                 last
                 day
                 and
                 night
                 for
                 many
                 months
                 ,
                 or
                 perhaps
                 years
                 ,
                 there
                 may
                 be
                 opportunity
                 for
                 a
                 considerable
                 number
                 of
                 morbifick
                 Particles
                 ,
                 to
                 insinuate
                 themselves
                 into
                 the
                 cutaneous
                 Pores
                 .
              
               
                 3.
                 
                 And
                 thus
                 having
                 once
                 got
                 entrance
                 ,
                 they
                 may
                 by
                 the
                 capillary
                 Vessels
                 that
                 reach
                 to
                 ,
                 or
                 terminate
                 at
                 the
                 Skin
                 ,
                 pass
                 on
                 to
                 somewhat
                 larger
                 Vessels
                 ;
                 and
                 so
                 may
                 get
                 into
                 the
                 mass
                 of
                 bloud
                 ,
                 and
                 by
                 its
                 Circulation
                 be
                 carried
                 to
                 all
                 the
                 parts
                 of
                 the
                 body
                 ;
                 and
                 so
                 be
                 enabl'd
                 both
                 to
                 
                 deprave
                 the
                 bloud
                 ,
                 and
                 other
                 juices
                 themselves
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 gain
                 access
                 to
                 any
                 determinate
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 body
                 ,
                 which
                 their
                 peculiar
                 shapes
                 ,
                 figures
                 ,
                 &c.
                 qualifies
                 them
                 to
                 produce
                 some
                 particular
                 Distemper
                 in
                 .
                 This
                 whole
                 Doctrine
                 may
                 be
                 made
                 more
                 probable
                 ,
                 by
                 what
                 experience
                 shews
                 of
                 the
                 virtues
                 of
                 certain
                 Plasters
                 ,
                 especially
                 
                   Mercurial
                   ones
                
                 ,
                 in
                 Distempers
                 that
                 are
                 not
                 at
                 all
                 ,
                 or
                 at
                 least
                 are
                 not
                 chiefly
                 Cutaneous
                 ;
                 and
                 (
                 which
                 comes
                 more
                 home
                 to
                 our
                 Argument
                 )
                 of
                 the
                 efficacy
                 of
                 Periaptae
                 ,
                 and
                 Appensa
                 ,
                 such
                 as
                 
                   Piony-root
                   ,
                   Bloud-stone
                   ,
                   Lapis
                   Nephriticus
                   ,
                   Quick-silver
                
                 in
                 a
                 Quill
                 ,
                 a
                 
                   dry'd
                   Toad
                
                 in
                 a
                 Cesnet
                 Bag
                 ,
                 &c
                 ,
                 whereof
                 ,
                 though
                 many
                 answer
                 not
                 the
                 Characters
                 that
                 are
                 wont
                 to
                 be
                 given
                 of
                 them
                 ,
                 yet
                 some
                 of
                 them
                 ,
                 experience
                 has
                 convinc'd
                 me
                 to
                 be
                 of
                 greater
                 efficacy
                 than
                 I
                 expected
                 :
                 And
                 much
                 more
                 activity
                 may
                 be
                 presum'd
                 to
                 be
                 ,
                 in
                 divers
                 noxious
                 Effluvia
                 from
                 
                   Subterraneal
                   Bodies
                
                 ;
                 as
                 may
                 be
                 gather'd
                 from
                 the
                 effects
                 of
                 the
                 Mercurial
                 Girdles
                 ,
                 that
                 some
                 unwary
                 
                 persons
                 wear
                 to
                 cure
                 the
                 Itch
                 ;
                 and
                 from
                 what
                 I
                 elsewhere
                 relate
                 of
                 the
                 fits
                 of
                 the
                 Colicque
                 ,
                 often
                 produc'd
                 in
                 a
                 Friend
                 of
                 mine
                 by
                 the
                 Effluvia
                 of
                 masses
                 of
                 Loadstone
                 .
                 And
                 this
                 last
                 example
                 may
                 serve
                 for
                 a
                 proof
                 of
                 another
                 part
                 of
                 our
                 Hypothesis
                 ,
                 by
                 shewing
                 that
                 
                   Mineral
                   Effluvia
                
                 ,
                 may
                 not
                 onely
                 be
                 noxious
                 in
                 a
                 general
                 way
                 ,
                 but
                 may
                 produce
                 this
                 or
                 that
                 determinate
                 Disease
                 .
                 That
                 
                   Arsenical
                   Appensa
                
                 ,
                 though
                 much
                 extoll'd
                 by
                 divers
                 Physicians
                 themselves
                 ,
                 and
                 sold
                 dear
                 by
                 Empyricks
                 ,
                 as
                 (
                 if
                 worn
                 near
                 the
                 Heart
                 )
                 wonderfull
                 Amulets
                 against
                 the
                 Plague
                 ,
                 have
                 (
                 especially
                 in
                 some
                 persons
                 and
                 circumstances
                 )
                 produc'd
                 some
                 of
                 the
                 noxious
                 effects
                 of
                 
                   Arsenical
                   Poysons
                
                 ,
                 and
                 particularly
                 caus'd
                 in
                 some
                 great
                 faintness
                 and
                 dispiritedness
                 ,
                 I
                 find
                 by
                 the
                 Testimony
                 of
                 divers
                 eminent
                 Physicians
                 .
                 To
                 which
                 I
                 shall
                 add
                 a
                 remarkable
                 one
                 ,
                 which
                 may
                 probably
                 be
                 referr'd
                 partly
                 to
                 this
                 third
                 Observation
                 ,
                 as
                 well
                 as
                 to
                 what
                 I
                 lately
                 deliver'd
                 about
                 the
                 bad
                 effects
                 
                 of
                 
                   Mineral
                   Exhalations
                
                 ,
                 breath'd
                 in
                 with
                 the
                 Air
                 they
                 vitiated
                 :
                 and
                 I
                 the
                 rather
                 mention
                 this
                 Case
                 ,
                 because
                 't
                 is
                 not
                 onely
                 an
                 odd
                 one
                 ,
                 but
                 is
                 a
                 considerable
                 Argument
                 to
                 shew
                 ,
                 that
                 noxious
                 
                   Mineral
                   Expirations
                
                 may
                 manifestly
                 produce
                 a
                 determinate
                 Distemper
                 in
                 unlikely
                 parts
                 of
                 the
                 body
                 .
                 The
                 Observation
                 is
                 this
                 ;
                 I
                 knew
                 ,
                 and
                 on
                 some
                 occasions
                 employ'd
                 ,
                 a
                 
                   Chymical
                   Laborant
                
                 that
                 fansi'd
                 that
                 he
                 could
                 make
                 a
                 rare
                 Medicine
                 out
                 of
                 
                   red
                   Arsenick
                
                 ,
                 (
                 as
                 some
                 call
                 what
                 others
                 style
                 Sandarach
                 ,
                 )
                 which
                 is
                 thought
                 to
                 differ
                 little
                 from
                 common
                 Orpiment
                 ,
                 saving
                 its
                 being
                 much
                 higher
                 colour'd
                 :
                 this
                 Laborant
                 then
                 working
                 long
                 and
                 assiduously
                 upon
                 this
                 Mineral
                 ,
                 and
                 rubbing
                 it
                 frequently
                 in
                 a
                 Mortar
                 ,
                 came
                 divers
                 times
                 to
                 me
                 ;
                 and
                 complain'd
                 of
                 a
                 disaffection
                 he
                 thence
                 contracted
                 in
                 the
                 
                   Organs
                   of
                   Respiration
                
                 ;
                 for
                 which
                 I
                 gave
                 him
                 something
                 that
                 happen'd
                 to
                 relieve
                 him
                 ;
                 which
                 encourag'd
                 him
                 to
                 complain
                 to
                 me
                 of
                 another
                 Distemper
                 ,
                 that
                 ,
                 though
                 
                 not
                 so
                 dangerous
                 ,
                 did
                 often
                 very
                 much
                 molest
                 him
                 :
                 which
                 was
                 ,
                 that
                 when
                 he
                 was
                 very
                 assiduous
                 in
                 the
                 preparation
                 of
                 his
                 Sandarach
                 ,
                 it
                 would
                 give
                 him
                 great
                 Pains
                 ,
                 and
                 (
                 if
                 I
                 misremember
                 not
                 )
                 some
                 Tumours
                 too
                 ,
                 in
                 his
                 Testicles
                 :
                 And
                 this
                 ,
                 for
                 ought
                 I
                 know
                 ,
                 happen'd
                 to
                 him
                 as
                 long
                 as
                 he
                 was
                 earnest
                 about
                 that
                 Process
                 ;
                 for
                 the
                 Medicines
                 that
                 had
                 reliev'd
                 him
                 in
                 his
                 other
                 Distemper
                 ,
                 did
                 not
                 remove
                 this
                 :
                 and
                 I
                 having
                 occasion
                 to
                 go
                 for
                 a
                 while
                 into
                 the
                 Countrey
                 ,
                 found
                 him
                 gone
                 at
                 my
                 return
                 .
                 It
                 may
                 strengthen
                 the
                 Conjecture
                 lately
                 propos'd
                 ,
                 of
                 the
                 possible
                 insinuation
                 of
                 Effluvia
                 that
                 rove
                 in
                 the
                 Air
                 ,
                 at
                 the
                 Pores
                 of
                 the
                 Skin
                 ,
                 if
                 I
                 add
                 that
                 I
                 have
                 had
                 the
                 Curiosity
                 to
                 enquire
                 of
                 more
                 than
                 one
                 Traveller
                 ,
                 that
                 had
                 visited
                 the
                 famous
                 Pico
                 of
                 Tenarif
                 (
                 at
                 whose
                 upper
                 part
                 there
                 are
                 found
                 scatter'd
                 parcels
                 of
                 Sulphur
                 ,
                 and
                 divers
                 manifest
                 tokens
                 of
                 a
                 Vulcan
                 )
                 whether
                 the
                 
                   Sulphureous
                   Steams
                
                 (
                 that
                 I
                 suppos'd
                 to
                 be
                 copious
                 near
                 the
                 top
                 of
                 the
                 
                 Mountain
                 )
                 did
                 not
                 work
                 upon
                 the
                 silver
                 Money
                 they
                 had
                 in
                 their
                 Pockets
                 ,
                 and
                 discolour
                 it
                 :
                 to
                 which
                 he
                 answer'd
                 that
                 't
                 was
                 no
                 uncommon
                 Observation
                 ,
                 to
                 find
                 at
                 mens
                 return
                 from
                 visiting
                 the
                 top
                 of
                 the
                 Hill
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 Money
                 they
                 carried
                 about
                 them
                 was
                 blackn'd
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 he
                 himself
                 had
                 particularly
                 observ'd
                 it
                 to
                 be
                 so
                 :
                 which
                 might
                 easily
                 gain
                 credit
                 with
                 me
                 ,
                 who
                 have
                 divers
                 times
                 made
                 a
                 preparation
                 of
                 Sulphur
                 ,
                 which
                 ,
                 even
                 in
                 the
                 cold
                 ,
                 sends
                 out
                 exhalations
                 so
                 penetrant
                 ,
                 that
                 ,
                 having
                 for
                 tryals
                 sake
                 put
                 some
                 pieces
                 of
                 Coyn
                 (
                 which
                 ought
                 not
                 to
                 be
                 Golden
                 )
                 into
                 a
                 Leather
                 Purse
                 ;
                 they
                 were
                 able
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 in
                 not
                 very
                 many
                 minutes
                 ,
                 to
                 discolour
                 manifestly
                 the
                 Money
                 ,
                 in
                 spite
                 of
                 the
                 interposition
                 of
                 the
                 Purse
                 that
                 contain'd
                 it
                 .
                 But
                 I
                 had
                 a
                 more
                 considerable
                 instance
                 of
                 the
                 efficacy
                 of
                 the
                 Sulphureous
                 Expirations
                 of
                 the
                 Pico
                 of
                 Tenarif
                 ,
                 by
                 a
                 sober
                 Person
                 that
                 is
                 one
                 of
                 the
                 chief
                 Directours
                 of
                 the
                 famous
                 
                 East-India-Company
                 of
                 London
                 ;
                 who
                 ,
                 
                 being
                 question'd
                 by
                 me
                 about
                 some
                 circumstances
                 of
                 his
                 Journey
                 to
                 visit
                 the
                 top
                 of
                 that
                 stupendious
                 Mountain
                 ,
                 answer'd
                 me
                 ,
                 that
                 among
                 other
                 effects
                 the
                 Sulphureous
                 Air
                 had
                 upon
                 him
                 ,
                 (
                 who
                 is
                 of
                 a
                 very
                 fine
                 complexion
                 )
                 he
                 found
                 at
                 his
                 return
                 to
                 the
                 bottom
                 ,
                 that
                 his
                 light-colour'd
                 Hair
                 had
                 manifestly
                 changed
                 colour
                 ,
                 and
                 was
                 in
                 many
                 places
                 grown
                 forked
                 at
                 the
                 ends
                 .
                 These
                 Observations
                 may
                 make
                 it
                 probable
                 ,
                 that
                 
                   Mineral
                   Exhalations
                
                 may
                 not
                 only
                 affect
                 humane
                 Bodies
                 ,
                 as
                 they
                 are
                 drawn
                 into
                 the
                 Lungs
                 with
                 the
                 Air
                 they
                 swim
                 in
                 ,
                 but
                 as
                 they
                 insinuate
                 themselves
                 into
                 the
                 Pores
                 of
                 the
                 Skin
                 .
              
               
                 One
                 considerable
                 Objection
                 I
                 foresee
                 may
                 be
                 made
                 ,
                 against
                 the
                 Proposition
                 I
                 have
                 been
                 all
                 this
                 while
                 endeavouring
                 to
                 render
                 probable
                 ;
                 namely
                 ,
                 that
                 't
                 is
                 scarce
                 conceivable
                 ,
                 that
                 in
                 so
                 many
                 Ages
                 as
                 
                   Endemical
                   Diseases
                
                 have
                 afflicted
                 some
                 Countries
                 ,
                 the
                 Subterraneal
                 Matter
                 ,
                 to
                 which
                 I
                 do
                 in
                 great
                 part
                 impute
                 some
                 of
                 them
                 ,
                 should
                 not
                 be
                 
                 wasted
                 and
                 spent
                 .
                 I
                 might
                 perhaps
                 on
                 this
                 occasion
                 move
                 a
                 doubt
                 ,
                 whether
                 we
                 have
                 had
                 such
                 continued
                 accounts
                 of
                 the
                 temperature
                 of
                 the
                 Air
                 ,
                 of
                 all
                 the
                 Countries
                 where
                 Diseases
                 are
                 now
                 Endemical
                 ,
                 as
                 to
                 know
                 that
                 they
                 have
                 been
                 always
                 so
                 ;
                 and
                 that
                 some
                 of
                 those
                 Diseases
                 have
                 not
                 been
                 worn
                 out
                 here
                 or
                 there
                 ,
                 and
                 some
                 others
                 have
                 not
                 of
                 later
                 Ages
                 begun
                 to
                 appear
                 in
                 this
                 or
                 that
                 place
                 .
                 But
                 contenting
                 my self
                 at
                 present
                 to
                 have
                 hinted
                 this
                 Question
                 ,
                 I
                 shall
                 not
                 stay
                 to
                 discuss
                 it
                 ;
                 but
                 proceed
                 to
                 offer
                 three
                 things
                 ,
                 by
                 way
                 of
                 direct
                 answer
                 to
                 the
                 Objection
                 .
              
               
                 1.
                 
                 And
                 first
                 ,
                 I
                 think
                 it
                 very
                 possible
                 ,
                 that
                 divers
                 Subterraneal
                 Bodies
                 that
                 emit
                 Effluvia
                 ,
                 may
                 have
                 in
                 them
                 a
                 kind
                 of
                 propagative
                 or
                 self
                 multiplying
                 power
                 :
                 I
                 will
                 not
                 here
                 examine
                 ,
                 whether
                 this
                 proceed
                 from
                 some
                 seminal
                 Principle
                 ,
                 which
                 many
                 Chymists
                 and
                 others
                 ascribe
                 to
                 Metals
                 ,
                 and
                 even
                 to
                 stones
                 ,
                 or
                 (
                 which
                 is
                 perhaps
                 more
                 likely
                 )
                 to
                 something
                 analagous
                 to
                 a
                 Firment
                 ,
                 such
                 as
                 in
                 
                 Vegetables
                 enables
                 a
                 little
                 sour
                 dough
                 to
                 extend
                 it self
                 through
                 the
                 whole
                 Mass
                 ;
                 or
                 such
                 ,
                 as
                 when
                 an
                 Apple
                 or
                 Pear
                 is
                 bruis'd
                 in
                 one
                 part
                 ,
                 makes
                 the
                 putrify'd
                 part
                 by
                 degrees
                 to
                 transmute
                 the
                 sound
                 into
                 it's
                 own
                 likeness
                 ;
                 or
                 else
                 some
                 maturative
                 power
                 ,
                 whereby
                 an
                 inanimate
                 Body
                 may
                 gradually
                 admit
                 of
                 such
                 a
                 change
                 ,
                 or
                 acquire
                 such
                 Qualities
                 ,
                 as
                 may
                 be
                 in
                 Mens
                 estimate
                 perfective
                 of
                 it
                 ,
                 and
                 perhaps
                 give
                 it
                 a
                 new
                 denomination
                 ;
                 as
                 
                 Anana's
                 in
                 the
                 Indies
                 ,
                 and
                 Medlars
                 ,
                 and
                 some
                 other
                 fruits
                 here
                 in
                 Europe
                 ,
                 do
                 after
                 they
                 are
                 gathered
                 ,
                 acquire
                 (
                 as
                 it
                 were
                 ,
                 spontaneously
                 )
                 in
                 process
                 of
                 time
                 ,
                 a
                 consistence
                 and
                 sweetness
                 ,
                 and
                 sometimes
                 Colour
                 and
                 Odour
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 short
                 such
                 a
                 state
                 as
                 by
                 one
                 word
                 we
                 call
                 maturity
                 or
                 ripeness
                 :
                 and
                 so
                 some
                 Metalline
                 Ores
                 ,
                 and
                 some
                 Mineral
                 Earths
                 themselves
                 ,
                 have
                 been
                 observ'd
                 by
                 Mineralogists
                 ,
                 to
                 acquire
                 in
                 tract
                 of
                 time
                 such
                 a
                 change
                 ,
                 as
                 to
                 afford
                 some
                 Metal
                 or
                 other
                 Body
                 ,
                 which
                 either
                 it
                 did
                 not
                 afford
                 before
                 ,
                 or
                 at
                 least
                 did
                 not
                 afford
                 
                 so
                 copiously
                 ,
                 or
                 so
                 well
                 qualify'd
                 .
                 This
                 I
                 have
                 purposely
                 made
                 out
                 in
                 another
                 Paper
                 :
                 and
                 the
                 Observation
                 particularly
                 holds
                 as
                 to
                 Niter
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 thought
                 to
                 be
                 the
                 most
                 Catholick
                 Fossile
                 we
                 have
                 ;
                 and
                 to
                 be
                 at
                 least
                 one
                 of
                 those
                 Fossiles
                 ,
                 that
                 do
                 the
                 most
                 plentifully
                 emit
                 Effluvia
                 into
                 the
                 Air.
                 
              
               
                 2.
                 
                 When
                 I
                 consider
                 ,
                 that
                 even
                 in
                 those
                 Mines
                 that
                 are
                 accounted
                 deep
                 ones
                 ,
                 the
                 Spades
                 of
                 Men
                 are
                 not
                 wont
                 to
                 reach
                 to
                 the
                 ten
                 thousandth
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 thickness
                 of
                 the
                 Earth
                 ,
                 between
                 its
                 Surface
                 ,
                 and
                 its
                 Centre
                 ,
                 which
                 yet
                 is
                 but
                 its
                 Semi-diametre
                 ;
                 I
                 cannot
                 but
                 confess
                 ,
                 that
                 we
                 know
                 very
                 little
                 of
                 the
                 Nature
                 or
                 Constitution
                 of
                 the
                 lower
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 Terrestrial
                 Globe
                 ;
                 since
                 we
                 know
                 little
                 or
                 nothing
                 experimentally
                 ,
                 of
                 what
                 lyes
                 beneath
                 that
                 Comparatively
                 very
                 thin
                 Crust
                 or
                 Scurf
                 ,
                 (
                 if
                 I
                 may
                 so
                 call
                 it
                 )
                 that
                 Humane
                 Industry
                 has
                 been
                 hitherto
                 confin'd
                 to
                 .
                 And
                 upon
                 this
                 account
                 I
                 do
                 not
                 think
                 it
                 absurd
                 to
                 suspect
                 ,
                 that
                 from
                 the
                 lower
                 Subterraneal
                 
                 Regions
                 there
                 may
                 be
                 ,
                 either
                 continually
                 ,
                 or
                 periodically
                 ,
                 emitted
                 into
                 the
                 Region
                 of
                 Mines
                 (
                 if
                 I
                 may
                 so
                 call
                 it
                 )
                 great
                 store
                 ,
                 and
                 variety
                 of
                 Mineral
                 Exhalations
                 ,
                 which
                 may
                 continually
                 repair
                 the
                 loss
                 of
                 those
                 ,
                 that
                 from
                 time
                 to
                 time
                 ascend
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Fossile
                 Region
                 (
                 as
                 I
                 may
                 also
                 call
                 that
                 of
                 Mines
                 )
                 into
                 the
                 Atmosphere
                 .
                 But
                 the
                 things
                 I
                 could
                 alledge
                 to
                 Countenance
                 this
                 Conjecture
                 ,
                 must
                 not
                 be
                 insisted
                 on
                 in
                 this
                 place
                 .
                 Therefore
                 I
                 proceed
                 to
                 consider
                 .
              
               
                 3.
                 
                 That
                 Bodies
                 so
                 heavy
                 ,
                 and
                 consequently
                 so
                 abundant
                 in
                 parts
                 of
                 solid
                 matter
                 crouded
                 together
                 ,
                 as
                 Minerals
                 ,
                 and
                 other
                 Fossiles
                 are
                 wont
                 to
                 be
                 ,
                 may
                 well
                 be
                 suppos'd
                 capable
                 ,
                 without
                 destructively
                 wasting
                 themselves
                 to
                 emit
                 store
                 of
                 such
                 minute
                 Particles
                 as
                 Effluvia
                 ,
                 for
                 an
                 exceeding
                 long
                 time
                 .
                 This
                 will
                 be
                 easily
                 granted
                 by
                 him
                 that
                 shall
                 consider
                 the
                 particulars
                 laid
                 together
                 in
                 a
                 small
                 Tract
                 ,
                 that
                 I
                 purposely
                 writ
                 ,
                 about
                 the
                 admirable
                 Subtilty
                 
                 of
                 Effluvia
                 .
                 And
                 't
                 will
                 be
                 the
                 more
                 easily
                 believ'd
                 ,
                 if
                 it
                 be
                 consider'd
                 how
                 long
                 some
                 Load-stones
                 ,
                 sever'd
                 from
                 their
                 Mine
                 ,
                 have
                 been
                 kept
                 in
                 the
                 Air
                 without
                 any
                 notable
                 ,
                 or
                 perhaps
                 so
                 much
                 as
                 sensible
                 diminution
                 of
                 their
                 Virtue
                 .
                 And
                 this
                 brings
                 into
                 my
                 mind
                 what
                 an
                 eminent
                 Physician
                 ,
                 who
                 was
                 skill'd
                 in
                 Perfumes
                 ,
                 affirm'd
                 to
                 me
                 about
                 the
                 durableness
                 of
                 an
                 Effluviating
                 power
                 ,
                 that
                 was
                 not
                 natural
                 to
                 a
                 Metal
                 ,
                 but
                 adventitious
                 ,
                 and
                 introduc'd
                 by
                 Art
                 :
                 for
                 he
                 assur'd
                 me
                 that
                 he
                 had
                 a
                 Silver
                 Watch-case
                 ,
                 that
                 had
                 been
                 so
                 well
                 perfum'd
                 ,
                 that
                 though
                 he
                 usually
                 wore
                 the
                 Watch
                 in
                 his
                 Pocket
                 ,
                 it
                 continued
                 to
                 be
                 well
                 scented
                 sixteen
                 years
                 .
                 The
                 same
                 Person
                 had
                 a
                 way
                 of
                 perfuming
                 factitious
                 Marble
                 quite
                 thorough
                 ,
                 whose
                 grateful
                 Scent
                 he
                 affirm'd
                 would
                 last
                 exceedingly
                 ;
                 and
                 of
                 this
                 perfum'd
                 Marble
                 he
                 presented
                 me
                 a
                 Ball
                 ,
                 which
                 having
                 been
                 some
                 months
                 after
                 gotten
                 from
                 me
                 by
                 a
                 great
                 Lady
                 ,
                 I
                 was
                 disabled
                 from
                 observing
                 the
                 durableness
                 of
                 the
                 fragrancy
                 .
              
               
               
                 I
                 might
                 perhaps
                 be
                 thought
                 wanting
                 to
                 my
                 Cause
                 ,
                 if
                 ,
                 before
                 I
                 dismiss
                 the
                 Proposition
                 I
                 have
                 been
                 all
                 this
                 while
                 discoursing
                 of
                 ,
                 I
                 should
                 not
                 observe
                 ,
                 that
                 Subterraneal
                 Effluvia
                 may
                 contribute
                 to
                 
                   Endemical
                   Diseases
                
                 ,
                 not
                 only
                 as
                 they
                 vitiate
                 the
                 Air
                 ,
                 that
                 Men
                 breathe
                 in
                 ,
                 or
                 are
                 immediately
                 touch'd
                 by
                 ;
                 but
                 as
                 they
                 may
                 impregnate
                 or
                 deprave
                 the
                 Aliments
                 that
                 men
                 feed
                 upon
                 .
                 For
                 first
                 ,
                 they
                 do
                 mingle
                 themselves
                 with
                 the
                 water
                 ,
                 which
                 either
                 men
                 drink
                 it self
                 alone
                 ,
                 (
                 as
                 is
                 the
                 Custome
                 with
                 many
                 Nations
                 ,
                 and
                 of
                 some
                 men
                 in
                 most
                 Nations
                 ;
                 or
                 make
                 of
                 it
                 their
                 Bear
                 ,
                 Ale
                 ,
                 or
                 other
                 factitious
                 drinks
                 ,
                 prepar'd
                 of
                 Water
                 and
                 Barley
                 ,
                 Oats
                 ,
                 Rice
                 ,
                 &c.
                 
                 That
                 divers
                 Springs
                 ,
                 and
                 other
                 Waters
                 are
                 imbued
                 with
                 Mineral
                 Corpuscles
                 ,
                 may
                 be
                 judg'd
                 by
                 some
                 of
                 the
                 Medicinal
                 Springs
                 :
                 for
                 ,
                 though
                 divers
                 Acidulae
                 and
                 Thermae
                 afford
                 good
                 store
                 of
                 palpable
                 Sulphur
                 or
                 Salt
                 ,
                 yet
                 all
                 do
                 not
                 ;
                 and
                 having
                 purposely
                 examin'd
                 a
                 famous
                 one
                 ,
                 I
                 could
                 with
                 a
                 pair
                 of
                 nice
                 Scales
                 
                 scarce
                 discover
                 any
                 sensible
                 difference
                 at
                 all
                 between
                 the
                 
                   Medicinal
                   Water
                
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 
                   common
                   Water
                
                 that
                 was
                 to
                 be
                 met
                 with
                 thereabouts
                 .
                 And
                 that
                 which
                 impregnated
                 this
                 ,
                 and
                 which
                 I
                 found
                 by
                 tryal
                 on
                 my self
                 ,
                 and
                 some
                 other
                 Bodies
                 ,
                 enabl'd
                 it
                 to
                 work
                 very
                 manifestly
                 like
                 a
                 Mineral
                 Water
                 ,
                 was
                 a
                 sort
                 of
                 Corpuscles
                 so
                 minute
                 and
                 subtile
                 ,
                 that
                 if
                 the
                 Bottles
                 were
                 not
                 kept
                 well
                 stopt
                 ,
                 they
                 would
                 in
                 a
                 short
                 time
                 vanish
                 ,
                 and
                 leave
                 the
                 Liquor
                 dispirited
                 .
                 Experience
                 has
                 assur'd
                 me
                 ,
                 that
                 there
                 are
                 ways
                 of
                 making
                 common
                 water
                 violently
                 and
                 hurtfully
                 operative
                 upon
                 Humane
                 Bodies
                 ,
                 though
                 its
                 sensible
                 qualities
                 would
                 not
                 make
                 one
                 suspect
                 any
                 change
                 in
                 it
                 :
                 but
                 the
                 ill
                 use
                 that
                 bad
                 men
                 may
                 make
                 of
                 such
                 Liquors
                 ,
                 makes
                 me
                 forbear
                 to
                 express
                 my self
                 more
                 clearly
                 :
                 nor
                 is
                 it
                 necessary
                 that
                 I
                 should
                 add
                 anything
                 to
                 confirm
                 the
                 propos'd
                 conjecture
                 ,
                 save
                 what
                 may
                 be
                 inferr'd
                 from
                 these
                 two
                 Particulars
                 ;
                 the
                 first
                 whereof
                 is
                 the
                 scarce
                 at
                 all
                 sensible
                 
                 change
                 that
                 may
                 be
                 made
                 in
                 water
                 ,
                 and
                 some
                 other
                 Liquors
                 ,
                 that
                 are
                 made
                 strongly
                 Emetick
                 by
                 
                   Crocus
                   Metallorum
                
                 ,
                 and
                 by
                 Antimony
                 vitrify'd
                 without
                 addition
                 :
                 and
                 the
                 second
                 may
                 be
                 taken
                 from
                 those
                 Averni
                 ,
                 whence
                 there
                 continually
                 ascend
                 such
                 pernicious
                 Exhalations
                 ,
                 as
                 in
                 some
                 places
                 intoxicate
                 or
                 kill
                 even
                 the
                 Birds
                 that
                 fly
                 over
                 those
                 poysonous
                 vents
                 ;
                 for
                 if
                 such
                 Exhalations
                 ,
                 or
                 even
                 far
                 less
                 deadly
                 ones
                 ,
                 should
                 (
                 as
                 they
                 may
                 be
                 reasonably
                 suppos'd
                 ,
                 sometimes
                 to
                 do
                 )
                 meet
                 with
                 either
                 running
                 or
                 stagnant
                 Waters
                 in
                 their
                 ascent
                 ,
                 there
                 is
                 little
                 doubt
                 to
                 be
                 made
                 ,
                 but
                 they
                 will
                 impregnate
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 make
                 them
                 noxious
                 .
                 And
                 on
                 this
                 occasion
                 we
                 may
                 pertinently
                 recall
                 to
                 mind
                 ,
                 what
                 I
                 have
                 formerly
                 deliver'd
                 about
                 a
                 place
                 upon
                 the
                 Borders
                 of
                 Lancashire
                 ,
                 where
                 the
                 Water
                 and
                 Mud
                 of
                 a
                 Ditch
                 is
                 so
                 copiously
                 impregnated
                 with
                 Subterraneal
                 Exhalations
                 ,
                 (
                 whether
                 they
                 be
                 bituminous
                 ,
                 sulphureous
                 ,
                 or
                 of
                 some
                 
                 unknown
                 kind
                 )
                 that
                 they
                 may
                 easily
                 be
                 fir'd
                 at
                 the
                 surface
                 of
                 the
                 Water
                 ,
                 or
                 Earth
                 ,
                 and
                 made
                 to
                 burn
                 like
                 a
                 Candle
                 ,
                 as
                 an
                 ingenious
                 man
                 did
                 at
                 my
                 Request
                 successfully
                 try
                 .
              
               
                 But
                 there
                 is
                 another
                 account
                 ,
                 upon
                 which
                 the
                 Effluvia
                 of
                 the
                 lower
                 parts
                 of
                 the
                 Earth
                 may
                 have
                 a
                 greater
                 stroke
                 in
                 producing
                 of
                 Endemical
                 Diseases
                 ;
                 namely
                 ,
                 as
                 they
                 mingle
                 with
                 the
                 Water
                 ,
                 and
                 other
                 Liquors
                 that
                 are
                 necessary
                 to
                 the
                 nutrition
                 and
                 growth
                 of
                 Plants
                 ;
                 and
                 ,
                 by
                 depraving
                 those
                 juices
                 ,
                 make
                 the
                 vegetables
                 that
                 are
                 nourish'd
                 by
                 them
                 unhealthy
                 for
                 the
                 men
                 that
                 eat
                 them
                 ,
                 or
                 make
                 drinks
                 of
                 them
                 :
                 and
                 these
                 noxious
                 Exhalations
                 may
                 be
                 suppos'd
                 in
                 many
                 places
                 to
                 impregnate
                 the
                 juices
                 of
                 the
                 Earth
                 ,
                 much
                 more
                 copiously
                 than
                 they
                 do
                 the
                 running
                 or
                 stagnant
                 Waters
                 lately
                 spoken
                 of
                 :
                 because
                 the
                 difficulty
                 of
                 pervading
                 the
                 Earth
                 in
                 their
                 ascent
                 ,
                 may
                 so
                 long
                 check
                 them
                 ,
                 as
                 to
                 make
                 them
                 very
                 numerous
                 in
                 a
                 small
                 space
                 ,
                 and
                 perhaps
                 make
                 them
                 convene
                 into
                 Bodies
                 ,
                 so
                 far
                 of
                 a
                 Saline
                 Nature
                 as
                 to
                 
                 be
                 dissoluble
                 either
                 in
                 common
                 Water
                 ,
                 or
                 some
                 other
                 Subterraneal
                 Liquor
                 ;
                 by
                 whose
                 help
                 ,
                 as
                 by
                 vehicles
                 ,
                 they
                 may
                 insinuate
                 themselves
                 into
                 the
                 roots
                 of
                 Plants
                 ,
                 and
                 be
                 thence
                 conveyed
                 to
                 other
                 parts
                 .
                 Divers
                 things
                 might
                 be
                 alledg'd
                 to
                 keep
                 this
                 conjecture
                 from
                 being
                 improbable
                 ,
                 if
                 I
                 had
                 leisure
                 to
                 insist
                 on
                 them
                 :
                 but
                 I
                 I
                 shall
                 now
                 only
                 mention
                 two
                 things
                 that
                 on
                 this
                 occasion
                 come
                 into
                 my
                 mind
                 :
                 the
                 first
                 whereof
                 is
                 ,
                 that
                 enquiring
                 of
                 a
                 famous
                 Chymist
                 ,
                 who
                 liv'd
                 in
                 a
                 Countrey
                 abounding
                 with
                 Mines
                 of
                 Vitriol
                 ,
                 whether
                 he
                 did
                 not
                 observe
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 Oaks
                 growing
                 over
                 them
                 were
                 more
                 solid
                 ,
                 or
                 heavy
                 ,
                 than
                 those
                 Trees
                 are
                 elsewhere
                 wont
                 to
                 be
                 ;
                 he
                 answer'd
                 me
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 did
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 the
                 difference
                 was
                 remarkable
                 :
                 The
                 other
                 is
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 parts
                 of
                 some
                 Minerals
                 ,
                 (
                 probably
                 by
                 reason
                 of
                 the
                 smallness
                 and
                 solidity
                 of
                 the
                 Corpuscles
                 they
                 consist
                 of
                 )
                 are
                 capable
                 of
                 insinuating
                 themselves
                 very
                 plentifully
                 into
                 the
                 pores
                 of
                 growing
                 Vegetables
                 ,
                 without
                 being
                 really
                 subdu'd
                 by
                 what
                 
                 Philosophers
                 are
                 pleas'd
                 to
                 call
                 the
                 
                   Concocting
                   Faculty
                
                 of
                 the
                 Plant
                 ;
                 and
                 ,
                 instead
                 of
                 being
                 assimilated
                 by
                 the
                 Vegetable
                 ,
                 they
                 retain
                 their
                 own
                 Mineral
                 Nature
                 ,
                 and
                 upon
                 the
                 recess
                 or
                 evaporation
                 of
                 the
                 juice
                 that
                 serv'd
                 them
                 for
                 a
                 vehicle
                 ,
                 may
                 sometimes
                 discover
                 their
                 being
                 Mineral
                 ,
                 even
                 to
                 an
                 unassisted
                 Eye
                 .
                 For
                 I
                 remember
                 I
                 have
                 seen
                 a
                 piece
                 of
                 a
                 Vine
                 ,
                 that
                 grew
                 not
                 far
                 from
                 Paris
                 ,
                 which
                 being
                 broken
                 ,
                 I
                 perceiv'd
                 a
                 multitude
                 of
                 the
                 internal
                 Pores
                 of
                 the
                 root
                 ,
                 and
                 ,
                 if
                 I
                 mistake
                 not
                 ,
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 Trunk
                 also
                 ,
                 to
                 be
                 stuff't
                 with
                 Corpuscles
                 of
                 a
                 Marchasitical
                 Nature
                 ;
                 as
                 manifestly
                 appear'd
                 by
                 their
                 Colour
                 ,
                 and
                 their
                 shining
                 lustre
                 ,
                 and
                 also
                 by
                 their
                 weight
                 .
              
               
                 There
                 goes
                 a
                 Tradition
                 among
                 learned
                 Men
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 leaves
                 of
                 Vines
                 that
                 grow
                 in
                 some
                 places
                 of
                 Hungary
                 ,
                 whose
                 Mines
                 afford
                 Gold
                 ,
                 are
                 as
                 it
                 were
                 gilt
                 on
                 the
                 lower
                 side
                 ,
                 by
                 ascending
                 Exhalations
                 of
                 a
                 Golden
                 Nature
                 :
                 whether
                 this
                 be
                 true
                 or
                 no
                 ,
                 I
                 shall
                 not
                 take
                 upon
                 me
                 to
                 determine
                 :
                 but
                 I
                 remember
                 ,
                 that
                 having
                 made
                 enquiry
                 
                 about
                 the
                 truth
                 of
                 it
                 ,
                 of
                 a
                 very
                 ingenious
                 Traveller
                 ,
                 whose
                 Curiosity
                 led
                 him
                 to
                 visit
                 heedfully
                 those
                 famous
                 Mines
                 :
                 he
                 told
                 me
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 did
                 not
                 remember
                 he
                 had
                 observ'd
                 what
                 is
                 reported
                 about
                 the
                 Leaves
                 of
                 the
                 Vine
                 :
                 but
                 he
                 knew
                 very
                 well
                 that
                 at
                 Tockay
                 (
                 a
                 place
                 that
                 affords
                 the
                 famousest
                 Wine
                 of
                 Hungary
                 ,
                 and
                 indeed
                 the
                 best
                 I
                 have
                 drunk
                 )
                 very
                 many
                 of
                 the
                 kernels
                 of
                 the
                 Grapes
                 would
                 appear
                 guilt
                 over
                 ,
                 as
                 it
                 were
                 ,
                 with
                 leaf
                 gold
                 .
                 To
                 what
                 has
                 been
                 already
                 discours'd
                 ,
                 may
                 be
                 added
                 ,
                 that
                 since
                 men
                 are
                 not
                 wont
                 to
                 feed
                 upon
                 either
                 Beasts
                 ,
                 or
                 Birds
                 of
                 prey
                 ,
                 as
                 carnivorous
                 Animals
                 usually
                 are
                 ,
                 but
                 upon
                 such
                 as
                 live
                 upon
                 Grass
                 ,
                 or
                 Seeds
                 ,
                 or
                 other
                 vegetable
                 substances
                 ,
                 and
                 drink
                 nothing
                 but
                 fair
                 water
                 ;
                 the
                 noxious
                 exhalations
                 that
                 make
                 vegetables
                 ,
                 and
                 water
                 unwholsome
                 ,
                 may
                 by
                 their
                 means
                 have
                 a
                 very
                 bad
                 influence
                 upon
                 Sheep
                 ,
                 Cows
                 ,
                 Deer
                 ,
                 Pigeons
                 and
                 other
                 Animals
                 that
                 seed
                 upon
                 such
                 deprav'd
                 vegetables
                 ,
                 and
                 drink
                 such
                 noxious
                 waters
                 ;
                 and
                 consequently
                 may
                 be
                 very
                 hurtfull
                 to
                 
                 those
                 men
                 that
                 feed
                 upon
                 such
                 Animals
                 ,
                 and
                 may
                 by
                 the
                 deprav'd
                 aliment
                 they
                 afford
                 ,
                 determine
                 them
                 to
                 an
                 Endemical
                 Disease
                 ,
                 such
                 as
                 that
                 vitiated
                 nutriment
                 is
                 fitted
                 to
                 produce
                 .
              
               
                 Perhaps
                 it
                 will
                 not
                 seem
                 improper
                 to
                 add
                 on
                 this
                 occasion
                 ,
                 that
                 't
                 is
                 possible
                 that
                 in
                 certain
                 places
                 the
                 latent
                 Minerals
                 may
                 be
                 of
                 such
                 a
                 Nature
                 ,
                 as
                 that
                 their
                 Effluvia
                 may
                 ,
                 instead
                 of
                 promoting
                 ,
                 hinder
                 the
                 Production
                 of
                 some
                 particular
                 Disease
                 ,
                 whether
                 Epidemical
                 or
                 Endemical
                 in
                 the
                 Bodies
                 of
                 them
                 that
                 inhabit
                 those
                 Places
                 .
                 For
                 as
                 Physicians
                 observe
                 that
                 the
                 more
                 manifest
                 morbifick
                 causes
                 of
                 some
                 sicknesses
                 ,
                 are
                 quite
                 contrary
                 to
                 those
                 of
                 others
                 ,
                 so
                 I
                 think
                 it
                 not
                 improbable
                 ,
                 that
                 there
                 may
                 also
                 be
                 a
                 mutual
                 contrariety
                 ,
                 between
                 those
                 latent
                 morbifick
                 causes
                 ,
                 that
                 are
                 sent
                 up
                 by
                 subterraneal
                 Agents
                 .
                 And
                 therefore
                 it
                 need
                 to
                 be
                 no
                 wonder
                 ,
                 if
                 some
                 of
                 these
                 should
                 either
                 disable
                 those
                 to
                 which
                 they
                 are
                 Hostile
                 ,
                 or
                 should
                 at
                 least
                 work
                 in
                 Humane
                 Bodies
                 a
                 great
                 Indisposition
                 to
                 admit
                 their
                 hurtfull
                 
                 Operations
                 ,
                 which
                 methinks
                 those
                 Physicians
                 and
                 Chymists
                 should
                 easily
                 grant
                 ,
                 who
                 with
                 a
                 boldness
                 that
                 I
                 do
                 not
                 applaud
                 ,
                 prescribe
                 Amulets
                 ,
                 wherein
                 Arsenick
                 ,
                 or
                 some
                 other
                 poysonous
                 Drug
                 is
                 employ'd
                 ,
                 as
                 preservatives
                 from
                 the
                 Plague
                 ,
                 against
                 which
                 ,
                 I
                 doubt
                 the
                 chief
                 Succours
                 they
                 afford
                 ,
                 proceeds
                 from
                 the
                 Confidence
                 or
                 Fearlesness
                 they
                 give
                 those
                 that
                 wear
                 them
                 .
                 But
                 to
                 return
                 to
                 our
                 subterraneal
                 Effluvia
                 ,
                 since
                 there
                 are
                 divers
                 whole
                 Countries
                 ,
                 or
                 lesser
                 places
                 ,
                 that
                 are
                 either
                 altogether
                 ,
                 or
                 in
                 great
                 part
                 ,
                 free
                 from
                 this
                 or
                 that
                 particular
                 Disease
                 ;
                 as
                 in
                 several
                 parts
                 of
                 Scotland
                 from
                 Agues
                 ,
                 especially
                 if
                 I
                 mistake
                 not
                 Quartans
                 ,
                 are
                 very
                 unfrequent
                 ,
                 insomuch
                 that
                 a
                 learned
                 Physician
                 answer'd
                 me
                 ,
                 that
                 in
                 divers
                 years
                 practice
                 he
                 met
                 not
                 with
                 above
                 three
                 or
                 four
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 several
                 large
                 Regions
                 of
                 the
                 East-Indies
                 ,
                 notwithstanding
                 the
                 excessive
                 heat
                 of
                 the
                 Climate
                 ,
                 the
                 Plague
                 is
                 very
                 rare
                 :
                 since
                 (
                 I
                 say
                 )
                 these
                 things
                 are
                 so
                 ,
                 it
                 seems
                 not
                 altogether
                 improbable
                 that
                 the
                 subterraneal
                 
                 steaws
                 may
                 contribute
                 to
                 this
                 advantage
                 ,
                 by
                 impregnating
                 both
                 the
                 Air
                 ,
                 the
                 Earth
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Water
                 ,
                 with
                 Corpuscles
                 endow'd
                 with
                 Qualities
                 unfriendly
                 to
                 these
                 Diseases
                 ,
                 which
                 seems
                 to
                 be
                 somewhat
                 the
                 more
                 credible
                 ,
                 because
                 it
                 has
                 been
                 observ'd
                 that
                 some
                 vast
                 Tracts
                 of
                 Land
                 will
                 neither
                 breed
                 nor
                 maintain
                 venemous
                 Creatures
                 ,
                 as
                 is
                 undoubtedly
                 believ'd
                 of
                 the
                 whole
                 Kingdom
                 of
                 Ireland
                 ,
                 where
                 I
                 confess
                 I
                 neither
                 did
                 see
                 any
                 alive
                 ,
                 nor
                 met
                 with
                 any
                 other
                 that
                 did
                 ;
                 for
                 as
                 to
                 Spiders
                 ,
                 though
                 they
                 breed
                 in
                 that
                 Countrey
                 ,
                 where
                 I
                 have
                 seen
                 many
                 of
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 sometimes
                 even
                 upon
                 Irish
                 Wood
                 ,
                 yet
                 they
                 are
                 unanimously
                 believ'd
                 not
                 to
                 be
                 poysonous
                 there
                 :
                 And
                 some
                 Writers
                 tell
                 us
                 ,
                 how
                 truly
                 I
                 know
                 not
                 ,
                 of
                 some
                 other
                 Countries
                 ,
                 to
                 which
                 they
                 affirm
                 the
                 like
                 Privilege
                 to
                 belong
                 .
                 But
                 there
                 is
                 one
                 instance
                 afforded
                 us
                 by
                 Begninus
                 ,
                 who
                 travel'd
                 much
                 to
                 visit
                 Mines
                 ,
                 which
                 if
                 it
                 be
                 strictly
                 true
                 ,
                 is
                 very
                 notable
                 for
                 my
                 present
                 purpose
                 .
                 
                   Dignum
                   admiratione
                   est
                
                 ,
                 says
                 he
                 ,
                 
                   quod
                   quamvis
                   in
                   vicinia
                   Hydriae
                
                 
                 
                   Comitatus
                   Gloriciensis
                   ,
                   ubi
                   reperitur
                   copiosè
                   ☿
                   singulis
                   ferè
                   annis
                   Lues
                   pestifera
                   grassatur
                   ,
                   illa
                   tamen
                   semper
                   immunis
                   ab
                   hac
                   manere
                   soleat
                   ,
                   idque
                   viri
                   provectae
                   aetatis
                   se
                   observasse
                   &
                   à
                   majoribus
                   suis
                   accepisse
                   ,
                   mihi
                   sanctè
                   confirmârunt
                   .
                
                 To
                 which
                 I
                 should
                 add
                 the
                 Testimony
                 of
                 the
                 Learned
                 
                   Michael
                   Mayerus
                
                 ,
                 who
                 pronounces
                 Mercury
                 to
                 be
                 an
                 Alexipharmacum
                 against
                 divers
                 Diseases
                 ,
                 and
                 particularly
                 the
                 Plague
                 ,
                 if
                 I
                 did
                 not
                 suspect
                 by
                 his
                 way
                 of
                 mentioning
                 this
                 last
                 Disease
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 but
                 borrowed
                 his
                 Encomium
                 of
                 Mercury
                 from
                 Begninus
                 .
                 But
                 however
                 ;
                 what
                 has
                 been
                 related
                 ,
                 has
                 invited
                 me
                 to
                 consider
                 ,
                 whether
                 there
                 may
                 not
                 be
                 some
                 virtue
                 ,
                 as
                 well
                 as
                 some
                 danger
                 ,
                 in
                 Amulets
                 of
                 Quicksilver
                 that
                 are
                 by
                 many
                 extoll'd
                 against
                 the
                 Plague
                 .
                 But
                 this
                 onley
                 upon
                 the
                 bye
                 .
              
            
             
               
               
               
                 PROPOSITION
                 III.
                 
              
               
                 
                   It
                   is
                   Likely
                   ,
                   that
                   divers
                   Epidemical
                   Diseases
                   are
                   in
                   great
                   part
                   produc'd
                   by
                   Subterraneal
                   Effluvia
                   .
                
              
               
                 I
                 Am
                 very
                 well
                 aware
                 ,
                 that
                 divers
                 Diseases
                 that
                 extraordinarily
                 invade
                 great
                 numbers
                 of
                 people
                 at
                 the
                 same
                 time
                 ;
                 (
                 and
                 were
                 therefore
                 ,
                 by
                 the
                 Greeks
                 called
                 Epidemical
                 )
                 may
                 be
                 rationally
                 refer'd
                 to
                 
                   manifest
                   Intemperatenesses
                
                 of
                 the
                 Air
                 ,
                 in
                 point
                 of
                 Heat
                 ,
                 Cold
                 ,
                 Moisture
                 ,
                 or
                 some
                 other
                 
                   Obvious
                   Quality
                
                 .
                 And
                 therefore
                 the
                 Proposition
                 speaks
                 but
                 of
                 
                   some
                   Epidemical
                   Diseases
                
                 ,
                 and
                 imputes
                 those
                 it
                 speaks
                 of
                 to
                 
                   Subterraneal
                   Effluvia
                
                 ,
                 not
                 as
                 total
                 ,
                 but
                 as
                 partial
                 ,
                 and
                 sometimes
                 as
                 
                   principal
                   ,
                   Agents
                
                 in
                 the
                 production
                 of
                 them
                 .
              
               
                 In
                 favour
                 of
                 the
                 propos'd
                 Conjecture
                 thus
                 explain'd
                 ,
                 I
                 shall
                 offer
                 two
                 things
                 to
                 Consideration
                 .
              
               
               
                 I.
                 And
                 first
                 ,
                 it
                 seems
                 not
                 very
                 improbable
                 ,
                 that
                 divers
                 of
                 those
                 
                   Morbifick
                   Excesses
                
                 (
                 especially
                 if
                 they
                 be
                 sudden
                 )
                 that
                 are
                 observ'd
                 in
                 the
                 Air
                 ,
                 may
                 proceed
                 from
                 the
                 unusually
                 copious
                 ascent
                 of
                 hurtfull
                 Exhalations
                 that
                 mingle
                 with
                 the
                 Air
                 ,
                 and
                 diffuse
                 themselves
                 through
                 it
                 .
                 We
                 are
                 greater
                 Strangers
                 than
                 we
                 commonly
                 take
                 notice
                 of
                 ,
                 to
                 the
                 Subterraneat
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 Globe
                 we
                 inhabit
                 :
                 and
                 if
                 I
                 had
                 leasure
                 ,
                 and
                 thought
                 it
                 necessary
                 ,
                 I
                 could
                 shew
                 ,
                 that
                 there
                 are
                 a
                 great
                 many
                 odd
                 and
                 surprizing
                 things
                 to
                 be
                 met
                 with
                 in
                 the
                 Structure
                 and
                 disposition
                 even
                 of
                 those
                 parts
                 of
                 the
                 Earth
                 ,
                 that
                 lie
                 but
                 a
                 little
                 way
                 beneath
                 the
                 surface
                 of
                 it
                 ,
                 and
                 partly
                 have
                 been
                 ,
                 and
                 partly
                 may
                 easily
                 enough
                 be
                 ,
                 actually
                 penetrated
                 by
                 the
                 industrious
                 Labours
                 of
                 men
                 .
                 And
                 as
                 for
                 the
                 deeper
                 Subterraneal
                 Regions
                 ,
                 we
                 are
                 so
                 much
                 more
                 unacquainted
                 with
                 them
                 ,
                 that
                 we
                 are
                 scarce
                 fit
                 so
                 much
                 as
                 to
                 conjecture
                 ,
                 how
                 far
                 they
                 extend
                 ,
                 or
                 
                 what
                 kind
                 of
                 Materials
                 they
                 contain
                 ,
                 and
                 what
                 is
                 the
                 gross
                 ,
                 and
                 (
                 if
                 I
                 may
                 so
                 speak
                 )
                 the
                 Mechanical
                 Fabrick
                 of
                 the
                 greater
                 Masses
                 ,
                 whether
                 solid
                 or
                 fluid
                 ,
                 they
                 consist
                 of
                 :
                 And
                 least
                 of
                 all
                 can
                 we
                 determine
                 what
                 Motions
                 ,
                 whether
                 periodical
                 ,
                 or
                 others
                 ,
                 these
                 Masses
                 ,
                 or
                 other
                 Portions
                 of
                 deeply
                 lodg'd
                 Matter
                 ,
                 may
                 have
                 .
              
               
                 On
                 such
                 grounds
                 as
                 these
                 ,
                 I
                 conceive
                 ▪
                 it
                 possible
                 ,
                 that
                 ,
                 among
                 the
                 many
                 and
                 various
                 Effluviating
                 Bodies
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 terrestrial
                 Globe
                 may
                 conceal
                 in
                 its
                 Bowels
                 ,
                 there
                 may
                 be
                 some
                 ,
                 whose
                 reeks
                 ascending
                 plentifully
                 into
                 the
                 Air
                 ,
                 may
                 occasion
                 in
                 it
                 an
                 excess
                 of
                 Heat
                 ,
                 Cold
                 ,
                 Moisture
                 ,
                 thickness
                 ,
                 or
                 some
                 other
                 manifest
                 Quality
                 .
                 So
                 that
                 sometimes
                 (
                 not
                 to
                 say
                 many
                 times
                 )
                 even
                 those
                 manifest
                 Intemperatenesses
                 of
                 the
                 Air
                 ,
                 to
                 which
                 an
                 Epidemical
                 Disease
                 is
                 wont
                 to
                 be
                 wholly
                 imputed
                 ,
                 (
                 though
                 perhaps
                 not
                 very
                 justly
                 )
                 may
                 in
                 part
                 proceed
                 from
                 Subterraneal
                 Bodies
                 ;
                 for
                 I
                 elsewhere
                 shew
                 ,
                 that
                 these
                 by
                 their
                 Conflicts
                 ,
                 or
                 Mutual
                 Actions
                 on
                 
                 one
                 another
                 ,
                 may
                 excite
                 great
                 and
                 sudden
                 Heats
                 ,
                 and
                 on
                 that
                 account
                 send
                 up
                 such
                 copious
                 Steams
                 into
                 the
                 Atmosphere
                 ,
                 as
                 may
                 produce
                 there
                 sudden
                 and
                 excessive
                 Heats
                 ,
                 Lightnings
                 ,
                 Thunders
                 ,
                 &c.
                 
                 And
                 I
                 shall
                 now
                 add
                 (
                 what
                 perhaps
                 will
                 appear
                 somewhat
                 strange
                 )
                 that
                 I
                 think
                 sudden
                 and
                 unseasonable
                 Refrigerations
                 of
                 the
                 Air
                 ,
                 may
                 proceed
                 from
                 the
                 action
                 of
                 Subterraneal
                 Bodies
                 upon
                 one
                 another
                 :
                 for
                 Tryal
                 purposely
                 made
                 has
                 inform'd
                 me
                 ,
                 that
                 there
                 are
                 certain
                 Minerals
                 ,
                 whereof
                 some
                 may
                 be
                 employed
                 in
                 their
                 crude
                 Simplicity
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 other
                 requires
                 but
                 a
                 slight
                 Preparation
                 ,
                 such
                 as
                 it
                 may
                 have
                 in
                 the
                 Bowels
                 of
                 the
                 Earth
                 ;
                 which
                 Minerals
                 being
                 put
                 together
                 ,
                 will
                 produce
                 by
                 their
                 Reaction
                 an
                 intense
                 degree
                 of
                 Cold
                 ,
                 not
                 onely
                 as
                 to
                 sense
                 ,
                 but
                 when
                 examined
                 by
                 a
                 seal'd
                 Weather-glass
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Changes
                 of
                 the
                 Air
                 that
                 produce
                 
                   Epidemical
                   Diseases
                
                 are
                 sometimes
                 so
                 great
                 and
                 sudden
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 cannot
                 ,
                 in
                 my
                 Opinion
                 ,
                 with
                 
                 probability
                 be
                 imputed
                 to
                 the
                 action
                 of
                 the
                 Sun
                 ,
                 or
                 the
                 Moon
                 ,
                 (
                 which
                 are
                 causes
                 that
                 act
                 in
                 too
                 general
                 ,
                 and
                 too
                 uniform
                 a
                 way
                 ,
                 to
                 have
                 those
                 particular
                 and
                 anomalous
                 Effects
                 attributed
                 to
                 Them
                 ;
                 )
                 as
                 probably
                 as
                 they
                 may
                 be
                 to
                 Subterraneal
                 Bodies
                 ,
                 that
                 often
                 act
                 with
                 more
                 suddenness
                 and
                 impetuosity
                 ,
                 and
                 without
                 any
                 regularity
                 ,
                 at
                 least
                 that
                 is
                 known
                 to
                 us
                 .
                 The
                 difference
                 we
                 find
                 in
                 Seasons
                 ,
                 that
                 bear
                 the
                 same
                 name
                 ,
                 and
                 should
                 be
                 alike
                 in
                 temperature●
                 ,
                 is
                 oftentimes
                 very
                 great
                 ,
                 and
                 sometimes
                 also
                 very
                 lasting
                 .
                 It
                 is
                 proverbially
                 said
                 in
                 England
                 ,
                 that
                 a
                 
                   Peck
                   of
                   March
                   Dust
                   is
                   worth
                   a
                   King's
                   Ransom
                   :
                
                 So
                 unfrequent
                 is
                 dry
                 Weather
                 during
                 that
                 Month
                 ,
                 in
                 our
                 Climate
                 .
                 And
                 yet
                 in
                 some
                 years
                 ,
                 and
                 particularly
                 the
                 last
                 ,
                 't
                 was
                 a
                 rare
                 thing
                 to
                 have
                 a
                 shower
                 either
                 in
                 
                   March
                   ,
                   April
                
                 ,
                 or
                 May
                 ,
                 sometimes
                 in
                 the
                 Month
                 last
                 named
                 ,
                 there
                 are
                 Heats
                 greater
                 than
                 in
                 the
                 Dog-days
                 of
                 that
                 same
                 Year
                 ;
                 though
                 usually
                 here
                 in
                 England
                 ,
                 divers
                 Mornings
                 of
                 that
                 Month
                 are
                 
                 cold
                 ,
                 and
                 some
                 of
                 them
                 frosty
                 .
                 And
                 now
                 and
                 then
                 I
                 have
                 observ'd
                 in
                 the
                 same
                 Months
                 and
                 Days
                 ,
                 at
                 no
                 great
                 distance
                 from
                 one
                 another
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 Weather
                 has
                 been
                 sultry
                 hot
                 ,
                 and
                 has
                 also
                 produc'd
                 a
                 great
                 Snow
                 .
                 We
                 have
                 seen
                 Summers
                 like
                 that
                 which
                 is
                 remember'd
                 for
                 the
                 Siege
                 of
                 Colchester
                 ,
                 that
                 for
                 almost
                 the
                 whole
                 Season
                 ,
                 where
                 more
                 dark
                 and
                 rainy
                 ,
                 than
                 several
                 Winters
                 have
                 been
                 observ'd
                 to
                 be
                 .
                 To
                 which
                 purpose
                 I
                 remember
                 ,
                 that
                 when
                 I
                 was
                 about
                 to
                 write
                 the
                 History
                 of
                 Cold
                 ,
                 I
                 was
                 fain
                 to
                 watch
                 almost
                 a
                 whole
                 Winter
                 to
                 find
                 two
                 or
                 three
                 frosty
                 days
                 ,
                 to
                 make
                 an
                 Experiment
                 or
                 two
                 I
                 had
                 need
                 of
                 ,
                 that
                 requir'd
                 not
                 a
                 Cold
                 that
                 was
                 either
                 lasting
                 or
                 very
                 intense
                 .
                 But
                 Instances
                 of
                 this
                 kind
                 are
                 so
                 obvious
                 ,
                 to
                 those
                 that
                 are
                 at
                 all
                 heedfull
                 Observers
                 ,
                 that
                 I
                 may
                 safely
                 pass
                 them
                 by
                 ,
                 and
                 inculcate
                 that
                 the
                 Sun
                 being
                 in
                 the
                 same
                 Signs
                 ,
                 at
                 the
                 same
                 Times
                 of
                 the
                 Year
                 ,
                 it
                 does
                 not
                 appear
                 ,
                 how
                 He
                 should
                 produce
                 so
                 great
                 a
                 disparity
                 
                 of
                 the
                 temperature
                 of
                 the
                 Air
                 in
                 Seasons
                 of
                 the
                 same
                 denomination
                 ;
                 (
                 as
                 the
                 Winters
                 or
                 the
                 Summers
                 of
                 differing
                 ,
                 and
                 yet
                 perhaps
                 immediately
                 consecutive
                 ,
                 Years
                 .
                 )
                 And
                 therefore
                 I
                 do
                 not
                 so
                 much
                 wonder
                 ,
                 that
                 many
                 Learned
                 Writers
                 fly
                 to
                 Astrology
                 for
                 an
                 account
                 of
                 these
                 irregular
                 Phaenomena
                 ,
                 and
                 ascribe
                 them
                 to
                 the
                 influences
                 of
                 certain
                 Stars
                 ;
                 notwithstanding
                 what
                 divers
                 eminent
                 Philosophers
                 ,
                 and
                 some
                 great
                 Astronomers
                 too
                 ,
                 have
                 said
                 to
                 prove
                 the
                 vanity
                 of
                 Judiciary
                 Astrology
                 .
              
               
                 I
                 shall
                 not
                 now
                 stay
                 to
                 discuss
                 the
                 Question
                 ,
                 
                   whether
                   the
                   Stars
                   have
                   any
                   influence
                   distinct
                   from
                   their
                   Light
                   and
                   Heat
                   :
                
                 because
                 ,
                 my
                 Opinion
                 about
                 it
                 being
                 somewhat
                 peculiar
                 ,
                 I
                 have
                 discoursed
                 of
                 it
                 in
                 a
                 Paper
                 by
                 it self
                 .
                 But
                 this
                 I
                 shall
                 now
                 say
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 fixt
                 Stars
                 being
                 but
                 general
                 ,
                 and
                 (
                 if
                 I
                 may
                 so
                 speak
                 )
                 indefinite
                 Agents
                 ,
                 almost
                 unimaginably
                 remote
                 from
                 us
                 ,
                 't
                 is
                 nothing
                 near
                 so
                 likely
                 that
                 such
                 Effects
                 as
                 (
                 besides
                 that
                 they
                 happen
                 very
                 suddenly
                 and
                 irregularly
                 )
                 
                 are
                 oftentimes
                 confin'd
                 to
                 a
                 Town
                 ,
                 or
                 some
                 other
                 narrow
                 Compass
                 ,
                 should
                 be
                 produc'd
                 by
                 certain
                 Stars
                 :
                 as
                 that
                 they
                 should
                 be
                 so
                 by
                 Subterraneal
                 Bodies
                 ,
                 which
                 are
                 near
                 at
                 hand
                 ,
                 of
                 very
                 various
                 natures
                 ,
                 and
                 subject
                 to
                 many
                 irregular
                 and
                 differing
                 Motions
                 ,
                 commixtures
                 ,
                 reactions
                 ,
                 and
                 other
                 alterations
                 .
                 I
                 have
                 known
                 a
                 great
                 Cold
                 in
                 a
                 day
                 or
                 two
                 invade
                 Multitudes
                 in
                 the
                 same
                 City
                 ,
                 with
                 violent
                 ,
                 and
                 as
                 to
                 many
                 Persons
                 fatal
                 Symptomes
                 ;
                 when
                 I
                 could
                 not
                 judge
                 ,
                 (
                 as
                 others
                 also
                 did
                 not
                 )
                 that
                 the
                 bare
                 coldness
                 of
                 the
                 Air
                 could
                 so
                 suddenly
                 produce
                 a
                 Disease
                 so
                 Epidemical
                 and
                 hurtfull
                 :
                 and
                 it
                 appear'd
                 the
                 more
                 probable
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 cause
                 came
                 from
                 under
                 ground
                 ,
                 by
                 reason
                 that
                 it
                 began
                 with
                 a
                 very
                 troublesome
                 Fog
                 .
              
               
                 That
                 there
                 may
                 be
                 many
                 Subterraneal
                 Bodies
                 ,
                 which
                 by
                 their
                 commixtures
                 may
                 produce
                 a
                 sudden
                 Heat
                 ,
                 will
                 be
                 easily
                 granted
                 by
                 those
                 that
                 know
                 ,
                 (
                 what
                 I
                 elsewhere
                 purposely
                 make
                 out
                 )
                 that
                 there
                 are
                 Subterraneal
                 
                 Menstruums
                 ;
                 and
                 are
                 acquainted
                 with
                 Chymical
                 Operations
                 ,
                 such
                 as
                 the
                 great
                 effervescence
                 made
                 ,
                 when
                 Oil
                 of
                 Vitriol
                 is
                 put
                 upon
                 filings
                 of
                 Iron
                 ,
                 or
                 Spirit
                 of
                 Niter
                 upon
                 Butter
                 of
                 Antimony
                 ;
                 to
                 which
                 I
                 might
                 add
                 many
                 other
                 of
                 the
                 like
                 kind
                 that
                 I
                 have
                 tryed
                 ,
                 as
                 when
                 Spirit
                 of
                 Niter
                 is
                 put
                 upon
                 filings
                 ,
                 either
                 of
                 Iron
                 ,
                 Copper
                 ,
                 or
                 Tin
                 ,
                 or
                 upon
                 crude
                 Quicksilver
                 ;
                 which
                 I
                 shall
                 content
                 my self
                 to
                 have
                 nam'd
                 ,
                 because
                 I
                 have
                 another
                 Instance
                 that
                 comes
                 closer
                 to
                 our
                 present
                 purpose
                 .
                 For
                 whereas
                 I
                 have
                 shewn
                 above
                 ,
                 that
                 there
                 is
                 in
                 many
                 places
                 great
                 store
                 of
                 Marcasitical
                 matter
                 beneath
                 the
                 surface
                 of
                 the
                 Earth
                 ,
                 and
                 sometimes
                 very
                 near
                 it
                 ;
                 I
                 shall
                 now
                 add
                 that
                 I
                 have
                 purposely
                 tryed
                 ,
                 that
                 putting
                 a
                 little
                 Spirit
                 drawn
                 from
                 Niter
                 ,
                 (
                 with
                 which
                 Salt
                 the
                 Earth
                 in
                 many
                 places
                 abounds
                 )
                 or
                 a
                 litle
                 Oil
                 of
                 Vitriol
                 ,
                 upon
                 powder'd
                 Marcasites
                 (
                 which
                 being
                 hard
                 Stones
                 are
                 more
                 difficultly
                 wrought
                 upon
                 ,
                 than
                 many
                 other
                 Subterxaneous
                 marcasitical
                 Bodies
                 
                 of
                 a
                 looser
                 texture
                 )
                 there
                 presently
                 ensued
                 a
                 strong
                 reaction
                 between
                 the
                 Liquid
                 and
                 the
                 Solid
                 Bodies
                 ,
                 whereby
                 was
                 produc'd
                 much
                 heat
                 ,
                 not
                 without
                 visible
                 fumes
                 ,
                 and
                 Strongly
                 Scented
                 ,
                 though
                 not
                 visible
                 ,
                 Exhalations
                 .
                 And
                 such
                 kind
                 of
                 Odorous
                 Effluvia
                 were
                 emitted
                 ,
                 upon
                 the
                 putting
                 a
                 little
                 Spirit
                 of
                 Salt
                 upon
                 our
                 Powder'd
                 Marcasites
                 .
                 And
                 because
                 Sulphur
                 is
                 a
                 mineral
                 that
                 (
                 either
                 pure
                 ,
                 or
                 copiously
                 mix'd
                 with
                 others
                 )
                 is
                 to
                 be
                 plentifully
                 met
                 with
                 in
                 the
                 Bowels
                 of
                 the
                 Earth
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 many
                 places
                 burns
                 there
                 ,
                 I
                 shall
                 add
                 ,
                 that
                 I
                 have
                 found
                 acid
                 Spirit
                 of
                 Sulphur
                 (
                 made
                 the
                 common
                 way
                 )
                 to
                 work
                 sensibly
                 upon
                 marcasitical
                 matter
                 ,
                 hard
                 enough
                 coagulated
                 .
                 An
                 experienc'd
                 German
                 Chymist
                 relates
                 ,
                 that
                 in
                 some
                 parts
                 of
                 his
                 Country
                 he
                 met
                 with
                 Vitriol
                 Stones
                 ,
                 or
                 Marcasites
                 ,
                 that
                 ,
                 by
                 the
                 action
                 of
                 mere
                 common
                 Water
                 resting
                 a
                 competent
                 time
                 upon
                 them
                 ,
                 will
                 grow
                 so
                 hot
                 as
                 to
                 enable
                 the
                 Liquor
                 to
                 retain
                 a
                 
                 sensible
                 Heat
                 ,
                 when
                 it
                 had
                 pass'd
                 a
                 pretty
                 way
                 from
                 them
                 .
                 And
                 ,
                 as
                 I
                 elsewhere
                 shew
                 ,
                 that
                 many
                 Accidents
                 may
                 occasion
                 the
                 breaking
                 out
                 of
                 Waters
                 ,
                 or
                 the
                 change
                 of
                 their
                 course
                 in
                 Subterraneal
                 Places
                 ;
                 So
                 ,
                 that
                 common
                 Water
                 may
                 produce
                 in
                 a
                 very
                 short
                 time
                 considerable
                 degrees
                 of
                 Heat
                 in
                 Mineral
                 Bodies
                 ,
                 may
                 appear
                 by
                 mixing
                 with
                 two
                 or
                 three
                 pounds
                 of
                 fine
                 Powder
                 of
                 common
                 Brimstone
                 a
                 convenient
                 quantity
                 ,
                 (
                 for
                 now
                 I
                 remember
                 not
                 well
                 how
                 much
                 I
                 took
                 )
                 of
                 filings
                 of
                 Iron
                 ,
                 for
                 this
                 mixture
                 being
                 thoroughly
                 drench'd
                 with
                 common
                 Water
                 ,
                 did
                 in
                 a
                 short
                 time
                 grow
                 intensely
                 hot
                 ,
                 and
                 send
                 up
                 such
                 a
                 thick
                 Smoke
                 as
                 good
                 quicklime
                 is
                 wont
                 to
                 doe
                 ,
                 whilst
                 men
                 Slake
                 it
                 with
                 Water
                 .
              
               
                 It
                 is
                 observable
                 to
                 our
                 present
                 purpose
                 ,
                 what
                 account
                 was
                 given
                 me
                 by
                 a
                 Domestick
                 of
                 mine
                 ,
                 that
                 liv'd
                 in
                 the
                 North
                 part
                 of
                 England
                 ,
                 of
                 a
                 certain
                 Mineral
                 Groove
                 which
                 he
                 had
                 often
                 occasion
                 to
                 resort
                 to
                 :
                 for
                 ,
                 
                 when
                 I
                 ask'd
                 whether
                 the
                 Damp
                 that
                 place
                 was
                 molested
                 with
                 ,
                 did
                 frequently
                 recurr
                 ;
                 he
                 answer'd
                 me
                 ,
                 that
                 at
                 the
                 time
                 he
                 was
                 there
                 it
                 would
                 annoy
                 the
                 workmen
                 ,
                 (
                 if
                 they
                 did
                 not
                 take
                 good
                 care
                 of
                 themselves
                 )
                 more
                 than
                 once
                 in
                 one
                 day
                 .
                 And
                 by
                 Enquiries
                 that
                 I
                 made
                 of
                 others
                 that
                 were
                 conversant
                 in
                 Mines
                 ,
                 I
                 learn'd
                 ,
                 that
                 in
                 divers
                 places
                 they
                 were
                 molested
                 with
                 Damps
                 ,
                 that
                 came
                 not
                 at
                 stated
                 Periods
                 ,
                 but
                 irregularly
                 ;
                 sometimes
                 with
                 much
                 greater
                 ,
                 and
                 sometimes
                 with
                 far
                 lesser
                 ,
                 Intervals
                 between
                 them
                 :
                 the
                 times
                 of
                 their
                 duration
                 being
                 also
                 not
                 seldom
                 unequal
                 .
                 So
                 that
                 ,
                 supposing
                 such
                 noxious
                 Effluvia
                 to
                 be
                 plentifully
                 emitted
                 from
                 the
                 lower
                 parts
                 of
                 the
                 Soil
                 ,
                 it
                 need
                 be
                 no
                 wonder
                 ,
                 that
                 an
                 Epidemical
                 Disease
                 should
                 be
                 rise
                 in
                 this
                 or
                 that
                 particular
                 Town
                 or
                 part
                 of
                 a
                 Country
                 ,
                 without
                 spreading
                 much
                 farther
                 ;
                 and
                 that
                 it
                 should
                 begin
                 suddenly
                 in
                 places
                 where
                 it
                 was
                 not
                 expected
                 :
                 for
                 ,
                 besides
                 that
                 these
                 swarms
                 of
                 Effluvia
                 ,
                 
                 being
                 produc'd
                 by
                 casual
                 concourses
                 of
                 Circumstances
                 ,
                 may
                 oftentimes
                 be
                 excited
                 ,
                 and
                 invade
                 this
                 or
                 that
                 place
                 ,
                 without
                 giving
                 the
                 Inhabitants
                 any
                 warning
                 ,
                 besides
                 this
                 ,
                 I
                 say
                 ,
                 't
                 is
                 not
                 always
                 necessary
                 that
                 these
                 noxious
                 Effluvia
                 should
                 be
                 generated
                 just
                 under
                 the
                 places
                 they
                 molest
                 ,
                 since
                 the
                 motion
                 of
                 the
                 Air
                 ,
                 especially
                 when
                 the
                 Wind
                 sits
                 favourably
                 ,
                 may
                 suffice
                 to
                 carry
                 them
                 to
                 the
                 Town
                 or
                 other
                 place
                 that
                 feels
                 their
                 ill
                 effects
                 :
                 and
                 yet
                 they
                 may
                 seem
                 to
                 be
                 almost
                 confin'd
                 to
                 those
                 places
                 ;
                 sometimes
                 because
                 the
                 neighbouring
                 places
                 are
                 not
                 inhabited
                 enough
                 to
                 make
                 their
                 ill
                 qualities
                 taken
                 notice
                 of
                 ;
                 but
                 more
                 frequently
                 because
                 ,
                 by
                 being
                 diffus'd
                 thorough
                 a
                 greater
                 tract
                 of
                 Air
                 ,
                 they
                 are
                 more
                 and
                 more
                 disperst
                 in
                 their
                 passage
                 ,
                 and
                 thereby
                 so
                 diluted
                 (
                 if
                 I
                 may
                 so
                 speak
                 )
                 and
                 weakn'd
                 ,
                 as
                 not
                 to
                 be
                 able
                 to
                 doe
                 any
                 notorious
                 mischief
                 .
              
               
                 And
                 here
                 I
                 Consider
                 too
                 ,
                 that
                 't
                 is
                 not
                 always
                 necessary
                 that
                 the
                 harm
                 that
                 is
                 done
                 by
                 these
                 morbid
                 
                 Constitutions
                 of
                 the
                 Air
                 ,
                 should
                 proceed
                 onely
                 or
                 precisely
                 from
                 these
                 Subterraneal
                 Exhalations
                 we
                 are
                 speaking
                 of
                 ,
                 by
                 virtue
                 onely
                 of
                 their
                 own
                 qualities
                 ,
                 which
                 they
                 bring
                 with
                 them
                 from
                 under
                 ground
                 .
                 For
                 't
                 is
                 very
                 possible
                 ,
                 that
                 these
                 Effluvia
                 may
                 be
                 in
                 their
                 own
                 nature
                 either
                 innocent
                 enough
                 ,
                 or
                 at
                 least
                 not
                 considerably
                 hurtfull
                 ,
                 and
                 yet
                 may
                 become
                 very
                 noxious
                 ,
                 if
                 they
                 chance
                 to
                 find
                 the
                 Air
                 already
                 imbu'd
                 with
                 certain
                 Corpuscles
                 fit
                 to
                 associate
                 with
                 them
                 :
                 for
                 ,
                 though
                 these
                 sorts
                 of
                 Particles
                 were
                 perhaps
                 neither
                 of
                 them
                 a-part
                 considerably
                 hurtfull
                 ,
                 yet
                 there
                 may
                 from
                 their
                 Combinations
                 result
                 Corpuscles
                 ,
                 of
                 a
                 new
                 and
                 very
                 morbifick
                 nature
                 .
              
               
                 This
                 may
                 be
                 somewhat
                 illustrated
                 by
                 considering
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 spirituous
                 steams
                 of
                 Salt-peter
                 are
                 not
                 wont
                 sensibly
                 to
                 work
                 on
                 Gold
                 ,
                 nor
                 yet
                 the
                 spirituous
                 Parts
                 that
                 the
                 Fire
                 raises
                 from
                 Sal-armoniac
                 ;
                 and
                 yet
                 when
                 these
                 two
                 sorts
                 of
                 Particles
                 convene
                 ,
                 there
                 results
                 from
                 their
                 Coalitions
                 
                 certain
                 Corpuscles
                 of
                 a
                 new
                 nature
                 ,
                 that
                 compose
                 the
                 Liquor
                 Chymists
                 call
                 
                   Aqua
                   Regis
                
                 ;
                 which
                 by
                 its
                 fretting
                 quality
                 corrodes
                 and
                 dissolves
                 Gold.
                 By
                 Analogy
                 to
                 this
                 we
                 may
                 conceive
                 ,
                 that
                 sometimes
                 the
                 Subterraneal
                 Effluvia
                 may
                 find
                 the
                 Air
                 already
                 impregnated
                 with
                 such
                 Corpuscles
                 ,
                 that
                 by
                 associating
                 themselves
                 therewith
                 they
                 may
                 compose
                 Corpuscles
                 far
                 more
                 capable
                 ,
                 than
                 themselves
                 were
                 whilst
                 apart
                 ,
                 of
                 having
                 ill
                 Effects
                 upon
                 the
                 Mass
                 of
                 Bloud
                 ,
                 or
                 some
                 determinate
                 Parts
                 of
                 Humane
                 Bodies
                 ,
                 and
                 consequently
                 of
                 produceing
                 Diseases
                 there
                 .
              
               
                 And
                 this
                 Instance
                 may
                 appear
                 the
                 more
                 apposite
                 ;
                 because
                 it
                 may
                 be
                 said
                 ,
                 that
                 as
                 ,
                 though
                 Silver
                 and
                 Gold
                 ,
                 and
                 Diamonds
                 and
                 Rubies
                 ,
                 &c.
                 be
                 put
                 together
                 ,
                 and
                 
                   Aqua
                   Regis
                
                 be
                 pour'd
                 upon
                 them
                 ,
                 it
                 will
                 leave
                 all
                 the
                 rest
                 uncorroded
                 ,
                 and
                 fall
                 onely
                 upon
                 the
                 Gold
                 ;
                 so
                 the
                 newly
                 produc'd
                 Corpuscles
                 that
                 I
                 have
                 been
                 speaking
                 of
                 ,
                 whether
                 breathed
                 in
                 with
                 the
                 Air
                 in
                 Respiration
                 ,
                 
                 or
                 carried
                 up
                 and
                 down
                 by
                 the
                 Bloud
                 ,
                 or
                 other
                 Liquors
                 of
                 the
                 Body
                 ,
                 may
                 pass
                 by
                 other
                 parts
                 of
                 it
                 without
                 doing
                 them
                 any
                 sensible
                 harm
                 ,
                 and
                 attacking
                 this
                 or
                 that
                 determinate
                 part
                 ,
                 produce
                 there
                 some
                 Disease
                 such
                 as
                 the
                 fabrick
                 and
                 situation
                 of
                 that
                 part
                 peculiarly
                 dispose
                 it
                 to
                 be
                 affected
                 with
                 .
              
               
                 And
                 I
                 shall
                 add
                 on
                 this
                 occasion
                 ,
                 that
                 in
                 our
                 Hypothesis
                 we
                 may
                 render
                 a
                 probable
                 reason
                 ,
                 why
                 in
                 some
                 Epidemical
                 Diseases
                 ,
                 some
                 persons
                 may
                 escape
                 much
                 better
                 than
                 other
                 ,
                 that
                 seem
                 likely
                 to
                 be
                 ,
                 at
                 best
                 ,
                 as
                 obnoxious
                 to
                 them
                 ,
                 without
                 a
                 recourse
                 to
                 the
                 peculiar
                 Constitutions
                 of
                 the
                 Bodies
                 of
                 differing
                 Persons
                 ;
                 for
                 it
                 may
                 be
                 conjectur'd
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 noxious
                 Corpuscles
                 that
                 infest
                 the
                 Air
                 ,
                 may
                 (
                 especially
                 in
                 windy
                 weather
                 )
                 be
                 very
                 unequally
                 disperc'd
                 through
                 the
                 Air
                 ,
                 and
                 many
                 fly
                 in
                 far
                 greater
                 or
                 lesser
                 numbers
                 within
                 equal
                 spaces
                 of
                 Air
                 ;
                 and
                 consequently
                 the
                 Persons
                 ,
                 that
                 have
                 the
                 ill
                 luck
                 to
                 be
                 in
                 the
                 way
                 of
                 the
                 more
                 
                 numerous
                 swarms
                 of
                 morbifick
                 Corpuscles
                 ,
                 may
                 be
                 much
                 more
                 prejudiced
                 by
                 them
                 than
                 others
                 ,
                 though
                 of
                 weaker
                 constitutions
                 ,
                 who
                 happen
                 to
                 be
                 attaqu'd
                 but
                 by
                 few
                 of
                 them
                 .
              
               
                 On
                 which
                 occasion
                 ,
                 I
                 remember
                 ,
                 that
                 a
                 great
                 many
                 Trees
                 in
                 some
                 Land
                 that
                 belongs
                 to
                 me
                 ,
                 having
                 been
                 suddenly
                 much
                 endamag'd
                 by
                 a
                 wind
                 ,
                 that
                 was
                 not
                 able
                 to
                 doe
                 it
                 by
                 it's
                 bare
                 strength
                 ;
                 I
                 had
                 the
                 curiosity
                 to
                 view
                 somewhat
                 heedfully
                 a
                 Tree
                 that
                 stood
                 in
                 the
                 Garden
                 ,
                 and
                 perceiv'd
                 that
                 all
                 the
                 considerable
                 mischief
                 was
                 done
                 to
                 that
                 side
                 of
                 the
                 Tree
                 ,
                 which
                 respected
                 the
                 corner
                 whence
                 the
                 hurtfull
                 Wind
                 blew
                 ,
                 the
                 Leaves
                 of
                 the
                 other
                 side
                 continuing
                 fresh
                 and
                 verdant
                 ,
                 as
                 being
                 by
                 the
                 other
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 same
                 Tree
                 fenc'd
                 from
                 the
                 Wind
                 :
                 and
                 it
                 was
                 farther
                 observ'd
                 ,
                 that
                 even
                 the
                 expos'd
                 side
                 of
                 the
                 Tree
                 was
                 not
                 every-where
                 endamag'd
                 ;
                 for
                 there
                 were
                 divers
                 parts
                 ,
                 where
                 the
                 Leaves
                 continued
                 sound
                 and
                 green
                 ,
                 though
                 neighbouring
                 Leaves
                 were
                 some
                 more
                 ,
                 some
                 
                 less
                 (
                 for
                 all
                 that
                 were
                 prejudic'd
                 were
                 not
                 totally
                 )
                 blasted
                 :
                 the
                 sound
                 Leaves
                 and
                 the
                 discolour'd
                 being
                 so
                 odly
                 mingled
                 ,
                 that
                 I
                 conjectur'd
                 the
                 cause
                 of
                 the
                 mischief
                 to
                 have
                 been
                 this
                 ;
                 that
                 some
                 Arsenical
                 or
                 other
                 corrosive
                 or
                 poisonous
                 Exhalations
                 ,
                 being
                 suddenly
                 emitted
                 from
                 the
                 Subterraneal
                 parts
                 into
                 the
                 Air
                 ,
                 were
                 by
                 the
                 Wind
                 they
                 chance
                 to
                 meet
                 with
                 there
                 ,
                 hurry'd
                 along
                 with
                 it
                 ,
                 and
                 blown
                 against
                 the
                 Bodies
                 that
                 stood
                 in
                 it's
                 way
                 ,
                 moving
                 in
                 the
                 Air
                 ,
                 like
                 Hail-shot
                 discharg'd
                 out
                 of
                 a
                 Gun
                 ,
                 here
                 in
                 a
                 closer
                 ,
                 and
                 there
                 in
                 a
                 more
                 scattering
                 order
                 ,
                 so
                 that
                 as
                 more
                 or
                 fewer
                 of
                 them
                 happend
                 to
                 fall
                 upon
                 the
                 same
                 Branch
                 or
                 Leafe
                 ,
                 they
                 left
                 more
                 ,
                 or
                 less
                 marks
                 of
                 their
                 passage
                 ,
                 by
                 destroying
                 the
                 texture
                 and
                 colour
                 in
                 the
                 Leaves
                 or
                 parts
                 of
                 them
                 they
                 chanc'd
                 to
                 beat
                 upon
                 .
                 And
                 this
                 may
                 possibly
                 be
                 the
                 cause
                 of
                 some
                 of
                 those
                 sudden
                 and
                 sometimes
                 fatal
                 Effects
                 ,
                 that
                 I
                 have
                 known
                 in
                 some
                 places
                 the
                 people
                 talk
                 much
                 of
                 ,
                 complaining
                 ,
                 that
                 such
                 a
                 one
                 had
                 his
                 
                 Eyes
                 ,
                 or
                 his
                 Face
                 ,
                 or
                 onely
                 one
                 side
                 of
                 it
                 blasted
                 ,
                 by
                 a
                 malignant
                 Wind
                 ,
                 of
                 which
                 I
                 thought
                 I
                 saw
                 an
                 Example
                 in
                 a
                 Domestick
                 of
                 my
                 own
                 ,
                 whilst
                 in
                 such
                 a
                 Wind
                 he
                 was
                 riding
                 after
                 me
                 ,
                 who
                 (
                 thanks
                 be
                 to
                 God
                 )
                 had
                 no
                 such
                 mischief
                 done
                 me
                 .
              
               
                 But
                 the
                 Vulgar
                 have
                 entertain'd
                 such
                 strange
                 Conceits
                 and
                 Stories
                 about
                 these
                 Blastings
                 ,
                 on
                 which
                 account
                 some
                 of
                 them
                 say
                 that
                 Men
                 are
                 Planet-struck
                 that
                 the
                 fabulous
                 things
                 mingled
                 with
                 those
                 that
                 are
                 possible
                 ,
                 have
                 made
                 intelligent
                 Persons
                 reject
                 them
                 all
                 .
              
               
                 One
                 thing
                 more
                 I
                 shall
                 take
                 notice
                 of
                 in
                 favour
                 of
                 our
                 Hypothesis
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 ,
                 that
                 it
                 well
                 agrees
                 with
                 what
                 has
                 been
                 observed
                 ,
                 not
                 without
                 some
                 wonder
                 ,
                 of
                 the
                 very
                 short
                 duration
                 of
                 some
                 Epidemical
                 Diseases
                 ,
                 in
                 certain
                 Times
                 and
                 Places
                 .
                 For
                 this
                 may
                 proceed
                 from
                 hence
                 ,
                 either
                 that
                 all
                 the
                 Morbifick
                 Expirations
                 ascended
                 into
                 the
                 Air
                 almost
                 at
                 once
                 ,
                 or
                 at
                 least
                 within
                 a
                 short
                 time
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 were
                 easily
                 spent
                 ,
                 that
                 is
                 by
                 diffusion
                 or
                 
                 dispersion
                 so
                 weakned
                 ,
                 as
                 to
                 be
                 disabled
                 from
                 doing
                 much
                 mischief
                 :
                 or
                 else
                 the
                 Subterraneal
                 Commotion
                 that
                 produc'd
                 them
                 may
                 pass
                 on
                 from
                 one
                 place
                 to
                 another
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 cease
                 to
                 afford
                 the
                 Air
                 incumbent
                 on
                 the
                 first
                 place
                 ,
                 the
                 supplies
                 necessary
                 to
                 keep
                 it
                 impregnated
                 with
                 noxious
                 Exhalations
                 .
                 And
                 it
                 agrees
                 well
                 with
                 this
                 Conjecture
                 ,
                 that
                 sometimes
                 we
                 may
                 observe
                 certain
                 Epidemical
                 Diseases
                 to
                 have
                 as
                 it
                 were
                 a
                 progressive
                 Motion
                 ,
                 and
                 leaving
                 one
                 Town
                 free
                 pass
                 on
                 to
                 another
                 .
                 Of
                 which
                 some
                 Observations
                 that
                 I
                 have
                 made
                 ,
                 encline
                 me
                 to
                 think
                 ,
                 that
                 if
                 Physicians
                 would
                 heedfully
                 mind
                 it
                 ,
                 they
                 might
                 take
                 notice
                 of
                 several
                 Instances
                 .
              
               
                 One
                 thing
                 more
                 may
                 be
                 added
                 ,
                 as
                 consonant
                 to
                 our
                 Hypothesis
                 ;
                 namely
                 ,
                 that
                 sometimes
                 an
                 Epidemical
                 Disease
                 ceases
                 in
                 this
                 or
                 that
                 place
                 ,
                 almost
                 as
                 sudden
                 as
                 it
                 invaded
                 ,
                 or
                 at
                 least
                 in
                 a
                 much
                 shorter
                 time
                 than
                 Physicians
                 expected
                 .
                 For
                 according
                 to
                 our
                 Hypothesis
                 it
                 may
                 well
                 happen
                 ,
                 
                 that
                 after
                 one
                 sort
                 of
                 Exhalations
                 ,
                 whose
                 peculiar
                 Qualities
                 make
                 them
                 Morbifick
                 ,
                 have
                 deprav'd
                 the
                 Air
                 incumbent
                 on
                 a
                 particular
                 place
                 ;
                 there
                 may
                 by
                 a
                 new
                 or
                 farther
                 Commotion
                 of
                 Subterraneal
                 Bodies
                 ,
                 be
                 sent
                 up
                 into
                 the
                 Air
                 store
                 of
                 Expirations
                 of
                 another
                 kind
                 ,
                 which
                 meeting
                 with
                 those
                 that
                 formerly
                 impregnated
                 it
                 ,
                 may
                 either
                 precipitate
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 free
                 the
                 Air
                 from
                 them
                 ;
                 or
                 by
                 other
                 operations
                 on
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 sometimes
                 even
                 by
                 Coalitions
                 with
                 them
                 ,
                 so
                 alter
                 their
                 nature
                 as
                 to
                 disable
                 them
                 from
                 doing
                 any
                 farther
                 mischief
                 .
              
               
                 This
                 I
                 shall
                 illustrate
                 ,
                 if
                 not
                 confirm
                 ,
                 by
                 that
                 very
                 remarkable
                 Phaenomenon
                 that
                 is
                 yearly
                 observ'd
                 at
                 
                   Grand
                   Cairo
                
                 in
                 Aegypt
                 ;
                 for
                 ,
                 (
                 though
                 I
                 know
                 not
                 whether
                 or
                 no
                 the
                 Corpuscles
                 that
                 produce
                 it
                 arise
                 from
                 under
                 Ground
                 ,
                 the
                 affirmative
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 Question
                 being
                 not
                 improbable
                 )
                 it
                 appears
                 ,
                 that
                 by
                 the
                 intermixture
                 of
                 adventitious
                 Corpuscles
                 ,
                 with
                 the
                 formerly
                 Pestilential
                 Air
                 ,
                 't
                 is
                 so
                 alter'd
                 and
                 
                 corrected
                 ,
                 that
                 within
                 one
                 day
                 or
                 two
                 ,
                 if
                 not
                 within
                 a
                 lesser
                 compass
                 of
                 time
                 ,
                 there
                 is
                 a
                 stop
                 put
                 to
                 the
                 progress
                 of
                 the
                 Plagues
                 ;
                 that
                 in
                 that
                 favourable
                 time
                 of
                 year
                 ,
                 namely
                 about
                 the
                 middle
                 of
                 Summer
                 ,
                 scarce
                 ever
                 misses
                 of
                 raging
                 in
                 that
                 populous
                 City
                 :
                 and
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 more
                 admirable
                 ,
                 these
                 sanative
                 Corpuscles
                 (
                 if
                 I
                 may
                 so
                 call
                 them
                 )
                 operate
                 so
                 powerfully
                 ,
                 that
                 of
                 those
                 that
                 are
                 already
                 seiz'd
                 by
                 that
                 fatallest
                 of
                 Diseases
                 ,
                 the
                 Plague
                 ,
                 few
                 or
                 none
                 die
                 of
                 it
                 ,
                 after
                 once
                 these
                 Antidotal
                 Particles
                 have
                 sufficiently
                 impregnated
                 the
                 Air.
                 I
                 confess
                 so
                 great
                 and
                 sudden
                 a
                 change
                 is
                 very
                 wonderfull
                 ,
                 and
                 I
                 should
                 scarce
                 think
                 it
                 credible
                 ,
                 if
                 I
                 had
                 not
                 had
                 the
                 means
                 and
                 curiosity
                 to
                 enquire
                 about
                 it
                 of
                 divers
                 persons
                 ,
                 some
                 of
                 them
                 very
                 intelligent
                 ,
                 that
                 either
                 curiously
                 visited
                 ,
                 or
                 also
                 made
                 some
                 considerable
                 stay
                 in
                 ,
                 that
                 great
                 City
                 ;
                 and
                 found
                 them
                 agree
                 in
                 the
                 main
                 about
                 the
                 truth
                 of
                 the
                 matter
                 of
                 fact
                 ;
                 which
                 is
                 much
                 confirm'd
                 to
                 me
                 by
                 so
                 eminent
                 a
                 Testimony
                 as
                 that
                 of
                 the
                 
                 learned
                 
                   Prosper
                   Alpinus
                
                 ,
                 who
                 for
                 several
                 years
                 practis'd
                 Physick
                 in
                 
                   Grand
                   Cairo
                
                 ,
                 and
                 as
                 an
                 Eye-witness
                 delivers
                 what
                 he
                 relates
                 more
                 authentically
                 ,
                 as
                 well
                 as
                 more
                 particularly
                 ,
                 than
                 any
                 I
                 have
                 met
                 with
                 .
                 And
                 ,
                 though
                 he
                 endeavours
                 to
                 give
                 several
                 reasons
                 of
                 this
                 strange
                 and
                 sudden
                 cessation
                 of
                 the
                 malignity
                 of
                 the
                 Plague
                 ,
                 yet
                 I
                 doubt
                 they
                 are
                 not
                 sufficient
                 for
                 so
                 wonderfull
                 an
                 effect
                 ;
                 unless
                 we
                 take
                 in
                 some
                 new
                 Exhalations
                 ,
                 that
                 then
                 impregnate
                 and
                 correct
                 the
                 Air.
                 
              
               
                 And
                 we
                 shall
                 scarce
                 doubt
                 of
                 the
                 great
                 interest
                 these
                 have
                 in
                 the
                 effect
                 produc'd
                 ,
                 if
                 we
                 give
                 credit
                 to
                 what
                 the
                 recentest
                 Writer
                 I
                 have
                 met
                 with
                 of
                 Voyages
                 into
                 Egypt
                 ,
                 has
                 lately
                 publish'd
                 about
                 the
                 annual
                 Pestilence
                 at
                 
                   Grand
                   Cairo
                
                 ,
                 a
                 City
                 he
                 much
                 frequented
                 .
                 This
                 Authour
                 ,
                 in
                 the
                 account
                 he
                 gives
                 of
                 the
                 present
                 state
                 of
                 Egypt
                 ,
                 relates
                 that
                 a
                 little
                 after
                 the
                 middle
                 of
                 our
                 June
                 (
                 and
                 usually
                 upon
                 the
                 very
                 seventeenth
                 day
                 )
                 there
                 begin
                 to
                 fall
                 towards
                 the
                 last
                 quarter
                 of
                 the
                 night
                 ,
                 
                 near
                 the
                 morning
                 ,
                 certain
                 drops
                 of
                 a
                 kind
                 of
                 Dew
                 ,
                 which
                 causes
                 the
                 River
                 to
                 be
                 fruitfull
                 ,
                 and
                 purifies
                 the
                 Air
                 from
                 all
                 the
                 Infection
                 of
                 Camsims
                 ,
                 by
                 which
                 I
                 presume
                 he
                 means
                 the
                 Pestilence
                 :
                 for
                 after
                 some
                 lines
                 interpos'd
                 he
                 subjoins
                 ,
                 
                   The
                   Drops
                   or
                   Dew
                   purifies
                   the
                   Air
                   ,
                   for
                   as
                   soon
                   as
                   it
                   falls
                   the
                   Plague
                   ceases
                   to
                   be
                   mortal
                   ,
                   none
                   dies
                   of
                   it
                   ;
                   the
                   Air
                   is
                   wholesome
                   ,
                   all
                   Distempers
                   cease
                   ,
                   and
                   if
                   any
                   person
                   grows
                   sick
                   ,
                   he
                   never
                   dies
                   .
                
              
               
                 And
                 then
                 ,
                 he
                 adds
                 ,
                 
                   This
                   Dew
                   gives
                   life
                   to
                   every
                   thing
                   ;
                   and
                   when
                   it
                   falls
                   upon
                   the
                   Wheat
                   ,
                   it
                   causeth
                   it
                   to
                   continue
                   many
                   years
                   without
                   corruption
                   or
                   Worms
                   ,
                   and
                   is
                   far
                   more
                   nourishing
                   than
                   that
                   Corn
                   on
                   which
                   it
                   never
                   falls
                   .
                   For
                   this
                   cause
                   they
                   never
                   house
                   the
                   Corn
                   of
                   the
                   Grand
                   Seignior
                   in
                   the
                   Barns
                   ,
                   till
                   this
                   Dew
                   is
                   fallen
                   upon
                   it
                   ,
                   that
                   it
                   might
                   keep
                   the
                   longer
                   without
                   Worms
                   .
                
              
               
                 As
                 well
                 this
                 Conjecture
                 ,
                 as
                 some
                 other
                 things
                 deliver'd
                 here
                 and
                 there
                 in
                 this
                 Paper
                 (
                 about
                 the
                 
                   Salubrity
                   of
                   the
                   Air
                
                 ,
                 )
                 may
                 probably
                 gain
                 the
                 
                 more
                 credit
                 ,
                 if
                 I
                 here
                 subjoin
                 what
                 I
                 learn'd
                 by
                 inquiry
                 from
                 a
                 very
                 ingenious
                 Gentleman
                 ,
                 who
                 was
                 owner
                 of
                 one
                 or
                 more
                 of
                 the
                 Mines
                 ,
                 that
                 afford
                 the
                 Phaenomenon
                 I
                 am
                 to
                 mention
                 .
                 Which
                 is
                 this
                 ,
                 That
                 in
                 the
                 Tin-mine
                 Countreys
                 in
                 Devonshire
                 ,
                 it
                 sometimes
                 happens
                 ,
                 (
                 as
                 perhaps
                 I
                 may
                 have
                 elsewhere
                 noted
                 to
                 another
                 purpose
                 ,
                 )
                 that
                 upon
                 a
                 sudden
                 ,
                 a
                 Spot
                 of
                 ground
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 not
                 always
                 narrow
                 ,
                 will
                 be
                 as
                 't
                 were
                 blasted
                 by
                 the
                 ascending
                 hurtfull
                 Fumes
                 ;
                 insomuch
                 that
                 not
                 onely
                 the
                 Grass
                 ,
                 Fern
                 and
                 other
                 more
                 tender
                 Vegetables
                 ,
                 will
                 be
                 turned
                 black
                 ,
                 and
                 as
                 it
                 were
                 burnt
                 or
                 scorched
                 up
                 ;
                 but
                 now
                 and
                 then
                 Trees
                 also
                 ,
                 without
                 excepting
                 Oaks
                 themselves
                 will
                 be
                 blasted
                 and
                 spoil'd
                 by
                 the
                 powerfull
                 Operation
                 of
                 these
                 subtil
                 and
                 poisonous
                 Effluvia
                 .
              
               
                 It
                 will
                 probably
                 be
                 here
                 expected
                 ,
                 that
                 among
                 the
                 Epidemical
                 Diseases
                 that
                 our
                 Hypothesis
                 derives
                 from
                 Subterraneal
                 Effluvia
                 ,
                 I
                 should
                 particularly
                 treat
                 of
                 the
                 cause
                 of
                 Pestilential
                 
                 Fevers
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Plague
                 it self
                 .
                 But
                 ,
                 though
                 some
                 such
                 Fevers
                 may
                 not
                 improbably
                 be
                 in
                 great
                 part
                 imputed
                 to
                 the
                 noxious
                 Expirations
                 of
                 the
                 Globe
                 we
                 inhabit
                 ;
                 yet
                 ,
                 as
                 to
                 the
                 true
                 Plague
                 it self
                 ,
                 I
                 freely
                 confess
                 I
                 am
                 at
                 a
                 loss
                 about
                 it's
                 Origine
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 sacred
                 Writings
                 expresly
                 teach
                 ,
                 that
                 some
                 Plagues
                 ,
                 and
                 particularly
                 that
                 which
                 in
                 
                 David's
                 time
                 swept
                 away
                 in
                 three
                 days
                 70000
                 Persons
                 ,
                 have
                 been
                 in
                 an
                 extraordinary
                 manner
                 inflicted
                 by
                 God.
                 And
                 to
                 me
                 it
                 appears
                 either
                 scarce
                 possible
                 ,
                 or
                 far
                 more
                 difficult
                 than
                 those
                 that
                 have
                 not
                 attentively
                 enough
                 considered
                 the
                 matter
                 ,
                 are
                 wont
                 to
                 think
                 it
                 ;
                 To
                 deduce
                 the
                 abstruce
                 Origine
                 ,
                 strange
                 Symtomes
                 ,
                 and
                 other
                 odd
                 Phaenomena
                 of
                 some
                 Plagues
                 that
                 are
                 recorded
                 in
                 History
                 ,
                 from
                 merely
                 Corporeal
                 Causes
                 .
              
               
                 On
                 the
                 other
                 side
                 ,
                 it
                 seems
                 unphilosophical
                 ,
                 and
                 perhaps
                 rather
                 seems
                 than
                 is
                 very
                 pious
                 ,
                 to
                 recur
                 without
                 an
                 absolute
                 necessity
                 to
                 Supernatural
                 
                 Causes
                 ,
                 for
                 such
                 Effects
                 as
                 do
                 not
                 manifestly
                 exceed
                 the
                 power
                 of
                 Natural
                 ones
                 :
                 though
                 the
                 particular
                 manner
                 of
                 their
                 being
                 produc'd
                 ,
                 is
                 perchance
                 more
                 than
                 we
                 are
                 yet
                 able
                 clearly
                 to
                 explicate
                 .
                 And
                 I
                 think
                 it
                 the
                 more
                 questionable
                 ,
                 whether
                 all
                 Plagues
                 are
                 Supernatural
                 Exertions
                 of
                 God's
                 Power
                 and
                 Wrath
                 against
                 the
                 Wicked
                 ,
                 because
                 I
                 observe
                 that
                 Brutes
                 (
                 which
                 are
                 as
                 well
                 uncapable
                 of
                 moral
                 Vice
                 ,
                 as
                 moral
                 Vertue
                 )
                 are
                 yet
                 oftentimes
                 subject
                 to
                 Murrains
                 ,
                 such
                 as
                 may
                 without
                 incongruity
                 be
                 lookt
                 upon
                 as
                 the
                 
                   Pestilences
                   of
                   Beasts
                
                 .
                 And
                 't
                 is
                 the
                 less
                 likely
                 ,
                 that
                 these
                 sweeping
                 and
                 contagious
                 Maladies
                 should
                 be
                 always
                 sent
                 for
                 the
                 punishment
                 of
                 impious
                 men
                 ,
                 because
                 I
                 remember
                 to
                 have
                 read
                 in
                 good
                 Authours
                 ,
                 that
                 ,
                 as
                 some
                 Plagues
                 destroy'd
                 both
                 Men
                 and
                 Beasts
                 ,
                 so
                 some
                 other
                 did
                 peculiarly
                 destroy
                 Brute
                 Animals
                 ,
                 of
                 very
                 little
                 consideration
                 or
                 use
                 to
                 Men
                 ,
                 as
                 Cats
                 ,
                 &c.
                 
              
               
               
                 Upon
                 these
                 and
                 the
                 like
                 Reasons
                 I
                 have
                 sometimes
                 suspected
                 ,
                 that
                 in
                 the
                 Controversie
                 about
                 the
                 Origine
                 of
                 the
                 Plague
                 ,
                 namely
                 ,
                 Whether
                 ,
                 it
                 be
                 Natural
                 ,
                 or
                 Supernatural
                 ;
                 neither
                 of
                 the
                 contending
                 Parties
                 is
                 altogether
                 in
                 the
                 right
                 :
                 since
                 't
                 is
                 very
                 possible
                 ,
                 that
                 some
                 Pestilences
                 may
                 not
                 break
                 forth
                 ,
                 without
                 an
                 extraordinary
                 ,
                 though
                 perhaps
                 not
                 Immediate
                 ,
                 interposition
                 of
                 Almighty
                 God
                 ,
                 provok'd
                 by
                 the
                 Sins
                 of
                 Men
                 :
                 and
                 yet
                 other
                 Plagues
                 may
                 be
                 produc'd
                 by
                 a
                 Tragical
                 concourse
                 of
                 merely
                 Natural
                 Causes
                 .
              
               
                 But
                 though
                 the
                 difficulties
                 that
                 incumber
                 each
                 of
                 the
                 opposite
                 Opinions
                 ,
                 keep
                 me
                 both
                 from
                 Dogmatically
                 asserting
                 ,
                 that
                 All
                 Plagues
                 have
                 a
                 Supernatural
                 Origine
                 ;
                 and
                 from
                 denying
                 that
                 Any
                 have
                 it
                 :
                 yet
                 ,
                 to
                 say
                 something
                 on
                 such
                 an
                 occasion
                 ,
                 though
                 I
                 can
                 speak
                 but
                 very
                 hesitantly
                 ,
                 I
                 shall
                 venture
                 to
                 add
                 ,
                 that
                 ,
                 whether
                 or
                 no
                 the
                 true
                 Plague
                 be
                 said
                 to
                 descend
                 to
                 the
                 Earth
                 from
                 a
                 higher
                 Sphere
                 than
                 that
                 
                 of
                 Nature
                 ;
                 yet
                 its
                 Propagation
                 and
                 Effects
                 are
                 (
                 at
                 least
                 for
                 the
                 most
                 part
                 )
                 carry'd
                 on
                 mainly
                 by
                 a
                 malignant
                 disposition
                 in
                 the
                 Air
                 ;
                 without
                 which
                 some
                 Plagues
                 could
                 never
                 have
                 been
                 so
                 catching
                 as
                 they
                 were
                 ,
                 nor
                 so
                 suddenly
                 mortal
                 ;
                 and
                 that
                 in
                 divers
                 Pestilences
                 this
                 malignant
                 Disposition
                 in
                 the
                 Air
                 ,
                 may
                 probably
                 be
                 in
                 great
                 part
                 imputed
                 to
                 some
                 kinds
                 of
                 Subterraneal
                 Expirations
                 ,
                 I
                 am
                 prone
                 to
                 think
                 ;
                 and
                 that
                 chiefly
                 upon
                 two
                 Accounts
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 first
                 thing
                 that
                 induces
                 me
                 to
                 this
                 Conjecture
                 ,
                 is
                 ,
                 that
                 not
                 any
                 of
                 the
                 several
                 Causes
                 to
                 which
                 the
                 Plague
                 is
                 wont
                 to
                 be
                 imputed
                 seems
                 to
                 me
                 to
                 be
                 sufficient
                 .
                 Those
                 that
                 fetch
                 it
                 from
                 the
                 malevolent
                 aspects
                 and
                 influence
                 of
                 the
                 Celestial
                 lights
                 ,
                 besides
                 that
                 they
                 suppose
                 some
                 things
                 very
                 difficult
                 to
                 be
                 prov'd
                 ,
                 have
                 recourse
                 to
                 Agents
                 too
                 remote
                 ,
                 too
                 general
                 ,
                 and
                 too
                 indeterminate
                 ,
                 to
                 be
                 acquiesc'd
                 in
                 as
                 the
                 Causes
                 of
                 such
                 particular
                 Symtomes
                 and
                 Phaenomena
                 ,
                 as
                 oftentimes
                 accompany
                 Pestilences
                 .
                 
                 And
                 as
                 for
                 those
                 other
                 Sects
                 of
                 Physicians
                 that
                 confidently
                 derive
                 the
                 Plague
                 ,
                 some
                 from
                 Internal
                 Putrefaction
                 ,
                 and
                 others
                 from
                 excessive
                 Heats
                 ,
                 noisome
                 Stinks
                 ,
                 Corrupt
                 aliments
                 ,
                 and
                 such
                 other
                 Celebrated
                 Causes
                 ;
                 though
                 each
                 party
                 alledges
                 plausible
                 Reasons
                 for
                 its
                 own
                 opinion
                 ,
                 yet
                 their
                 objections
                 against
                 their
                 adversaries
                 are
                 much
                 stronger
                 than
                 their
                 arguments
                 are
                 for
                 themselves
                 .
                 And
                 the
                 Learned
                 Diemer-broeck
                 ,
                 though
                 his
                 own
                 Hypothesis
                 seem
                 to
                 be
                 more
                 Theological
                 than
                 Philosophical
                 ,
                 has
                 much
                 enervated
                 the
                 Arguments
                 brought
                 for
                 the
                 several
                 opinions
                 lately
                 nam'd
                 ,
                 and
                 by
                 him
                 dissented
                 from
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Reasons
                 he
                 employs
                 to
                 refute
                 all
                 the
                 receiv'd
                 opinions
                 about
                 the
                 Origine
                 of
                 the
                 Plague
                 ,
                 except
                 his
                 own
                 ,
                 are
                 divers
                 of
                 them
                 worthy
                 of
                 so
                 learned
                 a
                 man
                 ;
                 to
                 whom
                 ,
                 though
                 I
                 had
                 leisure
                 to
                 transcribe
                 them
                 ,
                 I
                 should
                 refer
                 the
                 Curious
                 :
                 my
                 present
                 design
                 being
                 onely
                 to
                 deliver
                 some
                 few
                 things
                 that
                 seem
                 more
                 favourable
                 
                 to
                 my
                 Conjectures
                 ,
                 than
                 to
                 his
                 Opinion
                 ,
                 and
                 were
                 suggested
                 to
                 me
                 ,
                 partly
                 by
                 my
                 own
                 Thoughts
                 ,
                 and
                 partly
                 by
                 the
                 informations
                 ,
                 that
                 ,
                 to
                 examine
                 those
                 Thoughts
                 ,
                 I
                 procur'd
                 by
                 consulting
                 some
                 uncommon
                 Authours
                 ,
                 and
                 asking
                 Questions
                 of
                 great
                 Travellers
                 and
                 Navigatours
                 .
                 By
                 this
                 means
                 I
                 came
                 to
                 learn
                 ,
                 that
                 divers
                 great
                 Countries
                 are
                 usually
                 free
                 from
                 the
                 Plague
                 ,
                 that
                 according
                 to
                 the
                 vulgar
                 Hypotheses
                 ,
                 ought
                 to
                 be
                 as
                 much
                 subject
                 to
                 it
                 ,
                 if
                 not
                 more
                 ,
                 than
                 
                   England
                   ,
                   France
                   ,
                   Italy
                
                 ,
                 and
                 those
                 other
                 parts
                 of
                 Europe
                 and
                 Asia
                 ,
                 where
                 that
                 fatal
                 Disease
                 rages
                 from
                 time
                 to
                 time
                 in
                 the
                 parched
                 Regions
                 of
                 Africk
                 ,
                 to
                 which
                 the
                 Excessive
                 Heats
                 would
                 make
                 one
                 expect
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 Plagues
                 should
                 make
                 far
                 more
                 frequent
                 visits
                 than
                 to
                 our
                 temperate
                 European
                 Countries
                 ;
                 
                   Leo
                   Africanus
                
                 informs
                 us
                 ,
                 that
                 some
                 parts
                 are
                 so
                 seldom
                 afflicted
                 with
                 that
                 dreadfull
                 Disease
                 ,
                 that
                 it
                 usually
                 spares
                 the
                 Inhabitants
                 29
                 ,
                 or
                 30
                 years
                 together
                 .
                 And
                 he
                 expresly
                 records
                 ,
                 that
                 
                   in
                   Numidia
                
                 
                 it self
                 ,
                 (
                 if
                 I
                 much
                 misremember
                 not
                 the
                 Countrey
                 's
                 name
                 ,
                 notwithstanding
                 the
                 raging
                 heat
                 of
                 the
                 Climate
                 ,
                 
                   the
                   Plague
                   is
                   wont
                   to
                   be
                   produc'd
                   but
                   once
                   in
                   a
                   hundred
                   years
                   .
                
                 Our
                 *
                 Purchas
                 informs
                 us
                 that
                 
                   in
                   the
                   Land
                
                 of
                 Negro's
                 it
                 is
                 not
                 known
                 at
                 all
                 .
                 And
                 to
                 omit
                 what
                 some
                 Travellers
                 and
                 Navigatours
                 relate
                 of
                 Japan
                 ,
                 as
                 if
                 it
                 were
                 seldom
                 or
                 never
                 invaded
                 by
                 the
                 Pestilence
                 ;
                 I
                 do
                 not
                 remember
                 that
                 in
                 New
                 England
                 ,
                 which
                 contains
                 a
                 great
                 extent
                 of
                 Land
                 ,
                 though
                 I
                 have
                 had
                 both
                 Curiosity
                 and
                 opportunity
                 to
                 inquire
                 after
                 the
                 Diseases
                 of
                 that
                 Countrey
                 ,
                 I
                 ever
                 heard
                 the
                 English
                 take
                 any
                 notice
                 of
                 the
                 Plague
                 ,
                 since
                 their
                 setling
                 there
                 above
                 threescore
                 and
                 ten
                 years
                 ago
                 .
                 And
                 as
                 for
                 the
                 East
                 Indies
                 ,
                 Sir
                 
                   Philibert
                   Vernatti
                
                 ,
                 a
                 Virtuoso
                 of
                 great
                 fame
                 and
                 authority
                 at
                 Batavia
                 where
                 he
                 resides
                 ,
                 in
                 his
                 ingenious
                 Returns
                 to
                 the
                 Queries
                 sent
                 him
                 by
                 the
                 
                   Royal
                   Society
                   (
                   of
                   Naturalists
                
                 )
                 answers
                 thus
                 to
                 the
                 fifteenth
                 .
                 
                 [
                 
                   Pestis
                   morbus
                   est
                   Indiarum
                   Incolis
                   incognitus
                
                 ]
                 
                   The
                   Plague
                   is
                   a
                   Disease
                   unknown
                   amongst
                   the
                   Indians
                   .
                
                 And
                 of
                 the
                 Countries
                 that
                 lie
                 yet
                 more
                 remote
                 ,
                 as
                 the
                 great
                 Empire
                 of
                 China
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Kingdoms
                 of
                 Tunquin
                 ,
                 and
                 of
                 Cochinchina
                 ,
                 that
                 great
                 Traveller
                 
                   Alexander
                   de
                   Rhodes
                
                 ,
                 who
                 spent
                 30
                 years
                 in
                 those
                 parts
                 ,
                 affirms
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 Plague
                 is
                 not
                 so
                 much
                 as
                 spoken
                 of
                 there
                 .
                 And
                 yet
                 the
                 same
                 Jesuit
                 does
                 ,
                 upon
                 grounds
                 probable
                 enough
                 ,
                 estimate
                 the
                 number
                 of
                 the
                 people
                 of
                 China
                 alone
                 to
                 be
                 two
                 hundred
                 and
                 fifty
                 millions
                 ;
                 [
                 a
                 number
                 I
                 take
                 to
                 exceed
                 by
                 far
                 that
                 of
                 all
                 the
                 Nations
                 of
                 Europe
                 .
                 ]
                 Now
                 when
                 I
                 consider
                 ,
                 how
                 vast
                 Tracts
                 of
                 Land
                 are
                 compriz'd
                 in
                 those
                 Countries
                 ,
                 some
                 of
                 which
                 the
                 Plague
                 does
                 not
                 at
                 all
                 ,
                 and
                 others
                 but
                 exceeding
                 unfrequently
                 ,
                 invade
                 ;
                 this
                 Immunity
                 seems
                 to
                 me
                 very
                 unfavourable
                 to
                 most
                 ,
                 if
                 not
                 all
                 ,
                 the
                 opinions
                 receiv'd
                 among
                 Physicians
                 ,
                 as
                 also
                 that
                 of
                 Diemerbroeck
                 himself
                 who
                 derives
                 the
                 Plague
                 from
                 a
                 
                   Supernatural
                   Cause
                
                 ,
                 
                 
                   the
                   wrath
                   of
                   God
                   against
                   the
                   sins
                   of
                   men
                   .
                
                 For
                 in
                 Regions
                 of
                 such
                 extent
                 ,
                 and
                 divers
                 of
                 them
                 very
                 populous
                 ,
                 which
                 are
                 seated
                 under
                 very
                 differing
                 Climats
                 ,
                 and
                 which
                 are
                 some
                 of
                 them
                 inhabited
                 by
                 Nations
                 ,
                 that
                 make
                 war
                 with
                 numerous
                 Armies
                 ,
                 fight
                 bloudy
                 battels
                 ,
                 leave
                 heaps
                 of
                 unbury'd
                 Bodies
                 expos'd
                 to
                 the
                 putrefying
                 heat
                 of
                 the
                 Sun
                 ;
                 are
                 sometimes
                 forc'd
                 ,
                 as
                 well
                 as
                 others
                 to
                 live
                 upon
                 very
                 unwonted
                 and
                 unwholsome
                 foods
                 ;
                 that
                 worship
                 stocks
                 and
                 stones
                 ,
                 and
                 beasts
                 ,
                 and
                 some
                 of
                 them
                 Devils
                 ,
                 whom
                 they
                 know
                 to
                 be
                 such
                 ;
                 that
                 are
                 at
                 least
                 as
                 guilty
                 as
                 Europeans
                 ,
                 of
                 Assassinats
                 ,
                 Poisonings
                 ,
                 Rapes
                 ,
                 Oppression
                 ,
                 Sodomy
                 ,
                 and
                 other
                 crying
                 Sins
                 :
                 in
                 these
                 Regions
                 ,
                 I
                 say
                 ,
                 't
                 is
                 not
                 imaginable
                 but
                 that
                 great
                 Intemperatures
                 of
                 the
                 Air
                 ,
                 especially
                 ,
                 in
                 point
                 of
                 Heat
                 ,
                 Stench
                 of
                 dead
                 Bodies
                 kill'd
                 in
                 fights
                 ,
                 unwholsomness
                 of
                 Aliments
                 ,
                 malevolent
                 aspects
                 of
                 Celestial
                 Bodies
                 ,
                 high
                 provocations
                 of
                 the
                 divine
                 Justice
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 short
                 ,
                 all
                 the
                 Causes
                 ,
                 to
                 one
                 or
                 other
                 of
                 which
                 the
                 several
                 
                 parties
                 of
                 Physicians
                 are
                 wont
                 to
                 refer
                 the
                 Plague
                 ,
                 should
                 be
                 wanting
                 any
                 more
                 than
                 in
                 our
                 Europe
                 ;
                 and
                 yet
                 the
                 Plague
                 which
                 is
                 presum'd
                 to
                 be
                 the
                 Effect
                 of
                 one
                 or
                 other
                 of
                 those
                 Causes
                 ,
                 is
                 not
                 here
                 observed
                 to
                 be
                 produc'd
                 .
              
               
                 I
                 know
                 that
                 it
                 may
                 be
                 said
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 Historical
                 things
                 I
                 have
                 been
                 reciting
                 ,
                 do
                 not
                 onely
                 oppugn
                 the
                 several
                 receiv'd
                 Opinions
                 of
                 Physicians
                 about
                 the
                 cause
                 of
                 the
                 Plague
                 ,
                 but
                 disfavour
                 my
                 Conjectures
                 too
                 .
                 But
                 if
                 this
                 be
                 said
                 ,
                 I
                 desire
                 it
                 may
                 also
                 be
                 consider'd
                 ,
                 that
                 my
                 Judgment
                 about
                 the
                 Plague
                 consists
                 of
                 two
                 Parts
                 ;
                 One
                 ,
                 that
                 't
                 is
                 exceeding
                 difficult
                 to
                 assign
                 the
                 true
                 and
                 adequate
                 Cause
                 of
                 the
                 Origine
                 of
                 the
                 Pestilence
                 ;
                 and
                 the
                 Other
                 ,
                 that
                 whatever
                 be
                 the
                 Cause
                 of
                 its
                 First
                 Eruption
                 ,
                 its
                 Propagation
                 and
                 divers
                 of
                 its
                 Symptomes
                 ,
                 may
                 be
                 probably
                 enough
                 refer'd
                 to
                 the
                 depravation
                 of
                 the
                 Air
                 by
                 Subterraneal
                 Steams
                 ,
                 and
                 their
                 Effects
                 .
                 If
                 this
                 be
                 duly
                 consider'd
                 the
                 Historical
                 Observations
                 
                 will
                 appear
                 not
                 to
                 overthrow
                 the
                 First
                 member
                 of
                 our
                 Hypothesis
                 ,
                 but
                 rather
                 to
                 confirm
                 it
                 :
                 and
                 't
                 is
                 upon
                 this
                 account
                 that
                 I
                 have
                 mention'd
                 them
                 in
                 this
                 place
                 .
                 And
                 as
                 to
                 the
                 Second
                 member
                 it
                 may
                 be
                 said
                 ,
                 that
                 since
                 in
                 the
                 East
                 Indies
                 and
                 the
                 other
                 Countries
                 ,
                 I
                 have
                 nam'd
                 ,
                 as
                 privileg'd
                 from
                 this
                 raging
                 Disease
                 ,
                 it
                 is
                 not
                 observ'd
                 to
                 break
                 out
                 :
                 as
                 it
                 cannot
                 be
                 said
                 that
                 Subterraneal
                 Effluvia
                 do
                 in
                 those
                 Countries
                 promote
                 the
                 Propagation
                 of
                 it
                 ;
                 so
                 it
                 cannot
                 be
                 prov'd
                 that
                 they
                 could
                 not
                 doe
                 it
                 ,
                 incase
                 the
                 Plague
                 were
                 begun
                 by
                 other
                 Causes
                 .
                 But
                 in
                 regard
                 I
                 think
                 it
                 not
                 improbable
                 that
                 sometimes
                 the
                 Plague
                 is
                 not
                 onely
                 fomented
                 but
                 begun
                 by
                 noxious
                 Expirations
                 of
                 the
                 Terrestrial
                 Globe
                 ,
                 I
                 shall
                 add
                 that
                 this
                 supposition
                 ,
                 though
                 I
                 confess
                 it
                 be
                 somewhat
                 disfavour'd
                 by
                 some
                 of
                 the
                 lately
                 mention'd
                 Observations
                 ,
                 yet
                 is
                 not
                 absolutely
                 inconsistent
                 with
                 them
                 .
                 For
                 First
                 ,
                 it
                 may
                 be
                 said
                 that
                 some
                 of
                 the
                 Countries
                 I
                 speak
                 of
                 ,
                 may
                 be
                 destitute
                 of
                 
                 those
                 noxious
                 minerals
                 to
                 which
                 we
                 impute
                 some
                 Plagues
                 ,
                 it
                 holding
                 true
                 in
                 Minerals
                 as
                 well
                 as
                 in
                 Plants
                 .
                 
                   Non
                   omnis
                   fert
                   omnia
                   tellus
                
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 omit
                 what
                 I
                 have
                 not
                 without
                 some
                 wonders
                 observ'd
                 ,
                 of
                 the
                 Limits
                 of
                 differing
                 sorts
                 of
                 Mines
                 and
                 Mineral
                 Veins
                 in
                 very
                 bordering
                 parts
                 of
                 the
                 same
                 tract
                 of
                 Land
                 ,
                 I
                 cannot
                 but
                 here
                 take
                 notice
                 ,
                 that
                 though
                 Sulphur
                 be
                 in
                 many
                 Countries
                 usually
                 found
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 in
                 plenty
                 where
                 there
                 are
                 other
                 Metalline
                 Veins
                 ,
                 insomuch
                 that
                 Chymists
                 make
                 it
                 one
                 of
                 the
                 three
                 Principles
                 of
                 all
                 Metals
                 ,
                 yet
                 in
                 the
                 Mines
                 of
                 England
                 more
                 strictly
                 so
                 call'd
                 ,
                 I
                 do
                 not
                 remember
                 I
                 ever
                 met
                 with
                 so
                 much
                 as
                 an
                 Ounce
                 of
                 Native
                 Sulphur
                 ,
                 and
                 I
                 could
                 not
                 find
                 by
                 divers
                 Mineralists
                 ,
                 of
                 whom
                 I
                 purposely
                 ask'd
                 the
                 question
                 that
                 they
                 had
                 met
                 with
                 any
                 among
                 the
                 various
                 Mines
                 they
                 had
                 frequented
                 .
                 It
                 may
                 also
                 happen
                 that
                 there
                 may
                 be
                 hurtfull
                 Minerals
                 in
                 a
                 Countrey
                 ,
                 and
                 yet
                 not
                 capable
                 of
                 often
                 producing
                 or
                 promoting
                 Pestilences
                 
                 there
                 ,
                 even
                 upon
                 moderate
                 Earthquakes
                 .
                 For
                 't
                 is
                 possible
                 that
                 these
                 Orpimental
                 or
                 other
                 Noxious
                 Minerals
                 may
                 have
                 their
                 Beds
                 or
                 Veins
                 lying
                 so
                 deep
                 in
                 the
                 Earth
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 are
                 not
                 ordinarily
                 able
                 to
                 send
                 up
                 Effluvia
                 ,
                 strong
                 and
                 copious
                 enough
                 to
                 make
                 a
                 Pestilential
                 depravation
                 of
                 the
                 Air
                 ,
                 and
                 even
                 in
                 lesser
                 Earthquakes
                 the
                 commotion
                 or
                 agitation
                 of
                 the
                 ground
                 ,
                 especially
                 if
                 the
                 Earth-quakes
                 proceed
                 (
                 as
                 one
                 may
                 suspect
                 that
                 divers
                 of
                 them
                 do
                 )
                 from
                 the
                 sudden
                 fall
                 of
                 ponderous
                 Masses
                 in
                 the
                 hollow
                 parts
                 of
                 the
                 Earth
                 and
                 the
                 shakings
                 of
                 the
                 ground
                 thereby
                 produc'd
                 ,
                 and
                 sometimes
                 spreading
                 far
                 ,
                 may
                 not
                 reach
                 so
                 far
                 downwards
                 as
                 much
                 to
                 affect
                 these
                 very
                 deep
                 Mines
                 ,
                 and
                 yet
                 some
                 other
                 more
                 violent
                 Earthquakes
                 ,
                 may
                 affect
                 even
                 these
                 ;
                 upon
                 which
                 ground
                 one
                 may
                 give
                 some
                 tolerable
                 account
                 why
                 the
                 Plague
                 in
                 some
                 parts
                 of
                 Africk
                 has
                 been
                 observ'd
                 to
                 rage
                 but
                 once
                 in
                 thirty
                 or
                 once
                 in
                 an
                 hundred
                 years
                 ;
                 for
                 there
                 may
                 be
                 periodical
                 
                 Paroxysms
                 ,
                 if
                 I
                 may
                 so
                 call
                 them
                 ,
                 or
                 grand
                 and
                 vehement
                 Commotions
                 in
                 Subterraneal
                 Parts
                 ,
                 though
                 men
                 have
                 not
                 yet
                 ,
                 for
                 want
                 of
                 sufficient
                 Longevity
                 or
                 Curiosity
                 observ'd
                 them
                 .
                 On
                 which
                 occasion
                 ,
                 I
                 remember
                 that
                 a
                 late
                 judicious
                 French
                 Historian
                 recounts
                 that
                 in
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 last
                 age
                 ,
                 and
                 part
                 of
                 this
                 ,
                 a
                 very
                 pernicious
                 Disease
                 of
                 the
                 nature
                 of
                 a
                 Colick
                 raign'd
                 in
                 France
                 every
                 tenth
                 year
                 for
                 a
                 long
                 tract
                 of
                 time
                 .
                 And
                 the
                 Experienc'd
                 *
                 Platerus
                 relates
                 ,
                 that
                 at
                 Basil
                 ,
                 where
                 with
                 great
                 success
                 he
                 practis'd
                 Physick
                 fifty
                 six
                 years
                 ,
                 the
                 City
                 was
                 afflicted
                 with
                 furious
                 Plagues
                 once
                 about
                 every
                 tenth
                 year
                 for
                 seventy
                 years
                 together
                 ,
                 of
                 each
                 of
                 which
                 Pestilences
                 he
                 gives
                 a
                 particular
                 account
                 in
                 his
                 usefull
                 observation
                 .
                 It
                 may
                 also
                 farther
                 be
                 said
                 ,
                 that
                 those
                 Exhalations
                 in
                 the
                 East
                 
                   Indies
                   ,
                   &c.
                
                 that
                 would
                 otherwise
                 be
                 pestiferous
                 ,
                 may
                 be
                 corrected
                 by
                 other
                 Expirations
                 that
                 may
                 be
                 either
                 of
                 benign
                 nature
                 ,
                 or
                 of
                 such
                 a
                 nature
                 ,
                 
                 as
                 though
                 noxious
                 in
                 themselves
                 ,
                 may
                 fit
                 them
                 by
                 combining
                 with
                 those
                 that
                 would
                 be
                 pestiferous
                 to
                 disable
                 them
                 to
                 be
                 so
                 ,
                 as
                 I
                 elsewhere
                 observ'd
                 out
                 of
                 Beguinus
                 ,
                 that
                 a
                 Countrey
                 abounding
                 in
                 veins
                 and
                 masses
                 of
                 Cinnabar
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 the
                 Ore
                 of
                 Quicksilver
                 ,
                 was
                 preserv'd
                 from
                 the
                 Plague
                 ,
                 when
                 the
                 neighbouring
                 Regions
                 were
                 wasted
                 by
                 it
                 ;
                 and
                 I
                 shall
                 illustrate
                 this
                 matter
                 somewhat
                 farther
                 by
                 taking
                 notice
                 ,
                 that
                 though
                 Corrosive
                 Sublimate
                 be
                 so
                 mischievous
                 a
                 Mineral
                 Composition
                 ,
                 that
                 a
                 few
                 grains
                 may
                 kill
                 a
                 man
                 ,
                 yet
                 the
                 fumes
                 of
                 this
                 combin'd
                 with
                 those
                 of
                 Crude
                 ,
                 common
                 Quicksilver
                 ,
                 which
                 are
                 themselves
                 unwholesome
                 enough
                 ,
                 make
                 
                   Mercurius
                   dulcis
                
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 a
                 mixture
                 so
                 innocent
                 ,
                 that
                 being
                 well
                 prepar'd
                 ,
                 and
                 well
                 administred
                 ,
                 it
                 is
                 both
                 safely
                 and
                 usefully
                 given
                 even
                 to
                 Children
                 .
              
               
                 If
                 what
                 has
                 been
                 said
                 will
                 not
                 suffice
                 ,
                 I
                 shall
                 propose
                 another
                 possible
                 way
                 of
                 accounting
                 for
                 the
                 immunity
                 of
                 some
                 Countries
                 from
                 the
                 
                 Plague
                 .
                 For
                 one
                 may
                 conceive
                 that
                 in
                 such
                 Regions
                 the
                 Soil
                 ,
                 and
                 other
                 assisting
                 Causes
                 may
                 constantly
                 produce
                 in
                 the
                 Air
                 such
                 a
                 Constitution
                 as
                 is
                 found
                 in
                 the
                 Air
                 of
                 Egypt
                 ,
                 during
                 the
                 time
                 of
                 the
                 increase
                 ,
                 and
                 overflowing
                 of
                 Nile
                 ,
                 which
                 usually
                 lasts
                 every
                 year
                 for
                 several
                 weeks
                 ,
                 for
                 during
                 this
                 time
                 the
                 Air
                 is
                 so
                 antipestilential
                 ,
                 that
                 not
                 only
                 the
                 Plague
                 does
                 not
                 make
                 a
                 new
                 Eruption
                 ;
                 but
                 is
                 either
                 wonderfully
                 check'd
                 or
                 quite
                 suppress'd
                 in
                 those
                 houses
                 that
                 it
                 has
                 already
                 invaded
                 ,
                 so
                 that
                 its
                 mortal
                 infection
                 reaches
                 no
                 farther
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 it
                 may
                 not
                 be
                 thought
                 incredible
                 that
                 some
                 Countries
                 may
                 have
                 ,
                 if
                 I
                 may
                 so
                 speak
                 ,
                 an
                 antidotal
                 Nature
                 ,
                 in
                 reference
                 to
                 some
                 pernicious
                 Evils
                 ,
                 I
                 shall
                 represent
                 that
                 there
                 are
                 some
                 whole
                 Countries
                 which
                 are
                 privileg'd
                 from
                 producing
                 Vipers
                 ,
                 Toads
                 ,
                 and
                 other
                 venemous
                 Creatures
                 ,
                 as
                 is
                 vulgarly
                 known
                 concerning
                 Ireland
                 ,
                 where
                 I
                 could
                 never
                 see
                 any
                 such
                 ,
                 nor
                 find
                 by
                 Enquiry
                 of
                 either
                 the
                 Natives
                 ,
                 or
                 English
                 Inhabitants
                 ,
                 
                 that
                 they
                 had
                 met
                 with
                 any
                 in
                 that
                 Kingdom
                 ,
                 where
                 't
                 is
                 an
                 uncontroll'd
                 tradition
                 ,
                 that
                 if
                 Poysonous
                 Creatures
                 have
                 been
                 carefully
                 brought
                 there
                 from
                 other
                 Parts
                 ,
                 they
                 have
                 died
                 almost
                 as
                 soon
                 as
                 they
                 came
                 thither
                 .
                 There
                 are
                 some
                 other
                 Islands
                 to
                 which
                 a
                 like
                 hostility
                 to
                 venemous
                 Animals
                 is
                 ascrib'd
                 :
                 and
                 as
                 it
                 seems
                 not
                 inpossible
                 that
                 some
                 Countries
                 should
                 have
                 a
                 Soil
                 that
                 so
                 impregnats
                 the
                 Air
                 as
                 to
                 make
                 it
                 suppress
                 or
                 quite
                 enervate
                 many
                 differing
                 sorts
                 of
                 Poysons
                 ,
                 so
                 others
                 may
                 by
                 their
                 Constitution
                 be
                 qualify'd
                 to
                 master
                 or
                 resist
                 poisonous
                 Expirations
                 or
                 wandering
                 Corpuscles
                 that
                 elsewhere
                 are
                 wont
                 to
                 produce
                 the
                 Plague
                 .
                 And
                 this
                 may
                 suffice
                 for
                 the
                 first
                 thing
                 whereon
                 we
                 ground
                 our
                 Hypothesis
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Second
                 thing
                 that
                 invited
                 me
                 to
                 the
                 above
                 propos'd
                 Suspicion
                 or
                 Conjecture
                 ,
                 is
                 ,
                 That
                 it
                 affords
                 a
                 not
                 improbable
                 account
                 of
                 some
                 considerable
                 things
                 ,
                 relating
                 to
                 the
                 
                 Production
                 and
                 Phaenomena
                 of
                 the
                 Plague
                 .
              
               
                 (
                 1.
                 )
                 As
                 First
                 ,
                 't
                 is
                 observ'd
                 that
                 sometimes
                 the
                 Plague
                 breaks
                 out
                 ,
                 when
                 there
                 has
                 not
                 preceded
                 any
                 such
                 immoderate
                 distemper
                 of
                 the
                 Air
                 ,
                 or
                 any
                 casual
                 Enormity
                 capable
                 of
                 producing
                 so
                 great
                 and
                 anomalous
                 an
                 Effect
                 .
                 Nay
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 more
                 ,
                 it
                 has
                 been
                 observ'd
                 ,
                 that
                 very
                 great
                 and
                 unusual
                 intemperatenesses
                 of
                 the
                 Air
                 have
                 several
                 times
                 happen'd
                 ,
                 and
                 divers
                 notable
                 and
                 threatning
                 Aspects
                 of
                 the
                 Stars
                 have
                 been
                 noted
                 by
                 good
                 Writers
                 without
                 being
                 follow'd
                 by
                 the
                 Plague
                 .
                 The
                 celebrated
                 *
                 Fernelius
                 relates
                 ,
                 that
                 near
                 the
                 time
                 he
                 writ
                 this
                 Observation
                 ,
                 that
                 Year
                 ,
                 which
                 of
                 all
                 those
                 that
                 had
                 pass'd
                 in
                 the
                 memory
                 of
                 Man
                 ,
                 was
                 all
                 the
                 World
                 over
                 the
                 most
                 immoderately
                 hot
                 ,
                 and
                 was
                 yet
                 most
                 healthfull
                 .
                 And
                 the
                 same
                 Authour
                 reports
                 the
                 Plague
                 to
                 have
                 begun
                 in
                 the
                 midst
                 of
                 Winter
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 have
                 gone
                 off
                 in
                 Summer
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 several
                 
                 times
                 ardent
                 Summers
                 have
                 been
                 altogether
                 free
                 from
                 the
                 Plague
                 :
                 which
                 I
                 also
                 have
                 noted
                 to
                 be
                 true
                 .
                 
                   Johannes
                   Morellus
                
                 observes
                 ,
                 that
                 in
                 his
                 Countrey
                 after
                 a
                 dry
                 Winter
                 ,
                 and
                 wherein
                 the
                 North
                 Wind
                 reign'd
                 ,
                 though
                 it
                 were
                 succeeded
                 by
                 a
                 most
                 temperate
                 and
                 healthfull
                 Spring
                 ,
                 yet
                 this
                 brought
                 in
                 the
                 Plague
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 ,
                 when
                 the
                 North
                 Wind
                 was
                 predominant
                 and
                 the
                 Air
                 pure
                 and
                 sincere
                 .
                 Which
                 I
                 the
                 less
                 scruple
                 to
                 believe
                 ,
                 because
                 I
                 observ'd
                 something
                 very
                 like
                 it
                 in
                 the
                 Constitutions
                 of
                 the
                 Air
                 ,
                 that
                 preceded
                 and
                 accompany'd
                 the
                 dreadfull
                 London
                 Plague
                 that
                 broke
                 out
                 in
                 the
                 year
                 1665.
                 
                 Which
                 Phaenomena
                 much
                 disfavour
                 their
                 Opinion
                 that
                 impute
                 the
                 Plague
                 to
                 the
                 excesses
                 of
                 the
                 manifest
                 Qualities
                 of
                 the
                 Air
                 ;
                 but
                 are
                 agreeable
                 to
                 our
                 Hypothesis
                 ,
                 since
                 by
                 what
                 has
                 been
                 formerly
                 deliver'd
                 ,
                 we
                 may
                 gather
                 that
                 Noxious
                 Subterraneal
                 Fumes
                 may
                 be
                 suddenly
                 ,
                 and
                 without
                 any
                 warning
                 belch'd
                 up
                 into
                 the
                 Air
                 ,
                 and
                 ,
                 by
                 depraving
                 it
                 ,
                 produce
                 
                 fatal
                 Diseases
                 in
                 many
                 of
                 those
                 that
                 are
                 constantly
                 surrounded
                 by
                 it
                 ,
                 and
                 draw
                 it
                 in
                 ,
                 almost
                 every
                 moment
                 ,
                 with
                 their
                 breath
                 .
              
               
                 Of
                 the
                 deadly
                 Hurtfulness
                 of
                 divers
                 Subterraneal
                 Expirations
                 ,
                 at
                 their
                 first
                 Eruption
                 ,
                 there
                 are
                 many
                 Histories
                 extant
                 in
                 approv'd
                 Authours
                 :
                 And
                 we
                 have
                 observ'd
                 Instances
                 of
                 that
                 sort
                 ,
                 in
                 the
                 Times
                 and
                 Countries
                 we
                 live
                 in
                 .
                 But
                 ,
                 because
                 all
                 Poisonous
                 ,
                 and
                 even
                 mortal
                 ,
                 Exhalations
                 are
                 not
                 therefore
                 truly
                 Pestiferous
                 ,
                 but
                 may
                 ,
                 like
                 many
                 other
                 Poisons
                 ,
                 kill
                 the
                 Persons
                 they
                 immediately
                 invade
                 ,
                 without
                 qualifying
                 them
                 to
                 infect
                 others
                 ;
                 I
                 shall
                 add
                 a
                 Passage
                 out
                 of
                 that
                 Excellent
                 Historian
                 
                   
                     Monsieur
                     de
                     Mezeray
                  
                   who
                   relates
                   in
                   the
                   life
                   of
                   
                     Philip
                     de
                     Valois
                  
                   ,
                   that
                   the
                   Plague
                   that
                   happened
                   in
                   France
                   in
                   the
                   Year
                   1346.
                   was
                   so
                   contageous
                   and
                   destructive
                   ,
                   that
                   scarce
                   a
                   Village
                   ,
                   or
                   even
                   a
                   House
                   ,
                   escap'd
                   uninfected
                   by
                   it
                   .
                   He
                   adds
                   ,
                   that
                   this
                   Pestilence
                   ,
                   than
                   which
                   none
                   had
                   been
                   observ'd
                   more
                   furious
                   
                   and
                   spreading
                   ,
                   began
                   two
                   years
                   before
                   in
                   the
                   Kingdom
                   of
                   Cathay
                   ,
                   by
                   a
                   vapour
                   that
                   was
                   most
                   horribly
                   stinking
                   ,
                   which
                   brake
                   out
                   of
                   the
                   Earth
                   like
                   a
                   kind
                   of
                   Subterraneal
                   fire
                   ,
                   consum'd
                   and
                   devour'd
                   above
                   200
                   Leagues
                   of
                   that
                   Countrey
                   ,
                   even
                   to
                   the
                   very
                   Trees
                   and
                   Stones
                   ,
                   and
                   infected
                   the
                   Air
                   in
                   a
                   wonderfull
                   manner
                   .
                   
                     From
                     Cathay
                  
                   ,
                   say's
                   he
                   ,
                   
                     it
                     pass'd
                     into
                     Asia
                     and
                     Greece
                     ,
                     thence
                     into
                     Africk
                     ,
                     afterwards
                     into
                     Europe
                     ,
                     which
                     it
                     ransack'd
                     throughout
                     .
                  
                
                 Other
                 Instances
                 ,
                 of
                 Pestilences
                 begun
                 by
                 noxious
                 Subterraneal
                 Fumes
                 ,
                 I
                 have
                 met
                 with
                 in
                 good
                 Authours
                 ;
                 
                 but
                 cannot
                 now
                 recall
                 the
                 Particulars
                 to
                 mind
                 ,
                 and
                 therefore
                 shall
                 pass
                 on
                 to
                 the
                 second
                 Observation
                 .
              
               
                 (
                 2.
                 )
                 In
                 the
                 next
                 place
                 then
                 ;
                 whereas
                 't
                 is
                 noted
                 by
                 diligent
                 Observers
                 ,
                 that
                 there
                 is
                 a
                 wonderfull
                 diversity
                 in
                 several
                 Countries
                 ,
                 and
                 even
                 in
                 the
                 same
                 Countrey
                 at
                 several
                 distant
                 times
                 ,
                 of
                 those
                 raging
                 Diseases
                 ,
                 that
                 Physicians
                 agree
                 in
                 calling
                 
                 the
                 Plague
                 ,
                 (
                 whence
                 it
                 happens
                 that
                 such
                 Medicins
                 or
                 Methods
                 of
                 curing
                 as
                 are
                 in
                 one
                 Plague
                 succesfull
                 ,
                 as
                 Phlebotomy
                 ,
                 Purging
                 ,
                 &c.
                 do
                 oftentimes
                 in
                 another
                 prove
                 dangerous
                 ,
                 if
                 not
                 mortal
                 )
                 whereas
                 (
                 I
                 say
                 )
                 this
                 great
                 variety
                 has
                 been
                 observ'd
                 in
                 Plagues
                 ;
                 it
                 may
                 be
                 fairly
                 accounted
                 for
                 ,
                 by
                 the
                 great
                 number
                 and
                 diversity
                 that
                 has
                 been
                 actually
                 found
                 ,
                 or
                 may
                 be
                 reasonably
                 suppos'd
                 ,
                 in
                 the
                 numerous
                 Minerals
                 ,
                 and
                 other
                 Bodies
                 that
                 nature
                 has
                 lay'd
                 up
                 in
                 the
                 Subterraneal
                 Regions
                 :
                 especially
                 if
                 we
                 consider
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 number
                 of
                 such
                 Bodies
                 may
                 be
                 much
                 increas'd
                 and
                 diversified
                 ,
                 by
                 the
                 various
                 combinations
                 which
                 may
                 be
                 made
                 of
                 them
                 ,
                 not
                 onely
                 by
                 casualties
                 ,
                 but
                 by
                 the
                 action
                 of
                 Subterraneal
                 Fires
                 ,
                 and
                 aestuaries
                 ,
                 and
                 menstruums
                 ,
                 such
                 as
                 I
                 have
                 elsewhere
                 shewn
                 to
                 be
                 lodg'd
                 beneath
                 the
                 turf
                 or
                 superficies
                 of
                 the
                 Earth
                 .
                 And
                 the
                 ascending
                 Corpuscles
                 of
                 those
                 Mineral
                 Bodies
                 ,
                 being
                 most
                 of
                 them
                 solid
                 and
                 subtile
                 ,
                 may
                 produce
                 in
                 the
                 Bloud
                 ;
                 
                 and
                 so
                 in
                 the
                 Body
                 ,
                 far
                 more
                 odd
                 ,
                 and
                 violent
                 Symtomes
                 ,
                 than
                 the
                 peccant
                 Humours
                 that
                 use
                 to
                 beget
                 ordinary
                 Diseases
                 .
                 Which
                 may
                 be
                 one
                 reason
                 ,
                 and
                 perhaps
                 the
                 chief
                 ,
                 why
                 the
                 ancient
                 Heathens
                 ,
                 and
                 Hippocrates
                 himself
                 ,
                 acknowledg'd
                 in
                 Pestilential
                 Diseases
                 
                   〈◊〉
                   〈◊〉
                   〈◊〉
                   〈◊〉
                   〈◊〉
                
                 ,
                 somewhat
                 of
                 Divine
                 ,
                 surpassing
                 ordinary
                 Nature
                 .
              
               
                 What
                 these
                 Mineral
                 Substances
                 are
                 ,
                 whose
                 steams
                 produce
                 such
                 odd
                 and
                 dismal
                 Symtomes
                 ,
                 I
                 think
                 exceeding
                 hard
                 to
                 determine
                 .
                 Yet
                 ,
                 if
                 I
                 were
                 to
                 name
                 one
                 sort
                 ,
                 I
                 should
                 perhaps
                 think
                 the
                 least
                 unlikely
                 to
                 be
                 Orpiment
                 .
                 For
                 ,
                 of
                 the
                 Poysonous
                 Minerals
                 we
                 are
                 acquainted
                 with
                 ,
                 I
                 know
                 not
                 any
                 of
                 which
                 there
                 is
                 greater
                 quantity
                 in
                 the
                 Bowels
                 of
                 the
                 Earth
                 ;
                 especially
                 taking
                 that
                 name
                 ,
                 in
                 the
                 latitude
                 allowed
                 it
                 ,
                 by
                 those
                 skilfull
                 men
                 ,
                 that
                 make
                 three
                 sorts
                 of
                 it
                 ,
                 viz.
                 Yellow
                 ,
                 Red
                 and
                 White
                 Orpiment
                 ,
                 divers
                 of
                 whose
                 mischievous
                 Effects
                 seem
                 to
                 agree
                 well
                 enough
                 with
                 the
                 Symtomes
                 of
                 some
                 Plagues
                 ,
                 
                 and
                 may
                 be
                 guessed
                 to
                 have
                 at
                 least
                 a
                 considerable
                 interest
                 in
                 the
                 production
                 of
                 them
                 .
                 But
                 yet
                 ,
                 to
                 speak
                 candidly
                 ,
                 I
                 do
                 not
                 think
                 that
                 these
                 Minerals
                 are
                 the
                 causes
                 ,
                 even
                 of
                 all
                 those
                 Pestilences
                 whose
                 efficients
                 may
                 come
                 from
                 under
                 the
                 Ground
                 :
                 For
                 several
                 reasons
                 ,
                 and
                 some
                 drawn
                 from
                 Experience
                 ,
                 make
                 me
                 think
                 that
                 the
                 Subterraneal
                 Regions
                 have
                 many
                 kinds
                 of
                 very
                 mischievous
                 fossiles
                 ,
                 of
                 which
                 Physicians
                 ,
                 and
                 even
                 Chymists
                 ,
                 have
                 no
                 knowledge
                 ,
                 and
                 for
                 which
                 they
                 have
                 not
                 any
                 distinct
                 names
                 ;
                 and
                 that
                 the
                 various
                 associations
                 of
                 these
                 ,
                 which
                 Nature
                 may
                 by
                 Fire
                 and
                 menstruums
                 make
                 under
                 Ground
                 ,
                 and
                 perhaps
                 in
                 the
                 Air
                 it self
                 ;
                 may
                 very
                 much
                 increase
                 the
                 number
                 ,
                 and
                 variety
                 of
                 hurtfull
                 Matters
                 ,
                 and
                 also
                 heighten
                 their
                 hostility
                 to
                 Humane
                 Bodies
                 :
                 as
                 I
                 think
                 may
                 be
                 argued
                 from
                 the
                 factitious
                 White
                 Arsenick
                 that
                 is
                 commonly
                 sold
                 in
                 Shops
                 ,
                 which
                 though
                 usually
                 made
                 of
                 Orpiment
                 ,
                 by
                 the
                 addition
                 of
                 so
                 innocent
                 a
                 Body
                 as
                 
                 common
                 Salt
                 ,
                 (
                 which
                 is
                 found
                 in
                 great
                 plenty
                 under
                 Ground
                 ,
                 )
                 is
                 observ'd
                 to
                 be
                 far
                 more
                 poysonous
                 than
                 Orpiment
                 it self
                 .
                 And
                 I
                 remember
                 that
                 a
                 skilfull
                 Chymist
                 ,
                 having
                 in
                 my
                 presence
                 tasted
                 some
                 prepar'd
                 ,
                 and
                 ,
                 as
                 was
                 thought
                 ,
                 somewhat
                 corrected
                 Arcenick
                 ;
                 was
                 quickly
                 invaded
                 by
                 such
                 Symtomes
                 ,
                 as
                 he
                 thought
                 would
                 presently
                 kill
                 him
                 .
                 But
                 ,
                 through
                 God's
                 blessing
                 ,
                 I
                 quickly
                 put
                 him
                 out
                 of
                 danger
                 ,
                 though
                 not
                 out
                 of
                 pain
                 ,
                 by
                 early
                 prescribing
                 him
                 store
                 of
                 Oil
                 of
                 sweet
                 Almonds
                 ,
                 and
                 something
                 made
                 of
                 Lemmons
                 ,
                 that
                 I
                 chanc'd
                 to
                 have
                 by
                 me
                 :
                 But
                 to
                 return
                 to
                 what
                 I
                 was
                 saying
                 ;
                 Sandarach
                 seems
                 to
                 be
                 ,
                 but
                 Orpiment
                 whose
                 yellow
                 Colour
                 is
                 deepn'd
                 to
                 Redness
                 :
                 and
                 native
                 Arsenick
                 ,
                 (
                 for
                 I
                 have
                 seen
                 such
                 a
                 thing
                 ,
                 though
                 it
                 rarely
                 comes
                 into
                 England
                 ,
                 )
                 seems
                 to
                 be
                 little
                 other
                 than
                 pale
                 or
                 white
                 Orpiment
                 .
                 And
                 indeed
                 in
                 Hungary
                 ,
                 all
                 three
                 may
                 be
                 found
                 not
                 far
                 from
                 one
                 another
                 in
                 the
                 same
                 Mine
                 ;
                 As
                 I
                 learn'd
                 by
                 Inquiry
                 from
                 an
                 observing
                 
                 Eye-witness
                 ,
                 by
                 whose
                 means
                 ,
                 and
                 of
                 another
                 Chymist
                 ,
                 divers
                 Native
                 Orpimental
                 Minerals
                 (
                 to
                 say
                 nothing
                 of
                 Realgar
                 )
                 because
                 it
                 is
                 a
                 Factitious
                 combination
                 of
                 Orpiment
                 and
                 Sulphur
                 ,
                 came
                 to
                 my
                 hands
                 .
                 And
                 as
                 this
                 sort
                 of
                 Fossiles
                 comprizes
                 more
                 numerous
                 and
                 various
                 ones
                 ,
                 than
                 is
                 vulgarly
                 noted
                 ,
                 so
                 the
                 very
                 noxious
                 effects
                 of
                 the
                 Effluvia
                 of
                 Orpiment
                 ,
                 are
                 not
                 unknown
                 to
                 divers
                 Physicians
                 :
                 and
                 the
                 Learned
                 Sennertus
                 gives
                 a
                 particular
                 
                 instance
                 of
                 it
                 in
                 a
                 Painter
                 ,
                 who
                 upon
                 opening
                 a
                 Box
                 where
                 Orpiment
                 ,
                 which
                 men
                 of
                 his
                 Profession
                 use
                 as
                 a
                 Pigment
                 ,
                 had
                 been
                 long
                 kept
                 ,
                 had
                 his
                 face
                 all
                 swell'd
                 ,
                 and
                 was
                 cast
                 into
                 fainting
                 Fits.
                 And
                 as
                 White
                 Arsenick
                 is
                 of
                 a
                 more
                 piercing
                 and
                 corrosive
                 nature
                 ,
                 so
                 it
                 were
                 not
                 difficult
                 to
                 shew
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Writings
                 of
                 eminent
                 Physicians
                 that
                 
                   its
                   effects
                   have
                
                 divers
                 times
                 proved
                 very
                 hurtfull
                 ,
                 and
                 sometimes
                 mortal
                 .
                 When
                 but
                 externally
                 worn
                 in
                 Amulets
                 ,
                 especially
                 if
                 the
                 Pores
                 
                 of
                 the
                 Skin
                 were
                 open
                 by
                 exercise
                 and
                 sweat
                 ;
                 and
                 the
                 nature
                 of
                 the
                 Symptomes
                 produced
                 seems
                 to
                 confirm
                 our
                 Hypothesis
                 ,
                 since
                 the
                 Persons
                 that
                 wore
                 these
                 Arsenical
                 Amulets
                 were
                 affected
                 ,
                 some
                 with
                 great
                 anxieties
                 about
                 the
                 Heart
                 ,
                 some
                 with
                 inflammation
                 ,
                 some
                 with
                 burning
                 Fevers
                 ,
                 some
                 with
                 exulceration
                 of
                 the
                 Breasts
                 ,
                 so
                 some
                 with
                 Pussles
                 like
                 those
                 of
                 the
                 Plague
                 ,
                 and
                 these
                 were
                 sometimes
                 black
                 ,
                 as
                 if
                 made
                 with
                 a
                 Caustick
                 :
                 most
                 Patients
                 were
                 affected
                 with
                 great
                 weakness
                 and
                 faintness
                 ,
                 &c.
                 as
                 if
                 they
                 had
                 swallowed
                 Poison
                 ;
                 and
                 of
                 one
                 young
                 Man
                 't
                 is
                 recorded
                 ,
                 that
                 having
                 heated
                 himself
                 in
                 a
                 Tennis-court
                 with
                 an
                 Amulet
                 upon
                 his
                 Breast
                 ,
                 the
                 virulence
                 of
                 its
                 Corpuscles
                 made
                 him
                 fall
                 down
                 stark
                 dead
                 upon
                 the
                 Spot
                 .
                 And
                 't
                 is
                 a
                 considerable
                 Circumstance
                 in
                 these
                 Observations
                 ,
                 that
                 several
                 Patients
                 were
                 cur'd
                 of
                 the
                 Symptomes
                 that
                 seem'd
                 to
                 be
                 Pestilential
                 ones
                 by
                 the
                 same
                 Remedies
                 that
                 are
                 Alexipharmacal
                 
                 against
                 the
                 Plague
                 ,
                 whence
                 it
                 may
                 also
                 be
                 made
                 probable
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 Plague
                 it self
                 many
                 times
                 is
                 a
                 natural
                 ,
                 though
                 a
                 dreadfull
                 and
                 anomalous
                 Disease
                 ,
                 since
                 its
                 Effects
                 and
                 Symptomes
                 so
                 much
                 resemble
                 those
                 of
                 acknowledg'd
                 Poisons
                 ,
                 and
                 have
                 been
                 cur'd
                 by
                 Antidotes
                 effectual
                 against
                 other
                 Poisons
                 .
              
               
                 I
                 have
                 not
                 time
                 to
                 mention
                 what
                 I
                 have
                 my self
                 try'd
                 and
                 observ'd
                 about
                 the
                 bad
                 effects
                 of
                 Orpiment
                 ,
                 and
                 its
                 kinds
                 .
                 But
                 I
                 remember
                 ,
                 that
                 enquiring
                 of
                 an
                 ingenious
                 Man
                 ,
                 who
                 sometimes
                 visited
                 a
                 Mine
                 which
                 was
                 known
                 to
                 abound
                 with
                 Orpimental
                 Fossils
                 ;
                 he
                 answer'd
                 me
                 ,
                 that
                 when
                 he
                 walked
                 over
                 the
                 neighbouring
                 Grounds
                 ,
                 he
                 found
                 himself
                 much
                 disorder'd
                 ,
                 especially
                 in
                 his
                 Thorax
                 by
                 the
                 Effluvia
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 the
                 Mine-men
                 and
                 Diggers
                 were
                 subject
                 to
                 a
                 malignant
                 anomalous
                 and
                 dangerous
                 sort
                 of
                 Fevers
                 ,
                 though
                 he
                 said
                 he
                 was
                 apt
                 to
                 impute
                 ,
                 I
                 know
                 not
                 how
                 truly
                 ,
                 some
                 part
                 of
                 their
                 obnoxiousness
                 
                 to
                 it
                 ,
                 to
                 their
                 drinking
                 too
                 much
                 strong
                 Wine
                 .
                 But
                 though
                 't
                 is
                 probable
                 the
                 Effluvia
                 of
                 Orpimental
                 Bodies
                 may
                 have
                 a
                 great
                 interest
                 in
                 several
                 Plagues
                 ,
                 yet
                 ,
                 I
                 strongly
                 suspect
                 that
                 many
                 others
                 may
                 proceed
                 from
                 the
                 steams
                 of
                 such
                 Subterraneal
                 Bodies
                 as
                 are
                 not
                 yet
                 distinctly
                 known
                 to
                 us
                 ;
                 and
                 possibly
                 have
                 their
                 Effluvia
                 variously
                 combin'd
                 ,
                 either
                 beneath
                 or
                 above
                 the
                 surface
                 of
                 the
                 Earth
                 .
                 I
                 say
                 above
                 ;
                 because
                 I
                 have
                 several
                 times
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 without
                 heat
                 ,
                 combin'd
                 separately
                 invisible
                 fumes
                 of
                 differing
                 kinds
                 ,
                 into
                 manifestly
                 visible
                 ones
                 in
                 the
                 free
                 and
                 open
                 Air.
                 
              
               
                 And
                 that
                 the
                 Subterraneal
                 Effluvia
                 may
                 produce
                 effects
                 ,
                 and
                 therefore
                 probably
                 be
                 of
                 natures
                 ,
                 very
                 uncommon
                 ,
                 irregular
                 ,
                 and
                 if
                 I
                 may
                 so
                 speak
                 ,
                 extravagant
                 ,
                 may
                 appear
                 in
                 those
                 prodigious
                 Crosses
                 that
                 were
                 seen
                 in
                 our
                 time
                 ,
                 viz.
                 in
                 the
                 Year
                 1660.
                 in
                 the
                 Kingdom
                 of
                 Naples
                 ,
                 after
                 an
                 eruption
                 of
                 the
                 fiery
                 Mountain
                 Vesuvius
                 :
                 of
                 which
                 Prodigies
                 
                 the
                 Learned
                 Kircherus
                 has
                 given
                 an
                 account
                 in
                 a
                 particular
                 Diatribe
                 .
                 For
                 these
                 Crosses
                 were
                 seen
                 on
                 Linen
                 Garments
                 ,
                 as
                 Shirt-sleeves
                 ,
                 Womens
                 Aprons
                 ,
                 that
                 had
                 lain
                 open
                 to
                 the
                 Air
                 ,
                 and
                 upon
                 the
                 expos'd
                 parts
                 of
                 Sheets
                 ;
                 which
                 is
                 the
                 less
                 to
                 be
                 admired
                 ,
                 because
                 as
                 Kircher
                 fairly
                 guesses
                 ,
                 the
                 mineral
                 vapours
                 were
                 by
                 the
                 texture
                 that
                 belongs
                 to
                 Linen
                 [
                 which
                 consists
                 of
                 threads
                 crossing
                 one
                 another
                 for
                 the
                 most
                 part
                 at
                 or
                 near
                 right
                 Angles
                 ]
                 easily
                 determin'd
                 to
                 run
                 along
                 in
                 almost
                 streight
                 lines
                 ,
                 crossing
                 each
                 other
                 ,
                 and
                 consequently
                 to
                 frame
                 Spots
                 resembling
                 some
                 one
                 ,
                 and
                 some
                 another
                 kind
                 of
                 Crosses
                 .
                 These
                 were
                 extremely
                 numerous
                 in
                 several
                 Parts
                 of
                 the
                 Kingdom
                 of
                 Naples
                 :
                 insomuch
                 that
                 the
                 Jesuit
                 that
                 sent
                 the
                 Relation
                 to
                 Kircher
                 says
                 that
                 he
                 himself
                 found
                 thirty
                 in
                 one
                 Altar-cloth
                 ,
                 that
                 fifteen
                 were
                 found
                 upon
                 the
                 Smock
                 sleeve
                 of
                 a
                 Woman
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 he
                 reckoned
                 eight
                 in
                 a
                 Boy
                 's
                 Band
                 :
                 also
                 their
                 colour
                 and
                 magnitude
                 
                 were
                 very
                 unequal
                 ,
                 and
                 their
                 figures
                 discrepant
                 ,
                 as
                 may
                 appear
                 in
                 many
                 Pictures
                 of
                 them
                 drawn
                 by
                 the
                 Relatour
                 :
                 they
                 would
                 not
                 wash
                 out
                 with
                 simple
                 water
                 ,
                 but
                 requir'd
                 Soap
                 ;
                 their
                 duration
                 was
                 also
                 unequal
                 ,
                 some
                 lasting
                 ten
                 or
                 fifteen
                 days
                 ,
                 and
                 others
                 longer
                 before
                 they
                 disappear'd
                 .
                 And
                 these
                 Crosses
                 were
                 found
                 not
                 onely
                 upon
                 Linen
                 Garments
                 expos'd
                 to
                 the
                 Air
                 ,
                 but
                 upon
                 some
                 of
                 those
                 (
                 belonging
                 to
                 Altars
                 )
                 that
                 were
                 kept
                 lock'd
                 up
                 in
                 Chests
                 (
                 to
                 which
                 possibly
                 they
                 might
                 have
                 access
                 by
                 the
                 Key-holes
                 ,
                 or
                 some
                 unheeded
                 chinck
                 .
                 )
                 To
                 which
                 strange
                 Phaenomena
                 if
                 I
                 had
                 the
                 leisure
                 to
                 add
                 some
                 others
                 that
                 I
                 have
                 met
                 with
                 in
                 Agricola
                 ,
                 and
                 other
                 approved
                 Authours
                 ,
                 whose
                 Relations
                 my
                 memory
                 doth
                 not
                 now
                 serve
                 me
                 particularly
                 to
                 cite
                 ;
                 I
                 presume
                 it
                 would
                 appear
                 yet
                 more
                 probable
                 that
                 Subterraneal
                 Effluvia
                 may
                 now
                 and
                 then
                 be
                 of
                 a
                 very
                 Anomalous
                 nature
                 ,
                 and
                 produce
                 strange
                 effects
                 ,
                 and
                 among
                 them
                 
                 variety
                 of
                 Pestiferous
                 ones
                 in
                 the
                 Air.
                 
              
               
                 But
                 ,
                 to
                 add
                 this
                 upon
                 the
                 bye
                 :
                 though
                 I
                 fear
                 Physicians
                 will
                 not
                 be
                 able
                 to
                 discover
                 all
                 the
                 subterraneal
                 Bodies
                 whose
                 Effluvia
                 produce
                 or
                 contribute
                 to
                 the
                 Plague
                 :
                 yet
                 I
                 do
                 not
                 think
                 it
                 impossible
                 that
                 by
                 diligent
                 observations
                 and
                 trials
                 ,
                 sagacious
                 Men
                 may
                 discover
                 divers
                 of
                 them
                 ;
                 and
                 perhaps
                 Antidotes
                 against
                 them
                 .
              
               
                 And
                 though
                 the
                 business
                 of
                 this
                 Paper
                 be
                 to
                 treat
                 of
                 the
                 Causes
                 ,
                 not
                 the
                 Remedies
                 of
                 the
                 Plague
                 ;
                 yet
                 I
                 love
                 Mankind
                 too
                 well
                 ,
                 to
                 suppress
                 on
                 this
                 occasion
                 an
                 Observation
                 ,
                 that
                 ,
                 by
                 God's
                 blessing
                 ,
                 may
                 in
                 some
                 cases
                 ,
                 save
                 the
                 lives
                 of
                 many
                 .
                 In
                 the
                 late
                 great
                 Plague
                 that
                 swept
                 away
                 so
                 many
                 thousands
                 at
                 London
                 ,
                 there
                 staid
                 in
                 the
                 City
                 an
                 Ingenious
                 Physician
                 ,
                 that
                 was
                 bred
                 by
                 the
                 Learned
                 Diemerbroeck
                 ,
                 (
                 whose
                 Book
                 
                   De
                   Peste
                
                 ,
                 I
                 prefer
                 to
                 any
                 I
                 have
                 yet
                 read
                 of
                 that
                 Disease
                 .
                 )
                 This
                 Doctour
                 (
                 whose
                 name
                 I
                 am
                 
                 sorry
                 I
                 have
                 forgotten
                 )
                 hearing
                 that
                 I
                 was
                 desirous
                 to
                 receive
                 an
                 account
                 of
                 the
                 Plague
                 from
                 some
                 intelligent
                 Eye-witness
                 ,
                 and
                 having
                 soon
                 after
                 some
                 occasion
                 to
                 pass
                 near
                 the
                 Place
                 in
                 the
                 Countrey
                 where
                 I
                 then
                 resided
                 ,
                 was
                 pleas'd
                 to
                 give
                 me
                 a
                 visit
                 ,
                 and
                 a
                 rational
                 account
                 of
                 the
                 main
                 things
                 I
                 desired
                 to
                 know
                 ;
                 and
                 when
                 I
                 inquired
                 about
                 his
                 method
                 of
                 Cure
                 ,
                 after
                 he
                 had
                 told
                 me
                 that
                 he
                 had
                 twice
                 had
                 the
                 Plague
                 himself
                 ,
                 whereof
                 he
                 shewed
                 me
                 some
                 effects
                 ;
                 he
                 added
                 ,
                 that
                 after
                 many
                 and
                 various
                 trials
                 ,
                 he
                 perceiv'd
                 that
                 abundance
                 of
                 his
                 Patients
                 died
                 ,
                 after
                 the
                 Bubos
                 ,
                 (
                 Carbuncles
                 )
                 or
                 Pestilential
                 Tumours
                 appear'd
                 ;
                 because
                 upon
                 a
                 little
                 refrigeration
                 of
                 the
                 Body
                 by
                 the
                 Air
                 ,
                 and
                 oftentimes
                 by
                 the
                 very
                 fear
                 that
                 disheartened
                 the
                 Patient
                 ,
                 the
                 Tumours
                 would
                 suddenly
                 subside
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Pestilential
                 Matter
                 recoiling
                 upon
                 the
                 Vital
                 Parts
                 ,
                 would
                 quickly
                 dispatch
                 the
                 fatal
                 work
                 .
                 Wherefore
                 he
                 bethought
                 himself
                 of
                 
                 a
                 method
                 ,
                 by
                 means
                 of
                 which
                 he
                 assur'd
                 me
                 ,
                 he
                 had
                 not
                 lost
                 one
                 Patient
                 of
                 very
                 many
                 he
                 treated
                 ;
                 if
                 he
                 could
                 but
                 ,
                 as
                 he
                 usually
                 did
                 ,
                 by
                 good
                 Alexipharmical
                 ,
                 and
                 Cordial
                 Remedies
                 ,
                 enable
                 and
                 excite
                 Nature
                 to
                 expell
                 the
                 peccant
                 Matter
                 into
                 a
                 Tumour
                 ;
                 for
                 then
                 he
                 presently
                 clapp'd
                 on
                 an
                 appropriated
                 drawing
                 Plaster
                 ,
                 which
                 would
                 never
                 suffer
                 the
                 Tumour
                 to
                 subside
                 ;
                 but
                 break
                 it
                 ,
                 or
                 make
                 it
                 fit
                 for
                 opening
                 ,
                 and
                 thereby
                 give
                 Nature
                 a
                 convenient
                 vent
                 ,
                 at
                 which
                 to
                 discharge
                 the
                 matter
                 that
                 oppress'd
                 her
                 .
                 This
                 Plaster
                 't
                 will
                 easily
                 be
                 thought
                 I
                 was
                 desirous
                 to
                 know
                 ;
                 and
                 he
                 told
                 me
                 't
                 was
                 a
                 Chymical
                 one
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 't
                 was
                 no
                 other
                 than
                 the
                 
                   Magnes
                   Arsenicalis
                
                 of
                 
                   Angelus
                   sala
                
                 ,
                 whose
                 description
                 ,
                 because
                 the
                 Book
                 wherein
                 't
                 is
                 found
                 ,
                 is
                 in
                 few
                 hands
                 ,
                 I
                 have
                 here
                 annext
                 .
                 If
                 this
                 prove
                 as
                 successfull
                 in
                 other
                 Plagues
                 ,
                 as
                 it
                 did
                 to
                 those
                 that
                 us'd
                 it
                 in
                 that
                 of
                 London
                 ;
                 there
                 will
                 be
                 just
                 cause
                 to
                 admire
                 and
                 praise
                 the
                 benignity
                 of
                 Divine
                 
                 Providence
                 ,
                 which
                 in
                 a
                 poisonous
                 Mineral
                 ,
                 that
                 probably
                 does
                 oftentimes
                 concur
                 to
                 produce
                 the
                 Plague
                 ,
                 has
                 laid
                 up
                 a
                 remedy
                 for
                 it
                 .
              
               
                 
                   
                     
                       
                         Emplastrum
                         attractivum
                         Pestilentiale
                         nostrum
                         .
                      
                       
                         ℞
                         
                           Gummi
                           Sagapeni
                           ,
                           Ammoniaci
                           ,
                           Galbani
                           an
                           .
                        
                         ℥
                         iii.
                         
                           Terebinthinae
                           coctae
                           ,
                           cerae
                           virginis
                           ana
                        
                         ℥
                         ivss
                         .
                         
                           Magnetis
                           Arsenicalis
                           subtiliter
                           pulverisati
                        
                         ℥
                         ii
                         .
                         
                           radic
                           '
                           Aronis
                           pulverisat
                           '
                        
                         ℥
                         i.
                         
                           Gummi
                           depurentur
                           cum
                           aceto
                           scyllitico
                           ,
                           &
                           ad
                           consistentiam
                           Emplastri
                           coquantur
                           ,
                           &
                           postea
                           ponderentur
                           ,
                           deinde
                           cum
                           rebus
                           aliis
                           fiat
                           Emplastrum
                           lege
                           artis
                           ,
                           hoc
                           Emplastro
                           Carbunculus
                           obducatur
                           ,
                           quod
                           paucis
                           horis
                           venenum
                           extrahit
                           .
                        
                      
                    
                     
                       
                         Praeparatio
                         Magnetis
                         Arsenicalis
                         antea
                         dicti
                         .
                      
                       
                         ℞
                         
                           Arsenici
                           Chrystallini
                           ,
                           sulphuris
                           vitri
                           ,
                           antimonii
                           crudi
                           ana
                           ,
                           haec
                           tria
                           in
                           mortario
                           ferreo
                           pulverisentur
                           ,
                           in
                           vase
                        
                         
                         
                           fortissimo
                           vitreo
                           ,
                           ponantur
                           ad
                           ignem
                           arenae
                           donec
                           vitrum
                           optimè
                           incalcscat
                           ,
                           &
                           praedicta
                           solvantur
                           &
                           liquentur
                           instar
                           picis
                           ,
                           quod
                           observabitur
                           quando
                           filum
                           quoddam
                           immittitur
                           in
                           fundum
                           quod
                           extractum
                           postea
                           instar
                           Terebinthinae
                           trahetur
                           ubi
                           satis
                           coctum
                           erit
                           ,
                           postea
                           remove
                           vitrum
                           ab
                           igne
                           ,
                           &
                           ubi
                           refrigeratum
                           est
                           rumpe
                           ,
                           &
                           subtiliter
                           pulverisa
                           ,
                           &
                           ad
                           usum
                           serva
                           .
                        
                      
                    
                  
                
              
               
                 By
                 the
                 same
                 motive
                 
                   (
                   Philanthropy
                
                 )
                 I
                 am
                 induc'd
                 to
                 add
                 on
                 this
                 occasion
                 ,
                 that
                 having
                 had
                 some
                 opportunity
                 to
                 oblige
                 an
                 ancient
                 and
                 very
                 experienc'd
                 Physician
                 ,
                 to
                 whose
                 care
                 was
                 committed
                 a
                 great
                 Pesthouse
                 ,
                 where
                 the
                 Contagion
                 was
                 so
                 strong
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 lost
                 three
                 Physicians
                 that
                 were
                 to
                 be
                 Assistants
                 to
                 him
                 ,
                 and
                 three
                 Chirurgeons
                 of
                 four
                 that
                 were
                 to
                 be
                 subservient
                 to
                 him
                 ;
                 I
                 disir'd
                 to
                 learn
                 of
                 him
                 ,
                 if
                 he
                 counted
                 it
                 not
                 too
                 great
                 a
                 secret
                 ,
                 what
                 Antidote
                 he
                 us'd
                 to
                 preserve
                 himself
                 from
                 so
                 violent
                 and
                 fatal
                 an
                 Infection
                 .
                 This
                 request
                 
                 he
                 readily
                 granted
                 ,
                 but
                 withall
                 told
                 me
                 ,
                 that
                 his
                 method
                 would
                 not
                 seem
                 to
                 me
                 worth
                 mentioning
                 ,
                 if
                 I
                 were
                 one
                 that
                 valu'd
                 Medicines
                 by
                 their
                 Pompousness
                 ,
                 not
                 their
                 Utility
                 .
                 For
                 ,
                 besides
                 ardent
                 Prayers
                 to
                 God
                 ,
                 and
                 a
                 very
                 regular
                 Diet
                 ,
                 his
                 constant
                 Antidote
                 was
                 onely
                 ,
                 to
                 take
                 every
                 Morning
                 fasting
                 a
                 little
                 Sea-salt
                 dissolv'd
                 in
                 a
                 few
                 spoonfulls
                 of
                 fair
                 Water
                 ;
                 which
                 he
                 made
                 choice
                 of
                 ,
                 both
                 because
                 it
                 kept
                 his
                 Body
                 soluble
                 without
                 purging
                 or
                 weakning
                 it
                 ,
                 and
                 for
                 other
                 Reasons
                 which
                 I
                 must
                 not
                 now
                 stay
                 to
                 set
                 down
                 .
                 I
                 know
                 this
                 Medicine
                 may
                 appear
                 a
                 despicable
                 one
                 ;
                 but
                 yet
                 in
                 my
                 Opinion
                 it
                 ought
                 not
                 to
                 be
                 despis'd
                 ,
                 after
                 such
                 Experience
                 as
                 I
                 have
                 related
                 has
                 recommended
                 it
                 .
                 For
                 I
                 think
                 it
                 desirable
                 ,
                 that
                 notice
                 be
                 taken
                 of
                 all
                 Remedies
                 ,
                 that
                 have
                 been
                 found
                 by
                 good
                 Trials
                 ,
                 not
                 bare
                 Conjectures
                 or
                 uncertain
                 Reports
                 ,
                 available
                 against
                 the
                 Plague
                 .
                 For
                 ,
                 since
                 Pestilences
                 ,
                 as
                 we
                 have
                 lately
                 noted
                 ,
                 are
                 exceeding
                 various
                 
                 in
                 their
                 kinds
                 ,
                 't
                 is
                 very
                 possible
                 ,
                 and
                 not
                 unlikely
                 ,
                 that
                 their
                 Appropriated
                 Remedies
                 may
                 be
                 so
                 too
                 .
                 And
                 therefore
                 I
                 would
                 not
                 easily
                 lay
                 aside
                 every
                 Medicine
                 ,
                 that
                 this
                 or
                 that
                 Learned
                 Physician
                 may
                 speak
                 slightly
                 of
                 ,
                 or
                 even
                 may
                 declare
                 that
                 he
                 has
                 found
                 it
                 unsuccessfull
                 against
                 the
                 Plague
                 ;
                 since
                 the
                 same
                 Medicine
                 may
                 be
                 available
                 in
                 a
                 Pestilence
                 of
                 another
                 kind
                 ,
                 in
                 which
                 perhaps
                 the
                 Remedies
                 commended
                 by
                 the
                 Physician
                 we
                 speak
                 of
                 ,
                 will
                 be
                 found
                 inefficacious
                 .
              
               
                 This
                 Consideration
                 forbids
                 me
                 to
                 pass
                 by
                 what
                 happen'd
                 to
                 me
                 in
                 the
                 great
                 London
                 Plague
                 above-mention'd
                 ;
                 namely
                 ,
                 that
                 a
                 very
                 Learned
                 Physician
                 having
                 once
                 recommended
                 to
                 me
                 an
                 Herb
                 little
                 noted
                 in
                 England
                 ,
                 as
                 a
                 most
                 effectual
                 and
                 experienced
                 Antidote
                 against
                 the
                 Plague
                 ,
                 I
                 caus'd
                 it
                 to
                 be
                 cultivated
                 in
                 a
                 Garden
                 (
                 as
                 I
                 still
                 do
                 every
                 year
                 ;
                 )
                 and
                 when
                 the
                 Pestilence
                 raged
                 most
                 ,
                 having
                 some
                 of
                 it
                 by
                 me
                 ,
                 made
                 up
                 with
                 a
                 little
                 Sugar
                 in
                 the
                 
                 form
                 of
                 a
                 fine
                 green
                 Conserve
                 ,
                 I
                 sent
                 it
                 to
                 two
                 infected
                 Persons
                 ,
                 who
                 ,
                 by
                 the
                 Divine
                 Benediction
                 on
                 it
                 ,
                 both
                 of
                 them
                 recover'd
                 .
                 But
                 having
                 made
                 but
                 those
                 two
                 Trials
                 ,
                 I
                 dare
                 not
                 ground
                 much
                 upon
                 them
                 onely
                 ;
                 though
                 I
                 usually
                 keep
                 the
                 Plant
                 growing
                 in
                 a
                 Garden
                 ,
                 partly
                 because
                 both
                 the
                 Taste
                 and
                 Colour
                 ;
                 one
                 or
                 other
                 of
                 which
                 in
                 most
                 Antidotes
                 is
                 offensive
                 ,
                 are
                 in
                 this
                 pleasant
                 ;
                 and
                 partly
                 because
                 some
                 little
                 Experience
                 has
                 invited
                 me
                 to
                 believe
                 the
                 Commendations
                 that
                 I
                 have
                 found
                 given
                 of
                 it
                 ,
                 against
                 the
                 Bitings
                 of
                 venomous
                 Creatures
                 :
                 whereof
                 I
                 remember
                 a
                 notable
                 Instance
                 is
                 recorded
                 by
                 
                   Petrus
                   Spehrerius
                
                 of
                 a
                 
                 Roman
                 ,
                 who
                 having
                 with
                 his
                 Staff
                 pierc'd
                 or
                 crush'd
                 a
                 Viper
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 took
                 to
                 be
                 dead
                 ,
                 had
                 so
                 strong
                 a
                 Venom
                 transmitted
                 along
                 the
                 Staff
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 insuing
                 Night
                 he
                 had
                 a
                 very
                 great
                 Inflammation
                 in
                 both
                 his
                 Lips
                 ,
                 to
                 
                 which
                 superven'd
                 an
                 exceeding
                 Ardent
                 Fever
                 and
                 strange
                 Tortures
                 ;
                 from
                 all
                 which
                 
                   Serianus
                   Pacyonius
                
                 ,
                 a
                 noted
                 Physician
                 that
                 was
                 call'd
                 to
                 him
                 ,
                 free'd
                 him
                 as
                 it
                 were
                 by
                 Miracle
                 ,
                 by
                 the
                 Juice
                 of
                 Goats-rue
                 ,
                 or
                 as
                 others
                 call
                 it
                 Galega
                 ,
                 that
                 grew
                 copiously
                 in
                 that
                 Place
                 .
                 It
                 may
                 without
                 disgust
                 be
                 taken
                 somewhat
                 plentifully
                 ,
                 (
                 and
                 so
                 it
                 ought
                 to
                 be
                 )
                 in
                 its
                 entire
                 substance
                 as
                 a
                 Salad
                 ;
                 or
                 else
                 one
                 may
                 give
                 its
                 Conserve
                 ,
                 its
                 Syrup
                 ,
                 or
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 better
                 ,
                 its
                 Juice
                 newly
                 express'd
                 .
              
               
                 (
                 3.
                 )
                 It
                 likewise
                 agrees
                 with
                 our
                 Hypothesis
                 ;
                 that
                 sometimes
                 the
                 Plague
                 ceases
                 ,
                 or
                 at
                 least
                 very
                 notably
                 abates
                 of
                 its
                 Infectiousness
                 and
                 Malignity
                 ,
                 in
                 far
                 less
                 time
                 than
                 according
                 to
                 the
                 wonted
                 course
                 of
                 that
                 ravenous
                 Disease
                 ,
                 Physicians
                 did
                 ,
                 or
                 rationally
                 could
                 expect
                 .
                 For
                 sometimes
                 it
                 may
                 happen
                 ,
                 that
                 ,
                 though
                 the
                 Temperature
                 or
                 Intemperateness
                 of
                 the
                 Air
                 continues
                 the
                 same
                 ,
                 the
                 matter
                 that
                 afforded
                 the
                 Pestiferous
                 Exhalations
                 may
                 be
                 either
                 
                 spent
                 under
                 ground
                 ,
                 or
                 so
                 alter'd
                 by
                 combination
                 with
                 other
                 subterraneal
                 Bodies
                 ,
                 or
                 by
                 some
                 of
                 those
                 many
                 Accidents
                 that
                 may
                 happen
                 ,
                 altogether
                 unknown
                 to
                 us
                 ,
                 in
                 those
                 deep
                 and
                 dark
                 Recesses
                 .
                 And
                 if
                 once
                 the
                 Fountain
                 of
                 these
                 noxious
                 Effluvia
                 be
                 stopt
                 ,
                 so
                 that
                 those
                 that
                 are
                 in
                 the
                 Air
                 cease
                 to
                 be
                 recruited
                 ,
                 the
                 Wind
                 and
                 other
                 causes
                 may
                 in
                 a
                 short
                 time
                 dissipate
                 them
                 ,
                 or
                 at
                 least
                 dilute
                 them
                 with
                 innocent
                 Air
                 ,
                 so
                 far
                 ,
                 as
                 to
                 keep
                 the
                 Disease
                 they
                 produc'd
                 from
                 being
                 any
                 thing
                 near
                 so
                 mischievous
                 as
                 before
                 .
                 And
                 here
                 I
                 consider
                 ,
                 that
                 it
                 may
                 several
                 times
                 happen
                 ,
                 that
                 ,
                 though
                 the
                 Minerals
                 that
                 emit
                 the
                 hurtfull
                 Expirations
                 ,
                 remain
                 where
                 they
                 were
                 under
                 ground
                 ,
                 and
                 be
                 not
                 considerably
                 wasted
                 ,
                 yet
                 their
                 fatal
                 Effects
                 may
                 not
                 be
                 lasting
                 ,
                 because
                 the
                 Effluvia
                 were
                 generated
                 by
                 the
                 conflict
                 of
                 two
                 or
                 more
                 of
                 them
                 ,
                 which
                 vehemently
                 agitated
                 one
                 another
                 ,
                 and
                 sent
                 up
                 fumes
                 ,
                 which
                 ceas'd
                 to
                 ascend
                 ,
                 at
                 least
                 in
                 great
                 plenty
                 ,
                 when
                 
                 the
                 Conflict
                 and
                 Agitation
                 ceas'd
                 .
                 As
                 ,
                 I
                 have
                 try'd
                 that
                 by
                 putting
                 good
                 Spirit
                 of
                 Salt
                 upon
                 Filings
                 of
                 Steel
                 or
                 Iron
                 in
                 a
                 conveniently
                 shap'd
                 Glass
                 ,
                 there
                 will
                 be
                 made
                 a
                 great
                 conflict
                 between
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 without
                 the
                 help
                 of
                 external
                 Heat
                 ,
                 there
                 will
                 be
                 sent
                 up
                 into
                 the
                 Air
                 store
                 of
                 visible
                 Fumes
                 of
                 a
                 very
                 Sulphureous
                 Odour
                 ,
                 and
                 easily
                 inflammable
                 ,
                 which
                 copious
                 elevation
                 of
                 Fumes
                 will
                 lessen
                 or
                 cease
                 ,
                 as
                 does
                 the
                 tumultuous
                 agitation
                 that
                 produc'd
                 them
                 .
                 And
                 so
                 likewise
                 ,
                 if
                 you
                 pour
                 
                   Aqua
                   fortis
                
                 upon
                 a
                 convenient
                 proportion
                 of
                 Salt
                 of
                 Tartar
                 ,
                 there
                 will
                 be
                 at
                 first
                 a
                 great
                 ebullition
                 produc'd
                 ,
                 and
                 ,
                 whilst
                 that
                 continues
                 ,
                 store
                 of
                 red
                 and
                 noisome
                 Fumes
                 will
                 be
                 elevated
                 ,
                 but
                 will
                 not
                 long
                 outlast
                 the
                 commotion
                 of
                 the
                 mixture
                 ,
                 whose
                 active
                 parts
                 will
                 in
                 no
                 long
                 time
                 combine
                 into
                 a
                 kind
                 of
                 nitrous
                 Salt
                 ,
                 wherein
                 the
                 noxious
                 parts
                 of
                 the
                 Menstruum
                 are
                 as
                 it
                 were
                 pinion'd
                 ,
                 and
                 hinder'd
                 from
                 evaporating
                 or
                 ascending
                 ,
                 though
                 really
                 
                 they
                 retain
                 much
                 of
                 their
                 pristine
                 nature
                 ,
                 as
                 I
                 elsewhere
                 shew
                 .
              
               
                 It
                 may
                 also
                 happen
                 ,
                 that
                 soon
                 after
                 that
                 commotion
                 of
                 subterraneal
                 Matter
                 ,
                 which
                 sent
                 forth
                 pestiferous
                 Exhalations
                 ,
                 a
                 more
                 intense
                 degree
                 of
                 subterraneal
                 Heat
                 ,
                 or
                 perhaps
                 the
                 same
                 latent
                 Fire
                 ,
                 extending
                 it self
                 farther
                 and
                 farther
                 ,
                 may
                 force
                 up
                 Fumes
                 of
                 another
                 sort
                 ,
                 that
                 being
                 of
                 a
                 contrary
                 nature
                 ,
                 may
                 be
                 ,
                 if
                 I
                 may
                 so
                 speak
                 ,
                 antidotal
                 against
                 the
                 former
                 ;
                 and
                 by
                 precipitating
                 them
                 ,
                 or
                 combining
                 with
                 them
                 ,
                 may
                 disable
                 them
                 from
                 acting
                 so
                 mischievously
                 as
                 otherwise
                 they
                 would
                 .
                 To
                 countenance
                 which
                 I
                 shall
                 tell
                 you
                 ,
                 that
                 I
                 have
                 sometimes
                 purposely
                 made
                 Distillations
                 ,
                 in
                 which
                 one
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 Matter
                 being
                 ,
                 after
                 the
                 operation
                 ended
                 ,
                 put
                 to
                 the
                 other
                 ,
                 there
                 will
                 ensue
                 a
                 sudden
                 and
                 manifest
                 conflict
                 between
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 sometimes
                 an
                 intense
                 degree
                 of
                 Heat
                 .
                 And
                 that
                 mineral
                 Exhalations
                 ,
                 though
                 otherwise
                 not
                 wholesome
                 ,
                 may
                 disable
                 pestiferous
                 Effluvia
                 ,
                 
                 may
                 be
                 gather'd
                 from
                 what
                 I
                 lately
                 noted
                 about
                 a
                 Countrey
                 ,
                 which
                 abounding
                 with
                 veins
                 of
                 Cinnabar
                 ,
                 was
                 ,
                 probably
                 by
                 their
                 expirations
                 ,
                 preserved
                 from
                 the
                 Pestilence
                 .
                 And
                 our
                 Hypothesis
                 will
                 perhaps
                 appear
                 somewhat
                 the
                 more
                 probable
                 ,
                 if
                 we
                 reflect
                 on
                 what
                 I
                 lately
                 mention'd
                 of
                 the
                 sudden
                 check
                 ,
                 that
                 is
                 almost
                 every
                 Summer
                 given
                 to
                 the
                 Plague
                 ,
                 which
                 at
                 that
                 time
                 is
                 wont
                 to
                 reign
                 at
                 
                   Grand
                   Cairo
                
                 .
                 For
                 since
                 't
                 is
                 generally
                 observ'd
                 and
                 complain'd
                 of
                 ,
                 that
                 Morbifick
                 Causes
                 doe
                 their
                 work
                 much
                 more
                 effectually
                 than
                 Sanative
                 ones
                 .
                 It
                 seems
                 very
                 probable
                 that
                 Exhalations
                 ascending
                 from
                 under-ground
                 into
                 the
                 Atmosphere
                 ,
                 may
                 be
                 capable
                 of
                 producing
                 pestilential
                 Fevers
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Plague
                 it self
                 ,
                 since
                 those
                 Corpuscles
                 that
                 impregnate
                 the
                 Egyptian
                 Air
                 upon
                 the
                 swelling
                 of
                 the
                 Nile
                 ,
                 are
                 able
                 to
                 put
                 a
                 speedy
                 stop
                 ,
                 not
                 onely
                 to
                 the
                 contagiousness
                 ,
                 but
                 to
                 the
                 malignity
                 of
                 the
                 Plague
                 ,
                 even
                 when
                 't
                 is
                 assisted
                 by
                 the
                 Summer
                 
                 Heat
                 ,
                 which
                 at
                 
                   Grand
                   Cairo
                
                 is
                 wont
                 to
                 be
                 excessive
                 .
              
               
                 But
                 having
                 insisted
                 perhaps
                 too
                 long
                 on
                 this
                 Egyptian
                 Pestilence
                 ,
                 I
                 shall
                 onely
                 add
                 ,
                 by
                 way
                 of
                 Illustration
                 of
                 the
                 Conjecture
                 that
                 invited
                 me
                 to
                 mention
                 it
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 accession
                 even
                 of
                 Expirations
                 that
                 are
                 not
                 themselves
                 wholsome
                 ,
                 may
                 sometimes
                 serve
                 to
                 correct
                 the
                 Air
                 ,
                 and
                 put
                 a
                 sudden
                 check
                 to
                 an
                 Epidemical
                 Disease
                 .
                 For
                 Corpuscles
                 of
                 differing
                 kinds
                 may
                 by
                 their
                 Coalitions
                 acquire
                 new
                 Qualities
                 ,
                 and
                 each
                 sort
                 of
                 them
                 lose
                 some
                 of
                 those
                 they
                 had
                 before
                 :
                 as
                 ,
                 suppose
                 there
                 wander'd
                 in
                 the
                 Air
                 a
                 great
                 many
                 Effluvia
                 ,
                 which
                 by
                 their
                 determinate
                 shape
                 and
                 bulk
                 were
                 apt
                 to
                 corrode
                 or
                 irritate
                 the
                 Lungs
                 ,
                 or
                 the
                 Membranes
                 of
                 the
                 Brain
                 ,
                 &c.
                 as
                 those
                 of
                 Nitre
                 are
                 to
                 corrode
                 Silver
                 ;
                 it
                 may
                 happen
                 that
                 another
                 sort
                 of
                 Reeks
                 ,
                 though
                 in
                 their
                 own
                 nature
                 unwholsome
                 ,
                 may
                 ,
                 by
                 associating
                 themselves
                 with
                 the
                 first
                 sort
                 ,
                 and
                 composing
                 with
                 them
                 Curpuscles
                 of
                 
                 new
                 qualities
                 ,
                 abolish
                 or
                 much
                 weaken
                 the
                 noxious
                 ones
                 they
                 had
                 before
                 ,
                 in
                 reference
                 to
                 this
                 or
                 that
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 Humane
                 Body
                 .
                 Though
                 the
                 Spirits
                 of
                 Salt-peter
                 will
                 readily
                 corrode
                 Silver
                 ,
                 yet
                 if
                 you
                 add
                 to
                 them
                 (
                 as
                 for
                 some
                 purposes
                 I
                 am
                 wont
                 to
                 do
                 )
                 about
                 half
                 as
                 much
                 or
                 less
                 of
                 the
                 spirituous
                 Particles
                 of
                 common
                 Salt
                 ,
                 (
                 which
                 yet
                 are
                 corrosive
                 enough
                 ,
                 and
                 will
                 fret
                 asunder
                 the
                 parts
                 of
                 Iron
                 ,
                 Copper
                 ,
                 Antimony
                 ,
                 &c.
                 )
                 there
                 will
                 emerge
                 a
                 Body
                 that
                 will
                 not
                 at
                 all
                 corrode
                 pure
                 Silver
                 .
              
            
             
               
               
                 PROPOSITION
                 IV.
                 
              
               
                 
                   
                     T
                     is
                     very
                     probable
                     ,
                     that
                     most
                     of
                     the
                     Diseases
                     that
                     even
                     Physicians
                     call
                     New
                     ones
                     ,
                     are
                     caus'd
                     either
                     chiefly
                     or
                     concurrently
                     by
                     Subterraneal
                     Steams
                     .
                  
                
              
               
                 THE
                 Product
                 of
                 my
                 first
                 Endeavours
                 to
                 bring
                 credit
                 to
                 the
                 foregoing
                 Proposition
                 ,
                 appearing
                 to
                 have
                 miscarry'd
                 ,
                 when
                 I
                 came
                 to
                 send
                 to
                 the
                 Press
                 the
                 things
                 I
                 had
                 written
                 about
                 it
                 ;
                 that
                 at
                 least
                 what
                 can
                 be
                 preserv'd
                 of
                 it
                 may
                 not
                 be
                 lost
                 ,
                 I
                 shall
                 substitute
                 in
                 stead
                 of
                 it
                 the
                 following
                 Account
                 .
              
               
                 At
                 the
                 entrance
                 of
                 my
                 Discourse
                 I
                 observ'd
                 that
                 the
                 Term
                 
                   new
                   Disease
                
                 was
                 much
                 abused
                 by
                 the
                 Vulgar
                 ,
                 who
                 are
                 wont
                 to
                 give
                 that
                 Title
                 to
                 almost
                 every
                 Fever
                 ,
                 that
                 ,
                 in
                 Autumn
                 especially
                 ,
                 varies
                 a
                 little
                 in
                 its
                 Symptoms
                 ,
                 or
                 other
                 Circumstances
                 ,
                 from
                 the
                 Fevers
                 of
                 the
                 foregoing
                 
                 Year
                 or
                 Season
                 .
                 And
                 therefore
                 I
                 declared
                 ,
                 that
                 by
                 
                   new
                   Diseases
                
                 I
                 meant
                 onely
                 such
                 ,
                 whose
                 Symptoms
                 were
                 so
                 uncommon
                 ,
                 that
                 Physicians
                 themselves
                 judged
                 them
                 to
                 deserve
                 that
                 appellation
                 ;
                 Such
                 ,
                 for
                 instance
                 ,
                 as
                 the
                 
                   Sudor
                   Anglicus
                
                 or
                 Sweating
                 Sickness
                 ;
                 that
                 Disease
                 which
                 the
                 learned
                 Wierus
                 and
                 others
                 call
                 in
                 Dutch
                 
                   Die
                   Varen
                
                 ;
                 an
                 unheard-of
                 Disease
                 describ'd
                 by
                 Ronseius
                 ,
                 that
                 in
                 the
                 Year
                 1581
                 invaded
                 and
                 destroy'd
                 many
                 in
                 the
                 Dukedom
                 of
                 Lunenburg
                 ;
                 to
                 which
                 many
                 Physicians
                 add
                 the
                 Rickets
                 ,
                 and
                 others
                 generally
                 the
                 
                   Lues
                   Venerea
                
                 .
                 Having
                 clear'd
                 the
                 Terms
                 ,
                 I
                 next
                 consider'd
                 whether
                 there
                 were
                 really
                 any
                 
                   new
                   Diseases
                
                 properly
                 so
                 call'd
                 ,
                 and
                 gave
                 some
                 reasons
                 to
                 suspect
                 that
                 some
                 Diseases
                 ,
                 which
                 among
                 Physicians
                 themselves
                 have
                 pass'd
                 for
                 New
                 ,
                 were
                 extant
                 before
                 
                   in
                   rerum
                   natura
                
                 ,
                 though
                 not
                 in
                 the
                 Countrey
                 wherein
                 even
                 the
                 learned
                 judg'd
                 them
                 to
                 be
                 new
                 .
                 And
                 I
                 intimated
                 ,
                 that
                 to
                 examine
                 this
                 Suspicion
                 throughly
                 ,
                 't
                 is
                 not
                 safe
                 
                 to
                 acquiesce
                 in
                 the
                 Books
                 of
                 Physicians
                 onely
                 ;
                 but
                 't
                 is
                 fit
                 to
                 consult
                 the
                 Writings
                 of
                 Geographers
                 ,
                 whether
                 ancient
                 (
                 among
                 whom
                 I
                 particularly
                 recommended
                 Strabo
                 )
                 or
                 Modern
                 ,
                 together
                 with
                 the
                 Relations
                 of
                 Historians
                 ,
                 Navigators
                 and
                 other
                 Travellers
                 .
                 And
                 here
                 I
                 inquired
                 ,
                 without
                 determining
                 any
                 thing
                 ,
                 whether
                 the
                 
                   Lues
                   Venerea
                
                 be
                 ,
                 as
                 most
                 Physicians
                 are
                 wont
                 to
                 suppose
                 a
                 Disease
                 wholly
                 new
                 ,
                 or
                 onely
                 new
                 to
                 our
                 European
                 World
                 ,
                 and
                 brought
                 hither
                 from
                 some
                 African
                 or
                 other
                 remote
                 Region
                 ,
                 where
                 it
                 may
                 be
                 probably
                 suspected
                 to
                 have
                 long
                 been
                 Endemical
                 .
              
               
                 But
                 taking
                 it
                 for
                 granted
                 ,
                 with
                 the
                 generality
                 of
                 Physicians
                 ,
                 that
                 some
                 new
                 Diseases
                 are
                 to
                 be
                 admitted
                 ;
                 I
                 advanced
                 to
                 consider
                 some
                 of
                 the
                 Causes
                 ,
                 to
                 which
                 they
                 may
                 be
                 imputed
                 ;
                 And
                 to
                 give
                 some
                 reasons
                 ,
                 why
                 I
                 do'nt
                 acquiesce
                 in
                 their
                 Opinion
                 ,
                 though
                 very
                 general
                 ,
                 that
                 derive
                 them
                 onely
                 or
                 chiefly
                 from
                 the
                 varying
                 influences
                 of
                 the
                 Heavenly
                 
                 Bodies
                 .
                 For
                 the
                 most
                 powerfull
                 of
                 those
                 ,
                 namely
                 the
                 Sun
                 and
                 Moon
                 ,
                 act
                 in
                 too
                 general
                 and
                 indeterminate
                 a
                 way
                 ,
                 to
                 afford
                 a
                 sufficient
                 account
                 of
                 this
                 affair
                 .
                 And
                 as
                 for
                 the
                 other
                 Lights
                 ,
                 the
                 fixt
                 Stars
                 ,
                 besides
                 their
                 being
                 universal
                 and
                 indefinite
                 agents
                 ,
                 their
                 scarce
                 measurable
                 remoteness
                 makes
                 it
                 justly
                 questionable
                 ,
                 whether
                 they
                 have
                 any
                 sensible
                 Operation
                 upon
                 any
                 part
                 of
                 our
                 Bodies
                 ,
                 save
                 our
                 Eyes
                 .
                 And
                 ,
                 though
                 I
                 deny
                 not
                 that
                 great
                 intemperateness
                 of
                 the
                 Air
                 ,
                 as
                 to
                 the
                 four
                 first
                 Qualities
                 ,
                 as
                 Heat
                 ,
                 Cold
                 ,
                 Driness
                 and
                 Moisture
                 ,
                 are
                 wont
                 (
                 not
                 over
                 justly
                 )
                 to
                 be
                 call'd
                 ,
                 may
                 dispose
                 mens
                 Bodies
                 to
                 several
                 great
                 Distempers
                 ,
                 and
                 may
                 also
                 be
                 concurrent
                 causes
                 of
                 those
                 we
                 are
                 speaking
                 of
                 :
                 yet
                 neither
                 can
                 I
                 acquiesce
                 in
                 these
                 ,
                 when
                 I
                 consider
                 how
                 much
                 more
                 frequently
                 they
                 happen
                 ,
                 than
                 new
                 Diseases
                 do
                 ;
                 and
                 that
                 their
                 action
                 ,
                 though
                 various
                 ,
                 is
                 too
                 general
                 and
                 indeterminate
                 to
                 perswade
                 me
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 can
                 be
                 the
                 adequate
                 causes
                 of
                 effects
                 so
                 rare
                 and
                 
                 anomalous
                 ▪
                 as
                 Diseases
                 odd
                 enough
                 to
                 deserve
                 the
                 Title
                 of
                 new
                 .
              
               
                 But
                 now
                 ;
                 the
                 Subterranean
                 Region
                 of
                 our
                 Globe
                 ,
                 besides
                 that
                 it
                 is
                 always
                 near
                 us
                 ,
                 abounds
                 with
                 variety
                 of
                 noxious
                 Minerals
                 ,
                 and
                 probably
                 conceals
                 great
                 quantities
                 of
                 differing
                 sorts
                 of
                 them
                 ,
                 that
                 are
                 yet
                 unknown
                 to
                 us
                 .
                 And
                 
                 since
                 we
                 have
                 elsewhere
                 proved
                 ,
                 that
                 there
                 want
                 not
                 causes
                 in
                 the
                 Bowels
                 of
                 the
                 Earth
                 ,
                 to
                 make
                 great
                 and
                 irregular
                 ,
                 and
                 Sometimes
                 sudden
                 Confluxes
                 ,
                 Conflicts
                 ,
                 Dissipations
                 ,
                 and
                 other
                 considerable
                 Changes
                 ,
                 amongst
                 the
                 Materials
                 ,
                 that
                 nature
                 has
                 plentifully
                 treasured
                 up
                 in
                 those
                 her
                 secret
                 Magazins
                 .
                 And
                 since
                 ,
                 in
                 making
                 out
                 the
                 three
                 former
                 Propositions
                 ,
                 we
                 have
                 manifested
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 Subterraneal
                 parts
                 of
                 the
                 Globe
                 we
                 inhabit
                 ,
                 may
                 plentifully
                 send
                 up
                 Noxious
                 Effluvia
                 of
                 several
                 kinds
                 into
                 the
                 Air
                 ;
                 it
                 ought
                 not
                 to
                 seem
                 improbable
                 that
                 among
                 this
                 Emergent
                 variety
                 of
                 Exotick
                 and
                 hurtfull
                 
                 Steams
                 ,
                 some
                 may
                 be
                 found
                 capable
                 to
                 disaffect
                 Humane
                 Bodies
                 ,
                 after
                 a
                 very
                 uncommon
                 way
                 ,
                 and
                 thereby
                 to
                 produce
                 
                   new
                   Diseases
                
                 ;
                 whose
                 duration
                 may
                 be
                 greater
                 or
                 smaller
                 ,
                 according
                 to
                 the
                 lastingness
                 of
                 those
                 Subterraneal
                 causes
                 ,
                 that
                 produce
                 them
                 .
                 On
                 which
                 account
                 it
                 need
                 be
                 no
                 wonder
                 ,
                 that
                 some
                 new
                 Diseases
                 have
                 but
                 a
                 short
                 duration
                 ,
                 and
                 vanish
                 not
                 long
                 after
                 ,
                 there
                 appearing
                 the
                 Source
                 or
                 Fomes
                 of
                 the
                 Morbifick
                 Effluvia
                 ,
                 being
                 soon
                 destroy'd
                 ,
                 or
                 spent
                 :
                 whereas
                 some
                 others
                 may
                 continue
                 longer
                 upon
                 the
                 Stage
                 ,
                 as
                 having
                 under
                 ground
                 more
                 settled
                 and
                 durable
                 causes
                 to
                 maintain
                 them
                 .
                 Which
                 last
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 Observation
                 may
                 be
                 illustrated
                 by
                 what
                 happen'd
                 in
                 Calabria
                 ;
                 which
                 Province
                 ,
                 though
                 it
                 have
                 been
                 observed
                 to
                 have
                 acquired
                 ,
                 within
                 these
                 two
                 or
                 three
                 ages
                 ,
                 the
                 faculty
                 of
                 producing
                 Manna
                 upon
                 certain
                 Trees
                 *
                 ;
                 yet
                 this
                 great
                 change
                 ,
                 though
                 sudden
                 enough
                 ,
                 had
                 
                 it
                 seems
                 such
                 stable
                 causes
                 ,
                 as
                 well
                 as
                 of
                 great
                 extent
                 ,
                 that
                 it
                 hath
                 lasted
                 several
                 scores
                 of
                 years
                 ,
                 and
                 continues
                 in
                 that
                 Countrey
                 to
                 this
                 day
                 .
              
               
                 I
                 am
                 not
                 ignorant
                 that
                 the
                 whole
                 Doctrine
                 propounded
                 in
                 the
                 four
                 Propositions
                 about
                 the
                 Insalubrity
                 of
                 the
                 Air
                 ,
                 is
                 not
                 at
                 all
                 comfortable
                 either
                 to
                 Patients
                 or
                 Physicians
                 :
                 But
                 important
                 Theories
                 deserv'd
                 to
                 be
                 inquir'd
                 into
                 ,
                 and
                 ,
                 if
                 true
                 ,
                 to
                 be
                 deliver'd
                 though
                 we
                 could
                 wish
                 they
                 were
                 untrue
                 .
                 And
                 judicious
                 men
                 rather
                 thank
                 than
                 blame
                 those
                 that
                 have
                 given
                 us
                 account
                 of
                 latent
                 or
                 unsuspected
                 ,
                 though
                 perhaps
                 irremediable
                 causes
                 of
                 Diseases
                 and
                 of
                 death
                 ;
                 or
                 have
                 recorded
                 the
                 Histories
                 of
                 some
                 Poysons
                 ,
                 whereof
                 the
                 true
                 Antidotes
                 are
                 yet
                 unknown
                 .
                 Uncommon
                 Notions
                 about
                 Diseases
                 may
                 serve
                 to
                 inlarge
                 the
                 Physicians
                 mind
                 and
                 excite
                 his
                 attention
                 and
                 curiosity
                 :
                 and
                 ,
                 besides
                 that
                 they
                 may
                 keep
                 
                 him
                 from
                 too
                 obstinately
                 persisting
                 in
                 the
                 use
                 of
                 receiv'd
                 Medicins
                 ,
                 though
                 unsuccessfull
                 ,
                 upon
                 a
                 Supposition
                 that
                 the
                 Disease
                 can
                 have
                 no
                 other
                 causes
                 ,
                 than
                 those
                 wont
                 to
                 be
                 assign'd
                 it
                 by
                 Classick
                 Authours
                 :
                 besides
                 this
                 ,
                 I
                 say
                 ;
                 I
                 do
                 not
                 despair
                 ,
                 but
                 that
                 either
                 the
                 sagacity
                 or
                 fortune
                 of
                 this
                 inquisitive
                 age
                 ,
                 or
                 at
                 least
                 of
                 Posterity
                 ,
                 may
                 by
                 the
                 blessing
                 of
                 God
                 be
                 happy
                 enough
                 to
                 find
                 proper
                 Remedies
                 ,
                 even
                 for
                 those
                 Diseases
                 that
                 proceed
                 from
                 Subterranean
                 Effluvia
                 ,
                 when
                 once
                 by
                 proper
                 Signs
                 they
                 shall
                 be
                 distinctly
                 discover'd
                 ;
                 (
                 Of
                 which
                 power
                 of
                 appropriated
                 Remedies
                 )
                 I
                 have
                 known
                 some
                 Instances
                 ,
                 as
                 to
                 the
                 very
                 bad
                 Symptoms
                 produc'd
                 by
                 Antimonial
                 and
                 some
                 other
                 Mineral
                 Fumes
                 .
              
               
                 Some
                 of
                 the
                 Points
                 discours'd
                 of
                 under
                 the
                 fourth
                 Proposition
                 ,
                 were
                 of
                 affinity
                 enough
                 to
                 Paradoxes
                 to
                 have
                 need
                 of
                 being
                 illustrated
                 or
                 confirmed
                 by
                 Observations
                 and
                 Experiments
                 .
                 And
                 therefore
                 having
                 accidentally
                 retriev'd
                 some
                 of
                 this
                 
                 last
                 nam'd
                 sort
                 ,
                 I
                 shall
                 venture
                 to
                 subjoin
                 them
                 as
                 a
                 Specimen
                 ,
                 though
                 without
                 Transitions
                 or
                 Applications
                 ,
                 but
                 just
                 as
                 I
                 found
                 them
                 thrown
                 together
                 ,
                 in
                 one
                 loose
                 sheet
                 ,
                 wherein
                 I
                 lighted
                 on
                 them
                 .
                 But
                 it
                 is
                 time
                 to
                 conclude
                 with
                 the
                 recital
                 of
                 the
                 promised
                 Experiments
                 .
                 Which
                 I
                 would
                 immediately
                 do
                 ,
                 but
                 that
                 I
                 hold
                 it
                 fit
                 to
                 premise
                 ,
                 by
                 way
                 of
                 Introduction
                 to
                 them
                 ,
                 that
                 I
                 hope
                 the
                 Things
                 hitherto
                 discours'd
                 will
                 appear
                 much
                 the
                 more
                 probable
                 ,
                 if
                 we
                 shall
                 prove
                 by
                 Experiments
                 ,
                 that
                 which
                 seems
                 much
                 less
                 likely
                 than
                 any
                 thing
                 we
                 have
                 above
                 deliver'd
                 ;
                 namely
                 ,
                 that
                 Metals
                 completely
                 formed
                 and
                 malleable
                 may
                 be
                 elevated
                 into
                 the
                 Air
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 perhaps
                 without
                 any
                 great
                 violence
                 of
                 Fire
                 ,
                 in
                 the
                 form
                 of
                 Exhalations
                 and
                 Vapours
                 ;
                 the
                 singly
                 invisible
                 Corpuscles
                 still
                 retaining
                 their
                 Metalline
                 nature
                 .
                 This
                 at
                 least
                 ,
                 as
                 to
                 some
                 Metals
                 ,
                 I
                 have
                 endeavour'd
                 to
                 prove
                 in
                 another
                 Tract
                 ,
                 [
                 entitl'd
                 
                   a
                   Paradox
                   about
                   the
                   Fuel
                   of
                   Flames
                   .
                
                 ]
                 But
                 because
                 that
                 
                 Discourse
                 was
                 never
                 publish'd
                 I
                 will
                 here
                 set
                 down
                 two
                 or
                 three
                 Experiments
                 ,
                 (
                 not
                 mention'd
                 ,
                 that
                 I
                 remember
                 in
                 it
                 .
                 )
                 Which
                 I
                 do
                 ,
                 the
                 more
                 willingly
                 ,
                 because
                 it
                 may
                 be
                 a
                 Thing
                 of
                 no
                 small
                 moment
                 in
                 Physick
                 ,
                 if
                 it
                 be
                 shewn
                 that
                 Fixt
                 and
                 solid
                 Bodies
                 ,
                 such
                 as
                 Metals
                 are
                 ,
                 may
                 by
                 art
                 be
                 reduc'd
                 into
                 such
                 minute
                 Corpuscles
                 ,
                 that
                 without
                 loosing
                 their
                 nature
                 and
                 all
                 their
                 Properties
                 ,
                 they
                 may
                 become
                 parts
                 of
                 Fumes
                 ,
                 or
                 perhaps
                 of
                 invisible
                 Vapours
                 ,
                 or
                 even
                 of
                 Flame
                 it self
                 .
              
               
                 
                   
                     Particulars
                     belonging
                     to
                     the
                  
                   IVth
                   Proposition
                   .
                
                 
                   
                     EXPER.
                     I.
                     
                  
                   
                     WE
                     took
                     three
                     Parts
                     or
                     Pounds
                     of
                     
                       Dantsic
                       Vitriol
                    
                     (
                     which
                     is
                     blew
                     and
                     somewhat
                     partakes
                     of
                     Copper
                     )
                     and
                     two
                     Parts
                     or
                     Pounds
                     of
                     good
                     Sea-salt
                     ;
                     these
                     being
                     very
                     well
                     
                     powder'd
                     and
                     mix'd
                     were
                     distill'd
                     with
                     a
                     strong
                     naked
                     Fire
                     ,
                     to
                     force
                     out
                     all
                     that
                     could
                     be
                     driven
                     over
                     :
                     and
                     by
                     this
                     means
                     we
                     not
                     onely
                     obtain'd
                     a
                     Spirit
                     of
                     Salt
                     of
                     a
                     manifestly
                     blewish
                     Colour
                     ,
                     but
                     there
                     ascended
                     also
                     a
                     considerable
                     quantity
                     of
                     Powder
                     ,
                     which
                     being
                     shaken
                     with
                     the
                     Liquor
                     ,
                     settled
                     at
                     the
                     bottom
                     of
                     it
                     in
                     the
                     form
                     of
                     a
                     Powder
                     ,
                     which
                     was
                     judg'd
                     to
                     consist
                     of
                     Corpuscles
                     of
                     a
                     Cupreous
                     nature
                     ,
                     and
                     perhaps
                     also
                     of
                     some
                     of
                     a
                     Martial
                     nature
                     .
                     But
                     I
                     unhappily
                     neglected
                     the
                     opportunity
                     of
                     examining
                     this
                     Powder
                     ,
                     which
                     came
                     up
                     in
                     quantity
                     enough
                     to
                     have
                     serv'd
                     for
                     various
                     Trials
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     EXPER.
                     II.
                     
                  
                   
                     By
                     substituting
                     
                       English
                       Vitriol
                    
                     (
                     which
                     is
                     green
                     ,
                     and
                     is
                     much
                     more
                     abundant
                     in
                     Iron
                     than
                     that
                     of
                     Dantsic
                     ,
                     )
                     and
                     proceeding
                     in
                     other
                     respects
                     as
                     in
                     the
                     former
                     Process
                     ,
                     we
                     obtain'd
                     a
                     very
                     yellow
                     Spirit
                     ,
                     with
                     
                     a
                     considerable
                     quantity
                     of
                     a
                     yellowish
                     Powder
                     ,
                     that
                     was
                     guess'd
                     to
                     be
                     a
                     kind
                     of
                     
                       Crocus
                       Martis
                    
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     EXPER.
                     III.
                     
                  
                   
                     We
                     took
                     very
                     thin
                     Plates
                     of
                     Copper
                     ,
                     and
                     cast
                     them
                     into
                     a
                     Retort
                     ,
                     upon
                     an
                     equal
                     or
                     a
                     double
                     weight
                     (
                     for
                     we
                     did
                     not
                     always
                     use
                     the
                     same
                     )
                     of
                     good
                     
                       Mercury
                       Sublimate
                    
                     ;
                     and
                     luting
                     on
                     the
                     Receiver
                     ,
                     gave
                     a
                     Fire
                     by
                     degrees
                     for
                     several
                     hours
                     :
                     by
                     which
                     means
                     we
                     usually
                     obtain'd
                     some
                     running
                     Mercury
                     ,
                     (
                     which
                     seemed
                     to
                     be
                     very
                     well
                     purifi'd
                     and
                     was
                     perhaps
                     also
                     impregnated
                     )
                     together
                     with
                     some
                     Sublimate
                     that
                     had
                     not
                     fasten'd
                     upon
                     the
                     Copper
                     .
                     And
                     at
                     the
                     bottom
                     of
                     the
                     Retort
                     we
                     had
                     good
                     store
                     of
                     a
                     ponderous
                     and
                     brittle
                     substance
                     ,
                     that
                     did
                     not
                     look
                     at
                     all
                     like
                     a
                     Metal
                     ,
                     but
                     rather
                     like
                     something
                     of
                     a
                     Gummous
                     or
                     Resinous
                     nature
                     ,
                     being
                     also
                     fusible
                     and
                     inflammable
                     almost
                     like
                     sealing
                     Wax
                     .
                     This
                     ,
                     having
                     not
                     opportunity
                     to
                     
                     prosecute
                     the
                     Experiment
                     at
                     home
                     ,
                     I
                     put
                     into
                     the
                     hands
                     of
                     an
                     industrious
                     Physician
                     ,
                     that
                     was
                     earnest
                     with
                     me
                     to
                     impart
                     to
                     him
                     the
                     Process
                     ,
                     and
                     let
                     Him
                     pursue
                     it
                     for
                     me
                     .
                     He
                     according
                     to
                     my
                     direction
                     expos'd
                     this
                     
                       Metalline
                       Rosin
                    
                     (
                     if
                     I
                     may
                     so
                     call
                     it
                     )
                     grossly
                     beaten
                     to
                     the
                     free
                     Air
                     ,
                     where
                     it
                     did
                     ,
                     according
                     to
                     Expectation
                     ,
                     in
                     a
                     short
                     time
                     change
                     Colour
                     ,
                     and
                     turn
                     to
                     a
                     kind
                     of
                     Verdegreece
                     :
                     which
                     being
                     dissolv'd
                     in
                     good
                     Spirit
                     of
                     Salt
                     gave
                     a
                     Solution
                     of
                     a
                     very
                     lovely
                     green
                     Colour
                     .
                     This
                     being
                     slowly
                     distill'd
                     
                       ad
                       Siccitatem
                    
                     ,
                     yielded
                     but
                     a
                     very
                     weak
                     and
                     phlegmatick
                     Liquour
                     ;
                     and
                     the
                     
                       Caput
                       Mortuum
                    
                     was
                     again
                     dissolv'd
                     in
                     fresh
                     Spirit
                     ,
                     and
                     the
                     Menstruum
                     abstracted
                     as
                     before
                     .
                     This
                     was
                     done
                     several
                     times
                     ,
                     till
                     the
                     matter
                     was
                     so
                     impregnated
                     ,
                     that
                     the
                     Menstruum
                     being
                     drawn
                     off
                     from
                     it
                     ,
                     came
                     over
                     as
                     strong
                     almost
                     as
                     when
                     it
                     was
                     put
                     on
                     .
                     This
                     done
                     ,
                     the
                     thus
                     impregnated
                     Verdegreece
                     was
                     diligently
                     mingl'd
                     with
                     Tripoly
                     ,
                     or
                     some
                     such
                     insipid
                     and
                     fixt
                     additament
                     ,
                     
                     and
                     distill'd
                     with
                     a
                     strong
                     Fire
                     ;
                     by
                     which
                     means
                     it
                     afforded
                     good
                     store
                     of
                     a
                     Liquour
                     Colourless
                     like
                     common
                     Water
                     :
                     which
                     made
                     the
                     Physician
                     suppose
                     the
                     Experiment
                     had
                     miscarry'd
                     ,
                     till
                     I
                     having
                     dropt
                     into
                     it
                     a
                     Colourless
                     Liquor
                     ,
                     namely
                     Spirit
                     of
                     Hartshorn
                     or
                     of
                     Sal-armoniac
                     ;
                     He
                     was
                     much
                     and
                     delightfully
                     surpriz'd
                     ,
                     to
                     find
                     it
                     presently
                     disclose
                     a
                     deep
                     and
                     lovely
                     blew
                     Colour
                     .
                     What
                     afterwards
                     became
                     of
                     this
                     odd
                     Spirit
                     ,
                     I
                     need
                     not
                     here
                     declare
                     ;
                     what
                     has
                     been
                     said
                     being
                     sufficient
                     ,
                     to
                     shew
                     that
                     Corpuscles
                     of
                     Copper
                     may
                     be
                     elevated
                     in
                     the
                     form
                     of
                     Exhalations
                     both
                     transparent
                     and
                     Colourless
                     .
                     The
                     next
                     following
                     Experiment
                     though
                     in
                     part
                     mention'd
                     by
                     some
                     Chymist
                     is
                     here
                     subjoin'd
                     ,
                     because
                     it
                     's
                     necessary
                     and
                     applied
                     to
                     a
                     particular
                     purpose
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                   
                     EXPER.
                     IV.
                     
                  
                   
                     If
                     from
                     good
                     ▪
                     
                       Cornish
                       Tin
                    
                     you
                     warily
                     distill
                     an
                     equal
                     or
                     double
                     weight
                     of
                     Venetian
                     Sublimate
                     ,
                     into
                     a
                     very
                     large
                     Receiver
                     very
                     well
                     luted
                     on
                     to
                     the
                     Retort
                     ,
                     you
                     will
                     obtain
                     a
                     spirituous
                     Liquor
                     ,
                     which
                     as
                     soon
                     as
                     the
                     free
                     Air
                     comes
                     to
                     touch
                     it
                     ,
                     will
                     send
                     up
                     abundance
                     of
                     white
                     Exhalations
                     in
                     the
                     form
                     of
                     a
                     thick
                     Smoak
                     ,
                     which
                     will
                     continue
                     to
                     be
                     emitted
                     much
                     longer
                     than
                     one
                     would
                     imagine
                     .
                     But
                     that
                     which
                     I
                     desire
                     to
                     have
                     particularly
                     observ'd
                     in
                     this
                     Experiment
                     is
                     ,
                     that
                     though
                     this
                     Liquor
                     be
                     thus
                     apt
                     to
                     emit
                     Smoak
                     ,
                     not
                     onely
                     plentifully
                     ,
                     but
                     as
                     one
                     would
                     think
                     with
                     Violence
                     ,
                     yet
                     I
                     found
                     by
                     Trial
                     ,
                     that
                     even
                     when
                     I
                     put
                     it
                     into
                     a
                     Vessel
                     not
                     strait
                     mouth'd
                     ,
                     if
                     I
                     did
                     but
                     lay
                     a
                     piece
                     of
                     a
                     single
                     leaf
                     of
                     Paper
                     flat-wise
                     upon
                     the
                     Orifice
                     of
                     the
                     Glass
                     ,
                     so
                     as
                     to
                     cover
                     it
                     all
                     ,
                     the
                     visible
                     production
                     of
                     the
                     Fumes
                     would
                     presently
                     cease
                     ;
                     and
                     the
                     Liquor
                     would
                     lie
                     
                     like
                     common
                     Water
                     ,
                     as
                     long
                     as
                     the
                     Paper
                     lay
                     ,
                     though
                     but
                     lightly
                     upon
                     the
                     Glass
                     ;
                     though
                     upon
                     the
                     Removal
                     of
                     that
                     ,
                     the
                     Liquor
                     would
                     send
                     up
                     plentifull
                     Fumes
                     as
                     before
                     ,
                     which
                     seems
                     to
                     argue
                     ,
                     that
                     some
                     Metalline
                     Substances
                     may
                     ,
                     by
                     the
                     contact
                     of
                     the
                     Air
                     ,
                     have
                     their
                     Copious
                     ascension
                     into
                     the
                     Atmosphere
                     very
                     much
                     help'd
                     and
                     promoted
                     ,
                     as
                     if
                     the
                     Air
                     had
                     Saline
                     or
                     other
                     sort
                     of
                     Particles
                     in
                     it
                     ,
                     that
                     are
                     in
                     reference
                     to
                     some
                     Mineral
                     Bodies
                     of
                     a
                     very
                     volatilizing
                     nature
                     .
                     The
                     way
                     by
                     which
                     I
                     have
                     divers
                     times
                     elevated
                     the
                     Fixedst
                     of
                     ▪
                     Metals
                     ,
                     Gold
                     it self
                     ,
                     I
                     have
                     deliver'd
                     in
                     another
                     Paper
                     ,
                     and
                     shall
                     not
                     here
                     repeat
                     it
                     .
                     But
                     I
                     shall
                     now
                     set
                     down
                     an
                     Experiment
                     that
                     when
                     it
                     is
                     carefully
                     made
                     ,
                     is
                     easie
                     to
                     be
                     perform'd
                     ,
                     and
                     yet
                     affords
                     a
                     notable
                     and
                     sensible
                     Proof
                     ,
                     that
                     the
                     Corpuscles
                     of
                     a
                     Metal
                     may
                     be
                     made
                     to
                     ascend
                     ,
                     and
                     that
                     plentifully
                     ,
                     even
                     with
                     a
                     very
                     moderate
                     Heat
                     ,
                     under
                     the
                     form
                     of
                     ordinary
                     Fumes
                     or
                     Smoak
                     .
                     
                     To
                     effect
                     this
                     I
                     devis'd
                     the
                     following
                     Experiment
                     .
                  
                   
                     We
                     took
                     Copper
                     and
                     dissolv'd
                     it
                     in
                     good
                     
                       Aqua
                       fortis
                    
                     ,
                     till
                     the
                     Menstruum
                     was
                     Satiated
                     with
                     it
                     ,
                     in
                     the
                     strong
                     Solution
                     we
                     steep'd
                     a
                     while
                     some
                     brown
                     or
                     other
                     porous
                     Paper
                     ,
                     that
                     being
                     fitter
                     than
                     the
                     finer
                     ,
                     to
                     soak
                     up
                     the
                     Menstruum
                     ;
                     then
                     slowly
                     evaporating
                     the
                     superfluous
                     moisture
                     ,
                     we
                     put
                     a
                     quantity
                     of
                     this
                     imperfectly
                     dry'd
                     Paper
                     upon
                     the
                     Hearth
                     ,
                     at
                     such
                     a
                     distance
                     from
                     a
                     Fire
                     of
                     actually
                     flaming
                     Wood
                     that
                     the
                     Paper
                     was
                     not
                     kindled
                     ,
                     but
                     yet
                     was
                     so
                     scorch'd
                     ,
                     as
                     to
                     afford
                     very
                     plentifull
                     Fumes
                     :
                     these
                     look'd
                     like
                     ordinary
                     Smoak
                     ,
                     whilst
                     they
                     mov'd
                     through
                     the
                     Air
                     ,
                     and
                     would
                     questionless
                     have
                     mingl'd
                     with
                     it
                     ,
                     and
                     been
                     dispers'd
                     through
                     it
                     ,
                     if
                     the
                     Body
                     that
                     emitted
                     them
                     had
                     not
                     been
                     purposely
                     plac'd
                     for
                     a
                     future
                     design
                     .
                     But
                     when
                     the
                     motion
                     of
                     the
                     Air
                     towards
                     the
                     Flame
                     had
                     carry'd
                     these
                     Fumes
                     
                     to
                     it
                     ,
                     the
                     Metalline
                     Smoak
                     did
                     ,
                     as
                     I
                     expected
                     ,
                     disclose
                     its
                     nature
                     ;
                     for
                     being
                     actually
                     kindled
                     ,
                     it
                     ting'd
                     the
                     Flame
                     of
                     a
                     lovely
                     Colour
                     ,
                     for
                     the
                     most
                     part
                     Blew
                     ,
                     and
                     sometimes
                     Green
                     ,
                     as
                     it
                     happen'd
                     to
                     be
                     variously
                     mix'd
                     with
                     the
                     Flame
                     and
                     Smoak
                     of
                     the
                     Wood.
                     
                  
                
              
            
             
               THE
               END
               .
            
          
        
         
      
    
     
       
         
         
         
           A
           Short
           Supplement
           TO
           THE
           ESSAY
           OF
           THE
           GREAT
           EFFECTS
           OF
           Even
           Languid
           and
           
             Vnheeded
             LOCAL
             MOTION
          
           .
        
         
           THAT
           I
           may
           not
           be
           altogether
           wanting
           to
           the
           Expectation
           that
           may
           have
           been
           rais'd
           ,
           by
           a
           Passage
           in
           the
           Advertisement
           prefix'd
           to
           the
           foregoing
           Essay
           ;
           I
           shall
           here
           subjoin
           some
           Particulars
           ,
           which
           perhaps
           will
           not
           be
           unwelcome
           to
           the
           Readers
           ,
           that
           occurr'd
           to
           my
           remembrance
           ,
           whilst
           I
           was
           ,
           
           with
           a
           transient
           Eye
           ,
           reviewing
           the
           Heads
           of
           the
           past
           Discourse
           .
           But
           these
           Paralipomena
           or
           Supplements
           will
           be
           but
           few
           ,
           not
           onely
           because
           of
           my
           want
           of
           leasure
           to
           review
           the
           Tract
           they
           belong
           to
           deliberately
           ,
           but
           also
           because
           some
           Instances
           ,
           that
           might
           be
           here
           subjoin'd
           ,
           may
           be
           more
           opportunely
           brought
           in
           in
           other
           Papers
           .
        
         
           
             To
             the
             IIId
             .
             Chapter
             .
          
           
             THAT
             the
             Motion
             of
             the
             Air
             that
             accompanies
             Sounds
             may
             be
             propagated
             to
             great
             Distances
             ,
             and
             yet
             make
             considerable
             Impressions
             on
             the
             Bodies
             it
             finds
             there
             ,
             dispos'd
             to
             admit
             its
             Action
             ,
             may
             be
             notably
             confirm'd
             ,
             by
             a
             Phaenomenon
             I
             have
             met
             with
             ,
             in
             the
             learned
             Mathematician
             Borellus
             ,
             who
             relates
             it
             upon
             his
             own
             knowledge
             ,
             and
             not
             undeservedly
             magnifies
             it
             :
             which
             I
             shall
             therefore
             recite
             in
             his
             
             own
             Words
             .
             
               
               Aderam
               (
               
                 says
                 he
              
               )
               Tauromenii
               Siciliae
               ,
               quando
               Aetna
               mons
               eruptionem
               quandam
               effecerat
               propè
               Ennam
               ,
               urbem
               fere
               30.
               
               Milliaria
               à
               Tauromenio
               distantem
               ,
               tunc
               vicibus
               interpolatis
               eruptiones
               ingentes
               ignis
               vorago
               efficiebat
               ,
               grandi
               sono
               &
               strepitu
               ,
               &
               tunc
               omnia
               Tauromenii
               aedificia
               ,
               tremore
               concutiebantur
               ,
               in
               quo
               Circumstantiam
               notatu
               dignissimam
               observavi
               :
               scilicet
               ,
               quòd
               domus
               &
               aedificia
               quae
               directè
               exposita
               erant
               prospectui
               ejusdem
               voraginis
               ,
               vehementissimè
               concutiebantur
               ;
               reliquae
               verò
               domus
               ,
               quae
               conspectu
               voraginis
               privabantur
               ,
               satis
               lentè
               &
               leniter
               tremorem
               efficiebant
               .
            
             Upon
             which
             matter
             of
             fact
             he
             thus
             argues
             :
             
               Profectò
               ,
               si
               hujusmodi
               tremor
               factus
               fuisset
               à
               concussione
               &
               resilitione
               soli
               Tauromenitani
               ,
               omnes
               domus
               aequè
               concussae
               fuissent
               ,
               &
               aequali
               tremore
               agitatae
               ,
               ita
               ut
               non
               possit
               conspectus
               voraginis
               tam
               insignem
               &
               evidentem
               inaequalitatem
               tremoris
               procreare
               ;
               
               igitur
               necessariò
               à
               tremore
               ejusdem
               aëris
               incusso
               in
               parietibus
               domorum
               liberè
               percussiones
               excipientum
               ,
               agitatio
               illa
               efficiebatur
               .
               Videas
               hinc
               ,
               (
               
                 infers
                 he
              
               )
               quanta
               soni
               ad
               30
               milliarium
               distantiam
               efficacia
               sit
               .
            
          
        
         
           
             To
             the
             Vth.
             Chapter
             .
          
           
             THAT
             Motion
             may
             be
             propagated
             far
             ,
             through
             Bodies
             of
             differing
             Natures
             ,
             may
             be
             inferr'd
             from
             what
             is
             mention'd
             in
             this
             Chapter
             ,
             especially
             about
             Earthquakes
             .
             But
             because
             it
             may
             reasonably
             be
             suspected
             ,
             that
             the
             Active
             Matter
             which
             produces
             those
             stupendious
             Motions
             ,
             is
             dispers'd
             into
             divers
             Places
             ,
             and
             may
             be
             of
             considerable
             Extent
             ,
             I
             shall
             here
             subjoin
             ,
             out
             of
             the
             Eloquent
             
               Famianus
               Strada
            
             ,
             an
             Instance
             ,
             which
             is
             much
             the
             most
             memorable
             to
             my
             purpose
             that
             I
             remember
             to
             have
             met
             with
             in
             History
             ;
             
             to
             manifest
             to
             how
             great
             an
             extent
             a
             Motion
             excited
             in
             a
             very
             narrow
             compass
             ,
             perhaps
             but
             a
             very
             few
             fathom
             square
             ,
             may
             be
             propagated
             through
             differing
             Mediums
             ,
             and
             one
             of
             them
             as
             solid
             as
             Earth
             .
             This
             famous
             Historian
             then
             ,
             having
             describ'd
             a
             stupendious
             Work
             ,
             that
             had
             been
             with
             great
             skill
             and
             care
             made
             by
             the
             
               Prince
               of
               Parma
            
             ,
             to
             keep
             the
             City
             of
             Antwerp
             ,
             which
             he
             closely
             besieged
             ,
             from
             being
             reliev'd
             by
             the
             River
             Scheldt
             (
             which
             ,
             though
             not
             broad
             ,
             is
             deep
             )
             proceeds
             to
             relate
             ,
             that
             an
             Engineer
             ,
             who
             was
             a
             great
             Master
             in
             his
             Art
             ,
             having
             undertaken
             to
             destroy
             this
             great
             Work
             with
             a
             Vessel
             (
             which
             I
             think
             we
             may
             call
             a
             
               Floating
               Mine
            
             )
             fraught
             with
             Gunpowder
             ,
             Fireworks
             ,
             &c.
             perform'd
             it
             with
             so
             tragical
             a
             success
             ,
             that
             some
             Spanish
             Officers
             that
             were
             present
             ,
             reckon'd
             800.
             to
             have
             been
             kill'd
             outright
             ,
             besides
             a
             great
             number
             that
             were
             wounded
             and
             maim'd
             .
             But
             that
             Part
             of
             the
             Narrative
             which
             comes
             home
             to
             our
             present
             
             purpose
             ,
             is
             deliver'd
             in
             these
             Words
             .
          
           
             On
             a
             sudden
             the
             fatal
             
             Ship
             burst
             ,
             with
             such
             a
             horrid
             crash
             ,
             as
             if
             the
             very
             Sky
             had
             rent
             asunder
             ,
             Heaven
             and
             Earth
             had
             charg'd
             one
             another
             ,
             and
             the
             whole
             Machine
             of
             the
             Earth
             it self
             had
             quaked
             .
             For
             the
             Storm
             of
             Stones
             ,
             Chains
             and
             Bullets
             being
             cast
             out
             with
             Thunder
             and
             Lightning
             ,
             there
             followed
             such
             a
             Slaughter
             ,
             as
             no
             man
             ,
             but
             that
             actually
             it
             happen'd
             ,
             could
             have
             imagin'd
             .
             The
             Castle
             on
             which
             the
             Internal
             Ship
             fell
             ,
             the
             Pile-work
             of
             the
             Bridge
             to
             St.
             Mary's
             Fort
             ,
             that
             part
             of
             the
             Naval
             Bridge
             next
             the
             Castle
             ,
             Souldiers
             ,
             Mariners
             ,
             Commanders
             ,
             a
             great
             number
             of
             Cannons
             ,
             Armour
             and
             Arms
             ;
             all
             these
             this
             furious
             Whirlwind
             swept
             away
             together
             ,
             tossed
             in
             the
             Air
             ,
             and
             disperst
             as
             Wind
             doth
             Leaves
             of
             Trees
             .
             The
             Scheldt
             prodigiously
             gaping
             was
             first
             seen
             to
             discover
             its
             bottom
             ,
             then
             swelling
             above
             the
             Banks
             ,
             was
             even
             
             with
             the
             Rampiers
             ,
             and
             overflowed
             St.
             Mary's
             Fort
             above
             a
             foot
             .
             The
             motion
             of
             the
             panting
             Earth
             
               N.
               B.
            
             extended
             its
             force
             and
             fear
             above
             nine
             Miles
             .
             [
             If
             he
             means
             the
             Miles
             of
             that
             Countrey
             ,
             or
             Dutch
             Leagues
             ,
             they
             amount
             to
             36
             English
             Miles
             .
             ]
             There
             were
             found
             Stones
             ,
             and
             that
             very
             great
             ones
             ,
             as
             Grave-stones
             ,
             and
             the
             like
             ,
             a
             Mile
             off
             the
             River
             ,
             struck
             into
             the
             Ground
             ,
             in
             some
             places
             four
             Palms
             .
          
        
         
           
             To
             the
             VIth
             .
             Chapter
             .
          
           
             Observation
             I.
             
          
           
             WHAT
             is
             delivered
             in
             this
             Chapter
             about
             the
             Operation
             of
             Sounds
             and
             Animals
             ,
             particularly
             that
             which
             is
             mention'd
             (
             Pag.
             72.
             )
             about
             the
             Effect
             of
             Musick
             upon
             Serpents
             at
             
               Grand
               Cairo
            
             ,
             may
             be
             not
             onely
             confirm'd
             but
             exceeded
             ,
             by
             a
             strange
             Relation
             that
             I
             had
             from
             a
             Person
             of
             unsuspected
             Credit
             ▪
             
             Which
             Narrative
             having
             appear'd
             to
             me
             so
             considerable
             ,
             as
             well
             to
             deserve
             a
             place
             among
             my
             Adversaria
             ,
             I
             shall
             subjoin
             that
             part
             of
             it
             which
             concerns
             our
             present
             Subject
             ,
             in
             the
             words
             wherein
             I
             find
             it
             set
             down
             .
          
           
             Sir
             
               J.
               C.
            
             a
             very
             candid
             and
             judicious
             Traveller
             ,
             favouring
             me
             yesterday
             with
             a
             visit
             ,
             told
             me
             among
             other
             remarkable
             things
             relating
             to
             the
             
               East
               Indies
            
             ,
             (
             which
             Countries
             He
             had
             curiously
             visited
             )
             that
             He
             with
             divers
             European
             Merchants
             had
             seen
             ,
             (
             and
             that
             if
             I
             mistake
             not
             ,
             several
             times
             )
             an
             Indian
             ,
             who
             by
             many
             was
             thought
             to
             be
             a
             Magician
             ,
             that
             kept
             tame
             Serpents
             of
             a
             great
             bulk
             .
             And
             that
             when
             the
             Owner
             of
             them
             plaid
             upon
             a
             Musical
             Instrument
             ,
             these
             Serpents
             would
             raise
             themselves
             upright
             into
             the
             Air
             ,
             leaving
             upon
             the
             Ground
             but
             3
             or
             4
             Inches
             of
             their
             Tail
             ,
             upon
             which
             they
             lean'd
             for
             their
             support
             .
             He
             added
             ,
             that
             at
             the
             same
             time
             that
             they
             erected
             their
             Bodies
             ,
             they
             also
             stretcht
             
             and
             lengthen'd
             them
             in
             a
             strange
             and
             frightfull
             manner
             ;
             and
             whilst
             they
             were
             thus
             slender
             ,
             they
             were
             taller
             than
             He
             or
             any
             man
             of
             ordinary
             stature
             .
             But
             that
             which
             appear'd
             to
             Him
             the
             most
             wonderfull
             and
             surprising
             ,
             was
             ,
             that
             they
             manifestly
             seem'd
             to
             be
             very
             much
             affected
             with
             the
             Musick
             they
             heard
             ;
             insomuch
             that
             some
             Parts
             of
             the
             Tune
             would
             make
             them
             move
             to
             and
             fro
             with
             a
             surprising
             agility
             ,
             and
             some
             other
             Parts
             of
             it
             would
             cast
             them
             into
             a
             Posture
             ,
             wherein
             they
             seem'd
             to
             be
             half
             asleep
             ,
             and
             as
             it
             were
             to
             melt
             away
             with
             pleasure
             .
          
        
         
           
             To
             the
             VIth
             .
             Chapter
             .
             Pag.
             75.
             
          
           
             Observation
             II.
             
          
           
             BEcause
             the
             Truth
             even
             of
             the
             principal
             effects
             of
             the
             Biting
             of
             the
             Tarantula
             ,
             has
             of
             late
             been
             publickly
             call'd
             in
             question
             ,
             I
             was
             glad
             to
             meet
             with
             an
             ingenious
             Traveller
             ,
             
             that
             in
             Calabria
             or
             Apulia
             was
             Himself
             bitten
             by
             one
             of
             those
             venomous
             Insects
             ;
             and
             though
             it
             were
             but
             slightly
             ,
             yet
             the
             Effects
             He
             felt
             in
             His
             own
             Body
             ,
             and
             those
             greater
             ones
             He
             saw
             produc'd
             in
             other
             Persons
             ,
             that
             were
             more
             unhappily
             bitten
             ,
             brought
             Credit
             to
             the
             main
             of
             what
             sober
             Writers
             affirm
             of
             the
             Symptoms
             and
             Cure
             of
             that
             Poyson
             .
             And
             the
             learned
             ,
             &c.
             
          
        
         
           
             To
             the
             VIIth
             .
             Chapter
             .
             Pag.
             83.
             
          
           
             MUCH
             of
             what
             is
             delivered
             in
             this
             Chapter
             and
             elsewhere
             ,
             about
             the
             Operation
             of
             Air
             or
             invisible
             Fluids
             (
             whose
             Motions
             affect
             not
             the
             Touch
             )
             upon
             Congruous
             Solids
             ,
             may
             be
             confirm'd
             by
             that
             notable
             Experiment
             ,
             which
             has
             been
             published
             in
             an
             Elegant
             Discourse
             by
             the
             learned
             Morhofius
             ;
             about
             a
             Dutch
             Wine
             Seller
             in
             Amsterdam
             ,
             by
             name
             
               Nicolaus
               Petterus
            
             ,
             who
             ,
             having
             found
             the
             Tone
             or
             Note
             peculiarly
             
             belonging
             to
             a
             large
             belly'd
             drinking
             Glass
             ,
             Such
             as
             the
             Dutch
             call
             Römer
             ,
             and
             many
             here
             call
             
               Rhenish
               Wine
               Glasses
            
             ,
             would
             ,
             by
             accommodating
             his
             voice
             exactly
             to
             that
             Tone
             ,
             and
             yet
             making
             it
             loud
             and
             lasting
             ,
             make
             the
             Vessel
             ,
             though
             not
             visibly
             touched
             ,
             first
             tremble
             and
             then
             burst
             ;
             which
             it
             would
             not
             do
             ,
             if
             the
             Voice
             were
             ,
             though
             but
             a
             little
             ,
             too
             low
             or
             too
             high
             .
             This
             notable
             Experiment
             has
             been
             seen
             by
             many
             Vertuosi
             ,
             both
             before
             and
             since
             he
             publish'd
             it
             .
             And
             the
             very
             ingenious
             Writer
             ,
             as
             he
             passed
             through
             London
             ,
             not
             onely
             related
             it
             to
             me
             ,
             but
             very
             civily
             offer'd
             me
             farther
             satisfaction
             ,
             if
             I
             could
             furnish
             Him
             with
             a
             Römer
             ,
             which
             I
             was
             very
             sorry
             that
             where
             we
             then
             were
             was
             not
             to
             be
             procur'd
             .
          
        
         
           
           
             To
             the
             VIIIth
             .
             Chapter
             .
          
           
             Observation
             I.
             
          
           
             IT
             may
             add
             probability
             to
             some
             things
             deliver'd
             in
             this
             Chapter
             and
             in
             divers
             other
             Passages
             of
             this
             Treatise
             ,
             if
             I
             here
             recount
             a
             strange
             Phoenomenon
             ,
             that
             came
             into
             my
             memory
             whilst
             I
             was
             running
             over
             those
             Parts
             of
             this
             Discourse
             .
          
           
             The
             Phoenomenon
             ,
             in
             short
             ,
             was
             this
             .
             Having
             met
             with
             divers
             pieces
             of
             transparent
             Glass
             ,
             which
             I
             had
             reason
             to
             think
             to
             be
             of
             a
             Texture
             or
             Temper
             very
             differing
             from
             ordinary
             Glass
             ,
             I
             thought
             fit
             to
             try
             ,
             whether
             some
             of
             them
             were
             not
             far
             more
             springy
             and
             brittle
             than
             their
             thickness
             would
             make
             one
             expect
             .
             And
             accordingly
             ,
             though
             I
             found
             several
             wherein
             the
             Experiment
             would
             not
             succeed
             ,
             especially
             if
             their
             figure
             were
             not
             convenient
             ,
             yet
             with
             some
             others
             ,
             I
             had
             very
             good
             success
             ,
             and
             
             particularly
             with
             some
             that
             were
             shap'd
             almost
             like
             the
             sharper
             End
             of
             the
             neck
             of
             a
             Retort
             .
             For
             though
             these
             pieces
             of
             Glass
             were
             much
             thicker
             than
             such
             necks
             are
             wont
             to
             be
             ,
             being
             perhaps
             6
             or
             7
             times
             as
             thick
             as
             common
             drinking
             Glasses
             ,
             yet
             I
             more
             than
             once
             made
             the
             Tryal
             succeed
             so
             well
             ,
             that
             ,
             by
             obliquely
             scratching
             them
             ,
             or
             tickling
             them
             if
             I
             may
             so
             speak
             ,
             on
             the
             inside
             with
             the
             head
             or
             point
             of
             a
             Pin
             ,
             they
             would
             forceably
             burst
             into
             many
             pieces
             in
             my
             hand
             .
             In
             which
             surprizing
             Phoenomenon
             ,
             the
             matter
             of
             the
             Glass
             seem'd
             to
             contribute
             something
             to
             this
             odd
             Effect
             ,
             of
             so
             languid
             a
             motion
             ,
             but
             much
             less
             than
             the
             Texture
             ,
             or
             Tension
             ,
             it
             obtain'd
             by
             the
             peculiar
             way
             of
             ordering
             it
             in
             the
             Fire
             and
             the
             Air.
             
          
        
         
           
           
             To
             the
             VIIIth
             .
             Chapter
             .
          
           
             Observation
             II.
             
          
           
             TO
             shew
             that
             the
             Suspicion
             I
             mention
             my self
             ,
             a
             little
             before
             the
             end
             of
             this
             Chapter
             ,
             to
             have
             had
             ,
             that
             the
             breaking
             of
             the
             Stones
             there
             spoken
             of
             might
             possibly
             be
             produc'd
             or
             promoted
             by
             some
             impressions
             ,
             remaining
             after
             the
             strokes
             employ'd
             to
             force
             the
             Stones
             out
             of
             their
             Beds
             ,
             was
             not
             altogether
             without
             ground
             .
          
           
             I
             shall
             here
             observe
             ,
             that
             it
             need
             not
             seem
             incredible
             ,
             that
             faint
             strokes
             and
             attritions
             may
             leave
             more
             lasting
             and
             operative
             Motions
             among
             the
             Insensible
             Parts
             ,
             even
             of
             compact
             and
             solid
             Bodies
             ,
             than
             one
             would
             readily
             imagine
             .
             For
             I
             have
             several
             times
             found
             ,
             sometimes
             by
             Observations
             designedly
             made
             ,
             and
             sometimes
             by
             undesigned
             Accidents
             ,
             that
             ,
             having
             caus'd
             somewhat
             thin
             Vessels
             of
             Glass
             ,
             especially
             Urinals
             ,
             to
             be
             diligently
             
             made
             clean
             with
             Sand
             mixt
             with
             Water
             ,
             to
             loosen
             or
             grate
             off
             the
             foulness
             that
             adher'd
             to
             the
             sides
             of
             the
             Vessel
             ;
             though
             the
             Vessels
             ,
             after
             having
             been
             thus
             made
             clean
             ,
             did
             not
             appear
             to
             have
             receiv'd
             the
             least
             injury
             ,
             and
             would
             continue
             very
             intire
             perhaps
             for
             several
             hours
             ,
             yet
             after
             that
             time
             they
             would
             of
             themselves
             break
             with
             noise
             ,
             and
             thereby
             become
             unserviceable
             for
             the
             future
             .
             But
             though
             this
             happen'd
             to
             many
             Urinals
             ,
             yet
             ,
             because
             to
             more
             others
             it
             did
             not
             ,
             it
             seem'd
             probable
             that
             the
             dissilition
             depended
             chiefly
             upon
             the
             peculiar
             texture
             of
             the
             Glass
             in
             this
             or
             that
             Vessel
             ,
             whether
             acquir'd
             by
             a
             mixture
             of
             the
             Ingredients
             ,
             that
             was
             not
             uniform
             enough
             or
             made
             in
             a
             due
             proportion
             ;
             or
             else
             by
             the
             too
             hasty
             refrigeration
             of
             the
             Vessel
             ,
             especially
             if
             it
             chanc'd
             ,
             as
             is
             not
             very
             unusual
             ,
             to
             be
             cool'd
             more
             hastily
             in
             one
             part
             than
             another
             .
          
        
         
           
           
             To
             the
             IXth
             .
             Chapter
             .
             Pag.
             110.
             
          
           
             Observation
             I.
             
          
           
             BEcause
             there
             are
             divers
             Gems
             ;
             particularly
             those
             Transparent
             ones
             that
             are
             Red
             or
             Blew
             ,
             that
             are
             much
             harder
             than
             Iron
             or
             steel
             ,
             it
             may
             much
             strengthen
             the
             Proof
             of
             our
             8th
             Observation
             ,
             if
             I
             here
             relate
             that
             a
             Jeweller
             to
             a
             great
             Princess
             answer'd
             me
             ,
             that
             when
             he
             polish'd
             Saphyrs
             ,
             Rubies
             ,
             and
             some
             sorts
             of
             other
             hard
             Gems
             ,
             upon
             his
             Mill
             ,
             they
             would
             seem
             when
             attrition
             had
             made
             them
             very
             hot
             ,
             to
             be
             all
             on
             Fire
             ,
             like
             so
             many
             little
             Coals
             :
             And
             that
             each
             of
             them
             had
             the
             light
             it
             afforded
             ting'd
             with
             a
             Colour
             proper
             to
             the
             Stone
             ;
             so
             that
             the
             Ruby
             gave
             a
             Red
             Light
             ,
             the
             Saphyr
             a
             Blew
             ,
             &c.
             
             And
             I
             remember
             that
             inquiring
             of
             a
             skilfull
             Cutter
             of
             Diamonds
             and
             Polisher
             of
             Gems
             ,
             whose
             Customer
             I
             had
             been
             ,
             about
             some
             Conjectures
             I
             had
             concerning
             things
             belonging
             to
             his
             Profession
             ,
             he
             
             answer'd
             me
             that
             sometimes
             ,
             when
             he
             polish'd
             certain
             Stones
             ,
             especially
             Rubies
             ,
             that
             were
             pretty
             large
             and
             perhaps
             not
             thick
             ,
             he
             could
             plainly
             perceive
             that
             the
             Stone
             gap'd
             at
             and
             near
             the
             Edge
             ,
             as
             if
             it
             were
             begun
             to
             be
             crack'd
             ;
             which
             sign
             admonished
             him
             to
             make
             haste
             to
             slacken
             the
             Motion
             of
             the
             Mill
             ,
             lest
             the
             Stone
             should
             absolutely
             burst
             ;
             which
             if
             it
             did
             not
             he
             could
             not
             perceive
             any
             Flaw
             in
             it
             when
             it
             was
             throughly
             cold
             ,
             but
             ,
             which
             was
             strange
             ,
             it
             appear'd
             as
             entire
             as
             ever
             .
             He
             added
             ,
             in
             confirmation
             of
             what
             he
             had
             said
             of
             the
             intense
             Heat
             that
             Gems
             would
             sometimes
             acquire
             by
             Attrition
             ,
             whilst
             they
             were
             in
             polishing
             ,
             that
             having
             lately
             given
             by
             this
             means
             too
             great
             a
             degree
             of
             Heat
             ,
             to
             an
             Oriental
             Topaz
             (
             which
             sort
             of
             that
             Gem
             is
             very
             hard
             ,
             )
             it
             crack'd
             upon
             the
             Mill
             ,
             in
             so
             much
             that
             one
             part
             of
             it
             quite
             separated
             from
             the
             rest
             ,
             and
             spoil'd
             the
             Stone
             in
             the
             capacity
             of
             a
             Gem
             ;
             as
             a
             Proof
             whereof
             he
             had
             laid
             it
             aside
             for
             me
             ,
             and
             would
             needs
             make
             me
             accept
             it
             ,
             as
             
             a
             curious
             ,
             though
             not
             an
             usefull
             ,
             thing
             .
          
        
         
           
             To
             the
             IXth
             Chapter
             .
          
           
             Observation
             II.
             
          
           
             TO
             confirm
             what
             has
             been
             said
             in
             the
             8th
             Observation
             ,
             to
             shew
             that
             slow
             and
             insensible
             Intestine
             Motions
             of
             the
             Parts
             of
             a
             Body
             that
             seem
             quiescent
             ,
             may
             be
             very
             operative
             ,
             chance
             afforded
             me
             a
             notable
             Instance
             ,
             which
             was
             this
             .
             I
             had
             ,
             to
             preserve
             a
             Liquor
             from
             which
             I
             expected
             a
             curious
             Experiment
             ,
             inclos'd
             it
             in
             a
             strong
             Vial
             ,
             to
             whose
             neck
             a
             thick
             Glass
             Stople
             was
             but
             too
             exquisitely
             adapted
             .
             This
             Vessel
             I
             set
             upon
             the
             Edge
             of
             a
             Window
             ,
             in
             a
             high
             and
             secure
             place
             ,
             that
             it
             might
             not
             be
             mov'd
             .
             There
             it
             continu'd
             many
             Months
             ,
             or
             ,
             if
             I
             misremember
             not
             ,
             above
             a
             Year
             .
             And
             the
             Liquor
             was
             of
             such
             a
             nature
             ,
             that
             if
             any
             Body
             had
             ,
             though
             but
             for
             a
             few
             Moments
             ,
             
             taken
             out
             the
             Stople
             ,
             I
             could
             easily
             discover
             it
             .
             But
             after
             all
             this
             while
             ,
             one
             day
             that
             I
             was
             sitting
             in
             my
             Closet
             ,
             at
             a
             good
             distance
             from
             the
             place
             in
             which
             the
             Vial
             stood
             ,
             I
             heard
             a
             loud
             and
             brisk
             noise
             ,
             almost
             like
             the
             report
             of
             a
             Pistol
             ,
             and
             then
             perceiv'd
             that
             something
             came
             rolling
             to
             my
             Feet
             :
             I
             hastily
             took
             it
             up
             ,
             and
             ,
             found
             it
             to
             be
             the
             thicker
             and
             larger
             part
             of
             the
             Stople
             of
             my
             Vial
             ,
             which
             of
             it self
             had
             flown
             off
             ,
             leaving
             the
             remaining
             part
             so
             closely
             and
             strongly
             adjusted
             to
             the
             Neck
             ,
             which
             serv'd
             it
             for
             a
             kind
             of
             Socket
             ,
             that
             I
             could
             by
             no
             means
             pull
             it
             out
             thence
             .
             At
             this
             Accident
             I
             was
             not
             a
             little
             surpriz'd
             ,
             considering
             the
             thickness
             of
             the
             Solid
             Glass
             ,
             and
             that
             it
             had
             stood
             so
             long
             unmov'd
             ,
             and
             that
             the
             bigger
             and
             heavier
             part
             of
             the
             Stople
             broke
             off
             from
             the
             other
             with
             such
             violence
             ,
             and
             was
             carry'd
             from
             it
             by
             invisible
             motors
             to
             so
             great
             a
             distance
             .
             Which
             seem'd
             the
             more
             strange
             ,
             because
             there
             was
             no
             shaking
             nor
             treading
             in
             the
             Room
             ,
             that
             
             could
             put
             the
             parts
             of
             the
             Glass
             into
             Motion
             ,
             there
             being
             no
             Body
             present
             but
             my self
             ,
             who
             was
             sitting
             quietly
             and
             studying
             .
          
        
         
           
             To
             the
             IXth
             Chapter
             .
          
           
             Observation
             III.
             
          
           
             TO
             confirm
             what
             I
             have
             in
             the
             eighth
             Observation
             and
             elsewhere
             deliver'd
             about
             the
             latent
             Motion
             of
             Parts
             that
             may
             be
             in
             a
             Body
             not
             onely
             quiescent
             but
             solid
             ,
             I
             shall
             here
             add
             a
             strange
             Instance
             ,
             which
             was
             afforded
             me
             by
             a
             Diamond
             ,
             belonging
             to
             an
             ingenious
             Merchant
             of
             that
             sort
             of
             Gems
             ,
             who
             brought
             many
             fine
             ones
             out
             of
             the
             
               East
               Indies
            
             .
             For
             having
             at
             the
             Diamond-Mine
             it self
             ,
             purchas'd
             amongst
             other
             Stones
             that
             grew
             there
             ,
             a
             rough
             Diamond
             that
             he
             valued
             at
             about
             a
             hundred
             pound
             ,
             and
             had
             well
             considered
             when
             he
             bought
             it
             ;
             coming
             to
             look
             over
             his
             purchase
             again
             once
             
             more
             ,
             about
             Ten
             Days
             or
             a
             Fortnight
             after
             ,
             he
             was
             much
             surpriz'd
             to
             find
             ,
             to
             his
             great
             loss
             ,
             that
             this
             Diamond
             had
             of
             it self
             crack'd
             in
             several
             places
             ,
             and
             so
             became
             of
             little
             or
             no
             value
             ,
             but
             as
             't
             was
             a
             Rarity
             :
             and
             indeed
             I
             could
             not
             without
             wonder
             ,
             see
             so
             fair
             and
             hard
             a
             Stone
             so
             oddly
             spoil'd
             with
             Clefts
             ,
             that
             seem'd
             to
             penetrate
             so
             very
             deep
             ,
             that
             't
             was
             guess'd
             't
             would
             not
             be
             very
             difficult
             to
             pull
             the
             parts
             of
             the
             Stone
             asunder
             .
             And
             on
             this
             occasion
             he
             told
             me
             ,
             that
             he
             had
             admir'd
             this
             Accident
             at
             first
             ,
             much
             more
             than
             he
             did
             afterwards
             .
             For
             complaining
             of
             it
             to
             divers
             Merchants
             and
             Jewellers
             ,
             that
             he
             met
             with
             in
             those
             Parts
             ;
             he
             was
             told
             ,
             that
             ,
             though
             it
             seldom
             happen
             ,
             yet
             't
             was
             no
             such
             wonderfull
             Accident
             ;
             The
             like
             misfortune
             having
             befallen
             others
             as
             well
             as
             him
             .
          
        
      
       
         
         
         
           A
           Postscript
           .
        
         
           THAT
           every
           common
           Reader
           may
           understand
           whatever
           is
           contain'd
           in
           the
           foregoing
           Treatises
           ,
           the
           Publisher
           thought
           fit
           to
           english
           the
           Latin
           Passages
           that
           are
           not
           translated
           by
           the
           Authour
           .
        
         
           
             I.
             Tract
             I.
             Page
             21.
             
          
           
             
               Simon
               Pauli
            
             ,
             in
             his
             ingenious
             Treatise
             of
             Pestilential
             Fevers
             ,
             p.
             71.
             tells
             us
             of
             a
             sick
             Frenchman
             ,
             who
             liv'd
             several
             days
             after
             his
             Arm
             was
             cut
             off
             ,
             though
             he
             was
             all
             the
             while
             most
             cruelly
             tortur'd
             by
             not
             ordinary
             Convulsion
             
             Fits
             :
             But
             what
             is
             most
             observable
             is
             this
             that
             I
             and
             others
             sitting
             one
             day
             by
             his
             Bed-side
             ,
             but
             not
             taking
             notice
             that
             the
             great
             Guns
             were
             going
             off
             from
             the
             King's
             Ships
             ,
             he
             laying
             hold
             ,
             and
             cherishing
             the
             Stump
             of
             his
             Right
             Arm
             ,
             broke
             out
             at
             every
             shot
             into
             these
             pitifull
             words
             :
             
               Jesus
               Maria
            
             ,
             What
             do
             I
             not
             suffer
             !
             I
             am
             quite
             bruis'd
             ;
             so
             troublesome
             ,
             and
             insufferable
             to
             him
             was
             the
             shooting
             of
             the
             great
             Guns
             ,
             though
             at
             a
             great
             distance
             ,
             they
             being
             ,
             fired
             not
             in
             a
             joining
             Continent
             ,
             but
             on
             the
             Balthick-sea
             .
          
        
         
           
             II.
             
          
           
             Platerus
             in
             the
             First
             Book
             of
             his
             Observations
             ,
             p.
             185.
             gives
             us
             this
             following
             Account
             ,
             p.
             26.
             
          
           
             A
             Woman
             being
             fallen
             sick
             on
             a
             sudden
             complain'd
             continually
             of
             her
             being
             strangled
             ,
             though
             there
             was
             no
             great
             appearance
             thereof
             ;
             this
             she
             ascribed
             chiefly
             to
             a
             certain
             Air
             ,
             or
             Wind
             ,
             which
             she
             was
             so
             sensible
             of
             ,
             
             that
             if
             any
             Body
             happen'd
             to
             come
             near
             her
             ,
             she
             would
             immediately
             complain
             of
             her
             being
             choak'd
             ,
             and
             died
             the
             second
             day
             of
             this
             odd
             Distemper
             :
             To
             which
             he
             adds
             ,
             I
             have
             known
             several
             others
             complain
             of
             a
             not
             unlike
             Wind
             ,
             and
             that
             they
             were
             in
             danger
             of
             being
             choak'd
             ,
             if
             any
             body
             came
             near
             'em
             :
             which
             I
             conceiv'd
             always
             to
             be
             a
             very
             ill
             sign
             .
          
        
         
           
             III.
             Page
             57.
             
          
           
             If
             you
             throw
             down
             an
             Animal
             into
             the
             hole
             of
             Viburg
             ,
             which
             is
             in
             Carelia
             ,
             a
             Countrey
             in
             Scandia
             ,
             't
             is
             reported
             that
             there
             breaketh
             immediately
             forth
             a
             great
             and
             insufferable
             sound
             ,
             together
             with
             a
             strong
             wind
             :
             if
             a
             small
             weight
             be
             thrown
             into
             the
             Gap
             of
             Dalmatia
             ,
             though
             ,
             says
             Plinius
             ,
             in
             a
             calm
             day
             ,
             there
             is
             a
             storm
             immediately
             rais'd
             not
             unlike
             that
             which
             is
             occasion'd
             by
             a
             Whirlwind
             .
             
               Agricola
               de
               Natura
               eorum
               quae
               effl
               .
               è
               terra
               ,
               l.
               4.
               c.
               7.
               
            
          
        
         
           
           
             IV.
             Page
             67.
             
          
           
             
               I
               discharg'd
               a
               Pistol
               ,
               being
               upon
               the
               top
               of
               the
               Hill
               ,
               which
               at
               first
               made
               no
               greater
               noise
               than
               that
               which
               usually
               happens
               at
               the
               breaking
               of
               a
               small
               Rod
               :
               but
               after
               a
               little
               while
               the
               noise
               became
               stronger
               ,
               and
               filled
               the
               lower
               parts
               of
               the
               Hill
               ,
               the
               Valleys
               ,
               and
               neighbouring
               Woods
               .
               Now
               coming
               down
               lower
               through
               Snow
               that
               had
               lain
               there
               several
               years
               ,
               and
               having
               discharg'd
               again
               the
               Pistol
               ,
               the
               noise
               became
               on
               a
               sudden
               louder
               than
               that
               of
               the
               greatest
               Guns
               .
               Which
               gave
               me
               some
               grounds
               to
               fear
               that
               the
               whole
               Hill
               ,
               being
               thus
               shaken
               ,
               should
               at
               length
               subside
               :
               this
               sound
               lasted
               half
               a
               quarter
               of
               an
               hour
               ,
               till
               it
               had
               penetrated
               into
               the
               remotest
               Grotto's
               ,
               whence
               the
               parts
               of
               the
               Air
               thrusting
               one
               another
               had
               been
               strongly
               rever
               berated
               :
               and
               because
               no
               such
               concavities
               were
               in
               the
               top
               of
               the
               Hill
               ,
               the
               sound
               was
               first
               insensibly
               reverberated
               ,
               till
            
             
             
               coming
               lower
               and
               nearer
               the
               Grotto's
               and
               Valleys
               it
               was
               strongly
               dash'd
               against
               '
               em
               .
            
          
        
         
           
             V.
             Tract
             II.
             Page
             48.
             
          
           
             'T
             is
             worthy
             our
             admiration
             ,
             says
             Beguinus
             ,
             that
             though
             in
             the
             Neighbourhood
             of
             Hydria
             ,
             in
             the
             Countrey
             of
             Gloricia
             ,
             where
             a
             great
             quantity
             of
             Mercury
             is
             found
             ,
             the
             Pest
             almost
             every
             year
             rageth
             ,
             yet
             it
             is
             always
             free
             from
             the
             Plague
             :
             and
             this
             was
             confirm'd
             to
             me
             by
             Persons
             of
             a
             very
             great
             Age
             ,
             who
             said
             they
             had
             receiv'd
             it
             from
             their
             Ancestours
             .
          
        
         
           
             VI.
             An
             Attractive
             Pestilential
             Plaster
             .
             Page
             84.
             
          
           
             Take
             of
             the
             Gums
             
               Sagapen
               ,
               Ammoniac
               ,
               Galbanum
            
             three
             ounces
             ,
             of
             boil'd
             Turpentine
             ,
             and
             Virgin-wax
             four
             ounces
             ,
             and
             a
             half
             ,
             of
             the
             
               Arsenical
               Loadstone
            
             well
             pulveris'd
             two
             
             ounces
             ,
             of
             
               Arons
               Root
            
             pulveris'd
             anounce
             ;
             let
             the
             Gums
             be
             depurated
             with
             the
             Vinegar
             of
             Squills
             ,
             and
             boil'd
             to
             the
             consistency
             of
             a
             Plaster
             ,
             and
             lastly
             weigh'd
             ;
             then
             according
             to
             the
             usual
             method
             with
             other
             things
             make
             up
             a
             Plaster
             :
             cover
             the
             Carbuncle
             with
             this
             Plaster
             ,
             and
             in
             a
             few
             hours
             it
             will
             draw
             out
             all
             the
             venom
             .
          
        
         
           
             The
             true
             Preparation
             of
             the
             foremention'd
             
               Arsenical
               Loadstone
            
             .
          
           
             Take
             equal
             parts
             of
             Crystal-arsenick
             ,
             of
             
               Sulphur
               of
               Glass
            
             ,
             of
             
               Crude
               Antimony
            
             :
             bray
             them
             to
             powder
             in
             an
             Iron
             Mortar
             ,
             set
             them
             in
             a
             strong
             Glass
             on
             a
             fire
             of
             Sand
             ,
             till
             the
             Glass
             be
             very
             hot
             ,
             and
             the
             foremention's
             Druggs
             melted
             like
             Pitch
             :
             which
             you
             shall
             know
             when
             having
             thrust
             a
             Thred
             into
             the
             bottom
             ,
             the
             matter
             sticking
             to
             it
             does
             rope
             like
             Turpentine
             ;
             which
             is
             a
             sign
             of
             its
             being
             well
             enough
             boil'd
             :
             remove
             then
             the
             Glass
             from
             the
             fire
             ,
             and
             when
             it
             is
             cold
             break
             it
             ;
             reduce
             
             the
             matter
             into
             small
             powder
             ,
             and
             keep
             it
             for
             your
             use
             .
          
        
         
           
             A
             Passage
             belonging
             to
             the
             Supplement
             .
          
           
             
               Borel
               .
               de
               vi
               percussionis
               prop.
               CXI
               .
            
             has
             these
             observable
             words
             .
             I
             was
             at
             Tauromenium
             in
             Sicily
             when
             the
             Mountain
             of
             Aetna
             broke
             out
             near
             Enna
             ,
             a
             Town
             distant
             about
             thirty
             miles
             from
             Tauromenium
             ;
             whilst
             the
             Gap
             did
             send
             out
             now
             and
             then
             with
             a
             great
             noise
             fire
             and
             flame
             all
             the
             Houses
             of
             Tauromenium
             were
             sensibly
             shaken
             :
             and
             it
             was
             observable
             that
             such
             Houses
             as
             look'd
             directly
             towards
             the
             Gap
             ,
             were
             most
             of
             all
             agitated
             .
             Those
             that
             look'd
             otherwise
             shaking
             more
             slowly
             ,
             upon
             which
             matter
             of
             fact
             he
             argues
             thus
             :
             had
             this
             trembling
             been
             occasion'd
             by
             the
             shaking
             of
             the
             Ground
             of
             Tauromenium
             ,
             all
             the
             Houses
             had
             been
             equally
             shak'd
             ,
             since
             this
             inequality
             of
             motion
             could
             not
             be
             ascrib'd
             to
             their
             different
             situation
             .
             Hence
             then
             
             we
             must
             needs
             conclude
             that
             this
             agitation
             was
             produc'd
             by
             the
             impression
             of
             the
             Air
             upon
             the
             Walls
             of
             the
             Houses
             ,
             which
             demonstrates
             to
             us
             the
             great
             efficacy
             of
             a
             sound
             ,
             though
             at
             thirty
             miles
             distance
             .
          
           
        
      
       
         Notes, typically marginal, from the original text
         
           Notes for div A28961-e520
           
             Mr.
             Hooke
             
          
        
         
           Notes for div A28961-e800
           
             Plater
             .
             Observ
             .
             Lib.
             1.
             p.
             185.
             
          
        
         
           Notes for div A28961-e1540
           
             Natur.
             Quaest
             .
             Lib.
             VI.
             Cap.
             25.
             
          
           
             Lib.
             III.
             Cap.
             26.
             
          
           
             De
             nat
             .
             eorum
             quae
             effi
             .
             è
             Terra
             Lib.
             IV.
             Cap.
             7.
             
          
           
             From.
             Meteor
             ,
             Lib.
             II.
             Art.
             9.
             
          
           
             Geograph
             .
             general
             .
             Lib.
             I.
             Cap.
             XIX
             .
          
        
         
           Notes for div A28961-e3680
           
             *
             *
             Purchas
             '
             
               s
               Philgrimage
               ,
               lib.
               6.
               cap.
            
             13.
             
          
           
             *
             *
             Lib.
             2.
             
             P.
             M.
             323.
             
          
           
             *
             *
             De
             abditis
             rerum
             caus
             .
             lib.
             2.
             c.
             13.
             
          
           
             See
             
               Diemerbroeck
               de
               Peste
               ,
               lib.
               1.
               cap.
            
             8.
             
          
           
             Senn.
             
               M.
               P.
               E.
               vi
               .
               p.
            
             65.
             
          
           
             In
             Observat
             .
             nobil
             .
             apud
             Schenkium
             ,
             l.
             7.
             
             Observ
             .
             Med.
             Tit.
             de
             venenis
             ex
             animalibus
             .
          
           
             A
             Discourse
             of
             Subterraneal
             Steams
             as
             they
             affect
             the
             Air.
             
          
           
             *
             *
             C.
             Magnenus
             
               de
               Manna
               ,
               cap.
               9.
               
               Dic
               amabo
               ,
            
             Altomari
             ,
             
               cur
               ante
               trecentos
               annos
               nullum
               Manna
               fuit
               in
               Oenotria
               ;
               jam
               certé
               aderant
               Pagi
               ibidem
               urbésque
               vicinae
               neque
               fefellisset
               curiosam
               Incolarum
               solertiam
               .
               &c.
               15.
               ante
               240.
               annos
               nullum
               Mannae
               Calabreasis
               in
               Autoribus
               vestigium
               est
               .
            
          
        
         
           Notes for div A28961-e9930
           
             Borel
             .
             de
             vi
             Percussionis
             .
             Prop.
             CXI
             .
          
           
             
               Famian
               .
               Strad
            
             .
             de
             Bello
             Belg.
             Dec.
             2.
             lib.
             6
             ,
             vel
             7.