Short memoirs for the natural experimental history of mineral waters addressed by way of letter to a friend / by Robert Boyle.
         Boyle, Robert, 1627-1691.
      
       
         
           1605
        
      
       Approx. 144 KB of XML-encoded text transcribed from 72 1-bit group-IV TIFF page images.
       
         Text Creation Partnership,
         Ann Arbor, MI ; Oxford (UK) :
         2007-01 (EEBO-TCP Phase 1).
         A29026
         Wing B4023
         ESTC R15100
         11719822
         ocm 11719822
         48332
         
           
            This keyboarded and encoded edition of the work described above is co-owned by the institutions providing financial support to the Early English Books Online Text Creation Partnership. This Phase I text is available for reuse, according to the terms of
             Creative Commons 0 1.0 Universal
            . The text can be copied, modified, distributed and performed, even for commercial purposes, all without asking permission.
          
        
      
       
         Early English books online.
      
       
         (EEBO-TCP ; phase 1, no. A29026)
         Transcribed from: (Early English Books Online ; image set 48332)
         Images scanned from microfilm: (Early English books, 1641-1700 ; 525:11)
      
       
         
           
             Short memoirs for the natural experimental history of mineral waters addressed by way of letter to a friend / by Robert Boyle.
             Boyle, Robert, 1627-1691.
          
           [18], 112, [2] p.
           
             Printed for Samual Smith...,
             London :
             1684/5 [ie. 1685].
          
           
             Reproduction of original in Bristol Public Library, Bristol, England.
          
        
      
    
     
       
         Created by converting TCP files to TEI P5 using tcp2tei.xsl, TEI @ Oxford.
         Re-processed by University of Nebraska-Lincoln and Northwestern, with changes to facilitate morpho-syntactic tagging. Gap elements of known extent have been transformed into placeholder characters or elements to simplify the filling in of gaps by user contributors.
      
       
         EEBO-TCP is a partnership between the Universities of Michigan and Oxford and the publisher ProQuest to create accurately transcribed and encoded texts based on the image sets published by ProQuest via their Early English Books Online (EEBO) database (http://eebo.chadwyck.com). The general aim of EEBO-TCP is to encode one copy (usually the first edition) of every monographic English-language title published between 1473 and 1700 available in EEBO.
         EEBO-TCP aimed to produce large quantities of textual data within the usual project restraints of time and funding, and therefore chose to create diplomatic transcriptions (as opposed to critical editions) with light-touch, mainly structural encoding based on the Text Encoding Initiative (http://www.tei-c.org).
         The EEBO-TCP project was divided into two phases. The 25,363 texts created during Phase 1 of the project have been released into the public domain as of 1 January 2015. Anyone can now take and use these texts for their own purposes, but we respectfully request that due credit and attribution is given to their original source.
         Users should be aware of the process of creating the TCP texts, and therefore of any assumptions that can be made about the data.
         Text selection was based on the New Cambridge Bibliography of English Literature (NCBEL). If an author (or for an anonymous work, the title) appears in NCBEL, then their works are eligible for inclusion. Selection was intended to range over a wide variety of subject areas, to reflect the true nature of the print record of the period. In general, first editions of a works in English were prioritized, although there are a number of works in other languages, notably Latin and Welsh, included and sometimes a second or later edition of a work was chosen if there was a compelling reason to do so.
         Image sets were sent to external keying companies for transcription and basic encoding. Quality assurance was then carried out by editorial teams in Oxford and Michigan. 5% (or 5 pages, whichever is the greater) of each text was proofread for accuracy and those which did not meet QA standards were returned to the keyers to be redone. After proofreading, the encoding was enhanced and/or corrected and characters marked as illegible were corrected where possible up to a limit of 100 instances per text. Any remaining illegibles were encoded as <gap>s. Understanding these processes should make clear that, while the overall quality of TCP data is very good, some errors will remain and some readable characters will be marked as illegible. Users should bear in mind that in all likelihood such instances will never have been looked at by a TCP editor.
         The texts were encoded and linked to page images in accordance with level 4 of the TEI in Libraries guidelines.
         Copies of the texts have been issued variously as SGML (TCP schema; ASCII text with mnemonic sdata character entities); displayable XML (TCP schema; characters represented either as UTF-8 Unicode or text strings within braces); or lossless XML (TEI P5, characters represented either as UTF-8 Unicode or TEI g elements).
         
          Keying and markup guidelines are available at the
           Text Creation Partnership web site
          .
        
      
       
         
         
      
    
     
       
         eng
      
       
         
           Mineral waters -- Early works to 1800.
        
      
    
     
        2006-05 TCP
        Assigned for keying and markup
      
        2006-06 Apex CoVantage
        Keyed and coded from ProQuest page images
      
        2006-07 Derek Lee
        Sampled and proofread
      
        2006-07 Derek Lee
        Text and markup reviewed and edited
      
        2006-09 pfs
        Batch review (QC) and XML conversion
      
    
  
   
     
       
         
         
           SHORT
           MEMOIRS
           FOR
           THE
           Natural
           Experimental
           HISTORY
           OF
           Mineral
           Waters
           .
        
         
           Addressed
           By
           way
           of
           Letter
           to
           a
           Friend
           .
        
         
           By
           the
           Honourable
           
             ROBERT
             BOYLE
          
           ,
           Fellow
           of
           the
           Royal
           Society
           .
        
         
           LONDON
           ,
           Printed
           for
           .
           
             Samuel
             Smith
          
           at
           the
           
             Prince's
             Arms
          
           in
           St.
           Pauls
           Church-Yard
           .
           1684
           /
           5.
           
        
      
       
         
         
         
           Advertisement
           OF
           THE
           PUBLISHER
           .
        
         
           I
           Find
           by
           some
           discourse
           I
           lately
           had
           with
           the
           Author
           ,
           that
           his
           design
           in
           drawing
           up
           his
           Memoirs
           ,
           being
           to
           set
           down
           what
           had
           occurr'd
           to
           him
           of
           his
           own
           Observation
           and
           Experiments
           ,
           he
           purposely
           forbore
           to
           consult
           the
           Authors
           that
           have
           professedly
           written
           upon
           Medical
           Waters
           ,
           he
           would
           by
           no
           means
           have
           it
           thought
           ,
           that
           he
           undervalued
           those
           Learned
           Writers
           that
           he
           forb●●e
           to
           cite
           ,
           because
           he
           had
           them
           not
           at
           hand
           ,
           as
           well
           as
           because
           his
           design
           did
           not
           require
           he
           should
           transcribe
           from
           them
           .
           And
           therefore
           he
           desires
           ,
           that
           his
           Readers
           should
           not
           be
           kept
           ,
           by
           any
           thing
           he
           has
           written
           ,
           from
           consulting
           other
           Writers
           that
           have
           treated
           of
           Mineral
           Waters
           ,
           
           especially
           the
           late
           Ingenious
           Exercitations
           ,
           of
           the
           Learned
           Doctor
           
             Lister
             De
             Fontibus
             Medicatis
             Angliae
          
           (
           after
           mentioned
           by
           our
           Author
           ,
           )
           and
           the
           curious
           little
           Tract
           of
           the
           French
           Mineral
           Waters
           ,
           that
           was
           brought
           our
           Author
           in
           English
           ,
           after
           his
           Memoirs
           were
           come
           to
           him
           from
           the
           Press
           ,
           publish'd
           by
           the
           Virtuosi
           of
           the
           famous
           Royal
           Academy
           ,
           of
           Sciences
           at
           Paris
           ,
           especially
           where
           they
           curiosly
           examine
           the
           Saline
           and
           earthly
           .
           Residences
           of
           Waters
           ,
           which
           our
           Author
           has
           not
           done
           to
           the
           remains
           of
           our
           
             English
             Acidulae
          
           ,
           of
           which
           Liquors
           he
           had
           for
           the
           most
           part
           such
           incompetent
           quantities
           as
           concurr'd
           with
           another
           reason
           to
           discourag'd
           him
           from
           publishing
           his
           Tryals
           on
           them
           .
           Yet
           I
           may
           safely
           say
           what
           he
           offers
           here
           to
           the
           Reader
           is
           far
           beyond
           any
           thing
           that
           has
           been
           publish'd
           in
           this
           kind
           ;
           for
           the
           Virtuosi
           as
           well
           as
           the
           Water-drinkers
           may
           reap
           no
           small
           benefit
           by
           the
           perusal
           of
           this
           learned
           Treatise
           ,
           as
           containing
           a
           great
           number
           both
           of
           useful
           Observations
           ,
           and
           unusual
           Experiments
           .
        
      
       
         
         
           Advertisement
           .
        
         
           
             THe
             Author
             of
             the
             following
             Papers
             had
             thoughts
             of
             reviewing
             and
             inlarging
             them
             before
             he
             parted
             with
             them
             ;
             and
             at
             least
             ,
             of
             an
             annexing
             Notes
             to
             several
             of
             those
             Titles
             of
             the
             historical
             Platform
             ,
             that
             are
             yet
             left
             untouch'd
             .
             But
             ,
             besides
             his
             want
             of
             health
             and
             leisure
             ,
             he
             was
             ,
             by
             the
             supervening
             of
             some
             urgent
             occasions
             ,
             oblig'd
             abruptly
             enough
             to
             lay
             aside
             this
             work
             he
             was
             about
             ,
             and
             apply
             himself
             to
             others
             ,
             that
             concern'd
             him
             more
             than
             the
             Scrutiny
             of
             Mineral
             Waters
             could
             .
             Wherefore
             considering
             ,
             that
             he
             had
             already
             made
             Annotations
             ,
             though
             but
             short
             ones
             ,
             upon
             most
             of
             the
             considerablest
             Titles
             or
             Topicks
             of
             inquiry
             ,
             enumerated
             in
             the
             Second
             and
             Principal
             Part
             of
             his
             
             Schemes
             above
             them
             ,
             he
             was
             content
             to
             give
             the
             ensuing
             writing
             unfinished
             as
             it
             was
             ,
             to
             the
             Solicitations
             of
             some
          
           Vertuosi
           ,
           
             who
             rather
             than
             tarry
             till
             he
             should
             have
             an
             opportunity
             ,
             which
             he
             knows
             not
             how
             long
             he
             shall
             want
             ,
             were
             desirous
             to
             take
             what
             they
             sound
             ready
             ,
             with
             all
             its
             imperfections
             .
             Which
             pressingness
             of
             theirs
             he
             could
             not
             deny
             to
             be
             the
             more
             excusable
             ,
             on
             this
             occasion
             ,
             because
             the
             communicated
             writing
             is
             not
             pretended
             to
             be
             a
             full
             and
             methodical
             History
             of
             Mineral
             Waters
             ,
             but
             only
             a
             bundle
             of
          
           Short
           Memoirs
           ,
           
             contributed
             towards
             the
             compiling
             of
             such
             a
             Work.
             
          
        
         
           
             These
             ,
             that
             they
             may
             be
             the
             more
             conveniently
             cited
             or
             referr'd
             to
             ,
             I
             thought
             sit
             to
             divide
             into
             six
             Sections
             ;
             where
             of
             the
             First
             is
             introductory
             ,
             and
             and
             contains
             some
             General
             Considerations
             about
             the
             Occasion
             ,
             the
             Subject
             ,
             and
             some
             other
             things
             relating
             to
             those
             Memoirs
             .
             The
             Second
             contains
             only
             a
             set
             of
             Titles
             for
             the
             First
             Part
             of
             the
             proposed
             Work
             ,
             because
             urgent
             occasions
             kept
             me
             from
             making
             ,
             as
             I
             
             intended
             ,
             some
             Marginal
             Notes
             ,
             upon
             several
             of
             the
             particular
             Articles
             .
             The
             third
             exhibits
             a
             Scheme
             of
             Titles
             for
             the
             Second
             Part
             of
             the
             propos'd
             work
             ,
          
           viz.
           
             The
             way
             of
             experimentally
             exploring
             portions
             of
             a
             Mineral
             Water
             sever'd
             from
             the
             Spring
             or
             Receptacle
             .
             And
             because
             the
             Second
             Part
             is
             that
             which
             I
             mainly
             design'd
             ,
             I
             have
             referr'd
             to
             it
             two
             other
             Sections
             ,
             one
             ,
             which
             is
             the
             Fourth
             ,
             containing
             a
             Collection
             of
             Experiments
             and
             Observations
             relating
             to
             the
             usual
             way
             of
             examining
             Mineral
             Waters
             by
             Galls
             ,
             as
             a
          
           Specimen
           
             given
             on
             the
             13th
             Title
             of
             larger
             Annotations
             on
             the
             Titles
             of
             the
             Second
             Part
             ;
             and
             the
          
           other
           
             consisting
             of
             less
             copious
             Annotations
             ,
             and
             sometimes
             much
             shorter
             Notes
             on
             divers
             other
             Articles
             of
             the
             same
             Second
             Part.
             To
             which
             Lastly
             is
             subjoyn'd
             the
             sixth
             Section
             ,
             consisting
             only
             of
             a
             Set
             of
             Articles
             ,
             referrable
             to
             the
             Medicinal
             use
             of
             Mineral
             Waters
             ;
             together
             with
             a
             Conclusion
             address'd
             to
             the
             ingenious
             Dr.
             that
             set
             me
             upon
             this
             Task
             .
             In
             prosecuting
             of
             which
             I
             desire
             
             it
             may
             not
             be
             thought
             strange
             ,
             that
             I
             have
             not
             cited
             Authors
             that
             have
             written
             of
          
           Thermae
           
             or
             of
          
           Acidulae
           .
           
             For
             in
             the
             disadvantageous
             Circumstances
             wherein
             I
             wrote
             ,
             I
             should
             have
             been
             kept
             from
             consulting
             them
             ,
             if
             I
             had
             had
             them
             at
             hand
             .
             And
             I
             thought
             it
             enough
             for
             for
             me
             at
             that
             time
             ,
             to
             impart
             to
             my
             Friends
             ,
             what
             my
             own
             Experiments
             and
             Thoughts
             had
             furnish'd
             me
             with
             ,
             how
             little
             or
             mean
             soever
             that
             was
             .
             Which
             Advertisement
             is
             therefore
             the
             more
             fit
             to
             be
             here
             given
             ,
             that
             I
             may
             not
             divert
             any
             from
             studying
             those
             more
             elaborate
             Pieces
             ,
             that
             have
             within
             no
             long
             time
             been
             publish'd
             by
             skilful
             Men
             ,
             and
             especially
             by
             the
             very
             learned
             ,
             Dr.
          
           Lister
           .
        
      
       
         
         
           The
           most
           Material
           Heads
           contained
           in
           the
           foregoing
           Treatise
           .
        
         
           
             1.
             
             THE
             Advertisement
             to
             the
             Reader
             ,
             containing
             the
             Division
             ,
             Method
             and
             Scope
             of
             this
             present
             Treatise
             .
          
           
             2.
             
             The
             occasion
             of
             this
             Treatise
             ,
             and
             its
             importance
             .
             page
             1
             ,
             2
          
           
             3.
             
             That
             the
             best
             way
             of
             discovering
             the
             Qualities
             of
             Mineral
             Waters
             ,
             is
             a
             long
             and
             sufficient
             Experience
             .
             3
          
           
             4.
             
             What
             may
             encourage
             us
             to
             undertake
             the
             Natural
             History
             of
             Mineral
             Waters
             ?
             4
          
           
             5.
             
             What
             things
             are
             fit
             to
             be
             taken
             notice
             of
             by
             him
             that
             would
             give
             an
             historical
             account
             of
             Mineral
             Waters
             .
             5
             ,
             6
          
           
             6.
             
             That
             the
             Author
             hath
             both
             qualified
             Practical
             and
             Speculative
             Physicians
             by
             this
             Treatise
             .
             7
          
           
           
             7.
             
             What
             hindred
             the
             Author
             from
             illustrating
             all
             the
             sets
             of
             Titles
             with
             a
             kind
             of
             Rationale
             .
             8
          
           
             8.
             
             Wherefore
             the
             Author
             hath
             proposed
             so
             many
             different
             inquiries
             about
             Mineral
             Waters
             .
             9
             ,
             10
             ,
             11
             ,
             12
          
           
             9.
             
             Vpon
             what
             account
             the
             Examin
             of
             the
             properties
             of
             Mineral
             Waters
             is
             of
             so
             great
             importance
             .
             13
             ,
             14
          
           
             10.
             
             That
             men
             should
             make
             search
             both
             after
             
               Subterraneal
               Springs
            
             and
             Wells
             ,
             and
             their
             operations
             upon
             Humane
             Bodies
             .
             15
             ,
             16
          
           
             11.
             
             Titles
             for
             the
             Natural
             History
             of
             a
             Mineral
             Water
             proposed
             considered
             as
             being
             gilt
             in
             its
             Channel
             or
             Receptacles
             ,
             being
             the
             first
             or
             Mineralogical
             part
             of
             the
             designed
             Work.
             17
          
           
             12.
             
             Titles
             for
             the
             Natural
             History
             of
             a
             Mineral
             Water
             proposed
             consider'd
             as
             drawn
             out
             of
             the
             Spring
             or
             Receptacle
             ,
             being
             the
             Second
             or
             Physico
             Chymical
             part
             of
             the
             designed
             work
             .
             24
          
           
             13.
             
             An
             Appendix
             containing
             Paralipomena
             ,
             and
             a
             Chaos
             of
             observations
             
             and
             Experiments
             .
             32
          
           
             14.
             
             The
             powder
             of
             Galls
             fitter
             to
             produce
             a
             new
             colour
             in
             Mineral
             Wa●●●●
             than
             their
             infusion
             .
             33
          
           
             15.
             
             The
             parts
             of
             the
             infusion
             of
             Galls
             that
             produce
             the
             new
             colour
             with
             ferruginous
             Waters
             are
             apt
             to
             fly
             away
             ;
             neither
             the
             tincture
             nor
             the
             powder
             must
             be
             stale
             .
             34
             ,
             35
          
           
             16.
             
             The
             best
             way
             for
             producing
             of
             new
             colours
             with
             Mineral
             Waters
             is
             to
             make
             the
             infusion
             of
             Galls
             with
             a
             certain
             weight
             of
             the
             Powder
             in
             a
             determinate
             weight
             of
             Water
             .
             35
             ,
             36
          
           
             17.
             
             Oaken
             leaves
             ,
             dryed
             red
             Rose
             leaves
             ,
             the
             Juice
             ,
             the
             Peel
             of
             Pomegranates
             ,
             the
             Blossoms
             called
             commonly
             Callaustia
             ,
             and
             some
             other
             astringent
             vegetables
             may
             be
             substituted
             to
             Galls
             .
             38
          
           
             18.
             
             The
             Eye
             must
             be
             Judge
             of
             the
             Impregnation
             of
             the
             Water
             by
             the
             infusion
             or
             Powder
             of
             Galls
             .
             37
          
           
             19.
             
             The
             way
             of
             trying
             Mineral
             Waters
             by
             the
             change
             of
             colours
             that
             Galls
             produce
             in
             them
             ,
             is
             neither
             of
             that
             extent
             ,
             nor
             of
             that
             certainty
             't
             is
             vulgarly
             
             presumed
             to
             be
             of
             39
          
           
             20.
             
             There
             are
             divers
             Metalline
             Oars
             ,
             and
             other
             Mineral
             Bodies
             ,
             which
             not
             particpating
             of
             Iron
             ,
             will
             not
             be
             discoverable
             by
             the
             infusion
             of
             Galls
             .
             ib.
             
          
           
             21.
             
             A
             Body
             of
             a
             Metalline
             Nature
             and
             not
             participating
             of
             Iron
             ,
             may
             ,
             with
             infusion
             of
             Galls
             ,
             afford
             a
             very
             dark
             colour
             .
             40
          
           
             22.
             
             'T
             is
             not
             certain
             if
             all
             the
             Liquors
             impregnated
             with
             Iron
             will
             be
             discovered
             to
             be
             so
             by
             the
             colour
             they
             afford
             with
             Galls
             .
             ib.
             
          
           
             23.
             
             That
             it
             is
             a
             mistake
             generally
             taken
             for
             granted
             ,
             viz.
             That
             the
             infusion
             of
             Galls
             will
             certainly
             discover
             by
             becoming
             black
             ,
             or
             Purple
             of
             a
             Mineral
             Water
             that
             is
             mix'd
             with
             it
             be
             to
             vitriolate
             .
             41
          
           
             24.
             
             An
             odd
             kind
             of
             whitish
             Earth
             to
             be
             found
             in
             the
             Northern
             Countreys
             of
             England
             where
             there
             come
             divers
             Mineral
             Waters
             .
             42
          
           
             25.
             
             Galls
             being
             cast
             into
             the
             solutions
             of
             several
             Metals
             produc'd
             no
             blackish
             colour
             ,
             except
             with
             the
             solution
             
             of
             Gold.
             44
          
           
             26.
             
             A
             Sulphureous
             Liquor
             proclaiming
             notable
             changes
             of
             colours
             with
             several
             solutions
             of
             Metals
             .
             ib.
             
          
           
             27.
             
             'T
             is
             fit
             ,
             if
             not
             necessary
             ,
             that
             the
             experimenter
             look
             upon
             the
             change
             of
             colours
             made
             by
             Galls
             both
             while'tis
             a
             producing
             ,
             and
             where'tis
             produced
             in
             a
             good
             light
             ,
             and
             with
             a
             heedful
             eye
             .
             46
          
           
             28.
             
             That
             there
             may
             be
             a
             kind
             of
             Physiognogmy
             of
             natural
             Bodies
             ,
             as
             well
             as
             of
             Humane
             faces
             .
             ib.
             
          
           
             29.
             
             A
             way
             to
             vary
             the
             Shades
             and
             other
             Phoenomena
             of
             Colours
             produc'd
             with
             Mineral
             Liquors
             .
             47
          
           
             30.
             
             Another
             way
             somewhat
             differing
             from
             the
             former
             .
             48
          
           
             31.
             
             'T
             is
             convenient
             to
             use
             besides
             Galls
             or
             Oaken-leaves
             ,
             for
             the
             producing
             of
             new
             Colours
             with
             Mineral
             Waters
             ,
             Red-Roses
             ,
             Balerustium
             ,
             Leolewood
             ,
             Brasil
             ,
             and
             other
             astringent
             Pigments
             .
             50
          
           
             32.
             
             A
             way
             of
             making
             a
             Liquor
             which
             will
             turn
             black
             with
             a
             solution
             either
             of
             Martial
             or
             Capreous
             Vitriol
             .
             51.
             
          
           
             
             33.
             
             Many
             Waters
             may
             partake
             of
             Sulphur
             ,
             without
             being
             taken
             notice
             of
             to
             do
             so
             .
             54
          
           
             34.
             
             That
             Copper
             that
             hath
             been
             melted
             into
             a
             body
             ,
             may
             be
             so
             subtilised
             and
             disguised
             ,
             as
             to
             have
             a
             multitude
             of
             its
             metalline
             parts
             made
             ascend
             with
             others
             in
             the
             form
             of
             a
             transparent
             Liquor
             like
             common
             Water
             ,
             and
             yet
             by
             putting
             to
             it
             another
             substance
             ,
             as
             volatile
             and
             colourless
             as
             it self
             ,
             it
             will
             presently
             discover
             the
             Copper
             it
             contain'd
             by
             turning
             as
             blew
             as
             Saphire
             .
             55
          
           
             35.
             
             Experiments
             discovering
             the
             inexistence
             of
             Arsenick
             in
             Water
             ,
             and
             somewhat
             of
             the
             nature
             of
             that
             dangerous
             Mineral
             .
             56
          
           
             36.
             
             The
             deleterious
             nature
             of
             Arsenick
             consists
             not
             only
             ,
             or
             mainly
             in
             a
             transcendently
             Acid
             ,
             nor
             in
             a
             lixiviate
             causticle
             quality
             ,
             but
             in
             a
             corrosiveness
             
               sui
               generis
               .
               ib.
            
             
          
           
             37.
             
             An
             useful
             way
             for
             Water-drinkers
             ,
             of
             examining
             a
             Mineral
             Water
             suspected
             to
             contain
             Arsenick
             .
             60
          
           
             38.
             
             Why
             the
             Author
             hath
             insisted
             so
             
             much
             upon
             the
             Thirteenth
             Article
             of
             the
             set
             of
             Titles
             .
             61
          
           
             39.
             
             To
             what
             the
             knowledge
             of
             the
             degree
             of
             coldness
             in
             the
             Water
             ,
             especially
             if
             it
             be
             extraordinary
             may
             be
             useful
             .
             63
          
           
             40.
             
             Divers
             ways
             of
             estimating
             the
             degrees
             of
             coldness
             ,
             and
             heat
             in
             the
             Water
             .
             64
          
           
             41.
             
             The
             usefulness
             of
             the
             knowledge
             of
             the
             specifick
             gravity
             of
             a
             Mineral
             Water
             .
             ib.
             
          
           
             42.
             
             The
             difficulty
             of
             weighing
             exactly
             Liquors
             .
             67
          
           
             43.
             
             The
             most
             exact
             way
             of
             measuring
             the
             weight
             of
             Waters
             .
             68
          
           
             44.
             
             The
             determinate
             weights
             of
             most
             Mineral
             Waters
             ,
             and
             others
             about
             London
             ,
             as
             likewise
             of
             the
             
               German
               Spaw-water
            
             .
             69
          
           
             45.
             
             How
             to
             discover
             the
             kind
             of
             Soil
             through
             which
             the
             Water
             hath
             passed
             .
             71
          
           
             46.
             
             No
             difference
             observed
             between
             Mineral
             Waters
             ,
             and
             common
             Water
             look'd
             upon
             through
             good
             Microscopes
             .
             72
          
           
             
             47.
             
             That
             the
             little
             Creatures
             we
             discover
             through
             magnifying
             Glasses
             in
             Water
             ,
             wherein
             Pepper
             has
             been
             infused
             ,
             are
             not
             inanimate
             concretions
             ,
             but
             really
             living
             creatures
             .
             73
          
           
             48.
             
             Where
             the
             Scent
             of
             several
             Mineral
             Waters
             are
             best
             judged
             of
             .
             74
          
           
             49.
             
             That
             there
             are
             some
             Springs
             of
             ●●l
             Viny
             odour
             .
             ib.
             
          
           
             50.
             
             That
             men
             are
             apt
             to
             take
             all
             stinking
             Waters
             for
             sulphureous
             ,
             whereas
             sometimes
             they
             are
             bituminous
             ,
             tho
             the
             Spring
             may
             sometimes
             partake
             both
             of
             Sulphur
             and
             Bitumen
             .
             75
          
           
             51.
             
             That
             there
             is
             a
             manifest
             difference
             in
             reference
             to
             transportation
             in
             such
             Ferruginous
             Waters
             as
             are
             lighter
             than
             common
             Water
             .
             76
          
           
             52.
             how
             we
             may
             ghess
             at
             the
             Saltness
             of
             Waters
             .
             79
          
           
             53.
             
             That
             it
             is
             not
             easy
             to
             discover
             the
             accidity
             of
             Liquors
             .
             81
          
           
             54.
             
             By
             what
             waies
             we
             may
             know
             the
             predominancy
             of
             Acidity
             in
             the
             Salt
             proposed
             ?
             85
          
           
             55.
             
             How
             we
             may
             know
             the
             predominancy
             of
             an
             Alcaly
             in
             the
             Salt
             of
             a
             
             Mineral
             Water
             .
             86
          
           
             56.
             
             Salt
             afforded
             by
             the
             famous
             Waters
             of
             Bourben
             in
             France
             found
             to
             be
             Alcalisate
             .
             88
          
           
             57.
             
             Several
             ways
             of
             discovering
             Vitriol
             to
             be
             predominant
             in
             the
             Saline
             part
             of
             a
             Mineral
             Water
             .
             ib.
             
          
           
             56.
             
             What
             Salts
             our
             English
             waters
             are
             impregnated
             with
             ,
             and
             from
             what
             Salt
             the
             purgative
             vertue
             that
             is
             found
             in
             many
             of
             them
             ,
             as
             in
             
               Epsom
               ,
               Barnet
            
             ,
             and
             Acton
             Waters
             ,
             &c.
             does
             proceed
             .
             90
          
           
             57.
             
             That
             two
             Bodies
             ,
             which
             are
             neither
             of
             them
             Cathartick
             ,
             may
             by
             change
             of
             texture
             wrought
             in
             one
             another
             ,
             compose
             a
             third
             Body
             ,
             that
             is
             briskly
             purgative
             .
             92
          
           
             58.
             
             How
             great
             an
             inequality
             may
             be
             sometimes
             met
             with
             in
             the
             proportion
             that
             the
             same
             quantity
             of
             two
             differing
             Mineral
             Waters
             bear
             to
             the
             
               Caput
               Mortuum
            
             ,
             they
             respectively
             afford
             .
             94
          
           
             59.
             
             That
             a
             small
             quantity
             of
             matter
             of
             which
             perhaps
             not
             one
             half
             is
             Saline
             ,
             or
             Metalline
             (
             the
             rest
             being
             terresstrial
             )
             
             may
             impart
             a
             manifest
             vertue
             to
             a
             great
             proportion
             of
             Water
             .
             95
          
           
             60.
             
             A
             Spirit
             richly
             ,
             impregnated
             with
             volatiliz'd
             Sulphur
             ,
             produceth
             with
             Vitriol
             ,
             in
             a
             trice
             whether
             in
             the
             form
             of
             a
             powder
             ,
             or
             solution
             ,
             a
             very
             dark
             ,
             or
             blackish
             colour
             .
             99
          
           
             61.
             
             Titles
             for
             the
             natural
             History
             of
             a
             Mineral
             Water
             propos'd
             consider'd
             as
             a
             Medicine
             being
             the
             third
             part
             of
             the
             design'd
             work
             .
             102
          
           
             62.
             
             A
             short
             discourse
             of
             the
             Author
             relating
             to
             this
             present
             Treatise
             .
             110
          
           
             63.
             
             If
             the
             fall
             of
             Rains
             weakneth
             the
             Vertue
             of
             the
             Mineral
             Waters
             .
             6
             ,
             113.
             
          
        
      
    
     
       
         
         
           Short
           Memoirs
           FOR
           THE
           Natural
           and
           Experimental
           HISTORY
           OF
           Particular
           Mineral
           Waters
           ,
           Address'd
           to
           his
           Learned
           Friend
           ,
           Dr.
           
             S.
             L
             ▪
          
        
         
           
             SECT
             .
             I.
             
          
           
             SO
             many
             years
             ,
             Sir
             ,
             have
             past
             ,
             since
             I
             had
             occasion
             to
             consider
             Mineral
             Waters
             ,
             and
             opportunity
             to
             make
             Tryals
             on
             them
             with
             any
             Application
             of
             Mind
             ;
             
             that
             ,
             tho'
             since
             that
             time
             some
             Virtuosi
             have
             been
             pleas'd
             publickly
             to
             declare
             ,
             that
             they
             found
             some
             directions
             they
             received
             from
             me
             not
             unuseful
             to
             the
             Examen
             of
             such
             Waters
             ;
             yet
             having
             sorgotten
             many
             of
             my
             past
             thoughts
             ,
             and
             lost
             on
             mislaid
             most
             of
             my
             Memorials
             about
             matters
             of
             fact
             relating
             to
             those
             Liquors
             ,
             I
             fear
             I
             shall
             not
             be
             able
             to
             satisfy
             either
             you
             ,
             or
             my self
             ,
             by
             what
             I
             now
             write
             about
             them
             .
             But
             how
             ever
             ,
             since
             you
             will
             needs
             have
             me
             say
             something
             upon
             this
             Subject
             since
             it
             is
             a
             noble
             one
             ,
             as
             that
             where
             in
             the
             health
             of
             thousands
             is
             concern'd
             ;
             since
             't
             is
             of
             late
             grown
             to
             be
             more
             priz'd
             and
             discours'd
             of
             ,
             than
             ever
             ;
             and
             since
             I
             have
             observed
             mens
             curiosity
             about
             it
             to
             have
             been
             confin'd
             to
             very
             narrow
             Limits
             ,
             most
             men
             contenting
             themselves
             with
             the
             discoveries
             they
             can
             make
             by
             the
             Infusion
             of
             Galls
             (
             or
             their
             Body
             ,
             )
             and
             perhaps
             a
             slightly
             improv'd
             evaporation
             :
             Since
             ,
             I
             say
             ,
             I
             have
             these
             invitations
             to
             obey
             you
             ,
             I
             am
             content
             
             to
             offer
             you
             my
             Advices
             ,
             such
             as
             they
             are
             ,
             for
             the
             drawing
             up
             of
             such
             a
             natural
             History
             of
             a
             Mineral
             Water
             propos'd
             as
             ,
             being
             comprehensive
             of
             many
             Inquiries
             and
             Wayes
             of
             Indagation
             that
             even
             Physicians
             have
             either
             not
             known
             or
             overlook'd
             ,
             may
             probably
             afford
             a
             more
             reaching
             notice
             ,
             and
             inlarg'd
             knowledge
             of
             the
             Subject
             treated
             of
             .
             Upon
             which
             account
             I
             have
             ,
             I
             confess
             ,
             a
             desire
             and
             an
             aim
             ,
             tho'
             no
             great
             hope
             ,
             that
             this
             rude
             Essay
             may
             ,
             by
             your
             Improvements
             and
             those
             of
             your
             Learned
             Friends
             ,
             be
             made
             of
             some
             service
             to
             the
             Publick
             .
          
           
             2.
             
             But
             here
             I
             must
             ingenuously
             own
             to
             you
             ,
             that
             notwithstanding
             the
             many
             wayes
             I
             propose
             ,
             of
             discovering
             the
             natures
             or
             Qualities
             of
             Mineral
             Waters
             ,
             yet
             I
             think
             the
             surest
             way
             of
             knowing
             them
             ,
             is
             a
             long
             and
             sufficient
             Experience
             of
             their
             good
             and
             bad
             effects
             .
             For
             I
             strongly
             suspect
             ,
             and
             it
             may
             be
             partly
             know
             ,
             that
             there
             are
             ,
             beneath
             the
             surface
             of
             the
             Earth
             ,
             divers
             Mineral
             Substances
             ,
             
             some
             fix'd
             ,
             and
             some
             volatile
             ,
             some
             in
             the
             form
             of
             hard
             Bodies
             ,
             some
             of
             soft
             ones
             ,
             some
             of
             Liquors
             ,
             and
             some
             of
             Fumes
             ,
             divers
             of
             which
             the
             generality
             ,
             even
             of
             Learned
             men
             ,
             are
             altogether
             strangers
             to
             ;
             besides
             those
             that
             ,
             tho'
             some
             men
             may
             chance
             to
             have
             seen
             ,
             have
             their
             natures
             so
             little
             known
             ,
             that
             they
             have
             not
             so
             much
             as
             names
             assign'd
             to
             them
             .
             So
             that
             when
             I
             consider
             ,
             that
             of
             the
             Ingredients
             we
             are
             unacquainted
             with
             (
             to
             pass
             by
             all
             the
             rest
             that
             the
             Earth
             may
             conceal
             )
             the
             proportions
             wherein
             they
             are
             mingled
             may
             be
             numberless
             ,
             and
             the
             Qualities
             resulting
             from
             these
             Commixtures
             may
             be
             very
             differing
             from
             those
             of
             the
             separate
             Ingredients
             ,
             I
             am
             apt
             too
             look
             upon
             the
             difficulty
             ,
             of
             Securely
             determining
             the
             Effects
             of
             Mineral
             Waters
             
               à
               priori
            
             ,
             as
             little
             ,
             if
             at
             all
             ,
             less
             than
             insuperable
             to
             Humane
             Understandings
             .
          
           
             3.
             
             But
             this
             difficulty
             is
             not
             such
             ,
             as
             ought
             to
             make
             us
             think
             it
             useless
             ,
             to
             have
             a
             good
             Project
             of
             the
             natural
             
             History
             of
             a
             Mineral
             Water
             .
             For
             't
             is
             no
             small
             advantage
             ,
             to
             know
             what
             particulars
             are
             fit
             for
             our
             Inquiry
             ,
             to
             be
             furnish'd
             with
             a
             Sett
             of
             heads
             ,
             to
             which
             one
             may
             conveniently
             refer
             whatever
             he
             tries
             ,
             or
             observes
             ,
             about
             the
             Subject
             propos'd
             .
             And
             (
             which
             is
             yet
             more
             considerable
             )
             to
             be
             furnish'd
             with
             variety
             of
             Methods
             or
             ways
             ,
             to
             make
             Tryals
             fit
             for
             investigating
             the
             Nature
             ,
             or
             examining
             the
             Qualities
             ,
             of
             the
             propos'd
             Water
             ;
             since
             by
             the
             number
             and
             variety
             of
             purposely
             and
             fitly
             devis'd
             Experiments
             ,
             he
             that
             makes
             them
             may
             ,
             as
             it
             were
             ,
             view
             his
             subject
             on
             all
             sides
             ,
             and
             be
             much
             assisted
             to
             conjecture
             ,
             what
             Saline
             ,
             or
             other
             Minerals
             known
             to
             us
             ,
             and
             what
             quantities
             of
             them
             ,
             do
             impregnate
             the
             Water
             he
             examines
             ,
             and
             consequently
             what
             effects
             they
             are
             like
             to
             produce
             in
             Humane
             Bodies
             .
          
           
             4.
             
             Though
             there
             be
             three
             sorts
             of
             things
             ,
             fit
             to
             be
             taken
             notice
             of
             by
             him
             that
             would
             give
             an
             Historical
             account
             of
             a
             Mineral
             Water
             ,
             whether
             
             cold
             or
             hot
             ,
             yet
             contenting
             my self
             to
             treat
             but
             very
             cursorily
             of
             those
             that
             belong
             to
             the
             first
             ,
             and
             to
             the
             third
             of
             the
             three
             sorts
             ,
             I
             have
             made
             a
             more
             full
             and
             particular
             Enumeration
             of
             the
             Titles
             that
             peculiarly
             belong
             to
             the
             second
             sort
             of
             observables
             ,
             namely
             those
             that
             mention
             the
             various
             Tryals
             ,
             Chymical
             and
             Mechanical
             ,
             that
             are
             to
             be
             made
             with
             the
             Water
             after
             't
             is
             taken
             out
             of
             the
             Spring
             .
             This
             I
             purposely
             did
             ,
             chiefly
             because
             't
             was
             only
             of
             this
             sort
             of
             particulars
             that
             you
             desir'd
             my
             thoughts
             ,
             and
             partly
             also
             because
             they
             are
             most
             wanted
             and
             desir'd
             by
             Naturalists
             and
             Physicians
             ,
             and
             are
             like
             to
             prove
             the
             most
             instructive
             to
             them
             ;
             having
             also
             this
             to
             recommend
             them
             ,
             that
             ,
             to
             make
             the
             greatest
             part
             of
             them
             by
             far
             ,
             it
             is
             not
             necessary
             that
             a
             man
             repair
             to
             the
             place
             where
             the
             Spring
             rises
             ,
             but
             he
             may
             at
             leisure
             examine
             the
             Water
             at
             home
             ,
             where
             he
             may
             be
             accommodated
             with
             Furnaces
             ,
             vessels
             ,
             and
             other
             conveniences
             ,
             to
             make
             his
             Tryals
             upon
             it
             .
          
           
           
             5.
             
             A
             much
             less
             discerning
             Reader
             ,
             than
             you
             ,
             may
             perceive
             that
             in
             sorming
             the
             insuing
             Project
             of
             a
             Natural
             History
             ,
             I
             aim'd
             much
             more
             to
             assist
             practical
             Physicians
             to
             find
             the
             vertues
             and
             effects
             of
             Mineral
             Waters
             ,
             than
             to
             insorm
             Speculative
             Naturalists
             of
             their
             causes
             and
             manner
             of
             being
             generated
             .
             But
             yet
             a
             heedful
             peruser
             may
             find
             ,
             that
             I
             have
             so
             endeavour'd
             to
             gratify
             Physicians
             that
             I
             have
             not
             been
             altogether
             ●anting
             [
             especially
             in
             the
             First
             Part
             ,
             which
             is
             almost
             wholly
             Mineralogical
             ,
             ]
             to
             the
             curiosity
             of
             Philosophers
             ,
             as
             it
             relates
             to
             all
             sorts
             of
             Mineral
             Waters
             :
             Tho'
             you
             may
             easily
             enough
             discern
             ,
             and
             readily
             confess
             it
             ,
             that
             the
             following
             Paper
             does
             much
             more
             regard
             those
             cold
             ones
             ,
             that
             from
             the
             Acid
             Tast
             that
             is
             found
             in
             most
             of
             them
             are
             call'd
             Acidulae
             ,
             than
             those
             other
             Waters
             ,
             that
             from
             their
             heat
             are
             commonly
             styl'd
             Thermae
             ,
             because
             the
             former
             sort
             of
             Mineral
             Waters
             is
             that
             ,
             which
             I
             have
             had
             the
             opportunity
             to
             be
             the
             more
             conversant
             in
             ,
             as
             well
             as
             
             that
             ,
             about
             which
             alone
             you
             have
             desir'd
             my
             Observations
             .
          
           
             6.
             
             I
             had
             once
             thoughts
             of
             illustrating
             the
             following
             Setts
             of
             Titles
             with
             a
             kind
             of
             Rationale
             ,
             briefly
             declaring
             the
             reason
             of
             their
             order
             and
             their
             number
             (
             sor
             both
             these
             were
             considerately
             pitch'd
             upon
             ,
             not
             lighted
             on
             by
             chance
             .
             )
             But
             I
             was
             obliged
             to
             omit
             it
             ,
             when
             I
             sound
             (
             as
             I
             quickly
             did
             )
             that
             I
             had
             too
             little
             leisure
             and
             health
             ,
             to
             imploy
             much
             of
             either
             upon
             a
             troublesom
             work
             of
             no
             greater
             importance
             .
             And
             therefore
             ,
             knowing
             your
             Perspicacity
             to
             be
             more
             than
             sufficient
             to
             make
             you
             discern
             some
             reason
             for
             the
             order
             wherein
             I
             have
             marshall'd
             the
             Articles
             of
             the
             last
             Sett
             of
             Titles
             which
             fall
             under
             the
             Cognizance
             of
             your
             own
             Profession
             ,
             I
             have
             not
             been
             solicitous
             to
             assign
             that
             Reason
             .
             And
             I
             presume
             't
             will
             be
             no
             great
             harm
             ,
             if
             my
             hast
             have
             made
             me
             also
             omit
             to
             perform
             at
             present
             the
             Intention
             I
             had
             to
             make
             here
             and
             there
             some
             Brief
             Marginal
             Notes
             upon
             some
             of
             the
             Articles
             of
             the
             first
             Part.
             And
             
             I
             thought
             it
             sufficient
             (
             if
             not
             also
             capable
             of
             making
             some
             amends
             for
             the
             newly
             mentioned
             Omissions
             )
             to
             make
             them
             somewhat
             numerous
             ,
             and
             some
             of
             them
             large
             Annotations
             upon
             the
             Titles
             or
             Articles
             of
             the
             II
             Part
             :
             This
             being
             indeed
             the
             chief
             that
             I
             design'd
             to
             insist
             on
             ,
             and
             present
             you
             .
          
           
             7.
             
             I
             expect
             it
             will
             be
             wonder'd
             at
             ,
             that
             so
             many
             Inquiries
             should
             be
             propos'd
             ,
             and
             so
             many
             things
             directed
             to
             be
             taken
             notice
             of
             ,
             about
             a
             Subject
             that
             hath
             been
             thought
             so
             barren
             ,
             that
             men
             are
             wont
             to
             think
             their
             curiosity
             great
             enough
             ,
             if
             they
             inquire
             what
             colours
             the
             Mineral
             Water
             will
             strike
             with
             Galls
             ,
             or
             Oaken
             leaves
             ;
             and
             do
             observe
             what
             kind
             and
             quantity
             of
             Salt
             will
             remain
             after
             the
             evaporation
             of
             the
             Liquor
             :
             And
             I
             much
             fear
             ,
             that
             some
             ,
             even
             of
             your
             profession
             ,
             will
             think
             I
             cut
             them
             out
             a
             great
             deal
             too
             much
             work
             ,
             by
             so
             many
             troublesome
             Queries
             and
             Tryals
             .
             But
             I
             confess
             that
             nature
             or
             long
             experience
             having
             made
             me
             ,
             tho'not
             a
             Sceptical
             ,
             yet
             a
             suspicious
             and
             diffident
             
             Philosophiser
             ,
             I
             think
             my self
             obliged
             ,
             on
             difficult
             occasions
             ,
             to
             ask
             more
             than
             ten
             Questions
             before
             I
             presume
             to
             answer
             one
             .
             Nor
             do
             I
             think
             that
             the
             slightness
             of
             anothers
             curiosity
             dispenses
             me
             from
             industriously
             exercising
             mine
             .
             I
             might
             on
             this
             occasion
             represent
             ,
             that
             tho'
             the
             greatest
             Naturalists
             ,
             and
             Physicians
             among
             the
             Ancients
             ,
             did
             not
             only
             mention
             ,
             but
             admire
             and
             discourse
             of
             the
             Loadstone
             ;
             yet
             our
             Gilbert
             thought
             fit
             to
             examine
             it
             further
             ,
             and
             was
             thereby
             able
             to
             discover
             far
             more
             numerous
             Phaenomena
             ,
             than
             all
             them
             put
             together
             had
             taken
             notice
             of
             .
             And
             I
             might
             add
             other
             instances
             to
             the
             same
             purpose
             ;
             but
             to
             answer
             more
             closely
             ,
             and
             directly
             ,
             I
             say
             ,
             that
             ,
             to
             discover
             the
             nature
             of
             Mineral
             Waters
             ,
             being
             a
             thing
             far
             more
             difficult
             than
             those
             ,
             that
             have
             not
             try'd
             ,
             do
             imagine
             ,
             I
             think
             we
             ought
             to
             view
             the
             Subject
             in
             as
             many
             differing
             lights
             as
             we
             can
             expose
             it
             to
             ,
             and
             take
             in
             as
             many
             helps
             to
             discovery
             as
             we
             can
             ;
             since
             a
             great
             many
             particulars
             ,
             that
             singly
             ,
             or
             at
             
             the
             first
             view
             ,
             seem
             not
             very
             pertinent
             ,
             if
             they
             be
             survey'd
             in
             conjunction
             ,
             and
             be
             skilfully
             apply'd
             ,
             may
             much
             conduce
             to
             the
             desir'd
             end
             .
             And
             perhaps
             hereafter
             it
             will
             be
             found
             useful
             ,
             if
             not
             necessary
             ,
             to
             make
             large
             additions
             to
             the
             Topicks
             ,
             whose
             number
             is
             now
             thought
             redundant
             :
             For
             the
             more
             qualities
             and
             other
             particulars
             ,
             we
             are
             acquainted
             with
             in
             any
             Subject
             ,
             the
             better
             grounded
             ,
             and
             the
             more
             enlarged
             knowledge
             we
             have
             of
             it
             .
             As
             for
             the
             trouble
             it
             may
             cost
             ,
             to
             make
             the
             proposed
             Enquiries
             and
             Tryals
             ,
             it
             may
             be
             said
             ,
             1.
             
             That
             they
             are
             not
             all
             necessary
             (
             though
             useful
             )
             nor
             yet
             of
             equal
             moment
             ,
             and
             therefore
             the
             omission
             of
             some
             ,
             that
             are
             less
             important
             ,
             may
             not
             disappoint
             the
             main
             Searches
             .
             2.
             
             I
             have
             purposely
             made
             most
             of
             the
             Tryals
             as
             easy
             and
             short
             ,
             as
             the
             matter
             and
             Scope
             will
             permit
             ;
             and
             those
             ,
             that
             will
             not
             undergo
             some
             trouble
             in
             seeking
             an
             useful
             truth
             ,
             do
             not
             deserve
             to
             find
             it
             ,
             especially
             since
             ,
             in
             the
             chase
             of
             noble
             discoveries
             ,
             
             as
             in
             hunting
             the
             nobler
             game
             ,
             the
             toyl
             oftentimes
             makes
             a
             part
             of
             the
             pleasure
             .
             And
             I
             have
             made
             the
             less
             scruple
             ,
             to
             be
             somewhat
             ample
             in
             the
             enquiries
             I
             propound
             ,
             because
             divers
             observations
             have
             perswaded
             me
             ,
             that
             Physicians
             ought
             to
             consider
             very
             well
             both
             the
             nature
             of
             the
             Waters
             they
             ordain
             ,
             and
             to
             what
             persons
             ,
             for
             what
             Diseases
             ,
             and
             in
             what
             manner
             ,
             they
             prescribe
             the
             use
             of
             them
             :
             For
             tho'
             many
             look
             upon
             them
             as
             such
             innocent
             Medicines
             ,
             as
             ,
             if
             they
             do
             no
             good
             ,
             can
             at
             least
             do
             no
             harm
             ,
             yet
             the
             effects
             ,
             that
             have
             too
             often
             insu'd
             the
             unskilful
             use
             of
             them
             ,
             especially
             when
             it
             was
             long
             continued
             ,
             allow
             me
             not
             to
             look
             upon
             the
             drinking
             of
             Mineral
             Waters
             as
             a
             slight
             thing
             ,
             that
             may
             safely
             be
             plaid
             with
             ,
             but
             as
             that
             whereby
             we
             have
             seen
             ,
             as
             very
             much
             good
             ,
             so
             a
             great
             deal
             of
             mischief
             ,
             done
             ,
             especially
             some
             time
             after
             the
             operation
             is
             thought
             to
             be
             quite
             over
             ,
             and
             perhaps
             almost
             forgotten
             .
          
           
             8.
             
             I
             look
             upon
             the
             examen
             of
             the
             
             Properties
             ,
             and
             other
             Qualities
             ,
             of
             Mineral
             Waters
             ,
             as
             a
             thing
             that
             is
             therefore
             of
             the
             greater
             importance
             ,
             because
             I
             am
             apt
             to
             think
             ,
             upon
             probable
             grounds
             that
             ,
             by
             a
             diligent
             inquiry
             ,
             there
             may
             be
             discover'd
             in
             England
             (
             and
             in
             divers
             other
             Countries
             too
             )
             a
             far
             greater
             number
             than
             is
             yet
             imagin'd
             of
             Mineral
             Waters
             ,
             especially
             Ferruginous
             ones
             ;
             which
             I
             therefore
             guess
             will
             be
             found
             very
             numerous
             ,
             because
             ,
             by
             some
             uncommon
             wayes
             of
             Tryal
             that
             I
             have
             imploy'd
             ,
             I
             have
             found
             that
             divers
             Minerals
             that
             either
             men
             knew
             not
             what
             to
             make
             of
             ,
             or
             by
             reason
             of
             their
             passing
             under
             other
             names
             did
             not
             suspect
             to
             be
             Martial
             ,
             did
             yet
             partake
             of
             ,
             and
             perhaps
             abound
             with
             ,
             parts
             of
             a
             Martial
             Nature
             .
             And
             I
             shew
             in
             another
             Paper
             
               [
               about
               the
               Magnetism
               of
               the
               Earth
               ]
            
             that
             kindly
             provident
             Nature
             ,
             or
             rather
             its
             Divine
             Author
             has
             ,
             under
             various
             disguises
             ,
             furnish'd
             our
             Globe
             with
             a
             far
             greater
             plenty
             and
             variety
             of
             Iron
             Ores
             and
             Minerals
             ,
             that
             partake
             of
             that
             Metal
             ,
             the
             most
             useful
             by
             far
             
             to
             mankind
             ,
             than
             of
             any
             other
             Metal
             .
             And
             as
             Martial
             Minerals
             do
             thus
             abound
             in
             the
             Earth
             ,
             so
             they
             are
             more
             dispos'd
             ,
             than
             one
             would
             suspect
             such
             hard
             Bodies
             could
             be
             ,
             to
             impregnate
             even
             such
             Liquors
             as
             are
             not
             manifestly
             acid
             ,
             and
             seem
             unlikely
             to
             be
             able
             to
             work
             upon
             Minerals
             far
             less
             hard
             than
             they
             .
             To
             make
             this
             probable
             ,
             we
             took
             not
             
               Iron
               Ore
            
             ,
             or
             
               Embryonated
               Mars
            
             ,
             but
             pure
             Steel
             it self
             ,
             the
             same
             as
             Needles
             were
             made
             of
             ;
             and
             upon
             the
             minute
             Filings
             of
             it
             ,
             we
             put
             some
             Tincture
             of
             Galls
             made
             with
             common
             Water
             ,
             and
             filtred
             through
             Cap-paper
             ,
             that
             the
             present
             colour
             of
             the
             Liquor
             ,
             and
             the
             change
             we
             expected
             to
             be
             made
             in
             it
             ,
             might
             the
             better
             appear
             :
             And
             by
             this
             Tryal
             we
             found
             that
             ,
             in
             less
             than
             an
             hour
             ,
             the
             transparent
             infusion
             of
             Galls
             was
             so
             alter'd
             ,
             as
             to
             be
             grown
             not
             only
             opacous
             ,
             but
             of
             a
             dark
             and
             almost
             inky
             colour
             ,
             which
             it
             retain'd
             even
             after
             Filtration
             ;
             and
             this
             tho'
             the
             Vial
             ,
             that
             contain'd
             it
             ,
             was
             very
             slender
             .
             A
             not
             unlike
             effect
             was
             produc'd
             by
             small
             
             Filings
             of
             steel
             ,
             but
             somewhat
             slow
             :
             lier
             in
             the
             red
             Tincture
             of
             Brazil
             ,
             and
             in
             that
             of
             Logwood
             ,
             made
             with
             common
             Water
             .
          
           
             9.
             
             I
             know
             not
             whether
             it
             may
             not
             be
             fit
             to
             be
             represented
             ,
             on
             this
             occasion
             ,
             that
             ,
             in
             Countries
             manifestly
             abounding
             with
             Metalline
             and
             other
             Minerals
             ,
             it
             may
             perhaps
             be
             worth
             while
             ,
             that
             mens
             Curiosity
             descend
             much
             lower
             than
             the
             superficies
             or
             Turf
             of
             the
             ground
             ,
             and
             make
             search
             both
             after
             Subterraneal
             Springs
             ,
             and
             Wells
             ,
             and
             their
             operations
             upon
             Humane
             Bodies
             .
             For
             I
             have
             upon
             Inquiry
             been
             assur'd
             ,
             by
             those
             that
             in
             several
             places
             have
             visited
             Mines
             ,
             that
             they
             have
             met
             with
             in
             them
             ,
             and
             sometimes
             at
             very
             great
             Depths
             ,
             running
             ,
             as
             well
             as
             Stagnant
             ,
             Waters
             ,
             of
             differing
             Tasts
             ,
             and
             sometimes
             other
             Qualitie
             ;
             and
             that
             the
             Diggers
             ,
             venturing
             to
             make
             use
             of
             them
             to
             quench
             their
             Thirst
             ,
             as
             they
             found
             some
             of
             them
             mischievous
             (
             as
             Corrosive
             ,
             Petrific
             ,
             )
             &c.
             so
             they
             met
             with
             others
             that
             were
             not
             only
             innocently
             .
             
             Potable
             ,
             but
             Medicinal
             .
             Of
             both
             these
             sorts
             we
             have
             Instances
             in
             our
             Tin-Mines
             of
             Cornwal
             in
             Devonshire
             .
             And
             of
             the
             latter
             sort
             I
             receiv'd
             from
             an
             ingenious
             Gentleman
             ,
             that
             has
             the
             oversight
             of
             some
             Cornish
             Water-works
             ,
             this
             memorable
             Answer
             to
             an
             Inquiry
             I
             sent
             him
             .
             The
             strangest
             Account
             ,
             saies
             he
             ,
             of
             Mineral
             Waters
             that
             I
             have
             yet
             had
             ,
             was
             of
             that
             in
             the
             bottom
             of
             a
             Tin-work
             call'd
             Karnkey
             ,
             wrought
             above
             60
             fathom
             [
             that
             is
             360
             foot
             deep
             ;
             ]
             the
             Mineral
             being
             a
             mixture
             of
             Tin
             and
             Iron
             ,
             and
             the
             Water
             Red
             and
             Puddle
             ,
             yet
             drunk
             was
             cool
             and
             not
             nauseous
             ,
             and
             would
             pass
             by
             Urine
             ,
             near
             as
             Red
             as
             it
             was
             drunk
             ,
             as
             I
             have
             been
             inform'd
             by
             those
             that
             drunk
             of
             it
             whilst
             it
             [
             the
             Mine
             ]
             was
             working
             ,
             being
             now
             struck
             out
             ,
             [
             that
             is
             ,
             the
             vein
             of
             Ore
             being
             degenerated
             ,
             or
             lost
             .
             ]
             However
             I
             believe
             Experiments
             might
             yet
             be
             made
             with
             Water
             much
             of
             the
             same
             nature
             .
             Thus
             far
             he
             ,
             from
             whom
             notwithstanding
             the
             remoteness
             of
             the
             place
             he
             lives
             in
             ,
             I
             hope
             to
             get
             
             some
             of
             this
             Liquor
             ,
             to
             make
             Tryal
             of
             ;
             which
             if
             I
             do
             ,
             I
             design
             you
             an
             account
             of
             the
             Effects
             .
          
           
             I
             could
             enlarge
             upon
             the
             Subjects
             of
             these
             two
             last
             (
             the
             8th
             and
             the
             9th
             )
             Numbers
             .
             But
             after
             so
             long
             an
             Introduction
             to
             short
             Memoirs
             ,
             't
             is
             high
             time
             that
             I
             come
             at
             length
             to
             set
             down
             the
             Topicks
             themselves
             that
             I
             design
             to
             propose
             .
          
        
         
           
             SECT
             .
             II.
             
          
           
             
               TITLES
            
             
               For
               the
               Natural
               History
               of
               a
               Mineral
               Water
               propos'd
               ,
               consider'd
               as
               being
               yet
               in
               its
               Channel
               or
               Receptacles
               :
               (
               Being
               the
               first
               or
               mineralogical
               part
               of
               the
               designed
               work
               .
               )
            
          
           
             HE
             that
             would
             draw
             up
             the
             History
             of
             a
             Mineral
             Water
             .
             [
             to
             have
             its
             qualities
             some
             examin'd
             and
             some
             investigated
             ,
             ]
             should
             ,
             in
             my
             opinion
             ,
             make
             three
             sorts
             of
             observations
             about
             it
             .
             For
             first
             he
             ought
             
             to
             take
             notice
             of
             those
             particulars
             that
             relate
             to
             it
             whilst
             't
             is
             yet
             under
             ground
             ,
             or
             in
             its
             native
             receptacles
             ▪
             Next
             he
             is
             to
             examine
             the
             properties
             and
             other
             qualities
             of
             it
             ,
             when
             't
             is
             drawn
             up
             by
             men
             at
             the
             Springhead
             or
             other
             receptacle
             :
             Lastly
             he
             is
             to
             consider
             the
             operations
             and
             effects
             of
             it
             upon
             Humane
             Bodies
             ,
             whether
             sick
             or
             sound
             ,
             according
             to
             the
             several
             ways
             and
             circumstances
             made
             use
             of
             in
             administring
             it
             .
          
           
             To
             the
             first
             of
             these
             three
             sorts
             of
             observations
             may
             be
             referr'd
             such
             heads
             or
             titles
             as
             these
             .
          
           
             1.
             
             In
             what
             climate
             and
             parallel
             ,
             or
             in
             what
             degree
             of
             Latitude
             ,
             the
             Mineral
             Water
             do's
             spring
             up
             ,
             or
             stagnate
             ?
          
           
             2.
             
             Whether
             the
             Spring-head
             ,
             or
             other
             receptacle
             ,
             do
             chiefly
             regard
             the
             East
             ,
             the
             West
             ,
             the
             North
             ,
             or
             the
             South
             ?
          
           
             3.
             
             Whether
             the
             Water
             be
             found
             in
             a
             Plain
             or
             Valley
             ?
             And
             if
             not
             whether
             it
             arise
             in
             a
             Hillock
             ,
             a
             Hill
             ,
             or
             a
             Mountain
             ?
          
           
           
             4.
             
             And
             whether
             it
             be
             found
             at
             or
             near
             the
             top
             ,
             the
             middle
             ,
             or
             the
             bottom
             ,
             of
             the
             rising
             ground
             .
          
           
             5.
             
             Whether
             the
             waters
             leave
             any
             secrement
             ,
             or
             other
             unusual
             substance
             ,
             upon
             the
             Stones
             ,
             or
             other
             Bodies
             that
             lie
             in
             the
             Channels
             they
             pass
             through
             as
             they
             glide
             along
             ,
             or
             the
             Receptacles
             that
             contain
             them
             ?
          
           
             6.
             
             Whether
             there
             be
             beneath
             or
             near
             the
             Medicinal
             Water
             ,
             any
             subterraneal
             fire
             ,
             that
             hath
             manifest
             chimney's
             or
             vents
             and
             visibly
             (
             by
             night
             only
             ,
             or
             also
             by
             day
             ,
             )
             burns
             or
             smoaks
             ,
             either
             constantly
             ,
             or
             at
             certain
             periods
             of
             time
             ?
          
           
             7.
             
             Whether
             at
             or
             near
             the
             mouth
             ,
             or
             orifice
             ,
             of
             the
             abovementioned
             chimneys
             or
             vents
             ,
             there
             be
             found
             either
             flowers
             of
             Brimstone
             ,
             or
             a
             Salt
             like
             Sal-Armoniac
             ,
             or
             some
             other
             Mineral
             Exhalations
             in
             a
             dry
             Form
             ?
          
           
             8.
             
             Whether
             there
             be
             under
             or
             near
             the
             course
             or
             channel
             of
             the
             Water
             ,
             any
             subterraneal
             Aestuary
             ,
             or
             latent
             mass
             ,
             of
             hot
             ,
             but
             not
             actually
             ,
             or
             at
             least
             visibly
             ,
             burning
             matters
             ?
             And
             
             whether
             such
             Aestuary
             afford
             an
             uniform
             heat
             as
             to
             sense
             ,
             or
             have
             periodical
             hot
             fits
             ,
             as
             it
             were
             ;
             and
             if
             so
             ,
             whether
             these
             come
             at
             certain
             and
             stated
             times
             ,
             or
             uncertainly
             or
             irregularly
             ?
          
           
             9.
             
             Whether
             it
             be
             observed
             that
             over
             the
             Aestuary
             ,
             or
             in
             some
             other
             neighbouring
             part
             of
             the
             place
             ,
             where
             the
             Mineral
             Water
             springs
             ,
             there
             arise
             any
             visible
             Mineral
             fumes
             on
             smoak
             ,
             (
             which
             when
             they
             do
             appear
             are
             wont
             to
             do
             it
             early
             in
             the
             Morning
             ,
             or
             late
             in
             the
             evening
             ,
             )
             and
             if
             such
             fumes
             ascend
             ,
             how
             plentiful
             they
             are
             ,
             of
             what
             colour
             and
             of
             what
             smell
             ▪
          
           
             10.
             
             What
             is
             the
             more
             obvious
             nature
             of
             the
             not
             manifestly
             Metalline
             ,
             nor
             Marcasitical
             part
             of
             the
             Soil
             ,
             which
             the
             Medicinal
             Water
             passes
             through
             or
             touches
             ?
             And
             what
             are
             the
             Qualities
             of
             the
             neighbouring
             Soil
             ,
             and
             the
             adjacent
             Country
             ?
             As
             whether
             it
             be
             rocky
             ,
             stony
             ,
             clayish
             ,
             sandy
             ,
             chalky
             ,
             &c.
             
          
           
             11.
             
             Whether
             there
             be
             any
             Ores
             ,
             marcasites
             ,
             or
             Earths
             ,
             (
             especially
             highly
             colour'd
             ones
             )
             impregnated
             with
             
             Mineral
             Juices
             ,
             to
             be
             met
             with
             in
             the
             course
             of
             the
             medicinal
             Spring
             ,
             or
             in
             the
             receptacle
             of
             the
             same
             water
             stagnant
             ?
             And
             what
             these
             Minerals
             are
             ,
             whether
             copperish
             ,
             ferrugineous
             ,
             Marcasitical
             ,
             &c.
             
             And
             whether
             the
             Ores
             do
             ,
             or
             do
             not
             ,
             abound
             in
             the
             Metalline
             portion
             ?
             As
             also
             with
             what
             other
             Ingredient
             as
             spar
             ,
             cauke
             ,
             Sulphur
             ,
             Orpiment
             ,
             Arsenick
             ,
             &c
             (
             Whether
             Innocent
             or
             hurtful
             )
             they
             are
             mingled
             ,
             or
             else
             compacted
             together
             ?
          
           
             12.
             
             Whether
             it
             can
             be
             discover'd
             ,
             that
             the
             Spring
             of
             the
             Medicinal
             Water
             was
             common
             Water
             before
             it
             came
             to
             such
             a
             place
             ,
             or
             part
             of
             the
             soil
             it
             runs
             through
             ,
             &
             there
             begins
             to
             be
             manifestly
             impregnated
             with
             Mineral
             Bodies
             ?
          
           
             13.
             
             And
             whether
             in
             this
             case
             ,
             it
             makes
             any
             effervescence
             ,
             or
             other
             conflict
             ,
             with
             the
             Mineral
             it
             imbibes
             ,
             or
             with
             any
             other
             Water
             or
             Liquor
             that
             it
             meets
             with
             in
             its
             way
             ;
             and
             whether
             the
             conflict
             produce
             any
             manifest
             heat
             or
             no
             ?
          
           
             14.
             
             Whether
             ,
             if
             the
             Mineral
             Water
             
             propos'd
             be
             manifestly
             hot
             ,
             or
             extraordinarily
             cold
             ;
             the
             Springs
             it
             flows
             out
             at
             ,
             or
             the
             Receptacle
             it
             stagnates
             in
             ,
             have
             near
             it
             (
             and
             if
             it
             have
             how
             near
             )
             a
             Spring
             ,
             or
             well
             of
             Water
             ,
             of
             a
             contrary
             quality
             ,
             as
             't
             is
             observ'd
             in
             very
             neighbouring
             Springs
             in
             some
             few
             places
             of
             France
             ,
             and
             elsewhere
             ?
          
           
             15.
             
             Whether
             ,
             when
             the
             Water
             appears
             in
             the
             Spring
             or
             Receptacle
             there
             appear
             also
             ,
             either
             floting
             at
             the
             Top
             ,
             or
             lying
             at
             the
             bottom
             ,
             or
             swimming
             between
             both
             ,
             any
             drops
             or
             greater
             quantity
             of
             Oyl
             ,
             (
             like
             Naphta
             or
             
               Petroleum
               ,
            
             )
             or
             some
             other
             bituminous
             &
             inflammable
             substance
             .
          
           
             16.
             
             Whether
             the
             Water
             be
             considerably
             altered
             in
             quantity
             or
             quality
             ,
             bythe
             different
             seasons
             of
             the
             year
             ,
             as
             Summer
             ,
             Winter
             ,
             &c.
             
             By
             the
             much
             varying
             Temperatures
             of
             the
             Air
             ,
             as
             to
             heat
             ,
             coldness
             ,
             drought
             ,
             &c.
             
             By
             the
             plenty
             ,
             or
             paucity
             ,
             frequency
             ,
             or
             unfrequency
             ,
             of
             falling
             Rains
             ,
             or
             Snows
             :
             And
             what
             may
             be
             the
             bounds
             ,
             and
             measures
             of
             these
             alterations
             of
             the
             Mineral
             Water
             ?
          
           
           
             17.
             
             Whether
             any
             thing
             considerable
             can
             be
             certainly
             discover'd
             ,
             or
             any
             very
             probable
             conjecture
             made
             of
             the
             nature
             and
             qualities
             of
             the
             substances
             ,
             that
             impregnate
             the
             Water
             ,
             by
             Chymically
             and
             Mechanically
             examining
             the
             Mineral
             Earths
             ,
             through
             which
             it
             flows
             ,
             or
             in
             which
             it
             Stagnates
             ?
             And
             particularly
             ,
             by
             observing
             their
             colour
             ,
             whether
             native
             ,
             or
             acquir'd
             by
             being
             kept
             in
             the
             fire
             ;
             their
             specifick
             gravity
             ;
             their
             affording
             ,
             or
             not
             affording
             ,
             any
             Salt
             ,
             or
             other
             soluble
             substance
             ,
             by
             decoction
             ;
             their
             being
             soluble
             ,
             or
             indissoluble
             ,
             in
             particular
             Chymical
             Menstruums
             of
             several
             sorts
             ,
             as
             
               Aqua
               fortis
            
             ,
             Spirit
             of
             Salt
             ,
             &c.
             
             And
             their
             being
             committed
             to
             destillation
             in
             Vessels
             of
             differing
             sorts
             ,
             and
             various
             degrees
             of
             fire
             ,
             with
             care
             to
             receive
             separately
             the
             differing
             substances
             they
             afford
             ,
             whether
             in
             the
             form
             of
             Liquors
             ,
             or
             of
             Flowers
             ;
             and
             by
             examining
             these
             substances
             by
             fit
             and
             proper
             wayes
             as
             also
             the
             
               Cap.
               Mort.
            
             by
             calcination
             ,
             elixiviation
             ,
             
             and
             (
             if
             it
             will
             bear
             such
             a
             fire
             )
             vitrification
             ?
          
        
         
           
             SECT
             .
             III.
             
          
           
             
               TITLES
            
             
               For
               the
               Natural
               History
               of
               a
               Mineral
               Water
               propos'd
               ,
               consider'd
               as
               being
               drawn
               out
               of
               its
               Spring
               or
               Receptacle
               :
               (
               Being
               the
               II.
               or
               Physico
               Chymical
               part
               of
               the
               designed
               work
               .
               )
            
          
           
             THat
             this
             Scheme
             of
             Titles
             may
             be
             the
             better
             understood
             ,
             and
             the
             more
             instructive
             and
             useful
             tho'
             I
             have
             not
             time
             to
             write
             an
             ample
             com
             ment
             upon
             it
             all
             ,
             yet
             I
             thought
             fit
             to
             illustrate
             most
             of
             its
             Particular
             Articles
             by
             such
             Notes
             as
             may
             either
             explicate
             the
             meaning
             of
             what
             is
             but
             briefly
             couch'd
             ,
             or
             deliver
             some
             of
             the
             practical
             ways
             of
             Tryal
             ,
             that
             I
             make
             use
             of
             ,
             on
             occasion
             
             of
             the
             Subject
             mention'd
             in
             the
             Title
             or
             Article
             ,
             whereto
             the
             Notes
             belong
             .
             These
             being
             divers
             of
             them
             too
             large
             to
             be
             conveniently
             plac'd
             the
             Margin
             ,
             are
             all
             of
             them
             set
             down
             together
             after
             this
             Sett
             of
             Titles
             .
          
           
             
               TITLE
               .
            
             
               1.
               
               Of
               the
               actual
               coldness
               or
               heat
               of
               the
               Mineral
               Water
               propos'd
               .
            
             
               2.
               
               Of
               the
               specific
               Gravity
               of
               the
               Mineral
               Water
               propos'd
               .
            
             
               3.
               
               Of
               the
               Transparency
               ,
               the
               Muddiness
               ,
               or
               the
               Opacity
               of
               the
               Mineral
               Water
               .
            
             
               4.
               
               Whether
               the
               Mineral
               Water
               will
               ,
               by
               slading
               for
               a
               competent
               time
               ,
               let
               fall
               of
               it self
               any
               Oker
               ,
               or
               other
               earthy
               substance
               ,
               especially
               tho'
               the
               Liquor
               be
               kept
               from
               the
               Air.
               
            
             
               5.
               
               Whether
               any
               thing
               ,
               and
               if
               any
               thing
               ,
               what
               can
               be
               discover'd
               in
               the
               Mineral
               Water
               by
               the
               help
               of
               the
               best
               Microscopes
               adapted
               to
               view
               Liquors
               ?
            
             
               
               6.
               
               Of
               the
               colour
               or
               colournes
               of
               the
               Mineral
               Water
               .
            
             
               7.
               
               Of
               the
               odour
               of
               the
               Mineral
               Water
               ,
               as
               Acetous
               ,
               Winy
               ,
               Sulphureous
               .
               Bituminous
               ,
               &c.
               
            
             
               8.
               
               Of
               the
               tast
               of
               the
               Mineral
               Water
               ,
               as
               Acid
               ,
               Ferruginous
               ,
               Vitriolate
               ,
               Lixivial
               ,
               Sulphureous
               ,
               &c.
               
            
             
               9.
               
               Whether
               any
               change
               will
               be
               produc'd
               in
               the
               transparency
               ,
               colour
               ,
               odour
               ,
               or
               tast
               of
               the
               Mineral
               Water
               ,
               by
               its
               being
               taken
               up
               at
               the
               Spring-head
               or
               other
               Receptacle
               ,
               or
               remov'd
               to
               some
               distance
               ,
               by
               its
               being
               kept
               stop'd
               or
               unstop'd
               for
               a
               greater
               or
               lesser
               space
               of
               time
               ;
               and
               by
               its
               being
               much
               warm'd
               or
               refrigerated
               ,
               and
               also
               ,
               by
               naturally
               or
               artificially
               ,
               produc'd
               cold
               ,
               turn'd
               into
               Ice
               ,
               and
               thaw'd
               again
               ?
            
             
               10.
               
               Of
               the
               thinness
               or
               viscosity
               of
               the
               Mineral
               Water
               .
            
             
               11.
               
               Whether
               the
               Mineral
               Water
               be
               more
               easy
               to
               be
               heated
               and
               cool'd
               ,
               and
               to
               be
               dilated
               and
               
               condens'd
               than
               common
               Water
               ?
            
             
               12.
               
               Whether
               the
               Mineral
               Water
               will
               of
               it self
               putrify
               ,
               and
               if
               it
               will
               ,
               whether
               sooner
               or
               later
               than
               common
               Water
               ,
               and
               with
               what
               kind
               or
               degree
               of
               stink
               and
               other
               Phaenomena
               ?
            
             
               13.
               
               Of
               the
               change
               of
               colours
               producible
               in
               the
               Mineral
               Water
               by
               astringent
               Drugs
               ,
               as
               Galls
               ,
               Pomgranate-peels
               ,
               Balaustium
               ,
               red
               Roses
               ,
               Myrobolans
               ,
               OakenLeaves
               ,
               &c.
               as
               also
               by
               some
               Liquors
               or
               Juices
               of
               the
               Body
               .
            
             
               14.
               
               Whether
               any
               thing
               will
               be
               precipitated
               out
               of
               the
               Mineral
               Waters
               by
               Salts
               or
               Saline
               Liquors
               ,
               whether
               they
               be
               Acid
               ,
               as
               Spirit
               of
               Salt
               ,
               of
               Niter
               ,
               
                 Aqua
                 Fortis
              
               ,
               &c.
               Or
               volatile
               Alcali's
               ,
               as
               strong
               Spirit
               of
               Urine
               ,
               Sal-armoniac
               ,
               &c.
               
               Or
               Lixiviate
               Salts
               ,
               as
               Oyl
               of
               Tartar
               
                 per
                 deliquium
              
               ,
               fixt
               Niter
               ,
               &c.
               
            
             
               15.
               
               How
               to
               examine
               with
               evaporation
               ,
               whether
               the
               Mineral
               Water
               contain
               common
               Salt
               ,
               and
               if
               it
               do
               ,
               
               whether
               it
               contains
               but
               little
               or
               much
               ?
            
             
               16.
               
               How
               to
               examine
               ,
               without
               evaporation
               ,
               whether
               the
               Mineral
               Water
               have
               any
               acidity
               ,
               tho'
               it
               be
               but
               very
               little
               .
            
             
               17.
               
               Of
               the
               Liquor
               or
               Liquors
               afforded
               by
               the
               Mineral
               Water
               by
               Destillation
               
                 in
                 Balneo
              
               ,
               and
               other
               wayes
               .
            
             
               18.
               
               Of
               the
               residence
               ,
               
                 Cap.
                 Mort.
              
               of
               the
               Mineral
               Water
               ,
               when
               the
               Liquor
               is
               totally
               evaporated
               or
               distill'd
               off
               ;
               and
               whether
               the
               
                 Cap.
                 Mort.
              
               be
               the
               same
               in
               quantity
               and
               quality
               ,
               if
               produc'd
               by
               either
               of
               those
               wayes
               ?
            
             
               19.
               
               Whether
               the
               propos'd
               Water
               ,
               being
               in
               Glass-Vessels
               exactly
               luted
               together
               slowly
               and
               warily
               abstracted
               to
               a
               thickish
               substance
               ;
               This
               being
               reconjoin'd
               to
               the
               distill'd
               Liquor
               ,
               the
               Mineral
               Water
               will
               be
               redintegrated
               ,
               and
               have
               again
               the
               same
               Texture
               and
               Qualities
               it
               had
               at
               first
               ?
            
             
               20.
               
               Whether
               a
               Glass-full
               of
               the
               Mineral
               
               Water
               ,
               being
               Hermetically
               seal'd
               and
               boil'd
               in
               common
               Water
               ,
               deep
               enough
               to
               keep
               it
               always
               cover'd
               ,
               will
               have
               its
               Texture
               so
               alter'd
               as
               to
               suffer
               an
               observable
               change
               in
               any
               of
               its
               manifest
               Qualities
               ?
               And
               if
               it
               do
               ,
               in
               what
               Qualities
               ,
               and
               to
               what
               degree
               of
               alteration
               ?
            
             
               21.
               
               Of
               the
               proportion
               of
               the
               dry
               
                 Cap.
                 Mort.
              
               to
               the
               Mineral
               Water
               that
               affords
               it
               .
            
             
               22.
               
               Of
               the
               division
               of
               the
               
                 Cap.
                 Mort.
              
               into
               saline
               and
               terrestrial
               and
               other
               parts
               not
               dissoluble
               in
               Water
               ,
               in
               case
               it
               contain
               both
               or
               more
               sorts
               .
            
             
               23.
               
               Of
               the
               proportion
               of
               the
               Saline
               part
               of
               the
               
                 Cap.
                 Mort.
              
               to
               the
               Terrestrial
               .
            
             
               24.
               
               Of
               the
               fixity
               or
               volatility
               of
               the
               Saline
               part
               in
               strong
               fires
               .
            
             
               25.
               
               Whether
               the
               Saline
               part
               will
               shoot
               into
               Crystals
               or
               no
               ?
               and
               if
               it
               will
               ,
               what
               figure
               the
               grains
               will
               be
               of
               ?
               and
               if
               it
               will
               not
               whether
               ,
               being
               combin'd
               with
               a
               Salt
               that
               will
               
               (
               as
               purify'd
               Sea-Salt
               Peter
               &c.
               )
               it
               will
               then
               chrystallize
               ;
               and
               if
               it
               do
               ,
               into
               what
               figures
               it
               will
               shoot
               ,
               especially
               if
               any
               of
               them
               be
               reducible
               to
               those
               of
               any
               species
               of
               Salt
               known
               to
               us
               ?
            
             
               26.
               
               To
               examine
               whether
               the
               Saline
               part
               be
               ,
               
                 ex
                 praedominio
              
               ,
               acid
               ,
               alcalizate
               ,
               or
               adiaphorous
               ?
            
             
               27.
               
               Of
               the
               observables
               in
               the
               Terestrial
               portion
               of
               the
               
                 Cap.
                 Mort.
              
               as
               besides
               its
               quantity
               in
               reference
               to
               the
               Saline
               ,
               its
               colour
               ,
               odour
               ,
               volatility
               or
               fixity
               in
               a
               strong
               fire
               ;
               it
               s
               being
               soluble
               ,
               or
               not
               dissoluble
               by
               divers
               
               Menstruum's
               ,
               as
               Spirit
               of
               Vinegar
               ,
               Spirit
               of
               Urine
               ,
               Oyl
               of
               Tartar
               ,
               &c.
               
            
             
               28.
               
               Whether
               ,
               and
               (
               if
               any
               thing
               )
               how
               much
               the
               mineral
               waters
               Earth
               looses
               by
               strong
               and
               lasting
               Ignition
               ?
               What
               changes
               of
               colour
               ,
               &c.
               it
               thereby
               receives
               ?
               whether
               it
               be
               capable
               of
               Vitrification
               perse
               ?
               and
               what
               colour
               ,
               (
               if
               any
               ,
               )
               it
               will
               impart
               to
               fine
               and
               well
               powder'd
               Venice
               glass
               if
               they
               be
               exactly
               mix'd
               ,
               
               and
               flux'd
               into
               a
               Transparent
               Glass
               ?
            
             
               29.
               
               Of
               the
               Oeconomical
               ,
               and
               Mechanical
               uses
               of
               the
               Mineral
               Water
               ,
               as
               in
               Brewing
               ,
               Baking
               ,
               VVashing
               of
               Linnen
               ,
               Tanning
               of
               Leather
               ,
               or
               Dying
               of
               Cloth
               ,
               Callico's
               ,
               Silks
               ,
               &c
               ,
               as
               these
               may
               assist
               in
               discovering
               the
               Ingredients
               and
               Qualities
               of
               the
               Liquor
               propos'd
               .
            
             
               30.
               
               Of
               the
               imitation
               of
               Natural
               Medicinal
               Waters
               ,
               by
               Chymical
               and
               other
               artificial
               wayes
               ,
               as
               that
               may
               help
               the
               Physician
               to
               guess
               at
               the
               quality
               and
               quantity
               of
               the
               Ingredients
               that
               impregnate
               the
               Natural
               Water
               propos'd
               .
            
          
        
      
       
         
         
           An
           Appendix
        
         
           
             Containing
             
               
                 1.
                 
                 PAralipomena
                 ,
                 or
                 things
                 directly
                 belonging
                 to
                 the
                 History
                 and
                 pretermitted
                 in
                 it
                 .
              
               
                 2.
                 
                 A
                 Chaos
                 of
                 Observations
                 and
                 Experiments
                 ,
                 remotely
                 or
                 indirectly
                 referable
                 either
                 to
                 one
                 or
                 more
                 of
                 the
                 foregoing
                 Titles
                 ,
                 or
                 to
                 the
                 common
                 Subject
                 of
                 them
                 all
                 .
              
            
          
        
         
           
           
             SECT
             .
             IV.
             
          
           
             
               Experimental
               Remarks
               upon
               the
               (
               usual
               )
               way
               of
               examining
               Mineral
               Waters
               ,
               by
               the
               help
               of
               Galls
               :
               Deliver'd
               by
               way
               of
               Larger
               Annotations
               upon
               the
               XIII
               .
               Article
               of
               the
               II.
               Part.
               
            
          
           
             SInce
             the
             change
             of
             colour
             that
             Mineral
             Waters
             produce
             in
             the
             Infusion
             or
             Tincture
             of
             Galls
             ,
             is
             the
             most
             usual
             way
             that
             many
             Physicians
             ,
             and
             the
             almost
             only
             that
             some
             of
             them
             ,
             endeavour
             to
             discover
             or
             examine
             Mineral
             Waters
             by
             ;
             it
             may
             be
             worth
             while
             ,
             in
             this
             place
             ,
             to
             set
             down
             some
             remarks
             ,
             that
             I
             have
             made
             about
             this
             way
             of
             probation
             ;
             &
             the
             rather
             because
             it
             may
             ,
             
               mutatis
               mutandis
            
             ,
             be
             not
             unusefully
             apply'd
             to
             the
             exploring
             the
             Quality's
             of
             Mineral
             Waters
             by
             Colorations
             ,
             tho'
             made
             with
             other
             Materials
             than
             Galls
             .
             First
             then
             it
             may
             be
             observ'd
             ,
             that
             one
             need
             not
             make
             an
             Infusion
             
             or
             Tncture
             of
             Galls
             in
             common
             Water
             ,
             to
             try
             if
             by
             their
             means
             a
             new
             colour
             will
             be
             produc'd
             .
             For
             I
             am
             wont
             to
             beat
             them
             to
             Powder
             ,
             and
             keep
             them
             in
             a
             Glass
             (
             not
             too
             big
             )
             exactly
             stop'd
             ,
             by
             which
             means
             I
             have
             them
             alwaies
             in
             readiness
             to
             mingle
             with
             the
             Mineral
             Water
             ,
             and
             alter
             the
             colour
             of
             it
             ,
             if
             Galls
             be
             able
             to
             do
             it
             ,
             almost
             in
             atrice
             :
             whereas
             to
             draw
             the
             Tincture
             of
             Galls
             with
             Simple
             Water
             ,
             often
             takes
             up
             several
             hours
             ,
             and
             the
             tinging
             parts
             are
             much
             weakn'd
             by
             being
             diluted
             by
             the
             Menstruum
             .
             If
             you
             would
             have
             a
             Tincture
             ,
             the
             Powder
             of
             Galls
             ,
             ty'd
             up
             close
             in
             a
             Ragg
             ,
             and
             with
             it
             hung
             in
             the
             Liquor
             ,
             makes
             the
             Infusion
             less
             muddy
             .
             If
             you
             be
             in
             hast
             ,
             and
             have
             none
             of
             the
             Powder
             at
             hand
             ,
             you
             may
             scrape
             as
             much
             of
             a
             Gall-Apple
             ,
             as
             you
             need
             into
             the
             Mineral
             Water
             .
          
           
             2.
             
             I
             have
             observ'd
             those
             Parts
             of
             the
             Infusion
             of
             Galls
             (
             especially
             it
             made
             by
             heat
             )
             that
             produce
             the
             new
             Colour
             with
             Ferruginous
             Waters
             ,
             
             to
             be
             more
             apt
             to
             fly
             away
             than
             one
             would
             think
             ,
             the
             Infusion
             becoming
             often
             unfit
             to
             alter
             the
             Colour
             of
             the
             Martial
             Waters
             ,
             whilst
             yet
             it self
             appears
             sufficiently
             high
             colour'd
             .
             Upon
             which
             account
             ,
             I
             choose
             to
             make
             a
             Tincture
             of
             Galls
             not
             long
             before
             I
             mind
             to
             use
             it
             ;
             And
             if
             I
             imploy
             dry
             Galls
             ,
             to
             take
             Powder
             that
             is
             not
             stale
             .
          
           
             3.
             
             'T
             is
             no
             safe
             way
             ,
             and
             may
             be
             very
             erroneous
             ,
             that
             is
             usually
             taken
             in
             mixing
             Galls
             or
             their
             Infusion
             with
             the
             Water
             to
             be
             explor'd
             so
             carelesly
             ,
             as
             is
             wont
             to
             be
             done
             .
             For
             those
             that
             are
             curious
             to
             make
             good
             Ink
             ,
             will
             easily
             believe
             ,
             that
             much
             of
             the
             deepness
             of
             the
             Colour
             depends
             upon
             the
             Proportion
             of
             Galls
             to
             the
             other
             Ingredient
             ;
             and
             accordingly
             that
             by
             putting
             a
             much
             greater
             ,
             or
             a
             much
             lesser
             ,
             quantity
             of
             Galls
             ,
             into
             such
             a
             quantity
             of
             the
             Mineral
             Water
             ,
             the
             resulting
             Colour
             may
             be
             more
             or
             less
             intense
             .
             To
             obviate
             which
             inconvenience
             ,
             I
             take
             this
             course
             when
             the
             occasion
             deserves
             it
             ;
             I
             make
             
             my
             Infusion
             of
             Galls
             with
             a
             certain
             weight
             of
             the
             Powder
             in
             a
             determinate
             weight
             of
             Water
             .
             As
             for
             instance
             I
             put
             about
             five
             gr
             .
             of
             powder'd
             Galls
             ,
             to
             sleep
             for
             so
             many
             hours
             in
             an
             Ounce
             of
             Water
             .
             But
             if
             I
             make
             use
             of
             the
             dry
             Powder
             ,
             then
             I
             am
             wont
             to
             put
             three
             or
             four
             grains
             into
             an
             Ounce
             of
             the
             Liquor
             to
             be
             examin'd
             ;
             which
             is
             a
             way
             far
             more
             certain
             than
             the
             Common
             ,
             wherein
             the
             Ingredients
             are
             aestimated
             but
             by
             Guess
             .
             I
             have
             have
             mention'd
             various
             proportions
             of
             powder'd
             Galls
             to
             the
             same
             quantity
             of
             Liquor
             ,
             because
             I
             have
             observ'd
             that
             there
             is
             really
             a
             great
             inequality
             among
             the
             Mineral
             VVaters
             in
             which
             it
             may
             be
             put
             ;
             and
             I
             have
             found
             by
             Tryal
             ,
             that
             in
             an
             Ounce
             of
             the
             
               German
               Spaw
            
             ,
             a
             single
             grain
             of
             Powder
             would
             immediately
             produce
             a
             sufficiently
             deep
             purple
             colour
             .
          
           
             'T
             is
             an
             inconvenience
             ,
             that
             not
             only
             Galls
             ,
             but
             the
             other
             Drugs
             hereafter
             to
             be
             mention'd
             ,
             impart
             a
             high
             Tincture
             of
             their
             own
             to
             the
             common
             VVater
             they
             are
             infus'd
             in
             ;
             and
             
             therefore
             it
             were
             to
             be
             wish'd
             ,
             and
             is
             fit
             to
             be
             endeavour'd
             ,
             that
             we
             had
             some
             Drugg
             ,
             that
             without
             imparting
             a
             colour
             to
             the
             common
             VVater
             it
             impregnates
             ,
             would
             afford
             an
             Infusion
             fit
             to
             strike
             a
             blackish
             or
             a
             purple
             colour
             with
             Martial
             VVaters
             .
          
           
             Though
             it
             be
             useful
             ,
             yet
             't
             is
             not
             necessary
             ,
             to
             imploy
             Galls
             to
             produce
             a
             colour
             in
             the
             Mineral
             VVater
             propos'd
             .
             For
             besides
             that
             't
             is
             known
             that
             usually
             ,
             (
             tho'
             not
             alwayes
             ,
             as
             I
             have
             try'd
             ,
             )
             the
             same
             thing
             may
             be
             done
             ,
             but
             somewhat
             more
             faintly
             ,
             with
             Oaken
             Leaves
             ,
             we
             may
             successfully
             enough
             substitute
             ,
             for
             the
             same
             purpose
             ,
             some
             other
             astringent
             vegetables
             ,
             as
             dry'd
             Red-Rose
             Leaves
             ,
             the
             Peel
             ,
             and
             ,
             (
             as
             we
             have
             try'd
             )
             the
             Juice
             of
             Pomegranates
             ;
             and
             (
             what
             I
             find
             to
             be
             a
             notable
             stiptick
             )
             the
             blossoms
             of
             the
             same
             plant
             ,
             (
             which
             are
             vulgarly
             call'd
             in
             the
             Shops
             
               Ballaustium
               .
            
             )
             To
             which
             may
             be
             added
             Myrobolans
             ,
             Logwood
             ,
             and
             some
             others
             that
             need
             not
             now
             be
             mention'd
             ,
             whose
             strong
             Infusions
             
             have
             yielded
             me
             a
             Tincture
             very
             dark
             and
             blackish
             with
             some
             Martial
             Liquors
             .
          
           
             6.
             
             In
             regard
             that
             the
             Galls
             ,
             or
             other
             Drugs
             ,
             to
             be
             infus'd
             in
             common
             VVater
             ,
             are
             not
             alwayes
             of
             the
             same
             goodness
             or
             strength
             ,
             't
             is
             adviseable
             not
             so
             to
             trust
             to
             any
             determinate
             proportion
             of
             the
             Pigment
             to
             the
             VVater
             ,
             as
             not
             to
             take
             in
             the
             help
             of
             the
             Eye
             ,
             to
             judge
             by
             the
             Colour
             of
             the
             Tincture
             ,
             whether
             the
             Liquor
             be
             duely
             (
             and
             not
             too
             much
             or
             too
             little
             )
             impregnated
             .
          
           
             8.
             
             Whereas
             there
             is
             an
             intimation
             in
             the
             Close
             of
             this
             thirteenth
             Article
             of
             the
             present
             Sett
             of
             Titles
             ,
             that
             Animal
             Liquors
             may
             be
             imploy'd
             to
             produce
             new
             colours
             with
             Mineral
             VVaters
             ,
             I
             gave
             that
             hint
             ,
             not
             only
             because
             't
             is
             usually
             observ'd
             in
             Martial
             VVaters
             ,
             such
             as
             those
             of
             Tunbridge
             the
             
               Spaw
               ,
               &c.
            
             that
             the
             gross
             excrements
             of
             the
             lower
             belly
             are
             blacken'd
             by
             a
             commixture
             of
             their
             Metalline
             Parts
             ;
             but
             in
             Tunbridge
             VVaters
             particularly
             I
             have
             observ'd
             ,
             that
             after
             the
             drinking
             of
             
             larger
             doses
             of
             them
             ,
             the
             root
             of
             the
             tongue
             ,
             and
             perhaps
             some
             neighbouring
             parts
             ,
             would
             also
             acquire
             a
             dark
             colour
             ,
             by
             the
             operation
             of
             the
             transient
             Liquor
             .
          
           
             Though
             the
             way
             of
             trying
             Mineral
             VVaters
             ,
             by
             the
             change
             of
             colours
             that
             Galls
             produce
             in
             them
             ,
             be
             useful
             and
             recommended
             by
             being
             easy
             ,
             cheap
             ,
             and
             expeditious
             ,
             yet
             I
             do
             not
             take
             it
             to
             be
             either
             of
             that
             extent
             ,
             or
             of
             that
             certainty
             ,
             that
             't
             is
             vulgarly
             presum'd
             to
             be
             of
             :
             For
             its
             main
             ,
             if
             not
             only
             considerable
             ,
             use
             is
             ,
             to
             discover
             by
             striking
             ,
             or
             not
             affording
             ,
             a
             black
             or
             blackish
             ,
             or
             at
             least
             a
             purple
             or
             a
             purplish
             ,
             colour
             with
             a
             Mineral
             Water
             ,
             to
             manifest
             the
             Liquor
             to
             be
             ,
             or
             not
             to
             be
             ,
             either
             of
             a
             vitriolate
             ,
             or
             a
             ferruginous
             nature
             .
             But
             there
             are
             divers
             Metalline
             Ores
             ,
             and
             other
             Mineral
             Bodies
             ,
             which
             not
             participating
             of
             Iron
             ,
             will
             not
             by
             this
             way
             be
             discoverable
             and
             yet
             may
             strongly
             impregnate
             the
             VVater
             propos'd
             :
             As
             for
             example
             ,
             to
             try
             whether
             if
             Arsenic
             were
             mingl'd
             with
             VVater
             ,
             Galls
             
             would
             discover
             it
             by
             producing
             with
             it
             a
             dark
             colour
             ,
             I
             put
             some
             of
             the
             Powder
             of
             them
             into
             a
             Decoction
             of
             arsenic
             ,
             but
             did
             not
             perceive
             that
             it
             gave
             the
             Liquor
             any
             deeper
             colour
             ,
             than
             it
             would
             have
             done
             to
             common
             VVater
             .
             And
             as
             the
             extent
             of
             this
             explorer
             of
             VVaters
             is
             not
             very
             great
             ,
             so
             neither
             do
             I
             find
             the
             informations
             it
             gives
             us
             to
             be
             so
             certain
             ,
             as
             they
             are
             presum'd
             .
             For
             ,
             if
             I
             much
             misremember
             not
             ,
             I
             long
             since
             found
             upon
             tryal
             purposely
             made
             that
             another
             Body
             of
             a
             Metalline
             nature
             ,
             and
             that
             did
             not
             partake
             of
             Iron
             ,
             would
             with
             infusion
             of
             Galls
             afford
             a
             very
             dark
             colour
             ,
             that
             might
             easily
             ,
             among
             ordinary
             Beholders
             ,
             pass
             for
             the
             colour
             produc'd
             by
             a
             Martial
             VVater
             ;
             and
             I
             do
             somewhat
             doubt
             ,
             whether
             so
             much
             as
             all
             Liquors
             impregnated
             with
             Iron
             ,
             will
             de
             discover'd
             to
             be
             so
             ,
             by
             the
             colour
             they
             afford
             with
             Galls
             ;
             for
             I
             have
             sometimes
             made
             such
             a
             Liquor
             with
             no
             Mineral
             Substance
             in
             it
             ,
             save
             steel
             or
             Iron
             but
             I
             did
             not
             find
             it
             would
             turn
             the
             Infusion
             of
             Galls
             either
             
             blackish
             or
             purple
             ,
             which
             made
             me
             suspect
             ,
             that
             these
             colours
             are
             afforded
             only
             by
             such
             Martial
             VVaters
             ,
             as
             have
             been
             wrought
             upon
             more
             or
             less
             by
             some
             Acid
             Salts
             or
             Fumes
             .
          
           
             9.
             
             Unto
             these
             things
             I
             shall
             add
             ,
             that
             I
             found
             that
             to
             be
             a
             mistake
             ,
             which
             is
             generally
             taken
             for
             granted
             ,
             viz.
             That
             the
             infusion
             of
             Galls
             will
             certainly
             discover
             ,
             by
             becoming
             black
             ,
             (
             or
             purple
             ,
             )
             if
             a
             Mineral
             Water
             ,
             that
             is
             mix'd
             with
             it
             ,
             be
             vitriolate
             ;
             for
             ,
             tho'
             it
             be
             true
             that
             if
             ,
             in
             the
             vitriolated
             VVater
             ,
             Iron
             be
             the
             only
             or
             predominant
             Mineral
             ,
             or
             be
             at
             least
             considerably
             participated
             by
             the
             Liquor
             ,
             yet
             if
             the
             dissolv'd
             vit
             riol
             be
             altogether
             copperish
             ,
             I
             found
             by
             several
             Tryals
             purposely
             made
             with
             a
             strong
             solution
             of
             Roman
             vitriol
             ,
             (
             wherein
             Copper
             is
             affirm'd
             to
             be
             the
             only
             ,
             or
             to
             be
             very
             much
             the
             predominant
             ,
             Metal
             ,
             )
             that
             it
             would
             not
             with
             insusion
             or
             Tincture
             of
             Galls
             ,
             afford
             either
             a
             black
             or
             a
             blackish
             colour
             ,
             but
             only
             a
             thick
             and
             muddy
             one
             ,
             that
             was
             not
             so
             much
             purplish
             .
          
           
           
             It
             comes
             into
             my
             mind
             upon
             this
             occasion
             that
             from
             one
             of
             the
             Northern
             Countreys
             of
             England
             ,
             where
             there
             are
             divers
             Mineral
             VVaters
             ,
             there
             was
             brought
             me
             by
             a
             Virtuoso
             ,
             a
             good
             quantity
             of
             very
             whitish
             Earth
             ,
             which
             he
             suspected
             to
             be
             of
             a
             peculiar
             nature
             ,
             but
             could
             not
             tell
             of
             what
             .
             This
             odd
             earth
             being
             examin'd
             ,
             I
             concluded
             it
             to
             contain
             a
             considerable
             proportion
             of
             Lead
             Ore
             ,
             corroded
             by
             some
             Mineral
             Salts
             ,
             and
             imbody'd
             with
             the
             Soyl
             ;
             so
             that
             if
             it
             had
             been
             in
             a
             place
             where
             people
             had
             sought
             for
             Mineral
             VVaters
             ,
             't
             is
             probable
             that
             ,
             finding
             some
             peculiarity
             in
             the
             tast
             of
             those
             that
             pass'd
             through
             this
             Earth
             ,
             they
             would
             have
             taken
             it
             for
             a
             Mineral
             Water
             ,
             but
             had
             been
             at
             a
             great
             loss
             to
             determine
             what
             Mineralit
             did
             partake
             of
             ;
             and
             perhaps
             ,
             in
             endeavouring
             to
             resolve
             the
             doubt
             by
             drinking
             it
             ,
             they
             would
             have
             found
             very
             bad
             effects
             of
             it
             .
             But
             probably
             the
             Sulphureous
             Spirit
             to
             be
             ere
             long
             describ'd
             in
             this
             Paper
             would
             have
             inform'd
             them
             ,
             that
             the
             Water
             was
             
             impregnated
             with
             a
             Body
             of
             the
             nature
             of
             vitriol
             ,
             but
             not
             of
             common
             vitriol
             .
             For
             tho'
             Galls
             do
             not
             give
             a
             black
             ,
             or
             very
             blackish
             ,
             colour
             with
             a
             solution
             of
             
               Saecharum
               Saturni
            
             ,
             (
             which
             is
             indeed
             the
             vitriol
             of
             Lead
             )
             resolv'd
             in
             distill'd
             or
             rain
             Water
             .
             Yet
             I
             found
             by
             Tryal
             ,
             that
             this
             volatile
             Sulphur
             did
             manifestly
             and
             presently
             do
             it
             ;
             which
             Tryal
             I
             was
             fain
             to
             take
             up
             with
             ,
             because
             when
             I
             had
             occasion
             to
             consider
             this
             matter
             I
             had
             not
             at
             hand
             the
             ores
             of
             Lead
             ,
             Copper
             ,
             &c.
             
             And
             therefore
             was
             fain
             to
             content
             my self
             with
             the
             solutions
             of
             the
             Metals
             themselves
             in
             their
             proper
             Menstruums
             ;
             it
             being
             probable
             ,
             that
             the
             Metalline
             parts
             of
             the
             Ores
             would
             have
             afforded
             either
             the
             same
             solutions
             ,
             or
             some
             very
             like
             them
             ,
             in
             the
             same
             Menstruums
             ;
             which
             consisting
             of
             Niter
             ,
             Sea-Salt
             ,
             &
             Vitriol
             ,
             Bodies
             that
             abound
             in
             diverse
             places
             of
             the
             Earth
             through
             which
             Springs
             flow
             ,
             the
             impregnated
             Water
             would
             afford
             Phaenomena
             of
             the
             same
             kind
             .
             I
             made
             tryals
             also
             upon
             a
             somewhat
             fine
             solution
             of
             refin'd
             
             Gold
             made
             in
             an
             
               Aqua
               Regalis
            
             ,
             and
             upon
             a
             solution
             of
             common
             running
             Mercury
             ,
             made
             with
             
               Aqua
               fortis
            
             ,
             and
             in
             a
             clear
             solution
             of
             Tin
             ,
             made
             ,
             not
             with
             either
             of
             the
             foregoing
             Menstruums
             (
             for
             I
             have
             not
             found
             them
             to
             dissolve
             it
             genuinely
             )
             but
             in
             a
             peculiar
             Solvent
             ,
             (
             which
             I
             have
             communicated
             in
             another
             Paper
             ,
             )
             that
             does
             not
             only
             dissolve
             it
             readily
             ,
             but
             keep
             it
             permanently
             dissolv'd
             ,
             as
             
               Aqua
               fortis
            
             do's
             Silver
             ,
             but
             not
             Tin.
             To
             these
             solutions
             I
             put
             Galls
             ,
             without
             obtaining
             any
             blackish
             colour
             except
             from
             that
             which
             contain'd
             Gold.
             But
             with
             our
             Sulphureous
             Liquor
             we
             produc'd
             notable
             changes
             of
             colour
             ,
             and
             those
             in
             all
             the
             solutions
             but
             one
             a
             dark
             one
             or
             tending
             to
             blackness
             ,
             and
             tho'
             for
             that
             reason
             a
             careless
             eye
             might
             judge
             them
             indiscriminately
             to
             be
             blackish
             ;
             yet
             since
             I
             well
             remember
             that
             the
             degrees
             ,
             or
             some
             other
             modification
             ,
             of
             the
             same
             dark
             colour
             seem'd
             plainly
             enough
             not
             to
             be
             the
             same
             in
             all
             of
             them
             ,
             I
             do
             not
             think
             it
             impossible
             but
             that
             a
             
               very
               heedful
            
             Beholder
             
             (
             which
             when
             I
             made
             those
             Tryals
             I
             had
             no
             great
             motive
             to
             be
             )
             may
             discern
             between
             those
             obscure
             colours
             some
             little
             differences
             ,
             that
             may
             much
             assist
             him
             to
             guess
             ,
             what
             metalline
             substance
             is
             contain'd
             in
             the
             Liquor
             ,
             or
             at
             least
             is
             predominant
             in
             it
             ,
             if
             it
             be
             a
             compounded
             one
             .
             And
             I
             particularly
             remember
             ,
             that
             the
             colour
             that
             sprang
             from
             our
             Sulphureous
             Liquor
             and
             solution
             of
             Tin
             ,
             was
             manifestly
             distinguishable
             from
             those
             produc'd
             in
             that
             of
             any
             of
             the
             other
             solutions
             ,
             being
             not
             black
             or
             blackish
             ,
             nor
             so
             much
             as
             purple
             ,
             but
             of
             a
             kind
             of
             brownish
             yellow
             .
          
           
             Though
             I
             am
             content
             that
             the
             things
             ,
             I
             come
             from
             mentioning
             ,
             should
             make
             men
             cautious
             and
             diffident
             ,
             yet
             not
             only
             I
             do
             not
             despise
             or
             slight
             the
             use
             of
             Galls
             ,
             &c.
             even
             as
             it
             it
             is
             vulgarly
             practis'd
             ,
             but
             I
             am
             apt
             to
             think
             that
             the
             way
             of
             exploring
             Mineral
             Waters
             by
             the
             changes
             of
             colour
             ,
             that
             may
             be
             produc'd
             in
             them
             or
             by
             them
             ,
             when
             they
             are
             mingled
             with
             convenient
             Drugs
             or
             Additaments
             ,
             
             may
             be
             made
             of
             greater
             extent
             and
             use
             than
             he
             ,
             that
             has
             read
             what
             I
             have
             written
             in
             the
             foregoing
             number
             ,
             will
             perhaps
             be
             forward
             to
             expect
             .
             But
             to
             make
             the
             way
             of
             exploring
             Mineral
             Waters
             by
             colorations
             ,
             of
             somewhat
             more
             general
             use
             and
             less
             uncertainty
             ,
             I
             would
             recommend
             these
             things
             to
             the
             experimenter
             ,
          
           
             (
             1.
             )
             It
             seems
             very
             fit
             ,
             if
             not
             necessary
             ,
             that
             he
             look
             upon
             the
             change
             of
             colours
             ,
             both
             while
             't
             is
             producing
             ,
             and
             when
             't
             is
             produce
             in
             a
             good
             light
             and
             with
             a
             heedful
             Eye
             .
             For
             by
             this
             means
             he
             may
             discover
             several
             shades
             or
             varietys
             of
             the
             more
             principal
             colours
             ,
             and
             some
             other
             circumstances
             that
             he
             could
             not
             else
             take
             notice
             of
             ;
             and
             which
             yet
             may
             afford
             good
             hints
             (
             in
             reference
             to
             other
             Minerals
             ,
             as
             well
             as
             Martial
             ones
             ,
             )
             to
             a
             sagacious
             observer
             .
             And
             I
             have
             sometimes
             fancy'd
             ,
             that
             there
             may
             be
             a
             kind
             of
             Physio
             gnomy
             of
             many
             ,
             if
             not
             most
             ,
             other
             natural
             Bodies
             as
             well
             as
             of
             humane
             faces
             ,
             whereby
             an
             attentive
             
             and
             experienc'd
             considerer
             may
             himself
             discern
             in
             them
             many
             instructive
             things
             ,
             that
             he
             cannot
             so
             declare
             to
             another
             man
             ,
             as
             to
             make
             him
             discern
             them
             too
             .
          
           
             (
             2.
             )
             The
             Attention
             here
             encourag'd
             may
             perhaps
             be
             made
             more
             instructive
             ,
             by
             a
             way
             that
             I
             have
             sometimes
             practis'd
             to
             vary
             the
             Shades
             ,
             and
             other
             Phaenomena
             of
             Colours
             produc'd
             with
             Mineral
             Liquors
             .
             This
             way
             consists
             chieflly
             in
             preparing
             Sheets
             of
             White
             Paper
             by
             drenching
             them
             in
             a
             strong
             Infusion
             of
             Brasil
             ,
             Log-wood
             ,
             or
             some
             other
             convenient
             dying
             stuff
             ,
             and
             then
             letting
             them
             dry
             leasurely
             in
             the
             Air
             ,
             which
             may
             give
             some
             of
             them
             ,
             as
             I
             have
             observ'd
             ,
             a
             colour
             differing
             enough
             from
             that
             of
             the
             Liquor
             look'd
             upon
             in
             a
             Vial
             or
             drinking
             Glass
             .
             Upon
             this
             dry'd
             Paper
             ye
             may
             let
             fall
             ,
             but
             not
             all
             on
             the
             same
             place
             ,
             some
             drops
             of
             the
             Mineral
             Liquor
             to
             be
             examin'd
             ,
             especially
             if
             it
             be
             of
             a
             Saline
             nature
             ,
             and
             by
             the
             Changes
             of
             Colour
             ,
             effected
             by
             these
             Drops
             on
             the
             
             Parts
             of
             the
             Paper
             ,
             they
             fell
             and
             spread
             themselves
             upon
             ,
             a
             heedful
             observer
             may
             be
             assisted
             to
             guess
             ,
             what
             kind
             of
             Mineral
             impregnates
             the
             Liquor
             ,
             and
             how
             much
             it
             does
             so
             ;
             especially
             if
             on
             the
             same
             Sheet
             of
             Paper
             some
             other
             fit
             Mineral
             Water
             or
             idoneous
             Liquor
             be
             likewise
             dropt
             ,
             that
             the
             changes
             of
             colour
             produc'd
             by
             the
             two
             Fluids
             ,
             may
             be
             survey'd
             and
             compar'd
             together
             .
             I
             also
             practis'd
             another
             way
             somewhat
             differing
             from
             this
             ;
             as
             the
             main
             part
             of
             which
             we
             prepar'd
             white
             Paper
             ,
             by
             rubbing
             well
             upon
             it
             ,
             with
             a
             hares
             foot
             or
             some
             such
             thing
             ,
             some
             idoneous
             Powders
             ,
             especially
             that
             of
             vitriol
             (
             whereof
             for
             this
             purpose
             English
             seem'd
             the
             best
             )
             lightly
             calcin'd
             in
             a
             gentle
             heat
             till
             it
             became
             of
             a
             grayish
             colour
             and
             friable
             between
             the
             Fingers
             .
             By
             this
             means
             't
             was
             easy
             to
             make
             the
             Paper
             fit
             for
             our
             turn
             .
             For
             the
             finer
             parts
             having
             lodg'd
             themselves
             in
             its
             Pores
             ,
             without
             much
             discolouring
             it
             when
             the
             supersluous
             dust
             was
             struck
             off
             ,
             it
             
             became
             capable
             of
             affording
             a
             variety
             of
             Colours
             ,
             or
             rather
             shades
             ,
             some
             deeper
             and
             some
             fainter
             ,
             when
             I
             let
             fall
             on
             it
             some
             drops
             of
             differing
             Martial
             Liquors
             .
             But
             of
             the
             Examen
             of
             the
             
               Materia
               medica
            
             ,
             by
             the
             changes
             of
             colour
             produc'd
             in
             it
             or
             by
             it
             ,
             more
             is
             said
             in
             another
             Paper
             ;
             and
             therefore
             ,
             instead
             of
             transferring
             that
             hither
             ,
             I
             shall
             here
             briefly
             intimate
             ,
             that
             divers
             variations
             of
             colour
             may
             be
             made
             ,
             either
             by
             infusing
             or
             otherwise
             mixing
             ,
             as
             I
             have
             sometimes
             done
             something
             in
             the
             Mineral
             Water
             before
             the
             tinging
             stuff
             be
             put
             to
             it
             :
             or
             by
             putting
             somewhat
             in
             the
             Infusion
             or
             Powder
             of
             Galls
             ,
             before
             it
             be
             mix'd
             with
             the
             Mineral
             Water
             ,
             
               or
               else
            
             by
             dropping
             fit
             Liquors
             (
             such
             as
             Spirit
             of
             Salt
             sirst
             ;
             and
             then
             Spirit
             of
             Urine
             ,
             or
             Oyl
             of
             Tartar
             )
             into
             the
             Blackish
             or
             Purple
             Mixture
             of
             Galls
             and
             the
             Medicinal
             Water
             to
             be
             examin'd
             .
             For
             by
             these
             means
             diverse
             variations
             of
             colours
             may
             be
             observ'd
             ;
             which
             ,
             together
             with
             some
             other
             wayes
             that
             I
             have
             
             made
             use
             of
             to
             multiply
             them
             ,
             I
             have
             not
             now
             leisure
             to
             set
             down
             .
          
           
             (
             3.
             )
             It
             is
             not
             convenient
             to
             confine
             ones
             self
             to
             the
             use
             either
             of
             Galls
             or
             Oaken
             Leaves
             ,
             but
             to
             make
             use
             also
             of
             Red
             Roses
             ,
             Balaustium
             ,
             Log-wood
             ,
             Brasil
             ,
             and
             other
             astringent
             vegetable
             Pigments
             .
             For
             ,
             though
             some
             of
             these
             give
             a
             deeper
             Tincture
             than
             Galls
             yet
             ,
             by
             the
             diversity
             of
             colours
             produc'd
             by
             them
             in
             Mineral
             Waters
             ,
             an
             attentive
             Beholder
             may
             ,
             as
             was
             lately
             intimated
             where
             I
             mention'd
             diversity
             of
             Lights
             and
             Shades
             ,
             discover
             some
             things
             that
             he
             would
             not
             be
             informed
             of
             ,
             or
             receive
             any
             hints
             of
             ,
             by
             the
             help
             of
             Galls
             of
             Oaken
             Leaves
             alone
             .
             Nay
             I
             would
             not
             have
             our
             experimenter
             imploy
             none
             but
             vegetable
             substances
             about
             his
             colorations
             ,
             but
             sometimes
             make
             use
             of
             Animal
             ones
             ,
             and
             (
             more
             often
             )
             of
             Minerals
             :
             Since
             by
             this
             means
             he
             may
             much
             diversify
             his
             Tryals
             ,
             and
             increase
             the
             number
             of
             Phaenomena
             ,
             some
             of
             which
             he
             may
             probably
             find
             instructive
             .
             Besides
             astringent
             Plants
             
             I
             have
             found
             ,
             and
             sometimes
             devis'd
             ,
             other
             substances
             that
             will
             turn
             black
             as
             well
             as
             Galls
             ,
             with
             vitriolated
             Water
             ;
             and
             that
             not
             only
             with
             those
             that
             are
             richly
             impregnated
             with
             Iron
             ,
             but
             also
             with
             those
             wherein
             Copper
             alone
             abounds
             ,
             as
             in
             Roman
             vitriol
             .
             And
             tho'
             ,
             for
             certain
             reasons
             ,
             I
             must
             not
             now
             set
             down
             a
             way
             I
             have
             ,
             to
             discover
             in
             a
             trice
             both
             these
             vitriols
             ,
             without
             any
             Liquor
             or
             Tangible
             Body
             ,
             yet
             I
             shall
             subjoin
             ,
             as
             a
             kind
             of
             Succedaneum
             that
             may
             suffice
             for
             the
             present
             occasion
             ,
             the
             way
             of
             making
             a
             Liquor
             that
             will
             presently
             turn
             black
             with
             a
             solution
             either
             of
             Martial
             or
             Cupreous
             vitriol
             .
          
           
             
               Take
               equal
               parts
               of
               pure
               Salt
               of
               Tartar
               ,
               and
               either
               Flowers
               of
               Sulphur
               ,
               or
               at
               least
               Sulphur
               finely
               powder'd
               ,
               and
               good
               Sal-armoniac
               ,
               reduce
               the
               first
               and
               the
               last
               to
               powder
               separately
               ,
               melt
               the
               Sulphur
               over
               a
               gentle
               fire
               ,
               and
               by
               degrees
               put
               to
               it
               the
               Salt
               of
               Tartar
               ,
               stirring
               them
               well
               ,
               to
               make
               
               them
               incorporate
               and
               grow
               red
               (
               or
               reddish
               .
               )
               Then
               put
               this
               mixture
               pulveriz'd
               into
               a
               Glass
               Retort
               ,
               or
               a
               cucurbite
               ,
               and
               pour
               on
               it
               the
               Sal-Armoniac
               dissolv'd
               in
               fair
               Water
               ,
               and
               closing
               well
               the
               Junctures
               ,
               distill
               all
               in
               sand
               by
               degrees
               of
               a
               moderate
               fire
               ,
               shifting
               the
               receiver
               once
               or
               twice
               ,
               because
               the
               Liquors
               will
               be
               differingly
               ting'd
               and
               strong
               ;
               and
               that
               which
               ascends
               last
               ,
               may
               bring
               over
               but
               very
               little
               of
               the
               Sulphur
               ,
               whose
               volatile
               Tincture
               is
               yet
               the
               main
               thing
               we
               aim
               at
               in
               this
               operation
               .
            
          
           
             (
             4.
             )
             I
             do
             not
             despair
             but
             that
             he
             ,
             who
             were
             able
             to
             make
             a
             skilful
             use
             of
             the
             several
             Drugs
             and
             other
             Body's
             ,
             Vegetable
             ,
             Animal
             and
             Mineral
             ,
             that
             may
             produce
             new
             colours
             in
             or
             with
             Mineral
             Waters
             ,
             (
             or
             in
             some
             cases
             with
             the
             substances
             that
             impregnate
             them
             ,
             )
             may
             by
             their
             means
             be
             also
             inabled
             to
             discover
             the
             presence
             or
             inexistence
             of
             divers
             other
             Minerals
             ,
             some
             of
             them
             salubrious
             ,
             or
             at
             least
             safe
             ,
             and
             some
             others
             
             either
             hurtfull
             ,
             or
             at
             least
             dangerous
             ,
             that
             are
             not
             taken
             notice
             of
             by
             those
             that
             content
             themselves
             to
             imploy
             Galls
             and
             Oaken
             Leaves
             ,
             in
             the
             exploration
             of
             the
             Waters
             they
             examine
             .
             For
             some
             of
             these
             Liquors
             contain
             Salts
             ,
             that
             having
             not
             corroded
             either
             Martial
             or
             Cupreous
             Ores
             or
             Marcasites
             ,
             do
             not
             betray
             themselves
             by
             producing
             either
             an
             Inky
             or
             a
             fainter
             degree
             of
             Blackness
             ,
             or
             else
             a
             Purple
             ,
             with
             the
             Drugs
             made
             use
             of
             to
             change
             their
             Colours
             .
             Ofthese
             Salts
             I
             have
             met
             with
             more
             than
             one
             sort
             ,
             which
             may
             be
             more
             properly
             take
             notice
             of
             ,
             when
             we
             consider
             the
             Mineral
             Water
             and
             its
             contents
             .
          
           
             12.
             
             I
             think
             it
             likewise
             very
             possible
             ,
             that
             industrious
             men
             should
             find
             wayes
             to
             discover
             ,
             by
             the
             help
             of
             the
             change
             of
             colours
             ,
             whether
             Orpiment
             or
             native
             Arsenick
             ,
             or
             the
             like
             poisonous
             Minerals
             ,
             do
             so
             impregnate
             the
             Water
             propos'd
             ,
             as
             to
             make
             it
             very
             hurtful
             or
             dangerous
             ,
             thô
             not
             absolutely
             pernicious
             .
             And
             as
             for
             Sulphur
             ,
             
             there
             may
             be
             several
             Waters
             that
             partake
             of
             it
             ,
             without
             being
             taken
             notice
             of
             to
             do
             so
             .
             For
             I
             remember
             ,
             that
             I
             have
             sometimes
             purposely
             made
             a
             Liquor
             ,
             that
             was
             limpid
             and
             colourless
             like
             Spring
             Water
             ,
             and
             which
             would
             totally
             fly
             up
             ,
             even
             with
             a
             gentle
             heat
             ;
             and
             yet
             this
             Liquor
             was
             richly
             impregnated
             with
             a
             Mineral
             Sulphur
             ,
             as
             I
             convinc'd
             several
             virtuosi
             by
             manifest
             and
             ocular
             proofs
             .
             So
             that
             if
             Sulphur
             chanc'd
             to
             be
             combin'd
             with
             any
             Salt
             or
             Mineral
             ,
             of
             those
             many
             subterraneal
             ones
             that
             nature
             hath
             hid
             from
             us
             ,
             that
             can
             suppress
             or
             disguise
             its
             peculiar
             odour
             ,
             the
             Water
             may
             be
             considerably
             ,
             and
             yet
             unobservedly
             ,
             impregnated
             with
             it
             .
             And
             yet
             't
             is
             like
             this
             may
             easily
             be
             discover'd
             by
             the
             change
             of
             colour
             ,
             producible
             in
             such
             a
             Sulphureous
             Liquor
             by
             vitriolate
             Bodies
             ,
             and
             ,
             other
             appropriate
             additaments
             :
             Which
             may
             be
             thought
             the
             more
             probable
             ,
             because
             ,
             thô
             the
             Spirit
             lately
             describ'd
             be
             very
             transparent
             and
             totally
             volatile
             in
             the
             form
             of
             a
             Liquor
             
             sometimes
             pale
             enough
             ,
             yet
             common
             English
             Vitriol
             ,
             as
             also
             that
             of
             Danzick
             which
             is
             Venereal
             ,
             will
             presently
             turn
             it
             of
             a
             black
             or
             very
             dark
             colour
             .
             And
             to
             add
             here
             something
             more
             difficult
             to
             be
             perform'd
             ,
             I
             have
             devis'd
             a
             way
             ,
             which
             
             I
             elsewhere
             deliver
             ,
             whereby
             it
             may
             appear
             that
             even
             Copper
             ,
             that
             hath
             been
             melted
             into
             a
             Body
             ,
             may
             be
             so
             subtiliz'd
             and
             disguis'd
             ,
             as
             to
             have
             a
             multitude
             of
             its
             metalline
             Parts
             made
             to
             ascend
             ,
             with
             others
             ,
             in
             the
             form
             of
             a
             Transparent
             Liquor
             like
             common
             Water
             :
             And
             yet
             by
             putting
             to
             it
             a
             little
             of
             another
             substance
             ,
             as
             volatile
             and
             colourless
             as
             it self
             ,
             it
             would
             presently
             disclose
             the
             Copper
             it
             contain'd
             by
             turning
             blew
             as
             a
             Saphire
             .
          
           
             13.
             
             Because
             Arsenic
             is
             a
             very
             pernicious
             Drug
             ,
             and
             yet
             has
             been
             suspected
             to
             be
             clandestinely
             mingled
             with
             some
             Mineral
             Waters
             ,
             which
             I
             thought
             the
             less
             improbable
             ,
             because
             
             some
             of
             the
             Marcasitical
             Bodies
             by
             which
             some
             Mineral
             Waters
             pass
             ,
             are
             judg'd
             not
             to
             be
             devoid
             of
             Arsenic
             ,
             for
             these
             reasons
             ,
             I
             say
             ,
             and
             for
             this
             other
             which
             makes
             the
             mention
             of
             it
             pertinent
             in
             this
             place
             ,
             that
             Galls
             did
             not
             (
             as
             I
             elsewhere
             note
             ,
             )
             discover
             at
             all
             the
             inexistence
             of
             this
             poysonous
             Drug
             in
             Water
             ,
             thô
             the
             Liquor
             were
             copiously
             impregnated
             with
             it
             ,
             I
             thought
             fit
             to
             make
             some
             Trials
             ,
             that
             seem'd
             to
             me
             likely
             to
             discover
             at
             once
             the
             in
             existence
             of
             Arsenic
             in
             Water
             ,
             and
             somewhat
             of
             the
             nature
             of
             that
             dangerous
             Mineral
             .
          
           
             Happening
             some
             years
             ago
             to
             tast
             Arsenic
             ,
             not
             without
             some
             little
             danger
             and
             inconvenience
             ,
             the
             Tast
             of
             it
             did
             not
             seem
             to
             me
             to
             favour
             the
             vulgar
             supposition
             ,
             that
             its
             poysonous
             nature
             consists
             in
             a
             highly
             Acid
             Salt
             ;
             whereas
             its
             Tast
             agrees
             well
             with
             my
             Conjecture
             ,
             who
             suspect
             it
             to
             be
             of
             an
             exceeding
             corroding
             or
             fretting
             nature
             ,
             but
             whose
             corrosiveness
             is
             
               sui
               generis
            
             ,
             that
             is
             ,
             of
             a
             peculiar
             
             kind
             .
             Having
             then
             made
             a
             strong
             solution
             of
             Arsenic
             in
             common
             Water
             ,
             [
             which
             does
             not
             without
             some
             skill
             easily
             dissolve
             it
             ,
             ]
             we
             mix'd
             a
             small
             proportion
             of
             it
             with
             the
             German-Spaw
             Water
             ,
             and
             then
             dropping
             into
             this
             mixture
             some
             highly
             dephlegm'd
             Spirit
             of
             Urine
             ,
             we
             perceiv'd
             a
             light
             Lactescence
             to
             be
             produc'd
             ,
             and
             a
             whitish
             Precipitate
             very
             slowly
             to
             subside
             .
          
           
             We
             found
             also
             that
             a
             little
             (
             excellent
             )
             Oyl
             of
             Tartar
             
               per
               deliquium
            
             ,
             being
             drop'd
             into
             some
             of
             the
             lately
             mention'd
             solution
             of
             Arsenic
             ,
             produc'd
             a
             heavy
             whitish
             cloud
             ,
             which
             presently
             settled
             at
             the
             lower
             part
             of
             the
             Glass
             .
             We
             also
             put
             Oyl
             of
             vitriol
             ,
             as
             one
             of
             the
             strongest
             Acids
             we
             know
             ,
             into
             the
             solution
             of
             Arsenic
             ,
             but
             did
             not
             perceive
             ,
             that
             the
             Oyl
             made
             a
             Precipitation
             ,
             or
             wrought
             much
             otherwise
             on
             it
             than
             it
             would
             have
             done
             upon
             common
             Water
             .
             And
             by
             these
             three
             Tryals
             one
             would
             suspect
             ,
             that
             Arsenic
             is
             ,
             at
             least
             
               ex
               praedominio
            
             ,
             an
             Acid
             Body
             .
          
           
           
             But
             not
             content
             with
             these
             ,
             we
             put
             some
             of
             the
             Arsenical
             Liquor
             upon
             some
             Syrup
             of
             Violets
             ,
             and
             found
             it
             to
             change
             the
             Syrup
             ,
             thô
             but
             slowly
             ,
             rather
             to
             a
             Green
             than
             a
             Red
             or
             Purple
             Colour
             .
          
           
             We
             put
             ,
             to
             another
             portion
             of
             the
             same
             Liquor
             ,
             some
             of
             our
             volatile
             sulphureous
             Spirit
             ,
             but
             took
             notice
             of
             no
             Precipitation
             that
             ensued
             .
          
           
             For
             a
             severer
             Examen
             we
             imploy'd
             a
             Tryal
             that
             we
             successfully
             make
             use
             of
             (
             and
             have
             deliver'd
             in
             another
             Paper
             )
             to
             discover
             such
             slight
             degrees
             of
             Acidity
             in
             Liquors
             ,
             as
             by
             ordinary
             Tryals
             are
             not
             discoverable
             ;
             but
             we
             could
             not
             by
             this
             way
             discern
             the
             least
             Acidity
             in
             our
             Arsenical
             Solution
             ,
             but
             rather
             a
             manifest
             token
             of
             an
             Urinous
             or
             Lixiviate
             Quality
             .
          
           
             With
             the
             former
             Experiment
             agreed
             very
             well
             that
             which
             we
             aftewards
             made
             ,
             by
             putting
             some
             of
             the
             Arsenical
             Liquor
             into
             a
             strong
             solution
             of
             common
             Sublimate
             made
             in
             
             fair
             Water
             .
             For
             by
             this
             means
             we
             had
             a
             copious
             Precipitate
             ,
             such
             as
             might
             have
             been
             expected
             from
             an
             Alkaline
             Precipitant
             .
             And
             this
             was
             not
             brick-colour'd
             ,
             as
             fix'd
             Alcali's
             produce
             with
             dissolv'd
             Sublimate
             ,
             but
             white
             ,
             such
             as
             Urinous
             or
             Volatile
             Alcalies
             ,
             (
             as
             they
             call
             them
             ,
             )
             are
             wont
             to
             make
             with
             the
             same
             Liquor
             .
          
           
             The
             forgoing
             Tryals
             having
             been
             made
             at
             one
             time
             ,
             when
             I
             was
             in
             hast
             ,
             and
             not
             at
             all
             fond
             of
             having
             to
             do
             with
             Arsenic
             (
             for
             which
             reason
             I
             caus'd
             the
             solution
             to
             be
             presently
             thrown
             away
             to
             prevent
             dangerous
             mistakes
             ;
             )
             thô
             what
             I
             have
             hitherto
             try'd
             seems
             very
             favourable
             to
             our
             propos'd
             conjecture
             ;
             
               That
               thô
               Arsenic
               be
               a
               very
               corrosive
               Body
               ,
               and
               perhaps
               upon
               that
               score
               poysonous
               ,
               yet
               its
               deleterious
               nature
               does
               not
               consist
               only
               or
               mainly
               in
               a
               transcendently
               Acid
               ,
               nor
               in
               a
               lixiviate
               caustick
               Quality
               ,
               but
               in
               a
               corrosiveness
               
                 sui
                 generis
              
               ,
               I
               mean
               peculiar
               and
               distinct
               :
            
             Yet
             I
             shall
             forbear
             to
             be
             positive
             in
             this
             conjecture
             till
             further
             
             Tryal
             ,
             pretending
             only
             ,
             by
             what
             has
             been
             said
             ,
             to
             shew
             the
             need
             of
             examining
             the
             vulgar
             supposition
             by
             further
             Inquiries
             ,
             and
             to
             give
             some
             hints
             towards
             the
             finding
             of
             Antidotes
             against
             this
             cruel
             Poyson
             .
          
           
             I
             shall
             now
             add
             that
             ,
             for
             the
             sake
             of
             Water-drinkers
             ,
             I
             cast
             about
             in
             my
             Thoughts
             for
             some
             way
             that
             might
             be
             of
             
               some
               use
            
             ,
             thô
             of
             
               no
               certainty
            
             ,
             in
             examining
             a
             Mineral
             Water
             suspected
             to
             contain
             Arsenic
             .
             To
             which
             purpose
             ,
             for
             Reasons
             which
             hast
             forbids
             me
             to
             mention
             ,
             I
             pitch'd
             upon
             vitriolate
             Bodies
             and
             found
             that
             if
             a
             little
             solution
             of
             Dantzick
             Vitriol
             were
             put
             to
             a
             convenient
             quantity
             of
             Arsenical
             Liquor
             ,
             there
             would
             presently
             insue
             a
             great
             change
             of
             colour
             ,
             and
             a
             dark
             Substance
             would
             by
             degrees
             precipitate
             it self
             and
             settle
             in
             the
             lower
             part
             of
             the
             Glass
             .
             The
             like
             effect
             we
             found
             ,
             when
             we
             put
             English
             vitriol
             ,
             which
             (
             having
             no
             Copper
             added
             in
             the
             making
             ,
             as
             that
             of
             Dantzick
             has
             ,
             )
             is
             either
             altogether
             or
             almost
             totally
             Martial
             ,
             into
             a
             considerable
             
             proportion
             of
             the
             Arsenical
             Solution
             .
          
           
             I
             fear
             I
             shall
             be
             thought
             to
             have
             dwelt
             by
             far
             too
             long
             upon
             this
             one
             (
             13
             )
             Article
             of
             our
             Sett
             of
             Titles
             :
             But
             I
             was
             tempted
             to
             do
             it
             ,
             Partly
             ,
             because
             I
             thought
             the
             Subject
             seem'd
             both
             to
             merit
             and
             to
             need
             it
             ,
             Partly
             ,
             because
             I
             thought
             fit
             to
             give
             an
             Instance
             that
             may
             shew
             that
             even
             that
             part
             of
             the
             Exploration
             of
             Mineral
             Waters
             ,
             that
             is
             judg'd
             to
             be
             the
             most
             cultivated
             ,
             hath
             been
             but
             superficially
             enough
             consider'd
             .
             And
             Partly
             ,
             too
             ,
             because
             my
             want
             of
             health
             ,
             and
             my
             preingagement
             to
             some
             Subjects
             that
             I
             am
             more
             concern'd
             for
             then
             I
             am
             for
             that
             I
             now
             treat
             of
             ,
             permitting
             me
             to
             make
             few
             other
             than
             
               shorter
               Notes
            
             upon
             the
             particular
             Articles
             and
             clauses
             of
             this
             Scheme
             of
             Titles
             ;
             I
             thought
             it
             not
             amiss
             ,
             by
             referring
             all
             the
             foregoing
             Observations
             and
             Tryals
             to
             the
             same
             Topick
             ,
             to
             give
             
               one
               Specimen
            
             (
             thô
             but
             an
             imperfect
             one
             )
             of
             those
             that
             ,
             for
             distinctions
             sake
             ,
             I
             style
             
               Large
               Annotations
            
             .
             And
             though
             
             the
             Title
             ,
             these
             belong
             to
             ,
             be
             the
             Thirteenth
             in
             the
             Scheme
             (
             of
             the
             II
             Part
             ,
             )
             yet
             I
             thought
             fit
             to
             premise
             these
             Notes
             to
             all
             the
             rest
             ?
             though
             divers
             of
             them
             be
             on
             Titles
             antecedent
             to
             the
             Thirteenth
             ,
             because
             one
             or
             other
             ,
             of
             the
             many
             Particulars
             refer'd
             to
             this
             last
             nam'd
             Title
             ,
             may
             probably
             be
             of
             use
             to
             you
             in
             considering
             many
             of
             the
             other
             Articles
             of
             this
             Scheme
             ,
             whether
             they
             follow
             the
             Thirteenth
             ,
             or
             precede
             it
             .
          
        
      
       
         
         
           
             Marginal
             Notes
          
           For
           the
           II.
           Or
           Physico-Chymical
           Part
           of
           the
           Natural
           History
           of
           a
           Mineral
           Water
           propos'd
           .
        
         
           
             Notes
             on
             the
             first
             Title
             .
          
           
             I.
             1.
             
             THe
             Article
             mentions
             Actual
             coldness
             and
             Heat
             ,
             because
             we
             do
             not
             here
             consider
             that
             which
             the
             Schools
             call
             Potential
             .
          
           
             2.
             
             The
             knowledge
             of
             the
             degree
             of
             Coldness
             in
             the
             Water
             ,
             especially
             if
             it
             be
             extraordinary
             ,
             may
             somewhat
             assist
             the
             Examiner
             to
             guess
             ,
             whether
             the
             Spring
             come
             from
             some
             notable
             depth
             under
             ground
             before
             it
             ascends
             ,
             or
             whether
             it
             runs
             through
             a
             soyl
             abounding
             with
             Salt-Peter
             or
             Sal-armoniac
             ,
             
             or
             some
             such
             very
             refrigerating
             substance
             .
          
           
             3.
             
             The
             degree
             of
             Coldness
             or
             Heat
             may
             be
             estimated
             several
             wayes
             as
             ,
             if
             the
             Water
             be
             cold
             ,
             by
             its
             having
             ,
             or
             not
             having
             ,
             the
             power
             to
             coagulate
             Essential
             Oyl
             of
             Anis
             seeds
             ,
             or
             that
             of
             Fennell
             seed
             ;
             &
             if
             it
             be
             that
             ,
             by
             its
             being
             ,
             or
             not
             being
             ,
             able
             to
             melt
             Bodies
             of
             somewhat
             differing
             dispositions
             to
             Fusion
             ,
             as
             Butte
             ,
             Tallow
             ,
             Bees-was
             ,
             &c.
             
             Or
             to
             coagulate
             the
             whites
             of
             Eggs
             ,
             or
             to
             boyl
             Eggs
             in
             the
             Shell
             ,
             &c.
             
             But
             the
             best
             way
             is
             to
             plunge
             into
             the
             Water
             propos'd
             ,
             or
             least
             the
             whole
             Ball
             or
             globulous
             part
             of
             a
             good
             hermetically
             seal'd
             Thermoscope
             ,
             whereon
             the
             degrees
             of
             cold
             and
             heat
             are
             carefully
             mark'd
             .
          
        
         
           
             Notes
             on
             the
             Second
             Title
             .
          
           
             II.
             The
             knowledge
             of
             the
             specifick
             Gravity
             of
             a
             Mineral
             Water
             ,
             may
             be
             of
             great
             use
             to
             him
             that
             endeavonrs
             to
             discover
             its
             nature
             ,
             not
             only
             as
             this
             knowledge
             inables
             him
             to
             distinguish
             
             the
             propos'd
             Water
             from
             others
             ,
             but
             because
             it
             may
             afford
             him
             a
             considerable
             and
             double
             information
             .
             For
             ,
             by
             comparing
             the
             weight
             of
             the
             propos'd
             Liquor
             with
             that
             of
             common
             Water
             ,
             he
             may
             be
             ,
             in
             case
             the
             former
             be
             heavier
             (
             as
             it
             usually
             happens
             to
             be
             )
             assisted
             to
             estimate
             what
             proportion
             of
             Salt
             ,
             or
             Martial
             ,
             or
             other
             Mineral
             Substance
             ,
             it
             is
             impregnated
             with
             .
             And
             if
             it
             be
             very
             light
             ,
             and
             much
             more
             if
             it
             be
             lighter
             than
             common
             Water
             ,
             he
             may
             probably
             conclude
             that
             the
             Substance
             ,
             that
             impregnates
             it
             ,
             is
             either
             very
             small
             in
             quantity
             or
             proportion
             ,
             or
             is
             not
             near
             so
             gross
             as
             is
             to
             be
             found
             in
             other
             Mineral
             Waters
             ,
             but
             of
             a
             Spirituous
             and
             Volatile
             nature
             which
             is
             a
             discovery
             of
             no
             small
             moment
             in
             this
             affair
             .
             And
             thó
             that
             may
             seem
             a
             paradox
             which
             I
             here
             suppose
             ,
             that
             a
             Water
             impregnated
             with
             a
             Metalline
             or
             Mineral
             Substance
             should
             be
             as
             light
             or
             even
             lighter
             than
             common
             Water
             .
             Yet
             upon
             Tryal
             carefully
             made
             I
             have
             found
             some
             Mineral
             Waters
             ,
             
             as
             particularly
             that
             of
             Tunbridge
             well
             taken
             up
             ,
             and
             (
             thô
             they
             be
             somewhat
             less
             light
             )
             that
             of
             the
             
               German
               Spaw
            
             ,
             and
             of
             some
             of
             the
             Islington
             Springs
             ,
             to
             be
             manifestly
             lighter
             than
             common
             Water
             ,
             and
             some
             taken
             up
             at
             
               Tun
               bridge
            
             I
             found
             to
             be
             lighter
             than
             common
             Water
             ,
             even
             purified
             by
             Distillation
             .
          
           
             And
             thô
             it
             be
             very
             hard
             to
             conceive
             ,
             yet
             I
             think
             it
             not
             impossible
             ,
             that
             a
             Subterreneal
             Substance
             ,
             that
             impregnates
             Water
             ,
             should
             be
             lighter
             
               in
               Specie
            
             than
             it
             :
             but
             yet
             I
             would
             not
             refer
             this
             surprizing
             Levity
             ,
             in
             all
             cases
             ,
             nor
             all
             of
             it
             in
             most
             cases
             ,
             to
             the
             admixture
             of
             lighter
             Corpuscles
             ,
             because
             some
             Tryals
             justify'd
             the
             suspicion
             I
             had
             ,
             that
             much
             of
             the
             Comparative
             Lightness
             proceeded
             from
             this
             ,
             That
             the
             Mineral
             Water
             was
             imbued
             with
             a
             smaller
             quantity
             of
             vulgar
             or
             culinary
             Salt
             ,
             than
             common
             Water
             uses
             to
             contain
             .
             But
             yet
             these
             Tryals
             did
             not
             satisfy
             me
             ,
             that
             this
             paucity
             of
             common
             Salt
             was
             the
             sole
             or
             adequate
             cause
             of
             the
             lightness
             of
             the
             mentioned
             Waters
             .
          
           
           
             But
             ,
             to
             discover
             such
             minute
             differences
             ,
             one
             must
             have
             good
             Instruments
             ,
             and
             indeed
             ,
             to
             speak
             freely
             ,
             there
             are
             few
             ,
             upon
             whose
             Reports
             I
             durst
             confidently
             relye
             ,
             for
             the
             Specific
             Gravity
             of
             Mineral
             Waters
             .
             For
             to
             weigh
             Liquors
             any
             thing
             exactly
             there
             is
             requisite
             more
             Heedfulness
             ,
             and
             more
             Skill
             ,
             and
             better
             Instruments
             ,
             than
             are
             easy
             to
             be
             met
             with
             together
             ,
             and
             than
             we
             usually
             imagine
             .
             And
             ,
             when
             Physicians
             and
             others
             weigh
             Mineral
             Waters
             ,
             they
             are
             wont
             to
             do
             it
             in
             some
             Apothecary
             or
             other
             Trades
             ▪
             mans
             Shop
             ,
             where
             ,
             if
             the
             Ballances
             be
             small
             ,
             the
             Vessels
             and
             the
             Water
             are
             commonly
             too
             heavy
             for
             them
             ,
             and
             oftentimes
             wrong
             them
             .
             And
             if
             ,
             as
             is
             usual
             ,
             the
             Bottles
             or
             other
             vessels
             be
             great
             ,
             they
             require
             far
             better
             Ballances
             than
             are
             usually
             imploy'd
             in
             the
             Shops
             of
             Apothecaries
             or
             Grocers
             ,
             whose
             Ballances
             a
             Critical
             Examiner
             will
             too
             often
             find
             to
             be
             far
             from
             being
             accurate
             ,
             insomuch
             that
             usually
             ,
             without
             at
             all
             altering
             the
             weights
             ,
             thô
             perhaps
             not
             
             great
             ones
             ,
             he
             may
             easily
             make
             which
             Scale
             he
             pleases
             manifestly
             preponderate
             ,
             and
             continue
             in
             that
             position
             ,
             and
             may
             as
             easily
             afterwards
             give
             the
             other
             Scale
             the
             same
             advantage
             :
             The
             diligent
             and
             experienced
             Mathematician
             Mersennus
             much
             complains
             of
             the
             difficulty
             he
             found
             to
             weigh
             Liquors
             exactly
             ,
             even
             by
             the
             help
             of
             his
             Nicer
             Instruments
             .
             The
             accuratest
             way
             ,
             I
             know
             ,
             is
             by
             comparing
             the
             differing
             weights
             that
             the
             same
             sinking
             Body
             has
             in
             common
             Water
             ,
             and
             in
             the
             Liquor
             propos'd
             .
             But
             this
             way
             (
             which
             I
             elsewhere
             circumstantially
             deliver
             )
             requiring
             ,
             besides
             good
             Instruments
             ,
             skill
             in
             Hydrostaticks
             ,
             is
             practicable
             but
             by
             few
             .
             And
             the
             way
             of
             comparing
             Waters
             ,
             by
             the
             greater
             or
             lesser
             sinking
             of
             the
             same
             Cylinder
             or
             other
             swiming
             Body
             into
             them
             ,
             is
             scarce
             accurate
             enough
             .
             Wherefore
             I
             chose
             to
             make
             a
             very
             skilfull
             Artist
             blow
             ,
             at
             the
             flame
             of
             a
             great
             Lamp
             ,
             a
             thin
             round
             vial
             with
             a
             flattish
             bottom
             ,
             that
             it
             might
             stand
             upright
             ,
             and
             be
             
             very
             light
             ,
             and
             this
             was
             furnish'd
             with
             a
             neck
             as
             large
             as
             a
             Goose
             quil
             drawn
             very
             even
             into
             a
             hollow
             Cylinder
             of
             above
             3
             Inches
             long
             ,
             and
             fitted
             at
             the
             top
             with
             a
             little
             Gap
             ,
             that
             hinder'd
             the
             Water
             from
             ascending
             above
             the
             due
             height
             .
          
           
             This
             Glass
             contain'd
             ℥
             iiiss
             and
             43
             grains
             of
             common
             Water
             ,
             and
             yet
             when
             empty
             ,
             weigh'd
             but
             ʒvi+
             42
             grains
             :
             So
             that
             I
             could
             use
             it
             ,
             when
             full
             of
             Liquor
             ,
             in
             such
             a
             Ballance
             ,
             that
             the
             addition
             or
             detraction
             of
             half
             a
             Grain
             ,
             or
             less
             ,
             would
             make
             either
             Scale
             preponderate
             .
             The
             length
             and
             evenness
             of
             the
             stem
             was
             design'd
             for
             uses
             not
             needful
             to
             be
             mention'd
             here
             ;
             where
             it
             may
             suffice
             for
             my
             purpose
             to
             say
             ,
             that
             this
             Glass
             was
             judged
             capable
             of
             holding
             Water
             enough
             for
             not
             uncurious
             Tryals
             ,
             and
             yet
             not
             to
             be
             ,
             thô
             well
             fill'd
             ,
             too
             heavy
             for
             a
             tender
             Ballance
             .
             In
             this
             Vessel
             herefore
             we
             carefully
             weighed
             several
             Liquors
             (
             whose
             Gravity
             belongs
             not
             to
             this
             place
             )
             and
             among
             them
             diverse
             Mineral
             Waters
             ,
             some
             
             of
             which
             ,
             at
             least
             known
             here
             at
             London
             ,
             were
             found
             to
             be
             of
             the
             annexed
             weights
             .
          
           
             The
             Glass
             being
             fill'd
             with
             several
             Liquors
             to
             the
             same
             height
             ,
             and
             weighed
             in
             the
             same
             Ballances
             .
          
           
             
               
                 
                    
                
                 
                   Ounces
                
                 
                   dr
                   .
                
                 
                   gr
                   .
                
              
               
                 
                   Common
                   Water
                   was
                   found
                   to
                   weigh
                
                 
                   3
                
                 
                   4
                
                 
                   43
                
              
               
                 
                   Common
                   Water
                   distill'd
                
                 
                   3
                
                 
                   4
                
                 
                   41
                
              
               
                 
                   Acton
                   Water
                
                 
                   3
                
                 
                   4
                
                 
                   48
                   ½
                
              
               
                 
                   Epsom
                   Water
                
                 
                   3
                
                 
                   4
                
                 
                   51
                
              
               
                 
                   Dulledge
                   Water
                
                 
                   2
                
                 
                   4
                
                 
                   54
                
              
               
                 
                   Straton
                   Water
                
                 
                   3
                
                 
                   4
                
                 
                   55
                
              
               
                 
                   Barnet
                   Water
                
                 
                   3
                
                 
                   4
                
                 
                   52
                
              
               
                 
                   North-Hall
                   Water
                
                 
                   3
                
                 
                   4
                
                 
                   50
                
              
               
                 
                   The
                   
                     German
                     Spaw
                  
                   Water
                
                 
                   3
                
                 
                   4
                
                 
                   40
                
              
               
                 
                   Tunbridge
                   Water
                
                 
                   3
                
                 
                   4
                
                 
                   38
                
              
               
                 
                   Islington
                   Water
                   from
                   the
                   Musick
                   House
                
                 
                   3
                
                 
                   4
                
                 
                   36
                
              
               
                 
                   Islington
                   Water
                   from
                   the
                   Vault
                   with
                   Steps
                
                 
                   3
                
                 
                   4
                
                 
                   39
                
              
               
                 
                   Islington
                   Water
                   from
                   the
                   Cellar
                
                 
                   3
                
                 
                   4
                
                 
                   39
                
              
            
          
           
             By
             this
             short
             account
             it
             may
             appear
             ,
             that
             ,
             as
             divers
             Mineral
             Waters
             (
             that
             contain
             Salts
             in
             them
             )
             are
             considerably
             heavier
             than
             Common
             Water
             ,
             
             so
             some
             ,
             especially
             Ferruginous
             Waters
             ,
             are
             impregnated
             with
             so
             fine
             a
             substance
             ,
             as
             to
             be
             lighter
             than
             common
             Water
             .
          
        
         
           
             Notes
             on
             the
             Fourth
             Title
             .
          
           
             IV.
             This
             Article
             may
             ,
             in
             divers
             cases
             ,
             give
             some
             light
             to
             the
             discovery
             of
             the
             kind
             of
             Soyl
             ,
             through
             which
             the
             Water
             has
             pass'd
             ;
             and
             is
             also
             useful
             to
             distinguish
             the
             
               Spontaneous
               residence
            
             ,
             if
             I
             may
             so
             call
             it
             ,
             that
             the
             Liquor
             le
             ts
             fall
             by
             meer
             standing
             ,
             from
             that
             which
             they
             call
             the
             
               Caput
               Mortuum
            
             ,
             that
             remains
             after
             the
             total
             evaporation
             of
             the
             Water
             ;
             by
             which
             means
             also
             the
             weight
             of
             this
             last
             residence
             may
             be
             more
             truly
             known
             .
             Besides
             some
             other
             Mineral
             Waters
             ,
             I
             found
             that
             the
             
               German
               Spaw
            
             Waters
             ,
             brought
             very
             well
             stop't
             to
             London
             ,
             afforded
             by
             long
             standing
             a
             pretty
             quantity
             of
             Terrestrial
             substance
             ,
             that
             look'd
             almost
             like
             yellow
             Oke●
             ,
             and
             perhaps
             was
             of
             great
             affinity
             to
             it
             in
             nature
             .
             3.
             
             That
             clause
             in
             the
             Article
             ,
             
             
               thô
               the
               Liquor
               be
               kept
               from
               the
               Air
               ,
            
             was
             therefore
             set
             down
             ,
             because
             I
             had
             found
             by
             Tryals
             ,
             that
             some
             Liquors
             ,
             by
             being
             expos'd
             to
             the
             free
             Air
             ,
             would
             have
             copious
             ,
             and
             sometimes
             surprizing
             ,
             substances
             separated
             from
             them
             ;
             as
             if
             the
             Air
             contain'd
             some
             Precipitating
             Salts
             ,
             fit
             to
             work
             on
             the
             Liquors
             ,
             so
             as
             to
             make
             in
             them
             such
             notable
             separations
             .
          
        
         
           
             Notes
             on
             the
             Fifth
             Title
             .
          
           
             V.
             An
             accidental
             weakness
             I
             had
             ,
             in
             my
             eyes
             ,
             when
             I
             had
             the
             best
             opportunity
             to
             endeavour
             satisfying
             my self
             about
             this
             Inquiry
             ,
             forc'd
             me
             to
             leave
             the
             prosecution
             of
             it
             to
             others
             .
             Only
             two
             things
             I
             shall
             take
             notice
             of
             on
             this
             occasion
             :
             One
             is
             that
             ,
             having
             caus'd
             one
             that
             had
             young
             Eyes
             ,
             and
             was
             accustom'd
             to
             make
             use
             of
             such
             Microscopes
             as
             are
             mention'd
             in
             the
             Article
             ,
             to
             look
             upon
             some
             Mineral
             Waters
             through
             them
             ,
             he
             said
             he
             could
             discern
             no
             difference
             between
             them
             and
             common
             Water
             .
             Notwithstanding
             
             which
             the
             Tryal
             ought
             to
             be
             repeated
             by
             various
             persons
             ,
             on
             several
             Waters
             ,
             with
             differing
             Engyscopes
             ,
             and
             in
             differing
             Lights
             ,
             and
             other
             circumstances
             .
             The
             other
             is
             ,
             that
             whereas
             it
             is
             by
             divers
             learned
             men
             objected
             ,
             against
             the
             goodness
             of
             these
             magnifying
             Glasses
             we
             now
             make
             use
             of
             to
             look
             on
             Liquors
             ,
             that
             the
             little
             Bodies
             that
             the
             ingenious
             ,
             Mr.
             Lewenhoeck
             ,
             and
             since
             him
             divers
             other
             Virtuosi
             ,
             have
             observ'd
             in
             Water
             wherein
             Pepper
             has
             been
             infus'd
             ,
             are
             not
             ,
             as
             he
             pretends
             ,
             living
             creatures
             ,
             but
             little
             inanimate
             concretions
             ,
             that
             are
             casually
             form'd
             ,
             and
             carry'd
             to
             and
             fro
             in
             the
             Liquor
             :
             To
             convince
             these
             Doubters
             ,
             of
             whose
             number
             I
             was
             my self
             at
             first
             inclin'd
             to
             be
             ,
             I
             devis'd
             the
             following
             experiment
             :
             Having
             laid
             ,
             upon
             the
             magnifying
             Glass
             ,
             a
             part
             of
             a
             drop
             of
             Water
             ,
             wherein
             I
             could
             see
             store
             of
             these
             little
             Animals
             frisking
             up
             and
             down
             ,
             we
             put
             to
             the
             Liquor
             ,
             with
             a
             bristle
             or
             some
             such
             very
             slender
             thing
             ,
             part
             of
             a
             drop
             of
             Spirit
             of
             Salt
             ,
             which
             ,
             as
             
             was
             expected
             ,
             presently
             kill'd
             these
             little
             tender
             creatures
             ,
             and
             depriving
             them
             of
             their
             Animal
             Motion
             ,
             left
             them
             to
             be
             carry'd
             so
             slowly
             to
             and
             fro
             in
             the
             Liquor
             ,
             as
             to
             make
             it
             visible
             that
             they
             were
             then
             dead
             and
             had
             been
             before
             alive
             .
          
        
         
           
             Notes
             on
             the
             Seventh
             Title
             .
          
           
             VII
             1.
             
             The
             Odours
             of
             divers
             Mineral
             Waters
             are
             best
             judg'd
             of
             at
             the
             Spring
             head
             or
             other
             Receptacle
             ,
             whence
             some
             of
             them
             being
             remov'd
             scarce
             afford
             any
             Odour
             at
             all
             (
             perceptible
             by
             us
             men
             .
             )
          
           
             2.
             
             Perhaps
             the
             Sulphureous
             scent
             ,
             that
             is
             sometimes
             ,
             perceiv'd
             in
             Tunbridge
             and
             some
             other
             Waters
             in
             their
             sources
             ,
             may
             in
             part
             proceed
             from
             loose
             Exhalations
             ,
             that
             casually
             happen
             to
             be
             mingled
             with
             the
             Waters
             ,
             but
             do
             not
             constantly
             belong
             to
             it
             .
          
           
             3.
             
             The
             winy
             odour
             is
             mention'd
             among
             others
             :
             Because
             I
             am
             credibly
             
             inform'd
             that
             ,
             in
             France
             ,
             there
             is
             a
             Mineral
             Spring
             ,
             if
             not
             more
             or
             less
             than
             one
             ,
             that
             has
             such
             a
             smell
             .
          
           
             4.
             
             I
             mention
             the
             Bituminous
             Odour
             ,
             distinctly
             from
             the
             Sulphureous
             because
             men
             are
             too
             apt
             to
             confound
             them
             ,
             and
             take
             all
             stinking
             Mineral
             ▪
             Waters
             for
             Sulphureous
             ,
             whereas
             divers
             are
             manifestly
             Bituminous
             ;
             as
             may
             be
             gather'd
             ,
             to
             omit
             other
             signs
             ,
             not
             only
             from
             their
             proper
             odours
             ,
             but
             from
             more
             or
             fewer
             drops
             of
             Petroleum
             ,
             or
             a
             kind
             of
             course
             Naphtha
             ,
             that
             are
             found
             swimming
             upon
             the
             Water
             .
          
           
             5.
             
             I
             think
             it
             also
             not
             unlikely
             ,
             that
             sometimes
             a
             Spring
             may
             partake
             both
             of
             Sulphur
             and
             Bitumen
             ,
             mingl'd
             together
             by
             the
             Subterraneal
             Heat
             ,
             since
             I
             have
             found
             that
             I
             could
             easily
             enough
             melt
             and
             incorporate
             these
             two
             substances
             here
             above
             ground
             .
          
        
         
           
           
             Notes
             on
             Ninth
             Title
             .
          
           
             IX
             .
             1.
             
             This
             is
             an
             almost
             necessary
             Article
             because
             many
             Persons
             ,
             that
             drink
             Mineral
             Waters
             ,
             cannot
             well
             ,
             either
             for
             want
             of
             strength
             or
             conveniency
             ,
             repair
             immediately
             to
             the
             Spring
             head
             ,
             but
             are
             oblig'd
             to
             drink
             them
             in
             their
             Beds
             or
             their
             Lodgings
             ,
             and
             perhaps
             to
             have
             them
             transported
             to
             a
             great
             distance
             ,
             or
             even
             to
             another
             country
             .
             2.
             
             Many
             Purging
             Waters
             are
             found
             to
             retain
             their
             Laxative
             vertue
             ,
             and
             that
             perhaps
             for
             a
             considerable
             time
             ,
             thô
             they
             be
             transported
             to
             places
             distant
             from
             those
             they
             rise
             in
             .
             3.
             
             In
             such
             Ferruginous
             Waters
             ,
             as
             are
             lighter
             than
             common
             Water
             ,
             I
             found
             a
             manifest
             difference
             in
             reference
             to
             transportation
             :
             For
             most
             of
             them
             ,
             even
             such
             as
             will
             bear
             removing
             ,
             have
             something
             of
             freshness
             and
             quickness
             at
             the
             Spring
             head
             ,
             (
             perhaps
             from
             some
             Spirituous
             and
             Fugitive
             Exhalations
             ,
             that
             there
             arise
             with
             them
             ,
             but
             presently
             vanish
             ,
             )
             that
             
             they
             have
             not
             any
             where
             else
             .
             And
             some
             do
             not
             only
             lose
             this
             briskness
             by
             being
             remov'd
             ,
             thô
             in
             vessels
             well
             stop'd
             ,
             but
             they
             lose
             also
             the
             power
             of
             producing
             ,
             with
             the
             powder
             of
             Galls
             ,
             a
             Purple
             colour
             ,
             as
             I
             found
             by
             Tryal
             purposely
             made
             in
             more
             than
             one
             of
             these
             Mineral
             Waters
             ,
             which
             ,
             to
             prevent
             fraud
             ,
             I
             sent
             for
             to
             the
             Springs
             themselves
             by
             servants
             of
             my
             own
             :
             For
             thô
             these
             carryed
             their
             Glass
             Bottles
             along
             with
             them
             ,
             and
             had
             no
             other
             Errand
             there
             but
             to
             fill
             and
             stop
             them
             carefully
             yet
             ,
             by
             being
             transported
             less
             than
             one
             league
             ,
             I
             found
             them
             so
             alter'd
             ,
             that
             they
             would
             no
             longer
             make
             a
             Purplish
             colour
             with
             powder'd
             Galls
             ,
             but
             a
             deep
             reddish
             one
             ;
             whereas
             the
             
               German
               Spaw
            
             Waters
             did
             almost
             alwayes
             here
             in
             London
             afford
             me
             ,
             with
             the
             same
             Powder
             of
             Galls
             ,
             a
             rich
             Purple
             Colour
             .
             And
             Tunbridge
             Waters
             afforded
             me
             the
             like
             ,
             but
             not
             so
             deep
             a
             one
             .
             when
             I
             receiv'd
             them
             at
             London
             very
             well
             stopt
             .
             4.
             
             This
             last
             clause
             was
             not
             to
             be
             omitted
             ,
             because
             the
             exact
             
             or
             negligent
             closing
             of
             the
             vessels
             ,
             wherein
             such
             Waters
             are
             transported
             ,
             is
             a
             circumstance
             of
             great
             moment
             .
             For
             more
             than
             once
             I
             receiv'd
             at
             London
             ,
             Waters
             sent
             me
             from
             Tunbridge
             by
             Physicians
             themselves
             ,
             (
             who
             us'd
             at
             least
             a
             moderate
             care
             in
             putting
             them
             up
             ,
             )
             which
             yet
             would
             by
             no
             means
             afford
             with
             Galls
             a
             purplish
             Colour
             .
             And
             I
             found
             that
             even
             the
             
               German
               Spaw-Water
            
             would
             almost
             presently
             lose
             its
             capacity
             of
             being
             made
             Purple
             by
             Galls
             ,
             if
             it
             were
             considerably
             heated
             .
             5.
             
             But
             the
             same
             Spaw-Water
             being
             ,
             in
             Summer
             time
             ,
             kept
             all
             night
             in
             an
             open
             Vessel
             ,
             did
             the
             next
             morning
             till
             it
             was
             late
             ,
             if
             not
             till
             Noon
             ,
             retain
             a
             disposition
             to
             be
             made
             Purple
             by
             the
             admixture
             of
             Galls
             ;
             but
             that
             disposition
             it
             lost
             before
             the
             next
             day
             .
          
        
         
           
           
             Notes
             on
             the
             Fifteenth
             Title
             .
          
           
             XV.
             1.
             
             Because
             it
             often
             happens
             ,
             that
             men
             have
             not
             the
             leisure
             and
             the
             conveniency
             totally
             to
             evaporate
             the
             proposed
             Mineral
             Water
             ,
             it
             may
             be
             an
             useful
             thing
             ,
             to
             be
             able
             without
             evaporation
             to
             discover
             ,
             whether
             it
             contain
             any
             common
             Salt
             and
             ,
             if
             it
             do
             ,
             to
             make
             some
             estimate
             ,
             how
             copiously
             or
             sparingly
             the
             Liquor
             is
             impregnated
             with
             it
             .
             This
             might
             easily
             be
             done
             ,
             with
             nicety
             enough
             ,
             if
             I
             were
             not
             by
             very
             just
             Reasons
             restrain'd
             ,
             for
             a
             while
             ,
             from
             communicating
             that
             way
             of
             examining
             the
             saltness
             and
             freshness
             of
             Waters
             ,
             of
             which
             I
             did
             ,
             by
             the
             Kings
             command
             ,
             show
             his
             Majesty
             some
             proofs
             ,
             whereof
             mention
             was
             presently
             after
             made
             in
             the
             printed
             Gazets
             .
             But
             till
             it
             be
             free
             for
             me
             to
             impart
             that
             way
             to
             the
             publick
             ,
             I
             shall
             only
             intimate
             ,
             that
             some
             guess
             may
             be
             made
             at
             the
             Saltness
             of
             Waters
             ,
             by
             observing
             ,
             whether
             they
             will
             lather
             with
             wash-balls
             or
             Soap
             ,
             
             and
             ,
             if
             they
             will
             not
             ,
             what
             quantity
             of
             curdled
             matter
             they
             will
             produce
             ;
             as
             also
             ,
             whether
             the
             Waters
             will
             serve
             for
             washing
             of
             Linnen
             ,
             and
             will
             boil
             Peas
             tender
             ?
             Which
             two
             are
             the
             most
             usual
             wayes
             that
             many
             Sea
             men
             take
             to
             examine
             the
             goodness
             of
             unknown
             Waters
             by
             .
             In
             divers
             Purging
             Waters
             this
             way
             may
             be
             difficult
             to
             be
             practis'd
             with
             certainty
             ,
             because
             of
             other
             Salts
             that
             may
             be
             predominant
             in
             them
             ;
             but
             in
             the
             Examen
             of
             lightly
             Ferruginous
             Springs
             it
             may
             be
             more
             rely'd
             upon
             .
             2.
             
             It
             may
             not
             be
             unworthy
             observation
             that
             ,
             when
             I
             made
             use
             of
             my
             own
             way
             of
             examining
             the
             Saltness
             of
             Mineral
             Springs
             ,
             I
             did
             not
             find
             even
             the
             lightest
             sort
             of
             them
             devoid
             of
             common
             Salt
             ;
             which
             I
             found
             ,
             but
             not
             in
             equal
             proportions
             ,
             to
             be
             contain'd
             ,
             not
             only
             in
             the
             several
             Waters
             of
             
               Islington
               ,
               Hamstead
            
             VVater
             ,
             and
             ,
             if
             I
             misremember
             not
             ,
             in
             some
             others
             ,
             but
             also
             particularly
             in
             Tunbridge
             VVaters
             ,
             and
             those
             of
             the
             German-Spaw
             ,
             which
             I
             did
             not
             much
             wonder
             at
             ,
             because
             I
             had
             long
             
             known
             ,
             that
             more
             or
             less
             of
             common
             Salt
             is
             very
             usually
             harbour'd
             ,
             thô
             not
             observed
             ,
             in
             many
             Soils
             ,
             through
             which
             all
             sorts
             of
             Springs
             ,
             and
             consequently
             Mineral
             ones
             ,
             have
             their
             course
             .
          
        
         
           
             Notes
             on
             the
             Sixteenth
             Title
             .
          
           
             XVI
             .
             Thô
             Acidity
             be
             so
             usually
             a
             manifest
             Quality
             of
             Mineral
             Waters
             ,
             that
             Authors
             are
             wont
             to
             divide
             them
             into
             Acidulae
             and
             Thermae
             ,
             yet
             I
             have
             found
             ,
             by
             several
             Tryals
             ,
             that
             't
             is
             not
             near
             so
             easy
             as
             men
             presume
             ,
             to
             find
             a
             manifest
             Acidity
             in
             all
             Mineral
             Waters
             ,
             that
             are
             not
             Sulphureous
             or
             Hot.
             For
             several
             Ferruginous
             Waters
             ,
             having
             probably
             spent
             the
             Acidity
             they
             had
             upon
             the
             Iron
             Ore
             ,
             which
             they
             dissolv'd
             in
             their
             passage
             ,
             retain
             so
             little
             Acidity
             ,
             that
             't
             is
             hard
             to
             discover
             they
             have
             any
             ,
             either
             by
             their
             working
             upon
             Coral
             ,
             or
             by
             any
             conflict
             with
             Spirit
             of
             Urine
             ,
             or
             the
             like
             ,
             or
             by
             mixing
             them
             with
             Syrup
             of
             Violets
             ,
             to
             change
             the
             colour
             of
             it
             ;
             
             insomuch
             that
             sometimes
             I
             should
             have
             concluded
             some
             such
             Waters
             to
             have
             no
             Acidity
             at
             all
             ,
             if
             I
             had
             not
             had
             a
             way
             of
             discovering
             a
             far
             less
             degree
             of
             it
             ,
             than
             I
             could
             discern
             it
             to
             have
             by
             other
             Tryals
             .
             The
             circumstances
             ,
             that
             made
             this
             way
             of
             examining
             so
             critical
             ,
             will
             cost
             me
             too
             many
             words
             to
             set
             down
             here
             ,
             and
             I
             have
             done
             it
             in
             another
             Paper
             expresly
             written
             ,
             of
             the
             way
             of
             discovering
             the
             Qualities
             of
             divers
             Bodies
             ,
             by
             changes
             of
             colour
             made
             in
             or
             with
             them
             :
             And
             therefore
             I
             shall
             here
             but
             briefly
             tell
             you
             ,
             that
             I
             discover
             the
             Acidity
             of
             Liquors
             by
             their
             operation
             upon
             the
             colours
             of
             an
             Infusion
             of
             
               Lignum
               Nephriticum
            
             made
             in
             Lympid
             Water
             ,
             (
             and
             order'd
             after
             a
             certain
             manner
             .
             )
             By
             this
             means
             I
             found
             the
             
               German
               Spaw
            
             Water
             to
             retain
             a
             little
             Acidity
             ,
             even
             here
             at
             London
             ;
             but
             more
             than
             one
             of
             our
             own
             Ferruginous
             Springs
             did
             not
             ,
             even
             upon
             this
             Tryal
             ,
             appear
             to
             have
             any
             .
             And
             (
             which
             some
             may
             think
             strange
             )
             I
             did
             not
             find
             even
             some
             of
             the
             Purging
             Springs
             ,
             particularly
             
             that
             of
             Acton
             ,
             to
             have
             any
             discernible
             Acidity
             .
          
        
         
           
             Notes
             on
             the
             Twentieth
             Title
             .
          
           
             XX.
             The
             Scope
             of
             this
             Inquiry
             was
             twofold
             :
             The
             first
             ,
             to
             discover
             whether
             a
             change
             of
             Texture
             would
             notably
             alter
             the
             Qualities
             of
             the
             Liquor
             ,
             when
             the
             Hermetical
             Seal
             hinder'd
             the
             Avolation
             of
             any
             Saline
             ,
             Ferruginous
             ,
             or
             Spirituous
             parts
             :
             And
             the
             other
             was
             ,
             to
             see
             whether
             such
             an
             Agitation
             ,
             by
             heat
             ,
             as
             in
             the
             open
             Air
             would
             ,
             as
             I
             had
             found
             ,
             deprive
             the
             Spaw
             Water
             of
             the
             vertue
             of
             making
             a
             Purple
             colour
             with
             Galls
             ,
             would
             cause
             any
             manifest
             separation
             of
             parts
             in
             the
             Liquor
             ,
             and
             make
             any
             grosser
             substance
             to
             precipitate
             or
             subside
             .
             But
             thô
             we
             did
             twice
             (
             not
             without
             difficulty
             )
             make
             the
             experiment
             with
             Spaw
             Water
             ,
             yet
             we
             made
             it
             without
             success
             .
             For
             the
             first
             time
             the
             Glass
             broke
             at
             the
             bottom
             ,
             before
             the
             Water
             we
             immers'd
             it
             in
             was
             near
             boyling
             hot
             .
             And
             thô
             the
             other
             Glass
             resisted
             
             longer
             ,
             and
             indur'd
             a
             greater
             heat
             ,
             yet
             in
             not
             very
             many
             Minutes
             that
             also
             broke
             at
             the
             bottom
             .
             Which
             disappointments
             a
             faithful
             Historian
             ought
             as
             little
             to
             conceal
             ,
             as
             better
             successes
             .
             And
             I
             chuse
             to
             leave
             this
             20th
             Article
             of
             Inquiry
             in
             its
             place
             ,
             among
             the
             rest
             of
             the
             Titles
             ,
             because
             possibly
             some
             other
             may
             be
             more
             happy
             ,
             than
             I
             was
             ,
             in
             endeavouring
             to
             answer
             it
             .
             And
             I
             hold
             it
             not
             amiss
             ,
             in
             drawing
             up
             Platforms
             of
             Natural
             History
             ,
             to
             set
             down
             what
             Questions
             we
             think
             fit
             to
             be
             propos'd
             to
             nature
             ;
             because
             we
             cannot
             be
             sure
             ,
             before
             Endeavours
             for
             Tryal
             be
             us'd
             ,
             whether
             the
             thing
             to
             be
             attempted
             be
             practically
             performable
             or
             not
             .
          
        
         
           
           
             Notes
             on
             the
             Twenty
             sixth
             Title
             .
          
           
             XXVI
             .
             1.
             
             Divers
             wayes
             may
             be
             propounded
             to
             discover
             which
             of
             the
             Qualities
             ,
             mention'd
             in
             this
             Article
             ,
             is
             predominant
             in
             the
             Salt
             to
             be
             examin'd
             ;
             but
             I
             confess
             I
             somewhat
             doubt
             ,
             whether
             these
             waies
             of
             Tryal
             be
             so
             certain
             ,
             as
             many
             will
             be
             forward
             to
             think
             them
             .
             2.
             
             If
             Acidity
             be
             guess'd
             to
             be
             predominant
             in
             the
             Salt
             propos'd
             it
             will
             probably
             appear
             by
             such
             waies
             as
             these
             .
             By
             the
             Tast
             ,
             odour
             ,
             or
             both
             :
             By
             working
             upon
             Coral
             or
             Crabs
             eyes
             finely
             powder'd
             :
             By
             curdling
             of
             Milk
             ;
             By
             making
             Syrup
             of
             violets
             reddish
             :
             By
             the
             power
             of
             destroying
             the
             blew
             colour
             of
             the
             Infusion
             of
             
               Lignum
               Nephriticum
               :
               By
            
             not
             being
             Precipitable
             by
             Potent
             Acid
             Liquors
             as
             Oyl
             of
             Vitriol
             ,
             Spirit
             of
             Salt
             ;
             and
             by
             being
             Precipitable
             by
             Oyl
             of
             Tartar
             
               per
               deliquium
            
             ,
             as
             also
             by
             strong
             Spirit
             of
             Urine
             ,
             and
             other
             volatile
             Alcaly's
             ,
             as
             they
             are
             call'd
             .
             But
             ,
             as
             I
             was
             noting
             above
             ,
             I
             doubt
             whether
             these
             proofs
             be
             
             absolutely
             certain
             ;
             for
             ,
             if
             I
             mistake
             not
             ,
             I
             found
             some
             Purging
             Mineral
             Waters
             that
             would
             not
             give
             even
             so
             slight
             a
             proof
             of
             acidity
             ,
             as
             to
             destroy
             the
             blewness
             of
             the
             Nephritic
             Tincture
             :
             Which
             yet
             would
             curdle
             Milk
             ,
             and
             turn
             it
             to
             a
             kind
             of
             Posset
             ;
             and
             ,
             on
             the
             contrary
             ,
             I
             found
             that
             some
             
               German
               Spaw
            
             Water
             would
             not
             curdle
             Milk
             ,
             &
             yet
             would
             readily
             deprive
             the
             newly
             mention'd
             Tincture
             of
             its
             ceruleous
             colour
             ;
             which
             yet
             I
             did
             not
             find
             that
             some
             of
             our
             English
             Ferruginous
             Waters
             were
             ,
             at
             least
             when
             brought
             me
             to
             London
             ,
             able
             to
             do
             .
             3.
             
             The
             predominancy
             of
             an
             Alcaly
             ,
             in
             the
             Salt
             of
             a
             Mineral
             Water
             ,
             may
             be
             probably
             discover'd
             by
             such
             waies
             as
             these
             .
             By
             the
             Lixiviate
             Tast
             ,
             Smell
             ,
             or
             both
             ;
             the
             former
             of
             which
             may
             be
             observ'd
             in
             the
             true
             Niter
             of
             the
             Ancients
             ,
             (
             which
             I
             have
             had
             brought
             me
             from
             Aegypt
             ,
             and
             a
             neighbouring
             Country
             ,
             whose
             name
             I
             do
             not
             now
             remember
             :
             )
             By
             the
             turning
             of
             Syrup
             of
             violets
             green
             :
             By
             the
             Precipitation
             
             of
             solution
             of
             sublimate
             made
             in
             Spring-Water
             :
             By
             an
             effervescence
             or
             conflict
             with
             some
             potent
             Acid
             ,
             as
             
               Aqua
               fortis
            
             ,
             or
             well
             dephlegm'd
             Sprit
             of
             Salt
             :
             By
             heightning
             the
             red
             Tincture
             of
             Logwood
             or
             Brazil
             ,
             drawn
             with
             common
             Water
             ,
             to
             which
             ,
             may
             be
             added
             a
             Nicer
             way
             or
             two
             that
             I
             have
             elsewhere
             mention'd
             .
             But
             I
             propose
             these
             waies
             but
             as
             appearing
             rational
             ,
             upon
             the
             score
             of
             my
             having
             successfully
             try'd
             them
             with
             other
             Saline
             Bodies
             that
             were
             Alcalisate
             .
             For
             as
             to
             those
             Mineral
             Waters
             ,
             I
             have
             had
             occasion
             to
             examine
             ,
             I
             do
             not
             remember
             I
             have
             yet
             met
             with
             any
             ,
             wherein
             an
             Alcaly
             was
             predominant
             .
             4.
             
             But
             perhaps
             farther
             Inquiry
             will
             discover
             to
             others
             here
             in
             England
             ,
             what
             I
             have
             not
             yet
             met
             with
             :
             And
             I
             doubt
             not
             but
             that
             there
             are
             ,
             in
             divers
             places
             of
             the
             Earth
             ,
             Salts
             of
             an
             Alcalisate
             nature
             .
             And
             I
             presume
             that
             ,
             if
             the
             Egyptians
             were
             any
             thing
             curious
             of
             such
             things
             ,
             they
             would
             find
             ,
             among
             their
             Springs
             or
             Wells
             ,
             divers
             Waters
             impregnated
             
             with
             them
             .
             For
             I
             found
             by
             Tryals
             ,
             purposely
             made
             upon
             Latron
             ,
             as
             some
             knowing
             men
             call
             the
             true
             Egyptian
             Niter
             ,
             presented
             me
             by
             an
             inquisitive
             Ambassador
             who
             came
             out
             of
             the
             East
             ,
             that
             the
             native
             Salt
             exhibited
             divers
             of
             the
             same
             Phaenomena
             that
             other
             factitious
             Alcali's
             do
             .
             And
             some
             Salt
             ,
             afforded
             by
             the
             famous
             Waters
             of
             Bourbon
             in
             France
             ,
             being
             brought
             me
             thence
             ,
             with
             a
             desire
             that
             I
             would
             examine
             it
             ,
             I
             found
             it
             to
             be
             evidently
             Alcalisate
             ;
             insomuch
             that
             it
             would
             make
             a
             conflict
             with
             Acids
             ,
             and
             presently
             turn
             Syrup
             of
             violets
             green
             .
             5.
             
             If
             we
             suspect
             Vitriol
             to
             be
             much
             predominant
             in
             the
             Saline
             part
             of
             a
             Mineral
             Water
             ,
             we
             may
             endeavour
             to
             discover
             it
             by
             such
             wayes
             as
             these
             .
             By
             its
             blackning
             a
             Solution
             of
             Galls
             :
             By
             its
             vomitive
             operation
             upon
             the
             Drinkers
             ,
             thô
             this
             may
             sometimes
             be
             an
             uncertain
             way
             especially
             because
             an
             invisible
             permixture
             of
             Arsenic
             ,
             or
             or
             perhaps
             Arsenical
             Fumes
             ,
             may
             give
             the
             Water
             they
             impregnate
             an
             Emetic
             Quality
             :
             By
             putting
             Alcali's
             
             to
             a
             strong
             solution
             of
             the
             suppos'd
             Vitriol
             ,
             and
             observing
             whether
             it
             will
             afford
             a
             yellow
             or
             yellowish
             Precipitate
             ,
             if
             Salt
             of
             Tartar
             or
             Spirit
             of
             Urine
             be
             dropt
             into
             it
             .
             By
             taking
             notice
             ,
             whether
             a
             Sulphureous
             Spirit
             ,
             especially
             ▪
             such
             an
             one
             as
             I
             formerly
             told
             I
             had
             made
             thô
             not
             here
             describ'd
             ,
             will
             make
             a
             blackish
             or
             a
             very
             dark
             colour
             with
             it
             ,
             as
             I
             first
             guess'd
             ,
             and
             then
             found
             it
             would
             do
             with
             several
             vitriolate
             Liquors
             ,
             and
             even
             with
             one
             ,
             to
             make
             which
             we
             had
             dissolv'd
             but
             one
             grain
             of
             a
             Natural
             Vitriolate
             substance
             in
             above
             four
             or
             five
             thousand
             times
             its
             weight
             of
             Syrup
             or
             Water
             .
             But
             in
             the
             parts
             about
             London
             I
             remember
             not
             that
             ,
             in
             any
             of
             the
             Waters
             I
             have
             made
             Tryals
             on
             ,
             I
             have
             found
             Vitriol
             to
             be
             predominant
             ,
             or
             to
             be
             so
             much
             as
             a
             manifest
             Ingredient
             :
             Which
             seem'd
             to
             me
             the
             more
             remarkable
             ,
             because
             several
             parts
             about
             this
             City
             are
             not
             destitute
             of
             Marcasites
             ,
             the
             Parents
             or
             Wombs
             of
             Vitriol
             .
             Since
             the
             writing
             of
             these
             Papers
             ,
             being
             casually
             visited
             by
             a
             discerning
             
             Stranger
             ,
             who
             had
             a
             particular
             occasion
             to
             take
             notice
             of
             the
             Residences
             of
             many
             of
             the
             Mineral
             Waters
             of
             France
             ,
             his
             native
             Country
             ;
             he
             answer'd
             me
             that
             he
             never
             met
             with
             any
             that
             was
             manifestly
             Vitriolate
             ;
             and
             he
             seem'd
             to
             be
             of
             opinion
             ,
             that
             no
             Vitriolate
             Spring
             had
             yet
             been
             discover'd
             ,
             among
             the
             many
             Mineral
             ones
             that
             are
             known
             to
             be
             in
             that
             Country
             .
             7.
             
             Since
             we
             so
             rarely
             meet
             with
             either
             manifestly
             Acid
             ,
             or
             evidently
             Alcalisate
             ,
             Salts
             in
             our
             English
             Mineral
             Waters
             ,
             it
             may
             deserve
             a
             serious
             Inquiry
             ,
             what
             other
             Salts
             they
             may
             be
             impregnated
             with
             ;
             and
             especially
             from
             what
             Salts
             ,
             the
             Purgative
             vertue
             ,
             that
             is
             found
             to
             belong
             to
             many
             of
             them
             ,
             as
             
               Epsom
               ,
               Barnet
               ,
               Acton
               ,
               &c.
            
             do's
             proceed
             ?
             Common
             Salt
             indeed
             ,
             as
             is
             already
             noted
             ,
             I
             have
             found
             tokens
             of
             in
             the
             
               German
               Spaw
            
             Water
             ;
             and
             in
             all
             the
             English
             Mineral
             Waters
             ,
             I
             had
             occasion
             to
             try
             ,
             not
             one
             that
             I
             remember
             excepted
             .
             But
             I
             did
             not
             find
             that
             common
             Salt
             was
             so
             copious
             in
             any
             of
             them
             ,
             as
             to
             disclose
             it
             
             self
             by
             Chrystallizing
             in
             Cubical
             grains
             .
             And
             the
             way
             ,
             I
             made
             use
             of
             ,
             to
             examine
             the
             Saltness
             of
             the
             Water
             without
             Crystallization
             ,
             is
             not
             equally
             certain
             in
             all
             sorts
             of
             them
             .
             And
             because
             I
             had
             not
             store
             enough
             of
             these
             Liquors
             ,
             to
             evaporate
             them
             in
             large
             quantities
             ,
             thô
             I
             could
             not
             discern
             ,
             in
             the
             clear
             Salts
             they
             afforded
             ,
             either
             Vitriol
             ,
             or
             Salt
             Peter
             ,
             or
             Allom
             ,
             or
             even
             common
             Salt
             ,
             by
             their
             peculiar
             and
             genuine
             Figures
             ;
             yet
             I
             dare
             not
             confidently
             say
             ,
             that
             none
             of
             our
             English
             Mineral
             Springs
             abounds
             with
             any
             of
             those
             Salts
             .
             But
             as
             far
             as
             I
             can
             guess
             ,
             by
             the
             Tryals
             that
             I
             have
             hitherto
             had
             opportunity
             to
             make
             ,
             I
             am
             apt
             to
             think
             that
             the
             Salt
             ,
             that
             is
             found
             in
             our
             Purgative
             Waters
             ,
             and
             and
             in
             some
             of
             them
             copiously
             enough
             ,
             dos
             not
             belong
             to
             any
             one
             known
             sort
             of
             Salts
             ,
             but
             is
             either
             of
             a
             sort
             ,
             for
             which
             as
             for
             many
             other
             Minerals
             ,
             we
             have
             yet
             no
             name
             :
             or
             ,
             which
             seems
             more
             probable
             ,
             is
             a
             Salt
             of
             a
             compounded
             Nature
             ,
             made
             up
             by
             the
             coalitions
             of
             some
             or
             all
             of
             
             the
             Salts
             above
             mention'd
             ,
             and
             perhaps
             of
             some
             other
             ,
             as
             yet
             nameless
             ,
             Subterraneal
             Salt
             that
             the
             Spring
             inssolves
             in
             its
             passage
             ,
             That
             two
             Bodies
             ,
             which
             are
             neither
             of
             them
             Cathartic
             ,
             may
             ,
             by
             a
             change
             of
             Texture
             ,
             wrought
             in
             one
             another
             ,
             compose
             a
             third
             Body
             ,
             that
             is
             briskly
             purgative
             ,
             I
             have
             shewn
             in
             another
             Paper
             .
             Besides
             having
             formerly
             had
             occasion
             ,
             in
             order
             to
             the
             resolution
             of
             a
             certain
             doubt
             I
             had
             entertain'd
             ,
             to
             burn
             Salt
             of
             Tartar
             with
             about
             a
             double
             weight
             of
             common
             Sulphur
             ,
             I
             thence
             obtain'd
             ,
             as
             I
             expected
             ,
             a
             Neutral
             Salt
             ,
             that
             had
             peculiar
             Qualities
             differing
             from
             those
             of
             the
             Bodies
             imploy'd
             to
             make
             it
             up
             :
             And
             talking
             of
             this
             Salt
             with
             an
             ingenious
             Empyrick
             ,
             he
             told
             me
             it
             had
             a
             Quality
             I
             had
             not
             mention'd
             ,
             and
             that
             a
             very
             useful
             one
             ,
             since
             in
             the
             dose
             of
             half
             a
             dram
             ,
             or
             in
             some
             Bodies
             ,
             being
             taken
             in
             Wine
             or
             Broth
             ,
             it
             would
             considerably
             ,
             and
             yet
             gently
             and
             without
             gripings
             ,
             purge
             .
             And
             without
             the
             help
             of
             Salt
             of
             Tartar
             have
             sometimes
             
             made
             out
             of
             common
             Sulphur
             ,
             a
             Chrystalline
             Salt
             of
             a
             somewhat
             Vitriolate
             Tast
             ,
             the
             like
             to
             which
             might
             possibly
             be
             made
             under
             ground
             ,
             where
             there
             are
             Subterraneal
             fires
             ,
             tho
             perhaps
             not
             observed
             nor
             suspected
             ,
             since
             we
             made
             this
             Salt
             without
             adding
             any
             thing
             to
             the
             Sulphur
             ,
             only
             by
             the
             help
             of
             Fire
             and
             common
             Water
             .
             And
             I
             remember
             that
             a
             great
             Virtuoso
             ,
             several
             years
             ago
             ,
             brought
             me
             ,
             in
             order
             to
             an
             Examen
             he
             desir'd
             I
             should
             make
             of
             it
             ,
             a
             certain
             Salt
             afforded
             by
             a
             Spring
             in
             or
             near
             his
             land
             ,
             which
             I
             remember
             was
             in
             the
             West
             of
             England
             ,
             tho
             I
             have
             forgot
             the
             name
             of
             the
             County
             :
             Which
             Salt
             no
             Body
             knew
             what
             to
             make
             of
             ,
             but
             I
             quickly
             told
             him
             ,
             I
             took
             it
             to
             be
             of
             the
             nature
             of
             the
             
               Sal
               mirabile
               Glauberi
            
             ,
             and
             predicted
             that
             in
             such
             Tryals
             it
             would
             afford
             such
             and
             such
             Phaenomena
             ,
             which
             accordingly
             came
             to
             pass
             .
             And
             I
             thought
             that
             ,
             if
             opportunity
             had
             not
             been
             wanting
             this
             Salt
             would
             have
             appear'd
             Purgative
             ,
             as
             some
             factitious
             Salts
             that
             resemble
             it
             in
             
             transparency
             ,
             colourlesness
             ,
             and
             Figure
             have
             been
             observ'd
             to
             be
             .
          
        
         
           
             Notes
             on
             the
             Twenty
             seventh
             Title
             .
          
           
             1.
             
             'T
             is
             surprizing
             to
             observe
             ,
             how
             great
             an
             inequality
             one
             may
             sometimes
             meet
             with
             in
             the
             proportion
             that
             the
             same
             quantity
             ,
             of
             two
             ▪
             differing
             Mineral
             Waters
             ,
             bear
             to
             the
             
               Caput
               Mortuum
            
             they
             respectively
             afford
             :
             For
             a
             pound
             ,
             for
             instance
             ,
             of
             one
             may
             ,
             after
             evaporation
             ,
             leave
             behind
             it
             perhaps
             more
             drams
             of
             dry
             substance
             ,
             than
             a
             pound
             of
             the
             other
             will
             leave
             behind
             it
             grains
             .
             But
             because
             I
             have
             no
             notes
             of
             the
             considerablest
             Instances
             of
             this
             kind
             ,
             that
             came
             to
             my
             knowledge
             ,
             I
             shall
             add
             only
             by
             and
             by
             the
             Product
             of
             a
             more
             recent
             Tryal
             .
             2.
             
             As
             far
             as
             I
             have
             hitherto
             observ'd
             ,
             those
             
               Ferruginous
               Waters
            
             ,
             that
             are
             not
             heavier
             than
             common
             Water
             ,
             and
             in
             most
             Drinkers
             prove
             but
             diuretick
             ,
             afford
             but
             very
             little
             
               Caput
               Mortuum
            
             ,
             or
             dry
             Substance
             upon
             the
             total
             Evaporation
             of
             the
             Liquor
             ,
             
             whereas
             Mineral
             Waters
             ,
             that
             are
             purging
             and
             manifestly
             more
             ponderous
             
               in
               Specie
            
             than
             common
             Water
             ,
             leave
             ,
             upon
             Evaporation
             ,
             a
             considerable
             quantity
             of
             residence
             ,
             thô
             some
             far
             less
             than
             others
             .
             3.
             
             At
             once
             to
             explain
             ,
             and
             partly
             prove
             ,
             what
             I
             have
             been
             saying
             ,
             I
             shall
             here
             recite
             that
             ,
             from
             a
             pound
             of
             Barnet
             VVater
             (
             which
             is
             known
             to
             be
             purgative
             )
             slowly
             evaporated
             ,
             we
             obtain'd
             a
             Dram
             of
             VVhite
             Powder
             .
             But
             from
             the
             like
             quantity
             of
             Tunbridge
             VVater
             ,
             we
             obtain'd
             but
             about
             one
             grain
             of
             
               Caput
               Mortuum
            
             :
             And
             ,
             if
             I
             misremember
             not
             ,
             we
             had
             but
             about
             a
             grain
             and
             a
             half
             from
             25.
             
             Ounces
             of
             the
             
               German
               Spaw
            
             Water
             .
             4.
             
             It
             may
             seem
             scarce
             credible
             to
             many
             ,
             that
             so
             small
             a
             quantity
             of
             matter
             ,
             of
             which
             perhaps
             not
             one
             half
             is
             Saline
             ,
             or
             Metalline
             ,
             (
             the
             rest
             being
             teresstrial
             ,
             )
             should
             impart
             a
             manifest
             vertue
             to
             so
             great
             a
             proportion
             of
             VVater
             .
             But
             this
             difficulty
             did
             not
             much
             trouble
             me
             ,
             who
             have
             purposely
             made
             divers
             Experiments
             ,
             to
             discover
             how
             
             small
             a
             proportion
             of
             Mineral
             matter
             may
             suffice
             ,
             when
             dissolv'd
             ,
             to
             impregnate
             common
             VVater
             .
             I
             remember
             I
             took
             one
             grain
             of
             Iron
             stone
             ,
             casually
             found
             near
             the
             Springs
             at
             Islington
             ,
             (
             from
             which
             Mineral
             't
             is
             probable
             those
             VVaters
             derive
             their
             vertue
             ,
             )
             this
             being
             open'd
             by
             the
             fire
             ,
             and
             dissolv'd
             as
             far
             as
             it
             would
             be
             in
             a
             little
             Spirit
             of
             Salt
             ,
             we
             let
             fall
             a
             drop
             or
             two
             of
             the
             yellowish
             solution
             into
             a
             great
             proportion
             of
             Infusion
             of
             Galls
             ,
             to
             which
             it
             presently
             gave
             a
             deeper
             colour
             than
             Tunbridge
             Water
             ,
             or
             even
             the
             
               German
               Spaw
            
             VVater
             ,
             was
             wont
             to
             give
             here
             at
             London
             ,
             with
             the
             Powder
             of
             Galls
             :
             So
             that
             we
             guess'd
             that
             ,
             if
             we
             had
             then
             had
             at
             hand
             a
             competent
             quantity
             of
             the
             infusion
             ,
             the
             remaining
             part
             of
             the
             Martial
             Solution
             would
             have
             been
             able
             to
             colour
             ten
             times
             a
             greater
             quantity
             of
             the
             Infusion
             ,
             than
             our
             Tryal
             was
             made
             upon
             .
             This
             will
             be
             easily
             believ'd
             by
             him
             ,
             that
             shall
             consider
             an
             Experiment
             ,
             we
             afterwards
             made
             to
             the
             same
             purpose
             ,
             
             which
             was
             this
             ,
             VVe
             dissolv'd
             a
             half
             grain
             of
             a
             good
             Marcasite
             ,
             taken
             up
             not
             far
             from
             London
             ,
             in
             a
             small
             quantity
             of
             Spirit
             of
             Niter
             ,
             (
             which
             for
             a
             certain
             Reason
             I
             made
             choice
             of
             ,
             thô
             other
             Acid
             Menstruums
             ,
             as
             Aqua-fortis
             ,
             and
             Spirit
             of
             Salt
             would
             have
             dissolved
             the
             Mineral
             .
             )
             This
             small
             solution
             we
             put
             into
             a
             pound
             of
             pretty
             high
             Tincture
             of
             Galls
             ,
             made
             by
             infusing
             them
             in
             common
             Water
             ,
             and
             finding
             ,
             as
             we
             expected
             ,
             that
             this
             mixture
             ,
             grew
             very
             dark
             ,
             we
             fill'd
             a
             Vial
             with
             it
             ,
             and
             emptying
             that
             Vial
             into
             a
             larger
             Glass
             ,
             we
             fill'd
             the
             same
             Vial
             three
             times
             with
             common
             Water
             to
             dilute
             it
             ;
             notwithstanding
             which
             this
             new
             mixture
             ,
             being
             put
             into
             one
             of
             our
             usual
             Glasses
             ,
             appeared
             of
             a
             colour
             much
             deeper
             than
             that
             which
             the
             Water
             of
             Tunbridge
             ,
             or
             the
             
               German
               Spaw
            
             ,
             had
             formerly
             given
             with
             the
             Powder
             of
             Galls
             :
             So
             that
             probably
             ,
             if
             another
             Vial
             of
             common
             Water
             had
             been
             added
             ,
             it
             would
             yet
             have
             afforded
             a
             purple
             colour
             ,
             if
             not
             a
             deeper
             ;
             so
             that
             one
             part
             of
             dissolv'd
             Marcasite
             
             communicated
             a
             Tincture
             to
             (
             61440
             )
             sixty
             one
             thousand
             four
             hundred
             and
             forty
             parts
             of
             Infusion
             of
             Galls
             .
             And
             that
             which
             makes
             this
             Experiment
             more
             considerable
             is
             ,
             that
             this
             small
             quantity
             of
             Marcasite
             was
             not
             it self
             all
             Martial
             or
             Metalline
             :
             For
             from
             our
             English
             Marcasites
             ,
             as
             well
             as
             others
             ,
             I
             have
             obtain'd
             a
             pretty
             quantity
             of
             Sulphur
             like
             common
             Sulphur
             ;
             besides
             that
             they
             afford
             a
             not
             despicable
             quantity
             of
             Terrestrial
             Substance
             ,
             about
             whose
             nature
             I
             have
             not
             yet
             satisfy'd
             my self
             .
             5.
             
             I
             shall
             now
             add
             this
             reflexion
             that
             ,
             since
             the
             Marcasite
             impregnated
             so
             much
             Water
             with
             its
             corporeal
             Parts
             ,
             if
             I
             may
             so
             call
             them
             ,
             obtain'd
             by
             bare
             dissolution
             ,
             it
             seems
             highly
             probable
             ,
             that
             the
             same
             quantity
             of
             Liquor
             may
             be
             impregnated
             by
             a
             far
             less
             quantity
             of
             Mineral
             matter
             ,
             attenuated
             into
             a
             kind
             of
             Spirituous
             slate
             ,
             by
             being
             rais'd
             in
             the
             form
             of
             Fumes
             or
             exhalations
             ;
             and
             that
             imperfect
             or
             embryonated
             Iron
             may
             be
             so
             ,
             will
             scarce
             be
             deny'd
             by
             
             them
             that
             consider
             the
             way
             that
             I
             have
             ,
             in
             another
             Paper
             ,
             deliver'd
             to
             make
             Iron
             manifestly
             emit
             copious
             Fumes
             ,
             without
             the
             help
             of
             external
             Fire
             .
             And
             if
             it
             be
             with
             some
             such
             Spirituous
             and
             volatile
             Exhalations
             ,
             that
             a
             Mineral
             Water
             ,
             as
             that
             of
             Tunbridge
             or
             of
             Islington
             ,
             is
             impregnated
             ,
             't
             is
             not
             hard
             to
             conceive
             that
             they
             may
             easily
             lose
             their
             chief
             vertue
             ,
             by
             the
             avolation
             of
             most
             or
             many
             of
             their
             fugitive
             Parts
             ,
             upon
             their
             being
             remov'd
             to
             a
             distance
             from
             the
             Spring
             head
             .
             And
             to
             make
             it
             probable
             ,
             that
             vitriolate
             Corpuscles
             may
             be
             made
             to
             ascend
             ,
             without
             losing
             their
             nature
             ,
             I
             shall
             here
             mention
             an
             Experiment
             ,
             that
             I
             devis'd
             to
             give
             some
             light
             in
             this
             matter
             .
             I
             had
             often
             found
             by
             Tryal
             ,
             that
             a
             Spirit
             ,
             richly
             impregnated
             with
             volatiliz'd
             Sulphur
             ,
             would
             with
             vitriol
             ,
             whether
             in
             the
             form
             of
             a
             powder
             or
             a
             solution
             ,
             produce
             in
             a
             trice
             a
             very
             dark
             or
             blackish
             colour
             ;
             And
             guessing
             that
             ,
             in
             Mercury
             turn'd
             by
             the
             addition
             of
             Salt
             and
             Vitriol
             into
             corrosive
             sublimate
             ,
             many
             of
             the
             Vitriolate
             
             Corpuscles
             might
             ascend
             with
             the
             Mercurial
             ones
             ,
             I
             took
             such
             a
             Volatile
             Sulphureous
             Tincture
             as
             I
             have
             been
             mentioning
             ,
             (
             which
             for
             this
             purpose
             ought
             to
             be
             deep
             ,
             )
             and
             having
             dropt
             it
             upon
             good
             Sublimate
             ,
             I
             found
             it
             turn
             presently
             of
             a
             very
             opacous
             colour
             .
             To
             show
             also
             that
             ,
             to
             make
             a
             great
             dilatation
             or
             dispersion
             of
             the
             Martial
             Corpuscles
             of
             an
             Ore
             or
             Mineral
             ,
             there
             needs
             no
             Spirit
             of
             Salt
             ,
             or
             the
             like
             distill'd
             Menstruum
             ,
             I
             procur'd
             from
             a
             copperas-work
             ,
             (
             or
             place
             where
             vitriol
             is
             made
             by
             art
             ,
             )
             some
             of
             the
             Liquor
             they
             imploy
             ,
             before
             they
             cast
             in
             Iron
             ,
             that
             being
             corroded
             by
             it
             ,
             it
             may
             increase
             the
             weight
             ,
             and
             give
             solidity
             and
             some
             other
             Qualities
             to
             the
             designed
             Vitriol
             .
             Now
             thó
             this
             Liquor
             be
             made
             ,
             without
             any
             Chymical
             Menstruum
             ,
             barely
             by
             Rain
             or
             Snow-Water
             ,
             that
             impregnates
             it self
             with
             Saline
             or
             Metalline
             Particles
             in
             its
             passage
             through
             Beds
             of
             Marcasites
             ,
             that
             lye
             expos'd
             to
             the
             Sun
             and
             Air
             ;
             yet
             in
             this
             Water
             such
             numbers
             of
             Martial
             Corpuscles
             
             are
             dispers'd
             that
             ,
             having
             shaken
             four
             drops
             of
             it
             into
             12
             Ounces
             and
             a
             half
             of
             common
             Water
             ,
             this
             Liquor
             ,
             as
             I
             expected
             ,
             was
             thereby
             so
             impregnated
             ,
             that
             with
             powder
             of
             Galls
             it
             presently
             produc'd
             as
             deep
             a
             colour
             as
             good
             Tunbridge
             Water
             would
             have
             done
             .
             So
             that
             ,
             supposing
             a
             drop
             of
             this
             Liquor
             to
             weigh
             about
             a
             grain
             ,
             (
             as
             by
             some
             Tryals
             purposely
             made
             we
             found
             it
             to
             do
             ,
             )
             it
             appears
             that
             one
             part
             of
             the
             vitriolate
             Water
             was
             able
             manifestly
             to
             impregnate
             1500
             Parts
             of
             common
             water
             .
             And
             yet
             of
             these
             4
             drops
             or
             Grains
             of
             Vitriolate
             Liquor
             ,
             a
             considerable
             part
             may
             very
             probably
             be
             concluded
             ,
             from
             the
             way
             of
             its
             production
             ,
             to
             have
             been
             Rain
             Water
             ,
             as
             will
             easily
             be
             granted
             when
             I
             shall
             have
             added
             ,
             that
             ,
             to
             examine
             this
             supposition
             or
             conjecture
             ,
             we
             slowly
             evaporated
             some
             Ounces
             of
             the
             Vitriolate
             Liquor
             ,
             and
             found
             that
             the
             remaining
             dry
             Substance
             did
             not
             fully
             amount
             to
             the
             4th
             part
             of
             the
             weight
             of
             the
             whole
             .
             At
             which
             rate
             't
             was
             easy
             to
             conclude
             ,
             that
             one
             
             grain
             of
             Vitriolate
             substance
             would
             have
             been
             sound
             capable
             of
             so
             impregnating
             six
             thousand
             times
             its
             weight
             of
             common
             Water
             ,
             as
             to
             make
             it
             sit
             to
             produce
             with
             Galls
             a
             purple
             tincture
             .
             We
             afterwards
             found
             ,
             upon
             Tryal
             purposely
             and
             warily
             made
             ,
             that
             the
             experiment
             will
             hold
             ,
             thô
             the
             proportion
             of
             the
             Water
             ,
             to
             the
             grain
             of
             tinging
             substance
             ,
             should
             exceed
             that
             lately
             mention'd
             ,
             by
             the
             weight
             of
             some
             hundreds
             of
             grains
             .
          
        
         
           
             
               TITLES
               .
            
             
               For
               the
               Natural
               History
               of
               a
               Mineral
               water
               propos'd
               .
               Consider'd
               as
               a
               Medicine
               .
            
             
               
                 (
                 Being
                 the
                 III.
                 Part
                 of
                 the
                 designed
                 work
                 .
                 )
              
            
          
           
             SECT
             .
             VI.
             
          
           
             THough
             the
             effects
             of
             a
             Mineral
             Water
             upon
             Humane
             Bodies
             ,
             as
             well
             as
             upon
             other
             Subjects
             ,
             may
             
             challenge
             a
             place
             in
             the
             Natural
             History
             of
             it
             ,
             yet
             because
             the
             Titles
             of
             this
             Third
             Part
             of
             this
             Scheme
             ,
             for
             the
             most
             part
             ,
             directly
             regard
             the
             cure
             or
             prevention
             of
             diseases
             ,
             which
             are
             held
             to
             be
             the
             proper
             Offices
             of
             Physicians
             as
             such
             ;
             I
             forbore
             to
             make
             any
             comments
             upon
             the
             particular
             Titles
             of
             this
             Part
             of
             our
             Historical
             Idea
             ,
             contenting
             my self
             ,
             for
             the
             sake
             of
             those
             that
             are
             strangers
             to
             Platforms
             of
             Natural
             History
             ,
             to
             have
             set
             down
             a
             series
             of
             Titles
             ,
             which
             may
             point
             out
             to
             them
             what
             particulars
             may
             be
             fit
             for
             their
             Inquiry
             ,
             and
             furnish
             them
             with
             heads
             whereto
             they
             may
             refer
             ,
             and
             Receptacles
             wherein
             they
             may
             lodge
             what
             ,
             upon
             Tryals
             or
             otherwise
             ,
             they
             shall
             meet
             with
             worthy
             of
             observation
             .
             And
             so
             the
             accounts
             ,
             that
             shall
             be
             given
             on
             these
             Subjects
             ,
             may
             be
             somewhat
             more
             distinct
             ,
             and
             less
             incompleat
             .
          
           
             To
             what
             Temperaments
             and
             constitutions
             the
             Mineral
             Water
             propos'd
             is
             the
             most
             proper
             ,
             to
             what
             less
             proper
             ,
             
             and
             to
             what
             noxious
             or
             inconvenient
             ?
          
           
             In
             what
             stated
             Diseases
             ,
             and
             in
             what
             particular
             cases
             ,
             the
             Mineral
             Water
             is
             proper
             ,
             or
             to
             be
             suspected
             of
             being
             dangerous
             ,
             if
             not
             certainly
             hurtful
             ?
          
           
             What
             difference
             there
             is
             ,
             if
             any
             ,
             between
             the
             Water
             taken
             up
             and
             presently
             drunk
             at
             the
             Spring
             it self
             or
             other
             receptacle
             ,
             and
             that
             which
             is
             carryed
             to
             some
             distance
             off
             ,
             whether
             in
             open
             ,
             or
             in
             well
             stop'd
             Vessels
             ?
          
           
             Of
             the
             manifest
             Operations
             of
             the
             Water
             in
             those
             that
             take
             it
             ,
             whether
             it
             be
             by
             vomit
             ,
             by
             seige
             ,
             by
             Urine
             ,
             by
             several
             ,
             or
             by
             two
             ,
             or
             all
             of
             these
             waves
             .
          
           
             Whether
             any
             ,
             occult
             vertues
             ,
             or
             other
             hidden
             Qualities
             ,
             can
             be
             discovered
             in
             the
             Mineral
             Water
             ?
             And
             if
             any
             ,
             what
             ?
          
           
             What
             variation
             ,
             in
             the
             effects
             of
             the
             Mineral
             Water
             ,
             proceeds
             from
             its
             being
             drunk
             all
             of
             it
             quite
             cold
             ,
             or
             hot
             ,
             or
             lukewarm
             ,
             or
             one
             part
             when
             't
             is
             in
             
             one
             of
             those
             tempers
             ,
             and
             the
             rest
             when
             in
             another
             ?
          
           
             Of
             promoting
             or
             facilitating
             the
             operation
             of
             the
             Water
             ,
             in
             some
             by
             taking
             it
             in
             Bed
             ,
             and
             in
             others
             by
             Moderate
             exercise
             .
          
           
             What
             assistance
             may
             be
             given
             to
             the
             operation
             of
             the
             Water
             ,
             by
             giving
             with
             it
             ,
             especially
             in
             the
             first
             draught
             ,
             something
             to
             make
             it
             pass
             the
             better
             ,
             or
             to
             correct
             its
             Crudity
             ,
             or
             to
             strengthen
             the
             stomach
             and
             Bowels
             ?
          
           
             What
             advantages
             may
             accrue
             ,
             from
             preparing
             the
             Patients
             Body
             before
             he
             enters
             upon
             his
             course
             of
             drinking
             the
             Waters
             ?
             And
             what
             inconveniences
             may
             attend
             the
             neglect
             of
             such
             preparation
             especially
             in
             gross
             ,
             foul
             ,
             or
             much
             obstructed
             Bodies
             ?
          
           
             Of
             the
             assistance
             the
             Water
             may
             receive
             by
             gently
             purging
             Medicines
             ,
             discreetly
             given
             from
             time
             to
             time
             .
          
           
             Of
             the
             best
             Dose
             ,
             or
             quantity
             of
             the
             Water
             ,
             to
             be
             taken
             at
             once
             ;
             of
             the
             compass
             
             of
             time
             wherein
             it
             should
             be
             all
             drunk
             ;
             and
             of
             the
             gradual
             increasing
             and
             lessening
             the
             Dose
             at
             the
             beginning
             ,
             and
             sometimes
             before
             the
             end
             ,
             of
             the
             whole
             space
             of
             time
             appointed
             for
             the
             taking
             it
             .
          
           
             How
             much
             the
             greater
             or
             lesser
             length
             of
             time
             ,
             spent
             in
             taking
             the
             Water
             ,
             conduces
             to
             its
             good
             Effects
             ?
             and
             what
             is
             the
             fittest
             measure
             of
             time
             to
             continue
             the
             drinking
             of
             it
             ,
             respect
             being
             had
             to
             the
             Patients
             strength
             ,
             Disease
             ,
             the
             time
             of
             the
             year
             ,
             the
             accidental
             temperature
             of
             the
             Air
             ,
             and
             other
             considerable
             circumstances
             .
          
           
             Whether
             the
             drinking
             of
             the
             Mineral
             Water
             ,
             for
             several
             years
             together
             ,
             be
             found
             almost
             necessary
             ,
             or
             more
             beneficial
             than
             to
             intermit
             it
             sometimes
             for
             a
             year
             or
             two
             ,
             or
             perhaps
             longer
             ,
             and
             then
             to
             return
             to
             the
             use
             of
             it
             ?
          
           
             Of
             the
             Diet
             ,
             as
             to
             meat
             ,
             drink
             ,
             exercise
             ,
             sleep
             ,
             &c.
             
             That
             ought
             to
             be
             observ'd
             by
             those
             that
             take
             the
             Water
             ,
             and
             of
             the
             inconveniences
             that
             
             are
             wont
             to
             follow
             the
             neglect
             of
             it
             .
          
           
             Of
             the
             signes
             that
             declare
             the
             Water
             to
             work
             kindly
             and
             effectually
             ,
             and
             of
             the
             Tokens
             of
             not
             doing
             so
             ,
             and
             those
             of
             its
             being
             already
             hurtful
             or
             likely
             to
             prove
             so
             .
          
           
             Of
             the
             Inconveniences
             or
             unwelcome
             accidents
             (
             if
             there
             be
             any
             ,
             as
             usually
             there
             is
             )
             that
             have
             been
             observ'd
             to
             happen
             ,
             during
             ,
             or
             some
             time
             after
             ,
             the
             drinking
             of
             the
             Mineral
             Water
             ,
             especially
             to
             Persons
             of
             such
             constitutions
             ,
             or
             that
             are
             in
             such
             and
             such
             circumstances
             ,
             and
             of
             the
             waies
             to
             prevent
             or
             remedy
             such
             inconveniences
             .
          
           
             Whether
             there
             be
             any
             necessity
             ,
             or
             great
             use
             ,
             of
             taking
             Physick
             after
             one
             has
             done
             drinking
             the
             Water
             ?
             And
             if
             there
             be
             ,
             what
             are
             the
             fittest
             times
             and
             medicines
             to
             be
             imploy'd
             for
             the
             prevention
             of
             any
             bad
             effects
             of
             it
             ,
             and
             what
             is
             the
             danger
             of
             neglect
             to
             make
             use
             of
             them
             ?
          
           
             VVhether
             and
             how
             the
             Mineral
             VVater
             may
             be
             usefully
             given
             by
             
             being
             simply
             commix'd
             with
             other
             Liquors
             or
             Bodies
             ,
             as
             by
             boiling
             meat
             in
             it
             ;
             or
             by
             receiving
             ,
             together
             with
             the
             Additament
             ,
             a
             further
             preparation
             ,
             as
             when
             the
             VVater
             is
             mingled
             with
             VVine
             ,
             or
             some
             other
             Drink
             ;
             when
             with
             Milk
             't
             is
             made
             into
             Posset
             drink
             ;
             when
             brewed
             with
             Mault
             alone
             ,
             or
             with
             that
             and
             hopps
             ,
             't
             is
             turn'd
             into
             Ale
             or
             Beer
             ?
          
           
             VVhether
             any
             such
             saline
             ,
             or
             other
             ,
             substance
             may
             by
             evaporation
             Inspissation
             ,
             Calcination
             ,
             &c.
             be
             extracted
             ,
             or
             obtained
             ,
             from
             the
             Mineral
             VVater
             ,
             as
             being
             given
             in
             a
             small
             Dose
             ,
             may
             be
             substituted
             ,
             as
             a
             Succedaneum
             to
             large
             quantities
             of
             the
             Water
             as
             nature
             affords
             it
             ?
          
           
             Of
             what
             uses
             (
             if
             of
             any
             )
             the
             Mineral
             VVater
             is
             ,
             when
             outwardly
             apply'd
             ,
             as
             by
             washing
             sore
             Eyes
             or
             Ulcers
             ,
             bathing
             in
             it
             ,
             &c.
             
             And
             whether
             the
             mud
             ,
             or
             Sediment
             it
             leaves
             ,
             where
             it
             passes
             or
             stagnates
             ,
             being
             externally
             apply'd
             ,
             have
             the
             same
             or
             other
             Medicinal
             vertues
             ,
             and
             ,
             if
             so
             ,
             how
             the
             mud
             is
             to
             be
             administred
             
             to
             make
             it
             exert
             them
             .
          
           
             Of
             some
             Mechanico-Medical
             Trials
             ,
             that
             may
             be
             made
             upon
             Animals
             ,
             to
             help
             us
             to
             guess
             at
             the
             Qualities
             of
             the
             Mineral
             VVaters
             ,
             as
             by
             injecting
             it
             into
             the
             veins
             of
             a
             Dog
             ,
             to
             try
             whether
             it
             will
             coagulate
             his
             Blood
             ,
             or
             make
             it
             more
             fluid
             ,
             or
             operate
             powerfully
             by
             Vomit
             ,
             Siege
             ,
             or
             Urine
             :
             as
             also
             by
             keeping
             a
             Dog
             very
             long
             without
             allowing
             him
             any
             other
             Drink
             at
             all
             than
             the
             Mineral
             VVater
             .
          
           
             But
             I
             propose
             such
             Particulars
             ,
             as
             are
             mention'd
             in
             this
             Article
             ,
             but
             as
             Analogous
             Experiments
             ,
             or
             Succedaneums
             to
             Tryals
             that
             should
             ,
             but
             cannot
             well
             ,
             because
             of
             the
             worthiness
             of
             the
             Subject
             ,
             be
             try'd
             in
             living
             Humane
             Bodies
             .
             And
             indeed
             all
             the
             Titles
             of
             this
             third
             part
             of
             our
             design'd
             History
             ,
             belong
             porperly
             to
             Physicians
             ;
             many
             of
             whom
             (
             at
             least
             if
             they
             resemble
             you
             )
             are
             far
             better
             qualifi'd
             ,
             to
             cultivate
             this
             Medicinal
             Subject
             ,
             than
             I
             ,
             who
             being
             as
             little
             desirous
             ,
             as
             fit
             ,
             to
             
             incroach
             upon
             their
             Province
             ,
             shall
             not
             inlarge
             upon
             this
             third
             member
             of
             our
             History
             ,
             but
             willingly
             resign
             it
             into
             their
             ,
             and
             especially
             into
             
               your
               own
            
             ,
             more
             skilful
             hands
             .
          
        
         
           
             The
             Conclusion
             .
          
           
             ANd
             now
             ,
             Sir
             ,
             it
             may
             be
             seasonable
             to
             put
             an
             end
             ,
             at
             least
             for
             the
             present
             ,
             so
             this
             Rhapsody
             of
             Papers
             ,
             by
             telling
             you
             ,
             That
             theforegoing
             Idea
             or
             Platform
             of
             a
             History
             of
             Mineral
             VVaters
             ,
             being
             a
             draught
             of
             ,
             or
             a
             First
             essay
             upon
             ,
             so
             difficult
             and
             and
             uncultivated
             a
             Subject
             ,
             as
             I
             have
             ventur'd
             to
             treat
             of
             ;
             as
             I
             know
             you
             are
             too
             Iudicious
             to
             expect
             any
             thing
             of
             exactness
             and
             compleatness
             ,
             in
             what
             I
             now
             present
             you
             ,
             so
             I
             hope
             you
             will
             be
             so
             equitable
             ,
             or
             so
             favourable
             ,
             a
             Reader
             ,
             as
             to
             forgive
             those
             omissions
             and
             other
             imperfections
             ,
             that
             I
             cannot
             doubt
             ,
             but
             you
             ,
             (
             and
             even
             I
             my self
             upon
             a
             review
             ,
             )
             shall
             discover
             in
             the
             
               first
               edition
            
             of
             the
             foregoing
             Papers
             .
             And
             thô
             ,
             if
             hereafter
             they
             
             shall
             be
             thought
             worthy
             of
             a
             Second
             ,
             I
             may
             possibly
             be
             able
             ,
             if
             God
             be
             pleas'd
             to
             grant
             me
             health
             and
             Leisure
             ,
             to
             rectify
             some
             oversights
             ,
             and
             supply
             some
             omissions
             ;
             yet
             ,
             to
             deal
             freely
             with
             you
             ,
             I
             much
             fear
             ,
             that
             it
             will
             be
             very
             difficult
             for
             far
             skilfuller
             Pensthan
             mine
             to
             deliver
             such
             Histories
             of
             Mineral
             VVaters
             ,
             as
             the
             curious
             would
             wish
             ,
             and
             those
             Criticks
             ,
             that
             have
             never
             made
             Tryal
             of
             the
             difficulty
             of
             attempts
             of
             this
             nature
             ,
             will
             be
             forward
             to
             require
             .
             And
             this
             difficulty
             will
             ,
             I
             presume
             ,
             be
             found
             a
             great
             one
             ,
             not
             only
             ,
             (
             as
             I
             have
             already
             noted
             ,
             )
             by
             him
             that
             shall
             undertake
             to
             give
             a
             good
             account
             of
             Mineral
             VVaters
             
               á
               priori
            
             ,
             but
             to
             him
             also
             that
             shall
             take
             in
             all
             the
             help
             he
             can
             obtain
             
               à
               posteriori
            
             .
             For
             there
             are
             so
             many
             circumstances
             ,
             of
             seasons
             ,
             VVeather
             ,
             place
             ,
             and
             a
             multitude
             of
             contingencies
             ,
             that
             may
             vary
             the
             Phaenomena
             and
             effects
             of
             Mineral
             VVaters
             ,
             that
             't
             is
             extreamly
             difficult
             ,
             either
             to
             comprize
             so
             many
             different
             things
             at
             once
             ,
             and
             as
             it
             were
             survey
             them
             at
             one
             view
             ,
             or
             
             without
             having
             such
             a
             comprehension
             and
             multitude
             of
             various
             regards
             ,
             to
             be
             able
             to
             pronounce
             with
             certainty
             about
             the
             nature
             ,
             the
             Medicinal
             Operations
             ,
             and
             the
             other
             effects
             ,
             of
             a
             Subject
             that
             may
             be
             influenc'd
             and
             diversify'd
             by
             so
             many
             causes
             and
             accidents
             ,
             as
             a
             Mineral
             VVater
             may
             .
             And
             therefore
             ,
             till
             further
             disquisitions
             and
             Tryals
             shall
             have
             better
             clear'd
             up
             the
             Subject
             ,
             I
             shall
             ,
             without
             pretending
             to
             more
             ,
             think
             the
             past
             discourse
             not
             altogether
             useless
             ,
             if
             it
             can
             well
             perform
             the
             office
             of
             the
             
               virgula
               divinatoria
            
             ;
             which
             ,
             (
             supposing
             the
             truth
             of
             what
             many
             Chymists
             and
             Metallists
             deliver
             ,
             )
             of
             how
             little
             value
             soever
             it
             be
             of
             it self
             ,
             is
             fit
             to
             point
             at
             Mineral
             treasures
             ,
             and
             show
             men
             the
             places
             where
             they
             are
             to
             seek
             for
             them
             .
             Farewel
             .
          
        
         
           
           
             This
             belongeth
             to
             the
             16th
             Title
             of
             the
             first
             Part.
             
          
           
             'T
             Is
             known
             ,
             that
             the
             drinking
             of
             Ferruginous
             Waters
             ,
             such
             as
             those
             of
             the
             German-Spaw
             and
             our
             Tunbridge
             ,
             is
             usually
             prescrib'd
             for
             many
             Weeks
             ,
             during
             which
             time
             it
             often
             enough
             happens
             ,
             that
             the
             Fall
             of
             Rains
             makes
             men
             doubt
             whether
             the
             Mineral
             Water
             be
             not
             so
             much
             diluted
             ,
             as
             to
             be
             spoil'd
             in
             its
             Medicinal
             Capacity
             .
             And
             indeed
             I
             have
             more
             than
             once
             observ'd
             ,
             that
             some
             such
             Martial
             Waters
             ,
             after
             considerable
             Rains
             lost
             their
             Power
             of
             producing
             the
             wonted
             Colour
             with
             Galls
             .
             And
             therefore
             it
             may
             in
             some
             cases
             be
             of
             good
             use
             ,
             to
             be
             assisted
             to
             Conjecture
             ,
             whether
             or
             no
             the
             Rain
             have
             made
             the
             Mineral
             Water
             unfit
             for
             Drinking
             .
             In
             order
             to
             this
             I
             shall
             take
             notice
             ,
             that
             usually
             a
             small
             Rain
             does
             little
             or
             no
             harm
             to
             the
             Medicinal
             Spring
             .
             And
             sometimes
             even
             a
             moderate
             Rain
             ,
             especially
             after
             a
             long
             Drought
             ,
             may
             ,
             instead
             of
             weakning
             it
             ,
             increase
             its
             vertue
             ,
             by
             washing
             down
             into
             its
             Channel
             some
             Salts
             ,
             that
             during
             the
             dry
             weather
             ,
             were
             concreted
             in
             the
             Pores
             of
             the
             Ground
             ,
             and
             perhaps
             also
             by
             heightning
             the
             Water
             in
             the
             Channel
             ,
             so
             as
             to
             dissolve
             
             some
             Salts
             concreted
             there
             ,
             which
             it
             could
             not
             reach
             before
             .
             But
             if
             the
             Rain
             have
             long
             continu'd
             ,
             the
             Estimate
             may
             best
             be
             made
             ,
             partly
             by
             the
             greater
             or
             lesser
             depth
             of
             the
             Spring
             beneath
             the
             surface
             of
             the
             Ground
             ,
             and
             partly
             and
             indeed
             chiefly
             ,
             by
             the
             peculiar
             nature
             or
             strength
             of
             the
             Mineral
             Water
             .
             For
             some
             Springs
             are
             much
             more
             copiously
             impregnated
             than
             others
             ,
             and
             therefore
             will
             bear
             a
             greater
             dilution
             by
             Rain-Water
             ,
             of
             which
             I
             shall
             give
             you
             this
             notable
             Instance
             .
             That
             ,
             whereas
             I
             found
             (
             as
             I
             lately
             noted
             )
             that
             more
             than
             one
             of
             our
             English
             Martial
             Springs
             ,
             especially
             those
             near
             London
             ,
             were
             too
             much
             weakned
             by
             the
             Water
             that
             Rained
             into
             them
             ;
             I
             had
             the
             Curiosity
             to
             try
             ,
             how
             much
             of
             that
             kind
             of
             Liquor
             ,
             some
             German-Spaw-Water
             ,
             that
             came
             to
             me
             to
             London
             very
             well
             conditioned
             ,
             would
             bear
             .
             In
             pursuit
             of
             which
             design
             I
             warily
             made
             some
             Tryals
             ,
             which
             showed
             ,
             (
             what
             probably
             will
             be
             thought
             strange
             ,
             that
             when
             the
             Mineral
             Water
             was
             diluted
             with
             no
             less
             than
             thrice
             its
             Weight
             of
             Rain-Water
             ,
             it
             yet
             retained
             strength
             enough
             to
             produce
             with
             newly
             powdered
             Galls
             ,
             a
             Purplish
             colour
             .
          
        
         
           FINIS
           .
        
      
    
     
       
         
         
           A
           Catalogue
           of
           late
           Physick
           Books
           sold
           by
           
             Samuel
             Smith
          
           ,
           at
           the
           
             Prince's
             Arms
          
           in
           St.
           
             Pauls
             Churchyard
          
           .
        
         
           
             Fol.
             
          
           
             BOueti
             Anatomia
             ,
             2.
             
             Vol.
             1680.
             
          
           
             —
             Mercurius
             ,
             1682.
             
          
           
             —
             Medicina
             Septentrionalis
             ,
             1684.
             
          
           
             Breinii
             Plantarum
             Exoticar
             .
             Cent.
             cum
             Figuris
             ,
             1680.
             
          
           
             Fabritii
             Hildani
             opera
             cum
             Severino
             ,
             1682.
             
          
           
             Hippocratis
             Opera
             Foetii
             .
          
           
             Hartmanni
             Opera
             omnia
             ,
             1684.
             
          
           
             Paracelsi
             Opera
             ,
             2
             vol.
             
          
           
             Dioscoridis
             Opera
             ,
             
               G.
               Lat.
            
             
          
           
             Saxoniae
             Opera
             Med.
             1680.
             
          
           
             Piso
             Hist
             ,
             naturalis
             de
             rebus
             Indiae
             .
          
           
             Schenkii
             Observat
             .
             Med.
             
          
           
             Mentzelii
             Index
             Plant.
             cum
             Figuris
             ,
             1683.
             
          
           
             Lepenii
             Bibliotheca
             Med.
             1683.
             
          
           
             Riverii
             Opera
             ,
             1679.
             
          
           
             Zwelferii
             Pharmacopeia
             .
          
        
         
           
             Quartoes
             .
          
           
             Alpinus
             Medicina
             Aegypt
             .
          
           
             Borrichius
             de
             ortu
             &
             progressu
             Chimiae
             .
          
           
             —
             Hermetis
             Aegyptiorum
             &
             Chym.
             Sapientia
             .
          
           
             Bauhini
             Pinax
             cum
             Prodromo
             .
          
           
             Broeckhuysen
             Oeconomia
             Corporis
             Anim.
             1683.
             
          
           
             Boyle
             Opera
             omina
             ,
             2
             vol.
             
          
           
             Blasii
             Anatomia
             ,
             1681.
             
          
           
             Borellus
             de
             motu
             Animalium
             ,
             2
             vol.
             
          
           
             
             Blegny
             Zodiacus
             Galen
             .
             Med.
             Chymic
             .
             1682
             ▪
          
           
             Bartholini
             Acta
             Medica
             .
             4
             vol.
             
          
           
             Castelli
             Lexicon
             Med.
             1682.
             
          
           
             Cardilucii
             Officina
             Sanitatis
             .
          
           
             Clauderi
             Methodus
             Balsamandi
             .
          
           
             Collect
             anea
             Chymica
             Leydensia
             ,
             1684.
             
          
           
             Clauderi
             Inventum
             cinnabaricum
             ,
             1684.
             
          
           
             Cleyer
             Specimina
             Medicinae
             Sinicae
             ,
             1682.
             
          
           
             Charas
             Pharmacopeia
             Regia
             ,
             1683.
             
          
           
             Charas
             Theri
             ca
             Andromachi
             ,
             1684.
             
          
           
             Diemerbroeck
             Anatomia
             .
          
           
             Davissomi
             Comment
             ▪
             in
             Medicinam
             Severini
             .
          
           
             Dolaei
             Encyclopedia
             Med.
             1684.
             
          
           
             Fernelii
             Opera
             ,
             1683.
             
          
           
             Van
             Helmontii
             Opera
             ,
             1682.
             
          
           
             Glisson
             de
             Naturae
             Substantia
             .
          
           
             Hoffmanni
             Praxis
             Med.
             1680.
             
          
           
             Helwigii
             Observationes
             Med.
             1680.
             
          
           
             Hoffmannus
             in
             Schroderum
             .
          
           
             Joel
             Opera
             medica
             .
          
           
             Kyperi
             Anthropologia
             corporis
             humani
             ▪
          
           
             Konig
             Regnum
             Animale
             ,
             1682.
             
          
           
             Kirckringii
             Specilegium
             Anatom
             .
          
           
             Licetus
             de
             Monstris
             .
          
           
             Museum
             Hermetic
             .
          
           
             Miscellanea
             Curiosa
             M.
             Physica
             ,
             7
             vol.
             1682.
             
          
           
             —
             Id.
             Decuria
             secunda
             Anni
             Primi
             ,
             1683.
             
          
           
             Margravi
             Materia
             Medica
             .
          
           
             —
             Prodromus
             .
          
           
             Pauli
             Quadriparti
             tum
             Botanicum
             .
          
           
             Plateri
             praxis
             .
          
           
             Pechilinus
             de
             potu
             Theae
             ,
             1684.
             
          
           
             
             Regii
             Medicina
             .
          
           
             Rolfinchius
             de
             purgantibus
             ,
             1683
             ▪
          
           
             —
             Ordo
             &
             Methodus
             Med.
             Specialis
             .
          
           
             —
             Conoilia
             Med.
             
          
           
             Sacra
             Eleusinia
             patefacta
             ,
             1684.
             
          
           
             Schonckii
             Histde
             humor
             ,
             totius
             corporis
             ,
             1684
             ▪
          
           
             Salamandrae
             Descriptio
             ,
             1683.
             
          
           
             Sylvii
             Opera
             Med.
             
          
           
             Schorkii
             Pharmacopeia
             .
          
           
             —
             Hisi
             .
             Moschi
             .
          
           
             Ang.
             Salae
             Opera
             Med.
             1682.
             
          
           
             Swammerdam
             miraculum
             Natura
             .
          
           
             Vigerii
             Opera
             med
             .
          
           
             Versaschae
             de
             Apoplexia
             .
          
           
             Waltheri
             Sylva
             medica
             ▪
          
           
             Welschii
             Decades
             X.
             med
             .
          
           
             Wedelii
             Opiologia
             .
          
           
             —
             Physiologia
             Med.
             
          
           
             —
             Pharmacia
             .
          
           
             —
             de
             medicam
             .
             facultatiam
             ▪
          
           
             —
             de
             medicam
             .
             compositione
             .
          
           
             —
             Amaenitates
             Materiae
             Med.
             1684.
             
          
           
             Weidenfeld
             de
             usu
             Spir.
             Vini
             Lulliani
             ,
             1684
             ▪
          
           
             Wepfericicut●
             Aquatica
             .
          
           
             Zwelferi
             Pharmacop
             .
          
        
         
           
             Octavoc●
             .
          
           
             Bartholini
             de
             ductu
             Salivali
             ,
             1685.
             
          
           
             Bruelis
             praxis
             Med.
             
          
           
             Bontekoe
             de
             Febribus
             ,
             1683.
             
          
           
             Tho.
             Bartholini
             Hist
             .
             Anatomica
             .
          
           
             Becke
             de
             Procidentia
             Uteri
             ,
             1683.
             
          
           
             Borelli
             Observat
             .
             Med.
             
          
           
             
             Briggs
             de
             Oculo
             .
          
           
             Barthol
             .
             Anatomia
             .
          
           
             Beck
             .
             Experimenta
             ,
             1684.
             
          
           
             Beckeri
             Physica
             subterr
             anea
             cum
             supplemento
             ,
             1681.
             
          
           
             Brunneri
             Experimenta
             nova
             circa
             Pancreas
             ,
             1682.
             
          
           
             Camerarii
             Sylloges
             memorabilium
             M
             〈…〉
             2
             vol.
             1683.
             
          
           
             Deckeri
             Exercitationis
             Med
             pract
             .
          
           
             Dodonai
             Praxis
             Medica
             .
          
           
             Franchimont
             Lithotomia
             Med.
             1683.
             
          
           
             Funerwalfi
             Anatomia
             .
          
           
             Gockelii
             Concilia
             &
             observat
             .
             Med.
             1683.
             
          
           
             De
             Graaf
             Opera
             .
          
           
             Grulichius
             de
             Hydrope
             ,
             1681.
             
          
           
             —
             De
             Bile
             ,
             1682.
             
          
           
             Grimm
             Compend
             .
             Med.
             Chym.
             1684.
             
          
           
             Guiberti
             Opera
             Med.
             
          
           
             Hartmanni
             Praxis
             Chymiatrica
             ,
             1682.
             
          
           
             Heide
             Anatome
             inytuli
             &
             observat
             .
             Med.
             1684.
             
          
           
             Hippocratis
             Opera
             ,
             2
             vol.
             
          
           
             Juncken
             Chymia
             Experimentalis
             ,
             1681.
             
          
           
             —
             Medicus
             prasenti
             Seculo
             Accom
             .
             1682.
             
          
           
             Juventa
             a
             nova
             Antiqua
             Med.
             1684.
             
          
           
             Le
             Mort
             Pharmacia
             &
             Chimia
             ,
             1684.
             
          
           
             Lossii
             Concil
             .
             Med.
             1684.
             
          
           
             Lister
             de
             Fontibus
             Med.
             Angliae
             .
          
           
             —
             De
             Insectis
             ,
             1685.
             
          
           
             Liseri
             Culter
             Anatomicus
             :
          
           
             Marchetti
             Anatomi
             :
          
           
             
             Meekren
             Observat
             .
             Med.
             Chyruri
             1682
             :
          
           
             Mereti
             Pinax
             :
          
           
             Plateri
             Observat
             .
             Med.
             
          
           
             Peonis
             &
             Pythagor
             .
             Exercit.
             Anat.
             &
             Med.
             1682
             :
          
           
             Plot
             de
             Origine
             Fontium
             ,
             1685
             :
          
           
             Riverii
             Institutiones
             :
          
           
             —
             Praxis
             ,
             2
             vol.
             
          
           
             —
             Observat
             .
          
           
             Rulandi
             Curationes
             Emperica
             ,
             1680.
             
          
           
             Sydenhami
             Opera
             Universa
             Londini
             ,
             1685.
             
          
           
             Straussii
             Isagoge
             Physica
             ,
             1684.
             
          
           
             Schroderi
             Pharmacopeia
             :
          
           
             Sculteti
             Chyrurgia
             cum
             Append.
             
          
           
             Sthal
             Aetioiogia
             Phys
             .
             Chym.
             1683.
             
          
           
             Tilingii
             Lilium
             Curiosum
             ,
             1683
             :
          
           
             Tilingii
             Prodromus
             ,
             med
             .
          
           
             —
             De
             Laudano
             opiato
             .
          
           
             Versaschae
             Observat
             .
             med
             .
          
           
             Welsch
             rationale
             Vulnerum
             Lethalium
             ,
             1685.
             
          
           
             Wepferi
             de
             Apoplexia
             :
          
           
             Witten
             memoria
             medicor
             .
          
           
             Zypaei
             Fundamentu
             med
             .
             1683
             :
          
        
         
           
             Twelves
             .
          
           
             Bayle
             Tract
             .
             de
             Apoplexia
             .
          
           
             —
             Dissertationes
             Physicae
             .
          
           
             —
             Dissertationes
             Medicae
             .
          
           
             —
             Problemata
             Physica
             Med.
             
          
           
             Blondel
             Thermarum
             Aquis
             granen
             .
             &
             porcet
             ,
             descript
             .
             1685.
             
          
           
             Barbetti
             Chyrurgia
             :
          
           
             —
             Praxis
             cum
             notis
             Deckerii
             :
          
           
             
             Barthol
             .
             De
             Ovariis
          
           
             —
             De
             Unicornu
             :
          
           
             —
             De
             Pulmonum
             subst
             〈…〉
             :
          
           
             Beughen
             Bibliographia
             Med.
             &
             Physica
             ,
             1682
             :
          
           
             Beguini
             Tyrocinium
             Chymicum
             :
          
           
             Comelini
             Catalogus
             Plantarum
             ,
             1682
             :
          
           
             Drelincourt
             Praeludium
             Anat.
             
          
           
             —
             Experimenta
             Anat.
             1684.
             
          
           
             Guiuri
             Arcanum
             Acidular
             .
             1682
             :
          
           
             Glissoni
             Opuscula
             ,
             3
             vol.
             
          
           
             Van
             Helmont
             .
             Fundamenta
             Med.
             1682
             :
          
           
             Hoffmanus
             de
             usu
             Li●nis
             ,
             &c.
             
             1682
             :
          
           
             Harvey
             de
             Gener.
             Animal
             .
          
           
             —
             De
             motu
             cordis
             :
          
           
             Hoffman
             de
             Cinnabari
             Antimonii
             ,
             1685.
             
          
           
             Ab
             Heer
             Fons
             Spadanus
             &
             Observ
             .
             Med.
             1685.
             
          
           
             Kirchim
             de
             Peste
             ,
             1681.
             
          
           
             Kirckring
             ▪
             in
             Basil
             Valent.
             currum
             Triumph
             .
          
           
             Kunckelii
             Observat
             .
             Chymiae
             ,
             1681
             :
          
           
             Le
             Mort
             Compendium
             Chymicum
             ,
             1682.
             
          
           
             Muralti
             Vade
             mecum
             Anat.
             1682.
             
          
           
             Mysteria
             Physico-Medica
             ,
             1681.
             
          
           
             Maurocordatus
             de
             motu
             Pulmonum
             ,
             1682.
             
          
           
             Macasii
             Promptuarium
             Materiae
             Med.
             
          
           
             Matthaei
             Experimenta
             Chymica
             ,
             1683.
             
          
           
             Muis
             Praxis
             Chyrurgica
             duabus
             partibus
             ,
             1684.
             
          
           
             Morelli
             Methodus
             perscribendi
             formulas
             Remedior
             .
          
           
             Primerose
             ars
             Pharmac
             .
          
           
             
             Pecket
             Anatomia
             :
          
           
             Redus
             de
             Insectiss
          
           
             Reidlini
             Observ
             .
             med
             .
          
           
             Rivinus
             de
             peste
             lips●ensi
             .
             1680
             :
          
           
             Riverii
             Arcana
             .
          
           
             St.
             Romani
             Physica
             ,
             1684.
             
          
           
             Recueil
             de
             Curiositez
             en
             Medicine
             ,
             1685.
             
          
           
             Smitzii
             Compend
             .
             med
             .
             1682
             :
          
           
             Stockhameri
             Microcosmographia
             ,
          
           
             Swalve
             Quarelae
             Ventriculi
             :
          
           
             —
             Alcali
             &
             acidum
             :
          
           
             Tilingius
             de
             Renum
             structura
             .
          
           
             Verla
             Anat
             Oculi
             :
          
           
             Vigani
             Medulla
             Chymiae
             :
          
           
             Du
             Verney
             traite
             de
             L'organe
             de
             L'ouie
             ,
             1683
          
           
             Spon
             Observations
             Sur
             les
             Fieures
             ,
             1684.
             
          
           
             Wedelii
             Theoremata
             Med.
             
          
           
             —
             De
             Sale
             Volat.
             Plantarum
             .
          
        
      
       
         
         
           Advertisement
           .
        
         
           THat
           these
           afore
           mentioned
           Books
           in
           Physick
           and
           Chymistry
           ,
           with
           many
           other
           Forreign
           Books
           ,
           are
           sold
           by
           
             Samuel
             Smith
          
           ,
           at
           the
           
             Prince's
             Arms
          
           in
           St.
           
             Pauls
             Church-yard
          
           ;
           and
           that
           he
           will
           furnish
           himself
           with
           much
           variety
           of
           new
           Books
           in
           that
           kind
           ,
           from
           time
           to
           time
           ,
           as
           they
           shall
           come
           from
           Franckfort
           Mart
           ;
           and
           likewise
           he
           can
           procure
           such
           other
           Books
           for
           Gentlemen
           ,
           whichperhaps
           are
           not
           to
           be
           met
           with
           here
           ,
           from
           his
           Correspondents
           ,
           if
           to
           be
           had
           ,
           beyond
           Sea.
           
        
         
           Books
           Printed
           for
           ,
           and
           sold
           by
           
             Samuel
             Smith
          
           .
        
         
           THe
           Philosophical
           Transactions
           published
           by
           the
           Royal
           Society
           Monthly
           ,
           beginning
           January
           1683
           :
        
         
           
             Jo.
             Goedartius
             de
             Insectis
             in
             methodum
             redactus
             cum
             Notalurum
             Additione
             Opera
             M.
             Lister
             ,
             item
             Appendicis
             ad
             Hist
             .
             Animalium
             Angliae
             ,
             cum
             21
             Figuris
             Aeneis
             illustrata
             ,
          
           1685.
           
        
         
           Enquiry
           after
           Happiness
           by
           the
           Author
           of
           
             Practical
             Christianity
          
           ,
           1685.
           
        
         
           R.
           Boyl's
           Memoirs
           for
           the
           Nat.
           History
           of
           Human
           Blood
           ,
           especially
           the
           Spirit
           of
           that
           Liquor
           ,
           1684.
           
           Price
           2
           s.
           
        
         
           —
           Experiments
           and
           Considerations
           about
           
           the
           Porosity
           of
           Bodies
           ,
           in
           two
           Essays
           ,
           1684.
           
           Price
           1
           
             s.
             —
             6
             d.
          
           
        
         
           —
           Of
           the
           Reconcileableness
           of
           Specifick
           Medicines
           to
           the
           Corpuscular
           Philosophy
           ,
           is
           now
           in
           the
           Press
           .
        
         
           
             Tuta
             an
             Efficax
             Luis
             Venerea
             ,
             ●sepe
             absque
             mercurio
             ac
             semper
             absque
             Salivatione
             mercuriali
             curandae
             Methodus
             Authore
          
           D.
           A.
           M.
           D.
           1614.
           
        
         
           
             De
             variatione
             ,
             ac
             varietate
             ppulsus
             observationes
             ,
             accessit
             ejusdem
             Author
             is
             nova
             Medicine
             tum
             Speculativae
             ,
             tum
             practicae
             claevis
             .
             Sive
             Ars
             Explorandi
             medicas
             plantarum
             ac
             corporum
             quorumcumque
             facultates
             ex
             Solo
             Sapore
          
           16q85
           .
        
         
           
             The
             whole
             Art
             of
             the
             Stage
             ,
             &c.
             
          
           Translated
           out
           of
           French
           :
           In
           
             Quarto
             ,
             1684
             price
             5.
             s.
             
          
        
         
           A
           new
           History
           of
           Ethiopia
           ,
           being
           a
           full
           and
           Accurate
           Description
           of
           the
           Kingdom
           of
           Abessinia
           ,
           vulgarly
           ,
           though
           erroneously
           ,
           called
           the
           Empire
           of
           
             Prester
             John
          
           in
           four
           Books
           (
           illustrated
           with
           many
           Copper
           Plates
           )
           and
           also
           a
           new
           and
           exact
           Map
           of
           the
           Countrey
           ,
           and
           a
           Preface
           she
           wing
           the
           usefulness
           of
           this
           History
           ;
           with
           the
           life
           of
           
             Gregorius
             Abba
             ,
             &c.
          
           
           By
           the
           learned
           
             Job
             Ludolphus
          
           Councellour
           to
           his
           Imperial
           Majesty
           and
           the
           Dukes
           of
           Saxony
           ,
           and
           Treasurer
           to
           his
           Highness
           ,
           the
           Elector
           Palatine
           ,
           in
           
             Fol.
             1684.
             
             Price
             12.
             s.
             
          
        
         
           
             Guideon's
             Fleece
          
           ,
           or
           a
           vindication
           of
           the
           
           Colledge
           of
           Physlcians
           in
           answer
           to
           a
           Book
           intituled
           the
           Conclave
           of
           Physicians
           .
           By
           Dr.
           Harvey
           ,
           in
           Quarto
           ,
           1684.
           
           Pr.
           6.
           〈◊〉
        
         
           An
           Anatomical
           account
           of
           an
           Elephant
           which
           was
           lately
           Dissected
           in
           
             Dublin
             ,
             June
          
           17
           ,
           in
           the
           year
           1681.
           
           By
           A.
           M.
           Med.
           of
           
             Trinity
             Colledge
          
           near
           Dublin
           ,
           illustrated
           with
           Cuts
           ,
           in
           Quarto
           ,
           1682.
           
           
             Price
             1.
             s.
          
           
        
         
           
             Swammerdami
             (
             Johan
             .
             )
             Amst
             .
          
           M.
           D.
           
             Miraculum
             Naturae
          
           .
           In
           Octavo
           .
        
         
           A
           Philosophical
           Account
           of
           the
           hard
           Frost
           ,
           with
           what
           Effects
           it
           may
           probably
           have
           upon
           Human
           Bodies
           ,
           as
           to
           Health
           and
           Sickness
           ,
           in
           
             Quarto
             .
             2
             d.
          
           Stitcht
           .
        
         
           The
           true
           method
           of
           curing
           Consumptions
           .
           By
           
             S.
             H.
          
           Med.
           D.
           1683.
           
           
             Price
             1.
             s.
          
           
        
         
           A
           Discourse
           about
           Bagnio's
           ,
           and
           
             Mineral
             Baths
          
           ,
           and
           of
           the
           drinking
           of
           
             Spaw
             Water
          
           ,
           with
           an
           Account
           of
           the
           Medicinal
           Vertues
           of
           them
           ,
           and
           also
           shewing
           the
           usefulness
           of
           Sweating
           ,
           Rubbing
           ,
           and
           Bathing
           ,
           and
           the
           great
           benefit
           many
           here
           received
           from
           them
           in
           various
           Distempers
           .
           By
           
             S.
             H.
             Med.
             Doct.
          
           1683.
           
        
         
           Miracles
           ,
           Works
           above
           and
           contrary
           to
           Nature
           ;
           or
           an
           Answer
           to
           a
           late
           Translation
           out
           of
           
             Spinosa's
             Tractatus
             Theologice-politicus
          
           ,
           Mr.
           
             Hobs
             Leviathan
          
           ,
           &c.
           in
           
             Quarto
             ,
             1683.
             
             Price
          
           1.
           s.
           
        
         
           A
           Treatise
           of
           
             Self
             Examination
          
           ,
           in
           order
           to
           the
           worthy
           receiving
           the
           Holy
           Communion
           .
           By
           Monsieur
           
             John
             Clade
          
           Minister
           of
           the
           
           Reformed
           Church
           at
           Paris
           :
           Translated
           from
           the
           French
           Original
           ,
           in
           Twelves
           ,
           1683.
           
        
         
           
             Protestancy
             to
             be
             Embraced
          
           ;
           or
           a
           new
           and
           infallible
           Method
           to
           reduce
           Romanists
           from
           Popery
           to
           Protestancy
           .
           1683.
           
             pr.
             1.
             s.
          
           
        
         
           
             The
             Art
             of
             Divine
             Converse
          
           ,
           being
           a
           New
           Years-Gift
           ,
           directing
           how
           to
           walk
           with
           God
           all
           the
           year
           long
           ,
           in
           
             Twelves
             ,
             pr.
             6.
             d.
          
           
        
         
           The
           Councils
           of
           Wisdom
           ,
           or
           the
           Maxims
           of
           Solomon
           ,
           in
           Twelves
           ,
           1683.
           
             pr.
             1.
             s.
          
           
        
         
           The
           Ten
           Pleasures
           of
           Marriage
           .
           In
           Twelves
           .
        
         
           The
           
             Dutch
             Rogue
          
           :
           or
           Gusman
           of
           Amsterdam
           ,
           traced
           from
           the
           Cradle
           to
           the
           Gallows
           ,
           1683.
           
           In
           Twelves
           .
        
         
           Dr.
           Thomas
           Smith's
           Sermon
           about
           frequent
           Communion
           ,
           1685.
           
        
         
           Mr.
           
           Fish's
           Sermon
           on
           the
           9th
           of
           May
           ,
           1684.
           
        
         
           History
           of
           the
           Original
           and
           Progress
           of
           Ecclesiastical
           Revenues
           ,
           by
           the
           Learned
           
             P.
             Simon
          
           ,
           1685.
           
        
         
           
             Contra
             Hist
             .
             Aristeae
             de
             LXX
             Interpretibus
             dissertatio
             ,
             sive
             responsio
             ad
             D.
             Isaac
             Vossium
             de
             Septuaginta
             ,
             &c.
             per
             H.
             Hoddy
             A.
             M.
          
           1685.
           
        
         
           FINIS
           .
        
      
       
         Notes, typically marginal, from the original text
         
           Notes for div A29026-e2740
           
             A
             Paper
             refer'd
             to
             contain
             ;
             Observations
             ,
             about
             the
             Salubrity
             and
             Insalubrity
             of
             the
             Air
             ,
             under
             whose
             4th
             Proposition
             this
             Process
             is
             rang'd
             .