The life & death of Julius Cæsar, the first founder of the Roman empire as also, The life and death of Augustus Cæsar, in whose raign [sic] Our Blessed Lord and Saviour Jesus Chri[s]t was borne / by Sa. Clarke ...
         Clarke, Samuel, 1599-1682.
      
       
         
           1665
        
      
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             The life & death of Julius Cæsar, the first founder of the Roman empire as also, The life and death of Augustus Cæsar, in whose raign [sic] Our Blessed Lord and Saviour Jesus Chri[s]t was borne / by Sa. Clarke ...
             Clarke, Samuel, 1599-1682.
          
           [2], 93 p.
           
             Printed for William Miller ...,
             London :
             1665.
          
           
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         eng
      
       
         
           Caesar, Julius.
           Augustus, -- Emperor of Rome, 63 B.C.-14 A.D.
        
      
    
     
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           THE
           LIFE
           &
           DEATH
           OF
           Julius
           Caesar
           ,
           The
           first
           Founder
           of
           the
           ROMAN
           EMPIRE
           AS
           ALSO
           The
           LIFE
           and
           DEATH
           OF
           Augustus
           Caesar
           In
           whose
           Raign
           our
           Blessed
           LORD
           ,
           and
           SAVIOUR
           JESUS
           CHRIT
           was
           borne
           .
        
         
           By
           
             Sa.
             Clarke
          
           sometime
           Pastor
           in
           St.
           
             Bennet
             Finck
          
           London
           .
        
         
           LONDON
           ,
           Printed
           for
           
             William
             Miller
          
           at
           the
           Guilded
           Acorn
           in
           St
           Pauls
           Church-yard
           ,
           near
           the
           little
           North
           Door
           .
           1665.
           
        
      
    
     
       
         
         
         
           THE
           LIFE
           &
           DEATH
           OF
           Julius
           Caesar
           The
           first
           Founder
           of
           the
           ROMAN
           EMPIRE
           .
        
         
           
             JUlius
             Caesar
          
           by
           the
           Fathers
           side
           was
           of
           a
           very
           
           Noble
           and
           ancient
           Family
           ,
           and
           by
           the
           Mothers
           side
           he
           descended
           from
           the
           Kings
           of
           Rome
           ,
           who
           were
           extracted
           from
           the
           
             Trojan
             Aeneas
          
           .
           When
           he
           was
           a
           young
           man
           ,
           Sylla
           having
           gotten
           the
           Lordship
           of
           Rome
           ,
           would
           have
           had
           him
           put
           away
           his
           Wife
           Cornelia
           ,
           who
           was
           the
           Daughter
           of
           Cinna
           ,
           the
           Dictator
           ,
           but
           he
           could
           not
           prevaile
           with
           him
           ,
           either
           by
           promises
           or
           threats
           to
           do
           it
           ,
           whereupon
           he
           took
           away
           her
           joynter
           from
           him
           .
        
         
           Sylla
           being
           very
           busie
           in
           puting
           to
           Death
           many
           of
           his
           
           enemies
           ,
           yet
           passed
           by
           Caesar
           whom
           he
           contemned
           for
           his
           
           youth
           .
           And
           Caesar
           was
           not
           contented
           to
           retire
           himself
           in
           safety
           inthose
           stormy
           times
           ,
           but
           came
           and
           made
           suite
           to
           the
           People
           for
           the
           Priesthood
           which
           was
           then
           void
           ,
           when
           he
           had
           scant
           any
           haire
           on
           his
           face
           :
           but
           by
           Syllas
           means
           he
           suffered
           a
           repulse
           ,
           who
           was
           so
           irritated
           hereby
           ,
           that
           he
           determined
           to
           have
           killed
           him
           ;
           and
           when
           some
           of
           Syllas
           Friends
           told
           him
           ,
           that
           it
           was
           to
           no
           purpose
           to
           put
           so
           young
           a
           man
           to
           Death
           ,
           he
           answered
           ,
           
             That
             they
             did
             not
             consider
             that
             there
             were
             many
          
           Marius's
           
             in
             that
             one
             Boy
          
           .
        
         
           Caesar
           being
           informed
           of
           his
           danger
           ,
           secretly
           fled
           from
           Rome
           ,
           and
           hid
           himself
           a
           long
           time
           amongst
           the
           Sabines
           ,
           
           wandering
           from
           one
           place
           to
           another
           ,
           yet
           at
           length
           he
           fell
           into
           the
           hands
           of
           a
           party
           of
           Syllas
           Souldiers
           who
           soughtfor
           him
           ,
           but
           he
           bribed
           their
           Captain
           with
           two
           Talents
           ,
           and
           so
           escaped
           .
           Then
           went
           he
           unto
           the
           Sea
           side
           ,
           and
           taking
           Ship
           ,
           he
           passed
           into
           Bythinia
           unto
           King
           Nicomedes
           .
           And
           after
           a
           while
           ,
           he
           took
           Sea
           again
           ,
           
           and
           fell
           into
           the
           hands
           of
           some
           Pirates
           ,
           who
           at
           that
           time
           kept
           all
           the
           Sea-coast
           ,
           with
           a
           great
           Fleet.
           They
           asking
           him
           twenty
           Talents
           for
           his
           Ransom
           ,
           Caesar
           laughed
           them
           to
           scorne
           ,
           as
           not
           knowing
           what
           a
           man
           they
           had
           taken
           ,
           and
           of
           himself
           promised
           them
           fifty
           Talents
           ,
           and
           sent
           some
           of
           his
           men
           to
           get
           him
           this
           money
           ,
           so
           that
           he
           was
           almost
           left
           alone
           amongst
           these
           Theeves
           ,
           which
           were
           the
           cruellest
           Butchers
           in
           the
           world
           ,
           having
           onely
           one
           of
           his
           Friends
           and
           two
           Slaves
           with
           him
           .
        
         
           Thus
           he
           continued
           thirty
           eight
           dayes
           amongst
           them
           ,
           not
           as
           a
           Prisoner
           ,
           but
           rather
           waited
           upon
           as
           a
           Prince
           by
           them
           :
           For
           he
           boldly
           exercised
           himself
           amongst
           them
           
           in
           their
           sports
           :
           He
           would
           make
           Orations
           and
           call
           them
           to
           gether
           to
           hear
           them
           ,
           and
           if
           they
           seemed
           not
           to
           understand
           or
           regard
           them
           ,
           he
           would
           call
           them
           Blockheads
           and
           Beasts
           ,
           and
           laughing
           ,
           would
           threaten
           to
           hang
           them
           ,
           and
           they
           took
           all
           in
           good
           part
           ,
           thinking
           that
           it
           proceeded
           from
           his
           Boyish
           simplicity
           .
        
         
         
           When
           his
           Ransome
           was
           come
           ,
           he
           paid
           it
           them
           and
           so
           was
           dismssied
           ;
           and
           presently
           arming
           and
           manning
           
           some
           Ships
           out
           of
           the
           Haven
           of
           Miletum
           ,
           he
           followed
           these
           Theeves
           ,
           and
           finding
           them
           yet
           at
           Anchor
           ,
           he
           took
           most
           of
           them
           ,
           and
           got
           a
           great
           Booty
           ,
           and
           carryed
           there
           persons
           to
           the
           City
           of
           Pergamus
           ,
           and
           there
           imprisoned
           them
           ,
           whilst
           himself
           went
           to
           Jumus
           ,
           the
           Governour
           of
           Asia
           ,
           to
           whom
           the
           execution
           of
           these
           Pirates
           did
           belong
           .
           But
           he
           desiring
           to
           get
           the
           money
           ,
           because
           there
           was
           good
           store
           of
           it
           ,
           said
           ,
           that
           he
           would
           consider
           of
           these
           Prisoners
           at
           better
           leasure
           .
           Caesar
           hereupon
           returned
           back
           to
           Pergamus
           ,
           and
           there
           hung
           up
           all
           
           these
           Theeves
           openly
           upon
           the
           Crosse
           ,
           as
           he
           often
           had
           threatened
           that
           he
           would
           doe
           ,
           when
           they
           thought
           that
           he
           was
           but
           in
           jest
           .
        
         
           When
           Sylla's
           power
           began
           to
           decay
           ,
           Caesars
           Friends
           wrote
           to
           him
           to
           returne
           to
           Rome
           :
           But
           he
           first
           went
           to
           Rhodes
           to
           study
           there
           for
           a
           time
           ,
           under
           the
           Tuition
           of
           Apollonius
           ,
           an
           honest
           man
           and
           excellent
           Rethorician
           ,
           
           whose
           Schollar
           also
           Cicero
           had
           been
           .
           Caesar
           had
           an
           excellent
           gift
           to
           speak
           well
           naturally
           ,
           which
           was
           much
           holpen
           by
           his
           Studies
           ,
           so
           that
           he
           was
           very
           eloquent
           ,
           and
           might
           have
           been
           second
           to
           none
           ,
           but
           that
           he
           applied
           himself
           rather
           to
           follow
           the
           Wars
           ,
           and
           to
           mannage
           great
           matters
           than
           to
           pleading
           of
           causes
           .
        
         
           When
           he
           was
           returned
           again
           to
           Rome
           ,
           he
           immediately
           
           wan
           the
           good
           willof
           the
           People
           by
           his
           Eloquence
           ,
           and
           courteous
           speaking
           to
           every
           man
           ,
           being
           more
           ceremonious
           in
           his
           deportment
           than
           could
           be
           expected
           from
           one
           of
           his
           years
           .
           Besides
           ,
           he
           ever
           kept
           a
           good
           Table
           ,
           and
           
           fared
           well
           ,
           and
           was
           very
           liberall
           ,
           which
           much
           encreased
           his
           estimation
           with
           the
           people
           .
           And
           his
           enemies
           ,
           presuming
           that
           when
           he
           could
           not
           hold
           out
           that
           charge
           and
           
           expence
           ,
           the
           favour
           of
           the
           People
           would
           quickly
           decay
           ,
           they
           suffered
           him
           to
           go
           on
           ,
           till
           by
           degrees
           he
           was
           grown
           very
           great
           ,
           and
           powerfull
           .
           So
           that
           though
           some
           of
           them
           foresaw
           that
           his
           power
           would
           at
           last
           turne
           to
           the
           
           destruction
           of
           the
           Commonwealth
           of
           Rome
           ,
           yet
           now
           they
           knew
           not
           how
           to
           provent
           it
           .
           Indeed
           Cicero
           was
           the
           first
           man
           ,
           who
           mistrusting
           his
           dealings
           ,
           found
           out
           his
           subtilty
           and
           malice
           ,
           which
           he
           cuningly
           cloaked
           under
           a
           shew
           of
           curtesie
           ,
           and
           familiarity
           :
           Yet
           (
           said
           he
           )
           
             When
             I
             consider
             how
             finely
             he
             combeth
             his
             fair
             bush
             of
             haire
             ,
             and
             how
             smooth
             it
             lyeth
             ,
             and
             that
             I
             see
             him
             scratch
             his
             Head
             with
             one
             finger
             ,
             my
             mind
             gives
             me
             then
             ,
             that
             such
             a
             man
             should
             not
             be
             so
             wicked
             as
             to
             designe
             the
             ruine
             of
             the
             common-wealth
             .
          
        
         
           The
           first
           time
           that
           he
           made
           proofe
           of
           the
           good
           will
           of
           the
           People
           was
           ,
           when
           he
           stood
           in
           competition
           with
           Pompey
           to
           be
           chosen
           a
           Collonel
           of
           a
           thousand
           Foot
           Souldiers
           ,
           and
           carryed
           it
           against
           him
           ;
           but
           a
           more
           manifest
           proof
           of
           it
           was
           at
           the
           Deathof
           his
           Aunt
           Julia
           ,
           the
           Wifeof
           Marius
           the
           elder
           .
           For
           then
           he
           solemnly
           made
           an
           Oration
           in
           her
           commendations
           in
           the
           Market
           place
           ,
           and
           at
           her
           Buriall
           ,
           did
           boldly
           shew
           forth
           the
           Images
           of
           Marius
           ,
           which
           was
           the
           first
           time
           that
           they
           were
           seen
           after
           Syllas
           Victory
           over
           him
           ,
           at
           which
           time
           Marius
           and
           all
           his
           partakershad
           been
           proclaimed
           Traytors
           and
           enemies
           to
           the
           Commonwealth
           .
           And
           whereas
           some
           cryed
           out
           upon
           Caesar
           for
           doing
           it
           ,
           the
           Poeple
           on
           the
           other
           side
           applaudded
           and
           thanked
           him
           him
           for
           it
           .
           And
           whereas
           there
           was
           an
           ancient
           custome
           that
           the
           Romans
           used
           to
           make
           Funerall
           Orations
           in
           commendation
           of
           old
           Ladys
           ,
           but
           not
           of
           young
           Women
           ,
           Caesar
           was
           the
           first
           that
           praised
           his
           own
           Wife
           in
           an
           Oration
           at
           her
           funerall
           ,
           which
           much
           engaged
           the
           People
           to
           him
           ,
           seeing
           him
           of
           so
           kind
           ,
           and
           loving
           a
           nature
           .
        
         
           Shortly
           after
           he
           was
           made
           Treasure
           under
           Antistius
           
           Vetus
           ,
           the
           Praetor
           ,
           for
           which
           he
           ever
           after
           honoured
           him
           ,
           so
           that
           when
           he
           himselfe
           came
           to
           be
           Praetor
           ,
           he
           made
           his
           Son
           Treasurer
           under
           him
           ,
           and
           when
           he
           came
           out
           of
           that
           Office
           ,
           he
           married
           his
           third
           Wife
           ,
           whom
           was
           Pompeia
           ,
           and
           married
           his
           Daughter
           Cornelia
           which
           he
           had
           by
           his
           first
           Wife
           ,
           to
           Pompey
           the
           Great
           .
           He
           further
           ingratiated
           ,
           himself
           with
           the
           People
           by
           disbursing
           a
           
           great
           summe
           of
           his
           own
           money
           in
           mending
           the
           Appian
           way
           ,
           when
           he
           was
           made
           Overseer
           thereof
           :
           as
           also
           for
           that
           ,
           when
           he
           was
           chosen
           an
           Aedile
           ,
           he
           shewed
           the
           People
           the
           pastime
           of
           three
           hundred
           and
           twenty
           couple
           of
           Sword
           Players
           ,
           and
           exceeded
           all
           others
           in
           the
           sumptuousnesse
           of
           his
           Feasts
           and
           sports
           which
           he
           made
           for
           the
           delight
           of
           the
           People
           ,
           which
           made
           them
           daily
           to
           give
           him
           new
           Offices
           by
           way
           of
           requitall
           .
        
         
           Not
           long
           after
           the
           High
           Priest
           Metellus
           dyed
           ,
           and
           Isauricus
           and
           Catulus
           ,
           two
           of
           the
           chiefest
           men
           ,
           and
           of
           the
           greatest
           authority
           in
           Rome
           ,
           contended
           for
           the
           place
           :
           Caesar
           also
           presented
           himself
           to
           the
           People
           and
           sued
           for
           it
           ,
           and
           Catulus
           fearing
           the
           event
           ,
           sent
           a
           great
           summe
           of
           money
           to
           Caesar
           ,
           to
           procure
           him
           to
           leave
           off
           his
           suite
           :
           Caesar
           sent
           him
           word
           ,
           that
           he
           would
           disburse
           a
           greater
           summe
           than
           that
           to
           maintaine
           the
           suit
           against
           him
           :
           and
           when
           the
           Day
           of
           Election
           came
           ,
           his
           Mother
           bringing
           him
           to
           the
           Doore
           ,
           Caesar
           weeping
           kissed
           her
           and
           said
           ,
           
           
             Mother
             ,
             This
             day
             thou
             shalt
             see
             thy
             Son
             chief
             Bishop
             of
          
           Rome
           ,
           
             or
             bannished
             from
          
           Rome
           ;
           and
           accordingly
           he
           carred
           it
           by
           the
           suffrages
           of
           the
           People
           ,
           insomuch
           as
           the
           Senate
           and
           Noble
           men
           were
           all
           affraid
           of
           him
           ,
           judging
           that
           from
           henceforth
           he
           would
           make
           the
           People
           do
           what
           he
           pleased
           .
        
         
           Afterwards
           Caesar
           going
           into
           the
           Senate
           to
           cleere
           himself
           of
           some
           accusations
           that
           were
           brought
           against
           him
           ,
           the
           Senate
           keeping
           him
           somewhat
           longer
           than
           ordinary
           ,
           the
           People
           come
           to
           the
           door
           and
           called
           for
           him
           ,
           bidding
           them
           let
           him
           out
           .
           Whereupon
           Cato
           fearing
           an
           insurraction
           of
           the
           Poor
           and
           needy
           persons
           ,
           who
           put
           all
           their
           hopes
           in
           Caesar
           ,
           moved
           ,
           that
           a
           frank
           distribution
           of
           Corne
           for
           a
           moneth
           should
           be
           made
           amongst
           them
           ,
           which
           indeed
           put
           the
           Commonwealth
           to
           the
           charge
           of
           fifty
           five
           hundred
           Myriades
           ,
           but
           it
           quenched
           the
           present
           danger
           ,
           and
           did
           happly
           scatter
           the
           best
           part
           of
           Caesars
           strength
           ,
           and
           that
           at
           such
           time
           when
           he
           was
           made
           Praetor
           ,
           and
           had
           thereby
           opportunity
           of
           doing
           
           much
           mischief
           .
           Yet
           all
           the
           time
           of
           that
           Office
           ,
           he
           never
           attempted
           to
           make
           any
           alteration
           in
           the
           Common-wealth
           .
           
        
         
           About
           this
           time
           Clodius
           was
           suspected
           of
           too
           much
           familiarity
           whith
           Pompeia
           wherefore
           Caesar
           put
           her
           away
           .
           
           The
           Government
           of
           Spain
           being
           falne
           unto
           Caesar
           as
           he
           was
           Praetor
           ,
           his
           Creditors
           came
           with
           great
           importunity
           calling
           for
           their
           debts
           :
           But
           he
           being
           unable
           to
           satisfy
           them
           ,
           went
           to
           Crassus
           ,
           the
           richest
           man
           in
           Rome
           ;
           who
           stood
           in
           need
           of
           Caesars
           boldness
           and
           courage
           to
           withstand
           Pompeys
           greatness
           ,
           who
           became
           his
           surety
           to
           his
           greediest
           Creditors
           ,
           for
           eight
           hundred
           and
           thirty
           Talents
           ,
           whereupon
           he
           was
           suffered
           to
           depart
           to
           his
           Province
           .
        
         
           As
           he
           passed
           over
           the
           Alps
           he
           came
           to
           a
           little
           poor
           Village
           ,
           where
           his
           friends
           that
           did
           accompany
           him
           ,
           asked
           him
           merrily
           if
           there
           were
           any
           contending
           for
           Offices
           in
           that
           Town
           ,
           and
           whether
           there
           were
           any
           strife
           amongst
           the
           Noble-men
           for
           honour
           ?
           Caesar
           answered
           ,
           
             I
             cannot
             tell
             :
             but
             for
             my
             part
             ,
             I
             had
             rather
             be
             the
             chiefest
             man
          
           
           
             here
             ,
             than
             the
             second
             person
             in
             Rome
             .
          
           Another
           time
           in
           Spain
           reading
           the
           History
           of
           Alexander
           he
           was
           sorrowfull
           a
           good
           while
           after
           ,
           and
           at
           last
           burst
           out
           into
           weeping
           .
           His
           Friends
           marvelling
           at
           it
           ,
           asked
           him
           what
           was
           the
           cause
           of
           his
           sorrow
           ?
           He
           answered
           ,
           
             Do
             you
             not
             think
             that
             I
             have
             good
             cause
             to
             be
             sorry
             ,
             when
          
           Alexander
           (
           
             being
             no
             older
             than
             myself
             )
             had
             conquered
             so
             many
             Nations
             and
             Countries
             ,
             whereas
             hitherto
             I
             have
             done
             nothing
             worthy
             of
             my self
             .
          
        
         
           When
           he
           first
           came
           into
           Spain
           he
           followed
           his
           business
           close
           ,
           and
           in
           a
           short
           time
           had
           joined
           ten
           new
           Ensigns
           
           of
           Foot
           Souldiers
           ,
           unto
           the
           other
           twenty
           which
           he
           had
           before
           .
           Then
           marching
           against
           the
           Gallicians
           ,
           and
           Lusitanians
           ,
           he
           conquered
           all
           before
           him
           as
           far
           as
           to
           the
           Atlantick
           Ocean
           ,
           subduing
           those
           People
           which
           before
           knew
           not
           the
           Romans
           for
           their
           Lords
           ;
           and
           then
           did
           as
           wisely
           take
           order
           for
           the
           establishing
           of
           Peace
           .
           For
           he
           reconciled
           the
           Cities
           together
           ,
           made
           them
           Friends
           :
           But
           especially
           he
           pacified
           all
           suits
           of
           Law
           betwixt
           
           Debtors
           and
           Creditors
           which
           arose
           by
           usury
           :
           Ordaining
           
           that
           the
           Creditors
           should
           take
           yearly
           two
           parts
           of
           the
           revenew
           of
           their
           Debtors
           ,
           till
           such
           time
           as
           they
           had
           paid
           themselves
           ,
           and
           that
           the
           Debtors
           should
           have
           the
           other
           third
           part
           to
           live
           upon
           .
           By
           this
           he
           won
           great
           estimation
           to
           himself
           ,
           and
           returned
           from
           his
           Government
           very
           wealthy
           ,
           his
           Souldiers
           also
           were
           full
           of
           rich
           spoiles
           .
        
         
           The
           Romans
           had
           a
           custome
           ,
           that
           such
           as
           desired
           the
           honour
           of
           Triumph
           ,
           should
           stay
           without
           the
           City
           ,
           whereas
           they
           that
           sued
           for
           the
           Consulship
           must
           of
           necessity
           be
           there
           in
           Person
           .
           Caesar
           coming
           home
           just
           at
           that
           time
           when
           Consuls
           were
           to
           be
           chosen
           ,
           he
           sent
           to
           request
           the
           Senate
           that
           he
           might
           be
           permitted
           to
           sue
           for
           the
           Consulship
           by
           his
           friends
           :
           Against
           this
           Cato
           at
           first
           did
           vehemently
           invey
           ,
           alleadging
           that
           it
           was
           contrary
           to
           an
           express
           Law.
           But
           when
           he
           perceived
           that
           many
           of
           the
           Senators
           (
           being
           Caesar's
           friends
           )
           favoured
           his
           request
           ,
           he
           cunningly
           sought
           all
           he
           could
           to
           prevent
           them
           :
           whereupon
           Caesar
           resolved
           rather
           to
           give
           over
           his
           suit
           ,
           for
           the
           Triumph
           ,
           than
           to
           lose
           the
           Consulship
           :
           So
           he
           came
           into
           the
           City
           ,
           and
           outwitted
           all
           but
           Cato
           .
           His
           device
           was
           this
           ,
           Pompey
           and
           Crassus
           were
           the
           two
           greatest
           
           Persons
           in
           Rome
           ,
           and
           at
           jarr
           between
           themselves
           :
           Caesar
           affecting
           to
           make
           himself
           greater
           than
           either
           of
           them
           ,
           sought
           to
           make
           them
           friends
           ,
           and
           thereby
           to
           get
           the
           power
           of
           them
           both
           :
           For
           indeed
           ,
           they
           both
           affected
           his
           Friendship
           ,
           that
           by
           his
           help
           they
           might
           supplant
           one
           another
           .
           And
           in
           the
           end
           ,
           by
           his
           endeavours
           ,
           a
           peace
           was
           concluded
           betwixt
           them
           :
           yet
           being
           still
           jealous
           one
           of
           another
           ,
           and
           fearing
           to
           lose
           Caesar
           ,
           they
           both
           sought
           to
           gratifie
           him
           ,
           and
           by
           this
           means
           he
           made
           himself
           equall
           to
           either
           of
           them
           :
           and
           that
           power
           which
           they
           two
           had
           formerly
           usurped
           ,
           was
           now
           divided
           between
           three
           ,
           and
           in
           the
           end
           Caesar
           hereby
           got
           the
           sole
           command
           .
        
         
           This
           League
           being
           made
           betwixt
           them
           ,
           Caesar
           demanded
           the
           Consulship
           ,
           being
           brought
           into
           the
           Assembly
           for
           the
           Election
           betwixt
           these
           two
           Noble
           Persons
           
           and
           was
           there
           chosen
           Consul
           ▪
           together
           with
           Calphurnius
           
           Bibulus
           ,
           without
           the
           contradiction
           of
           any
           :
           And
           when
           he
           was
           entered
           into
           his
           Office
           ,
           he
           began
           to
           put
           forth
           Laws
           meeter
           for
           a
           sedicious
           Tribune
           than
           for
           a
           Consul
           ,
           because
           by
           them
           he
           preferred
           the
           division
           of
           Lands
           ,
           and
           distrubuting
           Corne
           to
           every
           Citizen
           Gratis
           ,
           and
           all
           to
           please
           the
           People
           ;
           And
           when
           the
           Senators
           opposed
           it
           ,
           he
           took
           the
           advantage
           ,
           Protesting
           that
           the
           Senate
           by
           their
           austerity
           drave
           him
           against
           his
           will
           to
           cleave
           to
           the
           People
           ,
           and
           thereupon
           he
           asked
           Crassus
           and
           Pompey
           in
           the
           open
           Assembly
           ,
           if
           they
           gave
           their
           consents
           to
           his
           Laws
           ?
           They
           answered
           ,
           yea
           .
           Then
           he
           prayed
           them
           to
           stand
           by
           him
           against
           those
           that
           threatned
           to
           oppose
           him
           with
           the
           Sword
           :
           Crassus
           said
           he
           would
           ,
           and
           Pompey
           did
           the
           like
           ,
           adding
           ,
           that
           he
           would
           come
           with
           his
           Sword
           and
           Target
           both
           against
           such
           ;
           which
           gave
           great
           offence
           to
           the
           Senate
           ,
           but
           the
           common
           People
           much
           rejoyced
           .
        
         
           Caesar
           to
           oblige
           Pompey
           more
           to
           him
           ,
           gave
           him
           his
           Daughter
           Julia
           in
           marriage
           ,
           who
           was
           made
           sure
           before
           
           to
           
             Servilius
             Caepio
          
           ,
           promising
           him
           in
           her
           stead
           Pompeys
           Daughter
           ,
           who
           also
           was
           made
           sure
           unto
           Faustus
           ,
           the
           Son
           of
           Sylla
           .
           And
           shortly
           after
           Caesar
           himself
           married
           Calphurnia
           ,
           the
           Daughter
           of
           Piso
           ,
           whom
           he
           caused
           to
           succeed
           him
           in
           the
           Consulship
           .
           Cato
           then
           cryed
           out
           ,
           and
           called
           the
           Gods
           to
           witnesse
           ,
           that
           it
           was
           a
           shamefull
           thing
           that
           they
           should
           make
           such
           havock
           in
           the
           Commonwealth
           by
           such
           horrible
           Bawdy
           matches
           ,
           hereby
           dividing
           amongst
           themselves
           the
           Government
           of
           Provinces
           ,
           and
           great
           Armies
           .
           And
           Bibulus
           perceiving
           that
           he
           did
           but
           contend
           in
           vaine
           ,
           Caesar
           being
           too
           potent
           for
           him
           ,
           and
           that
           his
           Life
           was
           in
           danger
           for
           opposing
           these
           Laws
           ,
           he
           kept
           his
           House
           all
           the
           rest
           of
           his
           Consulship
           .
        
         
           Pompey
           having
           married
           Julia
           ,
           he
           filled
           the
           Market-place
           with
           Souldiers
           ,
           and
           by
           open
           force
           authorised
           the
           Lawes
           which
           Caesar
           had
           made
           in
           favour
           of
           the
           People
           :
           He
           procured
           also
           that
           Caesar
           had
           both
           the
           Gauls
           ,
           and
           
           all
           Illyria
           ,
           with
           four
           Legions
           ,
           granted
           him
           for
           five
           years
           :
           and
           when
           Cato
           stood
           up
           to
           speak
           against
           it
           ,
           Caesar
           
           bad
           his
           Officers
           to
           lay
           hold
           on
           him
           ,
           and
           carry
           him
           to
           Prison
           ,
           thinking
           that
           he
           would
           have
           appealed
           to
           the
           Tribunes
           ,
           but
           Cato
           said
           no
           more
           ,
           but
           went
           his
           way
           .
           And
           Caesar
           seeing
           that
           not
           only
           the
           Nobility
           ,
           but
           the
           Commons
           also
           were
           offended
           at
           it
           ,
           out
           of
           respect
           to
           Cato's
           virtues
           ,
           he
           secretly
           prayed
           one
           of
           the
           Tribunes
           that
           he
           would
           take
           Cato
           from
           his
           Officers
           ,
           which
           was
           done
           accordingly
           .
           Many
           of
           the
           Senators
           refused
           to
           be
           present
           in
           the
           Senate
           under
           him
           ,
           but
           left
           the
           City
           ,
           because
           they
           could
           not
           endure
           his
           doings
           ;
           whereupon
           one
           Considius
           ,
           an
           old
           man
           told
           him
           ,
           that
           the
           Senators
           durst
           not
           meet
           because
           of
           his
           Souldiers
           .
           Why
           then
           (
           said
           Caesar
           )
           dost
           not
           thou
           also
           keep
           home
           out
           of
           the
           same
           fear
           ?
           Because
           (
           said
           he
           )
           
             My
             age
             takes
             away
             my
             fear
             from
             me
             ,
             for
             having
             so
             short
             a
             time
             to
             live
             ,
             I
             care
             not
             to
             prolong
             it
             further
             .
          
        
         
           Caesar
           preferred
           Clodius
           ,
           a
           base
           fellow
           ,
           to
           be
           Tribune
           ,
           who
           sought
           the
           Office
           for
           no
           other
           end
           but
           to
           destroy
           
           Cicero
           ,
           who
           had
           discovered
           his
           Villanies
           ,
           and
           Caesar
           would
           not
           go
           to
           his
           Province
           till
           he
           had
           set
           them
           two
           together
           by
           the
           ears
           ,
           and
           driven
           Cicero
           out
           of
           Italy
           .
           Yet
           did
           he
           deserve
           the
           name
           of
           as
           brave
           a
           Generall
           as
           any
           that
           went
           before
           him
           ,
           if
           we
           consider
           the
           hard
           Countries
           where
           he
           made
           Wars
           :
           His
           gaining
           of
           so
           many
           Countries
           which
           he
           adjoyned
           to
           the
           Empire
           of
           Rome
           :
           The
           multitude
           and
           power
           of
           the
           enemies
           whom
           he
           overcame
           :
           The
           rudenesse
           and
           Valour
           of
           the
           men
           with
           whom
           he
           had
           to
           doe
           ,
           whose
           manners
           yet
           he
           mollified
           ,
           and
           civilized
           :
           His
           courtesy
           ,
           and
           clemency
           to
           those
           whom
           he
           overcame
           :
           His
           great
           bounty
           and
           liberallity
           to
           those
           that
           served
           under
           him
           :
           As
           also
           if
           we
           consider
           the
           number
           of
           Battels
           that
           he
           fought
           ,
           and
           the
           multitude
           of
           enemies
           that
           were
           slaine
           by
           him
           .
           For
           in
           lesse
           then
           ten
           years
           ,
           he
           took
           by
           assault
           above
           eight
           hundered
           
           Townes
           :
           He
           conquered
           three
           hundred
           Nations
           :
           and
           having
           at
           several
           times
           above
           thirty
           hundred
           thousand
           
           Souldiers
           against
           him
           ,
           he
           slew
           a
           Million
           of
           them
           ,
           and
           took
           as
           many
           more
           Prisoners
           .
           He
           was
           so
           intirely
           beloved
           of
           his
           Souldiers
           ,
           that
           to
           doe
           him
           service
           ,
           and
           
           to
           advance
           his
           honour
           ,
           they
           were
           invincible
           :
           As
           appeares
           by
           the
           example
           of
           Acilius
           ,
           who
           in
           a
           Sea-fight
           before
           the
           City
           of
           Marseiles
           ,
           boarding
           one
           of
           the
           enemies
           Ships
           ,
           had
           his
           right
           hand
           cut
           off
           ,
           and
           yet
           he
           ran
           upon
           his
           enemies
           ,
           thrusting
           them
           in
           their
           faces
           with
           his
           Target
           on
           his
           left
           hand
           ,
           and
           so
           prevailed
           that
           he
           took
           their
           Ship.
           
        
         
           One
           
             Cassius
             Scava
          
           also
           in
           a
           fight
           before
           the
           City
           of
           Dyrrachium
           ,
           having
           an
           eye
           put
           out
           with
           an
           Arrow
           ,
           his
           shoulder
           striken
           through
           with
           a
           Dart
           ,
           and
           his
           thigh
           with
           another
           ,
           having
           received
           thirty
           Arrows
           upon
           his
           Shield
           ,
           called
           to
           his
           enemies
           as
           if
           he
           would
           yeild
           to
           them
           :
           but
           when
           two
           of
           them
           came
           running
           to
           him
           ,
           he
           cut
           off
           one
           of
           their
           armes
           by
           the
           shoulder
           ,
           and
           wounded
           the
           other
           in
           the
           face
           ,
           and
           made
           them
           give
           back
           till
           he
           was
           fetched
           off
           by
           some
           of
           his
           fellowes
           .
           In
           Brittan
           also
           when
           some
           of
           his
           Captaines
           were
           driven
           into
           a
           bog
           full
           of
           mire
           and
           dirt
           ,
           the
           enemies
           fiercely
           assaulting
           them
           there
           ,
           Caesar
           viewing
           the
           Battel
           ,
           he
           saw
           a
           private
           Souldier
           thrust
           in
           amongst
           the
           Captaines
           ,
           where
           he
           fought
           so
           valiantly
           that
           at
           length
           he
           forced
           the
           Barbarous
           People
           to
           fly
           ,
           and
           thereby
           saved
           the
           Captaines
           ,
           who
           otherwise
           had
           perished
           there
           :
           And
           then
           this
           Souldier
           being
           the
           hindmost
           of
           all
           the
           Captaines
           ,
           marched
           through
           the
           bog
           ,
           sometimes
           swiming
           ,
           and
           sometimes
           on
           foot
           ,
           till
           he
           gat
           to
           the
           farther
           side
           ,
           onely
           he
           lost
           his
           Target
           .
           Caesar
           wondring
           at
           his
           valour
           ,
           ran
           and
           imbraced
           him
           :
           But
           the
           poor
           Souldier
           ,
           hanging
           down
           his
           head
           ,
           with
           teares
           in
           his
           eyes
           ,
           fell
           at
           Caesars
           feet
           ,
           begging
           pardon
           for
           leaving
           his
           Target
           behind
           him
           .
           In
           Africk
           also
           ,
           Scipio
           having
           taken
           one
           of
           Caesars
           Ships
           ,
           slew
           all
           that
           were
           in
           it
           ,
           save
           Petronius
           ,
           a
           Treasurer
           ,
           to
           whome
           he
           profered
           life
           :
           But
           Petronius
           answered
           him
           ,
           that
           Caesars
           Souldiers
           used
           to
           give
           others
           their
           lives
           ,
           and
           not
           to
           have
           their
           lives
           given
           them
           ,
           and
           thereupon
           slew
           himself
           with
           his
           own
           Sword.
           
        
         
         
           Now
           Caesar
           bred
           this
           courage
           in
           them
           by
           rewarding
           them
           bountifully
           ,
           and
           honouring
           them
           .
           He
           also
           gave
           them
           a
           good
           example
           by
           adventuring
           himself
           upon
           manifest
           dangers
           ,
           and
           putting
           his
           Body
           to
           extreame
           paines
           when
           there
           was
           occasion
           ,
           which
           filled
           them
           with
           admiration
           .
           As
           for
           his
           costitution
           he
           was
           lean
           ,
           white
           ,
           and
           soft
           skin'd
           ,
           and
           often
           troubled
           with
           the
           Head-ach
           ,
           and
           sometimes
           with
           the
           falling
           sicknesse
           ,
           yet
           yeilded
           he
           not
           to
           his
           sicknesse
           ,
           but
           rather
           took
           paines
           as
           a
           Medicine
           
           to
           cure
           it
           ,
           travelling
           continually
           ,
           living
           soberly
           and
           commonly
           lying
           abroad
           in
           the
           Fields
           .
           Most
           nights
           he
           slept
           in
           his
           Coach
           ,
           and
           in
           the
           dayes
           travelled
           up
           and
           down
           to
           see
           Cities
           ,
           Castles
           ,
           and
           strong
           holds
           .
           He
           had
           alwayes
           a
           Secretary
           with
           him
           in
           his
           Coach
           ,
           who
           writ
           as
           they
           went
           by
           the
           way
           ,
           and
           a
           Souldier
           behind
           him
           that
           carryed
           his
           Sword.
           He
           made
           such
           speed
           when
           he
           had
           gotten
           his
           Office
           at
           Rome
           ,
           that
           in
           eight
           dayes
           he
           came
           to
           the
           River
           of
           Rhone
           .
           He
           was
           an
           excellent
           Rider
           from
           his
           youth
           :
           for
           holding
           his
           hands
           behind
           him
           ,
           he
           would
           
           run
           his
           Horse
           upon
           the
           spurre
           .
        
         
           In
           his
           Wars
           in
           Gaul
           ,
           or
           France
           ,
           he
           used
           to
           exercise
           himself
           in
           inditing
           Letters
           by
           the
           way
           ,
           wherein
           he
           was
           so
           nimble
           that
           he
           imployed
           two
           Secretaries
           ,
           or
           more
           at
           one
           time
           .
           He
           made
           very
           little
           account
           of
           his
           Diet
           ,
           Supping
           one
           night
           in
           Millane
           with
           his
           Friend
           
             Valerius
             Leo
          
           ,
           there
           was
           served
           at
           Table
           some
           Sperage
           with
           perfumed
           oile
           instead
           of
           Sallet
           oile
           ,
           he
           eat
           it
           ,
           and
           found
           no
           fault
           ,
           blaming
           his
           Friends
           who
           were
           offended
           at
           the
           mistake
           ,
           saying
           ,
           that
           if
           they
           liked
           it
           not
           they
           should
           have
           let
           it
           alone
           ,
           and
           that
           it
           was
           not
           good
           manners
           hereby
           to
           shame
           their
           Friend
           .
           At
           another
           time
           in
           his
           journey
           he
           was
           forced
           by
           soul
           weather
           to
           shelter
           himself
           in
           a
           poor
           Cottage
           that
           had
           but
           one
           Cabbin
           ,
           and
           that
           so
           narrow
           that
           one
           could
           scant
           lye
           in
           it
           ,
           whereupon
           he
           said
           to
           his
           Friends
           ,
           the
           greatest
           roomes
           ,
           are
           fittest
           for
           the
           greatest
           men
           ,
           and
           Beds
           for
           sick
           persons
           ,
           and
           so
           caused
           Oppius
           that
           was
           sick
           to
           lie
           there
           ,
           and
           himself
           with
           the
           rest
           of
           his
           Friends
           ,
           lay
           without
           doors
           .
        
         
         
           The
           first
           War
           that
           Caesar
           made
           in
           Gaul
           ,
           was
           against
           
           the
           Helvetians
           ,
           or
           Swissers
           ,
           and
           the
           Tygurines
           ,
           who
           having
           set
           fire
           of
           their
           own
           Cities
           and
           Houses
           ,
           came
           to
           invade
           that
           part
           of
           Gaul
           which
           was
           subject
           to
           the
           Romans
           .
           These
           were
           a
           very
           War-like
           and
           Valiant
           People
           ,
           and
           in
           all
           they
           were
           three
           hundred
           thousand
           souls
           ,
           whereof
           there
           were
           one
           hundred
           and
           ninety
           thousand
           fighting
           men
           :
           yet
           were
           they
           overthrown
           by
           Caesar's
           Lieutenant
           at
           the
           River
           Arax
           .
           And
           when
           the
           Helvetians
           afterwards
           came
           suddenly
           to
           set
           upon
           Caesar
           ,
           he
           made
           hast
           to
           get
           into
           some
           place
           of
           strength
           ,
           and
           there
           ordered
           his
           Battel
           against
           them
           ,
           and
           when
           one
           brought
           him
           his
           charging
           Horse
           ,
           he
           said
           ,
           
             when
             I
             have
             overcome
             mine
             enemies
             ,
             then
             I
             will
             get
             upon
             him
             ,
             to
             pursue
             them
             ,
          
           and
           so
           marching
           against
           them
           on
           foot
           ,
           he
           fiercely
           charged
           them
           :
           The
           Battel
           continued
           long
           before
           he
           could
           make
           them
           fly
           :
           yet
           had
           he
           more
           ado
           to
           take
           their
           Camp
           ,
           and
           to
           break
           the
           strength
           that
           they
           had
           made
           with
           their
           Carts
           .
           For
           not
           onely
           those
           that
           were
           fled
           into
           it
           ,
           made
           head
           again
           ,
           but
           their
           Wives
           and
           Children
           also
           fought
           stoutly
           for
           their
           lives
           ,
           till
           they
           were
           all
           slain
           ,
           and
           the
           Battel
           was
           scarce
           ended
           by
           midnght
           .
        
         
           Presently
           after
           ,
           above
           one
           hundred
           thousand
           of
           those
           that
           had
           escaped
           from
           this
           Battel
           ,
           were
           forced
           by
           Caesar
           to
           return
           into
           their
           own
           Country
           again
           ,
           and
           to
           the
           Townes
           which
           they
           had
           burnt
           ;
           and
           this
           he
           did
           lest
           the
           Germans
           should
           come
           over
           the
           Rhine
           ,
           and
           settle
           themselves
           in
           that
           Country
           being
           void
           .
        
         
           The
           next
           War
           that
           Caesar
           made
           was
           in
           defence
           of
           the
           
           Gauls
           against
           the
           Germans
           ,
           though
           himself
           had
           before
           admitted
           Ariovistus
           their
           King
           to
           be
           received
           as
           a
           consederate
           of
           the
           Romans
           :
           Notwithstanding
           which
           ,
           they
           were
           grown
           very
           unquiet
           Neighbours
           ,
           watching
           but
           an
           opportunity
           to
           possess
           themselves
           of
           the
           rest
           of
           
             Gaul
             .
             Caesar
          
           perceiving
           that
           some
           of
           his
           Captains
           much
           feared
           them
           ,
           especially
           the
           young
           Gentlemen
           of
           Noble
           Famelies
           ,
           who
           went
           along
           with
           him
           as
           to
           some
           Pastimes
           ,
           he
           commanded
           all
           that
           were
           afraid
           to
           return
           home
           ,
           and
           
           not
           endanger
           themselves
           against
           their
           wills
           .
           But
           for
           himself
           he
           said
           ,
           he
           would
           set
           upon
           those
           Barbarous
           People
           ,
           though
           he
           had
           left
           him
           but
           the
           tenth
           Legion
           onely
           .
           Upon
           this
           the
           tenth
           Legion
           sent
           their
           Officers
           to
           thank
           him
           for
           the
           good
           opinion
           he
           had
           of
           them
           :
           and
           all
           the
           other
           Legions
           blamed
           their
           Captaines
           for
           their
           backwardness
           ,
           and
           followed
           him
           cheerfully
           till
           they
           came
           within
           two
           hundred
           Furlongs
           of
           the
           enemies
           Camp.
           
        
         
           Ariovistus
           his
           courage
           was
           well
           cooled
           when
           he
           saw
           
           Caesar
           so
           near
           ,
           whereas
           they
           thought
           that
           the
           Romans
           were
           afraid
           of
           them
           :
           His
           Army
           also
           was
           in
           a
           great
           amaze
           .
           But
           that
           which
           discouraged
           them
           most
           ,
           was
           the
           Prophesies
           of
           some
           foolish
           women
           ,
           who
           observing
           the
           terrible
           noise
           which
           the
           water
           in
           the
           River
           made
           ,
           advised
           the
           Germans
           by
           no
           means
           to
           fight
           ,
           and
           they
           being
           possessed
           with
           a
           supestitious
           fear
           ,
           sought
           to
           avoid
           the
           fight
           :
           Yet
           Caesar
           skirmished
           with
           them
           every
           day
           and
           sometimes
           followed
           them
           to
           their
           Forts
           ,
           and
           little
           Hills
           where
           they
           lay
           ,
           whereby
           he
           so
           provoked
           them
           that
           at
           last
           they
           came
           down
           with
           great
           fury
           to
           fight
           .
           In
           this
           Battell
           he
           overcame
           them
           ,
           and
           pursued
           them
           very
           eagerly
           ,
           making
           a
           great
           slaughter
           of
           them
           even
           to
           the
           River
           of
           Rhine
           ,
           filling
           all
           the
           fields
           with
           dead
           Bodies
           ,
           and
           spoiles
           .
           Ariovistus
           himself
           flying
           speedily
           got
           over
           the
           River
           ,
           and
           escaped
           with
           some
           few
           of
           his
           men
           :
           At
           this
           Battell
           there
           were
           slain
           about
           eighty
           thousand
           Germans
           .
        
         
           After
           this
           Battel
           Caesar
           left
           his
           Army
           to
           winter
           amongst
           the
           Sequanes
           ,
           and
           himself
           thinking
           of
           the
           affairs
           
           of
           Rome
           ,
           returned
           over
           the
           Alps
           to
           a
           place
           about
           the
           River
           Po
           :
           whilest
           he
           lay
           there
           he
           laboured
           to
           make
           Friends
           at
           Rome
           :
           and
           when
           many
           came
           to
           visit
           him
           there
           ,
           he
           granted
           all
           their
           suits
           ,
           and
           sent
           them
           back
           ,
           some
           with
           liberal
           rewards
           ,
           and
           others
           with
           large
           promises
           ,
           whereby
           he
           engaged
           them
           to
           him
           .
        
         
           During
           all
           the
           time
           of
           Caesar's
           great
           conquests
           in
           
             Gaul
             ,
             Pompey
          
           did
           not
           consider
           how
           Caesar
           conquered
           the
           Gauls
           with
           the
           Roman
           weapons
           ,
           and
           wan
           the
           Romans
           with
           
           the
           Riches
           of
           the
           Gauls
           .
           At
           this
           time
           Caesar
           being
           informed
           that
           the
           Belgae
           who
           were
           the
           most
           warlike
           Nation
           
           of
           all
           the
           Gauls
           ,
           were
           all
           up
           in
           Armes
           and
           had
           raised
           a
           very
           great
           Power
           ,
           he
           presently
           made
           towards
           them
           with
           all
           possible
           ,
           speed
           ;
           and
           found
           them
           over-running
           and
           plundering
           the
           neighbour
           Countries
           and
           confederates
           of
           the
           Romans
           ,
           wherefore
           he
           gave
           them
           Battel
           ,
           and
           overthrew
           their
           chiefest
           Army
           ,
           and
           slew
           so
           many
           of
           them
           that
           the
           Lakes
           and
           Rivers
           were
           died
           with
           their
           bloud
           ,
           and
           filled
           with
           their
           dead
           Bodies
           ,
           that
           the
           Romans
           passed
           over
           on
           foot
           upon
           them
           :
           After
           this
           overthrow
           ,
           such
           of
           them
           as
           dwelt
           neere
           the
           Sea
           yeilded
           themselves
           :
           and
           from
           thence
           he
           conducted
           his
           Army
           against
           the
           Nervians
           ,
           the
           stoutest
           Souldiers
           of
           all
           the
           Belgae
           .
           These
           dwelling
           in
           a
           Woody
           Country
           ,
           had
           conveyed
           their
           Wives
           ,
           Children
           and
           Goods
           into
           a
           very
           great
           Forrest
           ,
           remote
           from
           their
           enemies
           ,
           and
           being
           above
           eighty
           thousand
           fighting
           men
           ,
           they
           ,
           watching
           their
           opportunity
           ,
           set
           upon
           Caesar
           when
           his
           Army
           was
           out
           of
           order
           ,
           and
           little
           expecting
           them
           .
           At
           the
           first
           charge
           they
           brake
           the
           Roman
           Horsemen
           ,
           and
           encompassing
           the
           seventh
           and
           twelfth
           Legions
           ,
           they
           slew
           all
           the
           Captains
           ,
           and
           had
           not
           Caesar
           himself
           with
           his
           Shield
           on
           his
           Arme
           ,
           run
           amongst
           them
           ,
           making
           a
           lane
           as
           he
           went
           ,
           and
           the
           tenth
           Legion
           ,
           seeing
           him
           in
           that
           danger
           ,
           followed
           him
           with
           all
           speed
           ,
           there
           had
           not
           a
           Roman
           escaped
           alive
           that
           day
           .
           But
           looking
           upon
           Caesar's
           valour
           ,
           his
           men
           fought
           desperately
           ,
           even
           beyond
           their
           abilities
           ,
           and
           yet
           could
           they
           not
           make
           the
           Nervi
           fly
           but
           they
           fought
           it
           out
           bravely
           till
           most
           of
           them
           were
           
           slaine
           in
           the
           Field
           ,
           five
           hundred
           onely
           of
           them
           ascapeing
           .
           Yet
           was
           it
           a
           bloudy
           Battel
           to
           the
           Romans
           ,
           for
           that
           of
           four
           hundred
           Gentlemen
           ,
           and
           Counsellers
           of
           Rome
           ,
           there
           were
           but
           three
           saved
           .
        
         
           The
           Senate
           of
           Rome
           made
           great
           ,
           signes
           of
           joy
           for
           these
           Victories
           ,
           by
           sacrifizing
           to
           the
           Gods
           ,
           Playes
           ,
           &c.
           and
           as
           Caesars
           fame
           was
           encreased
           hereby
           ,
           so
           he
           wan
           upon
           the
           Peoples
           love
           :
           And
           alwayes
           ,
           when
           his
           affaires
           would
           
           permit
           ,
           he
           used
           to
           Winter
           by
           the
           River
           Po
           ,
           to
           give
           direction
           about
           his
           affaires
           at
           Rome
           .
           And
           truly
           not
           only
           such
           as
           sued
           for
           Offices
           at
           Rome
           ,
           obtained
           them
           by
           Caesars
           money
           ,
           and
           therefore
           imployed
           all
           their
           power
           to
           promote
           his
           interest
           ,
           but
           the
           chiefest
           also
           of
           the
           Nobility
           ,
           went
           to
           Luke
           unto
           him
           ,
           insomuch
           as
           at
           one
           time
           
           there
           have
           been
           seen
           before
           his
           Gates
           ,
           one
           hundred
           and
           twenty
           Sergeants
           carrying
           Rods
           and
           Axes
           before
           the
           Magistrates
           that
           have
           waited
           upon
           him
           ,
           and
           two
           hundred
           Senators
           besides
           .
           Here
           they
           held
           a
           Councell
           ,
           wherein
           it
           was
           agreed
           ,
           that
           Pompey
           and
           Crassus
           should
           again
           be
           chosen
           Consuls
           for
           the
           year
           following
           :
           and
           that
           Caesar
           should
           have
           more
           money
           delivered
           him
           to
           pay
           his
           Army
           ,
           and
           that
           his
           Government
           should
           be
           prorogued
           for
           five
           years
           longer
           .
        
         
           Then
           Caesar
           returning
           into
           Gaul
           to
           his
           Army
           ,
           found
           there
           a
           great
           War
           begun
           :
           For
           two
           Potent
           Nations
           of
           the
           Germans
           ,
           having
           passed
           over
           the
           River
           of
           Rhine
           to
           conquer
           new
           lands
           ,
           Caesar
           fought
           with
           them
           ,
           which
           himself
           thus
           discribeth
           :
           These
           Barbarous
           People
           (
           saith
           he
           )
           after
           they
           had
           sent
           Ambassadours
           to
           me
           to
           desire
           peace
           ,
           contrary
           to
           the
           Law
           of
           Armes
           ,
           came
           and
           set
           upon
           me
           as
           I
           travelled
           by
           the
           way
           ,
           insomuch
           as
           eight
           hundred
           of
           their
           men
           overthrew
           five
           thousand
           of
           my
           Horsemen
           ,
           who
           nothing
           at
           all
           expected
           their
           comming
           ,
           And
           going
           on
           to
           describe
           their
           farther
           proceedings
           .
           he
           saith
           ,
           that
           they
           again
           sent
           Ambassadours
           to
           him
           to
           mock
           him
           ,
           whom
           he
           kept
           Prisoners
           ,
           and
           then
           setting
           upon
           the
           enemies
           ,
           who
           were
           about
           four
           hundred
           thousand
           Persons
           ,
           he
           slew
           most
           of
           them
           ,
           saving
           a
           few
           that
           
           flying
           gat
           back
           over
           the
           River
           of
           Rhine
           and
           so
           escaped
           .
           Caesar
           ,
           taking
           this
           occasion
           ,
           and
           being
           ambitious
           to
           have
           the
           honour
           of
           being
           the
           first
           Roman
           that
           ever
           passed
           this
           River
           with
           an
           Army
           ,
           he
           built
           a
           Bridg
           over
           it
           ,
           though
           the
           River
           were
           very
           broad
           ,
           and
           ran
           with
           a
           violent
           streame
           ,
           and
           especially
           there
           where
           he
           built
           the
           Bridge
           :
           and
           the
           Barbarians
           casting
           great
           Trees
           into
           the
           River
           ,
           they
           were
           carried
           down
           with
           such
           violence
           
           that
           by
           their
           great
           blowes
           they
           did
           sore
           shake
           the
           Posts
           of
           the
           Bridge
           ,
           to
           prevent
           which
           ,
           and
           to
           abate
           the
           sury
           of
           the
           streame
           ,
           Caesar
           caused
           a
           Pile
           to
           be
           made
           a
           good
           way
           above
           the
           Bridge
           ,
           which
           was
           forcibly
           rammed
           into
           the
           bottom
           of
           the
           River
           ,
           so
           that
           in
           ten
           dayes
           space
           he
           had
           finished
           his
           Bridge
           of
           goodly
           Carpenters
           work
           :
           A
           very
           rare
           invention
           as
           could
           be
           possibly
           devised
           .
        
         
           Then
           passing
           his
           Army
           over
           this
           Bridge
           ,
           he
           found
           none
           that
           durst
           fight
           with
           him
           :
           For
           the
           Suevians
           who
           were
           
           the
           most
           Warlike
           People
           of
           the
           Germans
           ,
           had
           retired
           themselves
           and
           goods
           into
           great
           Valleys
           ,
           Bogs
           ,
           Woods
           ,
           and
           Forrests
           .
           Caesar
           therefore
           having
           burnt
           up
           the
           enemies
           Country
           ,
           and
           confirmed
           the
           League
           with
           the
           consederates
           of
           the
           Romans
           ,
           he
           returned
           back
           into
           Gaul
           .
           About
           this
           time
           also
           he
           made
           a
           journey
           into
           England
           ,
           being
           the
           first
           that
           sailed
           the
           Westerne
           Ocean
           with
           an
           Army
           ,
           and
           that
           passed
           through
           the
           Atlantick
           Sea
           to
           
           make
           War
           in
           this
           great
           and
           famous
           Island
           ,
           and
           was
           the
           first
           that
           enlarged
           the
           Roman
           Empire
           beyond
           the
           habitable
           Earth
           .
           For
           he
           twice
           passed
           the
           Seas
           out
           of
           France
           into
           England
           ,
           where
           he
           fought
           many
           Battels
           with
           the
           Brittans
           ,
           in
           which
           he
           did
           more
           hurt
           to
           the
           enemies
           ,
           than
           enrich
           his
           own
           men
           :
           therefore
           this
           War
           had
           not
           such
           successe
           as
           he
           expected
           ,
           which
           made
           him
           onely
           to
           take
           pledges
           of
           the
           King
           and
           to
           impose
           a
           yearly
           Tribute
           upon
           him
           ,
           and
           so
           returned
           back
           into
           Gaul
           .
        
         
           He
           was
           no
           sooner
           landed
           there
           ,
           but
           he
           met
           with
           Letters
           which
           advertised
           from
           Rome
           of
           the
           death
           of
           his
           
           Daughter
           ,
           the
           Wife
           of
           Pompey
           ,
           for
           which
           they
           both
           of
           them
           were
           very
           sorrowfull
           :
           and
           by
           this
           meanes
           the
           league
           betwixt
           Pompey
           and
           Caesar
           was
           broken
           ,
           to
           the
           great
           prejudice
           of
           the
           Commonwealth
           .
           Caesars
           Army
           being
           very
           great
           ,
           he
           sent
           it
           into
           severall
           Garrisons
           for
           their
           Winter
           Quarters
           ,
           and
           returned
           into
           Italy
           ,
           as
           he
           used
           to
           do
           .
           During
           which
           time
           all
           Gaul
           rebelled
           again
           ,
           and
           had
           raised
           great
           Armies
           ,
           who
           were
           led
           by
           one
           Ambiorix
           .
           
           These
           did
           first
           set
           upon
           the
           Garrisons
           of
           Caetta
           ,
           and
           Titurius
           ,
           whom
           they
           slew
           together
           with
           all
           their
           men
           .
           Then
           they
           went
           with
           sixty
           thousand
           men
           ,
           and
           besieged
           the
           Garrison
           which
           
             Quintus
             Cicero
          
           had
           in
           charge
           ,
           and
           had
           almost
           taken
           it
           by
           storme
           ,
           Ciceroes
           Souldiers
           being
           all
           wounded
           ,
           yet
           they
           shewed
           such
           valour
           that
           they
           did
           more
           than
           men
           in
           their
           own
           defence
           .
           This
           newes
           comming
           to
           Caesar
           ,
           who
           was
           far
           off
           ,
           he
           returned
           with
           all
           possible
           speed
           ,
           and
           levying
           seven
           thousand
           Souldiers
           ,
           he
           hasted
           to
           relieve
           Cicero
           that
           was
           in
           great
           distresse
           .
           The
           Gauls
           that
           besieged
           him
           ,
           hearing
           of
           Caesars
           comming
           ,
           arose
           ,
           and
           went
           to
           meet
           him
           ,
           making
           little
           account
           of
           his
           small
           number
           :
           Caesar
           to
           entrap
           them
           ,
           still
           drew
           back
           ,
           making
           as
           though
           he
           fled
           from
           them
           ,
           but
           still
           lodging
           in
           plaees
           of
           safety
           ,
           and
           commanded
           his
           men
           that
           they
           should
           not
           stirre
           out
           to
           skirmish
           with
           them
           ,
           but
           rather
           to
           raise
           the
           ramparts
           of
           his
           Camp
           ,
           and
           to
           fortifie
           the
           Gates
           ,
           as
           men
           affraid
           ,
           that
           their
           enemies
           might
           the
           lesse
           esteeme
           them
           :
           But
           at
           length
           ,
           he
           took
           the
           opportunity
           when
           the
           enemies
           came
           in
           a
           disordered
           manner
           to
           assault
           his
           Camp
           ,
           and
           
           then
           sallying
           out
           ,
           he
           routed
           ,
           and
           slew
           a
           great
           number
           of
           them
           .
        
         
           This
           Act
           suppressed
           all
           the
           rebellions
           of
           the
           Gauls
           in
           those
           parts
           :
           Himself
           also
           went
           in
           the
           midst
           of
           Winter
           in
           those
           places
           where
           they
           did
           Rebel
           ▪
           for
           now
           he
           had
           a
           new
           supply
           out
           of
           Italy
           of
           three
           whole
           Legions
           to
           fill
           up
           the
           rooms
           of
           those
           that
           were
           slaine
           ,
           of
           which
           Pompey
           lent
           him
           two
           ,
           and
           the
           other
           Legion
           was
           raised
           about
           the
           River
           Po.
           Shortly
           after
           there
           brake
           out
           the
           greatest
           and
           most
           dangerous
           War
           that
           ever
           he
           had
           in
           Gaul
           ,
           which
           had
           been
           long
           designed
           by
           the
           chiefest
           and
           most
           Warlike
           People
           in
           all
           that
           Country
           ,
           who
           had
           a
           very
           great
           Army
           ,
           leavying
           multitudes
           of
           men
           ,
           and
           much
           Treasure
           to
           fortifie
           their
           strong
           holds
           :
           The
           Country
           where
           thy
           were
           was
           very
           hard
           to
           come
           into
           ,
           especially
           then
           in
           the
           Winter
           when
           the
           Rivers
           were
           high
           ,
           and
           the
           Woods
           and
           Forrests
           covered
           with
           Snow
           ,
           
           the
           meddowes
           drowned
           with
           floods
           ,
           and
           the
           Snow
           so
           deep
           that
           no
           wayes
           could
           be
           discerned
           ,
           all
           which
           might
           have
           discouraged
           Caesar
           from
           setting
           upon
           them
           :
           the
           rather
           ,
           because
           many
           Nations
           joyned
           in
           this
           conspiracy
           ,
           of
           whom
           the
           chief
           were
           the
           Vernians
           ,
           and
           the
           Carnutes
           ,
           who
           had
           chosed
           
             Vercing
             entorix
          
           for
           their
           Captain
           .
           He
           divided
           his
           Army
           into
           divers
           places
           ,
           under
           divers
           Captaines
           ,
           and
           drawn
           into
           his
           assistance
           all
           the
           Nations
           as
           far
           as
           to
           the
           Adriatiek
           Sea
           :
           So
           that
           if
           he
           had
           tarried
           a
           little
           longer
           till
           Caesar
           had
           been
           ingaged
           in
           his
           Wars
           with
           Pompey
           ,
           he
           had
           put
           all
           Italy
           into
           great
           fear
           and
           danger
           .
        
         
           But
           Caesar
           ,
           who
           knew
           his
           advantages
           ,
           and
           how
           to
           take
           the
           best
           opportunities
           ,
           as
           soon
           as
           he
           heard
           of
           this
           Rebellion
           ,
           he
           hasted
           towards
           them
           ,
           intending
           to
           let
           
           them
           know
           ,
           that
           they
           had
           to
           do
           with
           an
           Army
           that
           was
           invincible
           ,
           and
           which
           they
           could
           not
           possibly
           withstand
           ,
           seeing
           they
           had
           marched
           with
           such
           speed
           in
           so
           hard
           a
           Winter
           .
           This
           made
           them
           wonder
           when
           they
           saw
           him
           burning
           and
           destroying
           their
           Country
           ,
           when
           they
           thought
           him
           far
           off
           .
           Such
           Towns
           and
           strong
           Forts
           as
           yeilded
           to
           him
           ,
           he
           received
           to
           mercy
           .
           But
           the
           Hedui
           ,
           who
           used
           to
           be
           stiled
           the
           Brethren
           of
           the
           Romans
           ,
           taking
           Armes
           against
           him
           ,
           much
           discouraged
           his
           men
           :
           wherefore
           Caesar
           went
           through
           the
           Country
           of
           the
           Lingones
           to
           enter
           into
           Burgundy
           ,
           who
           were
           confederates
           with
           the
           Romans
           .
           Thither
           the
           enemies
           followed
           him
           ,
           endeavouring
           to
           compasse
           him
           in
           on
           every
           side
           .
           Caesar
           tarried
           their
           comming
           ,
           and
           then
           fighting
           with
           them
           a
           long
           time
           ,
           he
           at
           last
           overcame
           them
           .
           Of
           
           those
           which
           fled
           ,
           most
           of
           them
           together
           with
           their
           King
           got
           into
           the
           City
           of
           Alexia
           ,
           which
           Caesar
           presently
           besieged
           ,
           though
           it
           seemed
           inexpugnable
           ,
           both
           in
           regard
           of
           the
           hight
           of
           the
           Walls
           ,
           and
           the
           many
           hands
           to
           defend
           them
           .
           During
           this
           siege
           Caesar
           fell
           into
           a
           very
           great
           danger
           :
           For
           three
           hundred
           thousand
           of
           the
           best
           Souldiers
           amongst
           the
           Gauls
           came
           against
           him
           ,
           besides
           those
           within
           the
           City
           ,
           who
           were
           seventy
           thousand
           fighting
           men
           ,
           so
           that
           finding
           himself
           to
           be
           shut
           in
           between
           
           two
           such
           mighty
           Armies
           ,
           he
           was
           faign
           to
           fortifie
           himself
           with
           two
           Walls
           :
           One
           against
           those
           within
           Alexia
           ,
           and
           the
           other
           against
           those
           without
           .
           And
           truly
           the
           Battell
           which
           he
           wan
           at
           this
           place
           ,
           gat
           him
           more
           honour
           than
           any
           other
           that
           ever
           he
           fought
           before
           .
           For
           in
           this
           extream
           danger
           he
           shewed
           more
           Valour
           and
           Wisdom
           ,
           and
           courage
           than
           in
           any
           other
           .
           And
           this
           was
           wondefull
           ,
           that
           they
           within
           the
           City
           neheard
           of
           their
           Friends
           that
           came
           to
           assist
           them
           ,
           till
           Caesar
           had
           overcome
           them
           :
           Yea
           ,
           Caesars
           own
           men
           that
           guarded
           the
           Wall
           against
           the
           City
           ,
           knew
           nothing
           of
           the
           Battell
           till
           they
           heard
           the
           cries
           and
           lamentations
           of
           those
           in
           the
           City
           ,
           when
           they
           saw
           the
           Romans
           bring
           into
           their
           Camp
           such
           a
           number
           of
           Shields
           glistering
           with
           Gold
           and
           Silver
           ,
           such
           store
           of
           bloudy
           Corslets
           ,
           and
           Armour
           ,
           such
           a
           deal
           of
           Plate
           ,
           and
           movables
           ,
           and
           such
           a
           number
           of
           Tents
           ,
           and
           Pavilions
           of
           the
           Gauls
           which
           the
           Romans
           had
           gotten
           of
           their
           spoiles
           .
           Thus
           the
           greatest
           part
           of
           this
           huge
           Army
           were
           slain
           :
           and
           as
           for
           those
           within
           the
           City
           ,
           when
           they
           had
           done
           and
           received
           much
           hurt
           ,
           they
           at
           last
           ,
           yeilded
           ,
           and
           
             Vercing
             entorix
          
           ,
           went
           out
           of
           the
           City
           richly
           Armed
           ,
           and
           his
           Horse
           furnished
           with
           brave
           ,
           and
           glittering
           Caparisons
           ,
           and
           rode
           about
           ,
           Caesar
           who
           sat
           in
           his
           Chair
           of
           State.
           Then
           allighting
           ,
           he
           took
           off
           the
           Caparisons
           ,
           and
           stript
           himself
           of
           his
           Armour
           ,
           and
           prostrated
           himself
           on
           the
           Ground
           ,
           and
           then
           went
           and
           sat
           down
           at
           Caesars
           feet
           ,
           speaking
           never
           a
           word
           .
           Caesar
           after
           a
           while
           committed
           him
           to
           Prison
           to
           be
           led
           in
           his
           Triumph
           at
           Rome
           .
        
         
           Now
           Caesar
           had
           long
           since
           projected
           the
           distruction
           of
           
           Pompey
           ,
           as
           Pompey
           had
           done
           the
           like
           for
           him
           .
           Nothing
           kept
           Caesar
           from
           being
           the
           Greatest
           Person
           but
           Pompey
           the
           Great
           ,
           and
           nothing
           kept
           Pompey
           from
           being
           supreame
           but
           Caesar.
           Hitherto
           Pompey
           had
           set
           light
           by
           Caesar
           ,
           thinking
           that
           he
           could
           crush
           him
           when
           he
           pleased
           :
           But
           Caesar
           went
           more
           cunningly
           to
           work
           :
           for
           to
           attaine
           his
           end
           ,
           he
           procured
           to
           be
           sent
           into
           Gaul
           ,
           where
           he
           exercised
           and
           hardened
           his
           Army
           ,
           and
           by
           his
           valiant
           deeds
           
           purchased
           fame
           and
           honour
           :
           so
           that
           now
           he
           lacked
           nothing
           but
           an
           occasion
           to
           put
           his
           design
           in
           practise
           ,
           which
           Pompey
           partly
           gave
           him
           ,
           and
           the
           iniquity
           of
           the
           times
           much
           surthered
           it
           .
           For
           such
           as
           sued
           for
           honours
           and
           Offices
           ,
           bought
           the
           voices
           of
           the
           People
           shamefully
           ,
           who
           therefore
           came
           to
           the
           Market-place
           ,
           not
           to
           give
           their
           voices
           ,
           but
           with
           Bowes
           ,
           and
           Slings
           ,
           and
           Swords
           :
           and
           the
           Assembly
           seldom
           brake
           up
           ,
           but
           the
           Pulpit
           for
           Orations
           was
           besprinkled
           with
           the
           bloud
           of
           the
           slaine
           ,
           so
           that
           many
           Wise
           men
           believed
           ,
           that
           there
           was
           no
           
           other
           cure
           of
           these
           evils
           but
           by
           putting
           the
           supreame
           authority
           into
           one
           mans
           hand
           ;
           and
           many
           wished
           that
           Pompey
           were
           the
           man
           :
           But
           he
           seemed
           to
           decline
           it
           ,
           though
           cunningly
           under
           hand
           he
           laboured
           to
           be
           chosen
           Dictator
           .
        
         
           Cato
           smelling
           his
           drift
           ,
           perswaded
           the
           Senate
           rather
           to
           make
           him
           sole
           Consul
           ,
           thereby
           to
           satisfy
           his
           ambition
           :
           
           This
           was
           done
           accordingly
           ,
           and
           the
           time
           also
           for
           the
           Gevernment
           of
           his
           Provinces
           was
           prorogued
           :
           they
           allowed
           him
           also
           a
           thousand
           Talents
           yearly
           out
           of
           the
           publick
           Treasury
           wherewith
           to
           pay
           his
           Souldiers
           .
           Hereupon
           Caesar
           took
           occasion
           to
           send
           his
           men
           to
           Rome
           ,
           to
           sue
           in
           his
           name
           for
           the
           Consulship
           ,
           and
           for
           the
           prolonging
           of
           his
           Government
           .
           This
           was
           too
           indiscreetly
           opposed
           by
           Marcellus
           and
           Lentulu
           ,
           and
           many
           things
           were
           spoken
           in
           his
           disgrace
           .
           They
           took
           away
           also
           the
           freedom
           from
           the
           Collonies
           which
           Caesar
           had
           lately
           granted
           them
           .
           And
           when
           Marcellus
           was
           Consul
           ,
           he
           caused
           one
           of
           those
           Senators
           to
           be
           whipt
           ,
           saying
           ,
           that
           he
           gave
           him
           those
           marks
           ,
           that
           he
           might
           be
           known
           to
           be
           no
           Citizen
           of
           Rome
           ;
           and
           bad
           him
           go
           and
           tell
           Caesar
           of
           it
           .
        
         
           Shortly
           after
           Caesar
           opened
           his
           Treasures
           which
           he
           had
           got
           in
           Gaul
           ,
           and
           gave
           it
           freely
           among
           the
           Magistrates
           of
           Rome
           .
           He
           set
           Curio
           the
           Tribune
           ,
           cleer
           out
           of
           debt
           :
           He
           gave
           to
           the
           Consul
           Paul
           fifteen
           hundred
           Talents
           ,
           wherewith
           he
           built
           a
           stately
           Theater
           .
           Pompey
           now
           beginning
           to
           fear
           ,
           laboured
           to
           have
           a
           successour
           
           sent
           to
           Caesar
           ,
           and
           withall
           sent
           for
           his
           two
           Legions
           ,
           which
           Caesar
           returned
           to
           him
           ,
           bountifully
           rewarding
           every
           Souldier
           :
           and
           they
           which
           brought
           these
           Legions
           back
           ,
           disgraced
           Caesar
           all
           they
           could
           ,
           and
           told
           Pompey
           that
           if
           Caesar's
           Souldiers
           did
           but
           once
           see
           him
           ,
           they
           would
           all
           forsake
           Caesar
           and
           cleave
           to
           him
           .
           This
           made
           Pompey
           
           more
           secure
           ,
           that
           he
           neglected
           to
           prepare
           for
           War.
           One
           of
           Caesar's
           Captaines
           coming
           to
           Rome
           ,
           and
           moving
           the
           Senate
           to
           have
           his
           government
           prorogued
           ,
           they
           delaying
           their
           answer
           ,
           he
           laid
           his
           hand
           upon
           his
           Sword
           ,
           and
           said
           ,
           
             Sith
             you
             will
             not
             grant
             it
             him
             ,
             this
             shall
             give
             it
             him
             .
             Caesar
          
           seemed
           to
           be
           very
           reasonable
           in
           what
           he
           requested
           ,
           For
           he
           said
           ,
           that
           whilest
           they
           required
           him
           to
           lay
           down
           Armes
           for
           fear
           of
           a
           Tyranny
           ,
           and
           yet
           permitted
           Pompey
           to
           keep
           his
           ,
           they
           went
           about
           to
           establish
           a
           Tyranny
           .
        
         
           Curio
           in
           the
           name
           of
           Caesar
           moved
           before
           all
           the
           People
           ,
           that
           both
           should
           be
           commanded
           to
           lay
           down
           Armes
           ,
           which
           motion
           was
           entertained
           with
           great
           joy
           and
           claping
           of
           hands
           by
           the
           People
           ,
           who
           threw
           nose-gayes
           ,
           and
           flowers
           upon
           him
           for
           it
           .
           Then
           Anthony
           one
           of
           the
           Tribunes
           ,
           
           brought
           a
           letter
           from
           Caesar
           ,
           and
           read
           it
           before
           the
           People
           in
           spite
           of
           the
           Consuls
           ,
           wherein
           hae
           desired
           that
           they
           would
           grant
           him
           Gaul
           on
           this
           side
           the
           Alps
           ,
           and
           Illyria
           with
           two
           Legions
           onely
           ,
           and
           then
           he
           would
           desire
           no
           more
           :
           But
           Scipio
           the
           Father
           in
           Law
           of
           Pompey
           ,
           moved
           in
           the
           Senate
           ,
           that
           if
           Caesar
           did
           not
           dismiss
           his
           Army
           by
           a
           day
           appointed
           ,
           that
           then
           he
           should
           be
           proclaimed
           an
           enemy
           to
           
             Rome
             ,
             Marccilus
          
           also
           added
           ,
           that
           they
           must
           use
           force
           of
           Armes
           and
           not
           Arguments
           against
           a
           Thief
           ;
           whereupon
           the
           Senate
           rose
           without
           determining
           any
           thing
           ,
           and
           every
           one
           put
           on
           his
           mourning
           apparrell
           as
           in
           the
           time
           of
           a
           common
           calamity
           .
           Cirero
           being
           newly
           come
           from
           his
           Government
           in
           Cilicia
           ,
           took
           much
           pains
           to
           reconcile
           them
           together
           ,
           and
           perswaded
           Pompey
           all
           he
           could
           ,
           who
           told
           him
           that
           he
           would
           yield
           to
           whatsoever
           he
           desired
           ,
           so
           he
           would
           let
           him
           alone
           with
           his
           Army
           :
           But
           Lentulus
           the
           Consul
           shamefully
           drave
           Curio
           and
           Anthony
           out
           of
           the
           Senate
           ,
           who
           were
           in
           such
           
           danger
           that
           they
           were
           faigne
           to
           fly
           out
           of
           Rome
           to
           Caesar
           ,
           disguised
           in
           a
           Carriers
           coat
           .
           This
           gave
           Caesar
           great
           advantage
           ,
           and
           much
           incensed
           his
           men
           ,
           when
           they
           saw
           and
           heard
           how
           his
           Friends
           were
           abused
           .
        
         
           Caesar
           at
           this
           time
           had
           about
           him
           but
           five
           thousand
           
           Foot
           ,
           and
           three
           thousand
           Horse
           ,
           having
           left
           the
           rest
           of
           his
           Army
           on
           the
           other
           side
           of
           the
           Alps
           ,
           to
           be
           brought
           after
           him
           by
           his
           Lieutenants
           :
           Judging
           it
           better
           suddenly
           to
           steal
           upon
           them
           at
           Rome
           ,
           then
           to
           assail
           them
           with
           his
           whole
           Army
           ,
           which
           would
           require
           time
           ,
           &
           give
           his
           enemies
           opportunity
           to
           strengthen
           themselves
           against
           him
           .
           He
           therefore
           commanded
           his
           Captains
           to
           go
           before
           ,
           and
           to
           take
           in
           the
           City
           of
           Ariminum
           (
           a
           great
           City
           on
           this
           side
           the
           Alps
           )
           with
           as
           little
           bloodshed
           as
           might
           be
           .
           Then
           committing
           the
           rest
           of
           those
           Souldiers
           which
           he
           had
           with
           him
           ,
           to
           Hortensius
           ,
           he
           spent
           a
           whole
           day
           in
           seeing
           the
           sword
           players
           exercise
           before
           him
           .
           At
           night
           he
           went
           unto
           his
           lodging
           ,
           where
           having
           bathed
           himself
           a
           little
           ,
           he
           came
           into
           the
           Hall
           ,
           and
           made
           merry
           with
           those
           whom
           he
           had
           bidden
           to
           supper
           .
           Then
           rising
           from
           the
           Table
           ,
           he
           prayed
           his
           Guests
           to
           be
           merry
           ,
           and
           he
           would
           come
           again
           to
           them
           presently
           :
           howbeit
           he
           had
           secretly
           before
           directed
           his
           most
           trusty
           Friends
           to
           follow
           him
           :
           not
           all
           together
           ,
           but
           some
           one
           way
           ,
           &
           some
           another
           .
           Himself
           in
           the
           mean
           time
           took
           a
           Coach
           that
           he
           had
           hired
           ,
           and
           pretending
           at
           first
           to
           go
           another
           way
           ,
           he
           suddenly
           turned
           towards
           Ariminum
           .
        
         
           But
           when
           he
           came
           to
           the
           River
           of
           Rubicorn
           ,
           which
           divides
           the
           hither
           Gaul
           from
           Italy
           ,
           he
           suddenly
           made
           a
           stop
           (
           for
           if
           he
           once
           passed
           that
           ,
           there
           could
           be
           no
           hope
           of
           peace
           )
           considering
           with
           himself
           of
           what
           importance
           this
           passage
           was
           ,
           and
           what
           miseries
           would
           ensue
           upon
           it
           .
           Some
           say
           that
           he
           spake
           thus
           to
           his
           Friends
           :
           
             Doubtlesse
             if
             I
             forbear
             to
             pass
             over
             this
             River
             ,
             it
             will
             be
             the
             beginning
             of
             my
             ruine
             ;
             if
             I
             passe
             it
             ,
             the
             ruine
             will
             be
             generall
             :
          
           Then
           turning
           towards
           the
           River
           ,
           he
           said
           ,
           
             It
             is
             yet
             in
             our
             power
             to
             turn
             back
             ,
             but
             if
             we
             passe
             the
             River
             we
             must
             make
             our
             way
             with
             our
             Weapons
             .
          
           Some
           say
           ,
           that
           Coesar
           standing
           thus
           
           doubtfull
           ,
           he
           was
           encouraged
           by
           the
           apparition
           of
           a
           man
           of
           a
           very
           great
           stature
           ,
           piping
           upon
           a
           reed
           ,
           whereupon
           many
           of
           the
           Souldiers
           and
           some
           Trumpetters
           went
           neer
           to
           hear
           him
           ,
           and
           that
           he
           catching
           one
           of
           their
           Trumpets
           ,
           leaped
           into
           the
           River
           ,
           sounding
           to
           the
           Battel
           with
           a
           mighty
           blast
           ,
           and
           so
           passed
           on
           to
           the
           farther
           side
           of
           the
           River
           :
           Whereupon
           Caesar
           ,
           with
           a
           furious
           resolution
           ,
           cryed
           out
           ,
           
             Let
             us
             go
             (
             whether
             the
             Gods
             ,
             )
             and
             the
             injurious
             dealing
             of
             our
             enemies
             ,
             do
             call
             us
             .
             The
             Dice
             are
             cast
             .
             I
             have
             set
             up
             my
             Rest
             ,
             Come
             what
             will
             of
             it
             :
          
           After
           
           which
           he
           set
           spurs
           to
           his
           Horse
           ,
           and
           passed
           the
           River
           his
           Army
           following
           him
           .
        
         
           Caesar
           having
           passed
           the
           River
           and
           drawn
           his
           Army
           together
           ,
           he
           made
           an
           Oration
           to
           them
           ,
           shedding
           some
           tears
           ,
           and
           tearing
           his
           Garment
           down
           the
           Breast
           ,
           laying
           before
           them
           the
           equity
           of
           his
           cause
           ,
           and
           craying
           their
           assistance
           .
           To
           whom
           ,
           having
           with
           a
           generall
           applause
           and
           consent
           made
           answer
           ;
           that
           they
           were
           ready
           to
           obey
           his
           will
           ,
           he
           presently
           marched
           on
           and
           came
           the
           next
           day
           to
           Ariminum
           ,
           upon
           which
           he
           seized
           .
           The
           like
           he
           did
           to
           all
           the
           Towns
           and
           Castles
           as
           he
           passed
           on
           ,
           till
           he
           came
           to
           Corfinium
           which
           was
           held
           by
           Domitius
           ,
           who
           in
           a
           factious
           tumult
           had
           been
           nominated
           for
           his
           successour
           in
           the
           Government
           of
           Gaul
           .
           This
           being
           taken
           ,
           he
           pardoned
           the
           Souldiers
           ,
           and
           Inhabitants
           ,
           and
           used
           Domitius
           kindly
           ,
           giving
           him
           leave
           to
           depart
           (
           who
           went
           straight
           to
           Pompey
           )
           by
           which
           clemency
           he
           purchased
           to
           himself
           much
           honour
           .
           These
           thirty
           Cohorts
           he
           kept
           with
           him
           .
        
         
           Caesars
           resolution
           being
           known
           at
           Rome
           ,
           it
           troubled
           Pompey
           ,
           amazed
           the
           Senate
           ,
           and
           terrified
           the
           common
           People
           .
           Pompey
           now
           found
           himself
           deceived
           ,
           who
           before
           could
           not
           believe
           that
           Caesar
           would
           thrust
           himself
           into
           so
           great
           danger
           ,
           or
           that
           he
           could
           be
           able
           to
           raise
           sufficient
           forces
           to
           resist
           him
           :
           but
           the
           success
           proved
           otherwise
           .
           For
           though
           Pompey
           had
           authority
           from
           the
           Consuls
           and
           Senate
           to
           leavy
           Souldiers
           ,
           to
           call
           home
           his
           Legions
           ,
           and
           to
           send
           Captains
           for
           the
           defence
           of
           those
           
           Cities
           in
           Italy
           by
           which
           Caesar
           should
           passe
           ,
           yet
           all
           this
           was
           not
           sufficient
           to
           resist
           his
           fury
           ,
           and
           the
           power
           that
           he
           brought
           with
           him
           .
           The
           fame
           of
           Caesars
           comming
           increasing
           daily
           ,
           Pompey
           ,
           with
           the
           whole
           Senate
           
           left
           Rome
           ,
           going
           to
           Capua
           ,
           and
           from
           thence
           to
           Brundusium
           ,
           a
           Sea
           Town
           seated
           at
           the
           mouth
           of
           the
           Gulph
           of
           Vinic●
           ,
           where
           he
           ordered
           the
           Consuls
           to
           passe
           to
           Dyrrachium
           ,
           (
           now
           Durazzo
           )
           a
           Sea
           Town
           of
           Macedonia
           ,
           there
           to
           unite
           all
           their
           forces
           ,
           being
           out
           of
           hope
           to
           resist
           Caesar
           in
           Italy
           ,
           who
           had
           already
           taken
           Corfinium
           ,
           where
           ,
           having
           drawn
           Domitius's
           thirty
           Cohorts
           to
           serve
           him
           ,
           he
           marched
           on
           ,
           and
           hearing
           that
           Pompey
           and
           the
           Consuls
           were
           at
           Brundusium
           ,
           he
           hasted
           towards
           them
           with
           his
           Legions
           with
           all
           possible
           speed
           .
           But
           Pompey
           ,
           though
           
           he
           had
           fortified
           the
           Town
           sufficiently
           for
           his
           defence
           ,
           yet
           when
           Caesar
           began
           to
           invest
           the
           Town
           ,
           he
           imbarked
           himself
           and
           his
           men
           in
           the
           night
           time
           ,
           and
           so
           passed
           over
           to
           Dyrrachium
           ,
           to
           the
           Consuls
           .
           Thus
           Caesar
           injoyed
           Italy
           without
           opposition
           ,
           yet
           was
           he
           doubtfull
           what
           to
           resolve
           on
           :
           He
           would
           gladly
           have
           followed
           Pompey
           but
           wanted
           Shipping
           ,
           and
           it
           being
           Winter
           ,
           he
           knew
           that
           Ships
           could
           not
           be
           procured
           so
           soon
           as
           was
           requisite
           :
           and
           considering
           with
           all
           ,
           that
           it
           was
           not
           safe
           to
           leave
           an
           enemy
           behind
           him
           ,
           which
           might
           cause
           an
           alteration
           in
           France
           ,
           or
           Italy
           ;
           he
           resolved
           first
           to
           go
           into
           Spain
           ,
           which
           held
           for
           Pompey
           ,
           and
           where
           he
           had
           his
           best
           Legions
           under
           the
           command
           of
           Petreius
           and
           Afranius
           ,
           saying
           to
           his
           Friends
           ,
           
             Let
             us
             go
             against
             an
             Army
             which
             wants
             a
             Captain
             ,
             and
             afterwards
             we
             will
             go
             against
             a
             Captain
             that
             wants
             an
             Army
             .
          
           For
           Pompeys
           Souldiers
           in
           Spain
           were
           very
           valiant
           ,
           and
           had
           been
           long
           exercised
           in
           Armes
           ,
           but
           their
           Commanders
           were
           neither
           Politick
           ,
           nor
           expert
           in
           War.
           But
           on
           the
           contrary
           ,
           Pompey
           was
           a
           most
           Wise
           and
           Valiant
           Captain
           ,
           but
           his
           Souldiers
           were
           newly
           levied
           ,
           and
           of
           small
           experience
           .
           
        
         
           Caesar
           returning
           from
           Brundusium
           ,
           in
           sixty
           dayes
           space
           became
           Lord
           of
           all
           Italy
           ,
           and
           when
           he
           came
           to
           Rome
           ,
           the
           People
           were
           in
           great
           fear
           ,
           remembring
           the
           Miseries
           they
           
           had
           suffered
           under
           Sylla
           :
           But
           Caesar
           using
           his
           accustomed
           clemency
           ,
           hurt
           no
           man
           ,
           high
           nor
           low
           :
           He
           called
           the
           Senators
           together
           which
           remained
           there
           ,
           comforting
           them
           with
           milde
           and
           good
           words
           ;
           and
           laying
           the
           whole
           fault
           upon
           Pompey
           ,
           he
           fought
           to
           justifie
           his
           own
           cause
           ,
           declaring
           how
           much
           he
           desired
           Peace
           ,
           with
           all
           ,
           requsting
           that
           Abassadours
           might
           be
           sent
           to
           Pompey
           to
           procure
           the
           same
           :
           And
           causing
           himself
           presently
           to
           be
           chosen
           Consul
           ,
           he
           opened
           the
           Treasury
           ,
           though
           Metellus
           ,
           one
           of
           the
           Tribunes
           of
           the
           people
           ,
           opposed
           him
           ,
           and
           the
           Treasure
           which
           he
           took
           from
           thence
           ,
           which
           was
           very
           great
           ,
           he
           distributed
           amongst
           his
           Souldiers
           .
        
         
           Then
           was
           he
           desirous
           to
           go
           into
           Spain
           ,
           first
           taking
           order
           for
           the
           Civill
           Government
           :
           and
           making
           choise
           of
           the
           Legions
           which
           should
           go
           with
           him
           ,
           he
           left
           the
           rest
           in
           Brundusium
           ,
           and
           Otranto
           ,
           and
           other
           strong
           places
           upon
           the
           Sea
           Coast
           ,
           to
           keep
           Pompey
           from
           landing
           if
           he
           should
           attempt
           to
           return
           into
           Italy
           .
           He
           also
           made
           Hortensius
           ,
           and
           Dolabella
           his
           Captaines
           to
           provide
           Shipping
           to
           be
           brought
           into
           the
           Port
           of
           Brundusium
           ,
           there
           to
           be
           in
           a
           readinesse
           against
           his
           return
           from
           
             Spain
             :
             Quintus
             Valerius
          
           he
           sent
           with
           a
           Legion
           into
           Sardinia
           against
           
             Marcus
             Cotta
          
           which
           held
           the
           same
           for
           Pompey
           .
           To
           Sicily
           he
           sent
           Curius
           ,
           and
           
             Marcus
             Cate
          
           ,
           with
           direction
           that
           having
           taken
           the
           same
           ,
           he
           should
           passe
           over
           into
           
             Africk
             .
             Lepidus
          
           he
           sent
           to
           Rome
           ,
           as
           Prefect
           thereof
           ,
           and
           
             Mark
             Anthony
          
           he
           made
           Governour
           of
           all
           Italy
           :
           And
           resolving
           to
           leave
           
             Licinius
             Crassus
          
           in
           France
           ,
           with
           his
           acustomed
           celerity
           he
           went
           on
           his
           journey
           ,
           finding
           no
           resistance
           ,
           neither
           in
           Italy
           nor
           France
           ,
           till
           he
           came
           to
           
           Marcelleis
           ,
           which
           held
           for
           Pompey
           .
           This
           City
           he
           besieged
           ,
           and
           to
           avoid
           losse
           of
           time
           ,
           left
           
             Decius
             Brutus
          
           ,
           and
           
             Caius
             Trebonius
          
           with
           sufficient
           Forces
           ,
           who
           endured
           much
           in
           the
           siege
           :
           himself
           hasted
           into
           Spain
           ,
           where
           ,
           being
           expected
           ,
           Afranius
           and
           Petreius
           attended
           him
           with
           four
           Roman
           Legions
           ,
           and
           the
           aid
           of
           their
           Friends
           ,
           between
           whom
           ,
           and
           Caesar
           the
           War
           continued
           for
           
           some
           while
           ,
           chiefly
           about
           the
           City
           of
           Lerida
           .
        
         
           At
           first
           Caesar
           was
           in
           great
           danger
           and
           much
           distressed
           chiefly
           for
           wans
           of
           Victuals
           ,
           as
           also
           for
           that
           the
           Winter
           was
           come
           on
           ,
           which
           troubled
           him
           with
           the
           swelling
           of
           Rivers
           ,
           before
           and
           after
           which
           ,
           there
           passed
           many
           
           great
           skirmishes
           between
           the
           two
           Armies
           .
           And
           Caesar
           ,
           watching
           his
           opportunities
           ,
           at
           last
           brought
           his
           adversaries
           to
           such
           distresse
           that
           they
           perished
           with
           hunger
           ,
           and
           were
           forced
           to
           come
           to
           a
           composition
           ,
           which
           was
           ,
           that
           the
           Legions
           should
           have
           liberty
           to
           go
           whither
           they
           pleased
           :
           and
           so
           part
           of
           them
           took
           pay
           of
           Caesar
           ,
           the
           rest
           departed
           ,
           and
           Petreius
           ,
           and
           Afcanius
           went
           to
           Pompey
           .
        
         
           This
           War
           being
           ended
           ,
           and
           the
           Spring
           come
           ,
           Caesar
           ,
           that
           he
           might
           leave
           no
           enemy
           behind
           him
           ,
           marched
           into
           the
           Province
           of
           Betica
           (
           now
           Andaluzia
           )
           with
           part
           of
           his
           forces
           ,
           commanding
           the
           rest
           to
           march
           
           whither
           he
           had
           appointed
           ,
           and
           there
           to
           stay
           for
           him
           ,
           because
           
             Marcus
             Varro
          
           held
           that
           Province
           for
           Pompey
           against
           Caesar
           with
           one
           good
           Legion
           :
           But
           he
           ,
           not
           daring
           to
           oppose
           Caesar
           ,
           delivered
           up
           the
           Legion
           to
           him
           ,
           together
           with
           that
           Country
           ,
           and
           all
           was
           pacified
           there
           .
           From
           thence
           Caesar
           went
           to
           Cordova
           ,
           where
           he
           called
           a
           Parliament
           of
           all
           the
           States
           of
           that
           Province
           ,
           in
           which
           he
           highly
           commended
           them
           ,
           and
           those
           of
           Sivil
           for
           taking
           his
           part
           ,
           and
           so
           marching
           forward
           ,
           he
           came
           to
           the
           Isle
           of
           Cadez
           ,
           where
           having
           gotten
           Ships
           in
           readinesse
           ,
           he
           left
           
             Quintus
             Cassius
          
           with
           four
           Legians
           in
           that
           Province
           ,
           and
           so
           embarking
           ,
           he
           went
           to
           Taragona
           ,
           commanding
           his
           Legions
           to
           march
           by
           Land
           thither
           ,
           where
           having
           settled
           his
           affairs
           ,
           he
           advanced
           with
           his
           Army
           towards
           Narbona
           ,
           and
           from
           thence
           to
           Marcelleis
           ,
           which
           now
           
           yeilded
           to
           him
           ,
           having
           endured
           many
           calamities
           during
           the
           Seige
           :
           Caesar
           respecting
           the
           antiquity
           and
           same
           of
           this
           City
           ,
           would
           not
           destroy
           it
           ,
           nor
           the
           Inhabitants
           ,
           but
           leaving
           a
           strong
           Garrison
           in
           it
           ,
           he
           ordered
           his
           Legions
           to
           march
           for
           Italy
           ;
           and
           himself
           ,
           with
           a
           sufficient
           guard
           ,
           and
           some
           of
           his
           Friends
           took
           passage
           by
           Sea
           to
           Rome
           .
        
         
         
           Though
           all
           things
           succeeded
           thus
           well
           with
           Caesar
           ,
           yet
           some
           of
           his
           Captaines
           had
           ill
           sucesse
           .
           For
           
             Caius
             Antonius
          
           ,
           
           whom
           he
           left
           with
           Dolabella
           for
           to
           command
           his
           Navy
           ,
           was
           overthrown
           and
           taken
           Prisoner
           in
           the
           Gulph
           of
           Venice
           by
           Octavius
           ,
           Lieutenant
           to
           Pompey
           .
           In
           which
           overthrow
           this
           was
           very
           remarkable
           :
           Anthony
           was
           faign
           to
           put
           his
           men
           into
           long
           Boates
           for
           want
           of
           Ships
           ,
           which
           were
           taken
           by
           a
           Strategem
           as
           in
           a
           toil
           ,
           by
           the
           Pompeians
           ,
           with
           Ropes
           under
           the
           Water
           .
           One
           of
           them
           which
           had
           in
           it
           a
           Thousand
           valiant
           young
           men
           ,
           being
           thus
           ensnared
           ,
           was
           assaulted
           by
           the
           enemies
           whole
           Army
           ,
           against
           which
           they
           defended
           themselves
           bravely
           from
           morning
           till
           night
           ,
           and
           in
           the
           end
           being
           oppressed
           with
           the
           multitude
           ,
           by
           the
           perswasion
           of
           Valteius
           ,
           their
           Collonel
           ,
           they
           all
           slew
           one
           another
           ,
           rather
           than
           they
           would
           fall
           into
           the
           enemies
           hand
           .
           Dolabella
           was
           likewise
           overthrowne
           neere
           to
           the
           Island
           of
           Coreyra
           (
           now
           Corfu
           :
           )
           and
           Curius
           ,
           who
           went
           with
           his
           two
           Legions
           into
           Africk
           ,
           though
           at
           first
           he
           had
           good
           successe
           ,
           yet
           afterwards
           he
           was
           overthrown
           ,
           and
           most
           of
           his
           men
           slaine
           by
           Jaba
           ,
           King
           of
           
             Mauritania
             ,
             Pompeys
          
           Friend
           .
        
         
           Caesar
           being
           come
           to
           Rome
           and
           made
           Dictator
           ,
           new
           Consuls
           were
           chosen
           ,
           whereof
           he
           being
           one
           layed
           aside
           his
           Dictatorship
           ,
           and
           provided
           Praetors
           for
           the
           Provinces
           as
           himself
           pleased
           .
           He
           sent
           
             Mracus
             Lepidus
          
           into
           
             Spain
             :
             Aulus
             Albinus
          
           into
           
             Sicily
             :
             Sextus
             Peduceius
          
           into
           Sardinia
           ;
           and
           
             Decius
             Brutus
          
           into
           France
           ;
           and
           taking
           such
           further
           order
           as
           he
           thought
           good
           ,
           he
           departed
           from
           Rome
           in
           December
           towards
           Brundusium
           ,
           whither
           he
           commanded
           all
           his
           Forces
           to
           march
           ,
           there
           to
           take
           passage
           for
           Macedonia
           ,
           where
           he
           knew
           that
           Pompey
           staid
           with
           his
           Army
           :
           who
           all
           that
           whole
           year
           that
           Caesar
           spent
           
           in
           his
           journey
           to
           Spain
           ,
           busied
           himself
           to
           provide
           a
           Navy
           wherein
           to
           return
           into
           Italy
           ,
           and
           in
           gathering
           Treasure
           ,
           and
           levying
           Souldiers
           ,
           having
           made
           an
           exceeding
           great
           provision
           of
           all
           things
           .
           For
           there
           came
           unto
           him
           ,
           Ships
           ,
           money
           ,
           and
           men
           from
           sundry
           Kingdomes
           
           and
           Provinces
           both
           of
           Asia
           ,
           and
           Greece
           :
           as
           from
           
             Syria
             ,
             Pontus
             ,
             Bithynia
             ,
             Cilicia
             ,
             Phoeniciae
             ,
             Caeppadocia
             ,
             Pomphilia
             ,
             Armenia
             Minor
             ,
             Aegypt
             ,
             Greece
             ,
             Thessaly
             ,
             Boeotia
             ,
             Achaia
             ,
             Epirus
             ,
             Athens
             ,
             Lacedemonia
             ,
          
           the
           Isles
           of
           Creet
           ,
           and
           Rhodes
           ,
           and
           from
           many
           other
           Countries
           .
           There
           came
           also
           to
           his
           aid
           King
           Deiotarus
           ,
           and
           Aribarzanes
           ,
           of
           all
           which
           ,
           together
           with
           those
           which
           he
           brought
           with
           him
           from
           Italy
           ,
           he
           compounded
           a
           very
           great
           Army
           by
           Land
           ,
           and
           a
           very
           great
           Fleet
           of
           Ships
           and
           Gallyes
           by
           Sea.
           
        
         
           It
           being
           now
           the
           depth
           of
           Winter
           ,
           Pompey
           presuming
           it
           improbable
           ,
           if
           not
           impossible
           for
           Caesar
           to
           passe
           the
           Seas
           to
           him
           ;
           having
           also
           intelligence
           that
           Caesar
           was
           in
           Rome
           ,
           he
           disposed
           of
           his
           Army
           to
           their
           Winter
           Quarters
           in
           Macedonia
           and
           Thessaly
           ;
           and
           himself
           retired
           farther
           from
           the
           Sea
           ,
           commanding
           his
           Sea-Captaines
           (
           of
           whom
           
             Marcus
             Bibulus
          
           was
           chiefe
           )
           to
           guard
           the
           Sea
           coast
           .
           But
           Caesar
           knowing
           that
           in
           the
           speedy
           execution
           consisted
           his
           greatest
           hopes
           of
           Victory
           ,
           and
           that
           occasion
           once
           lost
           could
           hardly
           be
           recovered
           ,
           he
           departed
           from
           Rome
           ,
           and
           came
           to
           Brundusium
           ,
           though
           all
           his
           Legions
           were
           not
           as
           yet
           come
           to
           him
           .
           There
           he
           embarked
           seven
           of
           his
           best
           Legions
           in
           such
           ships
           as
           were
           ready
           ,
           sending
           a
           Command
           to
           the
           rest
           which
           were
           comming
           ,
           to
           hasten
           to
           Brundusium
           ,
           whither
           he
           would
           send
           for
           them
           with
           all
           possible
           speed
           .
           And
           so
           departing
           ,
           he
           crossed
           the
           Seas
           with
           a
           prosperous
           gale
           of
           Wind
           ,
           and
           the
           
           third
           day
           after
           arrived
           upon
           the
           coast
           of
           Macedonia
           ,
           before
           Pompey
           had
           any
           intelligence
           of
           his
           embarking
           .
           There
           he
           safely
           landing
           his
           men
           in
           dispite
           of
           Pompeys
           Captaines
           ,
           and
           commanded
           his
           Ships
           and
           Galleys
           presently
           to
           returne
           to
           Brundusium
           to
           fetch
           ,
           the
           rest
           of
           his
           Army
           .
           Presently
           after
           his
           first
           landing
           ,
           he
           seized
           upon
           the
           Cities
           of
           Appallonia
           ,
           and
           Erico
           ,
           driving
           from
           thence
           
             Lucius
             Torquatus
          
           ,
           and
           
             Lucius
             Straberius
          
           ,
           who
           held
           them
           for
           Pompey
           .
        
         
           Pompey
           hearing
           of
           Caesars
           arrivall
           ,
           sent
           for
           his
           Troops
           which
           were
           neerest
           hand
           with
           all
           speed
           possible
           ,
           with
           
           whom
           he
           marched
           towards
           Dirrachium
           ,
           where
           his
           Victuals
           ,
           ammunition
           ,
           and
           other
           provisions
           for
           the
           War
           lay
           ,
           lest
           Caesar
           should
           go
           and
           surprise
           them
           ,
           which
           indeed
           he
           attempted
           but
           in
           vaine
           ,
           the
           situation
           of
           the
           place
           makeing
           it
           inexpugnable
           .
        
         
           Pompey
           being
           come
           ,
           their
           Camps
           were
           lodged
           within
           
           a
           few
           furlongs
           each
           of
           other
           ,
           where
           he
           passed
           many
           adventurous
           skirmishes
           ,
           and
           also
           some
           Treaties
           of
           Peace
           ,
           offered
           by
           Caesar
           ,
           but
           rejected
           by
           Pompey
           ,
           so
           confident
           he
           was
           of
           his
           own
           power
           .
           In
           the
           interim
           Caesar
           dayly
           expected
           the
           comming
           of
           the
           other
           Legions
           ,
           who
           staying
           longer
           than
           he
           expected
           ,
           he
           resolved
           in
           person
           ,
           with
           three
           Confident
           servants
           ,
           secretly
           to
           embarke
           himself
           in
           a
           Brigandine
           ,
           and
           to
           passe
           that
           streight
           of
           the
           Sea
           and
           to
           fetch
           them
           ,
           hoping
           to
           performe
           the
           same
           without
           the
           knowledge
           of
           any
           .
           And
           accordingly
           ,
           passing
           down
           the
           River
           to
           the
           Sea
           ,
           he
           found
           it
           so
           troublesome
           and
           tempestious
           that
           the
           Master
           of
           his
           Brigandine
           (
           not
           knowing
           whom
           he
           carried
           )
           durst
           not
           adventure
           forth
           ,
           but
           would
           have
           returned
           .
           Then
           Caesar
           discovering
           his
           face
           ,
           said
           ,
           
             Perge
             audactèr
          
           :
           Caesarem
           
             enim
             fers
             ,
             &
             fortunam
          
           
           Caesaris
           :
           Beare
           up
           bravely
           ,
           and
           boldly
           against
           the
           Winds
           and
           Waves
           :
           for
           thou
           carriest
           Caesar
           ,
           and
           all
           his
           Fortunes
           .
           The
           Master
           herewith
           encouraged
           ,
           strove
           all
           that
           possibly
           he
           could
           to
           proceed
           in
           his
           voyage
           :
           but
           the
           force
           of
           the
           Tempest
           was
           so
           great
           ,
           and
           the
           Wind
           so
           contrary
           ,
           that
           do
           what
           possibly
           they
           could
           ,
           they
           were
           driven
           back
           again
           .
        
         
           When
           Caesars
           Army
           heard
           of
           these
           passages
           ,
           they
           much
           wondred
           ,
           grieved
           and
           were
           troubled
           at
           it
           :
           Commending
           him
           more
           for
           his
           Valour
           ,
           than
           for
           his
           Wifedome
           :
           But
           within
           few
           days
           after
           
             M.
             Anthony
          
           arrived
           with
           four
           of
           those
           Legions
           which
           were
           left
           behind
           in
           Italy
           ,
           presently
           returning
           the
           Ships
           back
           for
           the
           rest
           .
           Anthony
           after
           some
           adventures
           ,
           joyned
           with
           Caesars
           Army
           neer
           to
           Dirrachium
           where
           we
           lately
           left
           him
           .
           Frequent
           skirmishes
           still
           continued
           between
           the
           two
           Armies
           ,
           and
           many
           were
           slain
           on
           both
           sides
           ,
           and
           one
           day
           the
           skirmish
           
           was
           so
           hot
           ,
           supplies
           being
           sent
           from
           both
           sides
           ,
           that
           it
           almost
           came
           to
           a
           just
           Battel
           ,
           wherein
           Caesars
           men
           were
           
           so
           beaten
           ,
           that
           they
           fled
           before
           the
           enemies
           ,
           and
           could
           not
           be
           made
           to
           stand
           by
           any
           intreaties
           ,
           or
           menaces
           ,
           till
           they
           were
           come
           into
           their
           Camp
           ,
           which
           they
           had
           strongly
           fortified
           :
           yet
           many
           durst
           not
           trust
           to
           that
           ,
           but
           fled
           out
           of
           it
           :
           But
           Pompey
           either
           because
           he
           imagined
           their
           flight
           to
           be
           faigned
           to
           draw
           him
           into
           an
           Ambush
           ,
           or
           because
           he
           thought
           there
           needed
           no
           more
           to
           be
           done
           ,
           and
           that
           Caesar
           could
           no
           more
           resist
           him
           ,
           he
           neglected
           to
           prosecute
           his
           Victory
           ,
           causing
           a
           retrate
           to
           be
           sounded
           without
           assaulting
           Caesars
           Camp
           ,
           which
           ,
           probably
           ,
           he
           might
           have
           taken
           ,
           and
           made
           an
           end
           of
           the
           War
           that
           day
           .
           Whereupon
           Caesar
           said
           to
           his
           Friends
           :
           
             Truly
             this
             day
             had
             ended
             the
             War
             ,
             if
             our
             enemies
             had
             had
             a
             Captain
             that
             had
             known
             how
             to
             overcome
             .
          
        
         
           At
           this
           time
           Caesar
           lost
           a
           great
           number
           of
           his
           men
           ,
           amongst
           whom
           were
           four
           hundred
           Roman
           Knights
           ,
           ten
           Tribunes
           (
           or
           Collonels
           )
           and
           thirty
           two
           Centurions
           (
           or
           Captaines
           )
           and
           his
           enemies
           took
           for
           from
           him
           thirty
           two
           Ensignes
           .
           Upon
           this
           Victory
           Pompey
           sent
           newes
           thereof
           to
           diverse
           parts
           of
           the
           World
           ,
           holding
           himself
           for
           an
           absolute
           Conquerour
           .
           Caesar
           much
           blamed
           some
           of
           his
           Captaines
           and
           Ensigne
           bearers
           for
           their
           cowardize
           ,
           and
           his
           Army
           were
           so
           grieved
           and
           ashamed
           ,
           that
           they
           much
           importuned
           him
           to
           lead
           them
           forth
           again
           to
           Battell
           :
           But
           he
           thought
           it
           not
           fit
           so
           soon
           to
           lead
           them
           forth
           against
           a
           Victorious
           Army
           .
           He
           therefore
           sent
           his
           fick
           and
           wounded
           men
           to
           the
           City
           of
           Apolonia
           ,
           and
           
           departed
           by
           night
           with
           as
           great
           silence
           as
           could
           be
           from
           the
           place
           where
           he
           was
           ▪
           and
           marched
           towards
           Thessaly
           ,
           intending
           there
           to
           refresh
           and
           encourage
           his
           Army
           ,
           and
           to
           draw
           his
           enemies
           farther
           from
           the
           Sea
           coast
           ,
           where
           their
           chiefe
           strength
           lay
           ,
           and
           where
           their
           Camp
           was
           well
           fortified
           ,
           and
           victualled
           ,
           or
           at
           least
           he
           intended
           to
           attempt
           the
           overthrow
           of
           Scipio
           ,
           who
           (
           as
           he
           heard
           )
           was
           comming
           to
           joyne
           with
           Pompey
           .
        
         
           Pompey
           finding
           Caesar
           was
           departed
           ,
           followed
           him
           for
           
           some
           few
           dayes
           ;
           and
           then
           taking
           Councel
           what
           to
           do
           ,
           he
           resolved
           to
           leave
           a
           sufficient
           Navy
           to
           guard
           the
           Seas
           ,
           
           and
           with
           the
           rest
           to
           returne
           into
           Italy
           ,
           and
           to
           seize
           upon
           it
           ,
           together
           with
           France
           and
           Spain
           ,
           and
           afterwards
           to
           go
           against
           Caesar
           :
           But
           the
           Romane
           Lords
           that
           were
           with
           him
           ,
           and
           the
           importunity
           of
           his
           unskilfull
           Captains
           and
           Souldiers
           ,
           forced
           him
           to
           alter
           his
           determination
           ,
           and
           presently
           to
           pursue
           Caesar
           ,
           who
           made
           an
           Alt
           in
           the
           fields
           of
           Pharsalia
           ,
           which
           are
           in
           Thessaly
           ,
           making
           his
           retreat
           with
           so
           much
           prudence
           ,
           and
           in
           so
           good
           order
           ,
           that
           upon
           all
           occasions
           that
           were
           offered
           he
           ever
           had
           the
           better
           ;
           till
           at
           length
           seeing
           his
           men
           full
           of
           resolution
           and
           courage
           ,
           he
           resolved
           no
           longer
           to
           defer
           the
           Fight
           .
           Concerning
           which
           Battell
           :
           the
           ordering
           ,
           and
           event
           of
           it
           :
           the
           flight
           of
           Pompey
           
           into
           Egypt
           ,
           and
           how
           basely
           ,
           and
           barbarously
           he
           was
           murthered
           there
           ,
           see
           it
           before
           in
           the
           Life
           of
           
             Pompey
             the
             Great
          
           .
        
         
           
             Julius
             Caesar
          
           having
           obtained
           this
           great
           and
           glorious
           victory
           ,
           used
           therein
           his
           accustomed
           Clemency
           ,
           not
           
           suffering
           any
           Roman
           either
           to
           be
           slain
           or
           hurt
           after
           the
           Battell
           was
           ended
           ,
           but
           pardoned
           all
           those
           that
           were
           either
           taken
           in
           the
           Fight
           ,
           or
           found
           in
           the
           Camp
           ,
           amongst
           whom
           was
           
             Marcus
             Tullius
             Cicero
          
           .
           After
           which
           ,
           being
           
           informed
           which
           way
           Pompey
           was
           fled
           ,
           he
           pursued
           him
           with
           the
           lightest
           ,
           and
           swiftest
           of
           his
           Army
           ,
           and
           in
           the
           way
           subduing
           all
           the
           Cities
           ,
           he
           at
           last
           came
           to
           the
           Sea
           side
           ,
           where
           he
           gathered
           together
           all
           the
           Ships
           and
           Gallies
           that
           possibly
           he
           could
           ,
           together
           with
           those
           whom
           Cassius
           had
           brought
           ,
           he
           therein
           shipped
           as
           many
           of
           his
           men
           as
           they
           could
           contain
           ,
           and
           passed
           into
           the
           
             lesser
             Asia
          
           ,
           where
           ,
           being
           advertised
           that
           Pompey
           had
           been
           in
           Cyprus
           ,
           he
           presumed
           that
           he
           was
           gone
           into
           Egypt
           ;
           wherefore
           he
           steered
           the
           same
           course
           ,
           taking
           with
           him
           two
           Legions
           of
           old
           Souldiers
           onely
           .
           When
           he
           arrived
           at
           
           Alexandria
           ,
           he
           understood
           that
           Pompey
           presuming
           upon
           the
           many
           benefits
           ,
           and
           good
           entertainment
           which
           the
           Father
           of
           this
           King
           Ptolomy
           had
           received
           in
           his
           House
           ,
           had
           sent
           to
           this
           Ptolomy
           to
           harbour
           and
           assist
           him
           :
           which
           accordingly
           the
           King
           promised
           ,
           &
           Pompey
           comming
           upon
           
           his
           safe
           conduct
           ,
           in
           a
           small
           Boat
           ,
           was
           by
           the
           false
           Kings
           commandement
           basely
           murthered
           ,
           thinking
           thereby
           to
           win
           the
           favour
           of
           Caesar.
           He
           understood
           likewise
           that
           Cornelia
           the
           Wife
           of
           Pompey
           ,
           and
           his
           Son
           
             Sextus
             Pompeyus
          
           were
           fled
           from
           thence
           in
           the
           same
           ship
           wherein
           they
           came
           .
        
         
           Caesar
           being
           landed
           ,
           and
           received
           into
           the
           City
           ,
           they
           brought
           him
           for
           a
           present
           the
           Head
           of
           the
           
             Great
             Pompey
          
           ;
           but
           he
           turned
           away
           and
           would
           not
           see
           it
           ,
           and
           when
           they
           brought
           him
           Pompeys
           Ring
           with
           his
           Seal
           of
           Armes
           ,
           he
           wept
           ,
           considering
           the
           end
           and
           successe
           of
           the
           great
           adventures
           and
           properties
           of
           Pompey
           ,
           who
           with
           such
           honour
           
           and
           fame
           had
           Triumphed
           three
           times
           ,
           and
           been
           so
           many
           times
           Consul
           in
           Rome
           :
           and
           had
           obtained
           so
           many
           Victories
           abroad
           .
        
         
           When
           Caesar
           was
           landed
           in
           Aegypt
           ,
           he
           found
           the
           Country
           imbroyled
           in
           Civill
           Wars
           :
           there
           being
           great
           discord
           between
           young
           King
           Ptolomy
           ,
           and
           his
           Sister
           Cleopatra
           ,
           about
           the
           division
           and
           Inheritance
           of
           that
           Kingdome
           ,
           wherein
           
             Julius
             Caesar
          
           (
           as
           being
           a
           Roman
           Consul
           )
           took
           upon
           him
           to
           be
           an
           Arbitrator
           .
           For
           which
           cause
           ,
           or
           because
           their
           guilty
           consciences
           accused
           them
           for
           the
           treacherous
           murther
           of
           
             Pompey
             ,
             Fotinus
          
           the
           Enuuch
           ,
           who
           had
           contrived
           the
           said
           murther
           ,
           and
           Achillas
           ,
           who
           had
           been
           the
           actor
           of
           it
           ,
           fearing
           that
           Caesar
           inclined
           to
           favour
           Cleopatra
           ,
           sent
           for
           the
           Kings
           Army
           that
           lay
           neere
           the
           City
           ,
           consisting
           of
           twenty
           thousand
           good
           Souldiers
           ,
           purposing
           to
           do
           by
           Caesar
           as
           they
           had
           done
           by
           Pompey
           ,
           so
           that
           within
           a
           few
           dayes
           ,
           there
           began
           between
           Caesar
           and
           his
           small
           Army
           ,
           both
           in
           the
           City
           ,
           and
           in
           the
           Harbour
           where
           the
           Ships
           and
           Galleys
           lay
           ,
           the
           most
           cruel
           ,
           and
           dangerous
           encounters
           that
           ever
           Caesar
           met
           with
           :
           For
           he
           was
           often
           forced
           to
           fight
           in
           his
           own
           Person
           ,
           both
           within
           the
           City
           (
           whereof
           the
           enemies
           
           held
           the
           Greater
           part
           )
           and
           also
           in
           the
           Harbour
           with
           his
           ships
           ,
           and
           was
           sometimes
           in
           so
           great
           perill
           and
           danger
           ,
           that
           he
           was
           forced
           to
           leap
           out
           of
           the
           Boat
           into
           the
           Water
           ,
           and
           by
           swimming
           to
           get
           to
           one
           of
           the
           Gallies
           ,
           
           at
           which
           time
           he
           held
           his
           Commentaries
           in
           one
           hand
           above
           Water
           ,
           and
           carry
           his
           Robe
           in
           his
           teeth
           ,
           and
           to
           
           swimme
           with
           the
           other
           hand
           .
           But
           when
           his
           other
           Forces
           were
           come
           to
           him
           from
           Asia
           ,
           and
           other
           parts
           ,
           he
           at
           the
           end
           of
           nine
           moneths
           (
           for
           so
           long
           these
           Wars
           lasted
           )
           became
           Victorious
           ,
           as
           in
           all
           other
           his
           enterprises
           he
           had
           been
           ,
           and
           the
           young
           King
           Ptolomy
           was
           slaine
           in
           fight
           .
           
           In
           this
           Warre
           Caesar
           did
           such
           exploits
           ,
           and
           behaved
           himself
           so
           gallantly
           ,
           that
           for
           the
           same
           onely
           he
           well
           deserved
           the
           fame
           and
           name
           of
           a
           brave
           Captain
           .
        
         
           The
           Pride
           of
           the
           Aegyptians
           being
           thus
           tamed
           ,
           Caesar
           put
           to
           death
           the
           murtherers
           of
           Pompey
           ,
           and
           established
           the
           faire
           Cleopatra
           ,
           the
           Queen
           and
           Governesse
           of
           Aegypt
           ,
           whom
           ,
           during
           his
           stay
           there
           ,
           he
           intertained
           for
           his
           Friend
           ,
           and
           had
           a
           Son
           by
           her
           called
           Caesarion
           .
           And
           when
           he
           had
           quitted
           and
           settled
           all
           things
           in
           Aegypt
           ,
           he
           departed
           thence
           into
           Asia
           ,
           and
           travelled
           through
           Syria
           
           (
           now
           Soria
           )
           being
           informed
           ,
           that
           during
           his
           troubles
           in
           Aegypt
           ,
           King
           Pharnaces
           ,
           the
           Son
           of
           that
           mighty
           King
           Methridates
           ,
           thought
           it
           a
           fit
           time
           ,
           whilst
           the
           Romans
           were
           embroiled
           in
           Civil
           Wars
           ,
           to
           recover
           what
           his
           Father
           had
           lost
           :
           For
           which
           end
           having
           overthrown
           Domitius
           ,
           whom
           Caesar
           had
           sent
           to
           govern
           those
           parts
           ,
           and
           having
           taken
           by
           force
           of
           Armes
           the
           Provinces
           of
           Bithynia
           ,
           and
           Cappadocia
           ,
           expelling
           thence
           King
           Ariobarzanes
           (
           a
           Friend
           and
           Subject
           of
           Rome
           )
           and
           beginning
           to
           do
           the
           like
           in
           
             Armenia
             the
             lesse
          
           ,
           which
           King
           Deiotarus
           had
           subjected
           to
           the
           
             Romans
             :
             Caesar
          
           (
           I
           say
           )
           being
           informed
           hereof
           ,
           went
           with
           his
           Army
           sooner
           than
           Pharnaces
           imagined
           ,
           though
           he
           expected
           him
           ,
           and
           had
           intelligence
           of
           his
           approach
           ,
           so
           that
           in
           few
           dayes
           they
           came
           to
           a
           Battell
           ,
           in
           which
           the
           King
           was
           soon
           overthrown
           ,
           
           and
           put
           to
           flight
           ,
           with
           great
           slaughter
           of
           his
           People
           ,
           yet
           himself
           escaped
           .
        
         
           Caesar
           was
           very
           joyfull
           for
           this
           Victory
           ,
           because
           his
           of
           earnest
           desire
           to
           returne
           to
           Rome
           ;
           where
           he
           knew
           that
           many
           scandals
           were
           raised
           ,
           and
           many
           insolencies
           were
           
           committed
           for
           want
           of
           his
           presence
           :
           He
           knew
           also
           that
           Pompeys
           eldest
           Son
           had
           seized
           upon
           a
           great
           part
           of
           Spain
           ,
           and
           had
           raised
           great
           forces
           of
           those
           which
           
             Marcus
             Varro
          
           had
           left
           there
           ,
           and
           of
           his
           Fathers
           Troops
           .
           He
           also
           understood
           ,
           that
           in
           Africa
           many
           principal
           Romans
           ,
           who
           had
           escaped
           from
           the
           Battell
           of
           Pharsalia
           ,
           were
           gethered
           together
           ,
           where
           of
           
             M.
             Cato
          
           (
           surnamed
           Uticensis
           )
           was
           the
           chief
           ,
           and
           
             Scipio
             ,
             Pompeys
          
           Father
           in
           Law
           ,
           and
           that
           these
           went
           thither
           with
           the
           greatest
           part
           of
           the
           Ships
           and
           Galleys
           which
           belonged
           to
           Pompey
           ,
           and
           with
           the
           greatest
           power
           that
           they
           were
           able
           to
           leavy
           ;
           and
           that
           joyning
           with
           Juba
           King
           of
           Mauritania
           ,
           they
           had
           subdued
           all
           that
           Country
           ,
           and
           had
           a
           great
           Army
           in
           a
           readinesse
           to
           oppose
           him
           ,
           having
           chosen
           Scipio
           for
           their
           Generall
           ,
           because
           that
           Cato
           would
           not
           take
           that
           office
           upon
           him
           ,
           and
           for
           that
           the
           Name
           of
           Scipio
           had
           been
           so
           fortunate
           in
           Africa
           .
        
         
           Caesar
           having
           intelligence
           of
           all
           these
           things
           ,
           within
           the
           space
           of
           a
           few
           dayes
           ,
           with
           great
           celerity
           and
           diligence
           recovered
           all
           that
           Pharnaces
           had
           usurped
           ,
           and
           chasing
           him
           out
           of
           Portus
           he
           regained
           all
           those
           Countries
           :
           and
           so
           leaving
           
             Celius
             Minucius
          
           for
           General
           ,
           with
           two
           Legions
           to
           gaurd
           that
           Province
           ,
           pacifying
           the
           controversies
           and
           contentions
           in
           the
           rest
           ,
           and
           rewarding
           the
           Kings
           ,
           and
           Tetrarchs
           which
           continued
           firme
           in
           their
           Leagues
           and
           amity
           with
           the
           Romans
           ,
           without
           any
           longer
           aboad
           ,
           he
           departed
           out
           of
           Asia
           ,
           and
           in
           a
           short
           space
           arrived
           in
           Italy
           ,
           and
           so
           passed
           to
           Rome
           ,
           within
           little
           more
           than
           a
           year
           after
           he
           went
           thence
           ,
           which
           
           was
           a
           very
           short
           time
           for
           the
           performance
           of
           so
           great
           matters
           ,
           and
           so
           long
           a
           journey
           .
        
         
           Presently
           after
           his
           comming
           to
           Rome
           ,
           he
           caused
           himself
           to
           be
           chosen
           Consul
           the
           third
           time
           ,
           and
           reforming
           (
           so
           much
           as
           the
           time
           and
           his
           leasure
           would
           permit
           )
           all
           disorders
           in
           Rome
           ,
           being
           troubled
           and
           not
           able
           to
           endure
           that
           his
           enemies
           should
           possesse
           Africk
           ,
           with
           great
           expedition
           he
           prepared
           all
           things
           necessary
           ,
           and
           from
           Rome
           took
           his
           way
           towards
           Africk
           ,
           commanding
           
           his
           Army
           to
           follow
           him
           .
           First
           he
           went
           into
           Italy
           ,
           from
           from
           whence
           taking
           Ship
           ,
           he
           passed
           over
           into
           Africk
           ,
           
           and
           though
           neither
           his
           Navy
           ,
           nor
           his
           Army
           arrived
           with
           him
           ,
           trusting
           to
           the
           valour
           of
           those
           that
           he
           had
           with
           him
           ,
           and
           his
           own
           good
           Fortune
           ,
           he
           landed
           with
           small
           Forces
           ,
           neere
           to
           the
           City
           of
           Adrumentum
           ,
           and
           from
           thence
           marched
           to
           an
           other
           City
           called
           Leptis
           ,
           into
           which
           he
           was
           received
           ,
           and
           after
           some
           conflicts
           that
           passed
           ,
           his
           Legions
           being
           come
           to
           him
           ,
           and
           certaine
           other
           Troops
           of
           Horse
           ,
           and
           Companies
           of
           Foot
           ,
           he
           began
           the
           War
           which
           continued
           four
           moneths
           .
           He
           first
           began
           with
           Petreius
           and
           Lubienus
           ;
           and
           then
           with
           Scipio
           and
           King
           Juba
           ,
           who
           brought
           to
           those
           Wars
           eight
           thousand
           men
           ,
           the
           one
           half
           whereof
           were
           Horse
           .
        
         
           In
           this
           War
           were
           many
           encounters
           and
           Battels
           ,
           in
           which
           Caesar
           was
           in
           great
           danger
           :
           but
           at
           last
           (
           his
           good
           Fortune
           ,
           still
           attending
           him
           )
           he
           overcame
           them
           in
           a
           great
           Battell
           ,
           wherein
           there
           were
           slaine
           of
           the
           enemies
           ten
           thousand
           ,
           and
           Caesar
           remained
           Master
           of
           the
           
           Field
           ,
           and
           in
           a
           short
           time
           after
           ,
           subjected
           all
           the
           Country
           to
           him
           .
           Scipio
           ,
           and
           all
           the
           chiese
           Captaines
           ,
           with
           him
           died
           sundry
           Deaths
           ,
           and
           Juba
           escaping
           by
           flight
           from
           the
           Battell
           ,
           finding
           no
           place
           of
           security
           ,
           Asranius
           and
           he
           resolved
           to
           dye
           fighting
           one
           against
           the
           other
           ,
           in
           which
           combate
           ,
           King
           Juba
           being
           the
           stronger
           man
           ,
           slew
           Afranius
           ,
           and
           then
           commanded
           one
           of
           his
           slaves
           to
           kill
           him
           ,
           and
           so
           he
           died
           desperately
           .
        
         
           
             Marcus
             Cato
          
           ,
           who
           was
           in
           the
           City
           of
           Utica
           ,
           hearing
           
           that
           Caesar
           was
           marching
           thitherward
           ,
           though
           he
           knew
           that
           he
           would
           not
           put
           him
           to
           death
           ,
           but
           rather
           had
           a
           desire
           to
           pardon
           him
           and
           to
           do
           him
           honour
           ;
           yet
           ,
           resolving
           neither
           to
           receive
           life
           nor
           honour
           from
           his
           enemy
           ,
           he
           slew
           himself
           :
           In
           whose
           death
           there
           passed
           many
           remarkable
           accidents
           recorded
           by
           Historians
           .
           Ftorus
           saith
           thus
           of
           it
           .
           Cato
           (
           saith
           he
           )
           hearing
           of
           the
           death
           of
           his
           Partners
           ,
           he
           dallyed
           not
           at
           all
           ,
           but
           joyfully
           hastened
           
           his
           end
           :
           For
           after
           he
           had
           embraced
           his
           Son
           ,
           and
           his
           Friends
           and
           bad
           them
           good
           night
           ,
           and
           then
           rested
           a
           while
           upon
           his
           bed
           ,
           having
           first
           perused
           Plato's
           Book
           of
           the
           immortality
           of
           the
           Soul
           :
           then
           about
           the
           relieving
           of
           the
           first
           watch
           he
           got
           up
           ,
           drew
           his
           sword
           ,
           and
           therewith
           thrust
           himself
           through
           :
           after
           which
           the
           Phisicians
           applied
           plaisters
           to
           his
           wounds
           which
           he
           indured
           whilst
           they
           were
           in
           the
           roome
           ,
           but
           then
           he
           pulled
           them
           away
           ,
           and
           the
           bloud
           following
           abundantly
           ,
           he
           left
           his
           dying
           hand
           even
           in
           the
           wound
           .
           Scipio
           ,
           who
           had
           been
           Generall
           in
           this
           War
           ,
           escaped
           also
           from
           the
           Battell
           by
           flight
           ,
           entered
           into
           some
           Gallies
           ,
           which
           being
           met
           with
           by
           Caesar's
           Navy
           ,
           that
           he
           might
           not
           fall
           into
           his
           enemies
           hand
           ,
           after
           he
           had
           given
           himself
           some
           wounds
           ,
           he
           threw
           himself
           into
           the
           Sea
           ,
           and
           so
           was
           drowned
           .
        
         
           Caesar
           having
           obtained
           so
           great
           and
           absolute
           a
           Victory
           ,
           spent
           some
           few
           dayes
           in
           settling
           and
           ordering
           the
           Provinces
           of
           Africa
           ,
           making
           the
           Kingdome
           of
           Juba
           a
           Province
           ,
           and
           then
           marched
           to
           Utica
           ,
           where
           he
           imbarked
           June
           the
           third
           ,
           and
           came
           to
           the
           Isle
           of
           Sardinia
           ,
           and
           after
           some
           short
           stay
           there
           ,
           he
           arrived
           at
           Rome
           the
           
           twenty
           fifth
           day
           of
           July
           .
           At
           his
           comming
           thither
           there
           were
           granted
           unto
           him
           four
           Triumphs
           :
           First
           for
           his
           conquests
           and
           Victories
           in
           France
           ,
           in
           which
           were
           
           carried
           the
           Protractures
           of
           the
           Rivers
           of
           Rodanus
           ,
           and
           the
           Rhine
           wraught
           in
           Gold.
           The
           second
           Triumph
           was
           for
           the
           Conquest
           of
           Aegypt
           ,
           and
           of
           King
           Ptolomy
           ,
           where
           were
           set
           the
           River
           of
           Nilus
           ,
           and
           the
           Pharus
           burning
           .
           The
           third
           was
           for
           the
           Conquest
           of
           Pontus
           ,
           and
           of
           King
           Pharnaces
           ,
           wherein
           ,
           in
           regard
           of
           his
           speedy
           Victory
           ,
           was
           placed
           a
           writing
           with
           these
           words
           ,
           
             Veni
             ,
             Vidi
             ,
             Vici
          
           :
           I
           came
           ,
           I
           saw
           ,
           I
           overcame
           .
           The
           fourth
           Triumph
           was
           for
           the
           Province
           of
           Africa
           ,
           wherein
           King
           Jubas
           Son
           was
           led
           Captive
           :
           and
           in
           this
           Triumph
           were
           given
           Jewels
           ,
           and
           Armes
           to
           
             Octavius
             ,
             Caesars
          
           Nephew
           ,
           who
           succeeded
           him
           in
           the
           Empire
           .
           As
           for
           the
           Battell
           wherein
           he
           Conquered
           Pompey
           ,
           he
           would
           
           not
           Triumph
           ,
           because
           it
           was
           against
           a
           Citizen
           of
           Rome
           .
        
         
           These
           Triumphes
           being
           ended
           ,
           he
           gave
           great
           rewards
           to
           his
           Souldiers
           ,
           and
           intertained
           the
           People
           with
           Feasts
           ,
           and
           bountifull
           gifts
           ,
           and
           then
           caused
           himself
           to
           be
           chosen
           the
           fourth
           time
           ,
           Consul
           .
           And
           so
           ,
           to
           the
           end
           that
           there
           should
           be
           left
           no
           place
           wherein
           he
           would
           not
           be
           obeyed
           ,
           he
           resolved
           to
           go
           for
           Spain
           ,
           hearing
           that
           
             Gneius
             Pompeius
          
           ,
           the
           Son
           of
           Pompey
           ,
           was
           retired
           with
           the
           rest
           of
           the
           Army
           which
           had
           escaped
           out
           of
           Africk
           ,
           to
           go
           to
           his
           Brother
           
             Sextus
             Pompeius
          
           ,
           who
           was
           in
           possession
           of
           a
           great
           part
           of
           Spain
           ,
           as
           we
           heard
           before
           ,
           together
           with
           the
           famous
           Cities
           of
           Sivil
           ,
           and
           Cordova
           ,
           and
           many
           others
           of
           those
           parts
           :
           many
           Spaniards
           also
           comming
           to
           their
           aid
           .
        
         
           Caesar
           in
           this
           journey
           carryed
           with
           him
           his
           most
           valiant
           ,
           and
           most
           experienced
           Souldiers
           ,
           and
           made
           so
           good
           
           speed
           ,
           that
           in
           few
           dayes
           space
           he
           arrived
           in
           Spain
           ,
           in
           which
           journey
           his
           Nephew
           Octavius
           followed
           him
           .
           Entering
           into
           Spain
           he
           came
           to
           the
           Province
           of
           Betica
           (
           now
           Andaluzia
           )
           where
           were
           
             Sextus
             Pompeius
          
           ,
           with
           his
           Brother
           Gneius
           ,
           and
           such
           Legions
           and
           Souldiers
           as
           they
           had
           gotten
           together
           ;
           and
           there
           began
           betwixt
           Caesar
           and
           them
           a
           most
           cruel
           and
           bloudy
           Warre
           ,
           the
           end
           whereof
           was
           ,
           that
           neere
           to
           the
           City
           of
           
             Munda
             ,
             Caesar
          
           ,
           and
           
             Gneius
             Pompeius
          
           (
           for
           Sextus
           was
           then
           
           at
           Cordova
           )
           joyned
           Battell
           ,
           which
           was
           one
           of
           the
           most
           obstinate
           ,
           and
           most
           cruel
           fights
           that
           ever
           was
           in
           the
           world
           .
           For
           Caesar
           being
           a
           most
           excellent
           Captain
           ,
           and
           the
           Souldiers
           which
           he
           brought
           with
           him
           most
           brave
           and
           valiant
           men
           ,
           and
           fleshed
           with
           so
           many
           Victories
           ,
           held
           it
           out
           with
           great
           resolution
           ;
           and
           on
           the
           other
           side
           ,
           the
           bravery
           and
           courage
           of
           young
           Pompey
           and
           his
           men
           was
           such
           ,
           and
           they
           fought
           in
           such
           manner
           ,
           as
           Caesars
           Squadrons
           began
           to
           give
           ground
           ,
           and
           were
           ready
           to
           forsake
           the
           Field
           ,
           and
           at
           the
           very
           point
           to
           have
           been
           wholly
           overthrown
           :
           and
           the
           matter
           came
           to
           this
           issue
           ,
           that
           Caesar
           was
           about
           to
           have
           slain
           himself
           because
           he
           would
           
           not
           see
           himself
           overcome
           .
           Yet
           taking
           a
           Target
           from
           one
           of
           his
           Souldiers
           ,
           he
           rushed
           into
           the
           midst
           of
           his
           enemies
           ,
           saying
           with
           a
           loud
           voice
           ,
           
             If
             ye
             be
             not
             ashamed
             ,
             leave
             me
             and
             deliver
             me
             into
             the
             hands
             of
             these
             Boyes
             ;
             For
             this
             shall
             be
             the
             last
             day
             of
             my
             Life
             and
             of
             your
             Honour
             :
          
           with
           which
           words
           ,
           and
           his
           example
           ,
           his
           Souldiers
           took
           heart
           in
           such
           manner
           ,
           that
           recovering
           the
           ground
           which
           they
           had
           lost
           ,
           the
           Battell
           became
           equall
           ,
           which
           lasted
           almost
           a
           whole
           day
           without
           any
           signe
           of
           Victory
           to
           either
           party
           ,
           sometimes
           seeming
           to
           incline
           to
           the
           one
           ,
           sometimes
           to
           the
           other
           side
           ;
           untill
           at
           the
           length
           Caesar
           and
           his
           men
           did
           so
           great
           exploits
           ,
           as
           that
           the
           evening
           being
           come
           ,
           his
           enemies
           began
           to
           faint
           ,
           and
           fly
           ,
           and
           the
           Victory
           
           was
           apparently
           Caesars
           .
           There
           died
           of
           the
           enemies
           above
           thirty
           thousand
           in
           this
           Battell
           ,
           and
           Caesar
           lost
           above
           a
           thousand
           men
           of
           account
           besides
           common
           Souldiers
           .
        
         
           Caesar
           esteemed
           so
           much
           of
           this
           Victory
           ,
           and
           so
           gloried
           in
           the
           danger
           which
           he
           had
           ascaped
           ,
           that
           ever
           after
           he
           used
           to
           say
           ,
           
             That
             in
             all
             other
             Battels
             he
             had
             fought
             for
             honour
             and
             Victory
             ,
             and
             onely
             that
             day
             he
             fought
             for
             his
             life
             .
          
           Young
           Pompey
           ,
           after
           he
           had
           performed
           all
           the
           offices
           of
           a
           Prudent
           Generall
           and
           Valiant
           ,
           Souldier
           ,
           was
           forced
           to
           fly
           ,
           and
           wandering
           through
           many
           places
           ,
           was
           at
           last
           taken
           and
           slaine
           by
           some
           of
           Caesars
           Friends
           ,
           who
           carried
           his
           head
           to
           Caesar.
           His
           other
           Brother
           
             Sextus
             Pompeius
          
           ,
           fled
           from
           Cordova
           ,
           and
           afterwards
           forsook
           
             Spain
             :
             Caesar
          
           recovered
           Sivil
           ,
           and
           Cordova
           ,
           and
           all
           the
           rest
           of
           the
           Country
           ▪
           after
           which
           ,
           ordering
           his
           affaires
           in
           Spain
           after
           his
           pleasure
           ,
           he
           returned
           to
           Rome
           ,
           and
           
           Triumphed
           for
           these
           Victories
           ,
           which
           was
           his
           fifth
           and
           last
           Triumph
           .
        
         
           Caesar
           now
           came
           to
           be
           the
           most
           mighty
           ,
           the
           most
           redoubted
           ,
           and
           the
           most
           highly
           esteemed
           man
           in
           the
           World
           ,
           having
           conquered
           and
           subdued
           the
           greatest
           
           part
           thereof
           ,
           in
           as
           little
           time
           ,
           as
           it
           might
           seeme
           that
           another
           man
           might
           be
           able
           ▪
           to
           travel
           through
           those
           Countries
           by
           reasonable
           journeys
           .
           He
           then
           made
           himself
           
           perpetuall
           Dictator
           ,
           and
           so
           without
           opposition
           ,
           he
           finished
           the
           making
           of
           himself
           the
           Soveraigne
           Lord
           ,
           and
           Monarch
           of
           the
           Empire
           of
           Rome
           ,
           within
           lesse
           than
           five
           years
           after
           he
           first
           attempted
           the
           same
           .
           And
           this
           was
           the
           Originall
           and
           beginning
           of
           the
           Roman
           Emperours
           .
           For
           
             Julius
             Caesar
          
           would
           not
           be
           called
           King
           (
           that
           Name
           being
           odious
           to
           the
           Romans
           above
           all
           things
           ,
           ever
           since
           Kings
           were
           first
           driven
           from
           Rome
           )
           but
           contented
           himself
           to
           be
           called
           Perpetuall
           Dictator
           ,
           and
           Emperour
           ,
           which
           Title
           was
           usually
           given
           to
           the
           Roman
           Generals
           upon
           their
           obtaining
           any
           signall
           Victory
           .
           But
           after
           
             Julius
             Caesar
          
           ,
           all
           his
           successors
           took
           that
           title
           ,
           glorying
           to
           be
           called
           Emperour
           ,
           which
           hath
           evere
           since
           been
           held
           for
           the
           highest
           Title
           ,
           and
           Dignity
           in
           the
           World.
           
        
         
           Caesar
           having
           now
           attained
           to
           that
           absolute
           power
           which
           he
           had
           so
           ambitiously
           saught
           after
           ,
           he
           shewed
           in
           all
           his
           Deportment
           much
           clemency
           ,
           and
           Magnanimity
           ,
           
           honouring
           and
           rewarding
           his
           Friends
           ,
           and
           easily
           forgiving
           ,
           and
           very
           cheerfully
           pardoning
           all
           those
           that
           had
           been
           his
           Adversaries
           :
           Thus
           he
           pardoned
           
             Brutus
             ,
             Cassius
             ,
             Cicero
             ,
             Marcellus
             ,
          
           and
           many
           others
           :
           Yea
           ,
           some
           of
           them
           he
           admitted
           to
           his
           company
           ,
           and
           private
           familiarity
           ,
           and
           to
           Offices
           and
           Dignities
           ;
           and
           amongst
           the
           many
           virtues
           wherewith
           he
           was
           endued
           ,
           his
           clemency
           and
           liberality
           were
           most
           glorious
           .
           But
           all
           this
           prevailed
           not
           with
           the
           Romans
           to
           quench
           their
           desires
           after
           the
           recoverie
           of
           their
           lost
           liberty
           ,
           neither
           to
           asswage
           the
           hatred
           and
           malice
           conceived
           against
           him
           by
           his
           adversaries
           ,
           as
           afterwards
           appeared
           .
        
         
           And
           notwithstanding
           many
           were
           discontented
           ,
           yet
           some
           for
           love
           ,
           others
           for
           fear
           ,
           and
           out
           of
           dissimulation
           ,
           
           both
           Senate
           and
           People
           ,
           yea
           all
           in
           generall
           gave
           him
           Names
           ,
           preheminences
           and
           Titles
           of
           Honour
           ,
           such
           as
           never
           had
           been
           given
           to
           any
           other
           man
           before
           him
           ,
           neither
           ought
           to
           have
           been
           accepted
           by
           him
           ;
           and
           many
           were
           the
           more
           offended
           ,
           because
           they
           knew
           that
           he
           
           affected
           and
           desired
           them
           .
           They
           gave
           him
           the
           name
           of
           Emperour
           ,
           Father
           ,
           Restorer
           ,
           and
           Preserver
           of
           his
           Country
           .
           They
           made
           him
           perpetuall
           Dictator
           ,
           and
           Consul
           for
           ten
           years
           :
           and
           perpetuall
           Censor
           of
           their
           manners
           .
           His
           Statue
           was
           erected
           and
           set
           up
           amongst
           the
           Kings
           of
           Rome
           :
           and
           a
           Chair
           ,
           and
           Throne
           of
           Ivory
           was
           set
           up
           for
           him
           in
           the
           Temple
           ,
           and
           in
           the
           Senate
           House
           ,
           and
           an
           high
           Throne
           in
           the
           Theater
           ,
           and
           in
           the
           place
           where
           
           the
           Senators
           did
           use
           to
           sit
           .
           His
           Pictures
           and
           Statues
           were
           set
           up
           in
           the
           Temples
           ,
           and
           in
           all
           publick
           places
           .
           Some
           Titles
           they
           gave
           him
           ,
           and
           he
           accepted
           of
           ,
           which
           were
           pecular
           to
           the
           Gods.
           The
           moneth
           formerly
           callad
           Quintile
           ,
           they
           called
           Julius
           after
           his
           name
           .
           They
           also
           built
           ,
           and
           consecreated
           Temples
           to
           him
           ,
           as
           they
           did
           to
           Jupiter
           and
           the
           other
           Gods
           ,
           and
           gave
           him
           certaine
           Honours
           which
           they
           held
           proper
           for
           their
           Gods
           ,
           and
           did
           him
           many
           other
           honours
           exceeding
           all
           measure
           .
        
         
           
             Julius
             Caesar
          
           enjoying
           such
           honour
           and
           power
           ,
           so
           that
           he
           had
           no
           equall
           ,
           no
           second
           in
           the
           World
           with
           whom
           he
           might
           contend
           ,
           it
           seemed
           that
           he
           would
           contend
           with
           himself
           ,
           and
           attempt
           something
           wherein
           he
           might
           excell
           himself
           :
           For
           he
           was
           not
           contented
           with
           all
           the
           Victories
           which
           he
           had
           obtained
           ,
           neither
           to
           have
           fought
           fifty
           severall
           Battels
           ,
           in
           all
           which
           he
           was
           Victorious
           ,
           save
           in
           that
           one
           at
           Dirrachium
           against
           Pompey
           :
           neither
           to
           have
           slaine
           in
           the
           Wars
           and
           Battels
           which
           he
           fought
           a
           Million
           ,
           ninety
           ,
           and
           odd
           thousands
           of
           men
           ,
           besides
           those
           which
           were
           slaine
           in
           the
           Civil
           Wars
           .
           But
           being
           of
           a
           
           most
           haughty
           mind
           ,
           he
           sought
           to
           do
           greater
           matters
           ,
           if
           greater
           could
           be
           .
        
         
           For
           first
           he
           resolved
           to
           passe
           into
           the
           East
           ,
           there
           to
           conquer
           and
           subdue
           the
           fierce
           Nations
           of
           the
           Parthians
           ,
           and
           to
           revenge
           the
           death
           of
           
             Marcus
             Crassus
          
           ;
           and
           from
           thence
           to
           passe
           through
           Hyrcania
           ,
           and
           other
           Countries
           till
           he
           should
           come
           to
           the
           Caspian
           Sea
           ,
           and
           so
           through
           all
           the
           parts
           of
           
             Scythia
             ,
             Asiatica
          
           ;
           and
           passing
           the
           River
           Tanais
           ,
           to
           returne
           through
           Scythia
           into
           Europe
           ,
           and
           in
           
           his
           retreat
           to
           come
           into
           Germany
           ,
           and
           other
           Countries
           bordering
           thereupon
           ,
           conquering
           and
           subjecting
           all
           to
           the
           Roman
           Empire
           .
           For
           which
           end
           ,
           he
           presently
           caused
           to
           be
           levied
           in
           severall
           places
           ten
           thausand
           Horsemen
           ,
           and
           sixteen
           Legious
           of
           chosen
           Footmen
           ,
           and
           appointing
           the
           time
           wherein
           he
           intended
           to
           begin
           his
           journey
           ,
           he
           commanded
           them
           to
           repaire
           to
           their
           Rendevouz
           .
           He
           sought
           also
           not
           onely
           to
           subdue
           all
           Nations
           ,
           but
           to
           correct
           and
           reforme
           even
           nature
           it self
           :
           For
           he
           purposed
           to
           have
           made
           an
           Island
           of
           Peloponesus
           (
           now
           called
           Morea
           )
           by
           cutting
           the
           neck
           of
           land
           between
           the
           Egaean
           ,
           and
           the
           Jonian
           Seas
           .
           He
           purposed
           also
           to
           have
           altered
           the
           courses
           of
           the
           River
           Tiber
           ,
           and
           Anian
           ,
           and
           to
           have
           made
           there
           new
           channels
           ,
           capable
           of
           bearing
           great
           Ships
           .
           He
           ordered
           the
           digging
           down
           and
           levelling
           many
           high
           Hils
           and
           Mountaines
           ,
           in
           Italy
           ,
           and
           to
           dry
           up
           ,
           and
           dreine
           great
           Lakes
           and
           Marishes
           therein
           .
           He
           corrected
           the
           computation
           of
           the
           year
           ,
           reforming
           it
           according
           to
           the
           course
           of
           the
           Sun
           ,
           and
           brought
           it
           into
           that
           order
           wherein
           it
           now
           is
           .
           He
           did
           the
           like
           about
           the
           course
           of
           the
           Moon
           ,
           and
           her
           conjunctions
           and
           oppositions
           to
           the
           Sun
           :
           and
           this
           was
           attributed
           to
           him
           for
           Tyranny
           by
           those
           that
           hated
           him
           .
        
         
           Many
           others
           things
           Caesar
           did
           ,
           which
           were
           very
           remarkable
           ,
           in
           reforming
           the
           Laws
           ,
           customes
           ,
           and
           Offices
           .
           He
           reedified
           the
           ruined
           City
           of
           Carthage
           ,
           in
           Africk
           ,
           and
           sent
           thither
           Colonies
           ,
           and
           Roman
           Citizens
           to
           Inhabit
           it
           :
           the
           like
           he
           did
           by
           Corinth
           .
           But
           all
           these
           works
           with
           his
           high
           conceits
           and
           undertakings
           ,
           were
           prevented
           ,
           by
           his
           unexpected
           ,
           and
           immature
           Death
           ,
           which
           within
           a
           few
           Dayes
           after
           ensued
           .
           A
           few
           men
           ,
           and
           those
           unarmed
           bereft
           him
           of
           his
           Life
           ,
           whom
           no
           former
           forces
           could
           resist
           .
           For
           five
           moneths
           only
           he
           lived
           as
           Soveraign
           Lord
           in
           Peace
           ;
           when
           those
           in
           whom
           he
           reposed
           greatest
           trust
           conspired
           his
           Death
           .
        
         
           Some
           say
           that
           Caesars
           was
           counselled
           to
           have
           a
           Guard
           about
           him
           alwayes
           ;
           to
           which
           he
           answered
           ,
           that
           he
           would
           have
           none
           :
           for
           that
           he
           had
           rather
           die
           once
           ,
           
           then
           live
           continually
           in
           feare
           .
           They
           which
           conspired
           his
           death
           ,
           were
           stirred
           up
           thereto
           ,
           either
           out
           of
           hatred
           to
           his
           Person
           ,
           or
           desire
           of
           Liberty
           ,
           accounting
           him
           for
           a
           Tyrant
           :
           or
           out
           of
           suspition
           that
           he
           would
           have
           made
           himself
           a
           King
           ,
           a
           thing
           in
           the
           highest
           degree
           hatefull
           to
           the
           Romans
           :
           and
           lastly
           because
           he
           begun
           to
           contemne
           others
           :
           For
           he
           used
           to
           say
           ,
           that
           the
           Commonwealth
           was
           
           but
           a
           voice
           and
           name
           without
           a
           Body
           ,
           or
           Substance
           ,
           and
           that
           Sylla
           was
           a
           Fool
           for
           resigning
           his
           perpetuall
           Dictatorship
           .
           All
           the
           whole
           Senate
           comming
           one
           Day
           to
           the
           Temple
           of
           Venus
           where
           he
           was
           ,
           he
           sat
           still
           ,
           and
           rose
           not
           up
           as
           formerly
           he
           used
           to
           do
           .
           His
           Friends
           also
           and
           Favourites
           began
           to
           report
           ,
           that
           in
           the
           Books
           of
           the
           Sybils
           (
           which
           in
           Rome
           were
           had
           in
           great
           Veneration
           )
           it
           was
           written
           ,
           that
           the
           Parthians
           could
           never
           be
           overcome
           but
           by
           a
           man
           that
           should
           have
           the
           Title
           of
           a
           King
           ,
           and
           therefore
           he
           laboured
           that
           Caesar
           should
           take
           upon
           him
           that
           Title
           before
           his
           Parthian
           War
           ;
           and
           though
           he
           seemed
           to
           be
           displeased
           at
           it
           ,
           yet
           they
           suspected
           the
           contrary
           ,
           and
           their
           suspition
           was
           encreased
           ,
           for
           that
           ,
           whereas
           the
           Tribunes
           of
           the
           People
           had
           caused
           a
           man
           to
           be
           imprisoned
           who
           had
           set
           a
           Crown
           upon
           the
           Head
           of
           one
           of
           Caesars
           Statues
           ,
           he
           was
           so
           encensed
           against
           the
           Tribunes
           that
           did
           it
           ,
           that
           he
           deposed
           them
           from
           their
           Office
           :
           And
           not
           long
           after
           ,
           when
           
             Mark
             Anthony
          
           (
           who
           was
           his
           great
           fovourite
           ▪
           and
           that
           year
           his
           fellow
           Consul
           )
           being
           at
           some
           publick
           Games
           ,
           came
           to
           Caesar
           ,
           and
           put
           a
           Crown
           
           upon
           his
           Head
           ,
           though
           he
           threw
           it
           down
           ,
           yet
           they
           all
           imagined
           that
           
             Mark
             Anthony
          
           would
           not
           have
           presumed
           to
           have
           done
           it
           without
           his
           good
           liking
           ,
           and
           that
           he
           did
           it
           but
           to
           prove
           the
           People
           how
           they
           would
           like
           it
           ;
           these
           and
           such
           like
           passages
           gave
           them
           occasion
           to
           desire
           and
           designe
           his
           Death
           .
        
         
           They
           were
           also
           further
           encouraged
           hereunto
           ,
           for
           that
           in
           sundry
           publick
           places
           ,
           certain
           writings
           were
           set
           up
           which
           did
           intice
           and
           animate
           them
           to
           conspire
           against
           him
           :
           as
           upon
           the
           Statue
           of
           Brutus
           ,
           who
           in
           ancient
           times
           did
           chase
           the
           Kings
           out
           of
           Rome
           ,
           were
           written
           these
           words
           ,
           
           
             Would
             to
             God
             thou
             wert
             now
             living
             ,
          
           Brutus
           .
           And
           upon
           the
           Image
           of
           
             Marcus
             Brutus
          
           ,
           who
           then
           was
           Praetor
           ,
           and
           descended
           from
           the
           former
           Brutus
           ,
           were
           these
           words
           :
           
             Thou
             sleepest
             long
          
           Brutus
           .
           
             Truly
             thou
             art
             not
          
           Brutus
           .
           And
           again
           :
           
             Thou
             art
             dead
          
           Brutus
           :
           
             Would
             to
             God
             thou
             wert
             living
             ,
             Thou
             art
             unworthy
             of
             the
             succession
             from
             the
          
           Brute
           .
           
             Surely
             thou
             art
             not
             descended
             from
             the
             good
          
           Brutus
           :
           and
           such
           like
           other
           writings
           were
           set
           upon
           these
           Statues
           .
        
         
           So
           as
           for
           these
           ,
           and
           such
           like
           reasons
           ,
           there
           were
           seventy
           of
           the
           most
           eminent
           men
           in
           Rome
           that
           conspired
           to
           
           murther
           Caesar
           :
           of
           which
           the
           principle
           were
           
             Decius
             ,
             Marcus
             Brutus
             ,
             Caius
             Cassius
             ,
             Gaius
             Casca
             ,
             Attilius
             Cimber
             ,
             Servius
             Galba
             ,
             Quintus
             Ligarius
             ,
             Marcus
             Spurius
             ,
          
           &c.
           who
           ,
           after
           diverse
           consultations
           ,
           concluded
           to
           kill
           him
           upon
           the
           Ides
           of
           March
           ,
           which
           was
           the
           fifteenth
           day
           of
           that
           moneth
           ,
           in
           the
           Temple
           where
           the
           Senators
           were
           to
           sit
           that
           day
           :
           Yet
           Brutus
           was
           held
           to
           be
           Caesars
           Son
           ,
           and
           had
           received
           great
           honours
           ,
           and
           many
           favours
           
           from
           him
           .
           This
           conspiracy
           was
           kept
           so
           secret
           notwithstanding
           the
           great
           number
           of
           them
           ,
           that
           there
           was
           not
           any
           one
           found
           that
           discovered
           the
           same
           .
           But
           there
           were
           so
           many
           signes
           ,
           and
           Prodigies
           ,
           and
           to
           himself
           there
           happened
           so
           many
           forewarnings
           ,
           that
           (
           without
           knowing
           any
           cause
           )
           all
           men
           were
           of
           opinion
           that
           Caesars
           Death
           was
           neere
           at
           hand
           .
           Spurina
           also
           ,
           who
           was
           his
           Southsayer
           ,
           forewarned
           him
           to
           look
           to
           himself
           till
           the
           Ides
           of
           March
           were
           past
           :
           for
           that
           his
           Life
           was
           in
           great
           danger
           .
           And
           Caesars
           own
           Wife
           intreated
           him
           upon
           her
           knees
           ,
           that
           he
           would
           not
           that
           day
           go
           to
           the
           Senate
           :
           For
           shee
           had
           dreamed
           that
           he
           lay
           dead
           in
           her
           lap
           .
           These
           and
           such
           like
           warnings
           prevailed
           so
           far
           with
           him
           ,
           that
           he
           was
           about
           to
           send
           to
           
             Mark
             Anthony
          
           to
           make
           his
           excuse
           ,
           and
           to
           put
           off
           the
           Senate
           to
           another
           day
           .
           But
           what
           God
           hath
           determined
           must
           come
           to
           passe
           ;
           and
           therefore
           Brutus
           being
           present
           ,
           advised
           him
           by
           no
           meanes
           to
           discover
           any
           such
           fear
           ,
           and
           so
           he
           resolved
           to
           go
           .
        
         
         
           Caesar
           made
           small
           account
           of
           Death
           ,
           and
           said
           ,
           
             That
             as
             for
             himself
             he
             had
             won
             power
             and
             fame
             ,
             and
             glory
             enough
             ,
             and
             that
             at
             no
             time
             he
             could
             die
             with
             greater
             honour
             .
          
           And
           some
           discoursing
           the
           night
           before
           he
           was
           slaine
           ,
           what
           Death
           was
           best
           :
           
             Even
             that
          
           (
           qouth
           he
           )
           
             which
             is
             sudden
             ,
             and
             least
             prepensed
             .
          
           The
           fifteenth
           of
           March
           being
           come
           ,
           he
           went
           from
           his
           House
           in
           a
           Litter
           towards
           the
           Senate
           ,
           and
           as
           he
           passed
           along
           the
           street
           ,
           there
           was
           a
           Petition
           delivered
           to
           him
           ,
           wherein
           was
           set
           down
           in
           writing
           all
           that
           was
           concluded
           in
           this
           conspiracy
           ,
           and
           he
           which
           gave
           it
           ,
           prayed
           him
           to
           read
           it
           presently
           ,
           which
           he
           began
           to
           doe
           :
           but
           there
           came
           so
           many
           to
           speake
           to
           him
           that
           he
           could
           make
           no
           farther
           progresse
           ,
           and
           this
           Paper
           was
           found
           in
           his
           hand
           when
           he
           was
           dead
           .
           As
           he
           passed
           on
           ,
           he
           met
           with
           Spurina
           ,
           the
           Southsayer
           ,
           and
           pleasantly
           jesting
           ,
           he
           said
           to
           him
           ,
           
             Dost
             thou
             not
             know
          
           Spurina
           ,
           
             that
             the
             Ides
             of
          
           March
           
             are
             come
          
           ?
           Yea
           (
           answered
           Spurina
           )
           and
           I
           know
           that
           they
           are
           not
           yet
           past
           .
        
         
           When
           he
           came
           to
           the
           Temple
           where
           the
           Senators
           met
           ,
           he
           alighted
           from
           his
           Litter
           and
           went
           in
           ,
           and
           having
           first
           done
           Sacrifice
           (
           according
           to
           the
           custome
           )
           which
           all
           that
           saw
           persaged
           to
           be
           fatall
           ,
           and
           infortunate
           ,
           he
           sat
           him
           down
           in
           his
           Chair
           ,
           and
           
             Brutus
             Albinus
          
           entertaining
           
             Mark
             Anthony
          
           at
           the
           door
           with
           discourse
           ,
           one
           of
           the
           Conspirators
           ,
           whose
           name
           was
           Celer
           ,
           came
           to
           Caesar
           ,
           under
           a
           pretence
           to
           intreat
           him
           to
           release
           a
           Brother
           of
           his
           from
           Banishment
           ,
           and
           presently
           all
           the
           rest
           of
           the
           conspirators
           drew
           neere
           to
           his
           Chair
           ;
           which
           when
           Caesar
           saw
           ,
           thinking
           that
           they
           had
           all
           come
           for
           the
           same
           purpose
           ,
           he
           said
           unto
           them
           ,
           
             what
             force
             is
             this
          
           ?
           and
           at
           that
           instant
           ,
           one
           of
           them
           whose
           name
           was
           Casca
           ,
           beginning
           ,
           they
           all
           drew
           their
           poyniards
           ,
           and
           Swords
           which
           they
           had
           privately
           under
           their
           Gowns
           ▪
           and
           began
           to
           wound
           him
           .
           The
           first
           blow
           he
           received
           Casca
           gave
           him
           in
           the
           throat
           :
           At
           which
           Caesar
           said
           aloude
           ,
           
             What
             dost
             thou
             Traitor
          
           Casca
           ?
           and
           wresting
           the
           Poyniard
           out
           of
           his
           hand
           ,
           he
           arose
           and
           stabbed
           
           Casca
           through
           the
           Arme
           ,
           and
           being
           about
           to
           strike
           him
           again
           ,
           he
           was
           prevented
           by
           the
           many
           wounds
           which
           the
           others
           gave
           him
           ,
           wilest
           with
           great
           force
           and
           courage
           he
           leaped
           from
           one
           side
           to
           the
           other
           to
           defend
           himself
           :
           But
           when
           he
           saw
           
             Marcus
             Brutus
          
           with
           his
           drawn
           Sword
           in
           his
           hand
           ,
           wherewith
           he
           had
           already
           wounded
           him
           in
           the
           Thigh
           ,
           he
           was
           much
           amazed
           ,
           and
           said
           in
           the
           Greek
           Tongue
           ,
           
             Why
             how
             now
             Son
          
           Brutus
           ?
           
             And
             thou
             also
          
           ?
           And
           having
           so
           said
           ,
           seeing
           so
           many
           weapons
           
           bent
           against
           him
           ,
           and
           that
           no
           body
           came
           to
           his
           rescue
           ,
           he
           remembred
           to
           keep
           the
           honour
           of
           his
           person
           ,
           with
           his
           right
           hand
           he
           covered
           his
           Head
           with
           part
           of
           his
           Robe
           ,
           and
           with
           his
           left
           hand
           ,
           girt
           himself
           and
           setled
           his
           cloathes
           about
           him
           ,
           and
           being
           so
           covered
           he
           fell
           down
           to
           the
           ground
           ,
           having
           received
           three
           and
           twenty
           wounds
           ;
           and
           it
           happened
           that
           his
           fall
           was
           at
           the
           foot
           of
           the
           seat
           on
           which
           Pompeys
           Statue
           stood
           .
           So
           in
           
           this
           manner
           died
           one
           of
           the
           most
           Mighty
           ,
           Worthy
           ,
           Valient
           ,
           Wise
           ,
           and
           most
           successfull
           Princes
           ,
           and
           Captaines
           that
           ever
           was
           in
           the
           World.
           For
           ,
           his
           excellencies
           ,
           abilities
           ,
           invincible
           mind
           ,
           incomparable
           courage
           ,
           the
           Battels
           which
           he
           fought
           ,
           and
           Victories
           which
           he
           obtained
           :
           The
           Provinces
           ,
           Kings
           and
           Nations
           which
           he
           subdued
           ;
           His
           Counsels
           ,
           Policies
           ,
           and
           Stratagems
           ,
           and
           bold
           attempts
           :
           his
           Magnanimity
           ,
           clemency
           ,
           and
           bounty
           both
           to
           the
           conquered
           and
           Conquerors
           :
           the
           great
           designes
           which
           he
           had
           proposed
           to
           himself
           a
           little
           before
           he
           was
           slaine
           ,
           being
           all
           well
           weighed
           and
           considered
           ,
           it
           will
           plainly
           appear
           ,
           that
           in
           none
           of
           those
           things
           aforesaid
           ,
           nor
           in
           any
           other
           that
           may
           be
           said
           of
           him
           ,
           there
           hath
           been
           any
           Heathen
           King
           ,
           or
           Captain
           that
           ever
           excelled
           him
           .
           And
           setting
           apart
           his
           ambition
           ,
           and
           desire
           of
           rule
           ,
           he
           was
           onely
           noted
           ,
           and
           blamed
           for
           being
           too
           much
           given
           to
           women
           .
        
         
           Caesar
           was
           thus
           slaine
           in
           the
           fifty
           sixth
           year
           of
           his
           age
           ,
           a
           little
           more
           than
           four
           years
           after
           the
           Death
           of
           Pompey
           ,
           in
           the
           seven
           hundred
           and
           tenth
           year
           after
           the
           building
           of
           Rome
           ,
           and
           about
           fourty
           and
           two
           years
           before
           
           the
           Incarnation
           of
           our
           Blessed
           Lord
           and
           Saviour
           
             Jesus
             Christ.
          
           
        
         
           Caesar
           left
           behind
           him
           neither
           Son
           nor
           Daughter
           legitimate
           at
           the
           time
           of
           his
           Death
           :
           For
           though
           he
           had
           been
           four
           severall
           times
           married
           ,
           yet
           he
           had
           but
           one
           only
           Daughter
           ,
           named
           Julia
           ,
           that
           was
           married
           to
           Pompey
           ,
           and
           dyed
           before
           him
           .
           Wherefore
           by
           his
           last
           Will
           ,
           he
           adopted
           for
           his
           Son
           ,
           and
           made
           his
           Heire
           in
           the
           
           Dodrant
           ,
           that
           is
           ,
           in
           nine
           parts
           of
           twelve
           of
           his
           goods
           ,
           his
           Nephew
           
             Octavius
             Caesar
          
           ,
           after
           wards
           called
           
             Octavianus
             Augustus
          
           ,
           who
           was
           the
           Son
           of
           Acia
           ,
           his
           neece
           ,
           and
           of
           
             Octavius
             Praetor
          
           of
           Macedonia
           ,
           which
           Octavius
           at
           this
           time
           ,
           was
           ,
           by
           the
           commandment
           of
           his
           Uncle
           ,
           in
           the
           City
           of
           Apollonia
           ,
           in
           the
           Province
           of
           Epirus
           ,
           where
           he
           applied
           himself
           to
           his
           studies
           ,
           staying
           for
           him
           there
           ,
           thence
           to
           go
           with
           him
           to
           the
           Parthian
           War
           ,
           being
           now
           about
           seventeen
           years
           of
           age
           .
        
         
           Caesar
           being
           thus
           slaine
           ,
           the
           newes
           of
           it
           ran
           presently
           all
           over
           the
           City
           ,
           and
           the
           tumult
           therein
           was
           so
           great
           ,
           that
           no
           man
           knew
           what
           to
           doe
           or
           say
           .
           All
           Offices
           ceased
           ,
           the
           Temples
           were
           all
           shut
           up
           ,
           and
           every
           man
           was
           amazed
           .
           Caesars
           Friends
           were
           affraid
           of
           those
           that
           slew
           him
           ,
           and
           they
           as
           much
           feared
           his
           Friends
           ,
           
             Brutas
             ,
             Cassius
          
           ,
           and
           the
           other
           Conspirators
           ,
           and
           others
           that
           joyned
           with
           them
           ,
           seeing
           the
           great
           tumult
           ,
           durst
           not
           go
           to
           their
           Houses
           ,
           nor
           prosecute
           their
           other
           designs
           ,
           for
           fear
           of
           
             Mark
             Anthony
          
           and
           Lepidus
           ,
           whereof
           the
           one
           was
           Consul
           ,
           and
           the
           other
           Generall
           of
           the
           Horsemen
           ,
           but
           presently
           from
           thence
           they
           went
           to
           seize
           upon
           the
           Capitol
           ,
           crying
           by
           the
           way
           as
           they
           went
           ,
           
             Liberty
             ,
             Liberty
          
           ,
           and
           imploring
           the
           favour
           ,
           and
           assistance
           of
           the
           People
           .
           The
           rest
           of
           that
           day
           ,
           and
           all
           the
           next
           night
           ,
           
             Mark
             Anthony
          
           ,
           and
           Lepidus
           (
           who
           took
           Caesars
           part
           )
           were
           in
           Armes
           ,
           and
           there
           passed
           sundry
           massages
           ,
           and
           treaties
           between
           them
           and
           the
           Conspirators
           :
           At
           last
           it
           was
           agreed
           that
           the
           Senate
           should
           sit
           ,
           whither
           Brutus
           ,
           and
           Cassius
           came
           ,
           
             M.
             Anthonies
          
           Sons
           (
           by
           the
           perswasion
           of
           Cicero
           ,
           a
           great
           lover
           of
           Liberty
           )
           remaining
           as
           Hostages
           for
           them
           .
        
         
         
           In
           the
           Senate
           they
           Treated
           of
           Peace
           and
           concord
           ,
           and
           
           that
           all
           that
           was
           past
           should
           be
           buried
           in
           perpetuall
           oblivion
           ;
           whereunto
           ,
           Anthony
           who
           was
           Consul
           ,
           and
           the
           whole
           Senate
           agreed
           :
           and
           the
           Provinces
           being
           divided
           ,
           there
           was
           algreat
           liklihood
           of
           Peace
           .
           For
           the
           Senate
           approved
           ,
           and
           commended
           the
           murther
           ,
           and
           the
           People
           dissembled
           their
           thoughts
           :
           For
           on
           the
           one
           side
           the
           authority
           of
           Brutus
           ,
           and
           Cassius
           ,
           and
           the
           name
           of
           Liberty
           ,
           seemed
           to
           give
           them
           some
           content
           :
           and
           on
           the
           other
           side
           ,
           the
           hainousnesse
           of
           the
           fact
           ,
           and
           the
           love
           they
           bare
           to
           Caesar
           ,
           did
           move
           ,
           and
           excite
           them
           to
           hate
           the
           murtherers
           ,
           and
           so
           all
           was
           quiet
           for
           the
           present
           .
           But
           
             Mark
             Anthony
          
           (
           who
           affected
           the
           Tyranny
           )
           took
           every
           oportunity
           to
           incense
           the
           People
           against
           them
           :
           and
           Caesars
           Testament
           being
           opened
           ,
           wherein
           (
           besides
           the
           adopting
           of
           his
           Nehpew
           Octavius
           ,
           and
           making
           him
           his
           Heire
           )
           besides
           other
           bequests
           ,
           he
           bequeathed
           to
           the
           People
           of
           Rome
           ,
           certaine
           Gardens
           ,
           and
           Lands
           neere
           to
           the
           River
           of
           Tiber
           ,
           and
           to
           every
           Citizen
           of
           Rome
           a
           certaine
           summe
           of
           money
           to
           be
           devided
           amongst
           them
           ,
           which
           being
           known
           ,
           much
           encreased
           their
           love
           to
           Caesar
           ,
           and
           made
           his
           death
           more
           grievous
           to
           them
           .
        
         
           Caesars
           Funerall
           being
           agreed
           upon
           ,
           his
           Body
           was
           burnt
           with
           great
           solemnity
           in
           the
           Field
           of
           Mars
           ,
           and
           
             Mark
             Anthony
          
           made
           the
           Funerall
           Oration
           in
           his
           Praise
           ,
           and
           took
           the
           Robe
           wherein
           Caesar
           was
           slaine
           ,
           being
           all
           bloudy
           ,
           and
           shewed
           it
           to
           the
           People
           ,
           using
           such
           speeches
           as
           provoaked
           them
           both
           to
           wrath
           ,
           aud
           commiseration
           ,
           so
           as
           before
           the
           Funerall
           solemnity
           was
           fully
           finished
           ,
           they
           all
           departed
           in
           great
           fury
           ,
           taking
           Brands
           in
           their
           
           hands
           from
           the
           fire
           wherein
           Caesar
           was
           burned
           ,
           and
           went
           to
           burnethe
           Houses
           of
           Brutus
           ,
           and
           Cassius
           ,
           and
           if
           they
           could
           have
           found
           them
           ,
           and
           the
           rest
           of
           the
           Conspirators
           ,
           they
           would
           certainly
           have
           slaine
           them
           ;
           and
           in
           their
           fury
           they
           unadvisedly
           slew
           
             Elius
             Cinna
          
           ,
           by
           mistaking
           him
           for
           
             Cornelius
             Cinna
          
           ,
           who
           was
           one
           of
           the
           Conspirators
           .
        
         
           This
           tumult
           put
           Brutus
           ,
           and
           Cassius
           ,
           and
           their
           confederates
           ,
           
           into
           such
           feate
           ,
           that
           they
           all
           fled
           from
           Rome
           into
           severall
           parts
           :
           and
           though
           the
           Senate
           (
           having
           appeased
           the
           tumult
           )
           inflicted
           punishment
           upon
           some
           of
           the
           seditions
           ,
           and
           had
           already
           committed
           some
           of
           them
           to
           Prison
           ,
           yet
           Brutus
           ,
           and
           Cassius
           durst
           not
           return
           to
           Rome
           ,
           but
           after
           a
           while
           went
           into
           Greece
           ,
           to
           Govern
           those
           Provinces
           which
           Caesar
           in
           his
           Life
           time
           had
           allotted
           unto
           them
           ,
           which
           were
           ,
           Macedonia
           to
           Brutus
           ,
           and
           Syria
           to
           Cassius
           .
           And
           truly
           this
           was
           very
           remarkable
           ,
           that
           within
           the
           space
           of
           three
           years
           all
           the
           Conspirators
           dyed
           ,
           and
           not
           one
           of
           them
           of
           a
           naturall
           death
           .
        
         
           Caesar
           in
           his
           fifth
           and
           last
           Consulship
           made
           an
           Edict
           ,
           that
           thanks
           should
           be
           ruturned
           to
           Hyrcanus
           ,
           the
           High-Priest
           
           and
           Prince
           of
           the
           Jewes
           ,
           and
           to
           the
           Nation
           of
           the
           Jewes
           ,
           for
           their
           affection
           to
           himself
           and
           the
           People
           of
           Rome
           .
           And
           decreed
           also
           ,
           that
           the
           said
           Hyrcanus
           ,
           should
           have
           the
           City
           of
           Jerusalem
           ,
           and
           repair
           the
           Walls
           of
           it
           which
           Pompey
           had
           beaten
           down
           ,
           and
           should
           Govern
           it
           as
           he
           pleased
           himself
           .
           He
           also
           granted
           to
           the
           Jewes
           ,
           that
           every
           second
           year
           there
           should
           an
           abatement
           be
           made
           out
           of
           their
           rents
           ,
           and
           that
           they
           should
           be
           free
           from
           Impositions
           ,
           and
           Tributes
           .
        
         
           His
           Name
           of
           Caesar
           was
           so
           honourable
           ,
           that
           all
           his
           successors
           to
           this
           present
           day
           ,
           have
           assumed
           it
           into
           their
           Title
           ,
           and
           esteem
           it
           an
           honour
           to
           be
           called
           Caesars
           .
        
         
           FINIS
           .
        
      
       
         
         
           THE
           LIFE
           &
           DEATH
           OF
           OCTAVIANUS
           AUGUSTUS
           In
           whose
           Raign
           our
           LORD
           CHRIST
           was
           born
           .
        
         
           
             _
             〈◊〉
             Caesar
          
           ,
           who
           was
           afterwards
           
           called
           
             Octavianus
             Augustus
          
           ,
           was
           by
           the
           Fathers
           side
           descended
           of
           the
           Antient
           Family
           of
           the
           Octavij
           ,
           which
           was
           of
           great
           account
           in
           Rome
           even
           from
           the
           time
           of
           Tarquin
           their
           King
           :
           By
           the
           Mothers
           side
           he
           was
           descended
           from
           the
           Regall
           Line
           :
           His
           Mother
           was
           Accia
           the
           Daughter
           of
           
             Accius
             Balbus
          
           ,
           and
           Julia
           ,
           the
           Sister
           of
           
             Julius
             Caesar
          
           ,
           which
           Accia
           was
           married
           to
           the
           Father
           of
           Octavius
           .
           He
           was
           born
           in
           the
           year
           of
           the
           Consulship
           of
           Cicero
           ,
           and
           
             Caius
             Antonius
          
           .
           He
           was
           but
           four
           
           years
           old
           when
           his
           Father
           dyed
           :
           and
           at
           twelve
           years
           old
           he
           made
           an
           Oration
           at
           the
           Funerall
           of
           his
           Grandmother
           Julia.
           
        
         
           When
           his
           Uncle
           
             Julius
             Caesar
          
           ,
           was
           Warring
           in
           Spain
           against
           the
           Sons
           of
           
             Pompey
             ,
             Octavius
          
           (
           though
           he
           was
           but
           
           young
           )
           followed
           him
           thither
           through
           many
           and
           great
           dangers
           :
           and
           when
           that
           War
           was
           ended
           ,
           
             Julius
             Caesar
          
           intending
           to
           take
           him
           with
           him
           to
           the
           Parthian
           War
           ,
           sent
           him
           before
           to
           the
           City
           of
           Apollonia
           ,
           where
           he
           plyed
           his
           Book
           very
           diligently
           ;
           and
           on
           a
           time
           having
           a
           minde
           to
           see
           Theogenes
           ,
           a
           learned
           .
           Astronomer
           ,
           he
           calculated
           his
           Nativity
           ,
           and
           promised
           him
           great
           matters
           ,
           which
           made
           Octavius
           conceive
           great
           hopes
           of
           himself
           ,
           and
           in
           memory
           thereof
           he
           caused
           certain
           Medals
           to
           be
           coined
           ,
           and
           would
           often
           boast
           of
           what
           Theogenes
           had
           told
           him
           .
        
         
           Octavius
           in
           the
           sixth
           moneth
           after
           he
           went
           to
           Apollonia
           ,
           having
           intelligence
           from
           his
           Mother
           of
           the
           Death
           of
           his
           
           Uncle
           
             Julius
             Caesar
          
           ,
           he
           hasted
           out
           of
           Epirus
           to
           Brundusium
           ,
           where
           he
           was
           received
           by
           the
           Army
           that
           went
           to
           meet
           him
           as
           the
           adopted
           Son
           of
           Caesar
           ,
           and
           without
           any
           further
           delay
           he
           assumed
           the
           name
           of
           Caesar
           ,
           and
           took
           upon
           him
           to
           be
           his
           Heire
           ,
           and
           that
           so
           much
           the
           rather
           ,
           because
           he
           had
           brought
           with
           him
           good
           store
           of
           money
           ,
           and
           great
           forces
           that
           were
           sent
           him
           by
           his
           Uncle
           :
           and
           so
           at
           Brundusium
           ,
           adopting
           himself
           into
           the
           Julian
           Family
           ,
           he
           called
           himself
           
             Caius
             Julius
             Caesar
             Octavius
          
           .
        
         
           To
           this
           very
           Name
           ,
           as
           though
           he
           had
           been
           his
           true
           Son
           ,
           there
           came
           great
           store
           of
           partly
           of
           his
           Friends
           ,
           partly
           of
           freed
           ▪
           men
           ,
           slaves
           ▪
           and
           Souldiers
           ,
           by
           whom
           being
           
           more
           strengthened
           and
           imboldned
           by
           the
           multitude
           of
           them
           that
           flocked
           to
           him
           ,
           and
           by
           the
           authority
           of
           the
           Caesarian
           name
           ,
           which
           with
           the
           common
           People
           was
           in
           great
           reputation
           ,
           he
           took
           his
           journey
           towards
           Rome
           with
           a
           great
           traine
           ,
           which
           daily
           increased
           like
           a
           Floud
           .
        
         
           On
           the
           fourteenth
           Kalends
           of
           May
           he
           entered
           into
           
           Naples
           ,
           where
           he
           gave
           Cicero
           a
           visit
           .
           From
           thence
           as
           he
           was
           going
           to
           Rome
           there
           met
           him
           a
           vast
           company
           
           of
           his
           Friends
           ,
           and
           as
           he
           entered
           the
           City
           ,
           the
           Globe
           of
           the
           Sun
           seemed
           to
           compasse
           his
           Head
           round
           like
           unto
           a
           Bow
           ,
           as
           it
           were
           ,
           putting
           a
           Crown
           upon
           his
           Head
           ,
           who
           afterward
           was
           to
           be
           so
           great
           a
           man
           :
           and
           at
           night
           ,
           calling
           together
           his
           Friends
           ,
           he
           commanded
           them
           to
           be
           ready
           the
           next
           morning
           ,
           with
           good
           store
           of
           followers
           ,
           to
           meet
           him
           in
           the
           Market-place
           ,
           which
           was
           done
           accordingly
           ;
           and
           he
           going
           to
           Caius
           ,
           the
           City
           Praetor
           ,
           and
           Brother
           to
           Anthony
           ,
           he
           told
           him
           that
           he
           did
           accept
           of
           the
           Adoption
           .
           For
           it
           was
           the
           Roman
           custome
           in
           Adoptions
           to
           interpose
           the
           authority
           of
           the
           Praetor
           :
           which
           acceptance
           being
           Regisired
           by
           the
           Scribes
           ,
           from
           thence
           he
           presently
           went
           to
           
             Mark
             Anthony
          
           the
           Consul
           ,
           who
           behaved
           himself
           
           proudly
           towards
           him
           ,
           and
           scarcely
           admitting
           him
           into
           Pompeys
           Gardens
           ,
           gave
           him
           time
           to
           speak
           with
           him
           .
        
         
           Octavitanus
           had
           a
           great
           mind
           to
           revenge
           the
           Death
           of
           
             Julius
             Caesar
          
           ;
           but
           by
           his
           Mother
           ,
           and
           Philip
           his
           Father
           in
           Law
           he
           was
           advised
           to
           conceal
           his
           Purpose
           for
           a
           time
           ,
           both
           because
           the
           Senate
           had
           approved
           his
           Death
           ,
           and
           because
           
             Mark
             Anthony
          
           ,
           who
           was
           principally
           to
           assist
           him
           therein
           ,
           did
           not
           shew
           himself
           very
           friendly
           to
           him
           .
           Octavianus
           understanding
           that
           
             Mark
             Anthony
          
           had
           in
           his
           custody
           all
           the
           Treasure
           that
           was
           left
           by
           
             Julius
             Caesar
          
           ,
           he
           desired
           him
           to
           command
           it
           to
           be
           delivered
           to
           him
           ,
           therewith
           to
           pay
           his
           debts
           ,
           and
           to
           distrubte
           it
           as
           Caesar
           had
           appointed
           in
           his
           Will
           :
           But
           Anthony
           with
           greater
           Pride
           than
           Octavianus
           could
           well
           bear
           ,
           not
           only
           refused
           what
           he
           demanded
           ,
           but
           reproved
           him
           for
           desiring
           it
           ;
           whereupon
           discords
           presently
           arose
           betwixt
           them
           :
           and
           Octavianus
           strengthened
           himself
           with
           the
           Counsel
           of
           Cicero
           ,
           a
           great
           enemy
           to
           Anthony
           ,
           and
           one
           whose
           authority
           at
           that
           time
           ,
           by
           reason
           of
           his
           Wisdom
           and
           Eloquence
           ,
           was
           very
           great
           .
        
         
           Anthony
           being
           Overseer
           of
           those
           things
           which
           Caesar
           had
           
           commanded
           to
           be
           done
           ,
           what
           by
           corrupting
           the
           Notes
           ,
           
           and
           changing
           them
           at
           his
           pleasure
           ,
           did
           what
           himself
           listed
           ,
           as
           if
           it
           had
           been
           the
           appointment
           of
           Caesan
           ;
           by
           this
           meanes
           ,
           gratifying
           Cities
           and
           Governours
           ,
           and
           heaping
           vast
           summes
           of
           money
           to
           himself
           ,
           selling
           not
           onely
           Fields
           and
           Tributes
           ,
           but
           freedomes
           and
           immunities
           even
           of
           the
           City
           of
           Rome
           ,
           and
           that
           not
           onely
           to
           particular
           Persons
           ,
           but
           to
           whole
           Provinces
           ,
           and
           of
           these
           things
           there
           were
           Tables
           hung
           up
           all
           over
           the
           Capitol
           .
        
         
           Octavianus
           being
           nineteen
           years
           old
           ,
           at
           his
           own
           charges
           gathered
           an
           Army
           ,
           and
           sought
           the
           favour
           of
           the
           People
           ,
           
           and
           prepared
           forces
           against
           Anthony
           for
           his
           own
           and
           the
           Commonwealths
           safety
           .
           He
           also
           stirred
           up
           the
           old
           Souldiers
           ,
           who
           by
           
             Julius
             Caesar
          
           had
           been
           planted
           in
           Colonies
           :
           so
           that
           Anthony
           being
           afraid
           of
           him
           ,
           by
           the
           mediation
           of
           Friends
           ▪
           had
           a
           conference
           with
           him
           in
           the
           Capitol
           ,
           and
           they
           were
           for
           the
           present
           reconciled
           :
           but
           within
           a
           few
           dayes
           ,
           through
           the
           whisperings
           of
           some
           ,
           their
           enmity
           brake
           our
           again
           ,
           and
           Anthony
           ,
           not
           thinking
           himself
           strong
           enough
           ,
           and
           knowing
           that
           the
           Legions
           of
           Macedonia
           were
           the
           best
           Souldiers
           ,
           and
           six
           in
           number
           ,
           with
           whom
           also
           were
           many
           Archers
           ,
           light
           harnessed
           men
           ,
           and
           Horsemen
           ,
           these
           he
           sought
           to
           draw
           to
           himself
           ,
           who
           ,
           because
           of
           their
           neernesse
           ,
           might
           presently
           be
           brought
           into
           Italy
           :
           and
           thereupon
           he
           caused
           a
           rumour
           to
           be
           spread
           ,
           that
           the
           Getae
           wasted
           Macedonia
           by
           their
           inrodes
           ;
           and
           upon
           that
           occasion
           he
           demanded
           an
           Army
           of
           the
           Senate
           ,
           saying
           ,
           that
           the
           Macedonian
           Army
           was
           raised
           by
           Caesar
           against
           the
           Getae
           ,
           before
           he
           intended
           the
           Parthian
           War
           ,
           whereupon
           he
           was
           chosen
           Generall
           of
           those
           Forces
           ,
           and
           he
           abtained
           a
           Law
           for
           the
           change
           of
           Provinces
           ,
           whereby
           his
           Brother
           
             Cains
             Anthony
          
           challenged
           Macedonia
           ,
           which
           before
           by
           lot
           fell
           to
           
             Marcus
             Brutus
          
           .
           
        
         
           On
           the
           seventh
           of
           the
           Ides
           of
           
             October
             Anthony
          
           went
           to
           Brundusium
           ,
           there
           to
           meet
           foure
           of
           the
           Macedonian
           Legions
           ,
           whom
           he
           thought
           to
           draw
           to
           himself
           by
           money
           .
           
           Thither
           also
           Octavianus
           sent
           his
           Friends
           with
           money
           to
           hire
           these
           Souldiers
           for
           himself
           ,
           and
           himself
           posted
           into
           Campania
           ,
           to
           engage
           those
           Souldiers
           which
           were
           in
           Colonies
           to
           take
           his
           part
           ;
           and
           first
           he
           drew
           to
           him
           the
           old
           Souldiers
           of
           Galatia
           ,
           then
           those
           of
           Casilinum
           on
           both
           sides
           of
           Capua
           ,
           giving
           to
           each
           man
           five
           hundred
           pence
           ,
           by
           which
           meanes
           he
           gat
           together
           about
           ten
           thousand
           men
           ,
           who
           marched
           with
           him
           under
           one
           Ensigne
           as
           a
           guard
           .
        
         
           In
           the
           mean
           while
           the
           four
           Legions
           of
           Macedonia
           ,
           accusing
           Anthony
           for
           his
           delayes
           in
           revenging
           Caesurs
           Death
           ,
           without
           any
           acclamations
           conducted
           him
           to
           the
           Tribunal
           ,
           as
           it
           were
           ,
           to
           hear
           an
           account
           of
           this
           matter
           ,
           and
           there
           continued
           silent
           .
           Anthony
           taking
           this
           ill
           ,
           upbraded
           them
           with
           their
           Ingratitude
           ,
           and
           complained
           that
           they
           had
           not
           brought
           to
           him
           some
           disturbers
           of
           the
           Peace
           ,
           who
           were
           sent
           from
           that
           malapert
           young
           man
           (
           for
           so
           he
           called
           Octavian
           )
           and
           to
           ingratiate
           himself
           with
           them
           ,
           he
           promised
           an
           hundred
           pence
           to
           each
           of
           them
           ,
           which
           niggardly
           promise
           was
           intertained
           with
           laughter
           ,
           
           which
           he
           took
           so
           ill
           ,
           that
           being
           returned
           to
           his
           Quarters
           ,
           in
           the
           presence
           of
           his
           most
           converous
           ,
           and
           most
           cruel
           Wife
           Fulvia
           ,
           he
           put
           to
           death
           some
           Centurions
           out
           of
           the
           Martian
           Legion
           .
        
         
           When
           those
           of
           Caesars
           party
           ,
           that
           were
           sent
           to
           corrupt
           the
           Souldiers
           ,
           saw
           that
           they
           were
           more
           exasperated
           by
           
           this
           deed
           ,
           they
           scattered
           Libels
           about
           the
           Army
           ,
           wherein
           they
           disgraced
           Anthony
           ,
           and
           extolled
           the
           liberality
           of
           Caesar.
           And
           when
           some
           sided
           with
           Octavian
           ,
           and
           others
           with
           Anthony
           ,
           the
           Army
           ,
           as
           if
           it
           had
           been
           set
           to
           sale
           at
           an
           outery
           ,
           addicted
           themselves
           to
           him
           that
           would
           give
           most
           .
           And
           because
           that
           
             Decius
             Brutus
          
           ,
           who
           commanded
           
             Gallia
             Cisalpirea
          
           (
           now
           Lombardy
           )
           opposed
           Anthony
           ,
           he
           went
           to
           besiege
           him
           in
           the
           City
           of
           Mutina
           (
           now
           Modena
           )
           which
           being
           known
           in
           
             Rome
             ,
             Cicero
          
           his
           authority
           and
           credit
           in
           the
           Senate
           was
           such
           ,
           that
           Mark
           
           Anthony
           was
           declared
           an
           enemy
           to
           the
           State
           ,
           and
           the
           new
           Consuls
           ,
           Hircius
           and
           Pansa
           were
           sem
           against
           him
           ,
           
           and
           with
           them
           was
           Octavian
           sent
           with
           Ensignes
           of
           a
           Consul
           ,
           and
           Title
           of
           a
           Pro-praetor
           ,
           having
           been
           first
           admitted
           into
           the
           Senate
           though
           so
           young
           ,
           which
           was
           done
           by
           the
           procurement
           of
           Cicero
           ,
           though
           he
           afterwards
           requited
           him
           ill
           for
           it
           .
        
         
           Octavian
           with
           the
           Consuls
           ,
           drew
           neer
           to
           
             Mark
             Anthony
             ,
             Cicero
          
           remaining
           to
           command
           in
           chief
           in
           all
           matters
           at
           Rome
           :
           and
           between
           the
           two
           Armies
           there
           passed
           many
           skirmishes
           and
           encounters
           ,
           and
           at
           last
           they
           came
           to
           a
           Battell
           ,
           wherein
           the
           Consuls
           and
           Caesar
           had
           the
           Victory
           ,
           but
           Hircius
           was
           slaine
           in
           the
           Battell
           ,
           and
           
           Pansa
           was
           so
           wounded
           ,
           that
           he
           died
           within
           a
           few
           dayes
           after
           ,
           and
           both
           the
           Armies
           of
           the
           slaine
           Consuls
           obeyed
           Caesar.
           By
           this
           meanes
           
             D.
             Brutus
          
           was
           freed
           from
           his
           siege
           ,
           and
           Anthony
           was
           forced
           to
           forsake
           Italy
           by
           a
           dishonourable
           flight
           ,
           leaving
           his
           baggage
           behind
           him
           .
           In
           this
           service
           Octavian
           made
           marvelous
           proof
           of
           himself
           ,
           being
           but
           twenty
           years
           old
           ,
           performing
           the
           Office
           ,
           not
           onely
           of
           a
           good
           Captaine
           ,
           but
           also
           of
           a
           stout
           Souldier
           :
           For
           seeing
           the
           Standart
           ▪
           bearer
           sore
           wounded
           and
           ready
           to
           fall
           ,
           Octavian
           took
           from
           him
           the
           Eagle
           ,
           and
           bare
           it
           a
           great
           while
           till
           he
           had
           lodged
           it
           in
           safety
           .
        
         
           
             Mark
             Anthony
          
           after
           the
           Battell
           ,
           gathering
           the
           remainders
           
           of
           his
           Army
           ,
           passed
           the
           Alps
           and
           went
           into
           France
           ,
           solliciting
           the
           Friendship
           of
           Lepidus
           ,
           who
           was
           there
           with
           an
           Army
           ever
           since
           the
           Death
           of
           
             Julius
             Caesar
          
           ,
           whom
           after
           some
           treaties
           he
           made
           his
           Friend
           :
           and
           Octavian
           after
           the
           Victory
           obtained
           ,
           presently
           sent
           to
           the
           Senate
           to
           require
           a
           Triumph
           for
           his
           Victory
           ,
           as
           also
           the
           Counsulship
           for
           the
           remainder
           of
           the
           year
           in
           the
           roome
           of
           the
           dead
           Consuls
           ,
           with
           their
           succession
           in
           their
           charge
           ,
           and
           command
           of
           the
           Army
           .
           But
           the
           answer
           of
           the
           Senate
           was
           not
           according
           to
           his
           desire
           :
           For
           the
           Friends
           and
           Kinsmen
           of
           those
           that
           had
           murthered
           Caesar
           began
           to
           fear
           him
           ,
           and
           to
           suspect
           his
           power
           ,
           wherefore
           they
           prevailed
           to
           delay
           that
           which
           he
           required
           ,
           and
           in
           the
           end
           they
           resolved
           to
           assign
           the
           Army
           to
           
             Decius
             Brutus
          
           ,
           
           and
           temporizing
           with
           Octavian
           ,
           they
           granted
           him
           a
           Triumph
           ,
           but
           denied
           him
           the
           Consulship
           ,
           whereat
           he
           was
           much
           discontented
           ,
           and
           therefore
           secretly
           treated
           of
           friendship
           with
           
             Mark
             Anthony
          
           ,
           and
           having
           drawn
           to
           himself
           the
           affections
           of
           the
           Army
           ,
           he
           therewith
           
           marched
           towards
           Rome
           ,
           and
           approaching
           near
           to
           the
           City
           ,
           in
           dispite
           of
           the
           Senate
           ,
           he
           caused
           himself
           to
           be
           chosen
           Consul
           being
           not
           fully
           twenty
           years
           old
           .
           Then
           did
           he
           cause
           accusations
           to
           be
           exhibited
           against
           Brutus
           ,
           and
           Cassius
           ,
           and
           the
           rest
           of
           the
           Conspirators
           ;
           and
           in
           their
           absence
           ,
           having
           none
           that
           durst
           defend
           their
           cause
           ,
           they
           were
           condemned
           .
           After
           this
           was
           done
           he
           left
           the
           City
           ,
           and
           with
           his
           Army
           marched
           toward
           Anthony
           ,
           and
           Lepidus
           ,
           who
           were
           already
           entred
           into
           Italy
           .
        
         
           
             Decius
             Brutus
          
           hearing
           of
           the
           Treaties
           and
           League
           that
           was
           made
           between
           
             Octavian
             ,
             Lepidus
          
           and
           
             Mark
             Anthony
          
           ,
           not
           daring
           to
           stay
           in
           that
           Country
           ,
           departed
           with
           his
           Army
           ,
           which
           soon
           forsook
           him
           ,
           some
           going
           to
           Caesar
           ,
           others
           to
           
             Mark
             Anthony
          
           ,
           whereupon
           he
           fled
           ,
           but
           being
           at
           last
           taken
           ,
           he
           was
           brought
           to
           
             Mark
             Anthony
          
           ,
           who
           caused
           his
           Head
           to
           be
           cut
           off
           .
           The
           Armies
           of
           these
           Captaines
           drawing
           neere
           together
           ,
           to
           whom
           
             Assinius
             Pollio
          
           ,
           and
           Plancus
           ,
           with
           their
           Legions
           were
           joyned
           ,
           these
           three
           
             Octavian
             Caesar
             ,
             Mark
             Anthony
          
           ,
           and
           Lepidus
           ,
           meeting
           ,
           after
           three
           dayes
           debate
           ,
           they
           concluded
           their
           accursed
           Peace
           ;
           and
           these
           firebrands
           of
           sedition
           entered
           into
           a
           Triumvirate
           ,
           with
           
           severall
           intents
           and
           designes
           .
           Lepidus
           was
           covetous
           ,
           and
           sought
           riches
           by
           troubling
           the
           State.
           Anthony
           was
           by
           nature
           an
           enemy
           to
           Peace
           ,
           and
           to
           the
           Common-wealth
           ,
           desiring
           an
           opportunity
           to
           be
           revenged
           of
           those
           who
           had
           declared
           him
           an
           enemy
           to
           the
           State.
           And
           Octavian
           sought
           revenge
           upon
           Brutus
           ,
           and
           Cassius
           ,
           and
           those
           who
           had
           slaine
           his
           adopted
           Father
           .
           And
           to
           bring
           these
           things
           to
           passe
           ,
           Octavian
           put
           away
           his
           Wife
           who
           was
           Daughter
           to
           Servilius
           ,
           and
           contracted
           himself
           to
           Claudia
           ,
           Daughter
           in
           Law
           to
           Anthony
           by
           
           his
           Wife
           Fulvia
           ,
           who
           was
           now
           a
           child
           ,
           and
           from
           whom
           he
           was
           afterward
           divorced
           by
           reason
           of
           the
           discord
           that
           arose
           between
           Anthony
           and
           him
           .
        
         
           In
           this
           League
           which
           they
           made
           ,
           besides
           dividing
           the
           Provinces
           amongst
           themselves
           ,
           they
           agreed
           to
           Proscribe
           and
           kill
           each
           of
           them
           his
           enemies
           ,
           and
           the
           one
           
           delivered
           them
           into
           the
           others
           hands
           ,
           having
           more
           respect
           to
           be
           revenged
           upon
           an
           enemy
           then
           to
           save
           a
           Friend
           ;
           and
           so
           there
           was
           made
           the
           most
           cruel
           and
           inhumane
           Proscription
           ,
           and
           Butchery
           that
           ever
           was
           before
           heard
           of
           ,
           giving
           and
           exchanging
           Friends
           ,
           and
           Kinsmen
           for
           enemies
           .
           For
           
             Mark
             Anthony
          
           gave
           up
           his
           Fathers
           Brother
           :
           and
           Lepidus
           his
           own
           Brother
           ,
           Lucius
           
           Paulus
           :
           and
           
             Octavian
             ;
             M.
             T.
             Cicero
          
           ,
           whom
           he
           called
           Father
           ,
           and
           who
           had
           intreated
           and
           honoured
           him
           as
           a
           Son.
           And
           besides
           these
           ,
           they
           Proscribed
           and
           condemned
           to
           die
           three
           hundred
           other
           Principall
           men
           of
           Rome
           ,
           amongst
           whom
           were
           about
           one
           hundred
           and
           fourty
           Senators
           ,
           besides
           two
           thousand
           Romans
           of
           the
           order
           of
           Knighthood
           .
        
         
           This
           agreement
           being
           made
           ,
           they
           all
           three
           went
           to
           Rome
           ,
           where
           they
           took
           upon
           them
           the
           Government
           of
           the
           Commonwealth
           by
           the
           name
           of
           Triumvirat
           ,
           the
           time
           being
           limited
           to
           five
           years
           ,
           though
           they
           never
           meant
           to
           leave
           the
           same
           .
           And
           presently
           after
           ,
           those
           who
           were
           condemned
           and
           Proscribed
           ,
           were
           by
           their
           commandement
           put
           to
           death
           ,
           being
           sought
           out
           in
           all
           parts
           and
           places
           ;
           their
           Houses
           were
           ransacked
           ,
           and
           their
           goods
           confiscated
           .
        
         
           Cicero
           understanding
           that
           his
           name
           was
           in
           the
           Catalogue
           
           amongst
           the
           Proscripts
           ,
           onely
           because
           he
           had
           been
           a
           lover
           of
           Roman
           Liberty
           ,
           he
           fled
           to
           the
           Sea
           ,
           where
           he
           embarked
           himself
           ,
           but
           so
           hard
           was
           his
           hap
           ,
           that
           by
           contrary
           winds
           he
           was
           driven
           back
           to
           the
           shore
           ,
           whereupon
           ,
           returning
           to
           some
           possessions
           of
           his
           neere
           Capua
           ,
           not
           far
           from
           the
           Sea
           ,
           as
           he
           lay
           sleeping
           there
           ,
           he
           was
           awakened
           by
           some
           Crowes
           which
           with
           their
           bils
           pluckt
           his
           cloaths
           from
           his
           back
           .
           His
           
           servants
           being
           moved
           with
           this
           ill
           presage
           ,
           put
           him
           into
           his
           Litter
           ,
           and
           again
           carried
           him
           towards
           the
           Sea
           :
           but
           being
           overtaken
           by
           the
           murtherers
           ,
           he
           put
           his
           neck
           
           out
           of
           his
           Litter
           ,
           and
           they
           cut
           off
           his
           Head
           ,
           and
           his
           right
           hand
           ,
           wherewith
           he
           had
           written
           his
           Orations
           a
           gainst
           
             Mark
             Anthony
          
           called
           Philippicks
           :
           And
           thus
           was
           he
           slaine
           by
           one
           whom
           he
           had
           defended
           ,
           and
           delivered
           from
           death
           .
           Anthony
           joyfully
           received
           his
           hand
           ,
           and
           caused
           it
           to
           be
           nailed
           up
           in
           the
           place
           where
           he
           was
           wont
           to
           plead
           ,
           to
           which
           all
           the
           People
           repaired
           to
           behold
           so
           wofull
           and
           miserable
           a
           spectacle
           ,
           of
           whom
           there
           was
           not
           any
           one
           but
           was
           heartily
           sorry
           for
           the
           Death
           of
           so
           great
           a
           Personage
           ,
           and
           so
           fervent
           a
           lover
           of
           his
           Country
           .
           
             Salvius
             Otho
          
           ,
           a
           Tribune
           of
           the
           People
           ,
           invited
           his
           Friends
           to
           his
           last
           Supper
           ,
           and
           as
           they
           were
           
           sitting
           ,
           in
           came
           a
           Centurion
           ,
           and
           in
           the
           presence
           of
           them
           all
           ,
           strake
           off
           his
           Head.
           Minutius
           the
           Praetor
           was
           slaine
           ,
           sitting
           in
           his
           seat
           of
           Judgment
           .
           
             L.
             Villius
             Annalis
          
           ,
           who
           had
           been
           Consul
           ,
           flying
           from
           the
           murtherers
           ,
           hid
           himself
           in
           the
           Suburbs
           in
           a
           little
           House
           of
           one
           of
           his
           clients
           ,
           
           but
           his
           own
           Son
           betrayed
           him
           to
           the
           murtherers
           ,
           who
           slew
           him
           there
           ;
           but
           shortly
           after
           this
           Parricide
           being
           drunken
           ,
           quarrelling
           with
           the
           same
           Souldiers
           ,
           was
           slaine
           by
           them
           .
           
             C.
             Toranius
          
           also
           being
           betrayed
           by
           his
           own
           Son
           ,
           was
           slaine
           ,
           who
           in
           a
           few
           dayes
           having
           consumed
           his
           Patrimony
           ,
           was
           condemned
           for
           Theft
           ,
           and
           banished
           into
           a
           place
           where
           he
           died
           miserably
           .
        
         
           
             Quintus
             Cicero
          
           was
           hid
           by
           his
           Son
           ,
           whom
           they
           could
           
           never
           make
           to
           confesse
           by
           any
           torments
           where
           his
           Father
           was
           ;
           but
           the
           old
           man
           ,
           not
           being
           able
           any
           longer
           to
           endure
           that
           they
           should
           torment
           so
           vertuous
           a
           Son
           ,
           came
           and
           presented
           himself
           to
           the
           Murtherers
           :
           whereupon
           the
           Son
           entreated
           them
           to
           kill
           him
           first
           ,
           but
           they
           killed
           them
           both
           together
           .
           The
           Egnaces
           ;
           the
           Father
           and
           Son
           ,
           embracing
           one
           the
           other
           were
           both
           run
           through
           at
           once
           and
           slaine
           .
           
             C.
             Hosidius
             Geta
          
           ,
           was
           put
           into
           a
           grave
           by
           his
           Son
           as
           dead
           ,
           who
           sustained
           and
           kept
           
           him
           till
           the
           danger
           was
           over
           .
           Aruntius
           ,
           after
           he
           had
           comfored
           his
           Son
           ,
           delivered
           up
           himself
           to
           the
           murtherers
           ,
           but
           his
           Son
           for
           griefe
           famished
           himself
           .
           Some
           other
           Children
           carefully
           hid
           ,
           and
           preserved
           their
           Parents
           .
        
         
           Tanusia
           was
           such
           an
           importunate
           suitor
           to
           Caesar
           for
           her
           Husband
           
             T.
             Junius
          
           that
           she
           preserved
           his
           life
           :
           He
           
           was
           in
           the
           intrim
           hidden
           by
           Philopoemen
           ,
           his
           bondmen
           enfranchised
           ,
           whom
           Caesar
           afterwards
           Knighted
           for
           his
           fidelity
           to
           his
           Master
           .
           
             Q.
             Ligurius
          
           haivng
           been
           concealed
           by
           his
           Wife
           ,
           was
           discovered
           by
           a
           slave
           ,
           and
           killed
           ,
           whereupon
           his
           Wife
           pined
           her self
           to
           death
           .
           
             Lucretius
             Vespilio
          
           ,
           having
           passed
           many
           dangers
           whilst
           he
           sought
           to
           hide
           himself
           here
           and
           there
           ,
           at
           last
           came
           to
           his
           Wife
           Shuria
           ,
           who
           hid
           him
           between
           the
           Sealing
           and
           the
           top
           of
           the
           House
           till
           she
           had
           begged
           his
           Life
           of
           the
           
             Triumvirs
             .
             Apuleius
          
           was
           saved
           by
           his
           Wife
           ,
           who
           fled
           away
           with
           him
           .
           Antius
           his
           Wife
           wrapped
           him
           up
           in
           Coverlets
           ,
           and
           caused
           him
           to
           be
           carried
           to
           the
           Sea
           side
           as
           a
           pack
           of
           stuff
           ,
           where
           he
           embarked
           and
           sailed
           into
           
             Sicily
             .
             Coponius
          
           was
           saved
           by
           his
           Wife
           ,
           who
           lent
           her
           Body
           to
           Anthony
           for
           one
           night
           ,
           to
           save
           him
           whom
           she
           preferred
           before
           her
           honour
           .
        
         
           But
           the
           Wife
           of
           Septimius
           ,
           having
           shamefully
           given
           her
           Body
           to
           one
           of
           Anthonies
           Familiars
           ,
           caused
           her
           
           Husband
           to
           be
           put
           into
           the
           number
           of
           the
           Poscripts
           ,
           that
           she
           might
           the
           more
           freely
           continue
           her
           Adulteries
           ,
           and
           her
           Husband
           was
           slaine
           by
           her
           meanes
           .
           
             Q.
             Vettius
             Salussus
          
           was
           hidden
           in
           a
           very
           secret
           place
           ,
           but
           acquainting
           his
           Wife
           with
           it
           ,
           she
           betrayed
           him
           to
           the
           murtherers
           .
           Fulvius
           was
           discovered
           by
           one
           of
           his
           slaves
           and
           his
           Concubine
           ,
           though
           he
           had
           made
           her
           free
           ,
           and
           given
           her
           goods
           wherewithall
           to
           maintaine
           her self
           .
        
         
           
             P.
             Naso
          
           was
           betraid
           by
           his
           slave
           enfranchised
           ,
           with
           
           whom
           he
           had
           been
           too
           familiar
           ,
           but
           he
           revenged
           himself
           upon
           his
           slave
           ,
           whom
           he
           killed
           ,
           and
           then
           held
           forth
           his
           neck
           to
           the
           cut
           throats
           .
           
             L.
             Lucceius
          
           had
           put
           into
           
           the
           hands
           of
           two
           of
           his
           Freedmen
           as
           much
           as
           would
           have
           relieved
           him
           in
           his
           Banishment
           ,
           but
           they
           ran
           away
           with
           all
           ,
           whereupon
           he
           delivered
           himself
           to
           the
           murtherers
           .
           Haterius
           ,
           who
           had
           hid
           himself
           in
           a
           very
           secret
           place
           ,
           was
           sold
           and
           betrayed
           by
           his
           slave
           ,
           and
           killed
           .
           
             Cassius
             Varus
          
           who
           was
           betrayed
           by
           a
           slave
           made
           free
           ,
           had
           his
           Head
           struck
           off
           .
           
             Caius
             Plotius
          
           was
           hiden
           by
           his
           slaves
           ,
           but
           being
           given
           to
           Perfumes
           ,
           the
           sent
           thereof
           discovered
           him
           ;
           yet
           when
           the
           Souldiers
           could
           not
           find
           him
           ,
           they
           cruelly
           tormented
           his
           
           Servants
           to
           make
           them
           confesse
           where
           he
           was
           ,
           which
           yet
           they
           would
           not
           do
           :
           But
           the
           Master
           pitting
           his
           faithfull
           servants
           ,
           came
           out
           of
           his
           secret
           place
           ,
           and
           delivered
           himself
           to
           the
           murtherers
           .
        
         
           
             Appius
             Claudius
          
           changed
           his
           Gown
           with
           his
           slave
           ,
           who
           in
           that
           habit
           presented
           himself
           to
           the
           murtherers
           ,
           and
           was
           slain
           by
           them
           instead
           of
           his
           Master
           .
           Another
           slave
           of
           Menius
           did
           the
           like
           :
           for
           he
           went
           into
           his
           Masters
           Litter
           ,
           and
           offered
           his
           neck
           to
           the
           murtherers
           ,
           who
           cut
           off
           his
           Head
           ,
           and
           so
           his
           Master
           escaped
           into
           Sicily
           .
           The
           slave
           of
           
             Urbinus
             Panopio
          
           ,
           hearing
           that
           the
           murtherers
           were
           comming
           to
           his
           Masters
           House
           ,
           took
           off
           his
           Gown
           and
           his
           Ring
           ,
           and
           gave
           him
           his
           own
           apparrel
           ,
           and
           put
           him
           out
           at
           a
           back
           doore
           :
           then
           he
           went
           up
           and
           lay
           upon
           his
           Masters
           Bed
           ,
           where
           he
           boldly
           attended
           them
           that
           killed
           him
           for
           Panopio
           .
           The
           slave
           of
           
             Antius
             Restio
          
           ,
           though
           his
           Master
           had
           soundly
           beaten
           him
           a
           few
           dayes
           before
           for
           some
           knavish
           tricks
           ,
           yet
           to
           save
           his
           Master
           ,
           meeting
           an
           old
           man
           by
           the
           way
           ,
           he
           struck
           off
           his
           Head
           ,
           and
           shewing
           that
           ,
           with
           his
           whippings
           to
           the
           murtherers
           ,
           he
           made
           them
           believe
           that
           thus
           he
           had
           revenged
           himself
           of
           his
           Master
           ,
           with
           whom
           he
           shortly
           after
           fled
           into
           Sicily
           .
           The
           slaves
           of
           
             Martius
             Censorinus
          
           kept
           their
           Master
           secretly
           ,
           till
           he
           had
           oportunity
           to
           escape
           into
           Sicily
           to
           
             Sextus
             Pompeius
          
           .
        
         
           
             Q.
             Oppius
          
           ,
           an
           honourable
           old
           man
           ,
           being
           very
           neere
           
           taking
           ,
           was
           rescued
           by
           his
           Son
           ,
           who
           conveying
           him
           out
           of
           Rome
           ,
           carried
           him
           upon
           his
           shoulders
           ,
           and
           sent
           
           him
           into
           Sicily
           ,
           where
           all
           the
           poor
           distressed
           Romans
           were
           courteously
           intertained
           by
           
             S.
             Pompeius
          
           ,
           who
           sent
           forth
           Ships
           ,
           and
           Galleys
           to
           lie
           upon
           the
           coast
           of
           Italy
           ,
           ready
           to
           receive
           all
           them
           that
           fled
           to
           him
           ;
           doubly
           rewarding
           those
           that
           saved
           any
           that
           was
           Proscribed
           :
           He
           gave
           also
           honourable
           Offices
           to
           all
           that
           had
           been
           Consuls
           ,
           and
           comforting
           the
           rest
           with
           singular
           courtesie
           .
           Many
           others
           fled
           into
           Macedonia
           to
           Brutus
           and
           Cassius
           :
           others
           into
           Africk
           to
           
             Cornificius
             .
             Statius
             Samnis
          
           ,
           an
           honourable
           Senator
           being
           about
           eighty
           years
           old
           ,
           that
           those
           Theeves
           might
           have
           no
           part
           of
           his
           Goods
           ,
           he
           gave
           them
           for
           a
           prey
           to
           whomsoever
           would
           take
           them
           ;
           then
           setting
           his
           House
           on
           fire
           he
           burnt
           himself
           in
           it
           .
           Aponius
           having
           been
           long
           concealed
           by
           his
           slave
           ,
           grew
           weary
           of
           that
           confinement
           ,
           came
           out
           into
           the
           Market-place
           ,
           and
           yeilded
           his
           neck
           to
           the
           murtherers
           .
           Cestius
           being
           in
           the
           like
           condition
           ,
           caused
           his
           slaves
           ,
           to
           make
           a
           great
           fire
           ,
           threw
           himself
           into
           it
           and
           died
           :
           
             Sulpitus
             Rufus
          
           ,
           who
           had
           been
           Consul
           ,
           was
           murthred
           because
           he
           would
           not
           sell
           an
           Isle
           of
           his
           to
           Fulvia
           :
           also
           
             Ampius
             Balbus
          
           was
           slaine
           ,
           because
           he
           
           would
           not
           give
           her
           a
           pleasant
           place
           of
           his
           .
        
         
           
             M.
             Anthony
          
           put
           into
           the
           number
           of
           Proscripts
           a
           Senator
           called
           
             Nonius
             Struma
          
           ,
           onely
           to
           get
           from
           him
           an
           
           Emerod
           esteemed
           worth
           fifty
           Thousand
           Crowns
           :
           but
           Nonius
           found
           a
           meanes
           to
           escape
           with
           his
           Emerod
           ,
           to
           the
           great
           grief
           of
           Anthony
           .
           Some
           valiantly
           defended
           themselves
           ,
           as
           
             Atteius
             Capito
          
           ,
           who
           killed
           many
           Souldiers
           
           who
           came
           rudely
           running
           upon
           him
           ,
           but
           being
           at
           last
           oppressed
           with
           multitudes
           ,
           he
           was
           slaine
           .
           Vetulinus
           ,
           assisted
           by
           his
           Son
           ,
           valiantly
           repulsed
           the
           murtherers
           ,
           but
           at
           last
           was
           slaine
           .
           
             Sicilias
             Coranas
          
           hoping
           to
           escape
           ,
           put
           himself
           amongst
           the
           Mourners
           that
           followed
           a
           dead
           Corpse
           ,
           but
           being
           discovered
           was
           slaine
           .
        
         
           The
           Triumviri
           caused
           the
           goods
           of
           the
           Proscripts
           to
           be
           sold
           by
           the
           Drum
           ,
           at
           such
           prizes
           as
           the
           Souldiers
           pleased
           ,
           yet
           most
           part
           of
           them
           was
           spoiled
           and
           given
           
           away
           .
           They
           promised
           also
           to
           Widdowes
           their
           Joyntures
           ,
           and
           to
           Sons
           the
           tenth
           part
           of
           their
           Fathers
           Patrimony
           ,
           and
           to
           Daughters
           the
           twentieth
           part
           ,
           but
           few
           or
           none
           had
           any
           benefit
           by
           this
           promise
           ;
           yea
           ,
           on
           the
           contrary
           ,
           they
           sacked
           many
           of
           them
           that
           demanded
           
           these
           rights
           .
           They
           exacted
           great
           summes
           of
           money
           in
           Rome
           ,
           and
           all
           over
           Italy
           ;
           and
           to
           encourage
           the
           Souldiers
           ,
           they
           gave
           them
           unmeasurable
           gifts
           ,
           and
           granted
           them
           daily
           new
           pillage
           .
           The
           Legions
           they
           Wintered
           in
           the
           richest
           Cities
           upon
           free
           Quarter
           .
           To
           be
           short
           ,
           men
           by
           fear
           and
           custome
           were
           so
           inured
           to
           slavery
           ,
           that
           they
           became
           more
           slaves
           than
           the
           Tyrants
           would
           have
           had
           them
           .
        
         
           These
           three
           men
           having
           done
           what
           they
           would
           in
           Rome
           ,
           and
           knowing
           that
           Brutus
           and
           Cassius
           had
           a
           very
           great
           Army
           in
           Greece
           ,
           who
           called
           themselves
           the
           
             Deliverers
             of
             their
             Country
          
           ,
           saying
           that
           they
           would
           go
           and
           and
           set
           Rome
           at
           liberty
           from
           oppression
           :
           Cassius
           having
           overthrown
           and
           slaine
           Dolabella
           in
           Syria
           :
           and
           being
           informed
           ,
           that
           by
           the
           assistance
           of
           their
           Friends
           ,
           they
           had
           gotten
           together
           eighteen
           Legions
           ,
           hereupon
           
             Mark
             Anthony
          
           ,
           and
           Octavian
           resolved
           to
           go
           against
           them
           with
           the
           greatest
           Army
           that
           they
           could
           possibly
           make
           of
           old
           Souldiers
           ,
           and
           that
           Lepidus
           should
           stay
           to
           guard
           Rome
           :
           and
           accordingly
           they
           departed
           ,
           
           and
           arrived
           in
           Greece
           ,
           and
           marching
           on
           ,
           they
           drew
           neer
           to
           the
           place
           where
           Brutus
           and
           Cassius
           were
           encamped
           ,
           which
           was
           in
           Macedonia
           in
           the
           Philippick
           Fields
           .
        
         
           Before
           they
           came
           to
           joyn
           Battell
           there
           were
           sundry
           
           Prodigies
           :
           for
           fowles
           of
           prey
           hovered
           about
           the
           Camp
           of
           Brutus
           as
           if
           it
           had
           been
           their
           own
           already
           :
           and
           as
           they
           marched
           out
           to
           Battell
           ,
           a
           Blackmoore
           met
           them
           ,
           which
           they
           accounted
           an
           ill
           
             Omen
             .
             Brutus
          
           being
           alone
           in
           his
           Tent
           at
           night
           ,
           a
           man
           sad
           and
           gastly
           appeared
           to
           him
           ,
           and
           being
           asked
           what
           he
           was
           ,
           he
           answered
           ,
           I
           
           
             am
             they
             evill
             Genius
          
           ,
           and
           so
           vanished
           :
           But
           on
           the
           contrary
           .
           Birds
           ,
           and
           Beasts
           promised
           good
           successe
           to
           Caesar
           .
           
           These
           Armies
           lying
           so
           neere
           together
           had
           frequent
           skirmishes
           ,
           and
           at
           last
           came
           to
           a
           Battell
           ,
           where
           the
           Victory
           was
           strangely
           divided
           :
           For
           Brutus
           on
           the
           
           one
           side
           of
           the
           Field
           ,
           did
           beat
           Octavian
           ,
           and
           put
           his
           Battalion
           to
           rout
           ,
           pursuing
           them
           into
           the
           Camp
           ,
           where
           many
           of
           them
           were
           slaine
           ;
           and
           while
           Brutus
           was
           following
           his
           Victory
           ,
           his
           partner
           Cassius
           was
           overthrown
           by
           
             Mark
             Anthony
          
           ,
           though
           he
           did
           all
           that
           was
           possible
           to
           encourage
           his
           men
           ,
           and
           by
           reason
           of
           the
           clouds
           of
           dust
           ,
           knew
           nothing
           of
           Brutus
           his
           Victory
           ,
           whereupon
           retiring
           to
           an
           high
           ground
           ,
           he
           there
           pitched
           his
           Tent
           :
           and
           so
           standing
           and
           looking
           about
           ,
           he
           saw
           Brutus
           his
           Troops
           comming
           to
           his
           aid
           ,
           and
           to
           relieve
           him
           ;
           but
           he
           imagining
           that
           they
           came
           flying
           before
           their
           enemies
           ,
           commanded
           a
           slave
           of
           his
           whom
           he
           had
           made
           free
           to
           kill
           him
           ,
           who
           did
           it
           accordingly
           .
        
         
           Octavians
           men
           that
           escaped
           by
           flight
           ,
           retired
           to
           
             Mark
             Anthonies
          
           Camp
           ,
           and
           had
           not
           Brutus
           his
           men
           busied
           themselves
           in
           ransacking
           Octavians
           Camp
           ,
           they
           had
           that
           day
           ,
           obtained
           an
           intire
           Victory
           :
           for
           they
           might
           in
           due
           time
           have
           rescued
           ,
           and
           relieved
           Cassius
           ,
           and
           both
           of
           them
           being
           joyned
           together
           might
           easily
           have
           overthrown
           
             Mark
             Anthony
          
           :
           but
           God
           had
           otherwise
           determined
           .
           The
           Victory
           being
           thus
           devided
           ,
           the
           Generals
           of
           either
           party
           gathered
           their
           forces
           together
           ,
           and
           of
           Brutus
           side
           ,
           were
           slaine
           eight
           thousand
           men
           ,
           and
           of
           the
           enemies
           side
           a
           far
           greater
           number
           .
           Brutus
           did
           his
           best
           to
           encourage
           and
           comfort
           his
           Souldiers
           ,
           and
           the
           Gentlemen
           which
           followed
           Cassius
           :
           and
           the
           next
           day
           ,
           though
           both
           Armies
           were
           put
           in
           Battell
           array
           ,
           yet
           they
           fought
           not
           ;
           but
           a
           few
           dayes
           after
           ,
           Brutus
           ,
           by
           his
           Souldiers
           ,
           was
           forced
           to
           come
           to
           an
           other
           Battell
           ,
           who
           was
           of
           himself
           willing
           rather
           to
           delay
           and
           prolong
           the
           War
           ,
           knowing
           that
           his
           enemies
           wanted
           Victuals
           ,
           and
           many
           other
           necessaries
           ,
           and
           because
           he
           reposed
           no
           great
           trust
           in
           the
           forces
           of
           Cassius
           :
           for
           he
           found
           that
           they
           were
           fearfull
           ,
           
           and
           hard
           to
           be
           commanded
           because
           of
           their
           late
           overthrow
           .
           
           When
           they
           came
           to
           the
           second
           encounter
           ,
           Brutus
           did
           all
           the
           Offices
           of
           an
           able
           Generall
           ,
           and
           of
           a
           Valiant
           Knight
           ,
           yet
           in
           the
           end
           his
           men
           were
           broken
           ,
           and
           overthown
           by
           the
           enemy
           .
           Burtus
           having
           gathered
           his
           scattered
           Troops
           together
           ,
           found
           himself
           unable
           to
           make
           any
           further
           resistance
           ,
           and
           being
           advised
           by
           some
           of
           his
           Friends
           to
           fly
           ,
           he
           told
           them
           ,
           
             That
             so
             be
             would
             ,
             yet
             not
             with
             his
             feet
             but
             with
             his
             hands
             ,
          
           and
           thereupon
           ,
           taking
           a
           Sword
           from
           a
           servant
           of
           his
           called
           Stratus
           ,
           he
           slew
           himself
           .
           Thus
           Octavian
           ,
           and
           
             Mark
             Anthony
          
           
           remained
           Victors
           ,
           and
           Masters
           of
           the
           Field
           ,
           and
           all
           things
           succeeded
           according
           to
           Caesars
           desire
           ,
           for
           whom
           ,
           God
           in
           his
           secret
           Counsell
           ,
           had
           reserved
           the
           Monarchy
           of
           the
           whole
           World
           ,
           which
           for
           the
           present
           was
           devided
           between
           three
           .
        
         
           These
           Wars
           being
           ended
           ,
           and
           the
           Legions
           of
           Brutus
           ,
           and
           Cassius
           ,
           reduced
           to
           the
           obedience
           of
           the
           Conquerors
           ,
           Octavian
           ,
           and
           
             Mark
             Anthony
          
           agreed
           ,
           and
           resolved
           ,
           that
           Anthony
           should
           remaine
           to
           Govern
           Greece
           ,
           and
           Asia
           ,
           that
           Lepidus
           should
           go
           into
           Africk
           ,
           and
           that
           Octavian
           should
           returne
           to
           Rome
           :
           and
           accordingly
           
             Mark
             Anthony
          
           went
           into
           Asia
           ,
           where
           he
           gave
           himself
           up
           to
           sensuality
           
           and
           delights
           with
           the
           fair
           ,
           but
           wanton
           Cleopatra
           ,
           Queen
           of
           Aegypt
           ,
           and
           Octavian
           ,
           though
           with
           some
           hindrances
           ,
           by
           reason
           of
           his
           health
           ,
           at
           last
           came
           to
           Rome
           .
        
         
           Not
           long
           after
           there
           arose
           new
           Wars
           and
           troubles
           for
           though
           Octavian
           was
           at
           peace
           with
           Lepidus
           who
           was
           now
           in
           
             Africk
             ,
             Octavian
          
           having
           under
           his
           command
           
           
             Spain
             ,
             France
          
           ,
           part
           of
           
             Germany
             ,
             Italy
          
           ,
           and
           Illyricum
           ,
           yet
           
             Lucius
             Antonius
          
           ,
           who
           at
           this
           time
           was
           Consul
           ,
           being
           provoked
           thereto
           by
           his
           Sister
           in
           Law
           Fulvia
           ,
           Wife
           to
           
             Mark
             Anthony
          
           ,
           began
           to
           oppose
           himself
           against
           Lepidus
           and
           Octavian
           ,
           seeking
           to
           overthrow
           the
           Triumvirat
           ,
           which
           contention
           brake
           out
           about
           the
           division
           of
           Fields
           which
           Caesar
           had
           made
           to
           the
           Souldiers
           which
           had
           served
           him
           in
           his
           Wars
           .
           Some
           say
           that
           Fulvia
           made
           this
           stirre
           ,
           that
           she
           might
           procure
           the
           return
           of
           
             Mark
             Anthony
          
           
           to
           her
           ,
           of
           whom
           she
           was
           jealous
           ,
           hearing
           of
           his
           familiarity
           with
           Cleopatra
           .
           The
           discord
           in
           Rome
           grew
           to
           that
           height
           that
           they
           came
           to
           Armes
           ;
           and
           
             Lucius
             Antonius
          
           went
           from
           the
           City
           ,
           and
           levied
           an
           Army
           against
           Octavian
           ,
           who
           also
           marched
           towards
           him
           with
           his
           Forces
           .
           But
           Lucius
           not
           daring
           to
           joine
           Battell
           ,
           shut
           himself
           up
           in
           Perugia
           ,
           where
           Caesar
           immediately
           besieged
           him
           ,
           and
           divorced
           himself
           from
           Claudia
           ,
           the
           Daughter
           of
           Fulvia
           ,
           and
           was
           married
           to
           his
           third
           Wife
           ,
           Scribonia
           by
           whom
           he
           had
           one
           only
           Daughter
           .
           Octavian
           being
           about
           twenty
           three
           years
           old
           ,
           so
           strictly
           besieged
           Perugia
           that
           Lucius
           and
           his
           men
           were
           brought
           to
           such
           
           straits
           for
           want
           of
           Victuals
           ,
           that
           he
           was
           forced
           to
           yeild
           up
           himself
           to
           Octavian
           ,
           who
           pardoned
           him
           ,
           and
           used
           him
           kindly
           ,
           and
           thus
           this
           War
           was
           ended
           without
           bloudshed
           .
           And
           so
           Octavian
           returned
           to
           Rome
           ,
           of
           which
           he
           was
           now
           sole
           Lord
           :
           and
           from
           hence
           some
           reckon
           the
           beginning
           of
           his
           Empire
           which
           was
           about
           four
           years
           after
           the
           Death
           of
           
             Julius
             Caesar
          
           ,
           and
           about
           thirty
           eight
           years
           before
           the
           Incarnation
           of
           our
           blessed
           Lord
           and
           Saviour
           
             Jesus
             Christ.
          
           
        
         
           Caesar
           being
           now
           in
           quiet
           ,
           Fulvia
           by
           letters
           ,
           and
           false
           informations
           sought
           to
           stirre-up
           her
           Husband
           
             Mark
             Anthony
          
           against
           Octavian
           ,
           with
           which
           resolution
           she
           left
           Italy
           ,
           and
           went
           towards
           him
           ;
           and
           at
           the
           same
           time
           
             Mark
             Anthony
          
           departed
           from
           Alexandria
           in
           Aegypt
           ,
           and
           came
           to
           the
           Isle
           of
           Rhodes
           ,
           where
           he
           was
           informed
           of
           all
           that
           had
           happened
           to
           his
           Brother
           Lucius
           .
           From
           thence
           he
           went
           into
           Greece
           ,
           and
           at
           Athens
           he
           found
           his
           Wife
           Fulvia
           sick
           ,
           yet
           vehemently
           inveying
           against
           Octavian
           :
           
           wherefore
           leaving
           her
           there
           ,
           he
           went
           with
           two
           hundred
           Gallies
           into
           Italy
           ,
           and
           landed
           at
           Brundusium
           ,
           where
           the
           Wars
           began
           between
           him
           and
           the
           Forces
           of
           Octavian
           ,
           who
           was
           yet
           at
           Rome
           .
           But
           newes
           comming
           of
           Fulvias
           death
           ,
           some
           Friends
           interposed
           to
           reconcile
           them
           ,
           and
           at
           last
           it
           was
           agreed
           ,
           that
           Arbitrators
           should
           be
           chosen
           to
           compose
           their
           differences
           .
           Octavian
           chose
           Mecaenas
           ,
           and
           for
           
             Mark
             Anthony
          
           was
           
             Asinius
             Pollia
          
           ,
           
           and
           these
           brought
           it
           to
           this
           issue
           ,
           that
           
             Mark
             Anthony
          
           should
           have
           all
           the
           East
           from
           Italy
           ,
           beginning
           from
           the
           Jonian
           Sea
           ,
           which
           is
           the
           entry
           into
           the
           
             Venetian
             Gulph
          
           ,
           unto
           the
           River
           of
           Euphrates
           ,
           wherein
           were
           included
           all
           the
           Provinces
           of
           Graecia
           and
           Asia
           ,
           with
           all
           the
           
           Islands
           within
           these
           limits
           .
           To
           Octavian
           was
           allotted
           from
           the
           said
           Jonian
           Sea
           to
           the
           Westerne
           or
           Spanish
           Sea
           ,
           wherein
           were
           contained
           
             Spain
             ,
             France
             ,
             Italy
             ,
             Germany
             ,
          
           and
           Britan.
           To
           Lepidus
           was
           confirmed
           Africa
           ,
           where
           he
           then
           was
           ,
           with
           all
           the
           Provinces
           thereof
           .
           And
           for
           the
           strengthening
           of
           this
           League
           ,
           
             Mark
             Anthony
          
           ,
           now
           a
           Widdower
           ,
           was
           to
           marry
           with
           Octavia
           ,
           the
           Sister
           of
           Octavian
           by
           the
           Fathers
           side
           ,
           formerly
           married
           to
           
             Mareus
             Marcellus
          
           ,
           by
           whom
           she
           had
           one
           Son
           called
           also
           Marcellus
           ,
           whom
           Octavian
           adopted
           .
           And
           this
           marriage
           was
           dispensed
           with
           by
           the
           Senate
           ,
           because
           in
           Rome
           ,
           Widdows
           were
           not
           permitted
           to
           marry
           till
           they
           had
           lived
           ten
           moneths
           in
           Widdowhood
           ,
           which
           she
           had
           not
           done
           .
        
         
           This
           being
           concluded
           ,
           Octavian
           ,
           and
           
             Mark
             Anthony
          
           
           went
           to
           Rome
           ,
           where
           the
           wedding
           was
           solemnized
           ,
           and
           they
           were
           seemingly
           good
           Friends
           ;
           but
           their
           Peace
           was
           disquieted
           by
           the
           Neighbourhood
           of
           
             Sextus
             Pompeius
          
           ,
           who
           commanded
           the
           Seas
           from
           Sicily
           where
           he
           lived
           ,
           and
           with
           his
           Ships
           ,
           and
           Pirates
           ,
           he
           disquited
           Caesars
           Friends
           ,
           who
           thereupon
           resolved
           to
           ruine
           him
           :
           But
           at
           the
           request
           of
           the
           Senate
           ,
           and
           of
           
             Mark
             Anthony
          
           ,
           he
           harkned
           to
           Peace
           ,
           and
           by
           the
           mediation
           of
           Friends
           ,
           
           it
           was
           agreed
           that
           all
           matters
           past
           should
           be
           forgotten
           ,
           &
           that
           they
           should
           live
           like
           good
           Nighbours
           and
           Friends
           ,
           and
           that
           
             Sextus
             Pompey
          
           should
           enjoy
           
             Sicily
             ,
             Sardinia
          
           ,
           and
           Corsica
           which
           he
           had
           in
           possession
           ,
           and
           that
           he
           should
           cleere
           the
           Seas
           from
           Pirates
           that
           Marchants
           and
           passengers
           might
           passe
           safely
           ,
           and
           that
           he
           should
           furnish
           Rome
           yearly
           with
           a
           certaine
           quantity
           of
           Corne.
           This
           being
           concluded
           ,
           they
           agreed
           upon
           a
           meeting
           of
           all
           three
           upon
           the
           Sea
           side
           in
           the
           straight
           of
           Messina
           ,
           in
           a
           Fortresse
           built
           for
           that
           purpose
           which
           reached
           into
           
           the
           Water
           ,
           whither
           
             Sextus
             Pompey
          
           might
           come
           with
           his
           Galleys
           and
           be
           in
           safety
           :
           which
           accordingly
           was
           performed
           with
           great
           joy
           and
           solemnity
           ;
           and
           
             Sextus
             Pompey
          
           feasted
           them
           in
           his
           Galleys
           ,
           and
           they
           likewise
           him
           by
           Land.
           
        
         
           From
           hence
           
             Sextus
             Pompey
          
           returned
           into
           Sicily
           ,
           and
           Octavian
           and
           
             Mark
             Anthony
          
           to
           Rome
           ,
           where
           for
           a
           while
           they
           remained
           in
           great
           familiarity
           :
           and
           then
           
             Mark
             Anthony
          
           preparing
           for
           his
           journey
           into
           the
           East
           ,
           sent
           Ventidius
           before
           him
           with
           a
           great
           Army
           against
           the
           Parthians
           ,
           wherein
           he
           had
           so
           good
           successe
           ,
           that
           he
           overcame
           and
           defeated
           Pacorus
           ,
           the
           Parthian
           Kings
           
           Son
           ,
           and
           slew
           twenty
           thousand
           of
           his
           men
           ,
           and
           thereby
           sufficiently
           revenged
           the
           Death
           of
           
             Marcus
             Crassus
          
           ,
           for
           which
           he
           afterwards
           Triumphed
           at
           Rome
           .
        
         
           
             Mark
             Anthony
          
           departed
           from
           Rome
           with
           his
           new
           Wife
           ,
           and
           wintered
           with
           her
           in
           
             Athens
             ▪
             Octavian
          
           in
           the
           mean
           time
           in
           Rome
           growing
           mighty
           ,
           and
           in
           high
           esteem
           ,
           was
           yet
           very
           pensive
           ,
           being
           troubled
           at
           the
           Nighbourhood
           of
           
             Sextus
             Pompey
          
           in
           Sicily
           ,
           attending
           an
           occasion
           to
           War
           against
           him
           :
           for
           which
           purpose
           he
           prepared
           a
           great
           Fleet
           ,
           pretending
           that
           ▪
           Sextus
           with
           his
           Ships
           ,
           
           and
           Gallyes
           hindred
           the
           comming
           of
           Corne
           into
           Italy
           .
           These
           Sicilian
           Wars
           continued
           for
           some
           years
           :
           in
           the
           beginning
           whereof
           Octavian
           had
           ill
           successe
           ,
           yet
           more
           from
           stormes
           and
           tempests
           than
           from
           the
           force
           of
           his
           enemies
           ▪
           and
           if
           
             Sextus
             Pompey
          
           had
           been
           as
           Prudent
           and
           able
           to
           offend
           his
           enemy
           as
           he
           was
           to
           defend
           himself
           :
           and
           as
           he
           was
           Valiant
           ,
           if
           he
           had
           been
           as
           Wise
           and
           Politick
           ,
           he
           might
           have
           greatly
           distressed
           Octavian
           in
           all
           matters
           concerning
           Italy
           :
           yet
           the
           matter
           was
           so
           handled
           ,
           that
           at
           Octavians
           request
           
             Mark
             Anthony
          
           came
           twice
           out
           of
           the
           East
           into
           Italy
           to
           assist
           him
           in
           these
           Wars
           .
           The
           first
           time
           he
           came
           to
           Brundusium
           ,
           where
           ,
           not
           finding
           Octavian
           according
           to
           appointment
           ,
           he
           returned
           without
           seeing
           him
           ,
           upon
           some
           jealousies
           which
           grew
           betwixt
           them
           .
           But
           Octavian
           having
           lost
           most
           of
           his
           Fleet
           
           in
           a
           storme
           ,
           he
           sent
           his
           intire
           Friend
           Mecenas
           to
           
             Mark
             Anthony
          
           ,
           at
           whose
           intreaty
           he
           returned
           into
           Italy
           with
           three
           hundred
           Ships
           and
           Galleys
           ,
           giving
           it
           out
           that
           he
           came
           to
           Caesars
           aid
           .
           And
           though
           there
           were
           some
           differences
           between
           them
           ,
           yet
           Octavia
           so
           laboured
           between
           her
           Husband
           and
           Brother
           ,
           that
           she
           reconciled
           them
           ,
           and
           so
           they
           met
           in
           the
           mouth
           of
           the
           River
           neer
           Tarentum
           ,
           where
           
             Mark
             Anthony
          
           gave
           to
           Octavian
           one
           hundred
           and
           twenty
           of
           his
           Galleys
           for
           his
           Wars
           ,
           and
           Octavian
           gave
           to
           him
           some
           of
           the
           Italian
           Souldiers
           ,
           and
           they
           renewed
           their
           Triumvirat
           for
           other
           five
           years
           .
           Which
           done
           ,
           
             Mark
             Anthony
          
           returned
           to
           the
           East
           to
           prosecute
           his
           Wars
           against
           the
           Parthians
           ,
           his
           Wife
           Octavia
           and
           her
           Children
           remaining
           in
           Rome
           .
        
         
           Anthony
           being
           gone
           ,
           Octavian
           resolving
           to
           prosecute
           
           the
           Wars
           against
           
             Sextus
             Pompey
          
           with
           all
           his
           Forces
           ,
           armed
           two
           Navies
           ,
           whereof
           Agrippa
           was
           the
           Admirall
           of
           the
           one
           ,
           and
           himself
           of
           the
           other
           :
           He
           sent
           also
           to
           Lepidus
           intreaing
           his
           aid
           ,
           who
           accordingly
           came
           and
           brought
           with
           him
           a
           Thousand
           Ships
           ,
           little
           and
           great
           ,
           and
           eighty
           Galleys
           ,
           wherein
           he
           transported
           five
           thousand
           Horse
           ,
           and
           twelve
           Legions
           of
           Foot
           Souldiers
           .
           
             Sextus
             Pompey
          
           hearing
           what
           great
           preparations
           were
           made
           against
           him
           ,
           did
           strongly
           fortifie
           all
           the
           Sea-coasts
           of
           Sicily
           ,
           and
           on
           the
           frontiers
           of
           Africk
           ;
           neere
           to
           Lilibaeum
           ,
           he
           placed
           Plinius
           ,
           a
           good
           Captain
           with
           good
           companies
           of
           Souldiers
           ,
           and
           his
           whole
           Fleet
           by
           Sea
           he
           drew
           into
           the
           Port
           of
           Messina
           ,
           purposing
           to
           mannage
           his
           Wars
           by
           Sea
           ,
           having
           neither
           experience
           ,
           nor
           power
           to
           do
           it
           by
           Land
           ,
           and
           so
           he
           attended
           the
           comming
           of
           his
           enemies
           .
        
         
           Lepidus
           loosing
           with
           his
           whole
           Fleet
           from
           Africk
           ,
           was
           encountered
           with
           a
           tempest
           ,
           wherein
           with
           the
           losse
           of
           a
           great
           part
           of
           his
           Navy
           ,
           he
           ,
           with
           the
           rest
           landed
           at
           Lilybaeum
           ,
           and
           took
           in
           certaine
           places
           there
           about
           ,
           but
           having
           small
           judgement
           ,
           and
           experience
           in
           the
           Wars
           ,
           he
           made
           a
           greater
           noise
           then
           did
           hurt
           to
           
             Pompey
             .
             Octavius
          
           also
           being
           at
           Sea
           in
           a
           tempest
           ,
           lost
           thirty
           of
           his
           
           Galleys
           ,
           besides
           small
           Ships
           ,
           and
           with
           much
           difficulty
           returned
           to
           Italy
           :
           and
           Taurus
           ,
           who
           commanded
           the
           Galleys
           which
           Anthony
           left
           ,
           landed
           at
           Tarentum
           ,
           though
           with
           great
           losse
           and
           danger
           .
           Octavian
           was
           so
           grieved
           at
           these
           losses
           ,
           that
           he
           had
           thoughts
           of
           giving
           over
           the
           War
           for
           that
           yeer
           :
           but
           changing
           his
           mind
           ,
           he
           repaired
           his
           Fleets
           ,
           and
           ordered
           Agrippa
           ,
           with
           one
           of
           them
           to
           passe
           into
           Sicily
           ,
           and
           there
           to
           make
           War
           both
           by
           Sea
           and
           Land
           :
           and
           himself
           following
           with
           the
           other
           Fleet
           did
           the
           like
           .
        
         
           About
           this
           time
           Octavian
           divorced
           himself
           from
           Scribonia
           ,
           though
           he
           had
           a
           Daughter
           by
           her
           called
           Livia
           ,
           and
           then
           he
           married
           
             Livia
             Drusilla
          
           ,
           Wife
           to
           Tiberius
           
           Nero
           ,
           by
           whom
           she
           had
           a
           Son
           called
           also
           Tiberius
           ;
           hereupon
           Tiberius
           was
           forced
           to
           leave
           her
           to
           please
           Octavian
           ,
           though
           at
           this
           time
           she
           was
           with
           child
           of
           a
           Son.
           This
           Livia
           he
           loved
           deerly
           ,
           and
           continned
           with
           her
           till
           his
           Death
           .
        
         
           Agrippa
           assaulted
           ,
           and
           took
           in
           some
           places
           in
           Sicily
           ,
           which
           Pompey
           hearing
           of
           ,
           departed
           from
           Messina
           with
           one
           hundred
           and
           seventy
           five
           Galleys
           ,
           to
           relive
           them
           ,
           and
           Agrippa
           being
           advertised
           of
           his
           comming
           ,
           prepared
           to
           meet
           him
           ,
           his
           Galleys
           being
           almost
           equall
           in
           number
           ,
           and
           so
           they
           joyned
           Battell
           ,
           which
           for
           a
           time
           seemed
           to
           be
           equall
           ,
           but
           at
           last
           Agrippa
           prevailed
           ,
           and
           Pompey
           rerreated
           in
           time
           ,
           his
           Galleys
           and
           Foists
           withdrawing
           
           themselves
           into
           some
           Rivers
           neer
           at
           hand
           ,
           whither
           Agrippa
           with
           his
           bigger
           Vessels
           could
           not
           follow
           them
           .
           In
           this
           fight
           Pompey
           lost
           thirty
           of
           his
           Galleys
           .
           Agrippa
           the
           next
           day
           went
           to
           a
           City
           called
           Tindaria
           ,
           thinking
           to
           surprise
           it
           by
           reason
           of
           intelligence
           which
           he
           had
           with
           the
           Citizens
           :
           and
           Pompey
           in
           the
           night
           gave
           secret
           order
           to
           his
           whole
           Fleet
           to
           retire
           to
           Messina
           .
        
         
           Octavian
           in
           the
           mean
           time
           imbarked
           a
           great
           part
           of
           his
           Army
           ,
           which
           he
           landed
           in
           Sicily
           ,
           and
           set
           them
           on
           shore
           under
           the
           command
           of
           Cornificius
           ,
           little
           thinking
           that
           Pompey
           had
           been
           so
           neer
           ,
           who
           if
           he
           had
           taken
           this
           
           opportunity
           ,
           might
           have
           defeated
           Octavian
           .
           But
           loosing
           it
           ,
           Octavian
           imbarking
           again
           ,
           intended
           to
           determine
           the
           quarrell
           by
           a
           Battell
           at
           Sea
           ,
           leaving
           Cornificius
           with
           his
           men
           fortified
           on
           the
           Land.
           Then
           did
           Pompey
           saile
           out
           of
           Messina
           with
           his
           whole
           Fleet
           ,
           and
           neither
           Parties
           refusing
           it
           ,
           they
           came
           to
           a
           Battell
           ,
           in
           which
           Octavian
           was
           overcome
           ,
           and
           all
           his
           great
           Fleet
           scattered
           
           and
           lost
           ,
           and
           himself
           driven
           to
           fly
           into
           Italy
           in
           a
           Brigandine
           ,
           where
           through
           many
           dangers
           ,
           he
           at
           last
           came
           to
           the
           Army
           ,
           whereof
           Mesalla
           was
           Generall
           ,
           and
           being
           nothing
           discouraged
           with
           this
           losse
           ,
           he
           presently
           took
           order
           for
           all
           that
           was
           needfull
           .
           To
           Rome
           he
           sent
           his
           intire
           Friend
           Mecenas
           ,
           to
           take
           order
           that
           this
           newes
           should
           breed
           no
           alteration
           there
           ,
           and
           then
           presently
           sent
           to
           Agrippa
           ,
           the
           Admirall
           of
           his
           other
           Fleet
           ,
           that
           he
           should
           with
           all
           speed
           succour
           Cornificius
           and
           his
           Army
           in
           Sicily
           ,
           and
           to
           Lepidus
           he
           sent
           to
           desire
           him
           to
           make
           his
           present
           repaire
           to
           the
           Isle
           of
           Lippari
           ,
           which
           is
           between
           Sicily
           ,
           and
           Calabria
           .
        
         
           His
           diligence
           and
           good
           order
           about
           these
           affairs
           was
           such
           ,
           that
           in
           a
           short
           time
           ,
           by
           the
           help
           of
           Lepidus
           ,
           and
           Agrippa
           ,
           in
           dispite
           of
           Pompey
           ,
           he
           landed
           all
           his
           Forces
           in
           Sicily
           ,
           and
           joyning
           with
           Lepidus
           ,
           he
           encamped
           neer
           to
           Messina
           ,
           where
           began
           a
           most
           cruel
           War
           both
           by
           Sea
           ,
           and
           Land
           ,
           wherein
           the
           power
           and
           sufficiency
           of
           Pompey
           did
           wonderfully
           appear
           ,
           in
           that
           he
           was
           able
           to
           grapple
           with
           so
           potent
           adversaries
           .
           Yet
           seeing
           himself
           oppressed
           ,
           he
           sent
           a
           challenge
           to
           Octavian
           ,
           that
           to
           avoid
           the
           further
           effusion
           of
           bloud
           ,
           he
           would
           try
           it
           out
           with
           him
           in
           a
           Navall
           fight
           ,
           so
           many
           Ships
           and
           Galleys
           against
           so
           many
           .
           Ostavian
           delayed
           him
           at
           the
           first
           ,
           but
           afterwards
           they
           agreed
           that
           with
           three
           hundred
           Ships
           and
           Galleys
           on
           either
           side
           ,
           they
           would
           meet
           in
           such
           a
           place
           ,
           and
           there
           fight
           it
           out
           ,
           and
           accordingly
           they
           prepared
           for
           the
           Battell
           .
        
         
           Octavian
           leaving
           Lepidus
           with
           his
           Land
           Army
           ,
           embarked
           himself
           in
           his
           Fleet
           ,
           and
           Pompey
           did
           the
           like
           ,
           and
           so
           they
           joyned
           Battell
           ,
           which
           was
           one
           of
           the
           cruelest
           
           
           
           
           
           that
           ever
           was
           ,
           considering
           the
           Commanders
           and
           the
           strength
           on
           either
           side
           ,
           where
           Pompey
           ,
           after
           he
           had
           performed
           all
           the
           Offices
           of
           a
           good
           and
           Valiant
           Captain
           ,
           and
           after
           the
           slaughter
           of
           multitudes
           on
           both
           sides
           ,
           was
           overcome
           by
           Octavian
           ,
           and
           all
           his
           Fleet
           was
           burnt
           and
           
           sunk
           ,
           or
           taken
           ,
           saving
           sixteen
           sayl
           which
           escaped
           by
           flight
           ,
           and
           he
           in
           one
           of
           them
           ,
           and
           these
           entered
           into
           the
           Haven
           of
           Messina
           .
           And
           though
           the
           City
           was
           sufficiently
           fortified
           ,
           and
           Pompey
           knew
           that
           Plinius
           ,
           his
           
           Generall
           was
           comming
           to
           his
           rescue
           ,
           yet
           in
           a
           dark
           night
           he
           imbarked
           ,
           and
           with
           those
           sixteen
           Ships
           which
           had
           escaped
           ,
           he
           fled
           into
           the
           East
           to
           
             Mark
             Anthony
          
           ,
           hoping
           to
           find
           relief
           from
           him
           :
           but
           after
           much
           toile
           ,
           and
           many
           
           accidents
           which
           happened
           to
           him
           ,
           he
           was
           slain
           by
           one
           Titius
           at
           the
           commond
           of
           
             Mark
             Anthony
          
           ,
           and
           in
           him
           failed
           the
           House
           and
           memory
           of
           his
           Father
           Pompey
           the
           Great
           .
        
         
           In
           this
           War
           Octavian
           escaped
           many
           dangers
           .
           For
           having
           transported
           part
           of
           his
           Army
           into
           Sicily
           ,
           and
           
           sailing
           back
           to
           fetch
           the
           rest
           ,
           he
           was
           suddenly
           supprised
           by
           Demochares
           ,
           and
           Apolaphanes
           ,
           two
           of
           Pompeys
           Captaines
           ,
           from
           whom
           he
           escaped
           with
           much
           difficulty
           with
           one
           only
           Ship.
           Then
           travelling
           by
           Land
           to
           Rhegiuns
           ,
           he
           saw
           some
           of
           Pompeys
           Galleys
           neer
           to
           the
           shore
           ,
           and
           supposing
           them
           to
           be
           his
           own
           ,
           he
           went
           down
           to
           the
           Sea
           side
           ,
           where
           he
           had
           like
           to
           have
           been
           taken
           by
           them
           ;
           and
           then
           seeking
           to
           escape
           by
           unknown
           passages
           ,
           he
           met
           with
           a
           slave
           of
           
             Aemilius
             Paulus
          
           ,
           who
           remembring
           that
           he
           had
           proscribed
           his
           Master
           Paulus
           ,
           Father
           to
           this
           Aemilius
           ,
           he
           attempted
           to
           kill
           him
           .
        
         
           Octavian
           having
           obtained
           this
           great
           Victory
           aforesaid
           ,
           though
           with
           very
           great
           losse
           ,
           he
           went
           to
           Land
           with
           the
           remainder
           of
           his
           Ships
           and
           Army
           ,
           comanding
           Agrippa
           to
           joyn
           with
           Lepidus
           ,
           and
           to
           go
           to
           Messina
           ,
           whither
           
             Pliny
             ,
             Pompeys
          
           Generall
           had
           retired
           himself
           .
           But
           not
           thinking
           good
           to
           stand
           upon
           his
           defence
           ,
           now
           that
           his
           Master
           was
           fled
           ,
           he
           yeilded
           himself
           to
           Lepidus
           with
           all
           his
           
           Legions
           :
           This
           made
           Lepidus
           so
           proud
           ,
           that
           affecting
           to
           have
           Sicily
           to
           himself
           ,
           he
           contended
           with
           Octavian
           about
           
           it
           :
           and
           entering
           into
           the
           City
           of
           Messina
           ,
           he
           placed
           a
           Garison
           in
           it
           ,
           to
           hold
           it
           for
           his
           own
           use
           :
           The
           like
           he
           did
           in
           many
           other
           places
           of
           the
           Island
           :
           and
           when
           Octavian
           came
           ,
           he
           desired
           to
           speak
           with
           him
           ,
           greatly
           complaining
           of
           his
           proceedings
           .
        
         
           But
           in
           Rule
           ,
           and
           Dominion
           equallity
           is
           intollerable
           ,
           whilst
           either
           of
           them
           coveted
           this
           Isle
           for
           himself
           they
           fell
           at
           variance
           ,
           and
           Octavian
           made
           his
           Navy
           to
           draw
           neere
           to
           the
           shore
           :
           So
           that
           both
           Armies
           began
           to
           stand
           upon
           their
           guard
           ,
           the
           one
           against
           the
           other
           ,
           and
           many
           messages
           passed
           between
           them
           ,
           yet
           could
           they
           not
           agree
           .
           But
           Octavian
           was
           far
           better
           beloved
           and
           esteemd
           by
           the
           men
           of
           War
           ,
           for
           his
           many
           vertues
           ,
           and
           Nobility
           ,
           and
           for
           his
           Name-sake
           [
           
             Julius
             Caesar
          
           ,
           ]
           then
           the
           other
           ,
           and
           the
           Souldiers
           began
           to
           lay
           all
           the
           fault
           upon
           Lepidus
           .
        
         
           Octavian
           understanding
           this
           ,
           laboured
           secretly
           to
           corrupt
           
           Lepidus
           his
           Souldiers
           ,
           to
           draw
           them
           to
           himself
           :
           and
           one
           day
           ,
           with
           a
           great
           Troop
           of
           Horse
           ,
           he
           rode
           neere
           to
           Lepidus
           his
           Camp
           ,
           and
           parlying
           with
           his
           Souldiers
           ,
           justified
           himself
           and
           laid
           all
           the
           fault
           upon
           Lepidus
           ,
           insomuch
           that
           many
           of
           them
           began
           to
           come
           over
           to
           his
           side
           .
           Lepidus
           ,
           being
           informed
           hereof
           ,
           caused
           an
           Alarme
           
           to
           be
           given
           ,
           and
           commanded
           his
           men
           to
           sally
           out
           against
           Octavian
           ,
           but
           when
           they
           came
           forth
           ,
           most
           of
           them
           joyned
           with
           him
           :
           so
           that
           Lepidus
           seeing
           himself
           in
           danger
           of
           beig
           forsaken
           of
           his
           whole
           Army
           ,
           yeilded
           himself
           unto
           Caesar
           ,
           and
           putting
           off
           his
           Generals
           Robe
           ,
           he
           went
           to
           his
           Tent
           ,
           and
           submitted
           to
           him
           .
           Octavian
           received
           him
           as
           if
           he
           had
           never
           offended
           ,
           very
           courteously
           ,
           and
           honourably
           ,
           but
           restored
           him
           neither
           to
           his
           State
           nor
           power
           ,
           and
           sent
           him
           with
           a
           good
           company
           to
           Rome
           ,
           without
           any
           Office
           but
           the
           High
           Priesthood
           ,
           which
           he
           had
           held
           ever
           since
           the
           Death
           of
           
             Julius
             Caesar
          
           :
           and
           so
           this
           difference
           was
           ended
           without
           bloudshed
           .
        
         
         
           Octavian
           now
           retaining
           Sicily
           to
           himself
           ,
           and
           having
           devested
           Lepidus
           of
           the
           Triumvirat
           ,
           he
           appropriated
           to
           himself
           the
           Province
           of
           Africk
           ,
           and
           remained
           Generall
           of
           the
           three
           Armies
           ,
           to
           wit
           ,
           of
           Lepidus
           ,
           of
           Pompey
           ,
           and
           of
           his
           own
           ;
           wherein
           were
           fourty
           five
           Legions
           of
           Footmen
           ,
           and
           twenty
           five
           thousand
           Horse
           ,
           all
           well
           armed
           ,
           besides
           many
           other
           Numidians
           .
           He
           had
           also
           upon
           the
           Sea
           ,
           six
           hundred
           Galleys
           and
           many
           Ships
           ,
           and
           Brigandines
           .
           And
           now
           waited
           only
           for
           an
           opportunity
           to
           fall
           out
           with
           
             Mark
             Anthony
          
           that
           he
           might
           make
           himself
           Lord
           of
           all
           .
           Yet
           for
           the
           present
           he
           paid
           his
           Souldiers
           as
           well
           as
           he
           could
           ,
           and
           gave
           Coronets
           ,
           Honours
           ,
           and
           Armes
           to
           those
           who
           had
           deserved
           well
           in
           these
           Wars
           .
           He
           then
           dispered
           his
           Armies
           ,
           sending
           them
           to
           their
           own
           homes
           ,
           loaden
           with
           many
           faire
           promises
           .
           He
           also
           left
           ,
           and
           sent
           Praetors
           and
           Governours
           into
           Sicily
           and
           Africk
           ,
           and
           so
           hasted
           
           towards
           Rome
           ,
           where
           he
           was
           received
           with
           Ovation
           (
           which
           was
           little
           lesse
           than
           a
           Triumph
           )
           with
           incredible
           joy
           and
           honour
           :
           and
           was
           so
           exceedingly
           beloved
           ,
           that
           in
           many
           places
           they
           erected
           Temples
           and
           Altars
           to
           him
           ,
           as
           to
           their
           Gods
           :
           and
           he
           reformed
           such
           things
           as
           by
           reason
           of
           the
           Wars
           were
           grown
           out
           of
           order
           .
        
         
           At
           this
           time
           
             Mark
             Anthony
          
           ,
           who
           was
           in
           the
           East
           ,
           though
           he
           had
           no
           great
           successe
           in
           his
           Parthian
           War
           ,
           yet
           was
           he
           still
           of
           great
           power
           ,
           very
           Rich
           ,
           and
           well
           obeyed
           in
           the
           Provinces
           of
           
             Greece
             ,
             Asia
          
           ,
           and
           Aegypt
           ,
           and
           in
           
           the
           rest
           of
           his
           Governments
           .
           But
           he
           was
           so
           besotted
           with
           the
           love
           ,
           and
           company
           of
           Cleopatra
           ,
           the
           Queen
           of
           Aegypt
           ,
           that
           he
           thought
           of
           nothing
           but
           how
           to
           satisfie
           her
           humour
           ,
           in
           the
           meane
           time
           neglecting
           ,
           and
           forgetting
           his
           Wife
           Octavia
           ,
           the
           Sister
           of
           Octavian
           ,
           who
           in
           beauty
           and
           Wisdom
           was
           nothing
           inferior
           to
           Cleopatra
           ,
           and
           in
           virtue
           and
           goodnesse
           did
           far
           excell
           her
           .
        
         
           The
           Monarchy
           of
           the
           World
           being
           thus
           devided
           between
           these
           two
           ,
           the
           one
           in
           the
           East
           ,
           the
           other
           in
           the
           West
           ,
           
           yet
           ,
           as
           though
           each
           of
           them
           had
           not
           enough
           ,
           they
           studied
           each
           of
           them
           to
           supplant
           ,
           and
           destroy
           the
           other
           .
           Chiefly
           Octavian
           ,
           who
           seeing
           that
           Anthony
           neglected
           
           his
           Sister
           ,
           and
           did
           not
           send
           for
           her
           ,
           he
           continually
           advised
           ,
           and
           urged
           her
           to
           go
           to
           her
           Husband
           ,
           that
           he
           might
           have
           a
           fair
           occasion
           to
           fall
           out
           with
           him
           if
           she
           were
           not
           well
           intertained
           :
           But
           she
           ,
           not
           well
           understanding
           his
           designe
           ,
           that
           she
           might
           prevent
           all
           controversies
           between
           her
           Brother
           and
           her
           Husband
           ,
           departed
           from
           Rome
           ,
           carrying
           with
           her
           many
           Jewels
           ,
           and
           Presents
           which
           she
           had
           gotten
           together
           therewith
           to
           present
           
             Mark
             Anthony
          
           .
           But
           he
           ,
           having
           fixed
           his
           ▪
           heart
           upon
           Cleopatra
           ,
           wrote
           to
           her
           by
           the
           way
           that
           she
           should
           go
           into
           Greece
           ,
           and
           stay
           at
           Athens
           ,
           till
           he
           returned
           from
           the
           Parthian
           War
           ,
           yet
           did
           he
           never
           go
           against
           them
           ,
           Cleopatra
           hindering
           him
           .
           Notwithstanding
           Octavia
           sent
           all
           those
           things
           which
           she
           had
           brought
           ,
           to
           her
           Husband
           ,
           and
           all
           this
           not
           prevailing
           to
           procure
           her
           acceptence
           ,
           she
           went
           full
           of
           griefe
           ,
           to
           Rome
           .
        
         
           Then
           did
           Octavian
           begin
           openly
           to
           complain
           of
           
             Mark
             Anthony
          
           ,
           and
           to
           declared
           himself
           his
           enemy
           ,
           and
           
             Mark
             Anthony
          
           entered
           into
           a
           League
           with
           the
           King
           of
           the
           Medes
           ,
           the
           better
           to
           strengthen
           himself
           ,
           causing
           Cleopatra
           (
           besides
           the
           Title
           of
           Aegypt
           )
           to
           be
           called
           Queen
           of
           
             Syria
             ,
             Lybia
          
           ,
           and
           Cyprus
           ,
           and
           joyntly
           with
           her
           ,
           a
           Son
           of
           hers
           called
           Caesarion
           ,
           of
           whom
           
             Julius
             Caesar
          
           left
           her
           with
           child
           when
           he
           was
           in
           Aegypt
           :
           and
           to
           two
           Sons
           which
           himself
           had
           by
           her
           ,
           called
           Ptolomy
           ,
           and
           Alexander
           ,
           he
           gave
           the
           Title
           of
           Kings
           :
           to
           Alexander
           ,
           of
           Armenia
           ,
           and
           Parthia
           :
           and
           to
           Ptolomy
           ,
           of
           Cilicia
           ,
           and
           
             Phoenicia
             ,
          
           ;
           hereupon
           the
           enmity
           between
           Octavian
           and
           him
           greatly
           encreased
           :
           yet
           was
           the
           War
           deferred
           because
           of
           other
           Wars
           which
           Octavian
           had
           in
           Illyricum
           ,
           and
           Dalmatia
           .
           The
           People
           of
           these
           Countries
           ,
           seeing
           
           the
           Romans
           engaged
           in
           Civil
           Wars
           ,
           rebelled
           ,
           together
           with
           those
           of
           
             Austria
             ,
             Hungary
          
           ,
           and
           Bavaria
           ,
           who
           joyned
           with
           them
           .
           This
           War
           Octavian
           undertook
           in
           his
           own
           person
           ,
           which
           was
           very
           cruel
           and
           dangerous
           :
           
           wherein
           he
           was
           twice
           wounded
           ,
           and
           gave
           great
           proof
           both
           of
           his
           Wisdome
           and
           Valour
           :
           yet
           in
           the
           end
           ,
           he
           not
           only
           subdued
           and
           tamed
           Illyricum
           ,
           but
           both
           the
           Pannonia's
           ,
           and
           all
           the
           neighbouring
           Nations
           which
           had
           joyned
           with
           them
           .
        
         
           Then
           did
           Octavian
           return
           Victorious
           to
           Rome
           ,
           and
           though
           a
           Triumph
           was
           granted
           him
           ,
           yet
           would
           he
           not
           Triumph
           as
           then
           ,
           so
           great
           was
           his
           desire
           to
           make
           War
           against
           
             Mark
             Anthony
          
           ,
           who
           was
           no
           better
           affected
           towards
           him
           .
           For
           he
           levied
           Souldiers
           ,
           procured
           Friends
           ,
           and
           Armies
           against
           him
           ,
           and
           promised
           Cleopatra
           to
           bring
           her
           Tryumphing
           into
           Rome
           .
           Yea
           ,
           she
           requested
           of
           him
           ,
           the
           Rule
           and
           Empire
           of
           Rome
           ,
           and
           he
           promised
           it
           her
           .
        
         
           Matters
           standing
           upon
           these
           tearmes
           ,
           
             Mark
             Anthony
          
           sent
           his
           Wife
           Octavia
           a
           Bill
           of
           Divorce
           ,
           according
           to
           the
           custome
           of
           those
           times
           ,
           commanding
           her
           to
           go
           out
           of
           his
           House
           wherein
           she
           dwelt
           in
           Rome
           .
           This
           ,
           and
           other
           
           indignities
           Octavian
           imparted
           to
           the
           Senate
           ,
           complaining
           against
           Anthony
           ,
           and
           in
           his
           Orations
           to
           the
           People
           ,
           he
           accused
           him
           for
           that
           (
           the
           second
           five
           years
           of
           his
           Triumvirat
           and
           League
           being
           expired
           )
           yet
           came
           he
           not
           to
           Rome
           ,
           neither
           respecting
           the
           authority
           of
           the
           Senate
           ,
           nor
           of
           the
           People
           ,
           but
           held
           his
           place
           ,
           and
           kept
           possession
           of
           the
           East
           and
           of
           Greece
           :
           and
           by
           such
           suggestions
           he
           incensed
           the
           People
           against
           him
           .
        
         
           
             Mark
             Anthony
          
           ,
           on
           the
           other
           side
           ,
           by
           Letters
           and
           Messengers
           ,
           complained
           that
           Octavian
           had
           often
           broken
           the
           Peace
           ,
           and
           had
           cast
           
             Sextus
             Pompey
          
           out
           of
           Sicily
           ,
           retaining
           that
           ,
           and
           other
           places
           which
           he
           held
           ,
           to
           himself
           :
           and
           that
           therein
           he
           had
           no
           respect
           of
           him
           ,
           nor
           had
           given
           him
           any
           part
           thereof
           :
           and
           that
           he
           detained
           the
           Galleys
           which
           he
           had
           lent
           him
           for
           that
           War.
           As
           also
           that
           he
           had
           deprived
           Lepidus
           of
           his
           Government
           ,
           and
           kept
           all
           those
           Provinces
           ,
           and
           all
           the
           Legions
           which
           were
           his
           ,
           without
           imparting
           any
           share
           thereof
           to
           him
           :
           and
           that
           he
           had
           divided
           all
           the
           Lands
           in
           Italy
           to
           his
           own
           Souldiers
           ,
           not
           assigning
           any
           part
           thereof
           to
           
           his
           .
           Thus
           the
           one
           accused
           the
           other
           ,
           either
           pretending
           that
           they
           were
           forced
           to
           undertake
           the
           War
           ;
           whereas
           the
           truth
           is
           ,
           it
           was
           their
           Ambition
           ,
           and
           insatiable
           desire
           to
           Rule
           that
           pricked
           them
           forward
           to
           it
           .
           Hereupon
           they
           called
           diverse
           Nations
           to
           their
           aid
           ,
           so
           as
           the
           whole
           World
           in
           a
           manner
           ,
           either
           of
           one
           side
           or
           other
           ,
           was
           in
           Armes
           .
           Those
           in
           the
           West
           for
           Octavian
           ,
           and
           those
           in
           
           the
           East
           for
           Anthony
           :
           at
           least
           ,
           the
           beast
           and
           choisest
           men
           of
           them
           all
           .
        
         
           Anthony
           was
           first
           in
           the
           Field
           ,
           and
           came
           with
           a
           great
           Army
           to
           the
           famous
           City
           of
           Ephesus
           in
           Jonia
           ,
           a
           Province
           of
           Asia
           the
           lesse
           ,
           whither
           he
           had
           sent
           for
           his
           Navy
           to
           transport
           him
           into
           Europe
           .
           And
           he
           had
           in
           readinesse
           eight
           hundred
           Galleys
           and
           Ships
           of
           burthen
           :
           two
           hundred
           whereof
           Cleopatra
           gave
           him
           ,
           together
           with
           all
           the
           Ammunition
           ,
           and
           Victuals
           necessary
           for
           the
           Fleet
           :
           He
           also
           took
           her
           along
           with
           him
           ,
           contrary
           to
           the
           advise
           of
           all
           those
           which
           were
           of
           his
           Councel
           .
           Then
           sailed
           he
           to
           the
           Isle
           of
           Samos
           ,
           to
           which
           he
           had
           appointed
           all
           the
           Kings
           ,
           Tetrachs
           ,
           and
           People
           which
           served
           him
           in
           this
           War
           ,
           to
           come
           by
           a
           day
           perfixed
           .
           The
           Kings
           that
           met
           him
           there
           ,
           were
           Tarcondemus
           ,
           King
           of
           the
           upper
           
             Cilicia
             :
             Archalaus
          
           ,
           of
           
             Cappadocia
             :
             Philodelphus
          
           ,
           of
           
             Paphlagonia
             ;
             Methridates
          
           ,
           of
           Comagena
           ,
           and
           others
           :
           Besides
           those
           which
           sent
           their
           Forces
           ,
           as
           Herod
           ,
           King
           of
           
             Judaea
             :
             Amyntas
          
           ,
           of
           Lyeaonia
           :
           and
           the
           Kings
           of
           Arabia
           :
           Of
           the
           Medes
           :
           and
           Palemon
           ,
           King
           of
           Pontus
           with
           some
           others
           .
           So
           that
           he
           had
           one
           hundred
           thousand
           well
           trained
           Footmen
           ,
           and
           twenty
           two
           thousand
           Horse
           ,
           besides
           his
           Navy
           by
           Sea
           ,
           which
           consisted
           of
           five
           hundred
           Gallyes
           ,
           besides
           Ships
           of
           burden
           which
           carried
           his
           amunition
           ,
           and
           Victuals
           .
        
         
           If
           Anthony
           ,
           thus
           furnished
           ,
           had
           presently
           passed
           into
           Italy
           ,
           he
           had
           put
           Octavian
           into
           great
           hazard
           :
           For
           
           then
           he
           had
           not
           sufficient
           Forces
           to
           have
           withstood
           him
           ,
           nor
           other
           necessary
           Provision
           for
           the
           Wars
           .
           But
           
             Mark
             Anthony
          
           ,
           delaying
           the
           time
           at
           Athens
           ,
           let
           slip
           the
           opertunity
           ,
           and
           gave
           Octavian
           leasure
           to
           provide
           all
           things
           
           necessary
           from
           
             Italy
             ,
             France
             ,
             Spain
          
           ,
           and
           all
           other
           his
           Provinces
           ,
           from
           whence
           he
           levied
           eighty
           thousand
           choise
           Souldiers
           ,
           and
           above
           twenty
           thousand
           good
           Horse
           :
           and
           seeing
           that
           Anthony
           stayed
           so
           long
           ,
           he
           sent
           him
           word
           ,
           that
           seeing
           he
           had
           Ships
           ,
           and
           other
           fit
           provision
           ,
           he
           should
           
           come
           for
           Italy
           ,
           where
           he
           staid
           in
           the
           Field
           to
           give
           him
           Battell
           ,
           promising
           to
           afford
           him
           good
           Ports
           and
           Havens
           ,
           where
           he
           might
           safely
           land
           without
           interruption
           .
           To
           this
           Anthony
           answered
           ,
           that
           it
           would
           be
           more
           honourable
           
           if
           he
           would
           determine
           this
           quarrel
           in
           Person
           against
           him
           ,
           body
           to
           body
           ,
           which
           he
           would
           willingly
           accept
           ,
           though
           he
           was
           now
           old
           and
           crazed
           ,
           and
           the
           other
           young
           and
           lusty
           :
           and
           if
           he
           liked
           not
           of
           this
           challenge
           ,
           he
           would
           stay
           for
           him
           with
           his
           Army
           in
           the
           Fields
           of
           Pharsalia
           ,
           in
           the
           same
           place
           where
           
             Julius
             Caesar
          
           fought
           with
           
             Cneius
             Pompey
          
           .
        
         
           These
           Messages
           passing
           between
           them
           without
           effect
           ,
           Anthony
           drew
           his
           Army
           by
           Land
           ,
           and
           his
           Navy
           by
           Sea
           towards
           Italy
           ,
           and
           Octavian
           ,
           imbarked
           his
           Legions
           at
           Brundusium
           ,
           
           and
           crossed
           the
           Sea
           to
           a
           place
           called
           Torma
           ,
           in
           the
           Province
           of
           Epire
           (
           now
           called
           Romania
           )
           and
           after
           some
           notable
           exploits
           performed
           ,
           the
           two
           Armies
           drew
           neer
           together
           ,
           as
           also
           did
           the
           Navies
           .
           Octavians
           Navy
           consisted
           of
           two
           hundred
           and
           fifty
           Galleys
           ,
           but
           better
           armed
           ,
           and
           swifter
           then
           were
           
             Mark
             Anthonies
          
           ,
           though
           his
           were
           more
           in
           number
           .
           And
           
             Mark
             Anthony
          
           ,
           being
           perswaded
           by
           Cleopatra
           (
           who
           in
           this
           also
           was
           the
           cause
           of
           his
           ruine
           ,
           thereby
           to
           have
           the
           better
           meanes
           to
           fly
           if
           the
           Battell
           should
           be
           lost
           )
           would
           needs
           try
           his
           Fortune
           in
           a
           Sea
           fight
           ,
           though
           his
           Army
           by
           Land
           had
           a
           great
           advantage
           over
           the
           other
           .
        
         
           Anthony
           chose
           twenty
           two
           thousand
           out
           of
           his
           Army
           
           and
           put
           them
           aboard
           his
           Fleet
           ,
           and
           Octavian
           ,
           who
           refused
           not
           the
           Sea-fight
           ,
           made
           his
           provision
           also
           ,
           and
           so
           shipping
           himself
           in
           his
           Galleys
           ,
           he
           committed
           the
           charge
           of
           his
           Land
           Army
           to
           Taurus
           ,
           and
           Anthony
           left
           his
           Land
           Forces
           with
           Canidius
           :
           and
           in
           the
           sight
           of
           both
           the
           Armies
           ,
           
           these
           two
           brave
           Captaines
           ,
           which
           the
           best
           Navies
           in
           the
           World
           ,
           took
           the
           Seas
           ,
           where
           they
           fought
           for
           no
           lesse
           then
           the
           Empire
           of
           the
           World.
           Yet
           was
           the
           Fight
           deferred
           for
           three
           dayes
           in
           dispite
           of
           both
           parties
           ,
           the
           Seas
           rising
           so
           high
           that
           they
           could
           not
           Govern
           their
           Vessels
           .
           The
           fourth
           Day
           they
           came
           to
           an
           encounter
           at
           a
           Cape
           called
           Accius
           ,
           in
           Epire
           ,
           not
           far
           from
           the
           place
           where
           their
           Land
           Armies
           stood
           .
        
         
           The
           Battell
           was
           one
           of
           the
           most
           cruelest
           that
           ever
           was
           heard
           of
           ,
           and
           lasted
           ten
           hours
           before
           Octavian
           obtained
           
           the
           Victory
           ,
           though
           
             Mark
             Anthony
          
           staid
           not
           so
           long
           in
           the
           fight
           .
           For
           Cleopatra
           in
           the
           greatest
           fury
           of
           the
           Battell
           ,
           fled
           away
           in
           her
           Galley
           ,
           whom
           seventy
           of
           her
           other
           Galleys
           followed
           :
           and
           unfortunate
           
             Mark
             Anthony
          
           ,
           who
           all
           his
           life
           time
           hitherto
           had
           been
           a
           valiant
           and
           brave
           Captain
           ,
           seeing
           Cleopatra
           fly
           ,
           on
           whom
           he
           had
           fixed
           his
           
           eyes
           and
           heart
           ,
           shifting
           out
           of
           his
           own
           Galley
           into
           a
           lighter
           ,
           followed
           her
           ,
           without
           regard
           of
           his
           Armies
           either
           by
           Sea
           ,
           or
           Land
           ,
           and
           overtaking
           her
           ,
           went
           abord
           her
           Galley
           ,
           wherein
           he
           sailed
           three
           dayes
           with
           out
           either
           seeing
           or
           speaking
           with
           her
           ,
           being
           confounded
           with
           shame
           for
           shewing
           so
           much
           weaknesse
           ,
           and
           at
           last
           they
           arrived
           in
           the
           Port
           of
           Alexandria
           in
           Aegypt
           .
        
         
           His
           Navy
           which
           he
           left
           fighting
           ,
           though
           now
           Headlesse
           and
           without
           a
           Captain
           ,
           yet
           continued
           to
           make
           gallant
           
           resistance
           till
           five
           thousand
           of
           them
           were
           slaine
           :
           and
           at
           last
           they
           were
           overcome
           ,
           rather
           for
           want
           of
           a
           Commander
           then
           through
           any
           force
           of
           an
           enemy
           ,
           though
           Octavians
           light
           and
           swift
           Galleys
           were
           a
           great
           help
           to
           him
           :
           and
           so
           he
           remained
           Conquerour
           ,
           and
           granted
           life
           ,
           and
           pardon
           to
           the
           Conquered
           ,
           getting
           into
           his
           hands
           three
           hundred
           of
           their
           Galleys
           .
           In
           Anthonies
           Army
           by
           Land
           there
           wanted
           neither
           courage
           nor
           constancy
           to
           their
           Generall
           ,
           though
           he
           had
           so
           unworthily
           deserted
           them
           :
           and
           therefore
           they
           continued
           seven
           dayes
           in
           their
           Camp
           ,
           ready
           to
           give
           Battell
           ,
           without
           accepting
           any
           composition
           from
           the
           enemy
           ,
           and
           they
           would
           have
           staid
           longer
           ,
           had
           not
           Canidius
           their
           Captaine
           
           abused
           his
           trust
           ,
           flying
           secretly
           from
           the
           Camp
           to
           seek
           Anthony
           ,
           whereupon
           ,
           the
           Army
           being
           destitute
           of
           a
           Generall
           ,
           yeilded
           to
           the
           enemy
           ;
           who
           admitted
           them
           
           into
           his
           own
           Army
           ,
           being
           nineteen
           Legions
           of
           Foot
           ,
           and
           twelve
           thousand
           Horse
           .
           The
           Senators
           ,
           Knights
           ,
           and
           Noble
           men
           ,
           that
           had
           served
           Anthony
           ,
           many
           of
           them
           he
           fined
           in
           great
           summs
           of
           Money
           ,
           many
           he
           put
           to
           death
           ,
           and
           some
           he
           pardoned
           .
        
         
           Then
           did
           Caesar
           sail
           to
           Athens
           ,
           and
           being
           pacified
           with
           the
           Greeks
           ,
           he
           distributed
           the
           Corne
           that
           was
           left
           in
           the
           War
           ,
           to
           the
           Cities
           that
           were
           afflicted
           with
           Famine
           ,
           and
           that
           were
           despoiled
           of
           their
           Money
           ,
           Servants
           ,
           and
           Horses
           ,
           And
           Anthony
           being
           arrived
           in
           Aegypt
           ,
           chose
           out
           one
           good
           Ship
           of
           good
           burden
           ,
           and
           fraught
           with
           store
           of
           Treasure
           ,
           and
           rich
           Plate
           of
           Gold
           and
           Silver
           ,
           and
           gave
           it
           to
           his
           Friends
           ,
           intreating
           them
           to
           divide
           it
           amongst
           them
           and
           to
           shift
           for
           themselves
           ,
           and
           he
           wrote
           to
           Theophilus
           ,
           the
           Governour
           of
           Corinth
           ,
           that
           he
           would
           provide
           them
           an
           hiding
           place
           till
           they
           might
           make
           their
           Peace
           with
           Caesar.
           And
           Caesar
           ,
           of
           the
           spoiles
           of
           the
           enemy
           dedicated
           ten
           Ships
           '
           to
           
             Apollo
             Actius
          
           .
        
         
           Anthony
           being
           come
           into
           Africk
           went
           into
           a
           desart
           
           place
           ,
           wandering
           up
           and
           down
           ,
           only
           accompanied
           with
           two
           Friends
           ;
           and
           after
           a
           while
           he
           sent
           to
           the
           Generall
           of
           the
           Army
           which
           he
           had
           formerly
           raised
           for
           the
           defence
           of
           Aegypt
           ,
           but
           he
           slew
           his
           messengers
           ,
           and
           said
           that
           he
           would
           not
           obey
           Anthony
           ,
           whereupon
           he
           had
           thought
           to
           have
           killed
           himself
           ,
           but
           being
           hindred
           by
           his
           Friends
           ,
           he
           went
           to
           Alexandria
           ,
           and
           after
           a
           while
           he
           built
           him
           an
           House
           in
           the
           Sea
           by
           the
           Isle
           of
           Pharos
           ,
           and
           there
           lived
           from
           the
           Company
           of
           all
           men
           ,
           saying
           ,
           
             That
             he
             would
             live
             the
             life
             of
          
           Timon
           the
           Man-hater
           ,
           
             because
             he
             was
             abused
             by
             his
             Friends
             ,
             and
             had
             experience
             of
             their
             ingratitude
             ,
          
           and
           he
           called
           this
           house
           Timonion
           .
           Yet
           at
           length
           he
           left
           this
           place
           ,
           and
           went
           to
           the
           Pallace
           ,
           where
           he
           spent
           his
           time
           in
           Feasting
           and
           jollity
           .
           And
           Cleopatra
           got
           together
           diverse
           sorts
           of
           deadly
           poisons
           of
           poisonsome
           Creatures
           ,
           whereof
           she
           made
           triall
           upon
           many
           
           condemned
           persons
           ,
           and
           amongst
           all
           ,
           she
           liked
           the
           biting
           of
           the
           Aspe
           best
           :
           for
           it
           brought
           a
           sleepinesse
           without
           any
           contraction
           of
           the
           members
           ,
           or
           groaning
           ,
           onely
           causing
           a
           gentle
           sweating
           of
           the
           face
           ,
           and
           a
           languishing
           stupidity
           of
           the
           senses
           .
        
         
           At
           Rome
           many
           things
           were
           decreed
           in
           honour
           of
           Caesar
           
           for
           this
           Victory
           at
           Sea
           :
           First
           a
           Triumph
           was
           granted
           him
           for
           Cleopatra
           :
           and
           a
           Triumphal
           Arch
           was
           erected
           at
           Brundusium
           ,
           and
           another
           at
           Rome
           .
           The
           base
           of
           the
           Julian
           Temple
           was
           adorned
           with
           the
           Beakes
           of
           the
           Shipshe
           had
           taken
           :
           There
           were
           Playes
           decreed
           to
           be
           kept
           every
           fifth
           year
           in
           honour
           of
           him
           :
           Processions
           were
           always
           to
           be
           made
           on
           his
           Birth
           day
           ,
           and
           on
           the
           day
           wherein
           the
           newes
           of
           his
           Victory
           was
           first
           brought
           .
           That
           the
           vestall
           Virgins
           ,
           the
           Senate
           ,
           with
           their
           Wives
           and
           Children
           should
           go
           and
           meet
           him
           at
           his
           returne
           :
           that
           all
           the
           Ornaments
           of
           Anthony
           should
           be
           demolished
           and
           cast
           down
           :
           that
           his
           birth
           day
           should
           be
           accounted
           unlucky
           :
           and
           that
           none
           of
           his
           Famely
           should
           ever
           have
           the
           forename
           of
           Marcus.
           
        
         
           About
           this
           time
           Anthony
           and
           Cleopatra
           sent
           Ambassadours
           to
           Caesar
           into
           
             Asia
             .
             Cleopatra
          
           demanded
           the
           Kingdom
           of
           Aegypt
           for
           her
           Children
           ,
           and
           without
           Anthonies
           knowledge
           ,
           sent
           him
           a
           Scepter
           ,
           Crown
           ,
           and
           Chaire
           ,
           all
           of
           Gold
           ,
           as
           it
           were
           ,
           delivering
           her
           Kingdom
           over
           to
           him
           :
           and
           Anthony
           demanded
           that
           he
           might
           live
           a
           private
           life
           at
           Athens
           if
           he
           might
           not
           continue
           in
           
             Aegypt
             .
             Caesar
          
           accepted
           of
           Cleopatra's
           gifts
           ,
           accounting
           them
           as
           good
           Omens
           :
           but
           he
           would
           afford
           no
           answer
           to
           Anthony
           ;
           and
           privately
           he
           promised
           impunity
           and
           her
           Kingdom
           to
           Cleopatra
           if
           she
           would
           kill
           Anthony
           .
           They
           sent
           also
           a
           second
           Ambassage
           to
           Caesar
           ,
           and
           Cleopatra
           promised
           him
           a
           huge
           masse
           of
           money
           ;
           and
           Anthony
           minded
           him
           of
           the
           former
           friendship
           and
           alliance
           that
           was
           between
           them
           ,
           and
           what
           acts
           they
           had
           done
           together
           :
           he
           delivered
           also
           to
           him
           Terullius
           ,
           a
           Senator
           ,
           and
           one
           of
           Caesars
           murtherers
           ,
           whom
           he
           put
           to
           death
           ▪
           he
           proffered
           also
           to
           kill
           himself
           to
           obtaine
           security
           for
           Cleopatra
           ,
           
           yet
           Caesar
           would
           give
           him
           no
           answer
           .
        
         
           Anthony
           and
           Cleopatra
           hereupon
           prepare
           for
           War
           ,
           and
           Caesar
           at
           last
           marched
           against
           them
           ,
           and
           sent
           Cornelius
           
           Gallus
           before
           with
           four
           Legions
           ,
           who
           suddenly
           seized
           up
           Paraetonium
           ,
           the
           prime
           City
           of
           Aegypt
           ,
           toward
           
             Lybia
             .
             Anthony
          
           being
           informed
           hereof
           ,
           marched
           towards
           Paraetonium
           ,
           hoping
           to
           draw
           Gallus
           his
           Souldiers
           to
           owne
           him
           ,
           but
           when
           on
           the
           contrary
           he
           had
           received
           great
           losse
           both
           by
           Sea
           and
           Land
           ,
           he
           returned
           to
           Alexandria
           .
           Presently
           after
           Caesar
           took
           Pelusium
           ,
           by
           the
           Treachery
           of
           Cleopatra
           ,
           who
           caused
           Selucus
           the
           Governour
           to
           deliver
           it
           up
           to
           him
           ,
           hoping
           to
           draw
           his
           love
           to
           her
           ,
           yet
           did
           she
           disown
           it
           to
           Anthony
           .
        
         
           Cleopatra
           had
           storehouses
           ,
           and
           Monuments
           ,
           admirable
           both
           for
           sumptuousnesse
           and
           higth
           ,
           which
           she
           had
           built
           by
           the
           Temple
           of
           Isis
           ,
           and
           thither
           she
           had
           brought
           the
           most
           precious
           things
           of
           all
           her
           Royall
           Treasure
           ,
           as
           Gold
           ,
           Silver
           ,
           Emeralds
           ,
           Pearles
           ,
           Ebony
           ,
           Ivory
           ,
           and
           Cinnamon
           ,
           as
           also
           store
           of
           Lamps
           ,
           and
           Flax
           ;
           whereupon
           Caesar
           fearing
           that
           she
           would
           set
           fire
           of
           them
           ,
           whereby
           he
           should
           loose
           such
           Treasures
           ,
           he
           ,
           to
           preven
           despaire
           ,
           gave
           her
           hopes
           of
           favour
           ,
           whilst
           he
           marched
           to
           wards
           the
           City
           ,
           and
           she
           privately
           forbad
           the
           Citizens
           of
           Alexandria
           to
           sally
           out
           against
           him
           ;
           whereas
           openly
           she
           seemed
           to
           encourage
           them
           to
           oppose
           him
           .
        
         
           Caesar
           being
           come
           before
           the
           City
           ,
           Anthony
           fallied
           out
           ,
           
           and
           fought
           valiantly
           with
           him
           ,
           and
           routed
           his
           Horse
           ,
           and
           drave
           them
           to
           the
           very
           Camp
           ,
           of
           which
           at
           his
           returne
           ,
           he
           boasted
           to
           Cleopatra
           ,
           and
           she
           to
           reward
           him
           gave
           him
           an
           Headpeice
           ,
           &
           Armour
           ,
           all
           of
           Gold.
           The
           next
           Day
           Anthony
           dispersed
           tickets
           amongst
           Caesars
           Souldiers
           ,
           promising
           them
           fifteen
           hundred
           Drachmaes
           a
           piece
           if
           thy
           would
           come
           over
           to
           him
           :
           These
           Caesar
           read
           to
           his
           Souldiers
           ,
           rendering
           Anthony
           more
           hatefull
           to
           them
           thereby
           ,
           and
           they
           being
           exceeding
           angry
           that
           their
           fidelity
           was
           tempted
           ,
           fought
           so
           valiantly
           at
           the
           next
           encounter
           ,
           that
           Anthony
           was
           driven
           back
           out
           of
           the
           Field
           .
           After
           
           this
           Anthony
           challenged
           Caesar
           to
           a
           single
           Duel
           ,
           who
           answered
           ,
           That
           Anthony
           
             had
             many
             wayes
             to
             die
          
           .
           He
           therefore
           considering
           that
           he
           could
           not
           die
           any
           way
           more
           honourably
           than
           in
           Battell
           ,
           resolved
           to
           set
           upon
           Caesar
           both
           by
           Sea
           and
           Land.
           
        
         
           Many
           Prodigies
           fore-ran
           the
           bondage
           of
           Aegypt
           .
           In
           
           some
           places
           it
           rained
           bloud
           .
           Armies
           appeared
           in
           the
           Aier
           .
           A
           huge
           Draggon
           was
           seen
           amongst
           the
           Aegyptians
           which
           hissed
           horribly
           .
           A
           Comet
           appeared
           ,
           and
           the
           Images
           of
           the
           Dead
           .
           The
           Statues
           seemed
           to
           mourne
           :
           and
           Apis
           lowing
           heavily
           ,
           shed
           some
           teares
           .
        
         
           On
           the
           Kalends
           of
           
             August
             ,
             Anthony
          
           early
           in
           the
           morning
           
           went
           down
           to
           the
           Haven
           to
           order
           his
           Fleet.
           But
           Cleopatra
           caused
           them
           to
           revolt
           from
           him
           ,
           and
           to
           joyn
           with
           Caesars
           Fleet
           :
           Whilst
           Anthony
           beheld
           this
           ,
           he
           was
           also
           forsaken
           by
           all
           his
           Horsemen
           ,
           who
           revolted
           to
           Caesar
           ,
           and
           his
           Foot
           were
           heaten
           back
           into
           the
           City
           :
           whereupon
           he
           cryed
           out
           that
           he
           was
           betrayed
           by
           Cleopatra
           .
           She
           fearing
           his
           anger
           ,
           fled
           to
           her
           Monument
           with
           one
           Eunuch
           ,
           and
           two
           Maids
           ,
           and
           sent
           Anthony
           word
           that
           she
           was
           dead
           :
           This
           he
           believing
           ,
           desired
           his
           faithfull
           servant
           Erotes
           ,
           according
           to
           his
           former
           promise
           ,
           to
           kill
           him
           :
           Erotes
           drew
           out
           his
           Sword
           as
           if
           he
           would
           do
           it
           ,
           but
           Anthonies
           back
           being
           towards
           him
           ,
           he
           slew
           himself
           ,
           who
           falling
           at
           his
           feet
           ,
           Anthony
           said
           ,
           Noble
           Erotes
           ,
           
             thou
             hast
             taught
             me
             what
             to
             do
             ,
             but
             couldst
             not
             endure
             to
             do
             it
             thy selfe
          
           ;
           So
           taking
           the
           Sword
           ,
           he
           thrust
           it
           into
           his
           Belly
           :
           yet
           after
           a
           while
           ,
           the
           bloud
           stopping
           ,
           
           he
           desired
           those
           about
           him
           to
           dispatch
           him
           ,
           but
           they
           all
           fled
           ,
           which
           caused
           a
           great
           tumult
           .
        
         
           Cleopatra
           from
           the
           top
           of
           the
           Monument
           perceiving
           it
           (
           for
           the
           Gate
           was
           so
           made
           that
           being
           shut
           it
           could
           not
           be
           again
           opened
           )
           she
           sent
           her
           Secretary
           to
           bring
           him
           into
           the
           Monument
           to
           her
           :
           Anthony
           was
           carried
           to
           the
           foot
           of
           the
           Monument
           ,
           and
           being
           tyed
           in
           a
           Pulley
           ,
           was
           with
           great
           paines
           drawn
           up
           by
           Cleopatra
           and
           her
           two
           Maids
           .
           It
           was
           a
           sad
           sight
           to
           see
           him
           thus
           drawn
           up
           ,
           besmeared
           
           with
           bloud
           ,
           and
           ready
           to
           give
           up
           the
           Ghost
           .
           When
           he
           came
           to
           the
           top
           ,
           he
           stretched
           forth
           his
           hands
           to
           Cleopatra
           ,
           who
           receiving
           him
           in
           ▪
           laid
           him
           on
           a
           bed
           ,
           tareing
           her
           head
           tire
           ,
           breast
           and
           face
           with
           her
           own
           hands
           ,
           so
           that
           she
           was
           all
           gore
           bloud
           :
           He
           laboured
           to
           comfort
           her
           ,
           and
           advised
           her
           to
           look
           to
           her
           affaires
           ,
           and
           to
           save
           her
           life
           if
           she
           could
           do
           it
           without
           dishonour
           ,
           and
           that
           amongst
           all
           Caesars
           Friends
           she
           should
           most
           trust
           Proculeius
           ,
           and
           so
           gave
           up
           the
           Ghost
           .
        
         
           In
           the
           mean
           time
           Dercetaeus
           ,
           one
           of
           Anthonies
           Guard
           ,
           stole
           his
           bloudy
           Sword
           ,
           and
           ran
           away
           with
           it
           to
           Caesar
           ,
           telling
           him
           what
           had
           happened
           :
           Caesar
           then
           going
           into
           the
           inmost
           roome
           of
           his
           Tent
           ,
           much
           bewailed
           Anthony
           ,
           
           his
           Kinsman
           and
           Colleague
           ,
           and
           who
           had
           been
           his
           companion
           in
           many
           Battels
           ,
           and
           in
           the
           Government
           of
           the
           Empire
           .
           Then
           sending
           for
           Proculeius
           ,
           he
           commanded
           him
           by
           all
           meanes
           ,
           if
           it
           were
           possible
           ,
           to
           save
           Cleopatra
           alive
           ,
           fearing
           to
           loose
           her
           Treasures
           ,
           and
           that
           she
           might
           adorne
           his
           Triumph
           .
           Procuieius
           ,
           and
           one
           Epaphroditus
           coming
           to
           the
           Monument
           ,
           laboured
           to
           perswade
           Cleopotra
           to
           come
           forth
           :
           and
           at
           last
           ,
           by
           a
           wile
           ,
           Proculeius
           seized
           upon
           her
           ,
           yet
           granted
           her
           some
           dayes
           to
           embalme
           Anthonies
           Body
           ,
           after
           which
           they
           brought
           her
           into
           the
           Pallace
           ,
           diminishing
           nothing
           either
           of
           her
           wonted
           traine
           ,
           or
           honour
           ,
           that
           so
           she
           might
           do
           no
           mischief
           to
           her self
           .
        
         
           Caesar
           having
           Conquered
           Alexandria
           ;
           ascended
           into
           a
           Tribunal
           ,
           and
           calling
           the
           Citizens
           before
           him
           ,
           who
           for
           fear
           fel
           upon
           their
           knees
           ,
           he
           told
           them
           that
           he
           freely
           
           pardoned
           them
           for
           their
           great
           God
           Serapis
           his
           sake
           .
           He
           also
           pardoned
           the
           rest
           of
           the
           Aegyptians
           ,
           being
           unwilling
           to
           put
           so
           many
           men
           to
           death
           ,
           which
           formerly
           had
           done
           so
           good
           service
           for
           the
           Romans
           .
           Of
           those
           that
           favoured
           Anthony
           ,
           some
           he
           put
           to
           death
           ,
           and
           others
           he
           pardoned
           either
           of
           his
           own
           good
           will
           ,
           or
           at
           the
           intercession
           of
           Friends
           .
           And
           whereas
           Anthony
           had
           with
           him
           many
           Children
           of
           Kings
           ,
           some
           as
           Hostages
           ,
           others
           upon
           
           false
           accusations
           ,
           some
           of
           them
           Caesar
           sent
           home
           ,
           others
           he
           joyned
           together
           in
           marriage
           ,
           and
           some
           he
           kept
           by
           him
           .
           Comming
           to
           view
           the
           Tomb
           of
           Alexander
           the
           Great
           (
           which
           as
           Strabo
           reporteth
           was
           of
           Glasse
           )
           Caesar
           put
           a
           Crown
           upon
           it
           ,
           and
           strewed
           flowers
           over
           it
           ,
           and
           worshipped
           it
           :
           and
           being
           asked
           whether
           he
           would
           see
           the
           Bodies
           of
           the
           Ptolomies
           ?
           he
           answered
           ,
           
             That
             he
             would
             see
             a
             King
             ,
             not
             the
             dead
             .
          
           Neither
           would
           he
           go
           to
           see
           their
           God
           Apis
           ,
           saying
           ,
           
             that
             he
             used
             to
             worship
             Gods
             ,
             not
             Oxen.
             
          
        
         
           Many
           great
           Kings
           ,
           and
           Captains
           desired
           to
           bury
           the
           Body
           of
           Anthony
           ,
           but
           Caesar
           would
           not
           take
           it
           from
           Cleopatra
           ,
           who
           buried
           it
           splendidly
           and
           Magnificently
           ,
           and
           Caesar
           suffered
           her
           to
           take
           what
           Treasures
           she
           would
           for
           his
           Funerals
           .
           Cleopatra
           ,
           through
           her
           much
           sorrow
           ,
           fell
           into
           a
           Fever
           ,
           and
           her
           Breast
           was
           troubled
           with
           inflammations
           ,
           and
           ulcers
           ,
           through
           the
           blowes
           which
           she
           had
           given
           herself
           ,
           yet
           by
           the
           care
           of
           Caesar
           ,
           and
           the
           skill
           of
           her
           Phisician
           she
           was
           recovered
           :
           after
           which
           she
           delivered
           to
           Caesar
           an
           Inventory
           of
           all
           her
           Treasures
           :
           and
           when
           Seleucus
           ,
           one
           of
           her
           Treasures
           ,
           accused
           her
           for
           concealing
           some
           things
           ,
           she
           leaped
           up
           ,
           and
           taking
           him
           by
           the
           haire
           ,
           she
           buffetted
           him
           soundly
           ;
           at
           which
           Caesar
           smiling
           ,
           reproved
           her
           ,
           to
           whom
           she
           answered
           ,
           
             Is
             it
             not
             a
             great
             matter
             ,
             O
          
           Caesar
           ,
           
             seeing
             thou
             pleasest
             to
             come
          
           
           
             and
             visit
             me
             in
             this
             condition
             that
             I
             am
             in
             ,
             that
             I
             should
             be
             accused
             by
             my
             own
             Servant
             ?
             If
             I
             have
             reserved
             some
             Jewels
             ,
             not
             for
             my self
             poor
             wretch
             ,
             but
             that
             I
             might
             Present
          
           Octavia
           ,
           
             and
             thy
          
           Lyria
           ▪
           
             that
             by
             their
             intercessions
             I
             might
             find
             the
             more
             favour
             with
             thee
             ,
             I
             hope
             it
             s
             no
             fault
             .
             Caesar
          
           was
           glad
           at
           this
           ,
           hoping
           that
           now
           she
           had
           a
           mind
           to
           live
           ,
           but
           she
           deceived
           him
           .
        
         
           Shortly
           after
           she
           wrote
           a
           Letter
           ,
           and
           sealing
           it
           up
           ,
           she
           sent
           it
           by
           Epaphroditus
           to
           Caesar
           ,
           wherein
           she
           desired
           to
           be
           buried
           with
           
             Anthony
             ▪
          
           then
           adorning
           herself
           in
           her
           
           best
           apparel
           ,
           she
           set
           an
           Aspe
           to
           her
           left
           Arme
           ,
           by
           the
           biting
           of
           which
           ,
           she
           presently
           died
           as
           in
           a
           slumber
           .
           As
           soon
           as
           Caesar
           had
           read
           her
           Letter
           ,
           he
           sent
           some
           in
           all
           
           hast
           to
           her
           to
           see
           what
           was
           done
           ,
           who
           when
           they
           came
           ,
           found
           Cleopatra
           dead
           upon
           a
           bed
           of
           Gold
           ,
           in
           all
           her
           royall
           robes
           ,
           and
           her
           two
           waiting
           maides
           dead
           at
           her
           feet
           .
           Casar
           being
           informed
           hereof
           ,
           admired
           ,
           and
           pitied
           her
           ,
           and
           grieved
           that
           he
           was
           deprived
           of
           the
           chiefe
           honour
           of
           his
           Triumph
           ;
           and
           buried
           her
           in
           the
           same
           Sepulcher
           with
           Anthony
           ,
           finishing
           the
           Tomb
           which
           she
           had
           begun
           :
           and
           her
           waiting
           Women
           by
           his
           command
           were
           buried
           honourably
           :
           she
           lived
           thirty
           nine
           years
           and
           raigned
           twenty
           two
           .
        
         
           Caesar
           having
           setled
           his
           affairs
           in
           Aegypt
           ,
           passed
           through
           Syria
           into
           Asia
           ,
           and
           from
           thence
           into
           Greece
           ,
           and
           so
           to
           Rome
           where
           he
           Triumphed
           three
           dayes
           ,
           first
           
           for
           his
           Dalmatian
           ,
           secondly
           for
           his
           A●cian
           ,
           and
           thirdly
           for
           his
           Aegyptian
           Victory
           ,
           which
           was
           the
           most
           sumptuous
           ,
           and
           set
           forth
           with
           the
           greatest
           preparations
           ,
           wherein
           was
           carried
           in
           a
           bed
           the
           Image
           of
           Cleopatra
           ,
           and
           an
           Aspe
           biting
           her
           Arme.
           After
           which
           Caesar
           inriched
           the
           Temple
           of
           his
           Father
           Julius
           with
           the
           Aegyptian
           spoiles
           :
           He
           also
           consecrated
           many
           things
           to
           
             Jupiter
             Capitolinus
             ,
             Juno
          
           ,
           and
           Minerva
           :
           He
           brought
           into
           the
           Cell
           of
           
             Jupiter
             Capitolinus
          
           sixteen
           thousand
           pound
           weight
           of
           Gold
           ,
           beside
           Pearls
           ,
           and
           precious
           stones
           vallued
           at
           fifty
           Millions
           of
           Sesterces
           ,
           and
           Rome
           was
           so
           enriched
           with
           the
           Riches
           of
           Alexandria
           that
           the
           prizes
           of
           every
           thing
           were
           doubled
           ,
           and
           Interest
           fell
           from
           ten
           to
           four
           
             per
             Cent.
          
           
        
         
           Thus
           Caesar
           ,
           in
           the
           space
           of
           about
           sixteen
           years
           ,
           erected
           the
           Monarchy
           ,
           which
           his
           Uncle
           
             Julius
             Caesar
          
           had
           begun
           ,
           and
           though
           the
           meanes
           whereby
           he
           obtained
           it
           ,
           are
           not
           justifiable
           ,
           yet
           afterwards
           he
           Governed
           it
           justly
           ,
           and
           wisely
           ,
           and
           was
           one
           of
           the
           best
           Princes
           in
           the
           World
           :
           Gentle
           ,
           Just
           ,
           Mercifull
           ,
           Liberall
           ,
           Valiant
           ,
           and
           endued
           with
           many
           other
           Virtues
           ;
           happy
           and
           succesfull
           
           in
           his
           affaires
           ,
           and
           much
           beloved
           of
           all
           :
           and
           the
           People
           ,
           and
           Senate
           of
           Rome
           gave
           him
           a
           new
           Name
           ,
           which
           before
           that
           time
           was
           never
           heard
           of
           ,
           calling
           him
           
             Caesar
             Augustus
          
           ,
           a
           Name
           which
           they
           held
           for
           holy
           ,
           venerable
           ,
           and
           of
           Great
           Majesty
           ,
           and
           which
           appertained
           
           to
           the
           Gods
           and
           their
           Temples
           ,
           concerning
           which
           Ovid
           thus
           writes
           ,
        
         
           
             Sed
             tamen
             humanis
             celebrantur
             honoribus
             omnes
             ,
          
           
             Hic
             socium
             summo
             cum
             Jove
             nomen
             habet
             ,
             &c.
             
             Fastorum
             .
          
        
         
           
             All
             common
             Persons
             have
             their
             common
             Fame
             ,
          
           
             But
             he
             with
             Jove
             enjoyes
             an
             equall
             Name
             ,
          
           
             Of
             old
             most
             sacred
             things
             ,
             Augusta
             were
             :
          
           
             Temples
             that
             Name
             ,
             and
             hollowed
             things
             do
             bear
             :
          
           
             Yea
             Auguri
             depends
             upon
             this
             word
             ,
          
           
             And
             whatsoever
             more
             Jove
             doth
             afford
             :
          
           
             Let
             it
             enlarge
             his
             rule
             and
             life
             ,
             let
             all
          
           
             Our
             coast
             be
             guarded
             by
             a
             fenced
             wall
             .
          
        
         
           The
           Senate
           also
           by
           Oath
           approved
           all
           his
           acts
           ,
           freed
           him
           from
           all
           tye
           of
           Laws
           ,
           and
           that
           he
           should
           have
           as
           
           absolute
           power
           as
           the
           Laws
           ,
           and
           that
           he
           might
           do
           all
           things
           ,
           or
           not
           do
           them
           ,
           according
           to
           his
           pleasure
           .
           And
           now
           because
           the
           Books
           of
           the
           Sybils
           ,
           through
           age
           were
           worn
           out
           ,
           Augustus
           gave
           charge
           to
           the
           Priests
           ,
           with
           their
           own
           hands
           to
           write
           them
           out
           ,
           and
           that
           no
           other
           should
           read
           them
           .
        
         
           
             Caesar
             Augustus
          
           (
           for
           so
           now
           we
           must
           call
           him
           )
           seeing
           himself
           in
           quiet
           and
           without
           War
           ,
           caused
           the
           Temple
           of
           Janus
           to
           be
           shut
           ,
           whereas
           they
           Religiously
           observed
           ,
           
           that
           during
           the
           time
           of
           War
           it
           should
           stand
           open
           :
           It
           had
           never
           before
           been
           shut
           since
           the
           foundation
           of
           Rome
           but
           twice
           :
           Once
           in
           the
           time
           of
           
             Numa
             Pompilius
          
           the
           second
           King
           thereof
           :
           and
           the
           other
           after
           the
           second
           Punick
           War
           ,
           whe
           
             Titus
             Manlius
          
           was
           Conful
           ▪
           Augustus
           shut
           this
           Temple
           three
           times
           ,
           whereof
           this
           was
           the
           first
           :
           And
           now
           living
           in
           Peace
           and
           prosperity
           ,
           he
           omitted
           no
           part
           of
           his
           care
           in
           the
           Government
           of
           the
           Roman
           Commonwealth
           ,
           and
           the
           Provinces
           there●●
           :
           Sending
           thither
           Praetors
           ,
           Pro-consuls
           ,
           and
           other
           Governors
           which
           were
           excellent
           men
           ,
           &
           fit
           for
           those
           dignities
           :
           
           and
           himself
           gave
           direction
           ,
           and
           was
           very
           diligent
           in
           all
           things
           touching
           Justice
           ,
           Customes
           ,
           Religion
           ,
           and
           publick
           buildings
           ,
           so
           as
           in
           all
           things
           his
           Rign
           was
           happy
           ,
           peaceable
           ,
           and
           quiet
           dureing
           all
           his
           life
           .
        
         
           Yet
           in
           this
           so
           happy
           a
           time
           ,
           some
           People
           and
           Nations
           still
           affecting
           Liberty
           ,
           laboured
           to
           shake
           off
           the
           Roman
           
           yoak
           ,
           and
           thereby
           molested
           ,
           and
           disquieted
           the
           Empire
           ,
           as
           the
           Spaniards
           ,
           the
           Inhabitants
           of
           Illyricum
           ,
           and
           the
           Pannonians
           .
           In
           Spain
           the
           Cantabrians
           ,
           the
           Asturians
           ,
           and
           part
           of
           Gallicia
           ,
           passing
           their
           bounds
           ,
           began
           a
           War
           against
           the
           Empire
           .
           Augustus
           being
           informed
           hereof
           ,
           judging
           it
           to
           be
           a
           doubtfull
           War
           ,
           and
           of
           importance
           ,
           commanded
           the
           Temple
           of
           Janus
           to
           be
           opened
           ,
           and
           determined
           to
           go
           against
           them
           in
           person
           ,
           and
           to
           send
           other
           Captaines
           to
           follow
           his
           other
           Wars
           .
           And
           accordingly
           Augustus
           went
           into
           Spain
           ,
           and
           with
           three
           Armies
           made
           War
           against
           the
           People
           aforementioned
           ,
           which
           proved
           very
           doubtfull
           ,
           and
           desperate
           ,
           and
           lasted
           five
           years
           :
           and
           though
           he
           suppressed
           the
           Cantabrians
           ,
           and
           Asturians
           ,
           and
           drave
           them
           to
           their
           Rocks
           and
           Mountains
           ,
           yet
           before
           he
           could
           wholly
           subdue
           them
           ,
           he
           was
           faign
           to
           bring
           a
           great
           Navy
           upon
           the
           coast
           of
           France
           to
           invade
           the
           Sea
           coasts
           of
           Cantabria
           ,
           and
           Galizia
           ,
           by
           which
           meanes
           he
           drave
           them
           to
           such
           extremities
           by
           Land
           ,
           that
           they
           were
           at
           last
           forced
           to
           submit
           to
           his
           obedience
           .
        
         
           Augustus
           his
           great
           favourite
           Agrippa
           served
           him
           faithfully
           in
           this
           War
           ,
           whom
           therefore
           he
           married
           to
           his
           Daughter
           Julia
           ,
           who
           was
           the
           Widdow
           of
           his
           Nephew
           Marcellus
           ,
           the
           Son
           of
           his
           Sister
           Octavia
           .
           And
           thus
           he
           brought
           all
           Spain
           into
           subjection
           to
           him
           above
           two-hundred
           
           years
           after
           the
           Romans
           began
           to
           make
           their
           first
           Wars
           there
           .
           So
           as
           no
           Province
           cost
           Rome
           more
           Treasure
           ,
           more
           bloud
           ,
           nor
           more
           time
           than
           Spain
        
         
           This
           long
           and
           doubtfull
           War
           being
           so
           happily
           finished
           ,
           Augustus
           was
           so
           pleased
           with
           it
           that
           he
           gave
           
           commandment
           that
           the
           Temple
           of
           Janus
           should
           again
           be
           shut
           ,
           and
           came
           to
           Rome
           in
           great
           Triumph
           .
           But
           this
           Temple
           continued
           not
           long
           shut
           ,
           for
           some
           Nations
           of
           the
           Germans
           rebelled
           ,
           so
           that
           it
           was
           again
           opened
           .
           These
           were
           the
           Inhabitants
           of
           Noricum
           ,
           (
           now
           Bavaria
           )
           and
           the
           Pannonia's
           (
           now
           Austria
           and
           Hungary
           )
           and
           the
           two
           Missia's
           (
           now
           Bulgary
           ,
           and
           Servia
           )
           ▪
           as
           also
           Illyricum
           (
           now
           Sclavonia
           )
           and
           the
           Province
           of
           Dacia
           (
           now
           Transylvania
           ,
           and
           Walachia
           )
           and
           some
           others
           ,
           though
           at
           severall
           times
           .
        
         
           Against
           these
           Augustus
           sent
           his
           Generals
           ,
           and
           Armies
           ,
           amongst
           which
           were
           his
           Sons
           in
           Law
           ,
           the
           Sons
           of
           
             Livia
             ,
             Tiberius
             Nero
          
           ,
           who
           succeeded
           him
           in
           the
           Empire
           ,
           and
           his
           Brother
           
             Drusus
             Nero
          
           ,
           of
           whom
           Livia
           was
           with
           child
           when
           Octavian
           married
           her
           :
           and
           these
           two
           Brothers
           (
           though
           the
           War
           lasted
           somewhat
           long
           )
           vanquished
           those
           Nations
           ,
           and
           obtained
           great
           Victories
           in
           Germany
           ,
           and
           the
           confines
           thereof
           :
           especially
           Tiberius
           ,
           who
           in
           three
           years
           space
           subdued
           the
           
             Pannonia's
             ,
             Illyricum
          
           ,
           and
           Dalmatia
           ;
           for
           which
           Victories
           he
           afterwards
           entered
           into
           Rome
           in
           an
           Ovation
           Triumph
           with
           great
           Pomp
           and
           honour
           .
           
             Marcus
             Crassus
          
           also
           overcame
           and
           put
           to
           flight
           the
           Missians
           ,
           a
           People
           who
           had
           never
           seen
           the
           Romans
           before
           .
           And
           when
           they
           were
           ready
           to
           give
           Battell
           ,
           they
           said
           ,
           
             Tell
             us
             who
             you
             are
             that
             seek
             to
             molest
             ,
             and
             disquiet
             us
             ?
          
           We
           are
           (
           said
           they
           )
           Romans
           ,
           the
           Lords
           of
           Nations
           ,
           whereupon
           they
           replyed
           ,
           
             It
             shall
             be
             so
             if
             you
             overcome
             us
          
           ;
           which
           fell
           out
           accordingly
           .
        
         
           But
           Augustus
           obtained
           not
           these
           Victories
           without
           
           some
           crosses
           .
           For
           in
           these
           Wars
           dyed
           his
           Son
           in
           Law
           Drusus
           ,
           who
           was
           highly
           esteemed
           for
           his
           Noble
           acts
           ,
           and
           grear
           Victories
           ,
           for
           the
           losse
           of
           whom
           both
           Augustus
           and
           Livia
           were
           much
           afflicted
           :
           But
           yet
           his
           griefe
           was
           greater
           for
           the
           mishap
           which
           befell
           
             Quintilius
             Varro
          
           ,
           who
           was
           Generall
           of
           three
           Legions
           in
           Germany
           ,
           and
           being
           carelesse
           ,
           was
           surprized
           by
           the
           Almans
           ,
           and
           himself
           ,
           his
           Legions
           ,
           and
           all
           his
           Auxiliaries
           were
           slaine
           ,
           and
           
           two
           Standards
           with
           the
           Emperiall
           Eagles
           taken
           ,
           for
           which
           he
           was
           so
           immoderately
           grieved
           ,
           that
           he
           knocked
           his
           Head
           against
           the
           Wall
           ,
           and
           cryed
           out
           unadvisedly
           ,
           
             Quintilius
             Varro
             ,
             Give
             me
             my
             Legions
             again
             :
          
           For
           certaine
           moneths
           also
           he
           suffered
           the
           haire
           of
           his
           Head
           and
           Beard
           to
           grow
           carlesly
           .
           And
           the
           very
           day
           of
           this
           unhappy
           accident
           ,
           he
           did
           every
           year
           observe
           mournfully
           with
           sorrow
           and
           lamentation
           .
        
         
           Of
           his
           Son
           in
           Law
           Drusus
           there
           remained
           two
           Sons
           ,
           Germanicus
           and
           Claudius
           ,
           which
           he
           had
           by
           
             Antonia
             ,
             Augustus
          
           his
           Neece
           ,
           and
           Daughter
           of
           his
           Sister
           Octavia
           and
           
             Mark
             Anthony
          
           ;
           of
           which
           Claudius
           was
           Emperour
           :
           And
           Germanicus
           married
           Agrippina
           ,
           the
           Daughter
           of
           
             Julia
             ,
             Augustus
          
           his
           Daughter
           ,
           by
           whom
           he
           had
           
             Caius
             Caligula
          
           ,
           who
           also
           was
           afterwards
           Emperour
           .
           Augustus
           ,
           after
           many
           notable
           Victories
           ,
           compelled
           his
           enemies
           at
           length
           to
           sue
           for
           Peace
           ,
           whereupon
           again
           he
           commanded
           the
           Temple
           of
           Janus
           to
           be
           shut
           up
           ,
           and
           from
           thenceforth
           all
           things
           succeeded
           prosperonsly
           with
           him
           .
        
         
           The
           Subjects
           of
           the
           Empire
           were
           now
           very
           obedient
           to
           him
           ,
           and
           all
           other
           sent
           their
           Ambassadours
           seeking
           his
           
           favour
           ,
           and
           Friendship
           .
           The
           Indians
           in
           the
           remotest
           parts
           of
           the
           East
           ;
           and
           the
           Scythians
           that
           inhabited
           the
           North
           :
           and
           the
           Parthians
           an
           untamed
           People
           ,
           sent
           their
           Ambassadours
           to
           him
           ,
           giving
           security
           to
           keep
           the
           Peace
           ,
           and
           restoring
           to
           him
           the
           Standards
           and
           Eagles
           which
           were
           taken
           when
           
             Marcus
             Crassus
          
           was
           slaine
           .
           There
           came
           also
           Kings
           who
           were
           Friends
           and
           Subjects
           to
           the
           Roman
           Empire
           to
           do
           him
           Homage
           ,
           laying
           aside
           their
           Ensignes
           ,
           and
           Royall
           Robes
           :
           and
           many
           of
           them
           built
           Cities
           to
           his
           Name
           ,
           and
           for
           his
           honour
           ,
           calling
           them
           Caesaria
           .
           So
           did
           Herod
           the
           Great
           in
           Palestine
           :
           King
           Juba
           in
           Mauritania
           ,
           and
           others
           .
        
         
           The
           World
           being
           thus
           at
           Peace
           and
           quietnesse
           ,
           forty
           and
           two
           years
           being
           expired
           since
           that
           Augustus
           ,
           after
           the
           Death
           of
           
             Julius
             Caesar
          
           ,
           came
           to
           Rome
           ,
           in
           the
           time
           of
           this
           generall
           Peace
           ,
           was
           the
           Prince
           of
           Peace
           ,
           our
           blessed
           
           Lord
           and
           Saviour
           
             Jesus
             Christ
          
           borne
           in
           Bethlem
           ,
           of
           
           the
           Virgin
           
             Mary
             ,
             Herod
          
           being
           King
           of
           Judaea
           ,
           placed
           there
           by
           the
           Romans
           ,
           of
           whose
           blessed
           Life
           and
           bitter
           Death
           ,
           as
           also
           of
           the
           order
           of
           his
           Ministery
           ,
           and
           Miracles
           see
           his
           Life
           published
           by
           me
           
             Anno
             Christi
          
           1664.
           
           At
           which
           time
           their
           came
           forth
           a
           command
           from
           
             Caesar
             Augustus
          
           that
           all
           the
           Roman
           World
           should
           be
           taxed
           ,
           which
           taxing
           was
           first
           made
           when
           Cyrenius
           was
           Governour
           of
           
             Syria
             .
             Luck
          
           .
           2.
           1.
           
           Out
           of
           which
           a
           little
           Book
           was
           made
           by
           Augustus
           ,
           in
           which
           all
           the
           publick
           Riches
           were
           contained
           :
           as
           also
           how
           many
           Citizens
           ,
           and
           Allies
           in
           Armes
           :
           what
           Navies
           :
           How
           many
           Kingdomes
           and
           Provinces
           :
           what
           Tribute
           ,
           and
           Customs
           there
           were
           :
           what
           necessary
           charges
           ,
           and
           Pensions
           went
           out
           .
           Shortly
           after
           Augustus
           was
           called
           Lord
           by
           the
           People
           ,
           but
           he
           did
           not
           only
           refuse
           that
           Title
           ,
           but
           forbad
           it
           by
           a
           publick
           Edict
           .
        
         
           Augustus
           enjoying
           so
           great
           prosperity
           ,
           was
           yet
           nothing
           
           altered
           in
           his
           qualities
           and
           behaviour
           ,
           as
           often
           it
           happens
           in
           other
           Princes
           ;
           but
           rather
           became
           more
           mild
           ,
           just
           ,
           and
           affable
           ,
           more
           courteous
           ,
           liberall
           ,
           and
           temperate
           .
           He
           established
           very
           good
           Laws
           ,
           and
           orders
           for
           the
           reformation
           of
           abuses
           and
           evill
           customes
           .
           He
           erected
           both
           within
           and
           without
           Rome
           many
           stately
           ,
           and
           sumptuous
           Edifices
           ,
           which
           made
           him
           to
           boast
           concerning
           
             Rome
             ,
             Latericiam
             inveni
             ,
             Marmoream
             reliqui
             :
          
           I
           found
           it
           built
           with
           Brick
           ,
           and
           left
           it
           built
           with
           Marble
           .
           He
           bestowed
           great
           gifts
           and
           favours
           upon
           all
           sorts
           of
           People
           .
           He
           delighted
           the
           People
           with
           Feasts
           ,
           and
           Playes
           of
           sundry
           kinds
           ,
           going
           himself
           in
           person
           to
           honour
           them
           :
           He
           sent
           Colonies
           into
           sundry
           parts
           and
           Provinces
           :
           He
           made
           excellent
           good
           Orders
           for
           the
           Governours
           ,
           and
           Government
           of
           the
           whole
           Empire
           :
           The
           like
           he
           did
           also
           for
           the
           Wars
           ,
           and
           Martial
           Discipline
           .
           He
           shewed
           himself
           loving
           and
           sociable
           to
           his
           Friends
           and
           Familiars
           ,
           whom
           he
           honoured
           and
           loved
           much
           .
           Some
           conspiracies
           against
           him
           which
           were
           discovered
           ,
           he
           punished
           without
           rigour
           ,
           being
           more
           prone
           to
           
           pardon
           than
           to
           punish
           .
           Of
           murmurings
           ,
           and
           defamatory
           Libels
           he
           never
           desired
           to
           know
           the
           Authours
           ;
           but
           answered
           them
           with
           gravity
           ,
           giving
           satisfaction
           ,
           and
           purging
           himself
           from
           those
           things
           which
           were
           charged
           upon
           him
           .
           He
           was
           much
           addicted
           to
           ,
           and
           affected
           with
           learning
           ,
           and
           himself
           was
           very
           learned
           and
           eloquent
           ,
           and
           compiled
           some
           notable
           Books
           .
           He
           much
           honoured
           and
           rewarded
           wise
           and
           learned
           men
           :
           yet
           he
           escaped
           not
           the
           tainture
           of
           some
           vices
           ,
           growing
           through
           humaine
           frailty
           ,
           and
           his
           great
           liberty
           :
           especially
           he
           was
           much
           given
           to
           Women
           ,
           though
           in
           his
           diet
           ,
           apparel
           ,
           
           and
           ornaments
           he
           was
           very
           sparing
           and
           modest
           .
           He
           gave
           himself
           also
           excessively
           to
           play
           at
           Dice
           ,
           and
           other
           Games
           then
           in
           use
           .
        
         
           Thus
           ,
           though
           in
           many
           things
           he
           was
           very
           happy
           ,
           yet
           ,
           besides
           his
           troubles
           and
           dangers
           ,
           he
           was
           very
           unhappy
           in
           his
           Children
           and
           Successours
           :
           For
           by
           his
           
           four
           Wives
           to
           whom
           he
           was
           married
           ,
           he
           had
           only
           one
           Daughter
           called
           Julia
           ,
           by
           his
           third
           Wife
           Scribonia
           ,
           and
           she
           proved
           exceeding
           Wanton
           ,
           and
           unchast
           ,
           yea
           she
           left
           nothing
           undone
           in
           luxury
           ,
           and
           lust
           ,
           which
           was
           possible
           for
           a
           woman
           to
           do
           or
           suffer
           ,
           accounting
           every
           thing
           lawfull
           that
           pleased
           her
           .
           Yea
           ,
           she
           came
           to
           that
           heigth
           of
           laciviousnesse
           ,
           that
           she
           kept
           her
           feasting
           even
           in
           the
           Courts
           of
           Justice
           ,
           abusing
           those
           very
           places
           with
           lascivious
           acts
           in
           which
           her
           Father
           had
           made
           Laws
           against
           Adulterers
           .
           Hereupon
           her
           Father
           was
           so
           enraged
           that
           he
           could
           not
           contain
           his
           anger
           within
           his
           own
           House
           ,
           but
           published
           these
           things
           ,
           yea
           ,
           and
           communicated
           them
           to
           the
           Lords
           of
           the
           Senate
           .
           He
           kept
           himself
           also
           a
           long
           time
           from
           company
           for
           very
           shame
           :
           He
           had
           thoughts
           of
           putting
           his
           Daughter
           to
           death
           ;
           but
           at
           last
           he
           banished
           her
           into
           Pandataria
           ,
           an
           Island
           of
           Campania
           ,
           her
           Mother
           Scribonia
           ,
           of
           her
           own
           accord
           ,
           accompanying
           her
           in
           banishment
           ,
           Julia
           being
           at
           this
           time
           thirty
           eight
           years
           old
           .
        
         
           For
           want
           of
           Sons
           to
           succed
           him
           ,
           Augustus
           first
           adopted
           his
           Nephew
           Marcellus
           the
           Son
           of
           his
           Sister
           Octavia
           ,
           to
           whom
           he
           first
           married
           his
           Daughter
           Julia
           :
           and
           Marcellus
           
           dying
           without
           issue
           ,
           he
           then
           married
           her
           to
           his
           Favourite
           Agrippa
           :
           who
           also
           left
           her
           a
           Widdow
           ,
           but
           yet
           he
           had
           by
           her
           three
           Sons
           ,
           and
           two
           Daughters
           :
           Two
           of
           these
           Sons
           having
           been
           adopted
           by
           Augustus
           ,
           died
           before
           him
           :
           whereupon
           he
           adopted
           the
           third
           ,
           who
           bore
           his
           Fathers
           Name
           ,
           Agrippa
           ,
           the
           which
           adoption
           he
           afterwads
           revoaked
           for
           some
           displeasure
           conceived
           against
           him
           :
           and
           lastly
           he
           adopted
           his
           Son
           in
           Law
           
             Tiberius
             Nero
          
           ,
           and
           made
           him
           his
           Heire
           ,
           whom
           also
           he
           married
           to
           his
           Daughter
           Julia
           ,
           the
           Widdow
           of
           Agrippa
           :
           yet
           this
           he
           did
           more
           through
           the
           importunity
           of
           his
           mother
           ,
           than
           for
           any
           good
           liking
           that
           he
           had
           of
           him
           ,
           being
           sorry
           that
           such
           an
           one
           should
           succeed
           him
           .
        
         
           Not
           long
           after
           ,
           the
           first
           Letter
           of
           his
           Name
           that
           was
           upon
           the
           Inscription
           of
           his
           Statue
           that
           was
           set
           up
           in
           the
           Capitol
           ,
           fell
           down
           ,
           being
           struck
           with
           a
           flash
           of
           lightening
           ;
           whereupon
           the
           Southsayers
           foretold
           that
           he
           should
           
           live
           only
           one
           hundred
           dayes
           after
           ,
           which
           was
           denoted
           by
           the
           letter
           C.
           and
           that
           he
           should
           be
           Cannonized
           for
           a
           God
           ,
           because
           Aesar
           ,
           which
           remained
           of
           his
           Name
           ,
           in
           the
           Hetruscan
           .
           Tongue
           signified
           a
           God.
           Hereupon
           he
           wrot
           a
           Catalogue
           of
           his
           doings
           ,
           which
           he
           appointed
           to
           be
           engraven
           in
           Tables
           of
           Brasse
           ,
           and
           to
           be
           set
           over
           his
           Tomb.
           
        
         
           Things
           being
           thus
           done
           ,
           
             Caesar
             Augustus
          
           being
           now
           seventy
           six
           years
           old
           ,
           and
           odd
           dayes
           ,
           having
           raigned
           above
           fifty
           six
           ,
           and
           being
           the
           best
           beloved
           ,
           and
           the
           best
           obeyed
           Prince
           in
           the
           World
           ,
           Death
           overtook
           him
           ,
           which
           was
           occasioned
           by
           a
           flux
           which
           held
           him
           for
           some
           dayes
           :
           and
           so
           Augustus
           died
           at
           Nolla
           in
           Campania
           ,
           in
           the
           same
           House
           and
           Chamber
           wherein
           his
           Father
           Octavius
           died
           ,
           
           being
           the
           nineteenth
           day
           of
           August
           ,
           upon
           which
           day
           he
           was
           first
           made
           Consul
           :
           and
           in
           the
           fifteenth
           year
           after
           the
           birth
           of
           our
           Saviour
           
             Jesus
             Christ.
          
           
        
         
           He
           was
           generally
           lamented
           ,
           and
           there
           was
           a
           universall
           sorrow
           ,
           and
           heavinesse
           over
           the
           whole
           Empire
           for
           him
           .
           For
           he
           did
           wisely
           and
           uprightly
           Govern
           that
           Monarchy
           
           
           
           
           
           which
           he
           had
           gotten
           by
           force
           ,
           and
           fraud
           .
           He
           was
           
           of
           a
           mean
           stature
           ,
           of
           a
           very
           good
           shape
           ,
           and
           proportion
           of
           Body
           ,
           of
           an
           exceeding
           fair
           face
           mixed
           with
           modesty
           ,
           and
           gravity
           :
           His
           eyes
           were
           very
           clear
           and
           bright
           :
           He
           was
           very
           advised
           in
           his
           speeches
           ,
           and
           loved
           to
           speak
           quick
           ,
           and
           briefly
           .
           His
           last
           Will
           and
           Testament
           was
           written
           a
           year
           and
           four
           moneths
           before
           he
           died
           ,
           and
           left
           in
           the
           custody
           of
           the
           
             Vestall
             Virgins
          
           .
        
         
           In
           his
           life
           time
           he
           was
           very
           desirous
           to
           reforme
           abuses
           in
           Rome
           ,
           and
           in
           the
           first
           place
           he
           corrected
           some
           disorders
           in
           the
           Senate
           ,
           whom
           he
           reduced
           to
           the
           number
           of
           six
           hundred
           .
           He
           reformed
           what
           was
           amiss
           in
           their
           playes
           and
           Games
           ,
           in
           the
           Knights
           ,
           and
           in
           their
           manner
           of
           suing
           for
           publick
           Offices
           .
           He
           set
           fines
           upon
           their
           Heads
           that
           would
           not
           marry
           ,
           and
           bestowed
           much
           upon
           those
           that
           had
           Wives
           and
           Children
           .
           He
           gave
           unto
           Hortensius
           
           twenty
           five
           thousand
           Crowns
           to
           procure
           him
           to
           marry
           ,
           that
           he
           might
           raise
           up
           issue
           to
           that
           Noble
           Family
           of
           the
           Hortenses
           .
           He
           ordained
           that
           maids
           should
           be
           at
           least
           twelve
           years
           old
           before
           they
           married
           :
           and
           suffered
           them
           to
           kill
           Adulterers
           that
           were
           taken
           in
           the
           fact
           ,
           and
           condemned
           the
           Sodomites
           without
           pardon
           .
           He
           gave
           order
           that
           none
           should
           be
           put
           in
           nomination
           for
           Offices
           but
           such
           as
           were
           vertuous
           and
           of
           good
           repute
           .
           He
           tied
           not
           himself
           to
           any
           certain
           hours
           for
           his
           meales
           ,
           but
           used
           to
           eat
           when
           he
           was
           hungry
           ,
           and
           that
           which
           he
           fed
           upon
           was
           neither
           dainty
           nor
           delicate
           ,
           and
           he
           drank
           
           little
           Wine
           :
           Instead
           of
           a
           Looking-glasse
           ,
           he
           used
           to
           read
           or
           write
           whilst
           his
           Barber
           was
           trimming
           him
           .
           He
           never
           spake
           to
           the
           Senate
           or
           people
           ,
           or
           to
           his
           Souldiers
           but
           what
           he
           had
           first
           written
           and
           premeditated
           ,
           though
           he
           had
           words
           at
           command
           .
        
         
           He
           delighted
           to
           read
           good
           Authours
           ,
           but
           gathered
           nothing
           more
           then
           sentences
           teaching
           good
           manners
           ,
           and
           
           having
           written
           them
           out
           word
           for
           word
           ,
           he
           gave
           Coppies
           thereof
           to
           his
           familiar
           Friends
           ,
           and
           sent
           them
           about
           to
           the
           Governours
           of
           Provinces
           and
           to
           the
           Magistrates
           of
           Rome
           .
           He
           was
           too
           much
           adicted
           to
           Divinations
           ,
           
           and
           was
           marvellously
           afraid
           of
           Thunder
           and
           Lightning
           :
           Our
           Saviour
           Christ
           being
           borne
           ,
           all
           the
           Devils
           Oracles
           ceased
           ,
           and
           the
           Oracle
           of
           Delphes
           was
           faigne
           to
           confesse
           it
           ,
           and
           ever
           after
           remained
           dumb
           :
           whereupon
           Augustus
           
           being
           astonished
           ,
           caused
           a
           great
           Altar
           to
           be
           set
           up
           in
           the
           Capitol
           ,
           with
           an
           Inscription
           ,
           signifying
           that
           
             it
             was
             the
             Altar
             of
             the
             God
             first
             born
             .
          
           To
           prevent
           the
           great
           abuse
           of
           Usury
           which
           undid
           many
           Families
           ,
           he
           put
           into
           the
           Exchequer
           twenty
           five
           hundred
           thousand
           Crowns
           ,
           and
           suffered
           private
           men
           to
           take
           of
           it
           for
           three
           years
           without
           
           Interest
           ,
           putting
           in
           good
           security
           for
           the
           paying
           back
           of
           the
           principall
           :
           and
           condemned
           such
           usurers
           as
           had
           taken
           more
           than
           the
           Law
           allowed
           to
           pay
           four
           times
           as
           much
           to
           those
           who
           had
           been
           oppressed
           by
           them
           .
        
         
           FINIS
           .
        
      
    
     
       
         Notes, typically marginal, from the original text
         
           Notes for div A33321-e120
           
             Caesars
             Parentage
             .
          
           
             His
             danger
             by
             Sylla
             .
          
           
             His
             flight
             ▪
             
          
           
             He
             is
             taken
             by
             Pirates
             .
          
           
             His
             boldnesse
             .
          
           
             He
             is
             delivered
             .
          
           
             He
             crucifies
             the
             Pirates
             .
          
           
             His
             studies
             .
          
           
             His
             return
             to
             Rome
             .
          
           
             He
             grows
             popular
             .
          
           
             And
             is
             feared
             .
          
           
             His
             preferment
             .
          
           
             His
             ambition
             .
             He
             is
             made
             High
             Priest.
             
          
           
             His
             Moderation
             .
          
           
             He
             puts
             away
             his
             wife
             .
          
           
             His
             ambition
             .
          
           
             His
             victories
             in
             Spain
             .
          
           
             His
             Prudence
             .
          
           
             His
             subtilty
             .
          
           
             He
             is
             chosen
             Consul
             .
          
           
             He
             marries
             his
             Daughter
             to
             Pompey
          
           
             He
             is
             sent
             into
             Gaul
             .
          
           
             He
             bettays
             Cicero
             .
          
           
             His
             Valour
             and
             great
             successes
             .
          
           
             His
             Souldiers
             Valour
             .
          
           
             His
             Temperance
             .
          
           
             His
             activity
             .
          
           
             He
             overcomes
             the
             Swissers
             .
          
           
             And
             the
             Germans
             .
          
           
             And
             the
             Gauls
             .
          
           
             His
             policy
             .
          
           
             He
             overcomes
             the
             Belgae
             .
          
           
             A
             Battel
             .
          
           
             His
             Policy
             .
          
           
             He
             overcomes
             the
             Germans
             .
          
           
             He
             passes
             over
             the
             Rhine
             .
          
           
             And
             went
             into
             England
             .
          
           
             Julias
             death
             .
          
           
             He
             beates
             the
             French.
             
          
           
             The
             French
             rebell
             .
          
           
             Caesar
             overcomes
             them
             .
          
           
             
               Non
               vult
            
             Caesarve
             priorem
             ,
             Pompeiusve
             pareni
             .
          
           
             Disorders
             at
             Rome
             .
          
           
             Pompey
             sole
             Consul
             .
          
           
             Pompey
             deluded
             .
          
           
             Factions
             in
             Rome
             .
          
           
             Caesar
             goes
             against
             Pompey
             .
          
           
             He
             passes
             Rubicon
             .
          
           
             Pompey
             flies
             and
             the
             Senate
             .
          
           
             Caesar
             pursues
             him
             .
          
           
             He
             is
             Lord
             of
             all
             Italy
             .
             And
             went
             to
             Rome
             .
          
           
             He
             went
             into
             Spain
          
           
             And
             conquered
             Pompeys
             men
             .
          
           
             And
             other
             places
             .
          
           
             He
             takes
             Marcelleis
             .
          
           
             His
             Captaines
             had
             ill
             successe
             .
          
           
             Pompey
             prepares
             for
             War.
             
          
           
             Caesar
             goes
             against
             him
             .
             Now
             Brindez
             .
          
           
             Sksrmishes
             betwixt
             them
             .
          
           
             Caesars
             rashness
             .
          
           
             Caesar
             is
             beaten
             .
          
           
             Caesars
             policy
             .
          
           
             Pompeys
             good
             resolution
             .
          
           
             Pompey
             beaten
             and
             slain
             .
          
           
             Caesars
             clemency
             .
          
           
             He
             pursues
             Pompey
             .
          
           
             He
             comes
             into
             Egypt
             .
          
           
             Vanity
             of
             vanities
             .
          
           
             His
             Wars
             in
             Egypt
             .
          
           
             His
             danger
             .
          
           
             His
             Victory
             .
          
           
             He
             passes
             into
             Asia
             .
          
           
             Overcomes
             Pharnaces
             .
          
           
             He
             comes
             to
             Rome
             .
          
           
             He
             passes
             into
             Africk
             .
          
           
             He
             overcomes
             Scipio
             .
          
           
             Cato
             kills
             himself
             .
          
           
             He
             returns
             to
             Rome
             .
          
           
             His
             Triumphs
             .
          
           
             He
             goes
             nto
             Spain
             .
          
           
             A
             cruel
             Battell
             .
          
           
             His
             Victory
             .
          
           
             He
             returns
             ●o
             Rome
             .
          
           
             His
             power
             .
          
           
             His
             clemency
             ,
             and
             Magnaminity
             .
          
           
             Disconten's
             arise
             .
          
           
             Base
             flattery
             .
          
           
             His
             great
             projects
             .
          
           
             His
             Pride
             .
          
           
             His
             dissimulation
             .
          
           
             A
             conspiracy
             against
             him
             ▪
             
          
           
             His
             death
             foretold
             .
          
           
             He
             is
             slaine
             .
          
           
             His
             character
             .
          
           
             His
             will.
             
          
           
             Peace
             concluded
             .
          
           
             A
             tumult
             .
          
           
             He
             favoured
             the
             Jewes
             .
          
        
         
           Notes for div A33321-e12270
           
             His
             Parentage
             .
          
           
             His
             first
             imployment
             .
          
           
             He
             comes
             into
             Italy
             .
          
           
             Many
             resort
             to
             him
             .
          
           
             He
             comes
             to
             Rome
             .
          
           
             
               M.
               Anthony's
            
             pride
             .
          
           
             And
             falshood
             .
          
           
             Caesar
             raises
             ▪
             an
             Army
             .
          
           
             Anthony
             leaves
             Rome
             .
          
           
             His
             Parsimony
             .
          
           
             Caesars
             Policy
             .
          
           
             Anthony
             declared
             an
             enemy
             .
          
           
             Caesar
             overcomes
             him
             .
          
           
             He
             fliesinto
             France
             .
          
           
             Caesar
             makes
             himself
             Consul
             .
          
           
             A
             Triumvirate
             erected
             .
          
           
             Many
             proscribed
             .
          
           
             Ingratitude
             .
          
           
             Cicero
             flies
             .
          
           
             And
             is
             slaine
             .
          
           
             Horid
             cruelty
             .
          
           
             Sons
             unnaturall
             .
          
           
             Sons
             dutifull
             and
             good
             .
          
           
             Wives
             good
             .
          
           
             Wives
             bad
             .
          
           
             Servants
             bad
             .
          
           
             Servants
             good
             .
          
           
             A
             good
             Son.
             
          
           
             A
             Jezabel
             .
          
           
             Base
             coveteousnesse
             .
          
           
             Valour
             .
          
           
             Oppression
             .
          
           
             They
             go
             against
             Brutus
             and
             Cassius
             .
          
           
             Prodigeis
             .
          
           
             A
             Spectarum
             .
          
           
             Brutus
             beats
             
               Caesar
               .
               M.
               Anthony
            
             beats
             Cassius
             .
          
           
             Brutus
             beaten
             .
          
           
             Kills
             himself
             .
          
           
             Anthony
             With
             Cleopatra
             .
          
           
             Troubles
             in
             Rome
             .
          
           
             Caesars
             Victory
             .
          
           
             Authony
             comes
             into
             Italy
             .
          
           
             Peace
             made
             bewixt
             them
             .
          
           
             Anthony
             marries
             Octavia
             .
          
           
             They
             are
             reconciled
             with
             
               Sextus
               Pompey
            
             .
          
           
             The
             Parthian
             bea
             ▪
             ten
             .
          
           
             Caesar
             envies
             
               Sextus
               Pompey
            
             .
          
           
             Wars
             against
             him
             .
          
           
             Caesar
             marries
             Livia
             .
          
           
             Pompey
             beaten
             .
          
           
             Caesar
             beaten
             .
          
           
             Pompey
             beaten
             .
          
           
             And
             flies
             .
          
           
             And
             is
             slaine
             .
          
           
             Caesars
             dangers
             .
          
           
             He
             falls
             out
             with
             Lepidus
             .
          
           
             Caesars
             Policy
             .
          
           
             Lepidus
             overcome
             .
          
           
             Caesar
             retern
             to
             Rome
             .
          
           
             Anthony
             besotted
             with
             Cleopatra
             .
          
           
             Caesar
             seeks
             a
             quarrill
             with
             him
             .
          
           
             Caesars
             new
             troubles
             .
          
           
             Qurrals
             betwixt
             them
             .
          
           
             Preparation
             for
             War.
             
          
           
             Anthonys
             imprudence
             .
          
           
             Caesars
             message
             .
          
           
             Antonys
             answer
             .
          
           
             They
             meet
             .
          
           
             They
             prepare
             to
             fight
             .
          
           
             A
             Battell
             .
          
           
             Antony
             flies
             .
          
           
             His
             mens
             fidelity
             .
          
           
             His
             Army
             yeilds
             to
             Caesar.
             
          
           
             Anthony
             lives
             privately
             .
          
           
             Caesar
             highly
             honoured
             .
          
           
             Anthony
             prepars
             for
             War.
             
          
           
             Casar
             pursuss
             him
             into
             Aegypt
             .
          
           
             Prodigies
             .
          
           
             Cleopatras
             treachery
             .
          
           
             Anthony
             kills
             himself
             .
          
           
             Casar
             bewailes
             his
             Death
             .
          
           
             Caesar
             pardons
             the
             Egytians
             .
          
           
             Cleopatras
             Passion
             .
          
           
             She
             kills
             herself
             .
          
           
             Caesars
             Triumphs
             
          
           
             Caesare
             commendations
             .
          
           
             Flattery
             .
          
           
             Janus
             Temple
             shut
             up
             .
          
           
             New
             troubles
             .
          
           
             Spain
             subdued
             .
          
           
             Augustus
             his
             crosses
             .
          
           
             Many
             Ambassadours
             come
             to
             him
             .
          
           
             Our
             Saviour
             Christ
             borne
             .
          
           
             His
             Prudence
             and
             Justice
             .
          
           
             His
             vices
             .
          
           
             His
             crosses
             .
          
           
             A
             prodigy
             .
          
           
             His
             Death
             .
          
           
             His
             Character
             .
          
           
             He
             was
             a
             friend
             to
             marriag
             .
          
           
             His
             temperance
             .
          
           
             His
             Prudence
             .
          
           
             The
             Devils
             Oracles
             dumb
             
          
           
             His
             Charity
             .