The life & death of William, surnamed the Conqueror, King of England and Duke of Normandy, who dyed Anno Christi, 1087 by Samuel Clarke ...
         Clarke, Samuel, 1599-1682.
      
       
         
           1671
        
      
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             The life & death of William, surnamed the Conqueror, King of England and Duke of Normandy, who dyed Anno Christi, 1087 by Samuel Clarke ...
             Clarke, Samuel, 1599-1682.
          
           [2], 36 [i.e. 44] p. : port.
           
             Printed for Simon Miller ...,
             London :
             1671.
          
           
             Reproduction of original in British Library.
          
        
      
    
     
       
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           William -- I, -- King of England, 1027 or 8-1087.
        
      
    
     
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               Wilhelmus
               Conquestor
               Rex
               Anglia
               Dux
               Norman
               :
               etc.
               
            
          
        
      
       
         
         
           THE
           Life
           &
           Death
           OF
           WILLIAM
           ,
           Surnamed
           The
           Conqueror
           :
           King
           of
           ENGLAND
           ,
           and
           Duke
           of
           NORMANDY
           .
           Who
           dyed
           
             Anno
             Christi
          
           ,
           1087.
           
        
         
           By
           
             Samuel
             Clarke
          
           ,
           late
           Minister
           of
           
             Bennet-Finck
             London
          
           .
        
         
           LONDON
           ,
           Printed
           for
           
             Simon
             Miller
          
           at
           the
           signe
           of
           the
           Star
           ,
           at
           the
           West
           end
           of
           St
           Pauls
           ,
           1671.
           
        
      
    
     
       
         
         
         
           THE
           Life
           and
           Death
           of
           WILLIAM
           Sirnamed
           the
           CONQUEROUR
           KING
           of
           ENGLAND
           ,
           and
           Duke
           of
           NORMANDY
           :
           Who
           dyed
           
             Anno
             Christi
          
           ,
           1087.
           
        
         
           THE
           Normans
           issued
           out
           of
           Denmark
           ,
           
           and
           Norway
           ,
           the
           Inhabitants
           of
           which
           Countries
           in
           those
           times
           were
           so
           fruitful
           in
           the
           Procreation
           of
           Children
           ,
           that
           they
           were
           forced
           oft-times
           to
           send
           multitudes
           abroad
           to
           seek
           new
           habitations
           .
           Amongst
           whom
           there
           was
           one
           *
           Roul
           ,
           a
           great
           Commander
           ,
           attended
           with
           many
           lusty
           lads
           ,
           who
           in
           the
           dayes
           of
           King
           Alfrid
           ,
           first
           landed
           in
           England
           ;
           where
           finding
           no
           room
           empty
           ,
           nor
           any
           imployment
           ,
           was
           content
           (
           upon
           some
           relief
           received
           )
           to
           seek
           imployment
           else-where
           ;
           which
           he
           did
           against
           Rambalt
           Duke
           of
           Frize
           ,
           and
           Reiver
           Duke
           of
           Chaumont
           ,
           and
           Henalt
           ,
           with
           whom
           he
           often
           encountred
           ,
           and
           made
           great
           spoiles
           in
           their
           Countries
           .
           Then
           passing
           along
           the
           Coast
           of
           France
           ,
           he
           entred
           the
           mouth
           
           of
           the
           River
           Seine
           ,
           and
           sackt
           all
           the
           Country
           up
           to
           Roan
           :
           where
           the
           People
           having
           been
           a
           little
           before
           miserably
           spoiled
           by
           an
           other
           Invader
           ,
           were
           so
           terrified
           by
           the
           coming
           of
           these
           new
           Forces
           ,
           that
           the
           Archbishop
           of
           Roan
           ,
           by
           the
           peoples
           consent
           ,
           offered
           him
           the
           obedience
           of
           that
           City
           and
           Country
           upon
           condition
           that
           he
           would
           protect
           them
           ,
           and
           govern
           them
           according
           to
           the
           Laws
           of
           Christ
           ,
           and
           the
           customes
           of
           their
           Countrey
           .
           For
           Charles
           the
           Simple
           ,
           the
           present
           King
           of
           France
           ,
           being
           otherwise
           embroiled
           about
           the
           right
           of
           his
           Crown
           ,
           neglected
           to
           defend
           them
           :
           So
           that
           Roul
           shortly
           after
           attempted
           the
           Conquest
           of
           Paris
           itself
           ,
           and
           therein
           gave
           some
           notable
           overthrowes
           to
           some
           of
           the
           French
           Commanders
           :
           So
           that
           King
           Charles
           was
           forced
           to
           buy
           his
           Peace
           by
           entering
           into
           alliance
           with
           ,
           and
           giving
           over
           to
           Roul
           ,
           his
           right
           to
           Normandy
           ,
           (
           formerly
           called
           Nuestria
           )
           .
           And
           hereupon
           Roul
           turned
           Christian
           ,
           and
           was
           baptized
           by
           the
           name
           of
           Robert.
           
        
         
           Thus
           he
           came
           to
           his
           Estate
           ,
           which
           he
           governed
           with
           such
           Judgment
           and
           equity
           ,
           that
           he
           left
           his
           Name
           honourable
           ,
           and
           his
           successours
           a
           firme
           foundation
           to
           build
           upon
           .
           From
           him
           in
           a
           direct
           line
           descended
           six
           Dukes
           of
           Normandy
           that
           inherited
           that
           Dukedome
           ,
           the
           last
           of
           which
           ,
           was
           also
           called
           Robert
           ,
           who
           (
           out
           of
           blind
           devotion
           )
           resolving
           to
           visit
           Christ's
           Sepulchre
           ,
           acquainted
           his
           Nobles
           therewith
           :
           They
           disswaded
           him
           all
           they
           could
           ,
           because
           he
           had
           no
           issue
           ,
           and
           Allaire
           Earl
           of
           Britaine
           ,
           and
           the
           Earle
           of
           Burgundy
           were
           already
           contending
           which
           of
           them
           should
           succeed
           him
           ,
           whereby
           their
           Country
           was
           like
           to
           become
           a
           Prey
           to
           the
           Souldiers
           ,
           from
           which
           he
           in
           conscience
           was
           bound
           to
           secure
           it
           .
        
         
         
           The
           Duke
           told
           them
           ,
           that
           he
           had
           a
           little
           Bastard
           ,
           
           of
           whom
           he
           had
           great
           hopes
           ,
           whom
           he
           would
           invest
           with
           that
           Dutchy
           as
           his
           Heir
           ,
           and
           therefore
           he
           prayed
           them
           thenceforth
           to
           take
           him
           for
           their
           Lord.
           And
           (
           said
           he
           )
           
             To
             shew
             my
             trust
             in
             him
             ,
             I
             will
             make
             the
             Earl
             of
          
           Britaine
           
             his
             Governour
             ,
             and
             Seneschal
             of
          
           Normandy
           ;
           
             and
             the
             King
             of
          
           France
           
             shall
             be
             his
             Guardian
             ,
             and
             so
             I
             will
             leave
             him
             to
             God
             and
             your
             Loyalty
             .
          
        
         
           Shortly
           after
           the
           Bishops
           and
           Barons
           did
           their
           homage
           to
           this
           base
           Son
           ,
           named
           William
           ,
           whom
           
           his
           Father
           begat
           on
           one
           Arlet
           ,
           a
           mean
           woman
           of
           Falaise
           .
           And
           Duke
           Robert
           delivered
           the
           Child
           with
           his
           own
           hand
           to
           Henry
           first
           King
           of
           France
           ,
           whom
           he
           had
           greatly
           assisted
           in
           keeping
           his
           Crown
           against
           an
           other
           Competitor
           :
           and
           therefore
           he
           might
           the
           more
           presume
           (
           if
           good-turns
           done
           to
           Princes
           could
           weigh
           down
           self-respects
           )
           to
           have
           
           found
           a
           faithful
           discharge
           of
           his
           trust
           .
           He
           caused
           also
           young
           William
           to
           doe
           his
           homage
           for
           the
           Dutchy
           of
           Normandy
           to
           the
           King
           ,
           and
           so
           committed
           him
           to
           his
           Royal
           Faith
           :
           and
           going
           his
           joruney
           ,
           he
           dyed
           in
           
             Asia
             ,
             William
          
           being
           then
           but
           nine
           years
           old
           .
        
         
           Soon
           after
           the
           news
           of
           his
           Father's
           death
           ,
           the
           Nobles
           of
           Normandy
           ,
           by
           much
           intreaty
           gat
           him
           out
           
           of
           the
           French
           King's
           hand
           ,
           knowing
           that
           they
           having
           him
           amongst
           them
           ,
           would
           countenance
           his
           Counsellers
           ,
           and
           such
           as
           were
           in
           Office.
           But
           they
           soon
           found
           that
           his
           Person
           without
           power
           did
           but
           increase
           
           their
           discord
           ,
           and
           factions
           .
           For
           presently
           after
           his
           right
           was
           questioned
           by
           Competitors
           And
           first
           
             Robert
             de
             Tresny
          
           ,
           an
           experienced
           Souldier
           ,
           
           bringing
           a
           fair
           line
           from
           Roul
           ,
           intertained
           ,
           and
           feasted
           the
           chiefest
           men
           amongst
           them
           ,
           urging
           to
           them
           what
           a
           wrong
           it
           was
           to
           him
           ,
           that
           a
           Bastard
           ,
           and
           a
           Child
           should
           be
           preferred
           before
           him
           in
           the
           Dutchy
           ,
           which
           his
           Ancestors
           had
           gotten
           by
           their
           Valour
           ,
           and
           what
           a
           shame
           it
           was
           for
           the
           Normans
           to
           be
           governed
           by
           such
           an
           one
           .
           And
           when
           words
           prevailed
           not
           ,
           he
           brought
           it
           to
           the
           tryal
           of
           the
           Sword
           in
           a
           great
           Battel
           ,
           in
           which
           (
           by
           the
           valour
           of
           
             Roger
             de
             Beaumont
          
           )
           he
           was
           defeated
           and
           himself
           and
           his
           two
           Brethren
           slain
           .
        
         
           Not
           long
           after
           ,
           the
           King
           of
           France
           ,
           (
           violating
           the
           trust
           that
           was
           reposed
           in
           him
           )
           assisted
           in
           Person
           
           William
           Earl
           of
           Arques
           ,
           another
           pretender
           to
           the
           Dutchy
           ,
           descended
           also
           from
           Roul
           ,
           and
           brought
           to
           his
           aid
           a
           mighty
           Army
           ,
           yet
           Count
           Guifford
           ,
           Duke
           William's
           General
           ,
           by
           a
           stratagem
           training
           the
           French
           into
           an
           Ambush
           ,
           overthrew
           them
           ,
           and
           caused
           the
           King
           to
           return
           to
           Paris
           with
           great
           loss
           and
           dishonour
           ,
           and
           forced
           Arques
           to
           seek
           relief
           from
           the
           Earl
           of
           Bologne
           ,
           where
           yet
           he
           found
           little
           favour
           ,
           few
           regarding
           men
           that
           are
           overthrown
           ,
           and
           low
           .
        
         
           This
           storm
           past
           ,
           a
           worse
           succeeds
           .
           There
           lived
           
           with
           Duke
           William
           ,
           a
           young
           Lord
           of
           the
           like
           years
           ,
           called
           Guy
           ,
           descended
           also
           from
           Roul
           ,
           who
           ,
           coming
           to
           be
           sensible
           of
           his
           Interest
           ,
           was
           advised
           by
           some
           stirring
           spirits
           to
           put
           in
           for
           the
           Dutchy
           ,
           which
           (
           they
           said
           )
           was
           his
           right
           ,
           and
           but
           usurped
           by
           the
           Bastard
           .
           And
           to
           promote
           his
           affairs
           there
           fell
           out
           a
           deadly
           feud
           between
           two
           of
           the
           greatest
           Lords
           ,
           Vicount
           Neel
           ,
           and
           the
           Earl
           of
           Bessin
           ,
           whose
           quarrel
           Duke
           William
           either
           did
           not
           ,
           or
           could
           
           not
           pacifie
           ,
           whereupon
           this
           Guy
           ,
           who
           was
           lately
           made
           Earl
           of
           Briorn
           and
           Vernon
           ,
           interposed
           to
           end
           this
           discord
           ;
           and
           by
           the
           advice
           of
           
             Grimolt
             de
             Plessis
          
           ,
           brought
           it
           to
           pass
           that
           both
           these
           great
           men
           turned
           the
           point
           of
           their
           malice
           against
           Duke
           William
           ,
           for
           not
           ending
           the
           difference
           ,
           and
           therefore
           conspired
           with
           Guy
           to
           murther
           him
           at
           unawares
           ;
           which
           also
           they
           had
           effected
           ,
           had
           not
           a
           Fool
           ,
           whom
           they
           suspected
           not
           ,
           noting
           their
           preparations
           ,
           got
           away
           in
           the
           night
           to
           Valogne
           ,
           knocking
           ,
           and
           crying
           at
           the
           Gates
           ,
           till
           he
           was
           admitted
           to
           the
           Dukes
           presence
           (
           who
           was
           now
           about
           seventeen
           
           years
           old
           )
           whom
           he
           willed
           presently
           to
           flee
           or
           he
           would
           be
           murthered
           .
        
         
           The
           Duke
           seeing
           the
           Fool
           so
           affrighted
           ,
           contemns
           not
           the
           information
           ,
           but
           presently
           takes
           Horse
           ,
           and
           all
           alone
           posts
           towards
           Falaise
           ,
           his
           strongest
           place
           .
           By
           the
           way
           his
           Horse
           was
           tired
           ,
           and
           at
           break
           a
           day
           coming
           to
           a
           Village
           called
           Rie
           ,
           
           it
           fell
           out
           that
           a
           Gentlemen
           was
           standing
           at
           his
           door
           ,
           ready
           to
           ride
           abroad
           :
           of
           him
           the
           Duke
           enquired
           the
           next
           way
           to
           Falaise
           ;
           the
           Gentleman
           knowing
           him
           humbly
           craved
           the
           cause
           of
           his
           so
           strange
           and
           untimely
           riding
           alone
           ?
           The
           Duke
           told
           it
           him
           ,
           and
           this
           Gentleman
           ,
           called
           
             Robert
             de
             Rie
          
           ,
           lent
           him
           a
           fresh
           Horse
           ,
           and
           sent
           his
           two
           sons
           with
           him
           to
           conduct
           him
           the
           next
           way
           to
           Falaise
           .
        
         
           No
           sooner
           were
           they
           got
           out
           of
           sight
           ,
           but
           the
           Conspirators
           came
           posting
           after
           ,
           and
           enqured
           of
           the
           same
           Gentleman
           whether
           he
           saw
           the
           Duke
           :
           He
           answered
           ,
           that
           he
           was
           gone
           a
           little
           before
           such
           away
           (
           shewing
           them
           another
           path
           )
           and
           offering
           
           his
           service
           to
           Count
           Bessin
           ,
           rode
           on
           with
           them
           ,
           but
           led
           them
           so
           about
           ,
           that
           the
           Duke
           had
           gotten
           into
           Falaise
           ,
           whereupon
           ,
           being
           disappointed
           ,
           they
           returned
           to
           their
           homes
           ;
           so
           strengthening
           themselves
           that
           the
           Duke
           thought
           fit
           to
           retreat
           into
           Roan
           ,
           
           and
           from
           thence
           to
           the
           King
           of
           France
           to
           crave
           his
           aid
           ,
           putting
           him
           in
           mind
           what
           faithfull
           service
           his
           Father
           had
           done
           for
           him
           :
           That
           he
           was
           his
           Homager
           ;
           under
           his
           Protection
           ;
           and
           that
           he
           had
           no
           other
           sanctuary
           to
           flee
           unto
           for
           succour
           against
           his
           mutinous
           and
           unruly
           Nobility
           .
           And
           he
           was
           so
           importunate
           that
           the
           King
           aided
           him
           in
           Person
           with
           a
           Royal
           Army
           against
           his
           Competitors
           ,
           whom
           they
           met
           in
           the
           Vale
           of
           Dunes
           ,
           as
           ready
           to
           resist
           them
           ,
           with
           as
           great
           a
           power
           and
           resolution
           ,
           as
           the
           other
           were
           to
           assault
           them
           .
        
         
           The
           Battel
           was
           very
           fierce
           and
           bloody
           ,
           wherein
           
           the
           King
           of
           France
           ,
           and
           Duke
           William
           bestirred
           themselves
           lustily
           ;
           yet
           had
           not
           
             Ralfe
             de
             Tesson
          
           been
           false
           to
           his
           fellows
           ,
           to
           recover
           the
           favour
           of
           the
           Duke
           ,
           they
           had
           hardly
           carried
           the
           victory
           .
           After
           this
           ,
           diverse
           of
           the
           Conspirators
           (
           who
           had
           too
           great
           hearts
           to
           submit
           )
           passed
           over
           the
           Alps
           into
           Italy
           ,
           where
           they
           grew
           very
           famous
           for
           their
           Valour
           .
           But
           here
           ended
           not
           the
           Dukes
           troubles
           .
           For
           
             Guy
             de
             Burgagne
          
           escaping
           by
           flight
           ,
           fortified
           the
           Castles
           of
           Briorne
           and
           Verneil
           ;
           yet
           in
           the
           end
           was
           forced
           to
           submit
           both
           them
           ,
           and
           himself
           to
           the
           Dukes
           mercy
           ,
           and
           now
           became
           his
           Pensioner
           ,
           who
           
           before
           was
           his
           Competitor
           .
           This
           gentle
           act
           of
           the
           Dukes
           brought
           in
           many
           others
           to
           yield
           up
           themselves
           ,
           and
           had
           their
           Signiories
           redelivered
           to
           them
           ,
           but
           their
           Castles
           were
           demolished
           .
        
         
         
           Shortly
           after
           ,
           our
           Duke
           was
           called
           into
           action
           
           again
           ,
           by
           
             Geffry
             Martel
          
           Earl
           of
           Anjou
           ,
           who
           usurped
           
             Alanson
             ,
             Damfront
          
           and
           Passais
           ,
           members
           of
           the
           Dutchy
           of
           Normandy
           ,
           to
           recover
           which
           ,
           the
           Duke
           raised
           an
           Army
           ,
           and
           first
           got
           Alanson
           ,
           where
           ,
           because
           he
           was
           opprobriously
           scorned
           by
           them
           ,
           and
           called
           the
           son
           of
           an
           Harlot
           ,
           he
           used
           extream
           cruelty
           .
           Then
           laid
           he
           siege
           to
           Damfront
           ,
           to
           relieve
           which
           ,
           Count
           Martel
           came
           with
           a
           great
           Army
           ;
           and
           our
           Duke
           to
           discover
           his
           strength
           ,
           sent
           
             Roger
             de
             Montgomery
          
           ,
           and
           two
           other
           Knights
           to
           deliver
           this
           message
           to
           the
           Earl
           ,
           
             That
             if
             he
             came
             to
             victual
          
           
           Damfront
           ,
           
             he
             should
             there
             find
             him
             the
             Porter
             to
             keep
             him
             out
             .
          
           Whereunto
           the
           Earl
           answered
           :
           
             Tell
             your
             Duke
             that
             to
             morrow
             at
             break
             a
             day
             he
             shall
             have
             me
             there
             on
             a
             white
             Horse
             ready
             to
             give
             him
             the
             Combate
             ,
             and
             I
             will
             enter
          
           Damfront
           ,
           
             if
             I
             can
             :
             And
             that
             he
             may
             know
             me
             I
             will
             wear
             a
             shield
          
           d'Or
           ,
           
             without
             any
             devise
          
           .
        
         
           Roger
           replyed
           ,
           
             Sir
             ,
             You
             shall
             not
             need
             to
             take
             that
             paines
             :
             for
             to
             morrow
             morning
             you
             shall
             have
             the
             Duke
             in
             this
             place
             ,
             mounted
             on
             a
             bay
             Horse
             :
             and
             that
             you
             may
             know
             him
             he
             shall
             wear
             upon
             the
             point
             of
             his
             Launce
             a
             Streamer
             of
             Taffaty
             to
             wipe
             your
             face
             .
          
           So
           returning
           ,
           each
           side
           prepared
           for
           the
           morning
           .
           But
           the
           Earl
           ,
           busied
           in
           ordering
           his
           Battels
           ,
           was
           informed
           by
           two
           Horsmen
           ,
           that
           came
           crossing
           the
           field
           ,
           that
           Damfront
           was
           for
           certain
           surrendred
           to
           the
           Duke
           ,
           whereupon
           in
           a
           great
           rage
           ,
           he
           presently
           departed
           with
           his
           Army
           :
           part
           whereof
           ,
           as
           they
           passed
           a
           streight
           ,
           were
           cut
           off
           by
           Vicount
           Neel
           ,
           who
           by
           that
           service
           redeemed
           his
           former
           offence
           ,
           and
           was
           restored
           
           to
           the
           Dukes
           favour
           ,
           whom
           ever
           after
           he
           served
           faithfully
           .
        
         
           From
           Damfront
           the
           Duke
           with
           his
           Engines
           
           removed
           to
           Hambrieres
           ,
           a
           Frontier
           Town
           of
           Count
           Martels
           :
           But
           by
           the
           way
           (
           had
           he
           not
           discovered
           it
           himself
           )
           he
           had
           been
           entrapped
           in
           an
           Ambush
           and
           overthrown
           :
           yet
           before
           he
           could
           clear
           himself
           he
           lost
           many
           brave
           men
           ;
           wherewith
           he
           was
           so
           enraged
           ,
           that
           pressing
           into
           the
           midst
           of
           his
           Enemies
           ,
           he
           made
           at
           Count
           Martel
           ,
           strake
           him
           down
           with
           his
           Sword
           ,
           clave
           his
           helmet
           ,
           and
           cut
           off
           an
           eare
           ,
           yet
           he
           escaped
           out
           of
           the
           press
           ,
           though
           diverse
           of
           his
           men
           were
           taken
           ,
           and
           the
           rest
           routed
           .
        
         
           But
           whilst
           he
           was
           thus
           contending
           with
           outward
           Enemies
           ,
           two
           of
           his
           own
           conspired
           against
           him
           ,
           
           
             William
             Guelan
          
           ,
           Earl
           of
           Mortagne
           ,
           and
           William
           Earl
           of
           Eu
           ,
           both
           pretenders
           to
           the
           Dutchy
           of
           Normandy
           :
           But
           the
           first
           ,
           upon
           suspicion
           ,
           the
           second
           upon
           proof
           of
           intention
           ,
           were
           both
           banished
           .
           And
           the
           Earldomes
           of
           Mortagne
           he
           gave
           to
           Robert
           ,
           and
           that
           of
           Eu
           to
           Odo
           ,
           both
           his
           Brethren
           by
           the
           Mothers
           side
           .
           And
           all
           these
           difficulties
           he
           encountred
           withall
           before
           he
           was
           full
           twenty
           two
           years
           old
           .
        
         
           Now
           the
           more
           to
           confirm
           and
           strengthen
           his
           Estate
           against
           future
           practices
           ,
           he
           assembled
           a
           Parlament
           
           of
           his
           Bishops
           ,
           Barons
           ,
           and
           Gentlemen
           ,
           causing
           them
           to
           take
           their
           Oath
           of
           Allegiance
           ,
           and
           to
           raze
           their
           Castles
           .
           After
           which
           he
           married
           Matilda
           ,
           the
           Daughter
           of
           Baldwin
           the
           fifth
           ,
           Earl
           of
           Flanders
           ,
           but
           not
           without
           some
           opposition
           .
           For
           his
           Uncle
           Mauger
           ,
           Archbishop
           of
           Roan
           ,
           excommunicated
           him
           
           for
           marrying
           her
           who
           was
           his
           Cosen
           German
           .
           To
           
           expiate
           which
           offence
           (
           though
           the
           Pope
           dispensed
           with
           it
           )
           he
           was
           enjoyned
           to
           build
           some
           Hospitals
           for
           blind
           People
           :
           and
           two
           Abbyes
           ,
           one
           for
           men
           ,
           and
           the
           other
           for
           women
           ;
           which
           were
           built
           at
           Ca●n
           .
        
         
           These
           his
           successes
           made
           him
           the
           object
           of
           envy
           
           to
           the
           French
           Court
           ,
           who
           incensed
           the
           King
           against
           him
           ,
           to
           abate
           his
           power
           ,
           and
           to
           find
           a
           quarrel
           ▪
           (
           which
           borderers
           easily
           may
           do
           )
           to
           set
           upon
           him
           .
           The
           King
           who
           was
           forward
           enough
           of
           himself
           ,
           to
           make
           his
           cause
           the
           fairer
           ,
           pretends
           to
           correct
           the
           insolencies
           of
           the
           Normans
           committed
           in
           his
           Territories
           ,
           and
           to
           relieve
           Count
           Martel
           ,
           oppressed
           by
           the
           Duke
           .
           He
           alleadged
           also
           ,
           that
           it
           concerned
           him
           in
           honour
           and
           justice
           ,
           to
           have
           that
           Province
           which
           held
           of
           his
           Crown
           ,
           to
           be
           Governed
           by
           a
           Prince
           of
           lawfull
           blood
           ;
           wherefore
           he
           resolved
           utterly
           to
           extirpate
           Duke
           William
           ,
           and
           to
           settle
           a
           legitimate
           Prince
           in
           that
           Dutchy
           .
           For
           which
           end
           ,
           he
           raised
           two
           Armies
           through
           all
           his
           Dominions
           ,
           whereof
           one
           he
           sent
           along
           the
           River
           
           Seine
           ,
           the
           other
           into
           the
           Countrey
           of
           Bessin
           ,
           meaning
           to
           encompass
           him
           .
        
         
           The
           Duke
           hereupon
           divided
           his
           Forces
           also
           into
           two
           parts
           ;
           and
           sent
           the
           one
           under
           his
           Brother
           Odo
           ,
           Earl
           of
           
             Eu
             ,
             Walter
             Guiffard
          
           Earl
           of
           Longevil
           ,
           and
           others
           ,
           into
           the
           Countrey
           of
           Caux
           ,
           Himself
           with
           the
           other
           advanced
           toward
           Eureux
           ,
           to
           oppose
           the
           King
           who
           was
           at
           Mentz
           .
           He
           also
           withdrew
           all
           the
           Cattel
           and
           Provisions
           out
           of
           the
           Countrey
           ,
           into
           Cities
           and
           Fortresses
           .
           The
           Kings
           Army
           marching
           to
           Mortimer
           ,
           and
           finding
           the
           
           Countrey
           to
           abound
           with
           all
           plenty
           ,
           fell
           to
           makeing
           good
           cheer
           ;
           thinking
           that
           Duke
           William
           with
           his
           men
           ,
           was
           yet
           at
           Eureux
           ;
           which
           the
           Army
           of
           Odo
           understanding
           ,
           marched
           all
           night
           ,
           and
           at
           break
           of
           day
           gave
           them
           so
           hot
           an
           Alarm
           ,
           that
           he
           
           put
           them
           all
           into
           a
           rout
           ,
           leaving
           their
           Horses
           and
           Armour
           to
           the
           Normans
           ,
           who
           in
           the
           pursuit
           of
           fourty
           thousand
           left
           not
           a
           fourth
           part
           of
           them
           alive
           .
        
         
           The
           King
           of
           France
           thus
           defeated
           ,
           returned
           home
           with
           disgrace
           ;
           and
           our
           Duke
           with
           the
           price
           of
           the
           Prisoners
           ,
           recovered
           his
           Peace
           ,
           and
           the
           Castle
           of
           Thuilliers
           ,
           which
           had
           been
           taken
           from
           him
           in
           his
           minority
           .
           Cout
           Martel
           though
           much
           discouraged
           with
           the
           Kings
           overthrow
           ,
           yet
           made
           some
           attempts
           for
           the
           recovery
           of
           his
           Towns
           ,
           but
           without
           success
           .
           Wherefore
           the
           next
           spring
           he
           went
           again
           to
           sollicit
           the
           French
           King
           to
           aid
           him
           against
           the
           Duke
           ,
           who
           (
           said
           he
           )
           is
           now
           grown
           insolent
           upon
           the
           victory
           he
           stole
           last
           year
           ,
           so
           that
           there
           is
           no
           living
           by
           him
           .
           Besides
           ,
           he
           suggested
           that
           the
           Normans
           extreamly
           derided
           the
           French
           ,
           and
           had
           a
           base
           esteem
           of
           them
           ,
           making
           their
           last
           overthrow
           the
           subject
           of
           their
           sport
           ,
           and
           Rhimes
           ,
           as
           if
           the
           King
           of
           France
           ,
           upon
           such
           an
           inconsiderable
           loss
           ,
           durst
           not
           break
           a
           dishonourable
           Peace
           .
        
         
           The
           King
           being
           stung
           with
           this
           reproach
           ,
           raised
           a
           mighty
           Army
           ,
           far
           greater
           than
           the
           former
           ,
           wherein
           
           were
           three
           Dukes
           ,
           and
           twelve
           Earls
           ,
           and
           notwithstanding
           the
           solemne
           peace
           made
           ,
           and
           so
           lately
           sworn
           with
           the
           Duke
           ,
           he
           entered
           Normandy
           in
           the
           Harvest
           time
           ,
           spoiling
           all
           before
           him
           along
           
           the
           Countrey
           of
           Bessin
           .
           From
           thence
           he
           passed
           to
           Bayeux
           ,
           and
           Caen
           ,
           purposing
           to
           pass
           the
           River
           Dine
           at
           Verruil
           ,
           and
           to
           destroy
           all
           as
           far
           as
           to
           Roan
           :
           Coming
           thither
           he
           found
           the
           Causeway
           long
           ,
           and
           Bridge
           narrow
           ,
           wherefore
           he
           caused
           his
           Van
           to
           pass
           over
           first
           ,
           and
           to
           secure
           his
           Rere
           ,
           lead
           by
           the
           Duke
           of
           Berry
           ,
           himself
           staid
           behind
           in
           Caen
           ,
           till
           his
           men
           and
           Carriages
           were
           passed
           .
           Duke
           William
           all
           this
           while
           was
           storing
           his
           Fortresses
           with
           men
           and
           victuals
           :
           strengthening
           himself
           and
           Falaise
           ,
           as
           much
           as
           he
           could
           :
           yet
           had
           no
           Army
           in
           the
           Field
           ,
           but
           only
           a
           running
           Camp
           ,
           ready
           to
           take
           all
           advantages
           ;
           and
           so
           lets
           the
           fury
           of
           this
           storm
           spend
           itself
           ,
           till
           being
           informed
           of
           their
           passage
           over
           the
           
           Bridge
           ,
           and
           then
           marching
           all
           night
           with
           ten
           thousand
           men
           ,
           in
           the
           morning
           early
           he
           set
           upon
           the
           Rereward
           ,
           with
           so
           dreadfull
           a
           cry
           ,
           and
           fury
           ,
           that
           such
           as
           were
           upon
           the
           Causeway
           being
           affrighted
           ,
           thrust
           forward
           such
           as
           were
           before
           them
           ,
           hasting
           to
           get
           over
           the
           Bridge
           ,
           which
           ,
           by
           reason
           of
           the
           great
           press
           ,
           brake
           ,
           so
           that
           many
           were
           drowned
           ;
           and
           such
           as
           were
           got
           over
           could
           not
           return
           to
           aid
           the
           rest
           .
           Nor
           the
           King
           (
           by
           reason
           of
           the
           marishes
           on
           both
           sides
           )
           could
           not
           yield
           any
           succor
           to
           his
           people
           ;
           but
           stood
           a
           spectator
           of
           their
           slaughter
           ;
           there
           were
           very
           many
           slain
           ,
           and
           six
           of
           the
           Kings
           Earls
           taken
           Prisoners
           .
        
         
           This
           shameful
           overthrow
           was
           so
           laid
           to
           heart
           by
           
           the
           King
           of
           France
           ,
           that
           he
           died
           shortly
           after
           ,
           and
           the
           Duke
           of
           Normandy
           enjoyed
           peace
           ,
           which
           he
           imployed
           nobly
           in
           ordering
           and
           beautifying
           his
           State
           ;
           building
           and
           endowing
           Churches
           ,
           and
           Monastries
           :
           He
           erected
           also
           a
           Tomb
           for
           himself
           and
           
           his
           wife
           at
           Caen
           ;
           Feasting
           and
           rewarding
           his
           Nobles
           ,
           and
           other
           men
           of
           worth
           ;
           whereby
           he
           so
           engaged
           their
           hearts
           to
           him
           ,
           that
           they
           were
           wholly
           his
           to
           do
           what
           he
           pleased
           .
        
         
           In
           the
           time
           of
           this
           calm
           he
           sailed
           over
           into
           England
           ,
           
           pretending
           a
           visit
           to
           King
           Edward
           ,
           his
           kinsman
           ,
           who
           ,
           because
           he
           had
           been
           protected
           ,
           and
           bred
           in
           Normandy
           by
           Duke
           Richard
           the
           second
           (
           Grandfather
           to
           them
           both
           )
           gave
           him
           most
           Royal
           entertainment
           ▪
           Probably
           he
           came
           to
           see
           ,
           and
           to
           be
           seen
           ,
           to
           make
           way
           for
           his
           future
           designs
           .
           And
           not
           long
           after
           Herald
           ,
           whether
           on
           purpose
           ,
           or
           by
           some
           casualty
           of
           weather
           was
           driven
           into
           France
           ,
           is
           uncertain
           ;
           but
           he
           was
           gallantly
           entertained
           in
           Normandy
           by
           Duke
           William
           ,
           and
           at
           Roan
           something
           was
           concluded
           betwixt
           them
           ;
           whether
           to
           divide
           the
           Kingdom
           of
           England
           between
           them
           ;
           or
           that
           Herald
           ,
           being
           a
           coast-dweller
           ,
           should
           let
           in
           Duke
           William
           after
           the
           decease
           of
           King
           Edward
           the
           Confessour
           ,
           and
           do
           his
           best
           to
           help
           him
           to
           his
           Kingdom
           ,
           is
           uncertain
           ;
           but
           whatever
           it
           was
           ,
           it
           was
           solemnly
           sworn
           to
           upon
           the
           holy
           Evangelists
           ,
           and
           all
           the
           Reliques
           in
           Roan
           .
           And
           for
           more
           assurance
           Herald
           was
           betrothed
           to
           Adeliza
           ,
           the
           Dukes
           Daughter
           ,
           and
           his
           Brother
           Wolnot
           was
           lest
           as
           a
           pledge
           for
           the
           performance
           .
           Sure
           it
           is
           ,
           that
           so
           much
           was
           done
           ,
           either
           by
           our
           King
           Edward
           ,
           who
           by
           Will
           left
           the
           Crown
           to
           him
           ,
           or
           by
           Herald
           ,
           or
           both
           ,
           as
           gave
           him
           ground
           to
           challenge
           the
           Crown
           of
           England
           and
           to
           pursue
           the
           getting
           of
           it
           .
           Though
           indeed
           it
           was
           not
           in
           either
           of
           their
           powers
           to
           prejudice
           our
           State
           ,
           or
           to
           alter
           the
           conse
           of
           a
           right
           succession
           .
        
         
         
           As
           soon
           as
           Duke
           William
           heard
           of
           the
           death
           of
           King
           Edward
           ,
           and
           of
           the
           Election
           and
           Coronation
           of
           Herald
           ,
           he
           assembled
           the
           States
           of
           Normandy
           ,
           and
           acquainted
           them
           with
           the
           right
           he
           had
           to
           England
           ,
           intreating
           their
           utmost
           assistance
           for
           the
           recovery
           of
           it
           ,
           and
           to
           avenge
           him
           on
           the
           perjur'd
           .
           Usurper
           Herald
           ;
           shewing
           them
           what
           a
           strong
           party
           he
           had
           in
           England
           ,
           and
           the
           distractions
           of
           the
           people
           ,
           which
           made
           his
           attempt
           very
           probable
           .
           He
           told
           them
           what
           Glory
           ,
           Wealth
           ,
           and
           greatness
           the
           obtaining
           of
           such
           a
           Kingdom
           would
           add
           to
           them
           .
           Yet
           notwithstanding
           all
           he
           could
           say
           ,
           there
           were
           but
           few
           that
           liked
           of
           this
           attempt
           ,
           and
           they
           which
           did
           ,
           were
           such
           as
           had
           long
           followed
           him
           in
           the
           wars
           ,
           and
           thereby
           had
           exhausted
           their
           estates
           ,
           and
           were
           content
           to
           run
           any
           adventure
           that
           might
           promise
           hope
           of
           advantage
           .
           Of
           the
           rest
           ,
           some
           thought
           it
           best
           to
           hold
           and
           defend
           their
           own
           Countrey
           ,
           without
           adventuring
           to
           conquer
           an
           other
           ▪
           and
           this
           was
           the
           richer
           sort
           :
           Others
           were
           
           willing
           to
           contribute
           ,
           but
           did
           it
           so
           sparingly
           that
           it
           little
           advanced
           the
           design
           ;
           and
           the
           rest
           were
           so
           tyred
           with
           former
           Wars
           ,
           and
           so
           willing
           to
           enjoy
           the
           blessing
           of
           Peace
           ,
           that
           they
           were
           unwilling
           to
           forgoe
           a
           certain
           ,
           for
           an
           uncertain
           good
           .
        
         
           The
           Duke
           meeting
           with
           these
           discouragements
           ,
           
           was
           much
           perplexed
           ,
           which
           made
           him
           to
           deal
           more
           particularly
           with
           his
           best
           Friends
           ,
           whom
           he
           knew
           to
           affect
           Honour
           ,
           and
           that
           they
           would
           adventure
           their
           whole
           estates
           with
           him
           .
           These
           were
           
             William
             Fitz-Auber
          
           ,
           Earl
           of
           
             Brettevil
             ;
             Gualter
             Guifford
          
           ,
           Earl
           of
           
             Longevil
             ;
             Roger
          
           ,
           Lord
           
             de
             Beaumont
          
           ,
           &c.
           especially
           his
           own
           brothers
           ▪
           Odo
           ,
           Bishop
           of
           Bayeux
           ,
           
           and
           Robert
           Earl
           of
           Mortagne
           .
           These
           he
           procured
           in
           a
           full
           Assembly
           to
           make
           their
           offers
           ,
           which
           they
           did
           so
           liberally
           (
           
             Fitz
             ▪
             Auber
          
           promising
           to
           furnish
           fourty
           ships
           with
           men
           and
           Amunition
           ,
           the
           Bishop
           of
           Bayeux
           fourty
           ,
           the
           Bishop
           of
           Mentz
           thirty
           ,
           &c.
           )
           that
           the
           rest
           of
           the
           assembly
           doubting
           ,
           that
           if
           without
           their
           help
           the
           Duke
           should
           carry
           on
           his
           design
           ,
           he
           would
           not
           forget
           their
           backwardness
           ,
           they
           came
           off
           more
           liberally
           .
        
         
           The
           Duke
           finding
           them
           yielding
           ,
           yet
           not
           so
           forward
           as
           was
           requisite
           for
           such
           an
           undertaking
           ,
           dealt
           with
           the
           Bishops
           and
           great
           men
           apart
           ,
           getting
           that
           of
           them
           severally
           ,
           which
           of
           all
           together
           he
           could
           not
           attain
           ,
           and
           causing
           every
           mans
           contribution
           to
           be
           recorded
           ,
           kindled
           such
           an
           emulation
           amongst
           them
           ,
           that
           they
           which
           before
           would
           do
           nothing
           now
           strove
           who
           should
           do
           most
           .
           By
           his
           fair
           perswasions
           also
           he
           drew
           in
           most
           of
           the
           Princes
           and
           Nobles
           of
           France
           ,
           to
           adventure
           their
           Persons
           ,
           and
           much
           of
           their
           estates
           with
           him
           .
           As
           
             Robert
             Fitz
             Harvay
          
           ,
           Duke
           of
           Orleance
           ,
           the
           Earls
           of
           
             Britaine
             ,
             Ponthieu
             ,
             Bulloigne
             .
             ,
             Poyctou
             ,
             Maine
             ,
             Nevers
             ,
             Hiesms
             ,
             ●umarl
             ,
          
           Signior
           
             de
             Tours
          
           ,
           yea
           and
           Martel
           his
           enemy
           ,
           Earl
           of
           Anjou
           .
           Indeed
           it
           was
           strange
           that
           these
           great
           men
           of
           France
           ,
           should
           adventure
           their
           lives
           and
           Fortunes
           to
           add
           England
           to
           Normandy
           ,
           and
           so
           great
           a
           Crown
           to
           a
           Duke
           who
           was
           too
           great
           for
           them
           already
           .
           But
           where
           God
           hath
           determined
           alterations
           in
           Kingdoms
           and
           States
           all
           things
           shall
           concurr
           to
           promote
           the
           same
           .
        
         
           The
           King
           of
           France
           who
           should
           have
           most
           opposed
           was
           now
           a
           Child
           ,
           and
           under
           the
           Tutorship
           of
           Baldwin
           Earl
           of
           Flanders
           Duke
           William's
           Father
           in
           
           Law
           ,
           and
           therefore
           from
           thence
           he
           was
           sure
           of
           furtherance
           ,
           rather
           than
           hinderance
           .
           And
           to
           delude
           the
           young
           King
           he
           promised
           faithfully
           ,
           if
           he
           conquered
           England
           ,
           to
           hold
           it
           of
           the
           Crown
           of
           France
           ,
           as
           he
           did
           his
           Dutchy
           of
           Normandy
           .
           And
           to
           
           make
           the
           Pope
           his
           friend
           ,
           he
           promised
           him
           to
           hold
           it
           of
           the
           
             Apostolick
             See
          
           :
           Whereupon
           the
           Pope
           sent
           him
           a
           consecrated
           Banner
           ,
           an
           
             Agnus
             Dei
          
           ,
           and
           one
           of
           Saint
           Peter's
           haires
           .
           The
           Emperour
           also
           sent
           him
           some
           Forces
           under
           the
           command
           of
           one
           of
           the
           Princes
           of
           the
           Empire
           .
           And
           being
           thus
           encouraged
           and
           furnished
           ,
           within
           eight
           months
           he
           was
           ready
           with
           a
           powerful
           Army
           ,
           at
           Saint
           Valery
           in
           Normandy
           ,
           to
           transport
           himself
           into
           England
           in
           896
           Ships
           .
        
         
           But
           now
           let
           us
           see
           how
           affairs
           stood
           in
           England
           :
           
           King
           Edward
           the
           Confessor
           ,
           being
           himself
           without
           issue
           ,
           had
           in
           his
           lifetime
           sent
           into
           Hungary
           for
           his
           Nephew
           Edward
           ,
           called
           the
           Outlaw
           ,
           the
           Son
           of
           
             Edmund
             Ironside
          
           ,
           intending
           to
           make
           him
           his
           Successour
           to
           the
           Crown
           ;
           but
           he
           dying
           soon
           after
           his
           arrival
           in
           England
           ,
           King
           Edward
           then
           gave
           his
           Son
           Edgar
           the
           name
           of
           Etheling
           ,
           or
           
             Prince
             Edgar
          
           ,
           meaning
           to
           design
           him
           for
           his
           successour
           ;
           but
           was
           prevented
           by
           death
           before
           he
           had
           fully
           established
           him
           ;
           and
           
             Edgar
             Etheling
          
           ,
           though
           he
           had
           right
           ,
           yet
           being
           young
           ,
           and
           a
           stranger
           here
           ,
           and
           so
           wanting
           power
           to
           make
           good
           his
           right
           ,
           Herald
           ,
           the
           Son
           of
           
           Earl
           Godwin
           ,
           stept
           into
           the
           Throne
           ,
           and
           though
           hereby
           (
           violating
           of
           holy
           Rights
           )
           he
           offended
           the
           Clergy
           ,
           yet
           not
           any
           ,
           either
           of
           the
           Clergy
           ,
           or
           Laity
           durst
           oppose
           him
           ;
           as
           being
           the
           most
           Martiall
           man
           in
           the
           Kingdom
           ,
           and
           such
           an
           one
           as
           the
           
           state
           of
           the
           Realm
           then
           stood
           in
           need
           of
           .
           And
           besides
           his
           own
           worth
           he
           had
           the
           assistance
           of
           Edwin
           ,
           and
           Marchar
           ,
           the
           two
           great
           Earls
           of
           Yorkshire
           ,
           and
           Chester
           .
        
         
           Indeed
           King
           Edward
           had
           appointed
           the
           Crown
           sometimes
           to
           William
           Duke
           of
           Normandy
           ,
           sometimes
           to
           
             Edgar
             Etheling
          
           ,
           and
           sometimes
           to
           this
           Herald
           ,
           who
           was
           now
           Crowned
           by
           Aldred
           ,
           Archbishop
           of
           York
           :
           And
           being
           possessed
           of
           the
           Throne
           ,
           he
           was
           able
           to
           make
           good
           his
           Title
           :
           yet
           to
           make
           Prince
           Edgar
           some
           part
           of
           amends
           he
           created
           him
           Earl
           of
           
           Oxford
           .
           And
           Herald
           being
           thus
           setled
           ,
           carried
           himself
           with
           great
           valour
           ,
           and
           Justice
           for
           the
           time
           he
           enjoyed
           it
           ,
           which
           was
           but
           nine
           months
           .
           He
           made
           all
           provisions
           for
           defence
           that
           a
           politick
           and
           active
           Prince
           could
           do
           .
        
         
           The
           first
           man
           that
           begun
           to
           disturb
           his
           new
           Government
           was
           his
           younger
           Brother
           Toustaine
           ,
           who
           in
           King
           Edward's
           Reign
           being
           made
           Governour
           of
           Northumberland
           ,
           for
           his
           pride
           and
           barbarous
           cruelty
           ,
           was
           banished
           the
           Kingdom
           ;
           
           and
           now
           by
           reason
           of
           his
           former
           hatred
           against
           his
           Brother
           ,
           was
           easily
           set
           on
           by
           the
           Duke
           of
           Normandy
           ,
           and
           Baldwin
           Earl
           of
           Flanders
           ,
           (
           who
           had
           married
           his
           two
           Daughters
           to
           Duke
           William
           ,
           and
           Toustaine
           ,
           )
           to
           assail
           Herald
           .
           He
           first
           assailed
           the
           Isle
           of
           Wight
           ,
           and
           then
           set
           upon
           the
           coast
           of
           Kent
           ,
           from
           whence
           he
           was
           chased
           by
           Herald
           ,
           and
           forced
           to
           withdraw
           into
           the
           North
           ,
           where
           seeking
           to
           land
           ,
           he
           was
           thence
           repulsed
           by
           the
           Earls
           Marchar
           ,
           and
           Edwin
           ,
           (
           whose
           Sister
           Herald
           had
           married
           .
           )
           Then
           he
           craved
           aid
           of
           the
           Scots
           ;
           and
           afterwards
           of
           
             Harald
             Harfager
          
           ,
           King
           of
           Norwey
           ,
           who
           
           was
           excercising
           Piracy
           about
           the
           Orchades
           ;
           with
           him
           he
           prevailed
           ,
           and
           so
           uniting
           their
           Forces
           ,
           they
           landed
           about
           Tinmouth
           ,
           and
           from
           thence
           marched
           into
           the
           heart
           of
           the
           kingdom
           .
           But
           near
           Stamford
           King
           Herald
           of
           England
           met
           them
           with
           a
           strong
           
           Army
           ,
           and
           after
           a
           long
           and
           cruel
           fight
           ,
           ended
           the
           day
           with
           victory
           ,
           and
           the
           death
           both
           of
           Toustaine
           ,
           and
           the
           King
           of
           Norway
           .
        
         
           No
           sooner
           was
           this
           Battel
           over
           ,
           but
           with
           his
           wearied
           and
           broken
           Forces
           he
           was
           called
           to
           a
           
           more
           fatal
           business
           in
           the
           South
           .
           For
           now
           Duke
           William
           of
           Normandy
           pretending
           a
           right
           to
           the
           English
           Crown
           ,
           by
           the
           Testament
           of
           the
           late
           King
           Edward
           his
           kinsman
           ,
           upon
           the
           advantage
           of
           King
           Herald's
           being
           so
           far
           off
           with
           his
           Army
           ,
           landed
           at
           Pemsey
           ,
           near
           to
           Hastings
           in
           Sussex
           ;
           and
           Herald
           being
           informed
           of
           it
           ,
           gathering
           together
           his
           broken
           Forces
           ,
           increasing
           them
           as
           much
           as
           he
           could
           by
           the
           way
           ,
           with
           all
           possible
           speed
           he
           hasted
           to
           give
           the
           Duke
           Battel
           .
        
         
           Duke
           William
           as
           soon
           as
           he
           had
           landed
           his
           men
           ,
           
           sent
           his
           ships
           away
           ,
           that
           so
           they
           might
           think
           of
           nothing
           but
           either
           Victory
           or
           Death
           .
           Then
           going
           himself
           on
           land
           his
           foot
           slipt
           ,
           and
           he
           fell
           down
           ,
           which
           some
           of
           his
           company
           took
           for
           an
           ill
           signe
           ;
           No
           (
           said
           he
           )
           
             I
             have
             by
             this
             taken
             possession
             of
             this
             Land.
          
           Many
           attempts
           were
           made
           to
           compound
           the
           difference
           between
           Herald
           ,
           and
           William
           ,
           but
           Herald
           would
           hearken
           to
           none
           ,
           presuming
           of
           success
           ,
           and
           judging
           it
           a
           disgrace
           to
           capitulate
           for
           that
           which
           was
           his
           own
           .
           And
           when
           one
           of
           his
           Brothers
           called
           Gyrth
           intreated
           him
           to
           consider
           what
           a
           fearful
           thing
           it
           was
           to
           break
           an
           Oath
           ,
           
           which
           he
           had
           so
           solemnly
           sworn
           .
           Herald
           judged
           ,
           that
           nothing
           which
           he
           had
           done
           being
           a
           private
           man
           could
           be
           of
           force
           to
           him
           ,
           being
           now
           a
           Prince
           .
        
         
           
             Anno
             Christi
          
           ,
           1066.
           
           October
           the
           fourteenth
           (
           being
           also
           Herald's
           Birthday
           )
           and
           his
           Soldiers
           (
           thinking
           
           to
           honour
           him
           thereby
           )
           having
           spent
           the
           night
           in
           revelling
           and
           drinking
           (
           whereas
           the
           Dukes
           men
           spent
           it
           in
           quietness
           and
           devotion
           )
           they
           joyned
           Battel
           ,
           the
           Kentish
           men
           being
           placed
           in
           the
           Front
           (
           as
           by
           antient
           custom
           was
           their
           due
           )
           and
           King
           Herald
           with
           his
           Londoners
           ,
           leading
           the
           main
           Battel
           :
           where
           though
           the
           number
           of
           their
           Armies
           was
           not
           much
           unequall
           (
           each
           of
           them
           having
           above
           sixty
           thousand
           men
           )
           yet
           was
           there
           great
           odds
           in
           the
           expertness
           of
           the
           Souldiers
           ,
           and
           more
           in
           their
           weapons
           .
           For
           the
           Duke
           had
           with
           him
           all
           the
           flower
           of
           France
           ,
           and
           Flanders
           ,
           whereas
           King
           Herald
           had
           lost
           his
           best
           men
           in
           the
           late
           fight
           ,
           and
           for
           weapons
           ,
           the
           Normans
           had
           long
           Bowes
           ,
           which
           then
           were
           not
           in
           use
           among
           the
           English
           ,
           it
           's
           no
           marvel
           then
           though
           the
           Normans
           got
           the
           Victory
           .
           And
           though
           Herald
           lost
           his
           life
           ,
           yet
           he
           lost
           not
           his
           
           credit
           :
           and
           the
           English
           shewed
           no
           less
           valour
           though
           they
           were
           Conquered
           ,
           than
           the
           other
           did
           in
           Conquering
           .
           For
           King
           Herald
           (
           like
           an
           expert
           General
           )
           had
           ordered
           his
           men
           in
           so
           firme
           a
           Body
           ,
           that
           no
           power
           of
           the
           Normans
           could
           disorder
           their
           ranks
           ,
           till
           Duke
           Wìlliam
           used
           this
           Stratagem
           :
           He
           made
           his
           men
           to
           retire
           ,
           and
           to
           counterfeit
           flight
           ,
           by
           which
           meanes
           he
           drew
           the
           English
           on
           upon
           an
           hollow
           ground
           covered
           over
           with
           earth
           ,
           wherein
           many
           of
           them
           fell
           and
           perished
           ,
           as
           also
           into
           an
           
           Ambush
           of
           his
           Horsemen
           ,
           which
           unexpectedly
           fell
           upon
           them
           and
           cut
           them
           in
           peices
           ,
        
         
           Indeed
           Duke
           William
           fought
           that
           day
           so
           valiantly
           that
           he
           had
           three
           Horses
           slain
           under
           him
           :
           But
           King
           Herald
           shewed
           no
           less
           valour
           in
           killing
           many
           of
           the
           Normans
           with
           his
           own
           hands
           .
           Insomuch
           as
           the
           fight
           continued
           doubtfull
           for
           a
           long
           time
           ,
           till
           at
           last
           King
           Herald
           being
           struck
           into
           the
           braines
           with
           an
           Arrow
           ,
           fell
           down
           dead
           ,
           upon
           
           whose
           fall
           a
           base
           Norman
           ,
           cut
           off
           one
           of
           his
           thighs
           ,
           for
           which
           Duke
           William
           was
           so
           offended
           ,
           that
           he
           disarmed
           the
           Souldier
           ,
           and
           cashier'd
           him
           .
           Thyra
           King
           Herald's
           Mother
           ,
           proffered
           a
           great
           some
           of
           money
           for
           his
           Body
           ,
           which
           the
           Duke
           nobly
           refused
           and
           gave
           it
           her
           freely
           ,
           who
           buried
           it
           in
           Walltham
           Abby
           .
           And
           no
           marvel
           if
           the
           English
           had
           such
           ill
           success
           .
           For
           the
           People
           being
           secure
           from
           their
           former
           enemies
           the
           Danes
           (
           which
           peace
           had
           continued
           now
           about
           the
           space
           of
           fifty
           years
           )
           had
           discontinued
           the
           use
           of
           Armes
           ,
           and
           were
           generally
           
           debauched
           with
           Luxury
           and
           idleness
           .
           The
           Clergy
           was
           grown
           licentious
           ,
           and
           well
           content
           with
           little
           Learning
           .
           The
           Nobility
           given
           to
           Gluttony
           ,
           Venery
           ,
           and
           oppression
           :
           the
           common
           sort
           to
           drunkenness
           and
           all
           disorder
           .
        
         
           Duke
           William
           ,
           as
           his
           Valour
           won
           him
           the
           Victory
           ,
           
           so
           his
           Victory
           won
           him
           a
           Crown
           ;
           and
           suddenly
           of
           an
           old
           Duke
           he
           became
           a
           young
           King.
           Wherefore
           having
           returned
           publick
           thanks
           to
           God
           for
           his
           good
           success
           in
           the
           place
           ,
           which
           he
           called
           
             Battel
             field
          
           ,
           near
           Hastings
           in
           Surrey
           ,
           he
           led
           his
           Army
           towards
           London
           ,
           yet
           not
           the
           direct
           way
           for
           fear
           of
           an
           other
           encounter
           ,
           but
           thorow
           Kent
           ,
           
           
             Sussex
             ,
             Surry
             ,
             Hampshire
          
           ,
           and
           
             Bark
             shire
          
           ,
           and
           so
           
           coming
           to
           Wallingford
           ,
           he
           there
           crossed
           the
           Thames
           ,
           and
           passed
           through
           the
           Counties
           of
           
             Oxford
             ,
             Bucks
          
           ,
           and
           Hertford
           :
           And
           whilst
           he
           staid
           at
           
             Barkamsted
             ,
             Aldred
          
           Archbishop
           of
           
             York
             ,
             Woolstan
          
           Bishop
           of
           
             Worcester
             ,
             Walter
          
           Bishop
           of
           Hereford
           ,
           with
           the
           Earls
           
           Edwin
           ,
           and
           Morchar
           ,
           the
           greatest
           men
           in
           the
           Kingdome
           ,
           yea
           and
           
             Edgar
             Etheling
          
           himself
           ,
           came
           and
           yielded
           their
           Allegiance
           to
           him
           ,
           the
           Pope
           having
           cursed
           all
           such
           as
           would
           not
           accept
           of
           him
           .
        
         
           From
           hence
           as
           William
           passed
           towards
           London
           ,
           he
           found
           his
           way
           stopt
           up
           with
           multitudes
           of
           great
           Trees
           ,
           which
           by
           Frederick
           Abbot
           of
           Saint
           Albans
           ,
           a
           man
           of
           Noble
           blood
           ,
           were
           caused
           to
           be
           felled
           to
           secure
           his
           Monastery
           from
           being
           spoiled
           by
           the
           Normans
           ;
           whereat
           William
           both
           wondering
           and
           
           fret
           ting
           ,
           sent
           for
           the
           Abbot
           under
           assurance
           of
           his
           safe
           return
           ,
           and
           asked
           him
           why
           he
           did
           it
           ?
           Frederick
           stoutly
           replied
           :
           
             I
             have
             done
             the
             Duty
             both
             of
             my
             Birth
             and
             Profession
             ,
             and
             if
             others
             of
             my
             rank
             had
             done
             the
             like
             (
             as
             they
             might
             ,
             and
             ought
             to
             have
             done
             )
             it
             had
             not
             been
             in
             thy
             power
             to
             have
             pierced
             the
             Land
             so
             far
             .
          
        
         
           From
           hence
           William
           marched
           to
           London
           ,
           where
           the
           Gates
           were
           set
           open
           ,
           and
           the
           Bishops
           ,
           Lords
           ,
           and
           People
           entertained
           him
           with
           great
           signes
           of
           joy
           ,
           though
           with
           small
           gladness
           ;
           and
           though
           he
           had
           not
           
           their
           hearts
           ,
           yet
           he
           had
           their
           knees
           ;
           for
           in
           most
           humble
           manner
           they
           accepted
           of
           him
           for
           their
           Sovereign
           ,
           and
           upon
           Christ-mass
           day
           after
           ,
           he
           was
           Crowned
           at
           Westminster
           by
           Aldred
           ,
           Archbishop
           of
           York
           :
           For
           that
           Stigand
           ,
           Archbishop
           of
           Canterbury
           ,
           
           was
           not
           held
           Canonically
           invested
           in
           his
           See.
           
        
         
           Here
           ,
           according
           to
           the
           accustomed
           form
           ,
           the
           Bishops
           and
           Nobles
           took
           their
           oaths
           to
           be
           his
           true
           and
           faithful
           subjects
           :
           and
           he
           (
           being
           required
           by
           the
           Archbishop
           of
           York
           )
           takes
           his
           Oath
           before
           the
           Altar
           of
           Saint
           Peter
           ,
           to
           defend
           the
           Right
           of
           the
           Church
           ,
           to
           establish
           good
           Laws
           ,
           and
           to
           see
           Justice
           uprightly
           and
           impartially
           administred
           as
           became
           a
           
           good
           King.
           Nor
           did
           he
           ever
           claim
           any
           power
           by
           Conquest
           ,
           but
           as
           a
           Regular
           Prince
           ,
           submitted
           himself
           to
           the
           orders
           and
           customs
           of
           the
           Kingdom
           ,
           desiring
           rather
           to
           hold
           the
           Scepter
           by
           his
           Testamentary
           Title
           than
           to
           claim
           it
           by
           the
           sword
           .
           So
           that
           though
           the
           name
           of
           Conquerour
           ,
           by
           the
           flattery
           of
           the
           times
           ,
           was
           given
           to
           him
           ;
           yet
           he
           shewed
           by
           all
           the
           course
           of
           his
           Government
           that
           he
           assumed
           it
           not
           .
        
         
           Being
           thus
           setled
           ,
           he
           chose
           for
           his
           Counsel
           such
           
           men
           as
           he
           knew
           to
           be
           of
           greatest
           Wisdom
           ,
           and
           experience
           ;
           then
           he
           applied
           his
           thoughts
           to
           secure
           his
           new-gotten
           Empire
           .
           For
           which
           end
           he
           fortified
           such
           places
           as
           lay
           open
           to
           danger
           ;
           placed
           strong
           Garrisons
           upon
           the
           Coasts
           ;
           and
           provided
           Ships
           to
           ride
           in
           those
           Harbors
           which
           lay
           most
           open
           to
           Invasions
           .
           he
           marched
           also
           towards
           Dover
           ,
           (
           the
           Lock
           and
           Key
           of
           the
           Kingdom
           )
           to
           secure
           that
           place
           ,
           and
           to
           overaw
           that
           Kentish
           ,
           a
           most
           strong
           and
           populous
           Province
           .
        
         
           But
           when
           Stigand
           ,
           the
           Archbishop
           of
           Canterbury
           ,
           
           and
           Eglesigne
           ,
           the
           Abbot
           of
           Saint
           Austins
           (
           who
           were
           the
           cheifest
           Lords
           and
           Governours
           of
           Kent
           )
           heard
           of
           it
           ,
           they
           assembled
           the
           Commons
           at
           Canterbury
           ,
           
           laying
           before
           them
           the
           dangers
           of
           their
           Province
           ,
           the
           miseries
           of
           their
           Neighbours
           ,
           the
           Pride
           of
           the
           Normans
           ,
           and
           the
           wrongs
           of
           the
           Church
           .
           All
           which
           (
           say
           they
           )
           are
           too
           apparent
           .
           The
           English
           till
           now
           were
           ever
           free
           ,
           and
           the
           name
           of
           Bondmen
           not
           heard
           among
           them
           .
           But
           now
           servitude
           attends
           us
           ,
           if
           we
           yield
           to
           the
           pride
           of
           this
           insulting
           enemy
           ;
           to
           withstand
           which
           ,
           we
           are
           ready
           to
           adventure
           our
           lives
           with
           you
           .
           This
           resolution
           drew
           the
           people
           willingly
           to
           joyn
           with
           them
           ,
           who
           appointed
           to
           meet
           at
           a
           Bay
           at
           Swanscomb
           ,
           within
           two
           miles
           of
           
             Graves
             end
          
           .
        
         
           Accordingly
           there
           they
           met
           at
           the
           day
           ,
           and
           kept
           themselves
           secret
           in
           the
           woods
           ,
           waiting
           the
           coming
           of
           the
           Conquerour
           ,
           agreeing
           to
           carry
           before
           them
           great
           branches
           of
           Trees
           ,
           whereby
           they
           might
           conceal
           themselves
           ,
           and
           if
           need
           were
           ,
           impede
           the
           march
           of
           the
           Normans
           .
           Which
           device
           daunted
           King
           William
           at
           his
           approach
           ,
           who
           judging
           himself
           secure
           ,
           was
           thus
           before
           he
           was
           aware
           ,
           suddenly
           beset
           on
           every
           side
           with
           enemies
           .
           For
           now
           the
           Kentish
           men
           ,
           having
           environed
           his
           Army
           round
           ,
           threw
           down
           their
           Boughs
           ,
           and
           with
           bent
           Bowes
           prepared
           for
           Battel
           :
           So
           that
           he
           which
           even
           now
           thought
           himself
           secure
           of
           the
           Kingdom
           ,
           began
           to
           dispair
           of
           his
           Life
           ,
           in
           which
           amazement
           ,
           Stigand
           ,
           and
           Eglesine
           pesented
           themselves
           before
           him
           ,
           and
           said
           ,
        
         
           
             Most
             Noble
             Duke
             ,
             behold
             here
             the
             Commons
             of
          
           Kent
           
             are
             come
             forth
             to
             meet
             and
             receive
             you
             as
             their
             Sovereigne
             ,
             requiring
             your
             Peace
             ,
             and
             their
             own
             Freedom
             ,
             and
             the
             enjoyment
             of
             their
             ancient
             Lawes
             .
             If
             these
             be
             denied
             they
             are
             resolved
             to
             submit
             their
          
           
           
             tryall
             to
             a
             Battel
             ,
             fully
             purposing
             rather
             to
             dye
             than
             lose
             their
             Laws
             ,
             and
             Liberties
             ,
             and
             so
             to
             live
             servilely
             in
             Bondage
             ,
             which
             Name
             ,
             and
             Nature
             is
             ,
             and
             ever
             shall
             be
             strange
             unto
             us
             ,
             and
             not
             to
             be
             endured
             .
          
        
         
           William
           being
           brought
           into
           this
           strait
           ,
           and
           loath
           to
           hazard
           all
           upon
           so
           nice
           a
           point
           ,
           more
           warily
           than
           willingly
           granted
           their
           desires
           ,
           and
           Pledges
           being
           given
           on
           both
           sides
           for
           performance
           ,
           Kent
           yielded
           to
           him
           her
           Earldom
           ,
           and
           Dover
           her
           Castle
           .
        
         
           When
           King
           William
           had
           established
           all
           things
           for
           Englands
           security
           ,
           he
           committed
           the
           Government
           of
           it
           to
           Odo
           ,
           Bishop
           of
           Bayeux
           ,
           his
           brother
           by
           the
           Mothers
           side
           ,
           and
           to
           his
           Cousin
           *
           Fitz-Auber
           ,
           whom
           he
           made
           Earl
           of
           Hereford
           ,
           and
           in
           the
           Lent
           following
           
           sailed
           into
           Normandy
           ,
           taking
           with
           him
           all
           the
           chief
           men
           of
           England
           ,
           who
           were
           likeliest
           to
           make
           a
           party
           against
           him
           in
           his
           absence
           .
           As
           
             Edgar
             Etheling
             ,
             Stigand
          
           Archbishop
           of
           Canterbury
           ,
           the
           two
           great
           Earls
           Edwin
           ,
           and
           
             Morchar
             ,
             Frederick
          
           Abbot
           of
           Saint
           
             Albanes
             ,
             Agelnothus
          
           Abbot
           of
           
             Glastenbury
             ,
             Walteof
          
           Earl
           of
           
             Northumberland
             ;
             Roger
          
           Earl
           of
           
             Hertford
             ,
             Rainulph
          
           Earl
           of
           
             Cambridge
             ,
             Gospatrick
          
           Earl
           of
           Cumberland
           ,
           &c.
           
           And
           in
           his
           absence
           ,
           which
           was
           all
           the
           Summer
           ,
           nothing
           was
           here
           attempted
           against
           him
           ,
           save
           that
           Edrick
           ,
           surnamed
           the
           Forester
           in
           the
           County
           of
           Hereford
           ,
           calling
           in
           the
           Welch
           to
           his
           assistance
           ,
           forraged
           the
           remoter
           borders
           of
           that
           County
           .
           The
           rest
           of
           the
           Kingdom
           was
           quiet
           ,
           expecting
           what
           would
           become
           of
           this
           new
           World
           ,
           wherein
           as
           yet
           they
           found
           no
           great
           alteration
           ,
           their
           Laws
           and
           Liberties
           remaining
           the
           same
           they
           
           were
           ,
           and
           they
           might
           hope
           that
           by
           this
           accession
           of
           a
           new
           Province
           ,
           England
           would
           have
           her
           Dominion
           enlarged
           abroad
           ,
           and
           her
           profit
           not
           impaired
           at
           home
           .
        
         
           King
           William
           having
           disposed
           his
           affairs
           in
           Normandy
           ,
           
           towards
           Winter
           returned
           into
           England
           ,
           where
           he
           had
           three
           sorts
           of
           men
           to
           satisfie
           ,
           1.
           
           Such
           as
           had
           adventured
           their
           Lives
           and
           estates
           with
           him
           ,
           2.
           
           Those
           of
           his
           own
           Countrey
           ,
           whose
           merits
           ,
           and
           propinquity
           looked
           for
           recompence
           ,
           whereof
           the
           number
           was
           very
           great
           ,
           3.
           
           The
           people
           of
           England
           ,
           by
           whom
           he
           must
           now
           subsist
           ,
           wherein
           he
           had
           more
           to
           doe
           than
           in
           his
           Battel
           at
           Hastings
           ,
           seeing
           that
           all
           rewards
           with
           money
           must
           be
           raised
           out
           of
           the
           stock
           of
           the
           Kingdom
           ,
           which
           must
           needs
           be
           distastfull
           to
           the
           State
           in
           general
           ;
           and
           if
           he
           preferred
           any
           of
           his
           to
           dignities
           by
           displacing
           others
           ,
           it
           must
           needs
           bring
           very
           feeling
           grievances
           to
           the
           persons
           displaced
           .
           But
           he
           thrust
           no
           great
           men
           out
           of
           their
           room
           ,
           but
           such
           as
           put
           themselves
           out
           by
           revolting
           after
           they
           had
           given
           their
           Fealty
           to
           him
           .
           So
           that
           it
           seems
           he
           contented
           himself
           ,
           and
           his
           for
           the
           present
           ,
           only
           with
           what
           he
           found
           ready
           ,
           filling
           up
           their
           places
           who
           were
           slain
           in
           the
           Battel
           ,
           or
           fled
           away
           ,
           as
           many
           were
           with
           Herald's
           Sons
           ,
           out
           of
           the
           Kingdom
           .
        
         
           Such
           of
           desert
           as
           he
           could
           not
           presently
           prefer
           ,
           he
           sent
           abroad
           into
           the
           Abbeys
           ,
           there
           to
           live
           till
           places
           fell
           void
           for
           them
           ,
           whereof
           twenty
           four
           he
           sent
           to
           the
           Abbey
           of
           Ely
           ,
           by
           which
           policy
           he
           not
           only
           lessened
           his
           Suitors
           at
           Court
           ,
           and
           eased
           the
           
           eye
           sore
           of
           the
           English
           ,
           but
           had
           a
           watch
           over
           the
           Clergy
           ,
           who
           were
           then
           of
           the
           greatest
           power
           in
           
           the
           Kingdom
           ,
           and
           might
           prevail
           much
           with
           the
           people
           .
        
         
           But
           the
           English
           Nobility
           thinking
           that
           their
           splendor
           was
           darkned
           by
           the
           interposition
           of
           so
           many
           strangers
           ,
           and
           fearing
           that
           yet
           it
           would
           be
           
           further
           eclypsed
           ,
           Conspired
           together
           ,
           and
           fled
           ,
           some
           into
           Scotland
           ,
           and
           others
           into
           Denmark
           ,
           to
           try
           if
           by
           forraign
           aid
           they
           could
           recover
           themselves
           .
           Amongst
           whom
           ,
           
             Edgar
             Etheling
          
           ,
           with
           his
           Mother
           and
           two
           Sisters
           ,
           intending
           for
           Hungary
           ,
           where
           he
           was
           born
           ,
           was
           driven
           into
           Scotland
           ,
           where
           he
           was
           kindly
           entertained
           by
           *
           Malcolin
           the
           third
           ,
           whose
           former
           sufferings
           in
           exile
           had
           taught
           him
           to
           pity
           others
           in
           the
           like
           distress
           :
           and
           whom
           also
           it
           concerned
           to
           look
           to
           his
           own
           ,
           now
           his
           neighbours
           House
           was
           on
           fire
           .
           This
           induced
           him
           also
           to
           make
           a
           League
           with
           Edgar
           ,
           and
           to
           tie
           it
           the
           stronger
           ,
           he
           took
           to
           wife
           Margret
           ,
           the
           sister
           of
           Edgar
           (
           a
           very
           virtuous
           Lady
           )
           by
           whom
           the
           blood
           of
           our
           antient
           Kings
           was
           preserved
           and
           conjoyned
           with
           the
           Normans
           in
           King
           Henry
           ,
           the
           second
           ,
           and
           so
           became
           English
           again
           .
        
         
           Edgar
           being
           thus
           in
           Scotland
           ,
           there
           repared
           to
           him
           the
           Earls
           Edwin
           ,
           and
           
             Morchar
             ,
             Hereward
             ,
             Gospatrice
             ,
             Siward
          
           and
           others
           ,
           and
           shortly
           after
           Stigand
           and
           Aldrid
           the
           two
           Archbishops
           :
           with
           diverse
           of
           the
           Clergy
           ,
           who
           in
           that
           third
           year
           of
           King
           William's
           Reign
           ,
           raised
           great
           commotions
           in
           the
           North
           ,
           and
           sought
           most
           eagerly
           to
           recover
           their
           lost
           Country
           .
           But
           it
           now
           proved
           too
           late
           ,
           the
           King
           having
           setled
           the
           Government
           of
           the
           Kingdom
           ,
           so
           that
           instead
           of
           prevailing
           they
           gave
           advantage
           to
           the
           Conquerour
           to
           make
           himself
           
           more
           than
           he
           was
           .
           
             For
             all
             oppositions
             made
             by
             Subjects
             against
             their
             Soveraigns
             ,
             do
             ,
             if
             they
             succeed
             not
             ,
             tend
             much
             to
             their
             advancement
          
           ;
           and
           nothing
           gave
           deeper
           rooting
           to
           the
           Normans
           here
           ,
           then
           the
           petty
           revolts
           made
           by
           scattered
           Troops
           in
           several
           places
           ,
           begun
           without
           Order
           ,
           and
           followed
           without
           resolution
           .
        
         
           King
           William
           ,
           foreseeing
           new
           stirs
           from
           Scotland
           ,
           sent
           to
           Malcolme
           to
           deliver
           up
           to
           him
           his
           enemy
           Etheling
           ,
           which
           if
           he
           refused
           he
           threatned
           him
           with
           Wars
           .
           Malcolme
           returned
           answer
           :
           That
           it
           was
           unjust
           and
           wicked
           ,
           especially
           in
           a
           Prince
           ,
           to
           betray
           to
           his
           enemy
           ,
           one
           that
           came
           to
           his
           Court
           for
           protection
           ,
           especially
           being
           now
           so
           nearly
           allied
           to
           him
           .
           William
           ,
           thus
           disappointed
           ,
           feared
           a
           dangerous
           Rebellion
           in
           his
           Kingdom
           ,
           to
           prevent
           which
           he
           built
           four
           strong
           Castles
           .
           One
           at
           Hastings
           :
           A
           
           second
           at
           Lincoln
           :
           A
           third
           at
           Nottingham
           :
           And
           a
           fourth
           at
           York
           ,
           in
           all
           which
           he
           placed
           strong
           Garrisons
           .
           And
           disarming
           the
           English
           ,
           he
           commanded
           every
           Housholder
           to
           put
           out
           both
           fire
           and
           candle
           at
           eight
           a
           clock
           at
           night
           ,
           at
           which
           hour
           he
           appointed
           that
           in
           every
           Town
           a
           Bell
           should
           be
           rung
           ;
           called
           by
           the
           
             French
             Coverfew
          
           ,
           or
           
             Cover
             fire
          
           ,
           to
           prevent
           nightly
           tumults
           which
           otherwise
           might
           arise
           .
           Then
           did
           he
           give
           the
           Earldom
           ,
           and
           all
           the
           Lands
           that
           Edwin
           held
           in
           York-shire
           ,
           to
           Allain
           Earl
           of
           Britaine
           .
           The
           Archbishoprick
           of
           Conterbury
           ,
           he
           conferred
           on
           Lankfranc
           Abbot
           of
           Caen.
           That
           of
           Tork
           upon
           Thomas
           his
           Chaplaine
           ,
           and
           all
           the
           rest
           of
           the
           English
           ,
           which
           were
           out
           in
           Rebellion
           ,
           had
           their
           places
           supplied
           by
           the
           Normans
           .
        
         
         
           Shortly
           after
           ,
           Goodwin
           ,
           and
           Edmund
           the
           sons
           of
           the
           
           late
           King
           Herald
           ,
           coming
           with
           some
           Forces
           out
           of
           Ireland
           ,
           landed
           in
           Summersetshire
           ,
           and
           fought
           with
           Adnothus
           ,
           one
           of
           King
           William's
           Captains
           ,
           whom
           they
           slew
           with
           many
           others
           ,
           and
           taking
           great
           booties
           in
           Cornwall
           and
           Devonshire
           ,
           returned
           back
           into
           Ireland
           .
        
         
           Exeter
           also
           thought
           to
           shake
           off
           the
           Norman
           
           yoak
           .
           And
           Northumberland
           ,
           to
           recover
           their
           former
           liberties
           took
           Armes
           ,
           against
           whom
           the
           King
           sent
           
             Robert
             Cumin
          
           ,
           and
           himself
           went
           against
           Exeter
           and
           besieged
           it
           ,
           and
           at
           last
           the
           Citizens
           opened
           their
           Gates
           and
           submitted
           to
           his
           mercy
           ,
           the
           Ring-leaders
           escaping
           into
           Flanders
           .
           But
           in
           the
           North
           ,
           Cumin
           lying
           secure
           in
           Durham
           ,
           was
           suddenly
           in
           the
           night
           surprised
           by
           
             Edgar
             Etheling
          
           ,
           and
           his
           followers
           ,
           who
           slew
           Cumin
           ,
           and
           all
           his
           Normans
           being
           about
           seven
           hundred
           ,
           one
           onely
           escaping
           to
           carry
           the
           ill
           newes
           to
           King
           William
           .
        
         
           During
           these
           stirs
           in
           England
           the
           English
           fugitives
           in
           Denmark
           so
           far
           prevailed
           with
           King
           Swaine
           ,
           that
           he
           sent
           a
           strong
           Navy
           of
           three
           hundred
           ships
           ,
           well
           fraught
           with
           Souldiers
           ,
           under
           his
           two
           
           Sons
           Harold
           ,
           and
           Canute
           ,
           who
           arriving
           in
           Humber
           ,
           marched
           to
           York
           ,
           to
           whom
           also
           Edgar
           ,
           and
           his
           associats
           out
           of
           Scotland
           ,
           joyned
           themselves
           .
           At
           whose
           approach
           the
           Citizens
           were
           so
           terrified
           that
           
           they
           set
           fire
           on
           the
           suburbs
           ,
           and
           the
           flame
           by
           an
           high
           wind
           ,
           was
           driven
           over
           the
           wall
           ,
           whereby
           a
           great
           part
           of
           the
           City
           was
           consumed
           ,
           together
           with
           the
           Cathedral
           Church
           and
           a
           famous
           Library
           of
           great
           worth
           ,
           and
           the
           Garrison
           of
           Normans
           consisting
           of
           3000.
           were
           all
           slain
           .
        
         
         
           This
           so
           incensed
           King
           William
           ,
           that
           speedily
           
           raising
           an
           Army
           ,
           he
           entered
           Northumberland
           ,
           pittifully
           wasted
           by
           the
           Danes
           ,
           and
           made
           spoil
           of
           all
           ,
           and
           with
           a
           good
           summe
           of
           money
           purchased
           the
           departure
           of
           the
           
             Danes
             ▪
          
           These
           devastations
           in
           sundry
           Counties
           made
           such
           a
           Dearth
           ,
           that
           the
           People
           were
           forced
           to
           eat
           Horses
           ,
           Dogs
           ,
           Cats
           ,
           Rats
           ,
           &c.
           and
           between
           York
           and
           Durham
           ,
           for
           the
           space
           of
           
           sixty
           miles
           ,
           for
           nine
           years
           together
           ,
           there
           was
           such
           an
           utter
           desolation
           ,
           that
           neither
           House
           was
           left
           standing
           ,
           nor
           field
           tilled
           .
        
         
           After
           this
           great
           defeat
           most
           of
           the
           Lords
           came
           in
           
           upon
           the
           publick
           Faith
           ,
           and
           were
           conducted
           to
           Barkhansted
           ,
           by
           the
           Abbot
           Frederick
           ,
           where
           upon
           their
           submission
           ,
           and
           Oath
           of
           Allegiance
           retaken
           ,
           they
           were
           restored
           to
           his
           favour
           ,
           and
           to
           give
           them
           satisfaction
           ,
           King
           William
           ,
           before
           the
           Archbishop
           Lankfranc
           ,
           and
           the
           Lords
           ,
           again
           sware
           to
           observe
           the
           antient
           Laws
           of
           the
           Realm
           ,
           established
           by
           his
           Noble
           Predecessors
           ,
           especialy
           those
           of
           Saint
           Edward
           .
           Yet
           not
           long
           after
           these
           .
           Lords
           upon
           new
           discontents
           brake
           out
           again
           .
           But
           Earl
           Edwin
           ,
           making
           towards
           
           Scotland
           ,
           was
           murthered
           by
           the
           way
           by
           his
           own
           men
           .
           The
           Lords
           Morchar
           and
           Hereward
           ,
           betook
           themselves
           to
           the
           Isle
           of
           Ely
           ,
           intending
           to
           secure
           themselves
           there
           for
           that
           Winter
           ;
           to
           whom
           also
           repaired
           Earl
           Syward
           and
           the
           Bishop
           of
           Durham
           out
           of
           Scotland
           .
           But
           the
           King
           who
           was
           no
           time
           giver
           ,
           
           presently
           besieged
           them
           with
           flat
           Boats
           on
           the
           East
           ,
           and
           made
           a
           Bridge
           two
           miles
           long
           on
           the
           West
           ,
           and
           so
           brought
           his
           men
           upon
           them
           ,
           who
           seeing
           themselves
           surprised
           ,
           yielded
           to
           the
           Kings
           mercy
           :
           Only
           Hereward
           desperatly
           marched
           with
           his
           People
           
           through
           the
           Fens
           ,
           and
           fled
           into
           Scotland
           ,
           the
           rest
           were
           sent
           to
           diverse
           Prisons
           where
           they
           dyed
           ,
           or
           remained
           during
           the
           Kings
           life
           .
        
         
           Those
           Lords
           that
           continued
           Loyal
           upon
           the
           late
           submission
           ,
           were
           imployed
           and
           preferred
           by
           the
           
           King.
           As
           Edric
           ,
           the
           Forrester
           .
           And
           Gospatrice
           was
           made
           Earl
           of
           Northumberland
           ,
           and
           sent
           against
           King
           Malcolme
           ,
           who
           wasted
           the
           Countries
           of
           
             Tisdale
             ,
             Cleaveland
          
           ,
           and
           
             Cumberland
             .
             Waltheoff
          
           ,
           the
           Son
           of
           Earl
           Syward
           ,
           he
           married
           to
           his
           Neece
           Judith
           ,
           a
           very
           valiant
           man
           :
           shewing
           a
           Noble
           nature
           to
           love
           vertue
           ,
           even
           in
           his
           enemies
           .
           And
           now
           King
           William
           ,
           finding
           Scotland
           ,
           to
           be
           a
           place
           of
           retreat
           for
           all
           his
           discontented
           Subjects
           ,
           and
           where
           his
           Competitor
           Edgar
           lived
           ,
           he
           entered
           the
           Kingdom
           with
           a
           great
           Army
           ,
           which
           encountring
           more
           with
           wants
           than
           Forces
           ,
           and
           both
           Kings
           considering
           the
           
           uncertain
           events
           of
           War
           ,
           upon
           fair
           overtures
           concluded
           a
           Peace
           ,
           agreeing
           upon
           the
           bounds
           of
           each
           Kingdom
           ;
           and
           Delinquents
           with
           their
           partakers
           were
           generally
           pardoned
           .
           And
           shortly
           after
           
             Edgar
             Etheling
          
           ,
           came
           in
           volutarily
           ,
           and
           was
           restored
           to
           the
           Kings
           favour
           ,
           who
           allowed
           him
           a
           liberal
           maintenance
           ,
           which
           held
           him
           ever
           after
           quiet
           .
        
         
           King
           William
           being
           now
           gone
           into
           Normandy
           ,
           there
           was
           amost
           dangerous
           Conspiracy
           begun
           against
           him
           by
           
             Ralph
             de
             Waher
          
           Earl
           of
           Suffolk
           and
           Norfolk
           ;
           
           
             Roger
             Fitz
             Aubre
          
           ,
           (
           or
           Osburne
           )
           Earl
           of
           
             Hereford
             :
             Waltheoff
          
           ,
           Earl
           of
           Northumberland
           ,
           with
           Eustace
           ,
           Earl
           of
           Bulloine
           (
           suborned
           ,
           as
           it
           was
           thought
           ,
           by
           the
           King
           of
           France
           ,
           there
           unto
           )
           .
           These
           Lords
           conspired
           to
           keep
           William
           in
           Normandy
           ,
           and
           to
           dispossess
           
           him
           of
           his
           Kingdom
           ;
           for
           which
           end
           they
           agreed
           to
           joyn
           theirs
           with
           the
           Danish
           Forces
           ,
           whom
           they
           intended
           to
           call
           in
           .
           This
           was
           a
           dangerous
           Combination
           ,
           the
           King
           being
           in
           Normandy
           besieging
           the
           Castle
           of
           Dole
           ,
           in
           Britaine
           ,
           belonging
           unto
           
             Ralph
             Waher
          
           ,
           and
           defended
           against
           him
           by
           the
           King
           of
           France
           ,
           and
           at
           such
           a
           time
           when
           all
           his
           Neighbor
           Princes
           were
           jealous
           of
           him
           ,
           and
           ill
           affected
           to
           him
           .
           The
           King
           of
           Scotland
           ,
           and
           the
           Princes
           of
           Wales
           ,
           ready
           to
           joyn
           with
           them
           at
           home
           .
           Swaine
           King
           of
           Denmark
           ,
           with
           a
           Navy
           of
           two
           hundred
           sail
           ready
           to
           invade
           England
           ;
           to
           which
           Drone
           ,
           King
           of
           Ireland
           ,
           joyned
           sixty
           five
           ships
           .
           And
           this
           did
           more
           distract
           and
           incense
           him
           ,
           because
           most
           of
           these
           great
           Lords
           were
           either
           his
           kinsmen
           or
           nearly
           allied
           to
           him
           .
        
         
           This
           grand
           Conspiracy
           was
           discovered
           by
           Waltheoff
           
           to
           Archbishop
           Lankfranc
           ,
           who
           perswaded
           the
           Earl
           to
           go
           to
           the
           King
           and
           to
           inform
           him
           of
           the
           greatness
           of
           his
           danger
           .
           Yet
           notwithstanding
           this
           discoverie
           ,
           Roger
           ,
           and
           Ralph
           ,
           proceed
           in
           their
           intentions
           ,
           and
           raise
           Forces
           .
           But
           by
           the
           diligence
           of
           Odo
           ,
           Bishop
           of
           Baiaux
           ,
           the
           Kings
           Brother
           ,
           
           the
           Bishop
           of
           Worcester
           ,
           and
           the
           Abbot
           of
           Evesham
           ,
           they
           were
           so
           prevented
           that
           they
           could
           never
           unite
           their
           Forces
           :
           Whereupon
           Ralph
           fled
           into
           
             France
             ;
             Roger
          
           was
           taken
           and
           imprisoned
           ;
           Waltheoff
           was
           beheaded
           ;
           and
           so
           this
           flame
           was
           extinct
           .
        
         
           The
           greatest
           and
           last
           insurrection
           was
           in
           Normandy
           ,
           
           by
           King
           William's
           own
           Son
           Robert
           ,
           who
           by
           the
           instigation
           ,
           and
           assistance
           of
           Philip
           King
           of
           France
           ,
           (
           envying
           Williams
           greatness
           )
           entered
           
           Normandy
           ,
           and
           claimed
           it
           as
           his
           own
           right
           .
           His
           Father
           indeed
           had
           promised
           him
           it
           long
           before
           ,
           but
           Robert
           impatient
           of
           delaies
           ,
           endeavored
           by
           a
           strong
           hand
           to
           wrest
           it
           from
           his
           Father
           .
           King
           William
           hearing
           hereof
           passed
           with
           a
           strong
           Army
           over
           into
           Normandy
           ,
           where
           in
           a
           Battel
           meeting
           with
           his
           Son
           ,
           hand
           to
           hand
           ,
           he
           was
           by
           him
           unhorsed
           ,
           and
           hurt
           in
           the
           arm
           .
           But
           his
           Son
           perceiving
           by
           his
           voice
           that
           it
           was
           his
           Father
           ,
           suddenly
           leaped
           off
           his
           
           Horse
           ,
           took
           him
           up
           in
           his
           armes
           ,
           fell
           down
           at
           his
           feet
           ,
           and
           humbly
           intreated
           his
           pardon
           ,
           which
           his
           Father
           easily
           granted
           ,
           embraced
           his
           Son
           ,
           and
           ever
           after
           they
           lived
           in
           mutual
           love
           .
        
         
           After
           this
           King
           William
           sent
           this
           his
           Son
           Robert
           ,
           with
           an
           Army
           against
           Malcolm
           King
           of
           Scots
           ,
           who
           had
           invaded
           Northumberland
           ,
           who
           at
           the
           coming
           of
           Duke
           Robert
           ,
           retired
           .
           At
           which
           time
           Duke
           Robert
           began
           to
           found
           a
           Castle
           upon
           the
           River
           of
           Tine
           ,
           whereof
           the
           Town
           of
           Newcastle
           did
           take
           its
           beginning
           ,
           and
           Name
           ,
           which
           formerly
           was
           
           called
           Moncaster
           .
           These
           frequent
           Wars
           put
           the
           State
           to
           an
           infinite
           charge
           ,
           the
           King
           entertaining
           all
           this
           while
           ,
           besides
           Normans
           ,
           very
           many
           French.
           Finding
           the
           English
           (
           in
           respect
           of
           many
           great
           Families
           that
           were
           allied
           to
           the
           Danes
           )
           rather
           to
           incline
           to
           that
           Nation
           than
           to
           the
           Normans
           .
        
         
           In
           the
           fifteenth
           year
           of
           his
           Reign
           he
           subdued
           Wales
           ,
           and
           brought
           the
           King
           thereof
           to
           do
           him
           Homage
           .
           And
           presently
           after
           quarrels
           arose
           between
           King
           William
           ,
           and
           the
           King
           of
           France
           .
           
           The
           King
           of
           France
           invades
           Normandy
           ,
           and
           takes
           the
           City
           of
           Vernon
           .
           The
           King
           of
           England
           
           invades
           France
           ,
           and
           subdued
           the
           Country
           of
           Xantoigne
           ,
           and
           Poicton
           ,
           and
           so
           returned
           to
           Roan
           .
           Then
           did
           the
           King
           of
           France
           summon
           our
           King
           to
           do
           him
           Homage
           for
           England
           ,
           which
           he
           refused
           ,
           saying
           he
           held
           it
           of
           none
           but
           God
           ,
           and
           his
           sword
           :
           But
           for
           the
           Dutchy
           of
           Normandy
           ,
           he
           offered
           him
           Homage
           ,
           which
           yet
           would
           not
           satisfie
           the
           King
           of
           France
           .
           Whereupon
           he
           made
           a
           new
           invasion
           but
           with
           more
           loss
           than
           profit
           .
           In
           the
           end
           they
           concluded
           a
           crazy
           Peace
           ,
           which
           held
           only
           till
           King
           William
           had
           recovered
           a
           sickness
           ,
           whereinto
           (
           through
           his
           travel
           ,
           age
           ,
           and
           corpulency
           )
           he
           was
           faln
           ;
           which
           occasioned
           the
           young
           and
           lusty
           King
           of
           France
           jeeringly
           to
           say
           ,
           
             that
             he
             lay
             in
             of
             his
             great
          
           
           
             belly
             in
          
           Roan
           .
           This
           so
           irritated
           King
           William
           that
           so
           soon
           as
           he
           was
           recovered
           ,
           he
           gathered
           a
           very
           strong
           Army
           with
           which
           he
           entered
           France
           in
           the
           chiefest
           time
           of
           their
           Fruits
           ,
           spoiling
           all
           before
           him
           till
           he
           came
           to
           Paris
           ,
           where
           the
           King
           of
           France
           then
           
           was
           ,
           to
           whom
           he
           sent
           to
           shew
           him
           of
           his
           upsiting
           .
           From
           thence
           he
           marched
           to
           Mentz
           ,
           which
           he
           wholly
           sackt
           ,
           where
           he
           caught
           the
           occasion
           of
           
           his
           Death
           ,
           by
           the
           strain
           of
           his
           Horse
           amongst
           the
           breaches
           :
           from
           whence
           he
           was
           conveighed
           sick
           to
           Roan
           .
        
         
           
             Anno
             Christi
          
           ,
           1078.
           
           King
           William
           ,
           before
           his
           going
           into
           Normandy
           ,
           the
           more
           to
           assure
           himself
           ,
           and
           his
           successors
           of
           the
           English
           Crown
           ,
           on
           the
           East
           side
           of
           London
           ,
           built
           a
           strongly
           fenced
           Castle
           
           or
           Magazine
           for
           his
           Warlike
           Amunition
           ,
           which
           he
           entrenched
           with
           a
           long
           and
           deep
           Ditch
           ,
           〈◊〉
           now
           called
           the
           
             Tower
             of
             London
          
           :
           the
           Surveyor
           of
           which
           worke
           ,
           was
           Gundulphus
           ,
           Bishop
           of
           Rochester
           
           the
           mortar
           of
           it
           being
           tempered
           with
           the
           blood
           of
           Beasts
           .
           Then
           to
           fill
           his
           Coffers
           he
           imposed
           great
           Subsidies
           upon
           the
           Land
           ,
           causing
           an
           exact
           survey
           to
           be
           taken
           of
           the
           whole
           kingdom
           ;
           yea
           ,
           and
           of
           every
           particular
           part
           and
           commodity
           thereof
           ,
           so
           
           that
           there
           was
           not
           a
           Hide
           of
           Land
           ,
           Lake
           ,
           Water
           or
           Wast
           ,
           but
           he
           knew
           the
           value
           ,
           the
           Owners
           ,
           and
           Possessors
           ,
           together
           with
           the
           Rents
           ,
           and
           profits
           therof
           .
           As
           also
           of
           all
           Cities
           ,
           Towns
           ,
           Villages
           ,
           Monasteries
           ,
           and
           Religious
           Houses
           .
           Causing
           all
           the
           People
           in
           England
           to
           be
           numbered
           ,
           their
           Names
           to
           be
           taken
           ,
           with
           notice
           what
           every
           one
           might
           dispend
           by
           the
           year
           ,
           their
           substance
           ,
           money
           ,
           and
           Bondmen
           were
           recorded
           .
           How
           many
           yoak
           of
           Oxen
           and
           plough-lands
           were
           in
           the
           Realm
           :
           and
           what
           services
           they
           owed
           that
           held
           of
           him
           in
           Fee
           :
           All
           which
           was
           certified
           by
           Oaths
           of
           the
           Commissioners
           .
        
         
           This
           done
           ,
           he
           caused
           six
           shillings
           to
           be
           paid
           him
           for
           every
           Hide
           of
           Land.
           The
           Book
           that
           cōtained
           this
           Survey
           ,
           was
           called
           the
           
             Roule
             of
             Winchester
          
           ,
           as
           being
           kept
           there
           at
           first
           .
           But
           ever
           since
           it
           hath
           been
           called
           
             Doomsday
             Book
          
           ,
           because
           of
           the
           General
           and
           inevitable
           censure
           thereof
           ;
           and
           since
           it
           hath
           
           been
           kept
           in
           the
           Kings
           Exchequer
           at
           Westminster
           ,
           This
           grievous
           exaction
           made
           the
           English
           miserably
           groan
           under
           their
           present
           State
           ,
           whereby
           the
           King
           and
           his
           Normans
           were
           daily
           more
           hated
           :
           and
           he
           on
           the
           contrary
           loved
           them
           so
           little
           that
           he
           fought
           by
           all
           means
           to
           bring
           the
           English
           Name
           ,
           and
           Nation
           to
           ruine
           .
           He
           gave
           also
           further
           offence
           both
           to
           God
           and
           Man
           ,
           by
           depopulating
           the
           fruitful
           Country
           ,
           lying
           South
           from
           Salisbury
           to
           the
           Sea
           :
           pulling
           down
           Towns
           ,
           and
           Villages
           ,
           with
           thirty
           six
           Parish
           
           Churches
           ,
           and
           so
           laid
           open
           all
           the
           Country
           for
           
           thirty
           miles
           space
           ,
           for
           wild
           beasts
           for
           his
           own
           Game
           in
           Hunting
           :
           which
           place
           hath
           ever
           since
           been
           called
           the
           
             New
             Forrest
          
           .
           He
           also
           imposed
           such
           severe
           punishments
           upon
           such
           as
           offended
           in
           hunting
           his
           Game
           that
           he
           was
           called
           the
           
             Father
             of
             wild
             Beasts
          
           .
           But
           God's
           severe
           Judgment
           pursued
           him
           for
           his
           wickedness
           ;
           for
           in
           this
           Forrest
           ,
           Richard
           his
           second
           Son
           ,
           was
           gored
           by
           a
           Deer
           ,
           whereof
           he
           dyed
           .
           Rufus
           ,
           an
           other
           of
           his
           Sons
           ,
           being
           taken
           for
           a
           Deer
           ,
           was
           shot
           thorow
           with
           an
           Arrow
           
           and
           slain
           .
           Henry
           ,
           his
           Grandson
           by
           
             Robert
             Curtoise
          
           his
           Eldest
           Son
           ,
           eagerly
           pursuing
           a
           Deer
           was
           by
           a
           bough
           struck
           into
           the
           jawes
           ,
           and
           left
           hanging
           till
           he
           died
           .
        
         
           Although
           King
           William
           at
           his
           Coronation
           had
           taken
           an
           oath
           to
           observe
           the
           Laws
           of
           King
           Edward
           ,
           then
           in
           use
           :
           which
           oath
           he
           renewed
           at
           Barkhamsted
           ,
           yet
           did
           he
           abbrogate
           many
           of
           them
           ,
           and
           brought
           in
           the
           Norman
           Laws
           ,
           written
           in
           French
           ,
           commanding
           that
           all
           Causes
           should
           be
           pleaded
           ,
           and
           all
           matters
           
           of
           Form
           dispatched
           in
           French
           ;
           either
           on
           purpose
           to
           entrap
           men
           through
           ignorance
           of
           the
           Language
           ,
           or
           else
           to
           make
           the
           Normans
           Language
           predominant
           in
           this
           Kingdom
           ,
           which
           yet
           he
           could
           never
           effect
           ,
           there
           being
           not
           so
           much
           as
           any
           footsteps
           of
           that
           Language
           remaining
           in
           the
           English
           Tongue
           .
           Forms
           of
           Judgment
           by
           Fire
           ,
           and
           Water
           ,
           called
           Ordeal
           ,
           formerly
           much
           used
           ,
           were
           now
           antiquated
           and
           shortly
           after
           quite
           abolished
           by
           the
           Pope
           ,
           as
           savouring
           too
           much
           of
           Paganism
           .
           That
           of
           Combat
           continued
           longer
           ,
           but
           was
           of
           no
           ordinary
           use
           .
           Actions
           both
           Criminal
           ,
           and
           Real
           ,
           began
           now
           wholly
           to
           be
           judged
           
           by
           the
           verdict
           of
           twelve
           men
           ,
           called
           by
           the
           name
           of
           Enquest
           .
           And
           whereas
           the
           Bishops
           formerly
           dealt
           in
           Secular
           Causes
           ,
           and
           shared
           with
           the
           King
           in
           many
           Mulcts
           imposed
           on
           Delinquents
           ,
           now
           the
           King
           confined
           all
           the
           Clergy
           within
           the
           
           compass
           of
           their
           own
           Ecclesiastical
           Jurisdiction
           ,
           to
           meddle
           only
           in
           matters
           concerning
           mens
           Souls
           .
           He
           set
           up
           Sheriffs
           in
           every
           Shire
           ,
           and
           Justices
           of
           Peace
           to
           punish
           Malefactors
           .
           And
           lastly
           ,
           he
           ordainned
           his
           Councel
           of
           State
           his
           Chancery
           ,
           his
           Exchequer
           ,
           and
           his
           Courts
           of
           Justice
           ,
           which
           alwayes
           removed
           with
           his
           Court.
           These
           places
           he
           furnished
           with
           Officers
           ,
           and
           assigned
           four
           Terms
           in
           the
           year
           for
           determining
           controversies
           amongst
           the
           People
           ,
           commonly
           held
           at
           Westminster
           .
        
         
           As
           for
           his
           Provisionary
           Revenues
           ,
           his
           Tenants
           who
           held
           Lands
           of
           the
           Crown
           ,
           paid
           him
           no
           mony
           
           but
           only
           Corn
           ,
           and
           Victuals
           ;
           and
           a
           just
           note
           of
           the
           quality
           ,
           and
           quantity
           of
           everyman's
           ratement
           was
           taken
           through
           all
           the
           Shires
           of
           the
           Kingdom
           ,
           and
           leavied
           constantly
           for
           the
           maintenance
           of
           the
           Kings
           House
           .
           One
           Law
           he
           made
           which
           was
           extreamly
           distastfull
           to
           the
           Gentry
           .
           That
           whereas
           they
           might
           at
           their
           pleasure
           ,
           hunt
           &
           take
           Deer
           which
           they
           found
           abroad
           in
           the
           woods
           ,
           now
           it
           was
           ordained
           that
           upon
           penalty
           of
           putting
           out
           their
           eyes
           ,
           none
           should
           presume
           to
           take
           or
           kill
           any
           of
           them
           ,
           the
           King
           preserving
           them
           for
           his
           own
           Game
           .
        
         
           In
           the
           first
           year
           of
           his
           Reign
           he
           granted
           to
           the
           
           City
           of
           London
           ,
           their
           first
           Charter
           and
           Liberties
           in
           as
           Large
           a
           manner
           as
           they
           enjoyed
           them
           under
           King
           Edward
           the
           Confessor
           ;
           which
           he
           did
           at
           the
           request
           of
           William
           a
           Norman
           ,
           Bishop
           of
           London
           ;
           in
           grateful
           
           remembrance
           whereof
           ,
           the
           Lord
           Major
           and
           Aldermen
           upon
           their
           solemn
           days
           of
           their
           resort
           to
           Pauls
           ,
           do
           still
           walk
           to
           the
           Grave-stone
           where
           this
           Bishop
           lies
           interred
           .
           Also
           this
           King
           was
           the
           first
           that
           brought
           the
           Jewes
           into
           England
           .
           He
           also
           enacted
           a
           Law
           that
           whosoever
           forced
           a
           woman
           should
           lose
           his
           Genitals
           .
           In
           his
           time
           the
           use
           of
           long
           Bows
           came
           first
           into
           England
           ,
           which
           ,
           as
           they
           were
           the
           weapons
           wherewith
           under
           this
           King
           France
           Conquered
           England
           ,
           so
           they
           were
           the
           weapons
           with
           which
           England
           under
           succeeding
           Kings
           conquered
           France
           .
           This
           King
           also
           appointed
           a
           Constable
           at
           Dover
           Castle
           ,
           and
           a
           Lord
           Warden
           of
           the
           Cinque-Ports
           .
           In
           short
           ,
           He
           ordained
           such
           good
           Laws
           ,
           and
           had
           them
           so
           well
           executed
           ,
           that
           a
           Girle
           might
           carry
           a
           bag
           of
           money
           all
           the
           Country
           over
           without
           danger
           of
           being
           rob'd
           .
           And
           in
           his
           time
           the
           setting
           of
           Seals
           to
           Bonds
           and
           writings
           was
           first
           used
           .
        
         
           In
           King
           William's
           time
           Stigand
           Archbishop
           of
           Canterbury
           ,
           was
           removed
           from
           his
           See
           and
           kept
           Prisoner
           during
           his
           Life
           in
           the
           Castle
           of
           Winchester
           ;
           
           and
           Lanfranc
           ,
           an
           
             Italian
             ▪
          
           succeeded
           him
           ;
           who
           in
           a
           Synod
           at
           London
           ,
           removed
           the
           Bishops
           Sees
           from
           small
           Towns
           to
           Cities
           :
           as
           from
           Silliway
           to
           Chichester
           ;
           from
           Kyrton
           to
           Exeter
           ;
           from
           Wells
           to
           Bath
           ;
           From
           Sherborn
           to
           Salisbury
           ;
           from
           Dorcester
           to
           Lincolne
           ;
           and
           from
           Lichfield
           to
           Chester
           ;
           and
           from
           thence
           again
           to
           Coventry
           .
        
         
           He
           founded
           the
           Abbey
           of
           Battel
           in
           Sussex
           ,
           where
           
           he
           overcame
           Herald
           .
           The
           Abbey
           of
           Selby
           in
           Yorkshire
           ;
           And
           a
           third
           near
           London
           ,
           called
           Saint
           Saviours
           .
           He
           founded
           also
           the
           Priory
           of
           Saint
           Nicholas
           at
           
           Exeter
           ,
           and
           gave
           great
           Priviledges
           to
           Saint
           
             Martins
             Le
             Grand
          
           in
           London
           .
           In
           Normandy
           he
           founded
           an
           Abby
           at
           Caen
           :
           and
           he
           gave
           to
           the
           Church
           of
           Saint
           Stephens
           there
           ,
           two
           Mannors
           in
           Dorsetshire
           ;
           one
           in
           Devonshire
           ;
           an
           other
           in
           Essex
           ;
           much
           Land
           in
           
             Bark
             ▪
             shire
          
           ,
           some
           in
           Norfolk
           ;
           an
           house
           in
           
             Woodstreet
             London
          
           ,
           with
           many
           Avowsions
           of
           Churches
           .
        
         
           In
           his
           time
           Saint
           Pauls
           Church
           being
           burnt
           down
           ,
           
           Maurice
           Bishop
           of
           London
           ,
           began
           this
           which
           is
           now
           standing
           ;
           A
           work
           so
           admirable
           and
           stupendious
           that
           many
           thought
           it
           would
           never
           have
           been
           finished
           .
           Towards
           the
           building
           of
           the
           East
           end
           of
           it
           ,
           the
           King
           gave
           the
           choice
           Stones
           of
           his
           Castle
           in
           the
           West
           end
           of
           the
           City
           ;
           in
           which
           place
           afterwards
           was
           founded
           a
           Monastery
           of
           
             Black
             Friers
          
           .
           And
           after
           the
           death
           of
           
             Maurice
             ,
             Richard
          
           ,
           his
           next
           successor
           ,
           gave
           all
           the
           Rents
           of
           his
           Bishoprick
           towards
           the
           building
           of
           this
           Church
           ;
           yet
           the
           finishing
           of
           it
           was
           left
           to
           his
           successors
           .
           About
           the
           same
           time
           William
           ,
           Bishop
           of
           Durham
           ;
           founded
           
             University
             Colledge
          
           in
           Oxford
           :
        
         
           In
           the
           twentieth
           year
           of
           his
           Reign
           ,
           their
           happened
           so
           great
           a
           fire
           in
           London
           ,
           that
           from
           the
           West
           Gate
           to
           the
           East
           Gate
           it
           consumed
           all
           the
           Houses
           and
           Churches
           ,
           at
           which
           time
           (
           as
           was
           said
           before
           )
           Pauls
           Church
           was
           burnt
           down
           .
           Burning
           Feavers
           also
           consumed
           the
           People
           .
           Murrains
           devoured
           an
           
           infinite
           number
           of
           Cattel
           ;
           great
           Rains
           and
           Floods
           destroyed
           the
           Fruites
           of
           the
           Earth
           ,
           whence
           ensued
           a
           great
           Famine
           ;
           and
           by
           them
           the
           Hills
           were
           so
           softned
           ,
           and
           undermined
           ,
           that
           some
           of
           them
           fell
           ,
           and
           overwhelmed
           the
           Neighbouring
           Villages
           .
           Tame
           
           Fowls
           ,
           as
           Hens
           ,
           Geese
           ,
           Peacocks
           ,
           &c.
           fled
           into
           the
           Woods
           ,
           and
           Forests
           ,
           and
           turned
           wild
           .
        
         
           Odo
           ,
           the
           Kings
           Brother
           ,
           Bishop
           of
           Bayeux
           ,
           hoping
           to
           obtain
           the
           Popedom
           had
           heaped
           up
           vast
           Treasures
           for
           the
           purchasing
           of
           it
           .
           But
           as
           he
           was
           about
           to
           begin
           his
           journey
           ,
           he
           was
           seized
           upon
           by
           the
           King
           ,
           and
           imprisoned
           ,
           and
           his
           House
           being
           searched
           ,
           there
           were
           found
           such
           heaps
           of
           Gold
           as
           caused
           admiration
           in
           all
           that
           saw
           it
           ,
           and
           many
           of
           his
           Bags
           were
           drawn
           out
           of
           Rivers
           ,
           where
           they
           were
           laid
           ,
           full
           of
           Gold
           beaten
           to
           Powder
           .
        
         
           King
           William
           wanting
           mony
           seized
           upon
           the
           Plate
           ,
           
           Jewels
           ,
           and
           Treasure
           within
           all
           the
           Monastries
           in
           England
           .
           Pretending
           ,
           that
           the
           Rebels
           had
           conveyed
           their
           Riches
           into
           these
           Religous
           Houses
           (
           as
           into
           Sanctuaries
           ,
           and
           priviledged
           places
           )
           to
           defraud
           him
           thereof
           ▪
           He
           made
           also
           all
           Bishopricks
           and
           Abbyes
           that
           held
           Baronies
           (
           alwayes
           free
           before
           )
           to
           contribute
           to
           his
           Wars
           and
           other
           occasions
           .
        
         
           We
           left
           King
           William
           sick
           at
           Roan
           ,
           occasioned
           partly
           
           by
           heat
           and
           partly
           by
           the
           leap
           of
           his
           Horse
           which
           brake
           the
           inward
           Rim
           of
           his
           Belly
           ;
           And
           perceiving
           his
           approaching
           Death
           ,
           he
           made
           his
           Will
           ,
           wherein
           he
           commanded
           that
           all
           his
           Treasure
           should
           be
           distributed
           to
           Churches
           ,
           Ministers
           ,
           and
           the
           Poor
           ;
           appointing
           to
           each
           their
           several
           portions
           .
           His
           Dukedom
           of
           
             Normandy
             ▪
          
           he
           left
           to
           his
           eldest
           Son
           Robert
           ,
           to
           whom
           he
           had
           formerly
           given
           it
           .
           His
           Kingdom
           of
           England
           he
           left
           to
           his
           second
           Son
           William
           .
           And
           Henry
           his
           youngest
           Son
           ,
           surnamed
           Beauclark
           ,
           hearing
           himself
           neglected
           by
           his
           Father
           ,
           with
           tears
           said
           ,
           
             And
             what
             Father
             do
             you
             give
             me
             ?
          
           the
           King
           
           answered
           ,
           
             Five
             thousand
             pounds
             of
             Silver
             out
             of
             my
             Treasury
             .
          
           But
           (
           replied
           he
           )
           what
           shall
           I
           do
           with
           the
           Treasure
           if
           I
           want
           an
           Habitation
           ?
           His
           Father
           answered
           ,
           
             Be
             patient
             my
             son
             ,
             and
             comfort
             thyself
             in
             God
             ,
             suffer
             quietly
             thy
             Elder
             Brothers
             to
             go
             before
             thee
             .
          
           Robert
           
             shall
             have
          
           Normandy
           ,
           and
           William
           England
           ,
           
             but
             thou
             in
             time
             shalt
             have
             intirely
             all
             the
             honour
             that
             I
             have
             gotten
             ,
             and
             shalt
             excell
             thy
             Brethren
             in
             Riches
             and
             Power
             .
          
        
         
           His
           Son
           William
           he
           sent
           away
           into
           England
           ,
           and
           by
           him
           Letters
           to
           Archbishop
           Lanfranc
           .
           His
           Prisoners
           he
           commanded
           to
           be
           set
           at
           liberty
           ;
           and
           then
           dyed
           September
           the
           ninth
           in
           the
           fifty
           sixth
           year
           of
           his
           Dutchy
           ,
           the
           twenty
           first
           of
           his
           Kingdom
           ,
           and
           the
           sixty
           fourth
           of
           his
           age
           ,
           
             Anno
             Christi
          
           .
           1087.
           
        
         
           No
           sooner
           had
           this
           late
           Glorious
           ▪
           Princes
           Soul
           left
           his
           Body
           ,
           but
           his
           Dead
           Corps
           was
           presently
           abandoned
           by
           his
           chiefest
           Followers
           ,
           who
           posted
           
           away
           every
           one
           to
           defend
           his
           own
           ;
           whilst
           his
           menial
           Servants
           despoiled
           him
           of
           his
           Armor
           ,
           Vessels
           ,
           Apparel
           ,
           and
           all
           princely
           furniture
           ,
           leaving
           his
           Dead
           Body
           naked
           upon
           the
           floor
           ,
           where
           it
           lay
           stinking
           till
           one
           Harluins
           ,
           a
           poor
           Country
           Knight
           ,
           at
           his
           own
           cost
           undertook
           to
           cary
           it
           to
           Caen
           ,
           unto
           Saint
           Stevens
           Church
           formerly
           founded
           by
           this
           King.
           
        
         
           At
           his
           entrance
           into
           Caen
           ,
           the
           Monks
           came
           forth
           to
           meet
           him
           ;
           But
           at
           the
           very
           instant
           ,
           a
           sudden
           fire
           
           happening
           ,
           presently
           invaded
           a
           great
           part
           of
           the
           City
           ,
           whereupon
           his
           Hearse
           was
           forsaken
           by
           all
           ,
           every
           one
           applying
           himself
           to
           help
           to
           quench
           the
           fire
           .
           After
           which
           being
           carried
           to
           Church
           and
           the
           Stone
           Coffin
           set
           ready
           ,
           which
           was
           to
           receive
           the
           Body
           ,
           one
           
             Ascelinus
             Fitz-Arthur
          
           ,
           stood
           up
           and
           forbad
           
           the
           burial
           ,
           saying
           ,
           
             This
             very
             place
             was
             the
             floor
             of
             my
             Fathers
             House
             ,
             which
             this
             dead
             Duke
             violently
             took
             from
             him
             :
             and
             here
             upon
             part
             of
             my
             Inheritance
             founded
             this
             Church
             ;
             This
             ground
             therefore
             I
             challenge
             ,
             and
             in
             Gods
             behalf
             ,
             forbid
             that
             the
             Body
             of
             my
             Despoiler
             he
             covered
             in
             my
             Earth
             ,
             neither
             shall
             it
             be
             interred
             within
             the
             precincts
             of
             my
             right
             .
          
           Whereupon
           they
           were
           forced
           to
           compound
           with
           him
           for
           a
           present
           sum
           of
           money
           ,
           and
           for
           one
           hundred
           pound
           weight
           of
           Silver
           afterwards
           to
           be
           paid
           ,
           and
           so
           the
           Exequies
           went
           forward
           .
           But
           when
           the
           Corps
           came
           to
           be
           laid
           into
           the
           Tomb
           ,
           it
           proved
           too
           litle
           ,
           and
           the
           belly
           being
           pressed
           ▪
           and
           not
           bowelled
           ,
           brake
           ,
           and
           with
           an
           intollerable
           stink
           ,
           so
           offended
           the
           by-standers
           ,
           that
           with
           great
           amazement
           ,
           they
           all
           hasted
           away
           ,
           and
           the
           poor
           Monks
           were
           left
           to
           shuffle
           up
           the
           Burial
           ,
           who
           also
           were
           glad
           when
           they
           gat
           to
           their
           Cells
           .
        
         
           He
           was
           of
           an
           indifferent
           stature
           ,
           of
           a
           comly
           person
           ,
           
           of
           a
           good
           presence
           ,
           till
           his
           corpulency
           increasing
           with
           age
           ,
           made
           him
           unweildy
           ;
           of
           so
           strong
           a
           constitution
           that
           he
           was
           never
           sick
           ,
           till
           a
           litle
           before
           his
           Death
           .
           His
           strength
           such
           that
           few
           men
           could
           draw
           his
           Bow
           ;
           Of
           wit
           ready
           ,
           and
           very
           Politick
           ;
           In
           Speech
           Eloquent
           ;
           Resolute
           in
           attempts
           ;
           In
           hazards
           valiant
           ;
           A
           great
           Souldier
           ,
           and
           very
           successful
           ;
           His
           Charters
           of
           an
           other
           tenour
           ,
           and
           very
           brief
           ;
           as
           may
           appear
           by
           one
           that
           run
           thus
           .
        
         
           
             1
             William
             ,
             the
             third
             year
             of
             my
             Reign
             ,
             Give
             to
             thee
             
               Norman
               Hunter
            
             ,
             to
             me
             that
             art
             both
             leese
             and
             Deer
             ,
          
           
           
             The
             Hop
             and
             the
             Hopton
             ,
             and
             all
             the
             Bounds
             up
             and
             down
             ,
          
           
             Under
             Earth
             to
             Hell
             ,
             above
             the
             Earth
             to
             Heaven
             ;
          
           
             From
             me
             and
             mine
             ,
             to
             thee
             and
             thine
             ,
          
           
             As
             good
             ,
             and
             as
             faire
             ,
             as
             ever
             they
             mine
             wear
             .
          
           
             To
             witness
             that
             this
             is
             sooth
             ,
             I
             bite
             the
             whitewax
             with
             my
             Tooth
             .
          
           
             Before
             
               Jugg
               ,
               Maud
            
             ,
             and
             Marjery
             ,
             and
             my
             youngest
             Son
             Henry
             .
          
           
             For
             a
             Bow
             ,
             and
             a
             broad
             Arrow
             ,
             when
             I
             come
             to
             hunt
             upon
             Yarrow
             .
          
        
         
           His
           only
           wife
           was
           Mathilda
           ,
           or
           Maud
           ,
           Daughter
           
           to
           Baldwin
           the
           fifth
           ,
           surnamed
           the
           Gentle
           ,
           Earl
           of
           Flanders
           ,
           by
           whom
           he
           had
           ,
        
         
           Robert
           surnamed
           Curtois
           ,
           or
           
             Short
             Thighs
          
           ,
           who
           succeeded
           his
           Father
           in
           the
           Dutchy
           of
           Normandy
           
           whereof
           he
           was
           dispossessed
           by
           his
           Brother
           Henry
           ,
           King
           of
           England
           ,
           at
           the
           Battel
           of
           
             Ednarchbray
             ,
             Anno.
          
           1106.
           where
           being
           taken
           Prisoner
           ,
           his
           eyes
           were
           put
           out
           ,
           and
           he
           was
           sent
           to
           the
           Castle
           of
           Cardiff
           in
           Wales
           ;
           and
           after
           twenty
           years
           imprisonment
           ,
           died
           there
           .
        
         
           William
           the
           elder
           ,
           surnamed
           Miser
           ,
           who
           in
           the
           right
           of
           Queen
           Maud
           ,
           was
           Earl
           of
           Flanders
           ,
           who
           died
           six
           years
           before
           his
           Father
           .
        
         
           Richard
           was
           born
           in
           Normandy
           ,
           and
           as
           he
           was
           hunting
           in
           the
           new
           Forrest
           ,
           whilst
           he
           was
           young
           ,
           was
           slain
           by
           a
           Stag.
           
        
         
           William
           surnamed
           Rufus
           ,
           who
           succeeded
           his
           Father
           in
           the
           Kingdom
           of
           England
           .
        
         
           Henry
           surnamed
           Beau-clerk
           ,
           or
           the
           
             Fine
             Schollar
          
           ,
           
           who
           after
           his
           Brothers
           Death
           came
           to
           be
           King
           of
           England
           ,
           and
           Duke
           of
           Normandy
           .
        
         
           Cicily
           his
           eldest
           Daughter
           was
           by
           her
           Father
           made
           a
           Nun
           ,
           and
           afterwards
           was
           chosen
           Abbess
           
           in
           the
           Monastery
           built
           by
           her
           father
           in
           Caen.
           
        
         
           Constance
           his
           second
           Daughter
           ,
           was
           first
           married
           to
           Allain
           Earle
           of
           
             Little
             Britaine
          
           ,
           who
           was
           afterwards
           by
           King
           William
           made
           Earl
           of
           Richmond
           .
        
         
           Alice
           ,
           his
           third
           Daughter
           was
           married
           to
           Steven
           Earl
           of
           Bloys
           .
        
         
           Gundred
           his
           fourth
           Daughter
           was
           married
           to
           
             William
             Warren
          
           ,
           who
           was
           the
           first
           Earl
           of
           Surry
           ,
           in
           England
           .
        
         
           Ella
           his
           fifth
           Daughter
           :
           some
           say
           ,
           she
           dyed
           young
           .
        
         
           Margeret
           ,
           his
           youngest
           Daughter
           ,
           who
           was
           contracted
           to
           Alphonso
           King
           of
           Galicia
           in
           Spain
           ;
           but
           dyed
           before
           the
           marriage
           was
           consummated
           .
        
         
           There
           was
           one
           
             Randolph
             Peverel
          
           ,
           to
           whom
           Edward
           the
           Confessor
           was
           very
           bountifull
           ,
           because
           he
           had
           married
           his
           kinswoman
           ,
           the
           Daughter
           of
           Ingelrick
           ,
           a
           man
           of
           great
           Nobility
           among
           the
           
             English
             Saxons
          
           .
           A
           Lady
           of
           that
           admirable
           beauty
           ,
           that
           with
           her
           looks
           she
           conquered
           the
           Conquerour
           William
           ,
           who
           desired
           nothing
           more
           than
           to
           be
           her
           Prisoner
           in
           Armes
           ,
           which
           to
           effect
           ,
           he
           begins
           to
           express
           a
           kind
           of
           love
           to
           the
           remembrance
           of
           her
           deceased
           Father
           Ingelrick
           ,
           enriching
           the
           Colledge
           of
           
             Martins
             Le
             Grand
          
           ,
           in
           London
           ,
           first
           founded
           by
           
           him
           ,
           and
           her
           Uncle
           Edward
           .
           Then
           he
           honours
           and
           advances
           her
           two
           Brethren
           ,
           
             William
             Peverel
          
           ,
           Castellane
           ,
           or
           keeper
           of
           Dover
           Castle
           ,
           and
           
             Payne
             Peverel
          
           ,
           Baron
           of
           Bourn
           ,
           in
           Cambridgshire
           ,
           the
           Founder
           of
           Barnwell
           Abbey
           ,
           and
           Standard-bearer
           to
           Robert
           ,
           Duke
           of
           Normandy
           ,
           in
           the
           Holy
           War
           against
           the
           Infidels
           .
        
         
           He
           prefers
           her
           kindred
           and
           Friends
           :
           He
           sollicites
           her
           by
           the
           Messengers
           of
           the
           Devils
           Bedchamber
           ,
           his
           fly
           Enchanting
           Bawdes
           ,
           and
           comes
           sometimes
           himself
           (
           like
           Jupiter
           )
           in
           a
           Golden
           shower
           .
           Thus
           by
           these
           forcible
           demonstrations
           of
           his
           love
           ,
           and
           unavoidable
           allurements
           (
           especially
           from
           a
           King
           )
           she
           was
           brought
           at
           length
           to
           his
           unlawfull
           Bed
           ,
           unto
           whom
           she
           bare
           a
           Son
           named
           William
           ,
           who
           was
           Lord
           of
           Nottingham
           ,
           and
           Founder
           of
           Lenton
           Abby
           .
           The
           Lady
           his
           Mother
           (
           touched
           with
           remorse
           of
           Conscience
           for
           her
           sin
           )
           to
           expiate
           her
           guilt
           (
           for
           such
           was
           the
           Doctrine
           taught
           in
           those
           dayes
           )
           founded
           a
           College
           in
           
             Hatfield
             Peverel
          
           ,
           in
           Essex
           ,
           wherein
           ,
           setting
           apart
           all
           worldly
           imployments
           ,
           she
           spent
           the
           remainder
           of
           her
           dayes
           .
        
         
           King
           William
           ,
           having
           once
           setled
           himself
           in
           the
           Kingdom
           ,
           divided
           a
           great
           part
           of
           it
           among
           his
           followers
           :
           To
           Allen
           ,
           surnamed
           the
           Red
           ,
           Earl
           of
           Britain
           ,
           who
           came
           into
           England
           with
           him
           and
           was
           his
           Son
           in
           Law
           ,
           he
           gave
           the
           Honour
           ,
           and
           County
           of
           Edwin
           ,
           within
           the
           Province
           of
           York
           by
           his
           Charter
           in
           these
           words
           .
        
         
         
           I
           William
           (
           surnamed
           the
           Bastard
           ,
           King
           of
           England
           )
           give
           and
           grant
           to
           thee
           my
           Nephew
           Allen
           ,
           Earl
           of
           Britain
           ,
           and
           to
           thy
           Heirs
           for
           ever
           ,
           all
           those
           Villages
           ,
           Towns
           ,
           and
           Lands
           ,
           which
           were
           late
           in
           the
           possession
           of
           Earl
           Edwin
           in
           Yorkshire
           ,
           with
           Knights
           Fees
           ,
           Churches
           ,
           and
           other
           liberties
           and
           customes
           as
           freely
           and
           as
           honourably
           as
           the
           said
           Edwin
           held
           them
           .
        
         
           Given
           at
           the
           siege
           before
           
             York
             ▪
          
        
         
           FINIS
           .
        
      
    
     
       
         Notes, typically marginal, from the original text
         
           Notes for div A33327-e190
           
             His
             Pedigree
             .
          
           
             *
             or
             Rolls
             .
          
           
             His
             Birth
             and
             Parentage
             .
          
           
             He
             is
             made
             Duke
             of
             Normandy
          
           
             and
             commited
             to
             the
             French
             King.
             
          
           
             He
             comes
             into
             Normandy
             .
          
           
             His
             troubles
             by
             Competitors
             .
          
           
             The
             King
             of
             France
             against
             ▪
             him
             .
          
           
             New
             troubles
             .
          
           
             Treason
             against
             ▪
             him
             .
          
           
             A
             special
             ▪
             Providence
             .
          
           
             He
             retires
             to
             the
             French
             King.
             
          
           
             His
             Valour
             and
             Victory
             .
          
           
             His
             meekness
             .
          
           
             His
             new
             troubles
             .
          
           
             He
             recovers
             his
             Towns.
             
          
           
             His
             Valour
             .
          
           
             A
             new
             Conspiracy
             .
          
           
             He
             calls
             a
             Parlament
             
          
           
             His
             Marriage
             ▪
             
          
           
             He
             is
             envied
             by
             the
             French
             King
             ,
          
           
             who
             invades
             his
             Country
             .
          
           
             The
             French
             beaten
             .
          
           
             The
             King
             of
             France
             invades
             his
             Country
             again
             ,
          
           
             and
             is
             again
             beaten
             .
          
           
             The
             King
             of
             France
             dies
             .
          
           
             He
             goes
             into
             England
             .
          
           
             His
             preparations
             .
          
           
             His
             Policy
             
          
           
             His
             subtilty
             .
          
           
             The
             affairs
             in
             England
             .
          
           
             Herald
             made
             King
             ,
             An.
             1066.
             
          
           
             His
             prudence
             and
             policy
             .
          
           
             His
             opposition
             and
             successe
             .
          
           
             His
             victory
             .
          
           
             Duke
             William
             comes
             into
             England
             .
          
           
             His
             policy
             .
          
           
             The
             Battel
             between
             him
             and
             Herald
             .
          
           
             Their
             mutual
             valour
             .
          
           
             Herald
             slain
             .
          
           
             Englands
             sins
             .
          
           
             Duke
             Williams
             victory
             .
          
           
             His
             Progress
             .
          
           
             The
             English
             submit
             to
             him
             .
          
           
             A
             stout
             Abbot
             .
          
           
             He
             comes
             to
             London
             ;
             Is
             received
             with
             Joy.
             His
             Coronation
             .
          
           
             No
             Conquerour
             .
          
           
             His
             Prudence
             .
          
           
             The
             Kentish
             mens
             Policy
             .
          
           
             *
             or
             Fitz-Osburne
             .
          
           
             King
             William
             goes
             into
             Normandy
             .
          
           
             Returns
             into
             England
             .
          
           
             His
             Prudence
             .
             and
             Policy
             .
          
           
             The
             English
             rebel
             .
          
           
             *
             or
             Malcol●●
             .
          
           
             He
             built
             4
             Castles
             .
          
           
             Troubles
             out
             of
             Ireland
             .
          
           
             In
             the
             West
             and
             North.
             
          
           
             England
             invaded
             by
             the
             Danes
             and
             Scots
             .
          
           
             York
             burnt
             .
          
           
             King
             William
             goes
             against
             them
             .
          
           
             Woful
             devastations
             .
          
           
             The
             King
             Conquers
             .
          
           
             New
             discontents
             .
          
           
             Ely
             taken
             .
          
           
             King
             William's
             clemency
             .
          
           
             Peace
             with
             Scotland
             .
          
           
             A
             new
             Conspiracy
             .
          
           
             Discovered
             .
          
           
             Prevented
             .
          
           
             His
             son
             Robert
             rebels
             .
          
           
             Is
             reconciled
             to
             his
             Father
             .
          
           
             New-Castle
             built
             .
          
           
             Quarrels
             with
             France
             .
          
           
             The
             French
             King
             jeers
             him
             .
          
           
             His
             reveng
             .
          
           
             His
             sickness
             .
          
           
             The
             Tower
             built
             .
          
           
             England
             surveied
             .
          
           
             Dooms-day
             Book
             .
          
           
             New
             forrest
             made
             .
          
           
             Remarkable
             Judgments
             .
          
           
             The
             Laws
             in
             French
          
           
             Bishops
             Power
             abated
             .
          
           
             His
             houshold
             Provision
             .
          
           
             The
             Charter
             of
             London
             renewed
             .
          
           
             Bishops
             Sees
             Changed
             .
          
           
             his
             works
             of
             Piety
             .
          
           
             Pauls
             Church
             burnt
             .
             and
             reedified
             .
          
           
             Great
             Judgments
             .
          
           
             He
             despoiles
             the
             Monasseries
             .
          
           
             His
             last
             VVill.
             
          
           
             His
             Death
             .
          
           
             Vanity
             of
             ▪
             Vanties
             .
          
           
             His
             Charecter
             .
          
           
             His
             Wife
             .
          
           
             His
             Sons
             .
          
           
             His
             Daugters
             .