Distant Reader - author-cromwellOliver-freebo

Introduction

This is a Distant Reader "study carrel", a set of structured data intended to help the student, researcher, or scholar use & understand a corpus.

This study carrel was created on 2021-05-23 by Eric Morgan <emorgan@nd.edu>. The carrel was created using the Distant Reader zip2carrel process, and the input was a Zip file locally cached with the name input-file.zip. Documents in the Zip file have been saved in a cache, and each of them have been transformed & saved as a set of plain text files. All of the analysis -- "reading" -- has been done against these plain text files. For example, a short narrative report has been created. This Web page is a more verbose version of that report.

All study carrels are self-contained -- no Internet connection is necessary to use them. Download this carrel for offline reading. The carrel is made up of many subdirectories and data files. The manifest describes each one in greater detail.

Size

There are 36 item(s) in this carrel, and this carrel is 81,623 words long. Each item in your study carrel is, on average, 2,267 words long. If you dig deeper, then you might want to save yourself some time by reading a shorter item. On the other hand, if your desire is for more detail, then you might consider reading a longer item. The following charts illustrate the overall size of the carrel.

Readability

On a scale from 0 to 100, where 0 is very difficult and 100 is very easy, the documents have an average readability score of 84. Consequently, if you want to read something more simplistic, then consider a document with a higher score. If you want something more specialized, then consider something with a lower score. The following charts illustrate the overall readability of the carrel.

Word Frequencies

By merely counting & tabulating the frequency of individual words or phrases, you can begin to get an understanding of the carrel's "aboutness". Excluding "stop words", some of the more frequent words include:

text, shall, lord, god, england, may, will, parliament, us, early, english, men, one, time, people, protector, great, cromwell, army, day, say, things, peace, books, persons, many, highness, tcp, good, online, without, london, thomason, yet, generall, government, sir, common, also, made, horse, within, commons, wales, much, images, printed, given, end, page

Using the three most frequent words, the three files containing all of those words the most are Articles of peace, union, and confederation, concluded and agreed between His Highness, Oliver, Lord Protector of the common-wealth of England, Scotland & Ireland, and the dominions thereto belonging, and the Lords, the States General of the united Provinces of the Netherlands, old style, in the year of our Lord God, 1654, His Highnesse the Lord Protector''s two speeches to the Parliament in the Painted Chamber the one on Monday the 4. of September; the other on Tuesday the 12. of September, 1654. Taken by one who stood very near him, and published to prevent mistakes., and The transactions of several matters between Lieut: Gen: Cromwel and the Scots, for surrendring the towns of Bervvick, Carlisle, and all other garisons belonging to the kingdom of England. Together with the reason of Lieut: Gen: Cromwels entring the Kingdom of Scotland to assist the marquis of Argyle. Die Jovis, 28 Septembr. 1648. Ordered by the Commons assembled in Parliament, that the extracts of the letters of the committee at Derby-house to Lieut: General Cromwel, and the whole dispatch from Lieut: General Cromwel now reported, and the votes thereupon, be forthwith printed and published. H: Elsynge, Cler. Parl. D. Com..

The most frequent two-word phrases (bigrams) include:

early english, english books, books online, lord protector, textual changes, early works, page images, great britain, commercial purposes, fully proofread, markup reviewed, work described, tcp assigned, project evanston, defects per, stationer meant, encoded edition, creative commons, xml conversion, title catalog, metadata enrichments, text transcribed, financial support, collaborative curation, images scanned, preserves archaic, short title, based collaborative, end users, text creation, pfs batch, image set, notre dame, online text, many walks, annotation includes, batch review, enriched version, asking permission, digital transcription, proofread approx, standardized format, tcp digital, bit group, english short, archaic forms, enrichments aim, linguistically annotated, providing financial, changes aim

And the three file that use all of the three most frequent phrases are Whereas it hath pleased the Parliament in and by their Act bearing date the 14th of August 1649. concerning the excise, to appoint the generall of their forces for the time being, to order and enjoyne all collonels ... His Highnesse the Lord Protector''s two speeches to the Parliament in the Painted Chamber the one on Monday the 4. of September; the other on Tuesday the 12. of September, 1654. Taken by one who stood very near him, and published to prevent mistakes., and His Highness speech to the Parliament in the Painted Chamber at their dissolution, upon Monday the 22d. of Ianuary 1654. Published to prevent mistakes, and false copies..

While often deemed superficial or sophomoric, rudimentary frequencies and their associated "word clouds" can be quite insightful:

Keywords

Sets of keywords -- statistically significant words -- can be enumerated by comparing the relative frequency of words with the number of times the words appear in an entire corpus. Some of the most statistically significant keywords in the carrel include:

protector, parliament, lord, generall, commons, people, nation, liberty, horse, highness, government, god, england, army, westminster, wales, thomason, text, states, sir, regiment, prince, peace, oliver, ministers, london, lieutenant, laws, kingdom, ireland, house, forces, fairfax, excise, excellency, enemy, enemies, cromwell, covenant, common, committee

And now word clouds really begin to shine:

Topic Modeling

Topic modeling is another popular approach to connoting the aboutness of a corpus. If the study carrel could be summed up in a single word, then that word might be text, and By the Lord protector. Whereas by the thirtieth article of the peace ... is most about that word.

If the study carrel could be summed up in three words ("topics") then those words and their significantly associated titles include:

If the study carrel could be summed up in five topics, and each topic were each denoted with three words, then those topics and their most significantly associated files would be:

Moreover, the totality of the study carrel's aboutness, can be visualized with the following pie chart:

Noun & Verbs

Through an analysis of your study carrel's parts-of-speech, you are able to answer question beyonds aboutness. For example, a list of the most frequent nouns helps you answer what questions; "What is discussed in this collection?":

text, men, time, things, people, day, persons, books, images, page, end, changes, xml, works, peace, thing, work, person, image, hath, wealth, transcription, defects, place, man, others, part, life, words, horse, annotation, way, self, power, letter, terms, forms, order, nations, edition, walks, version, users, support, stationer, spellings, review, reuse, purposes, places

An enumeration of the verbs helps you learn what actions take place in a text or what the things in the text do. Very frequently, the most common lemmatized verbs are "be", "have", and "do"; the more interesting verbs usually occur further down the list of frequencies:

be, have, is, been, was, are, were, had, said, say, do, being, did, has, made, given, give, according, take, make, encoded, aim, taken, having, know, think, come, read, concerning, done, am, let, put, performed, sent, thought, published, making, came, owned, hath, providing, publish, hope, printed, -, support, restoring, meant, distributed

Proper Nouns

An extraction of proper nouns helps you determine the names of people and places in your study carrel.

lord, god, england, parliament, protector, cromwell, army, tcp, london, highness, thomason, sir, hath, generall, wales, commons, english, oliver, text, government, transcribed, house, scotland, wing, peace, william, ireland, commonwealth, kingdom, enemy, o., nation, lords, great, printed, lieut, britain, john, horse, st., general, fairfax, council, henry, col, ., title, officers, liberty, books

An analysis of personal pronouns enables you to answer at least two questions: 1) "What, if any, is the overall gender of my study carrel?", and 2) "To what degree are the texts in my study carrel self-centered versus inclusive?"

i, it, their, you, they, his, we, them, our, my, your, us, he, me, him, themselves, himself, yours, ours, its, theirs, one, thy, mine, her, thee, ourselves

Below are words cloud of your study carrel's proper & personal pronouns.

Adjectives & Verbs

Learning about a corpus's adjectives and adverbs helps you answer how questions: "How are things described and how are things done?" An analysis of adjectives and adverbs also points to a corpus's overall sentiment. "In general, is my study carrel positive or negative?"

other, such, many, early, great, same, english, good, common, textual, late, more, much, present, own, suitable, tractable, standardized, standard, seekest, professional, keyboarded, financial, enriched, easier, digital, commercial, collaborative, available, last, whole, first, true, proofread, markup, known, several, honest, better, honourable, due, poor, next, humble, able, particular, aforesaid, necessary, little, respective

not, so, then, also, as, more, very, up, online, now, thereof, thus, well, early, even, there, yet, fully, in, most, here, above, much, together, indeed, out, linguistically, computationally, whatsoever, therefore, on, therein, ever, about, again, onely, before, truly, too, never, down, respectively, over, all, long, only, likewise, accordingly, otherwise, first

Next steps

There is much more to a study carrel than the things outlined above. Use this page's menubar to navigate and explore in more detail. There you will find additional features & functions including: ngrams, parts-of-speech, grammars, named entities, topic modeling, a simple search interface, etc.

Again, study carrels are self-contained. Download this carrel for offline viewing and use.

Thank you for using the Distant Reader.