Distant Reader - author-cromwellRichard-freebo

Introduction

This is a Distant Reader "study carrel", a set of structured data intended to help the student, researcher, or scholar use & understand a corpus.

This study carrel was created on 2021-05-24 by Eric Morgan <emorgan@nd.edu>. The carrel was created using the Distant Reader zip2carrel process, and the input was a Zip file locally cached with the name input-file.zip. Documents in the Zip file have been saved in a cache, and each of them have been transformed & saved as a set of plain text files. All of the analysis -- "reading" -- has been done against these plain text files. For example, a short narrative report has been created. This Web page is a more verbose version of that report.

All study carrels are self-contained -- no Internet connection is necessary to use them. Download this carrel for offline reading. The carrel is made up of many subdirectories and data files. The manifest describes each one in greater detail.

Size

There are 9 item(s) in this carrel, and this carrel is 12,613 words long. Each item in your study carrel is, on average, 1,401 words long. If you dig deeper, then you might want to save yourself some time by reading a shorter item. On the other hand, if your desire is for more detail, then you might consider reading a longer item. The following charts illustrate the overall size of the carrel.

Readability

On a scale from 0 to 100, where 0 is very difficult and 100 is very easy, the documents have an average readability score of 84. Consequently, if you want to read something more simplistic, then consider a document with a higher score. If you want something more specialized, then consider something with a lower score. The following charts illustrate the overall readability of the carrel.

Word Frequencies

By merely counting & tabulating the frequency of individual words or phrases, you can begin to get an understanding of the carrel's "aboutness". Excluding "stop words", some of the more frequent words include:

text, lord, protector, highness, england, english, early, day, tcp, late, thomason, will, london, may, books, cromwell, online, within, persons, wales, god, time, peace, shall, protestant, government, works, encoded, great, one, richard, phase, images, xml, end, transcribed, page, given, places, image, parliament, markup, proclamation, proofread, aim, changes, support, papists, textual, eebo

Using the three most frequent words, the three files containing all of those words the most are A declaration of His Highness for a day of solemn fasting & humiliation., A letter written by His Highness the Prince Elector of Brandenbourgh unto His Most Serene and Illustrious Highness Richard, Lord Protector of the Common-wealth of England, Scotland, and Ireland, with the territories and dominions thereunto belonging : denoting Their Highness''s joynt-interest in the protecting and defending of the Reformed Protestant cause ..., and By the Protector. A declaration of His Highness for a day of publique fasting and humiliation..

The most frequent two-word phrases (bigrams) include:

lord protector, english books, early english, books online, textual changes, early works, henry hills, mona logarbo, john field, page images, text creation, creation partnership, work described, online text, creative commons, xml conversion, iv tiff, text transcribed, tiff page, batch review, without asking, providing financial, bit group, asking permission, financial support, commercial purposes, pfs batch, institutions providing, encoded text, protestant cause, images scanned, markup reviewed, proquest page, tcp assigned, encoded edition, image set, page image, english short, collaborative curation, dunstans church, defects per, thomason copy, includes standard, short title, computationally tractable, enriched version, metadata enrichments, linguistically annotated, tcp digital, proofread approx

And the three file that use all of the three most frequent phrases are By the Protector. A proclamation signifying His Highness pleasure, that all men being in office of government, at the decease of his most dear father, Oliver late Lord Protector, shall so continue till His Highness further direction. By the Lord Protector. A proclamation commanding all papists, and all other persons who have been of the late Kings party, or his sons, to repair unto their place of abode, and not to remove above five miles from the same., and By the Lord Protector. A proclamation commanding all papists, and all other persons who have been of the late Kings party or his sons, to depart out of the cities of London and Westminster, and late lines of communication, within three days..

While often deemed superficial or sophomoric, rudimentary frequencies and their associated "word clouds" can be quite insightful:

Keywords

Sets of keywords -- statistically significant words -- can be enumerated by comparing the relative frequency of words with the number of times the words appear in an entire corpus. Some of the most statistically significant keywords in the carrel include:

lord, highness, tcp, richard, protestant, protector, parliament, london, england

And now word clouds really begin to shine:

Topic Modeling

Topic modeling is another popular approach to connoting the aboutness of a corpus. If the study carrel could be summed up in a single word, then that word might be text, and His late Highnes''s letter to the Parlament of England. Shewing his willingness to submit to this present government: attested under his owne hand, and read in the House on Wednesday the 25th of May 1659. is most about that word.

If the study carrel could be summed up in three words ("topics") then those words and their significantly associated titles include:

If the study carrel could be summed up in five topics, and each topic were each denoted with three words, then those topics and their most significantly associated files would be:

Moreover, the totality of the study carrel's aboutness, can be visualized with the following pie chart:

Noun & Verbs

Through an analysis of your study carrel's parts-of-speech, you are able to answer question beyonds aboutness. For example, a list of the most frequent nouns helps you answer what questions; "What is discussed in this collection?":

text, day, time, works, persons, books, xml, images, end, page, image, changes, annotation, work, year, transcription, people, proclamation, printers, places, others, defects, life, keying, eebo, edition, users, texts, purposes, place, markup, highness, government, doth, words, things, terms, support, sheet, review, reuse, phase, pfs, permission, microfilm, kings, kb, institutions, humiliation, group

An enumeration of the verbs helps you learn what actions take place in a text or what the things in the text do. Very frequently, the most common lemmatized verbs are "be", "have", and "do"; the more interesting verbs usually occur further down the list of frequencies:

be, is, have, are, been, said, do, were, was, encoded, has, given, being, aim, read, had, aforesaid, according, take, made, did, based, printed, performed, -, set, scanned, reviewed, publish, providing, owned, modified, making, edited, distributed, described, copied, coded, co, assigned, asking, tokenized, support, sold, restoring, proofread, preserves, meant, make, includes

Proper Nouns

An extraction of proper nouns helps you determine the names of people and places in your study carrel.

lord, protector, highness, england, tcp, thomason, london, cromwell, wales, god, english, text, richard, protestant, peace, parliament, transcribed, commonwealth, r., hath, ◆, westminster, mona, logarbo, king, john, hills, henry, government, field, wing, proquest, phase, partnership, papists, house, hall, creation, church, april, white, online, great, father, council, universal, tiff, scotland, sampled, qc

An analysis of personal pronouns enables you to answer at least two questions: 1) "What, if any, is the overall gender of my study carrel?", and 2) "To what degree are the texts in my study carrel self-centered versus inclusive?"

his, their, i, they, them, he, you, we, our, it, my, your, him, me, us, themselves, she, its, himself, her, whereof, thy, thee

Below are words cloud of your study carrel's proper & personal pronouns.

Adjectives & Verbs

Learning about a corpus's adjectives and adverbs helps you answer how questions: "How are things described and how are things done?" An analysis of adjectives and adverbs also points to a corpus's overall sentiment. "In general, is my study carrel positive or negative?"

late, other, early, such, same, english, textual, many, present, great, available, suitable, own, proofread, keyboarded, good, financial, commercial, tractable, standardized, standard, seekest, professional, enriched, easier, digital, collaborative, pleased, markup, like, true, solemn, necessary, much, further, twentieth, least, due, dear, common, tenth, several, serene, second, right, most, more, known, greater, whole

not, so, online, then, most, more, early, as, even, now, next, well, fully, above, therefore, linguistically, computationally, thereof, only, out, rather, likewise, especially, yet, up, thereby, never, in, also, very, together, still, much, long, ill, formerly, earnestly, again, abroad, willingly, utterly, usually, unto, too, thereupon, therein, there, sadly, respectively, over

Next steps

There is much more to a study carrel than the things outlined above. Use this page's menubar to navigate and explore in more detail. There you will find additional features & functions including: ngrams, parts-of-speech, grammars, named entities, topic modeling, a simple search interface, etc.

Again, study carrels are self-contained. Download this carrel for offline viewing and use.

Thank you for using the Distant Reader.