author-foxGeorge-freebo
Introduction
This is a Distant Reader "study carrel", a set of structured data intended to help the student, researcher, or scholar use & understand a corpus.
This study carrel was created on 2021-05-23 by Eric Morgan <emorgan@nd.edu>. The carrel was created using the Distant Reader zip2carrel process, and the input was a Zip file locally cached with the name input-file.zip. Documents in the Zip file have been saved in a cache, and each of them have been transformed & saved as a set of plain text files. All of the analysis -- "reading" -- has been done against these plain text files. For example, a short narrative report has been created. This Web page is a more verbose version of that report.
All study carrels are self-contained -- no Internet connection is necessary to use them. Download this carrel for offline reading. The carrel is made up of many subdirectories and data files. The manifest describes each one in greater detail.
Size
There are 42 item(s) in this carrel, and this carrel is 677,383 words long. Each item in your study carrel is, on average, 16,128 words long. If you dig deeper, then you might want to save yourself some time by reading a shorter item. On the other hand, if your desire is for more detail, then you might consider reading a longer item. The following charts illustrate the overall size of the carrel.
Readability
On a scale from 0 to 100, where 0 is very difficult and 100 is very easy, the documents have an average readability score of 94. Consequently, if you want to read something more simplistic, then consider a document with a higher score. If you want something more specialized, then consider something with a lower score. The following charts illustrate the overall readability of the carrel.
Word Frequencies
By merely counting & tabulating the frequency of individual words or phrases, you can begin to get an understanding of the carrel's "aboutness". Excluding "stop words", some of the more frequent words include:
god, christ, spirit, one, light, lord, man, will, say, may, us, men, people, now, words, world, saith, things, come, answ, word, ye, see, power, shall, life, many, doth, new, true, jesus, truth, know, scripture, quakers, scriptures, art, made, yet, apostles, forth, faith, without, must, called, saints, within, england, false, like
Using the three most frequent words, the three files containing all of those words the most are A New-England-fire-brand quenched being something in answer unto a lying, slanderous book, entituled, George Fox digged out of his burrows, &c. printed at Boston in the year 1676, of one Roger Williams of Providence in New-England ... : of a dispute upon XIV, of his proposals held and debated betwixt him, the said Roger Williams, on the one part, and John Stubs, William Edmundson, and John Burnyeat on the other at Providence and Newport in Rode-Island, in the year 1672 where his proposals are turn''d upon his own head, and there and here he was and is sufficiently confuted : in two parts : as also, something in answer to R.W.''s Appendix, &c. with a post-script confuting his blasphemous assertions ... : also, the letters of W. Coddington of Rode-Island, and R. Scot of Providence in New-England concerning R.W. and lastly, some testimonies of ancient & modern authors concerning the light, Scriptures, rule & the soul of men / by George Fox and John Burnyeat., Some principles of the elect people of God in scorn called Quakers, and Truth''s defence against the refined subtilty of the serpent held forth in divers answers to severall queries made by men (called ministers) in the North. Given forth by the light and power of God appearing in George Fox and Richard Hubberthorn.
The most frequent two-word phrases (bigrams) include:
christ jesus, jesus christ, may see, every man, lord jesus, english books, early english, books online, every one, lord god, holy ghost, apostle saith, one another, christ saith, holy spirit, called quakers, text creation, creation partnership, george fox, page images, new covenant, christ within, take heed, false prophets, england priests, reader see, brought forth, light within, made manifest, living god, given forth, true church, gave forth, reader may, taken away, holy men, characters represented, represented either, tcp schema, image sets, ye may, right hand, true lord, apostle say, god will, true christians, financial support, images scanned, tiff page, proquest page
And the three file that use all of the three most frequent phrases are A Short relation concerning the life and death of that man of God, and faithful minister of Jesus Christ, William Simpson, who laid down his body in the island of Barbadoes the eight day of the twelfth month, M DC LXX Several papers some of them given forth by George Fox; others by Jame [sic] Nayler, minister of the eternal word of God, raised up after the long night of apostacy to direct the world, to wait for the revelation of Jesus Christ, and to turn their minds to the true light, that they may be reconciled to God; of the world is not worthy, and therefore doth hate, persecute, and whom inprison them, under the name of Quaker[s]. Gathered together and published by A. P. that the truth may be spread abroad, and deceit be discovered. Wherein the plain, honest, and sober conversation of the saints in fear and trembling, is justified, against the idle bablings of formal professors ... and of all sorts of persons, under pretence of civility. Also the priests of England, with their imaginary doctrines and worships discovered to be the grand enemies of Jesus Christ; and the true worship of God in spirit and truth made manifest. ... With a word to the people of England ..., and Hidden things brought to light, or, The discord of the grand Quakers among themselves discovered in some letters, papers and passages written to and from George Fox, James Nayler, and John Perrott : wherein may be seen the cause and ground of their differences and falling out and what manner of spirit moved and acted each of them..
While often deemed superficial or sophomoric, rudimentary frequencies and their associated "word clouds" can be quite insightful:
Keywords
Sets of keywords -- statistically significant words -- can be enumerated by comparing the relative frequency of words with the number of times the words appear in an entire corpus. Some of the most statistically significant keywords in the carrel include:
god, tcp, lord, christ, spirit, light, life, law, scripture, man, father, devil, world, word, truth, saints, power, men, scriptures, quakers, prophets, priest, people, nations, letter, king, jesus, friends, earth, city, christians, book, apostle, woman, ver, universal, tythes, tyth, tongues, thy, thou, thomas, thee, testimony, teachers, speak, soul, son, singular, sheep
And now word clouds really begin to shine:
Topic Modeling
Topic modeling is another popular approach to connoting the aboutness of a corpus. If the study carrel could be summed up in a single word, then that word might be thou, and Good counsel and advice rejected by disobedient men and the dayes of Oliver Cromwells visitation passed over, and also of Richard Cromwel his son ... is most about that word.
If the study carrel could be summed up in three words ("topics") then those words and their significantly associated titles include:
- thou - A battle-door for teachers & professors to learn singular & plural you to many, and thou to one, singular one, thou, plural many, you : wherein is shewed ... how several nations and people have made a distinction between singular and plural, and first, in the former part of this book, called The English battle-door, may be seen how several people have spoken singular and plural...: also in this book is set forth examples of the singular and plural about thou, and you, in several languages, divided into distinct Battle-Doors, or formes, or examples; English Latine, Italian, Greek, Hebrew, Chaldee, Syriack, Arabick ... and how emperors and others have used the singular word to one, and how the word you came first from the Pope, likewise some examples, in the Polonian, Lithuanian, Irish and East-Indian, together with ... Swedish, Turkish ... tongues : in the latter part of this book are contained severall bad unsavory words, gathered forth of certain school-books, which have been taught boyes in Enland ... / George Fox, John Stubs, Benjamin Farley.
- god - The papists strength, principles, and doctrines (which they are sworn to preach, from the Councel of Trent, by the Popes authority, and after confirmed by the last General Assembly at Rouen, 1571, all which they have sworn to perform) answered and confuted furthermore their principles and doctrines answered and confuted, as they were laid down in two or three severall papers, by R.W. papist, lately sent from Holland : also a challenge to the pope and all his adherents to choose out of all his dominions some cardinals, fryers, or Jesuits to try their bread and wine, after consecration (by watching on their side and on our side) to prove that if afterward they have consecrated it, whether the bread and wine doth not loose its taste and savour, and so not the body and blood of Christ : also a paper to all them that fast and afflict themselves who are in the will-worship and voluntary humility : also some quæries to all the papists upon earth to be answered in writing and sent to them, which all sects upon the earth call Quakers / by George Fox.
- thou - Truth''s defence against the refined subtilty of the serpent held forth in divers answers to severall queries made by men (called ministers) in the North. Given forth by the light and power of God appearing in George Fox and Richard Hubberthorn
If the study carrel could be summed up in five topics, and each topic were each denoted with three words, then those topics and their most significantly associated files would be:
- thou, christ, god - A New-England-fire-brand quenched being something in answer unto a lying, slanderous book, entituled, George Fox digged out of his burrows, &c. printed at Boston in the year 1676, of one Roger Williams of Providence in New-England ... : of a dispute upon XIV, of his proposals held and debated betwixt him, the said Roger Williams, on the one part, and John Stubs, William Edmundson, and John Burnyeat on the other at Providence and Newport in Rode-Island, in the year 1672 where his proposals are turn''d upon his own head, and there and here he was and is sufficiently confuted : in two parts : as also, something in answer to R.W.''s Appendix, &c. with a post-script confuting his blasphemous assertions ... : also, the letters of W. Coddington of Rode-Island, and R. Scot of Providence in New-England concerning R.W. and lastly, some testimonies of ancient & modern authors concerning the light, Scriptures, rule & the soul of men / by George Fox and John Burnyeat.
- god, christ, lord - The preface, being a summary account of the divers dispensations of God to men from the beginning of the world to that of our present age, by the ministry and testimony of his faithful servant George Fox, as an introduction to the ensuing journal.
- thou, thy, thee - Truth''s defence against the refined subtilty of the serpent held forth in divers answers to severall queries made by men (called ministers) in the North. Given forth by the light and power of God appearing in George Fox and Richard Hubberthorn
- thou, say, singular - A battle-door for teachers & professors to learn singular & plural you to many, and thou to one, singular one, thou, plural many, you : wherein is shewed ... how several nations and people have made a distinction between singular and plural, and first, in the former part of this book, called The English battle-door, may be seen how several people have spoken singular and plural...: also in this book is set forth examples of the singular and plural about thou, and you, in several languages, divided into distinct Battle-Doors, or formes, or examples; English Latine, Italian, Greek, Hebrew, Chaldee, Syriack, Arabick ... and how emperors and others have used the singular word to one, and how the word you came first from the Pope, likewise some examples, in the Polonian, Lithuanian, Irish and East-Indian, together with ... Swedish, Turkish ... tongues : in the latter part of this book are contained severall bad unsavory words, gathered forth of certain school-books, which have been taught boyes in Enland ... / George Fox, John Stubs, Benjamin Farley.
- man, soul, ye - Apokrypta apokalypta velata quædam revelata : some certain, hidden, or vailed spiritual verities revealed : upon occasion of various very prying and critical queries concerning God, the devil, and man, as to his body, soul, and spirit, Heaven, Hell, Judgement &c : propounded to George Fox, John Perrot, Samuel Fisher : and after that (with a complaint for want of, and stricter urgency for an answer) re-propounded to Edward Burroughs : by two persons, choosing to notifie themselves to us no other way then by these two unwonted (if not self-assumed) titles, viz. Livinus Theodorus, and Sabina Neriah : which truths (as there inspired by the spirit of God) are here expired in love to the souls of men / from ... Samuel Fisher.
Moreover, the totality of the study carrel's aboutness, can be visualized with the following pie chart:
Noun & Verbs
Through an analysis of your study carrel's parts-of-speech, you are able to answer question beyonds aboutness. For example, a list of the most frequent nouns helps you answer what questions; "What is discussed in this collection?":
man, light, people, words, things, men, p., scriptures, scripture, answ, self, truth, world, power, saints, life, day, hath, art, time, word, saith, thy, doth, thee, sin, spirit, text, faith, body, page, thing, end, name, way, blood, others, works, heart, place, work, none, apostles, death, hearts, selves, nothing, images, woman, one
An enumeration of the verbs helps you learn what actions take place in a text or what the things in the text do. Very frequently, the most common lemmatized verbs are "be", "have", and "do"; the more interesting verbs usually occur further down the list of frequencies:
is, be, are, was, have, do, were, say, had, said, did, come, see, know, made, been, called, let, make, being, speak, thou, put, read, take, taken, hath, give, given, according, deny, set, believe, came, done, call, own, brought, go, dost, gave, sent, hear, saith, bring, ''s, prove, written, doth, concerning
Proper Nouns
An extraction of proper nouns helps you determine the names of people and places in your study carrel.
◊, 〉, 〈, thou, god, christ, spirit, r., w., lord, c., g., f., say''st, jesus, hath, ye, new, quakers, england, word, pag, man, world, light, devil, apostles, father, hast, john, church, holy, law, power, life, english, heaven, priests, tcp, faith, papists, book, thee, singular, apostle, son, plural, men, answ, gospel
An analysis of personal pronouns enables you to answer at least two questions: 1) "What, if any, is the overall gender of my study carrel?", and 2) "To what degree are the texts in my study carrel self-centered versus inclusive?"
it, his, he, they, you, them, their, him, we, i, thy, your, us, our, thee, me, my, himself, themselves, her, its, she, ye, one, ours, theirs, mine, yours, thyself, ourselves, hers, yourselves, ya, u, s, ay, thou, thee''d, hh, can''st, au, ''s, ●, yourself, y, whereof, wax, wa, ty, rhey
Below are words cloud of your study carrel's proper & personal pronouns.
Adjectives & Verbs
Learning about a corpus's adjectives and adverbs helps you answer how questions: "How are things described and how are things done?" An analysis of adjectives and adverbs also points to a corpus's overall sentiment. "In general, is my study carrel positive or negative?"
such, own, many, true, same, false, other, good, more, great, first, worth, saith, contrary, much, early, singular, pure, evil, poor, high, english, dead, outward, perfect, old, proud, holy, manifest, full, doth, last, free, dark, cometh, wicked, second, plural, carnal, whole, heavenly, little, spiritual, faithful, least, clear, new, available, natural, several
not, so, then, now, up, here, forth, therefore, never, out, ever, yet, again, also, down, as, more, in, away, well, there, even, all, only, thus, very, most, over, together, off, first, often, on, much, before, at, that, no, far, is, truly, above, too, long, saith, onely, just, further, freely, sometimes
Next steps
There is much more to a study carrel than the things outlined above. Use this page's menubar to navigate and explore in more detail. There you will find additional features & functions including: ngrams, parts-of-speech, grammars, named entities, topic modeling, a simple search interface, etc.
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