The vanity of thovghts discovered with their danger and cvre. By Tho: Goodvvin, B.D. Goodwin, Thomas, 1600-1680. 1638 Approx. 97 KB of XML-encoded text transcribed from 72 1-bit group-IV TIFF page images. Text Creation Partnership, Ann Arbor, MI ; Oxford (UK) : 2008-09 (EEBO-TCP Phase 1). A72189 STC 12044 ESTC S122604 99899081 99899081 150618 This keyboarded and encoded edition of the work described above is co-owned by the institutions providing financial support to the Early English Books Online Text Creation Partnership. This Phase I text is available for reuse, according to the terms of Creative Commons 0 1.0 Universal . The text can be copied, modified, distributed and performed, even for commercial purposes, all without asking permission. Early English books online. (EEBO-TCP ; phase 1, no. A72189) Transcribed from: (Early English Books Online ; image set 150618) Images scanned from microfilm: (Early English books, 1475-1640 ; 1959:4) The vanity of thovghts discovered with their danger and cvre. By Tho: Goodvvin, B.D. Goodwin, Thomas, 1600-1680. [8], 133, [3] p. printed by M[iles]. F[lesher]. for R. Dawlman, and L. Fawne, at the signe of the Brazen Serpent in Pauls Church-yard, London : 1638. Printer's name from STC. Cf. Folger catalogue, which gives signatures: A-F¹² . Running title reads: The vanitie of thoughts. With a final imprimatur leaf. Reproduction of original in the Henry E. Huntington Library and Art Gallery, San Marino, California. Created by converting TCP files to TEI P5 using tcp2tei.xsl, TEI @ Oxford. Re-processed by University of Nebraska-Lincoln and Northwestern, with changes to facilitate morpho-syntactic tagging. 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Meditation -- Christianity -- Early works to 1800. 2007-09 TCP Assigned for keying and markup 2007-10 Aptara Keyed and coded from ProQuest page images 2007-11 Elspeth Healey Sampled and proofread 2007-11 Elspeth Healey Text and markup reviewed and edited 2008-02 pfs Batch review (QC) and XML conversion THE VANITY OF THOVGHTS DISCOVERED : WITH THEIR DANGER AND CVRE : BY THO : GOODVVIN , B. D. LONDON , Printed by M. F. for R. Dawlman , and L. Fawne , at the signe of the Brazen Serpent in Pauls Church-yard . 1638. The Contents of the Booke . THe Heart compared to a house of common resort , Pag. 1 , 2. The Heart must be washt , not swept only , 3 , 4 Wee must not lie downe with uncleane Thoughts , 5 , 6 The vanity of our Thoughts , 7 , 8 What is meant by Thoughts , 8 , 9 , 12 , 13 , 15 Their frame , or how conceived , 15 , 16 When ours , and not the devils , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 How evill thoughts oft-times are punishments of the neglect of our Thoughts , 18 , 19 , &c. Vanity what ; and how diversly taken , 20 1 , For unprofitablenesse , 20 , 21 2. For lightnesse , 22 , 23 3. For folly , 23 4. For inconstancy and frailty , 23 , 24 5. For wickednesse and sinfulnesse , ●● Thoughts are sins , 25 7. Reasons for it . 1. The Law judgeth them so , 25 2. They are capable of pardon 25 3. They are to be repented of , 26 4. They defile the man , 26 , 27 5. They are abominable to the Lord , 27 6. They hinder all good , 27 , 28 7. They are the first motioners of all evill , 28 , 29 A Heart sanctified , will ( out of all objects that are put into the Thoughts ) distill holy and usefull medirations , 31 , 32 The vanity and sinfulnesse of the minde appeares in an unwillingnesse to entertaine holy meditations , 37 What a hardnesse there is to holy meditations , 39 , 40 How little while we are intent in them , 41 Not stedfast , but like one looking on a Star thorow an Optique-glasse , held with a Palsie hand , 43 We must watch , and that chiefly in Prayer , 45 , 46 The vanity of mind in good things , is , To thinke of them unseasonably , 46 , 47 , 48 The difference of Christs , and Adams , and our Thoughts , 49 Of the positive vanity of our thoughts , and whereby it discovereth it selfe , 50 , 51 And this is seen in 5. things . 1. It its Foolishnesse , 51 2. In its Independency , 54 3. In its Curiosity , 62 4. In its taking thought to fulfill the lusts of the flesh , 71 5. In its representing and acting over sins in our thoughts , 74 This representation of our sinnes to our thoughts doth 3. things , 1. It maketh the heart of man vaine and empty , 76 2. It maketh our desires impatient , 78 3. It maketh them sinfull and corrupt , 79 The seeming comforts which men have in speculative enjoying of pleasures , appeare In three things , 1. In things present ; 80 2 , In things past , 83 3. In things future , 8● A sure way whereby to know our naturall inclinations , 101 , 102. The Vses of the Discovery of the vanity of our Thoughts , 102 Vse . 1. To be humbled for them , 102 , &c. The Reasons why wee should be humbled for them , 104 , 105 Vse . 2. To make conscience of them , 109 , 110 The Reasons why , 111 , 112 , &c. Remedies against vaine Thoughts , à p. 116 ad finem . The Scriptures that are inlightned in this Treatise . Gen. 6. 5. pag. 10. 40. 14. 10 Exod 18. 18. 153 Deut. 6. 67. 121 , &c. 1 Sam. 9. 5. 10 , 11 2 Sam. 15. 4. 96 Iob 6. 3. 106 17. 11. 41 20. 2 , 3. 12 21. 1● . 38 Psal . 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 124 , 125 50. 18. 96 , 97 62. 9. 22 92. 1 , 2 , 5 , 6. 34 138. 17. 21 139. 17. 126 144. 4. 23 Prov. 6. 14. 15 , 119 6. 22. 13 16. 3 136 16. 30. 42 17. 22. 51 , 52 30. 21. 102 , 103 Eccles . ● . 1 , 2 , 3 ▪ pag. 20 9. 10. 132 Isay 32. 7. 72 , 73 56. 12. 85 66. 18. 9 Jer. 31. 19. 103 Matth. 13. 35. 118 15. 18. 71 Mark. 7. 22. ● , 21 13. 33. 45 Luke 10. 40 135 Acts 17. 21. 68 Rom 3 ▪ 19. 103 13. ult . 71 1 Cor. 4. 5. 116 Ephes . 4. 26. 5 1 Tim. 5. 13. 132 Hebr. 12. 13. 53 Iam. 4. 13. 85 THE VANITY OF THOVGHTS . JEREM. 4. 14. How long shall thy vaine thoughts lodge within thee ? IN these words hee compares the heart unto some house of common resort , made as it were with many and large roomes to entertaine and lodge multitudes of Guests in ; into which , before conversion , all the vaine , light , wanton , prophane , dissolute thoughts , that poste up and downe the World ( as your thoughts doe ) and runne riot all the day , have free , open accesse , the heart keeps open house to them , gives them willing , cheerfull welcome , and entertainment ; accompanies , them , travels o're all the world for the daintiest pleasures to feed them with ; Lodgeth , harbours them , and there they , like unruly Gallants , and roysters , lodge , and revell it day and night , and defile those roomes they lodge in , with their loathsome filth and vomits . How long , sayes the Lord , shall they lodge therein ? Whilst I with my Spirit , my Sonne , and traine of graces , stand at the doore and knock , Rev. 3. 20. and cannot finde admittance ; of all which filthinesse , &c. the Heart this house must be washed ; wash thy heart from wickednesse . Washt , not swept onely of grosser evills ( as Matth. 12. 43. the house , ( the uncleane spirit re-enters into ) is said to bee swept of evills that lay loose and uppermost ) but washt , and clensed of those defilements which sticke more close , and are incorporated , and wrought in , into the Spirit . And 2. those vaine and unruly guests must bee turned out of doores , without any warning , they have staid there long enough ; too long ; How long ? and the time past may suffice , as the Apostle speaks , they must lodge there no more . The house , the soule is not in conversion to bee puld downe , but onely these guests turned out ; and though kept out they cannot be , they will still enter whilst wee are in these houses of clay , yet lodge they must not : if thoughts of anger and revenge come in , in the morning or day time , they must bee turned out e're night , Let not the Sunne goe downe upon your wrath , Ephes . 4. 26. For so you may come to lodge yet a worser guest in your heart with them : Give not place to the Devil , ( for it followes ) who will bring seven worse with him . If uncleane thoughts offer to come to bed to thee , when thou liest downe , let them not lodge with thee . To conclude , it is not what thoughts are in your hearts , and passe through them , as what lodging they have , that doth difference your repentance : many good thoughts and motions may passe , as Strangers thorow a bad mans heart ; and so likewise multitudes of vaine thoughts may make a thorow-fare of a beleevers heart , and disturbe him in good duties , by knocking 's and interruptions , and breakings in upon the heart of a good man ; but still they lodge not there ; are not fostered , harboured . My scope in our ordinary course is , to discover the wickednesse and vanitie of the heart by nature : in the heart we are yet but in the upper parts of it , the understanding , and the defilements thereof , which are to bee washt out of it , and the next defilement , which in my broken order I meane to handle , is that which is here specified , the vanity of your thoughts : for the discovery sake of which onely , I chose this Text , as my ground ; That is it , therefore , which I will chiefly insist upon . A subject which , I confesse , would prove of all else the vastest . To make an exact particular discovery of the vanities in our thoughts , to travell over the whole Creation , and to take a survey , and give an account of all that vanity abounds in all the creatures , was ( as you know ) the taske of the wisest of men , Solomon ; the flowre of his studies and labours : But the vanitie of our thoughts , are as multiplied much in us ; this little world affoords more varieties of vanities , than the Great . Our thoughts made the creatures subject to vanitie , Rom. 8. 20. therfore themselves are subject to vanity much more . In handling of them I will shew you , 1. What is meant by Thoughts . 2. What by vanity . 3. That our thoughts are vaine . 4. Wherein that vanity doth consist , both in the generall , and some particulars . First , what is meant by thoughts , especially as they are the intended subject of this discourse , which in so vast an argument I must necessarily set limits unto : 1. By thoughts , the Scriptures do comprehend all the internall acts of the minde of man , of what faculty soever , all those reasonings , consultations , purposes , resolutions , intents , ends , desires , and cares of the minde of man , as opposed to our external words and actions , so Isay 66. 18. All acts are divided into those two , I know their workes and their thoughts : what is transacted within the minde , is called the thoughts ; what thereof do manifest themselves , and breake out in actions , are called workes . And so Genes . 6. 5. Every imagination of the thoughts , ( omne figmentum ) all the creatures the minde frames within it selfe , purposes , desires , &c. ( as it is noted in the margin ) are evill ; where by thoughts are understood all that comes within the minde , ( as Ezech. 11. 5. the phrase is ) and so indeed we vulgarly use it , and understand it , so To remember a man , is , to thinke of him , Gen. 40. 14. to have purposed a thing , we say , I thought to doe it . To take care about a businesse , is to take thought , 1 Sam. 9. 5. And the reason , why all may thus bee called the thoughts , is , because indeed all affections , desires , purposes , are stirred up by thoughts , bred , fomented , and nourished by them : no one thought passeth , but it stirreth some affection of feare , joy , care , grief , &c. No , although they are thus largely taken here , yet I intend not to handle the vanity of them in so large a sense at present : I must confine my selfe , as strictly as may be , to the vanity of that , which is more properly called the thinking , meditating , considering power of man , which is in his understanding or spirit , that being the subject I have in hand : Thoughts not being in this sense opposed onely to your workes , but unto purposes and intents , so Hebr. 4. 12. as the soule and spirit , so thoughts and intents seeme to bee opposed . And Iob 20. 2 , 3. Thoughts are appropriated to the Spirit of understanding . And againe yet more strictly , for in the understanding I meane not to speake of , generally , all thoughts therein , neither , as not of the reasonings or deliberations in our actions : but those musings onely in the Speculative part . And so , I can no otherwise expresse them to you , than thus . Those same first , more simple conceits , apprehensions that arise ; those fancies , meditations , which the understanding by the helpe of fancy frames within it selfe of things ; those whereon your mindes ponder and pore , and muse upon things , these I meane by thoughts , I meane those talkings of our mindes with the things wee know , as the Scripture calls it , Prov. 6. 22. those same parleys , enterviews , chattings , the minde hath with the things let into it , with the things wee feare , with the things wee love . For all these things our mindes make their companions , and our thoughts hold them discourse , and have a thousand conceits about them ; this I meane by thoughts . For besides that reasoning power , deliberating power , whereby wee aske our selves continually , what shall wee doe ? and whereby wee reason and discusse things , which is a more inward closet , the Cabinet and privie councell of the heart , there is a more outward lodging , that presence chamber , which entertaines all commers , which is the thinking , meditating , musing power in man , which suggesteth matter for deliberations , and consultations , and reasonings , which holds the objects till we view them , which entertaineth all that come to speake with any of our affections . 2. I adde , which the minde frames within it self , so the Scripture expresseth their originall to us , and their maner of rising , Prov. 6. 14. Frowardnesse is in his heart , fabricatur , hee forgeth mischiefe , as a Smith doth Iron , hammers it out : and the thoughts are the materialls of this frowardnesse in us ; upon all the things which are presented to us , the minde begets some thoughts , imaginations on them ; and as lusts , so thoughts are conceived , Iames 1. Isay 59. 4. They conceive mischiefe , and bring forth iniquitie , and hatch Cochatrice egges , and weave Spiders webbes . And verse 7. hee instanceth in thoughts of iniquity , because our thoughts are spunne out of our owne hearts , are egges of our owne laying , though the things presented to us bee from without . And this I adde to sever them from such thoughts as are injected , and cast in , onely from without ▪ which are children of anothers begetting , and often laid out of doores : such as are blasphemous thoughts cast in by Satan , wherein if the soule bee meerely passive , ( as the word Buffeting implies , 2 Cor. 12. 7. ) they are none of your thoughts , but his ; wherein a man is but as one in a roome with another , where he heares another sweare and curse , but cannot get out from him ; such thoughts , if they bee onely from without , defile not a man. For nothing defiles a man , but what comes from within , Matth. 15. 18 , 19. or which the heart hath begotten upon it by the devil , as thoughts of uncleannes , &c. Wherein though he be the father , yet the heart is the mother and wombe ; and therfore accordingly they affect the heart , as naturall children doe , and by that wee may distinguish them from the other , namely , when we have a soft heart , an inward love unto them , so that our hearts doe kisse the childe , then they are our thoughts , or else when the heart broods upon these egges , then they are our thoughts , though they come from without . Though this is to bee added , that even those thoughts , wherein the soule is passive , and which Satan casts in , which wee do no wayes owne , wherein hee ravisheth the heart , rather than begets them on us , ( if there bee not any consent to them in us , then it is but a Rape , as in law it is not ) I yeeld those thoughts are punishments often of neglect of our thoughts , and of our suffering them to wander ; as Dinah , because she went cunningly out , to view the Daughters of the land , was taken and ravish't , though against her will : yet it was a punishment of her curiosity : or else they are the punishment of the neglect of good motions of the spirit ; which resisting , we thereby grieve him , and so he deales with us , as wee with our children , suffers us to bee scared with bug-beares , and to bee grieved by Satan , that wee may learne what it is to neglect him , and harbour vanity . Lastly , I adde , which the minde , in and by it selfe , or by the helpe of fancy , thus begets and entertaines , because there are no thoughts or likenesses of things at any time in our fancies , but at the same time they are in the understanding also reflected unto it : As when two Looking-glasses are placed opposite and nigh each to other , looke what species appeares in the one , doe also in the other . Secondly , let us see what vanity is , take it in all the acceptations of it ; It is true of our thoughts that they are vaine . 1. It is taken for unprofitableness . So Eccles . 1. 2 , 3. All is vanitie , because there is no profit in them under the Sunne , such are our thoughts by nature , the wisest of them will not stand us in any stead in time of need , in time of temptation , distresse of conscience , day of death or Judgement , 1 Corin. 2. 6. All the wisedome of the wise comes to nought , Pro. 10. 20. The heart of the wicked is little worth , not a penny for them all , whereas the thoughts of a godly man are his treasure : Out of the good treasure of his heart , hee brings them forth . He mints them , and they are laid up as his riches . Psal . 138. 17. How pretious are they ? he there speakes of our thoughts of God , as the object of them thy thoughts , that is , ( of thee ) are precious . 2. Vanitie is taken for lightnesse . Lighter than vanity is a phrase used , Psal . 62. 9. and whom is it spoken of ? of men , and if any thing in them be lighter than other , it is their thoughts which swim in the uppermost parts , float at the top , is as the scum of the heart ; when all the best and wisest , and deepest , and solidest thoughts in Balthazar a Prince , were weighed , they were found too light , Dan. 5. 17. 3. Vanity is put for folly . So Prov. 12. 11. Vaine men , is made all one with men void of understanding . Such are our thoughts among other evills which are said to come out of the heart , Mark. 7. 22. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 is reckoned as one , foolishnesse , that is , thoughts that are such as mad men have , and fooles , nothing to the purpose , of which there can bee made no use , which a man knowes not whence they should come , nor whither they would , without dependance . 4. It is put for Inconstancy , and frailty , therefore vanity and a shadow are made Synonomaes , Psal . 144. 4. such are our thoughts , flitting and perishing , as bubbles , Ps . 146. 4 All their thoughts perish . Lastly , they are vaine , that is , indeed , wicked and sinfull ; vanity in the Text here , is yoaked with wickedness : and vaine men , and sonnes of Belial are all one , 2 Chron. 13. 17. And such are our thoughts by nature . Prov. 24. 9. The thought of foolishnesse is sinne . And therefore a man is to bee humbled for a proud thought , Prov. 30. 32. For so laying hand on the mouth is taken , as Iob 39. 37. for being vile in a mans owne eyes . And because this is the sense I chiefly must insist on , in handling the vanity of the thoughts , and also men usually thinke that thoughts are free ; I will therefore prove this to you , which is the onely Doctrine raised , that Thoughts are sinnes . 1. The Law judgeth them , Hebr. 4. 12. rebukes a man for them , 1 Cor. 14. 25. and therefore they are transgressions of the Law : and so also did Christ rebuke the Pharisees for their ill thoughts , Mat. 9. 4. which argues the excellency of the Law , that reacheth thoughts . 2. Because they are Capable of pardon , and must be pardoned , or wee cannot be saved , Acts 8. 22. which argues the multitudes of Gods compassions , seeing thoughts are so infinite . 3. They are to bee repented of , yea repentance is expressed , as to begin at them . So Esay 55. 7. Let the unrighteous man for sake his thoughts ; and a man is never truely and throughly wrought on , ( as 2 Cor. 10. 4 , 5. ) till every thought be brought into obedience ; which argues that they are naturally rebellious , and contrary to grace . And this also argueth the Power of grace , which is able to rule and to subdue so great an Army as our thoughts are , and command them all , as one day it will doe , when wee are perfectly holy . 4. They defile the man : which nothing defiles but sinne , Matt. 15. 15 , 16 , 17. Out of the heart proceed evill thoughts , these defile the man. 5. They are an abomination to the Lord , who hates nothing but sinne , and whose pure eyes can endure to behold no iniquity , Prov. 15. 16. as good Meditations are acceptable , Psal . 25. ult . so by the rule of contrary , bad are abominable . 6. They hinder all good wee should doe , and spoile our best performances . Vaine thoughts draw the heart away in them , that when a man should draw nigh to God , his Heart , by reason of his thoughts , is farre off from him , Esay 29. 16. A mans heart goes after his covetousnesse , when hee should heare , as the Prophet speakes , because his thoughts thus run . Now nothing else but sinne could separate , and what doth estrange us from God , is sinne , and enmity to him . 7. Our thoughts are the first motioners of all the evill in us . For they make the motion , and also bring the heart and object together ; are panders to our lusts , hold up the object , till the heart hath plaid the adulterer with it , and committed folly , so in speculative uncleanness , & in other lusts , they hold up the images of those gods they create , which the heart falls downe and worships ; they present credit , riches , beauty , till the heart hath worshipt them , and this when the things themselves are absent . To come now to those Particulars wherein this vanity of the thinking , meditating power of the minde consists . First , I will discover it in regard of thinking what is good , how unable and loth , &c. it is to good thoughts ; and secondly , in regard of the readinesse of it to think of evill and vaine things . For the first , first in a want of ability ordinarily , and naturally to raise and extract holy and usefull considerations & thoughts from all ordinary occurrencies , and occasions ; which the minde , so farre as it is sanctified , is apt unto . A heart sanctified , and in whose affections true grace is enkindled , out of all Gods dealings with him , out of the things he sees and heares , out of all the objects are put into the thoughts he distilleth holy , and sweet , and usefull meditations : and it naturally doth it , and ordinarily doth it , so farre as it is sanctified . So our Saviour Christ , all speeches of others which hee heard , all accidents and occurrences did still raise and occasion in him heavenly meditations , as wee may see throughout the whole Gospels : when he came by a well , hee speakes of the Water of life , Iohn 4 , &c. Many instances might bee given ; He in his thoughts translated the book of the creatures , into the booke of grace , and so did Adams heart in innocency : his Philosophy might be truely termed Divinity , because hee saw God in all ; all raised up his heart to thankfulness and praise : So now in like manner our mindes , so farre as they are sanctified , will doe . As the Philosophers-stone turnes all Metals into Gold ; As the Bee sucks honey out of every flower , and a good stomack sucks out some sweet and wholsome nourishment out of what it takes unto it selfe : so doth a holy heart , so farre as sanctified , convert and digest all into spiritual usefull thoughts ; this you may see , Psalme 107. ult . That Psalme gives many instances of Gods providence , and wonderfull works which hee doth for the sonnes of men ; as deliverances by Sea , where men see his wonders : deliverance to Captives , &c. and still the foot of the Song is , Oh that men would therefore praise the Lord for the wonderfull workes hee doth for the sonnes of men . Now after al these instances , hee concludes , that though others passe over such occurrences with ordinarie slight thoughts , yet sayes hee , The righteous shall see it , and rejoyce : that is , extract comfortable thoughts out of all , which shall be matter of joy , and who so is wise will observe those things , that is , makes holy observations out of all these , and out of a principle of wisedome hee understands Gods goodness in all , and so his heart is raised to thoughts of praise , and thankfulnesse , and obedience . Now compare with this the 92. Psalme made for the Sabbath ( when in imitation of God , who that day viewed his works , wee are , on our Lords day , still to raise holy praisefull thoughts out of them to his glory , which hee that penned that Psalme then did , vers . 1. and 2. and ) ver . 5. How great are thy workes , & c ! A brutish man knowes not , nor will a foole understand this : that is , hee being a beast , and having no sanctified principle of wisedome in him , lookes no further than a beast into all the works of God , and occurrences of things ; lookes on all blessings as things provided for mans delight by God : but hee extracts seldome holy spirituall and usefull thoughts out of all , he wants the art of doing it . If injuries be offered us by others , what doe our thoughts distill out of those wrongs , but thoughts of revenge ? we meditate how to requite it againe . But see how naturally Davids mind distills other thoughts of Shemeis cursing , 2 Sam. 16. 11. God hath bidden him , and it may prove a good signe of Gods favor . God may requite good for it . When we see judgements befall others , severe thoughts of censure our mindes are apt to raise against our brother , as Iobs friends did . But a godly man whose minde is much sanctified , raiseth other thoughts out of it , Prov. 21. 22. Wisely considers , &c. So when outward mercies befall us , the next thoughts wee are apt to have , is to project ease by our wealth , thou hast goods for many yeares : and when judgements befall us , wee are apt to be fill'd with thoughts of complaint , and feares , and cares how to winde out againe . But what were the first thoughts Iob had , upon the newes of the losse of all ? God hath given , and the Lord hath taken , blessed be the Lord for all . Such thoughts as these ( which all opportunities hint unto ) a good heart is apprehensive of , and doth naturally raise for its owne use . So farre Barren as our thoughts are , so farre vaine . Secondly , the vanitie , and sinfulnesse of the minde appeares in a loathnesse to entertaine holy thoughts , to begin to set it selfe to thinke of God , and the things belonging unto our peace ; even as loath they are to this as Schoole-boyes are to goe to their Books , or to busie their mindes about their lessons , their heads being full of play ; so loath are our mindes to enter into serious considerations , into to sad solemne thoughts of God , or death , &c. Men are as loath to thinke of death , as theeves of the execution ; or to thinke of God , as they are of their Judge . So to goe over their owne actions , in a review of them , and read the blurd writing of their hearts , and to commune with them , at night in the end of the day , ( as David did , Psalm . 119. 59. ) men are as loath to doe this , as Schoole-boyes are to perse their lessons , and the false Latins they have made , Iob 21. Depart from us ( say they in Iob ) unto God , from their thoughts they meant it , for it follows , we desire not the knowledge of thy wayes . They would not thinke of him , or know them by their good wills ; and therefore our mindes , like a bad stomack , are nauseated with the very scent of good things , and soone casts them up againe , Rom. 1. 28. They like not to retaine the knowledge of God : let us goe and try to wind up our soules , at any time , to holy meditations , to thinke of what we have heard , or what wee have done , or what is our duty to doe , and wee shall finde our minds , like the peggs of an Instrument , slip betweene our fingers , as we are a winding them up , and to fall downe suddenly againe , ere we are aware of it : yea you shall finde , that your mindes will labour to shun what may occasion such thoughts ; even as men goe out of the way , when they see they must meet with one they are loath to speake withall ; yea men dare not be alone , for feare such thoughts should returne upon them . The best shall finde a gladnesse , for an excuse , by other occasions to knocke off their thoughts from what is good : whereas in thinking of vaine earthly things , we thinke the time passeth too fast , clocks strike too soone , houres passe away ere wee are aware of it . Thirdly , the vanity and sinfulnesse of the minde appeares in the godly , that though they entertaine good thoughts , yet the minde is not , will not bee long intent on them . Some things there are , which wee are , and can be intent upon , and accordingly dwell long upon them , and therefore in Iob 17. 11. The thoughts are called the possessions of the heart , ( so 't is in the originall , and noted in the margin ) such thoughts as are pleasing , the heart dwells on them ; yea so intent are wee often , that they hinder our sleepe : as 't is said of wicked men , They cannot sleepe for multitude of thoughts , Eccles . 5. 12. So , to devise froward things , Solomon sayes , Prov. 16. 30. That a man shuts his eyes , that is , is exceeding attentive , poreth upon his plots ; for so a man doth use to do , to shut his eyes when hee would be intent , and therefore it is so expressed . But now let the minde be occupied and busied about good things , and things belonging to our peace , how unsteady is it ? which things should yet draw out the intention of the minde : For the more excellent the object is , the stronger our intention should bee . God is the most glorious object our mindes can fasten on , the most alluring . The thought of whom therefore should swallow up all other , as not worthy to bee seene the same day with him : But I appeale to all your experiences , if your thoughts of him be not most unsteady , and are , ( that I may so compare it ) as when wee looke upon a Starre thorow an Optique glasse , held with a palsie shaking hand : It is long ere wee can bring our mindes to have ken of him , to place our eyes upon him , and when wee have , how doe our hands shake , and so loose sight ever and anon ? So whilst wee are in never so serious talke with him , when all things else should stand without , and not dare to offer entrance , till wee have done with him , yet how many chinkes are there in the heart , at which other thoughts come in ? and our minds leave God , and follow them , and goe after our covetousnesse , our credit , &c. as the Prophets phrase is , Ezech. 33. So when wee are hearing the Word , how do our minds ever and anon runne out of the Church , and come 〈◊〉 againe , and so doe not heare halfe that is said ? So when wee are at our callings , which God bids us to bee conversant about with all our might , Eccles . 9. 10. yet our minds like idle truants , or negligent servants , though sent about never so serious a businesse , yet goe out of the way to see any sport , runne after the Hares that crosse the way , follow after Butter-flies that buzze about us . And so when wee come to pray , Christ bids watch to prayer , Mark. 13. 33. that is , as if wee were at every dore to place a guard that none come in and disturbe 〈◊〉 knock us off . But how oft doth the heart nod , and fall asleepe , and runne into another world , as men in dreames doe ? Yea so naturall are distractions to us , when wee are busied about holy duties , that as excrements come from men , when very weak and sicke , ere they are aware of it ; so doe worldly thoughts from us , and we are carried out of that streame of good our mind was running in , into some by creek ere we are aware of it . Fourthly , the vanity of the minde appeares , in regard of good things , that if it doth thinke of them , yet it doth it unseasonably . It is with your thoughts as with your speeches , their goodness lies in their placing and order , Prov. 25. 11. If fitly spoken , they are as Apples of Gold in pictures of silver . And as a man is to bring forth actions , so thoughts in due season ; as those fruits , so these buds should come out in season , Psalm . 1. Now the vanity of the minde appears in thinking of some good things , sometimes unseasonably ; when you are praying , you should not onely have no worldly thoughts come in , but no other than praying thoughts . But then haply some notions of , or for a Sermon will come readily in : so in hearing , a man shall often have good thoughts that are heterogeneall to the thing in hand ; So when a man is falling downe to prayer , looke what thing a man had forgotten , when it should have beene thought of , will then come in , or what will affect a man much comes in to divert him . This misplacing of thoughts ( suppose they bee good ) is yet from a vanity of the minde ; did those thoughts come at another time , they should be welcome : we finde our minds ready to spend thoughts about any thing , rather than what God at present calls unto . When we goe to a Sermon , we finde we could then spend our thoughts more willingly about reading ; or happily searching our hearts ; unto which at another time , when called to it , wee should be most unwilling to . We could bee content to run wild over the fields of meditations and miscellanious thoughts , though about good , rather than to bee tied to that taske , and kept in one set path . In Adam and Christ no thought was misplaced , but though they were as many as the Starres , yet they marched in their courses , and kept their ranks . But ours as Meteors , dance up and dowve in us . And this disorder is a vanity and sinne , bee the thought materially never so good . Not every one that hath the best part must therefore first step up the Stage to Act , but take his right cue . In Printing , let the letters bee never so faire , yet if not placed in their order , and rightly comp●sed , they marre the sense . Souldiers upon no termes should breake their ranks : so nor should our thoughts , Prov. 16. 3. There is a promise to a Righteous man , that ( as some reade it ) his thoughts shall be ordered . And so much for the first part , The privative sinfulnesse in our thoughts , in respect of what is good . Now secondly , I proceed to discover that positive vanity , which appeareth in our thoughts ; in regard of what is evill . And here it is not to bee expected , nor indeed can it bee performed by any man , to reckon up the severall particularities of all those vaine thoughts which run through mans heart ; I will insist onely on some more generall discoveries , to which particulars may be reduced , for a taste of the rest . First , the vanitie of them discovers it selfe , in that which Christ calls , Mark. 7. 22. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 foolishness : that is , such thoughts as mad men have , and fooles ; which foolishnesse is seene , both in that unsetled wantonnesse and unstayednesse of the minde in thinking , that like quick-silver it cannot fixe , but as Solomon sayes , Prov. 17. 24. A fooles eyes are in the ends of the earth , are garish , and runne up and downe from one end of the earth to the other , shooting and streaming , as those Meteors you see sometimes in the ayre . And though indeed the minde of man is nimble and able thus to run from one end of the earth to another , ( which is its strength and excellency ) yet God would not have this strength and nimblenesse , and metall-spirit in curvetting and tumbling , ( as I may call it ) but in steady directing all our thoughts straight on to his glory , our owne salvation , and the good of others ; he gave it this nimblenesse to turne away from evill , and the first appearance of it . As we are to walke in Gods wayes hee calls us to , so every thought , as well as every action is a step : and therefore ought to bee steady , Make straight steps to your feete , sayes the Apostle , Hebrews 12. 13. turning not to the right hand , nor to the left , untill we come to the journeys end of that businesse wee are to think of . But our thoughts , at best , are as wanton Spaniels , who though indeed they goe with , and accompany their Master , and come to their journeys end with him in the end , yet doe runne after every Bird , and wildly pursue every slock of sheepe they see . This unsteadinesse , it ariseth from the like curse on the minde of Man , as was on Caine , that it being driven from the presence of the Lord , it proves a vagabond , and so mens eyes are in the ends of the earth . This foolishnesse or 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 is also seene in that Independence in our thoughts ; they hanging oft together as ropes of sand ; this wee see more evidently in dreames : And not onely then , but when awake also , and that , when we would set our selves to be most serious , how doe our thoughts jangle and ring back-ward ? and as wanton Boyes , when they take pens in their hands , scribble broken words that have no dependence . Thus doe our thoughts : and if you would but looke over the copies thereof , which you write continually , you would finde as much non-sense in your thoughts , as you find in mad mens speeches . This madnesse and distemper is in the minde since the fall ( though it appeares not in our words , because wee are wiser ) that if notes were taken of our thoughts , we should finde thoughts so vagrant , that wee know not how they come in , nor whence they came , nor whither they would . But as God doth all things in weight , number , and measure , so doth his Image in us , so farre as it is renewed . And , by reason of these two , the folly , unsetlednesse , and independence of our thoughts , wee bring our thoughts often to no issue , to no perfection , but wilder away our time in thinking ( as you use to say ) of nothing , and as Seneca sayes of mens lives , as of Ships that are tost up and downe at Sea , it may bee said they have beene tossed much , but sayled nothing ; The like in this respect may bee said of the thoughts : Or as when men make imperfect dashes , and write non-sense , They are said to scribble , they doe not write : So , in these follies and independencies , wee wilder and lose our selves , wee doe not thinke . But 2. on the contrary if any strong lust , or violent passion be up , then our thoughts are too fixed and intent , and run in so farre into such sinfull objects , that they cannot bee puld out againe , or any way diverted or taken off : which is another vanity . For our thoughts and our understanding part was ordained to moderate , allay , and coole , and take off our passions , when they are a playing over , to rule and governe them . But now our thoughts are themselves subjected to our affections , and like fuell put under them , doe but make them boile the more . And although our thoughts do first stirre up our feares , joyes , desires , &c. yet these being stirred up once , chaine , and fixe , and hold our thoughts to those objects , so as wee cannot loosen them again . Therefore sayes Christ to his Disciples , Why are you troubled , and why doe thoughts arise in your hearts : For perturbations in the affections cause thoughts like fumes and vapours to ascend . Thus if a passion of feare bee up , how doth it conjure up multitudes of ghostly thoughts which wee cannot conjure downe againe , nor hide our eyes from ? But which haunt us , and follow us up and downe , where ever wee goe , so as a man runnes away pursued by his owne thoughts , the heart then meditates on terrour : As Isay 33. 18. So when sorrow is up , how doth it make us study the crosse that lights upon us ? which to forget , would be an ease unto the minde . But a mans passions makes his thoughts to con it , and to say it by heart , over and over againe , as if it would not have us forget it . So when love and desire is up , bee the thing what it will , wee are taken with , as preferment , credit , beauty , riches , it sets our thoughts aworke to view the thing all over , from top to toe ( as wee say ) to observe every part and circumstance , that doth make it amiable unto us : as if a picture were to bee drawn of it . So when joy is up , wee view the thing we rejoice in , and reade it over and over , as wee doe a Booke wee like , and wee marke every tittle , wee are punctuall in it ; yea so inordinate are wee herein , as often we cannot sleepe for thinking on them . Eccles . 5. 12. Abundance of riches will not suffer him to sleepe , for the multitude of thoughts in his head , speaking of a man who is covetous : how doe thoughts trouble the Belshazzers and Nebuchadonezers of the world ? Dan. 4. 19. so Proverbs 4. 16. They sleepe not unlesse they have done mischiefe ; if their desires remaine unsatisfied , they doe disturbe their thoughts , like froward children by their crying : so as , often , these which men count free ( as the most doe thoughts ) doe prove the greatest bondage and torment in the earth unto them , and doe hinder sleepe , the nurse of nature , eate out , and live upon the heart that bred them , weary the spirits , that when a man shall say ( as Iob 7. 13. ) My bed shall comfort mee , by putting a parenthesis to his thoughts , and sad discourses , which hee hath when awake , yet then they haunt a man ; and as vers . 14. terrifie him . A man cannot lay them aside as he doth his cloake : and when men die they will follow them to hell , and torment them worse there ; your thoughts are one of the greatest executioners there , even the worme that dies not . Thirdly , the vanity of the minde appeares in curiosity , a longing and itching to bee fed with , and to know ( and then delighting to thinke of ) things that do not at all concerne us . Take an experiment of this in Schollers ( whose chiefe worke lies in this shop ) how many precious thoughts are spent this way ? as in curiosity of knowledge , as appeares by those the Apostle often rebukes , that affect , as 1 Tim. 6. 4 , 20. oppositions of science falsely so called curiosities of knowledge of things they have not seene . So Coloss . 2. and 1 Tim. 4. 7. hee calls such issues of mens braines , they dote on , old wives fables : because as fables please old wives , so doe these their mindes , and of that itch they have in them , even as women with child , in their longings , content not themselves with what the place affords , or the season , with what may he had ; but often long after some unheard of rarity , far fetcht , or , it may bee , not at all to bee had : Thus men not contenting themselves with the wonders of God discovered in the depth of his Word and Workes , they will launch into another Sea , and world of their owne making , and there they saile with pleasure , as many of the Schoole-men did in some of their speculations , spending their pretious wits in framing curious webs out of their owne bowels . Take another instance also in others , who have leisure and parts to reade much , they should ballast their hearts with the Word , and take in those more pretious words of wisdome and sound knowledge to profit themselves and others , and to build up their owne soules , and whereby they may bee enabled to serve their Countrey : but now what doe their curious fancies carry them unto , to bee versed in , but Play-books , jearing Pasquils , Romanses , fained stayes , which are the curious needle-worke of idle braines , so as they load their heads with Apes and Peacocks feathers , in stead of pearles and pretious stones ; so as a man may say as Solomon Prov. 15. 14. The heart of him that hath understanding seeketh knowledge , but the mouth of fooles feeds on foolishnesse . Foolish discourses please their eares and eyes to reade : all these being but purveiors ( as it were ) for food , for the thoughts , like Camelions men live on ayre and winde . To leave them , how doe others out of meere curiosity to know and please their thoughts , listen after all the news that flies up and downe the world , scum all the froth that floats in foolish mens mouths , and please themselves onely with talking , thinking , and hearing of it . I doe not condemne all herein : some their ends are good , and they can make use of it , and doe as Nehemiah did , who inquired how things went at Ierusalem , to rejoyce with Gods people , and mourne with them , and pray for them , and to know how to fashion their prayers accordingly . But I condemne that curious itch that is in men , when it is done , but meerly to please their fancies , which is much delighted with new things , though they concerne us not ; such the Athenians were , Acts 17. 21. How doe some men long all the weeke , till they heare events and issues , and make it a great part of the happinesse of their lives , to study the state more than their own hearts , and affaires of their callings : who take actions of State as their text to study the meaning of , and to preach on where-ever they come . I speake of those that yet lay not to heart ▪ the miseries of the Church of Christ , nor helpe them with their prayers , if at any time they happen . The like curiosity is seene in many , in desiring to know the secrets of other men , which yet would doe them no good to know , and who doe study mens actions and ends , not to reforme , or doe good to them , but to know them , and think and muse thereof , when alone , with pleasure ; this is curiosity , and properly a vanity of the thinking power , which it mainely pleaseth ; and is indeed a great sin , when much of mens most pleasing thoughts are spent on things concerne them not . For the things we ought to know , and which doe concerne us , are enough to take up all our thoughts alone , neither shall wee have any to spare : and thoughts are pretious things , the immediate fruits and buds of an immortall nature ; and God hath given us power to coyne them , to lay them out in things concerne our owne good , and of our neighbours , and his owne glory ; and thus not to spend them is the greatest waste in the world ; examine what Corne you put in to grind , for God ought to have toll of all . Prover . 24. 8. Hee that deviseth evill shall be called a mischievous person , not alwayes hee that doth a mischievous action , but that deviseth it : and verse 9. he aggravates it , à minori , for every thought is sinne , then a combination and conspiracy of wicked thoughts is much more . But 4. there is a worse vanity than this , and that is that intimated Rom. 13. ult . Taking thought to fulfill the lusts of the flesh , 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 [ To make projects for it . ] For thoughts are the Caterers for our lusts , and lay in all their provision , they are they that looke out where the best markets are , the best opportunities for sinning in any kind , the best bargaines for credit , for preferment ; for riches , &c. For example , would a man rise ? his thoughts study the art of it , men frame their owne ladder to climbe withall , invent wayes how to doe it , though often it proves as to Haman their owne Gallows . Would they bee rich ? what doe they study ? even all cheats and tricks on the Cards , ( as I may so speake ) that is , all the cunning tricks of the world , all the wayes of oppressing , defrauding , and going beyond their brethren , so to pack things in all their dealings , that they themselves shall bee the winners , and those that deale with them , the losers , Isay 32. 7. It is said , that the Instruments of the churlish are evill , and hee deviseth wicked devices to destroy the poore : would a man undermine his opposite , as one that stands in his light , and who hinder his credit ? he 'll digge and fall a pioning , with his thoughts , his engins , in the night , digge a pit , as the Scripture phrase is , and dig deepe to hide his counsell , to blow him up in the end , and so as hee shall not know who hurt him ; and this is worse than all the former , this studied artificiall villanie . The more devising there is in sinne , the worse : therefore the fact about Vriah , not so much that of Bathsheba , is objected against David , because hee used art in it ; hee tooke thought for it , but in the matter of Bathsheba , thoughts tooke him . Fiftly , the fifth is the representing or acting over sinnes , in our thoughts and imaginations , personating those pleasures by imagination , which at present wee enjoy not really , faining and imagining our selves to act those sinfull practises wee have not opportunity outwardly to performe : speculative wickednesse Divines doe call it , which to be in the power of imagination to doe ; is evident to you by your dreames ; when fancy playes its part most , and to allude to what the Prophet sayes , makes us beleeve wee eate when wee are an hungry , to drinke when our soules are thirsty . Isay 29. 8. But I meane not to speake of the power and corruption of it ; as in our dreames : it were well if , as the Apostle speakes of Drunkennesse , that this speculative wickednesse were onely in the night . But corrupt and distempered affections doe cast men into such dreames in the day , and when they are awake , there are then ( to borrow the Apostles expression ) filthy dreames , Jude 8. that defile the flesh , even when awake : when , their lusts wanting worke , their fancie erects to them a stage , and they set their imaginations and thoughts a worke to entertaine their filthy and impure desires , with shewes and playes of their owne making , and so reason and the intention of their mindes , sit as spectatours all the while to view with pleasure , till their thoughts inwardly act over their owne uncleane desires , ambitious projects , or what ever else they have a minde unto . So vaine and empty is the heart of man become , so impatient are our desires and lusts of interruption in their pleasures , so sinfull and corrupt . First , vaine and empty it appeares to bee in this ; for take all the pleasures of sinne , when they are never so fully , solidly , really , and substantially enjoyed , they are but shadows , a meere outside and figure , as the Apostle cals the world . It is opinion of imagination that casts that varnish of goodnesse on them , which is not truly in them . So Felix and Bernices pompe is te●●…ed 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 ; but now this speculative enjoying of them onely in imagination , ( which many mens hearts take so much pleasure in , ) the pleasing our selves in the bare thoughts and imaginations of them , this is but a shadow of these shadows , that the soul should Ixion-like embrace and commit adultery with clouds onely ; this is a vanitie beyond all other vanities , that maketh us vainer than other creatures , who , though subject to vanity , yet not to such as this . Secondly , it argues our desires to be impatient , to bee detained from , or interrupted of their pleasures . When the soule shall bee found so greedy , that when the heart is debarred or sequestred from those things it desires , and wants meanes or opportunities to act its lusts , as not being to stay , it will at least enjoy them in imagination , and in the interim , set fancie to entertaine the minde with empty pictures of them drawne in its owne thoughts . 3. Thus they appear also to bee exceeding sinfull and corrupt ; an outward act of sinne , it is but as an act of whoredome with the creature , when really enjoyed : But this is Incest , when we defile our soules and spirits with these imaginations and likenesses which are begotten in our own fancies , being the children of our owne hearts . And yet ( my brethren ) such speculative enjoying of pleasures , and acting over of sinnes the minde of man is full of , as will appeare in many particulars . First , looke what comforts men have at present in their possession , and at command , what excellencies or endowments , men love to be alone to study , and thinke of them , and when they are sequestred from the present use of them , yet they will then bee againe and againe recounting and casting of them up , taking a survey of their happiness in them , applauding their owne hearts in their conditions . And as rich men , that love money , love to be looking on it , and telling it over ; so do men to be summing up their comforts and priviledges they enjoy , which others want ; as , how rich they are , how great , how they excell others in parts and gifts , &c. Oh how much of that precious sand of our thoughts runne out this way ! Thus he in the Gospell , hee keepes an audit in his heart ; Soule ( saith he ) thou hast goods laid up for many yeares . So Haman , Ester . 5. 11. takes an Inventory of his honours and goods , he talkes of all the glory of his riches , and all the things wherein the King had promoted him . So Nebuchadnezzar , Dan. 4. 30. as it may seeme , hee was alone walking and talking to himselfe , like a foole , saying to himselfe ; Is not this the great Babell which I have built by the might of my power , for the glory of my Majesty . And as thus upon their comforts , so also upon their excellencies , as their learning , wisdome , parts , &c. Men love to stand looking upon these in the glasse of their owne speculation , as faire faces love to looke often and long in Looking-glasses : which , as it ariseth from that selfe-flattery is in men ; so also that they might keepe their happinesse still fresh and continued in their eye ; which thoughts , when they raise not up the heart to thankefulnesse to God , and are not used to that end , but are bellows of pride ; they are vaine and abominable in the eyes of God , as appeares by Gods dealing with those fore-mentioned ; for to the one hee sayes , Thou foole , this night ; the other , whilst the word was in his mouth , ( giving him no longer warning ) hee strikes with madnesse and brutishnesse : and Haman , you know , was like a Wall that doth swell before it breakes , and falls to ruine and decay . Secondly , this speculative enjoying of pleasures , and acting over sinnes thus in fancy , doth appeare in regard of things to come ; which when wee have in view , or any hopes of mens thoughts goe forth afore to meet them , with how much contentment doe mens thoughts entertaine their desires , with vaine promisings and expectations afore-hand of their pleasures , that are in view and in possibility to bee enjoyed . So they in Esay wind up their hearts to a higher pin of jollity in the midst of their cups , in that their hearts thought and promised them , To morrow shall bee as to day , and much more abundant , Isay 56. 12. So they , Iames 4. 13. they say with themselves , Wee will goe to such a City , and continue there a yeare , and get gaine . And the promise of this , and the thoughts of it afore-hand feeds them , and keepes up their hearts in comfort . When men rise in a morning , they begin to forethinke with much pleasure , what carnall pleasures they have the advousion and promise of that day or weeke , as to goe to such company , and there bee merry ; to goe such a pleasant journey , enjoy satisfaction in such a lust , heare such newes , &c. And thus as godly men live by faith in Gods promises , Hab. 2. 4. Isay 38. 16. By these men live , and this is the spirit of my life , saith Hezechiah , even what God hath spoken , vers . 15. So doe carnall men live much upon the promises of their owne hearts and thoughts afore-hand , ( for to this head of vaine thoughts , these vaine promisings are to be reduced , Psalm . 49. 11. Their inward thought is , their houses shall continue for ever , and this thought pleaseth them : ) what pleasure almost is there , which a man makes much account of , but hee acts it first over in private in his owne thoughts ? and thus doe men foolishly take their owne words and promises , and so befoole themselves in the end , as Ieremy speakes , Ierem. 17. They take up before-hand in their thoughts upon trust , the pleasures they are to enjoy , even as spend-thrifts doe their rents , or Heires their revenews before they come of age to enjoy their lands , that when they come indeed to enjoy the pleasures they expected , either they prove but dreames , as Isay 29. 6. they finde their soules empty ; or so much under their expectation , and so stale , as they have little in them , that there still proves more in the imagination than in the thing , which ariseth from the vastnesse and greediness of mens desires , as the cause hereof ; for that makes them swallow up all at once . So Hab. 2. Enlarging his desires as Hell , hee heapes up all Nations , swallowes them up in his thoughts . So an ambitious Scholler doth all preferments that are in his view . Thirdly , this speculative wickednesse is exercised in like maner towards things past , in recalling namely , and reviving in our thoughts the pleasure of sinfull actions passed ; when the minde runnes over the passages and circumstances of the same sins long since committed , with a new and fresh delight ; when men raise up their dead actions long since buried , in the same likenesse they were transacted in , and parley with them , as the Witch & Saul did with Satan in Samuels likenesse . And whereas they should draw crosse lines over them , and blot them out through faith in Christs blood , they rather copy and write them over againe in their thoughts , with the same contentment . So an uncleane person can study and view over every circumstance passed in such an act , with such a person committed ; so a vaine-glorious Scholler doth repeate in his thoughts an eminent performance of his , and all such passages therein as were most elegant . And thus men chew the cudd upon any speech of commendation uttered by others of them . And all this even as a good heart doth repeate good things heard or read , with the remembrance also of what quicknesse they had in such and such passages , and with what affections they were warmed , when they heard them ; or as a godly man recalls with comfort the actions of a well-past life , as Hezechiah did , Lord I have walked before thee with a perfect heart ; and thereby doe also stirre and provoke their hearts to the like temper againe : So on the contrary , doe wicked men use to recall , and revive the pleasingest sinfull passages in their lives , to suck a new sweetnesse out of them : Then which nothing argues more hardnesse and wickednesse of heart , or provokes God more . For , First , it argues much wickednesse of heart , and such as when it is ordinary with the heart to doe thus , is not compatible with grace : for in the 6. of the Romans , ver . 12. the Apostle shewes that a good heart useth to reape no such fruit of sinfull actions past , But what fruit had you of those things whereof yee are now ashamed ? The Saints reap and distill nothing out of all those flowers , but shame and sorrow , and sad sighs : when Ephraim remembred his sinne , he was ashamed , & repented ; and canst thou in thy thoughts , reap a new harvest and crop of pleasure out of them , again and againe ? Secondly , it argues much hardnesse of heart ; nothing being more opposite to the truth and practice of repentance , the foundation of which is to call to mind the sinne with shame and sorrow , and to recall it with much more griefe , than ever there was pleasure in the committing of it : and whose property is to hate the appearance of it , and to enflame the heart with Zeale and revenge against it . And thereby it provoketh God exceedingly , our hearts are thereby embrued in a new guilt , wee thereby stand to , and make good our former act : even so , by remembring it with pleasure , wee provoke God to remember it with a new detestation of it , and so to send downe new plagues ; who , if wee recall it with griefe , would remember it no more : wee shew wee take delight to rake in those wounds wee have given Christ already ; to view the sinnes of others with pleasure , Rom. 1. ult . is made more than to commit them : But much more to view and revive our owne with a fresh delight : and therefore know that how-ever you may take delight here to repeat to your selves your old sins , yet that in Hell nothing will gall you more , than the remembrance of them ; every circumstance in every sin will then be as a dagger at thy heart . This was the rich mans taske and study in Hell , to remember the good things hee had received , and his sins committed in the abuse of them . And if godly men here be made to possesse the sinnes of their youth with horrour , as Iob , and to have them ever afore them , as David , how will wicked men bee continually affrighted with them in hell ? whose punishment is in a great part set forth to us , by this Psalme 50. 20. I will set them in order before thee . Fourthly , the fourth thing wherein this speculative vanity appeares , is in acting sinnes upon meere imaginary suppositions men faigne , and contrive to themselves , and make a supposition to themselves in their own thoughts , first of what they would bee , and then what they would doe . Men create fooles paradises to themselves , and then walke up and downe in them ; as , if they had money enough , what pleasures they would have ; if they were in such places of preferment , how they would carry themselves . To allude to that Absolom said , 2 Sam. 15. 4. Oh if I were a Iudge in the Land , I would doe this or that , &c. doing this with a great deale of pleasure , almost as much as those that really enjoy them . This may well bee the meaning of that Psalme 50. 18. where of the hypocrite ( who outwardly abstaines from grosse sins ) 't is said , that hee consenteth with the thiefe , and partaketh with the adulterer , namely , in his heart and fancie , supposing himself with them , and so desires to bee doing what they doe . Thus take one who is naturally ambitious ( whom both nature , parts and education have all made , but a Bramble never to rule over the trees , and hath fixt in a lower sphere , as uncapable of rising higher or being greater , as the earth is of becomming a Starre in Heaven , yet ) hee will take upon him in his owne heart , faining and supposing himselfe to bee , and then act the part of a great man there , erect a throne , and sit downe in it ; and thinkes with himselfe what hee would doe , if a King or a great Man , &c. So take a man that is uncleane , but now growne old , and a dry tree , and so cannot act his lust as formerly , yet his thoughts shall supply what is wanting in his strength or opportunity . And he makes his owne heart both Bawd , Brothel house , Whore , Whoremonger , and all : so a man that is naturally voluptuous , loves pleasures , but wants meanes to purchase them , yet his inclinations will please themselves with the thoughts of what mixture and composition of delights hee would have ; hee will set downe with himselfe his Bill of fare , how hee would have , if he might wish , his cup of pleasure mingled , what ingredients put into it . So a man that is revengefull , and yet wants a sting , yet he pleaseth himselfe with revengefull thoughts and wishes , and will be making invectives and railing dialogues against him , hee hates , when hee is not by . A man in love , in his fancy hee will court his Paramour though absent , he will by his imagination make her present , and so frame solemn set speeches to her . In a word , let mens inclinations and dispositions bee of what kinde so ever , and let the impossibilities and improbabilities be never so great of being what they desire ; yet in their fancies and thoughts they will discover themselves what they would be . Totumque quod esse desiderant sibi apud semetipsos cogitationibus depingunt , men will bee drawing Maps of their desires , calculate their owne inclinations , cut out a condition of life which fills their hearts , and they please themselves withall : and there is no surer way to know a mans naturall inclination , than by this . First , which yet first is as great a folly as any other , imitating children herein ; for is it not childish to make clay pies , and puppets ? what else are such fancies as these ? and to bee as children acting the parts of Ladies and Mistresses , and yet such childishnesse is in mens hearts . 2. And secondly , a vanitie also , because a man sets his heart on what is not : the things themselves are not , if a man had them , Prov. 23. 5. but to please themselves with suppositions is much worse . Thirdly , this argues the greatest incontentation of minde that may bee , when men will in their owne thoughts put themselves into another condition than God ever ordained for them . Vse . 1. HAving discovered the vanity of your thoughts and your estates thereby , bee humbled for them ; This I ground upon , Proverbs 30. 21. where Agur teacheth us to humble our selves as well for thoughts as actions . If thou hast done foolishly in lifting up thy selfe , or if thou hast thought evill , lay thine hand upon thy mouth . Now as smiting upon the thigh is put for repentance and shame and sorrow in Ephraim , Ierem. 31. 19. so is laying the hand upon the mouth put for greater and deeper humiliation , as arguing full conviction of ones guilt , Rom. 3. 19. Every mouth must be stopped . Having nothing to say , not to plead and excuse , that thoughts are free , and it is impossible to bee rid of them , &c , but as Ezechiel , 16. 65. To remember and to bee confounded , and never to open thy mouth more ! to bee vile , and not to answer againe , as Iob 39. 27 , 28. this is to lay thy hand on thy mouth , that is , to humble thy selfe . And indeed there is much cause , for your thoughts they are the first begotten , and eldest sons of originall sin , and therefore the strength of it , as Iacob called Reuben the first-borne ; yea also , and the Parents and begetters of all other sinnes , their brethren ; The first plotters and contrivers , and Achitophels , in all the treasons and rebellions of our hearts and lives ; the bellows and incendiaries of all inordinate affections ; the Panders to all our lusts , that take thought to provide for the satisfying of them ; the disturbers in all good duties , that interrupt and spoile and fly-blow all our prayers , that they stinke in the nostrills of God. And if their hainousnesse will nothing move you , consider their number , for they are continually thus : which makes our sinnes to be in number more than the sands : the thoughts of Solomons heart were as the Sand , and so ours ; not a minute , but as many thoughts passe from us , as in a minute sands doe in an Houre-glasse . So that suppose , that taken severally , they be the smallest and least of your sinnes , yet their multitude makes them more and heavier than all your other . Nothing smaller than a graine of Sand , but if there bee a heape of them , there is nothing heavier , Iob 6. 3. My griefe is heavier than the Sand. Suppose they be in themselves , but as Farthing-tokens , in comparison of grosse defilements : yet because the Mint never lies still , sleeping nor waking , therefore they make up the greatest part of that treasure of wrath which wee are a laying up : and know that God will reckon every Farthing , and in thy punishment bate thee not one vaine thought . And that God lookes upon our thoughts thus , see but the inditement he brings in against the old world ; which stands still upon record , Gen. 6. when he pronounced that heavy judgement of destroying the old world , doth he alledge their murthers , adulteries , and grosse defilements chiefly as the cause ? Their thoughts rather ; which because so many , and so continually evill , provoked him more than all their other sinnes . Goe downe therefore into thy heart , and consider them well , to humble thee , to make thee vile , and if in one roome such a treasure of wickednesse bee found laid up , what in all those other Chambers of the belly , as Solomon calls them ? consider them to humble thee , but not for all this their multitude to discourage thee . For God hath more thoughts of mercy in him , than thou hast had of rebellion , Psal . 40. 5. Thy thoughts to us-ward , ( speaking of thoughts of mercy ) are more than can bee numbred . Thou begannest but as yesterday to thinke thoughts of rebellion against him , but his thoughts of mercy have beene from everlasting , and reach to everlasting : and therefore in Esay 55. vers . 7. having made mention of our thoughts , let the unrighteous man forsake his thoughts , and hee will have mercy on him ; because this objection of the multitude might come in to discourage men from hopes of mercy , therefore purposely hee addes , hee will multiply to pardon ; and to assure us that hee hath thoughts of mercy to out-vie ours of sinne , hee addes , for my thoughts exceed yours , as Heaven doth the earth . Vse 2. LEt us make for ever conscience of them , so Iob did , Iob 31. 1. I made a convenant with mine eyes , why should I thinke upon a Maide ? Solomon gives in especiall charge , above all keeping , keepe thy heart , Prov. 4. 23. First , thou art to keepe the Lords day holy , thy selfe unspotted of the World. To keepe thy brother , to keepe all the Commandements , but above all to keepe thy heart , and in it , thy thoughts ; for this is the Great Commandement , because it extends it selfe ( as the foundation ) unto them all : for as in the same Commandement where murther is forbidden , a malicious thought is also , and so of the rest ; So in keeping the thoghts , thou virtually keepest all the Commandements : as originall sinne is said to bee forbidden in all the Commandements , so are thy thoughts taken order for in all . Secondly , out of it are issues of life ; thoughts and affections are the spring , speeches and actions the streame : as are our thoughts , so are our affections ; for these are the bellows : so also our prayers , so all , for they are in the soule as the spirits in the body , they run through all , move all , act all . Thirdly , if you looke to God , our thoughts are that spot of ground , which he proclaimes himselfe sole Lord of , and makes it one of his greatest titles , that hee knows them , and judgeth them . Kings attempt to rule your tongues , to binde your hands , and rule your actions ; but God onely your thoughts . By them wee chiefly sanctifie him in our hearts , by them wee walke with God , and shall we not make conscience of them ? Fourthly , if you looke to the worke and power of grace , wherein lies it , But in bringing every thought into obedience ? 2 Cor. 11. 4. This is the glory of our religion above all other in the world : wherein lies the difficulty of it , the strictness of it , what makes it so hard a taske ? but the observing and keeping the thoughts in boūds : wherin lies the difference between sincere hearted Christians and others ? but the keeping of our thoughts , without which all Religion is but bodily exercise . Papists may mumble over their prayers , hypocrits talke , but this is godlinesse . Fiftly , if wee looke to things wee have a care of ; if wee have a care of speeches , because Christ hath said , wee shall answere for every idle word ; why not also for the same reason , should wee have a care of thoughts ? which are the words of the minde , onely they want a shape , to bee audible to others , which the tongue gives them , for which you must answer as well as for words , Heb. 4. 12. 1 Cor. 4. 5. If you be carefull what companions you have , and whom you lodge in your houses , and who lie in your bosomes , then much more of your thoughts , which lodge in your hearts , which are not yours , but Gods houses ; built for himselfe , and for Christ and his Word to dwel in : seeing also the things you think of have the most neare intimate fellowship and converse with you . And therefore when you thinke of the Word , it is said to talk with you , Pro. 6. If you be carefull of what you eate , because such blood you have , &c. then be careful what you think , thoughts being Pabulum animae , as Tully calls them . Thy words did [ I eate ] saies Ieremiah , speaking of meditating on it . Sixthly , if you looke to the issue of things : what shall be the subject of that great inquest at the Day of Judgement ? the thoughts and councels , 1 Corin. 4. 5. And after the Day of Judgement , mens thoughts shall prove their greatest executioners : what are the cords God lashes you with to all eternity ? your owne thoughts ; thoughts accusing , whereby you study over every sinne ; and every one will be as a dagger , Isay 33. 18. the Hypocrites torment , is to meditate terrours , to study Gods wrath , and the Saints blessednesse , and their owne sinnes and misery . Remedies against vaine Thoughts . THe first is to get the heart furnished and enriched with a good stocke of sanctified and heavenly knowledge in spirituall and heavenly truths : For a good man ( saith Christ ) hath a good treasure in his Heart , Matt. 13. 35. that is , hee hath all graces , so many precious truths which are as Gold in the Ore , which his thoughts , as the Mint , doth coine and beat out , and which words bring forth . A good man , out of the good treasure of his heart , brings forth good things . If therefore there bee not Mines of precious truths hid in the heart , no wonder if our thoughts coyne nothing but drosse , frothy vaine thoughts , for want of better materialls which should feed the Mint , are wanting . Therefore Solomon saith , Wicked men forge , mint , or hammer wickednesse , Pro. 6. 14. so Iunius reads it : or if men have store of naturall knowledge , and want spirituall usefull knowledge , to themselves ; although in company with others , they may bring forth good things in speeches , yet when alone , their thoughts runne not on them . For this , take a place of Scripture , Deut. 6. 6 , 7. which shewes , that laying up the Word in the heart , and being much conversant in it , and getting knowledge out of it , is an effectuall meanes to keepe our thoughts well exercised when wee are alone : for the end why these words are commanded to bee laid up in the heart , ver . 5 , 6. is , as to teach them to others , so , to take up our thoughts when we are most retired , and alone , and when a man can doe nothing , but barely exercise his minde , in thinking ; for when a man is a riding , or walking , or lying downe , and rising up , ( which are often and usually our most retired times for thoughts , & are wholly spent in them , for many ride alone , and lie alone , &c. ) yet then , saith hee , thou shalt talk of the Word : which command he that is alone cannot do , therefore the talking there meant is not onely 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , outward conference with others ( though intended ) as to talke to thy bed-fellow of it , and to thy companion : but suppose thou hast none , then to talke of it to thy selfe , for thoughts are 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , talking of the minde ; and so comparing Prov. 6. 22. with this place ( which will fitly interpret it ) it appeares ; for Solomon exhorting to the same duty of Binding the Word to the heart , useth this motive , which is the fruit thereof , That when thou awakest , it shall talke with thee , that is , by thy thinking of it , it will talke with thee when thou and it art alone : So as thou shalt not need a better companion , it will bee putting in and suggesting some thing . Secondly , endeavour to preserve and keep up lively , holy , and spirituall affections in thy heart , and suffer them not to coole ; Fall not from thy first love , nor feare , nor joy in God ; or if thou hast growne remisse , endeavour to recover those affections again . For such as your affections are , such necessarily must your thoughts be : and they encline the minde to think of such or such objects as will please them , rather than others ; therefore sayes David , Psal . 119. 97. How doe I love thy Law ! it is my meditation day and night . It was his love to it made him thinke of it so frequently . So Mal. 3. 16. Those that feared the Lord , and thought upon his Name , are joyned : For what we feare wee often thinke of , and also speake of often ; therefore it is added ; They spake of one to another ; feare made them thinke much of his name , and thinking of it made them speake of it : such affection , such thoughts , and such speeches , as they both are . And indeede thoughts and affections are Sibi mutuo causae , the mutuall causes of each other : Whilest I mused , the fire burned , Psalm . 39. so that thoughts are the bellowes that kindle and enflame affections : and then if they are enflamed , they cause thoughts to boile , therefore men newly converted to God , having new and strong affections , can with more pleasure thinke of God than any . Thirdly , of all apprehensions else , get thy heart possessed with deep , strong and powerfull apprehensions and impressions of Gods Holiness , Majestie , Omnipresence , and Omniscience . If any thoughts bee of power to settle , fixe , and draw in the minde of man , they are the thoughts of him . What is the reason that the Saints and Angels in Heaven have not a vaine thought to eternity , not a wry stroke , his presence fixeth them , their eie is never off him ? Take a wanton garish loose spirit , let him be but in the presence of a Superiour whom hee feares and reverenceth , and it consolidates him . Iob made therefore conscience of his thoughts , that hee durst not looke awry , Iob 31. 1 , 2. because God sees it , saith hee . This drew in and fastned Davids thoughts , Psal . 139. from the first to the twelfth , he manifests what continuall apprehension hee had of Gods Greatnesse , Majesty , and Omnipresence ; and what effect had this ? When I awake I am even before thee , verse 17. Looke what objects they are , have most strong and deepe impressions in the minde , of those when a man awaketh , hee thinkes of first . Now such strong impressions had Davids thoughts of God , that still when hee awaked , hee was with him , and therefore wee finde it by experience to bee a meanes to avoid distractions in prayers , to enlarge a mans thoughts in his preparations before , or at the beginning with a consideration of Gods attributes and relations to us : and it will and doth make us serious . Fourthly , especially do this when thou awakest , as David did there , when I awake I am still with thee : to prevent winde which ariseth from emptinesse , men use to take a good draught in the morning , which the stomacke feeds ; so to prevent those vaine , windy , frothy thoughts the heart naturally ingenders , and which arise from emptinesse ; first fill thy heart with the thoughts of God ; Goe downe into his Wine-celler : observe it when you will , when you first open your eyes , there stand many suitors attending on you , to speake with your thoughts , even as Cliants at Lawyers doores , many vanities and businesses ; but speake thou with God first , hee will say something to thy heart , will settle it for all day : and this doe before the croud of businesses come in upon thee . Of some Heathens it is said that they worship that as their God , for all day , which they first see in the morning ; so it is with the idols of mens hearts . Fiftly , have a watchfull eye , and observe thy heart all day , though they croud in , yet observe them , let them know that they passe not unseene ; if a man would pray aright , he must watch also , who comes in , and who goes out : where strict watch and ward is kept , and Magistrates observant , the Marshall and Constable diligent to examine vagrant persons , you shall have few there ; that such swarmes of vagrant thoughts make their rendevous , and passe , is because there is not strict watch kept . This is in a manner all thou canst doe , for they will passe however , but yet complaine thou of them , whip them , and give them their passe . Sixtly , please not thy fancy too much with vanities and curious sights , this engenders vaine thoughts ; therefore Iob sayes , Chap. 31. vers . 1. That hee made a covenant with his eyes , lest he should thinke of a Maide , Prov. 4. 25. Let thine eyes looke right on . Seventhly , bee diligent in thy calling , and what thine hand findes to doe , doe it with all thy might , as it is , Ecclesiastes 9. 10. that is , putting to all the intention and strength of the minde that may bee in it . Let all the streame runne to turne about thy Mill ; the keeping thy thoughts to that channell , keeps them from overflowing into vanity and folly , 2 Thes . 3. 11. Those that labour not are busie bodies . And 1 Tim. 5. 13. Idle , wandring , 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , they are not onely called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , Idle only , because not busie about what they should , but 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , as intent on things they should not ; they goe from house to house : so their bodies do , because their mindes doe wander , having no center . When David walked alone , what extravagancy did his spirit run into ? let the ground lye fallow , and what weeds will there soone grow in it ? God hath appointed us our callings to entertaine our thoughts , and to finde them worke , and to hold them doing in the interims , between the duties of his worship , because the spirit and thoughts of men are restlesse , and will bee busied some way ; as therfore Kings keep those men that have active spirits in continual imployment , lest their heads should be working and plotting amisse : so did God appoint even in Paradise the active spirit of man , a calling to keepe him doing . God hereby hedgeth in mans thoughts , and sets them to goe in a narrow lane , knowing that if they are unconfined and left at liberty , they would like wilde Asses snuffe up the winde , as Ieremy speaks , Ieremy 2. 24. onely take heed of encumbring thy minde with too much businesse , more than thou canst graspe . It made Martha forget that one thing necessary , being cumbred with many things , Luke 10. 4. this breeds care 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , which distracts the minde , ( so the word signifies 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , as dividing it , and so causeth wandering thoughts nothing more , so that the minde is not it selfe . For this weakens it , enervates it , and this being vanity , Exod. 18. 18. said Iethro to Moses , when encombred with business , Thou wilt fade away as a leafe , out of which the moisture is dryed up , even that juyce which should be left for good duties will be exhausted : as dreames come through multitude of businesse , Eccles . 5. 3. so do a multitude of thoughts from a cumber of business . Eightly , in thy calling , and all thy wayes , for the successe and thy wayes therein , Commit thy wayes to God , Prov. 16. 3. Commit thy way unto the Lord , and thy thoughts shall be established , or ordered : that is , kept from that confusion and disorder , and those swarms of cares , which others are annoyed with : and thereby thy aimes may bee as well accomplished : a few thoughts of faith would save us many thoughts of cares and feares , in the businesses wee goe about , which prove therefore vaine , because they forward not at all the businesse wee intend . When such waves tosse the heart and turmoile it , and the windes of passions are up , if a few thoughts of faith come into the heart , they calm all presently . FINIS . Perlegi hunc tractatum , cui titulus est ( The vanity of thoughts ) in quo nihil reperio , quo minus imprimatur . Ex Aed . Lamb Iul. 1. 1637. Rever . in Ch. Patri & D no D. Ar. Cant. Sac. Dom. IOH. OLIVER .