Christ the universall peace-maker: or, The reconciliation of all the people of God, notwithstanding all their differences, enmities. / By Tho: Goodvvin, B.D. Goodwin, Thomas, 1600-1680. This text is an enriched version of the TCP digital transcription A85431 of text R202317 in the English Short Title Catalog (Thomason E626_1). Textual changes and metadata enrichments aim at making the text more computationally tractable, easier to read, and suitable for network-based collaborative curation by amateur and professional end users from many walks of life. The text has been tokenized and linguistically annotated with MorphAdorner. The annotation includes standard spellings that support the display of a text in a standardized format that preserves archaic forms ('loveth', 'seekest'). Textual changes aim at restoring the text the author or stationer meant to publish. This text has not been fully proofread Approx. 132 KB of XML-encoded text transcribed from 31 1-bit group-IV TIFF page images. EarlyPrint Project Evanston,IL, Notre Dame, IN, St. Louis, MO 2017 A85431 Wing G1237 Thomason E626_1 ESTC R202317 99862651 99862651 114819 This keyboarded and encoded edition of the work described above is co-owned by the institutions providing financial support to the Early English Books Online Text Creation Partnership. This Phase I text is available for reuse, according to the terms of Creative Commons 0 1.0 Universal . The text can be copied, modified, distributed and performed, even for commercial purposes, all without asking permission. Early English books online. (EEBO-TCP ; phase 1, no. A85431) Transcribed from: (Early English Books Online ; image set 114819) Images scanned from microfilm: (Thomason Tracts ; 96:E626[1]) Christ the universall peace-maker: or, The reconciliation of all the people of God, notwithstanding all their differences, enmities. / By Tho: Goodvvin, B.D. Goodwin, Thomas, 1600-1680. [2], 58 p. Printed by J.G. for R. Dawlman, London : 1651. The words "differences, enmities" are bracketed together on title page. Also bound with some copies of Wing G1229 and G1229A. Annotation on Thomason copy: "March 10 1650", the 51 in imprint date crossed out. Reproduction of the original in the British Library. eng Jesus Christ -- Early works to 1800. Reconciliation -- Early works to 1800. A85431 R202317 (Thomason E626_1). civilwar no Christ the universall peace-maker: or, The reconciliation of all the people of God,: notwithstanding all their differences, enmities. / By Goodwin, Thomas 1651 22553 1 195 0 0 0 0 87 D The rate of 87 defects per 10,000 words puts this text in the D category of texts with between 35 and 100 defects per 10,000 words. 2007-09 TCP Assigned for keying and markup 2007-11 Aptara Keyed and coded from ProQuest page images 2007-12 Emma (Leeson) Huber Sampled and proofread 2007-12 Emma (Leeson) Huber Text and markup reviewed and edited 2008-02 pfs Batch review (QC) and XML conversion CHRIST THE UNIVERSALL PEACE-MAKER : OR , THE RECONCILIATION Of ALL the PEOPLE of GOD , Notwithstanding all their Differences , Enmities . By THO: GOODVVIN , B. D. LONDON , Printed by J. G. for R. Dawlman , 1651. CHRIST , The Vniversall PEACE-MAKER . I. PART . EPHES. 2. 14 , 15 , 16. For he is our peace , who hath made both one , and hath broken downe the wall of partition between us : Having abolished in his flesh the enmity , even the Law of Commandments contained in ordinances , for to make in himselfe , of twain , one new man , so making peace . And that he might reconcile both unto God in one body by the Crosse , having slaine the enmity thereby . ( or ) in Himselfe . IT were a manifest folly in the judgements of most knowing men , to goe about to use in any set way , exhortatory motives to perswade to peace & reconciliation the people of God amongst us . The provocations are so high , and exasperations so fresh and encreasing , that if I had an audience made up of those alone that have the swaying power of either , and together therewith their most favourable attention , and interest in affection without prejudice , I should not know how to attempt it with any hope of successe . But though the animosities of mens spirits , augmented by coincident circumstances , are gon beyond the power of the perswasions of men in this present paroxisme : yet they are not above the power of Gods wisedome and providence , nor the force and efficacy of Christs bloud . You may therefore , in the midst of all contrary appearances , give me leave , though I cannot hope to perswade , yet to BELEEVE ( The Catholique Church , and Communion of Saints , they are in my Creed ) and because I beleeve therefore to speake , and so to give you an account of my faith as to this issue . Let your faith but wait , and give God time for it , and leave him to effect it his owne way . And to this end I have taken this Text , Christus Pax nostra : For he is our peace who hath made both one , &c. and my inference is , That therefore the Saints SHALL and MUST be one , and reconciled in the end . And this is the best newes which in these times can be told you , the seasonablest we can heare of , and is indeed one great part of the glad tidings of the Gospell it selfe , without which it were imperfect , which Christ himselfe our peace ( who came to purchase it , as these words shew , so ) came to preach , as the very next v. 17. hath it . The maine and principall intendment of these words is , to give an eminent instance of the efficacy of Christs mediation in slaying the enmities that are amongst the people of God themselves , and of his being our peace in that respect ; instancing in that the greatest that ever was between Jew and Gentile ; Whom yet ( as here ) he hath made both one , and hath broken downe the partition wall betweene us : and however he mentions in the 16. v. our reconciliation made with God ( of which elsewhere he treats more largely ) yet ( here ) but by way of confirmation of our faith in this other of reconciliation amongst our selves . For the aime of its introduction here is but to shew , how that Christ in reconciling us to God himselfe , carried it so , and did it under such a consideration and respect , as necessarily drew on and involved our reconciliation one with another ; namely this , that he reconciled us unto God IN ONE BODY among our selves . It is an happy clause , that addition [ in one body ] and on purpose inserted thereinto , to shew , that when God was to transact our peace and reconciliation to and with Christ , hanging upon the Crosse , he would not nor did not acknowledge himselfe , to him , then , reconciled to us by him , upon any other termes , then as withall we were lookt at , and represented to him by Christ as one body ; and therein reconciled one to another , whilest we were reconciled to himselfe . The Connection of the 16. ver. with the 15. discussed : And how That Reconciliation to God in one body , ver. 16. is to be understood : whether of that reconciliation wrought for us , or in us . I Meet but with one eminent difficulty in the coherence and contexture of these words , and that is the connexion of these two verses , v. 15. 16. as namely of these words , And that he might reconcile us to God , v. 16. &c. with the former v. 15. Having abolisht the enmity , &c. Now this enmity mentioned v. 15. is evidently intended of the enmity betweene Jew and Gentile , as is clear by its connexion with v. 14. Who hath made of twaine one , and broken downe the partition wall : Having slain the enmity . Now the twaine , or the two , thus made one ( between whom this enmity was ) is not God and we , but the Jewes and the Gentiles ( of whom he had spoken in the former verses ) for he adds , that he might create both in one new man , which could not be said of God and us . Now then the difficulty is , what reconciliation to God in one body that should be v. 16. which the Apostle makes the consequent of having slain the enmity betweene these Jewes and Gentiles ; For the connexion seemes to import the one a consequent of the other : And the words to run thus , Having slain the enmity between themselves , v. 15. that he might reconcile them to God , v. 16. Now this reconciliation to God must be either meant of the work of reconciliation wrought in us , whereby we turne unto God , as 1 Cor. 5. Be ye reconciled to God , or that Reconciliation which Christ wrought for us unto God : and whether of these should be intended , is the Question . And so withall the Question is , whether those words , v. 16. And that he might reconcile both unto God , are to be cast unto the 15. verse as a part of the discourse thereof , or doe not rather begin a new and entire discourse full and compleat within themselves . For the first stand many Interpreters , and the chief reason for that opinion is , The coherence of these words with those next immediately foregoing , Having abolisht the enmity , that he might create in himselfe of twayne one New man , and that he might reconcile both unto God , &c. The resolve of which seemes to be this , That Christ having on the Crosse wrought in himselfe this great worke for us , to slay the enmity betweene us , and make both one , by the sacrifice of himselfe , and this as the antecedent worke : That yet there remained two other as consequent works as the effects that follow therefrom . Namely , 1. To create both one new man , so making actually peace between themselves . And 2. To bring them both into an actuall state of reconciliation with God , by working reconciliation in them towards God , so making them one body . And the reason for this interpretation further is , That both these two are brought in and yoked in the like Tenour of speech , That he might create , &c. And that he might reconcile ; as if they were like parallel fruits of that antecedent worke , slaying that enmity mentioned , v. 15. and according to this parallel , looke as creating them both into one new man , is and must be acknowledged to be understood of a worke wrought in them , viz. the new Creation : so also that other , the reconciling them to God must be understood of the worke of reconciliation unto God wrought in them also ; and so the new man they are created into , v. 15. answereth but unto that one body they are reconciled unto , v. 16. being one and the same . And that which encreaseth the difficulty is , that if it should be understood of reconciliation unto God himselfe wrought by Christ on the Crosse , how such a reconciliation should be the consequent of his slaying first the enmity between the Saints themselves , so as it should be said , He slew the enmity among the Saints , that he might reconcile them to God : This is not consonant to reason , seeing rather ( that according to the harmony and dependance of Theologicall truths ) his reconciling them unto God upon the Crosse is the antecedent and cause of his slaying the enmity of them mutually , because our reconciliation one with another is rather depending upon , and the fruit of reconciliation with God himselfe , who being first reconciled to us , all things else are reconciled one to another ; as Subjects that have beene at variance , when reconciled to their Prince or Head , become reconciled one to another among themselves . But yet I rather incline to thinke , that other kind of reconciliation betweene God and us , wrought by Christ for us on the Crosse , to be intended v. 16. and so to be brought in as a parallel with that former reconciliation wrought by him also on the Crosse betweene and on behalfe of the Jew and Gentile mutually . And so this 16. v. to begin a new and intire discourse , apart and sejunct from the other , namely , of our reconciliation with God , as the former verses had discoursed of that reconciliation which is wrought for us betweene our selves . And so the maine proportions of this parallel are these , that as that reconciliation betweene Jew and Gentile , wrought by Christ on the Crosse , had two parts , 1. Positive , making both one . 2. Privative , the amoveing the impediment that caused the enmity , v. 15. ( the consequent of which is the creating of both into one new man : ) So the Apostle discoursing , v. 16. of this other reconciliation with God , he therein intends to make like two parts thereof , answerable to the other , onely with a transposition of speech , 1. Positive , reconciliation to God in one body : 2. Privative , Having slaine that enmity , namely , against God : The resolution of all which is , as if he had said , Whereas there was a double enmity , one to God , another among our selves ; Christ that is our peace hath dealt with both : He having slaine the enmity betweene themselves , hath made both one : And having slaine in like manner the enmity to God , hath reconciled us unto God . Now that which cleares and confirmes this connexion is , 1. That this renders a more full and just analysis of the words , which is this : 1. That v. 14. He in generall proclaimes Christ our peace . And then 2. In the next words proceeds to the two particular branches , wherein Christ is made our peace , 1. Betweene our selves mutually , 2. Betweene God and us . And then 3. In the handling of either , observeth this parallel in either , namely , betweene a privotive part , slaying the enmity ; and a positive part , reconciling and making one , so enumerating the compleat requisites to either . Then 2. To shew , that these are indeed two disjunct and compleat discourses of two such heads of Reconciliation : He severs the first , v. 15. from the second , v. 16. by adding a full period , and as it were a Selah to the first , thus sealing up the v. 15. So making peace , namely , fully and compleatly , that peace , which had beene spoken of among Jew and Gentile , that so he might enter anew , and distinctly from this , upon that other of reconciling both unto God , which he doth , v. 16. Then 3. For the close of that 16. v. that he should in like manner bring in a second time these words , [ Having slaine the enmity ] upon occasion of his mentioning our reconciliation to God , argues still more , his aime to be to cut off the 16. v. from the 15. For if those words , v. 16. That he might reconcile us to God , had referred to that other [ Having slaine the enmity , v. 15. ] as a part of that sentence not made compleat ; then this second [ Having slaine the enmity ] needed not to have been : but doth rather shew , that there 's another enmity betweene God and us , distinct from the former intended by him ; and so the slaying thereof , joyned properly and genuinely with its fellow conjugate , namely , reconciliation unto God , as the former , v. 15. had in like manner beene connected with its conjugate also , making both one among themselves . If indeed the Apostle had carried his speech in the 15. v. thus , Having abolisht the enmity betweene them , that he might create one new man , and that he might reconcile both unto God in one body , and so ended his discourse of it : then these two , in their reference could not have beene parted : but he moreover adding to their reconciling to God , a second time these words , Having slain the enmity ( namely , that betweene God and us ) he so maketh the 16. v. an entire sentence and period of it self , as the 14 , and 15 , doe make in like manner a full period of themselves : and so the 14 , and 15 , are to be read and joyned thus ; Christ hath made both ( Jew and Gentile ) one , having slain the enmity ( that was betweene them : ) thus Beza and others : and answerably the 16. to this sense , with an easy and faire transposition , And having slaine , Or , And hath slaine the enmity ( namely , betweene God and them ) that he might reconcile both unto God in one body by the Crosse , on which he also slew that enmity . And whereas it will be said , That the word {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} , or ( And ) which the 16. v. begins with , seemeth to cast the reference of this , upon the former slaying the enmity , v. 15. and so the latter to be but an emphaticall repetition of the same : I answer , That that ( and ) v. 16. is but all one with moreover , as it is often used , as introducing a new and distinct discourse , added to a former . And so 4. As thus understood the parallel is rendred yet more full ; for as there is here found a double enmity , and an answerable double slaying of each in order to a double reconciliation , so to make up the parallel ( which the Apostle intended ) yet the more full , there are two further clauses added to each , fitly answering to one another . For as of the one he sayes , Having abolisht the enmity IN HIS FLESH , v. 15. so of the other ( the latter ) in like manner he speakes , having slaine that enmity IN HIMSELFE , v. 16. as the Greeke beares , and the margent varies it . Now as to any difficulty proposed , That which is left as materiall to be considered , is onely this ; How his having slaine that enmity betweene us our selves first , should be conceived to be the antecedent to reconcile us to God ? Now for answer hereunto ; 1. Besides , that according to that connexion which I have given , that the 16. v. should thus make up a full period of it selfe , and doth keepe it selfe intire within it selfe ( as v. 14 , and 15 , also doe ) and so not at all referring to the slaying the enmity , v. 15. as hath beene explained ; which coherence doth at once cut off the whole of that objection at first made : But besides this ( supposing it might take in , and referre to that slaying the enmity v. 15. among the Saints , as the antecedent , or at least ingredient unto their reconciliation with God ) there may perhaps this just assoylment be given thereto . That 2. In order of nature , All enmity must first be supposed removed , ere friendship or ( as here ) reconciliation , can be supposed to be procured : the reason of which is obvious to any judgement , first peace by slaying enmity , and then good will . And so upon this and the like grounds , these words , that he might reconcile unto God in one body , may well be supposed to have a secondary aspect to his having first abolisht the enmity between our selves , ver. 15. as well as our enmity against God , ver. 16. And the Apostle his adding [ IN ONE BODY ] ( which he studiously hath done ) shewes , that they being under that notion and respect reconciled unto God by Christ upon the Crosse ; that then withall at the same time , yea in order of nature , first , their enmities one against another were removed as well as against God himselfe : All sorts of Enmities being to be removed ere Any sort of Reconciliation attained , surely under that notion , they cannot be considered reconciled to God , but withall it must be said , they are at peace , and so made one among themselves , at least these two doe mutually argue each the other . If indeed there had beene roome left for us to conceive , that our reconciliation with God had beene so wrought by Christ for us , as for each person consider'd onely single , and apart ( though even so it was intended , namely for each and every person ; and this is involved in that other : ) Then indeed it might have beene supposed that their enmities to God , had been slain and done first away , and reconciliation wrought with him first , by one primary act , & then after that , ex consequenti , as a secondary worke , our reconciliation amongst our selves had been cast in , and followed thereupon ; or which is all one , wrought and procured by a second act or intention of Christs . But if in one and the same very individuall act , and intention of their being reconciled to God , they were considered [ AS ONE BODY ] and that this is put in as an involved ingredient thereinto , so , you must necessarily suppose their owne mutuall enmities done away also , at least together therewith , by one and the same individuall act also ; and this consideration if there were no other , is a sufficient salvo to the forementioned difficulty . Now how this reconciliation unto God in one Body was performed by Christ on the Crosse , I shall handle in the second Section of this discourse . I shall trouble you no further with untying this knot , or the drawing out into one smooth continued line , the series of this coherence : For however ( take the 16. ver. in which of these senses you please ) the words in the 14. and 15. ver. are sufficient bottome for the heads of that whole discourse I intend . For these words , ver. 14 , 15. doe undeniably ( as all must confesse ) treat of the reconciliation of the people of God among themselves , and sufficiently hold forth these two Generalls . 1. The work of Christ on the Crosse to procure it , He hath made both one , having slaine the enmity in his flesh : and hath virtually ( in the virtue of his death ) broke downe the partition wall that occasioned it , which in his providence he after ruined . And 2. the work of Christ by his spirit in us , creating both one new man in himselfe . And now take the other words ver. 16. in either sense , or in both , ( which are not inconsistent ) however this is observable even therein ; that the Apostle was not content to have setly pursued the Saints reconciliation among themselves , in those two whole verses , the 14 , 15. but when he speaks of reconciliation with God also , ver. 16. he must needs add , and put in that clause also , IN ONE BODY ; the reconciliation then of the Saints mutuall is upon all accounts , the principall intendment of the Apostle here . The Division of the words . The Principall Heads of this Discourse set out , which are foure . NOw for the DIVISION of the words , That will fall according to either the larger , or else the more speciall scope of the words . If we take them in that first and largest comprehensivenesse , as treating of both our reconciliation with God , and betweene our selves also , and how Christ our peace is both , so they admit of this division and Analysis : 1. That the generall theme and argument of the whole should be premised in these words , Christus Pax nostra , Christ is our peace ; which is the inscription of a Proclamation of him under one of his eminent Royall titles , Christ the great and perfect Peace maker . And then , 2. Proclaiming him such , in all the branches or particulars thereof , that may argue him such . 1. As an Universall Peace-maker , as both , being a peace betweene all sorts of persons at variance , and also extending his mediation to the removing of all sorts of enmities . 1. Persons , as 1. Betweene us , ver. 19. that is , among our selves , abolishing {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} that enmity , ver. 15. 2. Betweene God and us , slaying that enmity also , ver. 16. thus an Universall Peace-maker . 2. The establisher of a through and a perfect peace , both for time past , and time to come . 1. Who hath already made and concluded it , as in his owne person , {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} , he hath made it , {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} he hath dissolved and broke downe , and so not now to be done . And 2. the same secured for the future , even for ever ; these enmities being abolisht , ver. 14 , 15. that is , utterly abolisht , as never to get head ; slain , ver. 16. never to revive . 3. Our compleate peace as in respect to all parts , that concur to it , and wayes of peace to accomplish it , and make it sure . 1. In respect of Parts . Both 1. Negative by removing and destroying even the very occasion of the enmity : The partition wall of ordinances , breaking that downe , and againe , ver. 16. slaying the enmity it selfe . 2. Positive , expressed in two words , Reconciling , ver. 16. making both one , ver. 14 , 15. Then 4. By all sorts of wayes accomplishing it , 1. representing us in his person , as in one body , ver. 16. personating all his people , and under that consideration reconciling them to God , and one another . 2. Meritoriously , taking on his person , ( as representing their persons ) all their enmities , [ in his flesh ] or the humane nature , sayes the 15. v. Hanging on the Crosse , ver. 16. and so offering that up as one common sacrifice to God for all ; ( He is said to reconcile all in one body by the Crosse , ver. 16. ) 3. Efficiently by his spirit , creating both into one man , of all conjunctions the neerest , and that creation wrought in himselfe , of all foundations of union the firmest : for they being both created one man , & united in and to himselfe , he is able and will be sure to hold them for ever together . And to put the more evident notice upon all he had said or should say of him in this respect , he intermingleth in the midst of his discourse , this Selah or note of observation , so making peace , ( take notice of it sayes he ) So or THUS , Universally , perfectly , compleately , & eternally . And this is one account of the words , and indeed of the whole and every part and particle thereof . But if we single forth that more speciall and principall ayme , afore mentioned , Christus Pax nostra , as in relation unto making peace among us , the elect of God : so in stead of any accurate division of them , I shall onely draw forth these four propositions , which will suck into themselves the strength of what these words have in them , as to this great point . Namely , 1. The story of the greatnesse of that enmity , ( the greatest that ever was , ) betweene Jew and Gentile afore Christs comming , and a while after , by reason of those Jewish rites and ordinances of the Ceremoniall Law , which the Apostle by a Metonymie termeth therefore the enmity . 2. The story of Christs transactions on the Crosse , by which he virtually slew and abolisht this enmity , and meritoriously made them both one , and reconciled both in one body . 3. The story of their actuall accord , and becomming one as the records of the Acts of the Apostles , and they in their Epistles have presented it unto our view : and the principles by which , and the providences whereby , that partition wall was broke downe , and the enmity allayed ; chiefly by creating both one New man in himselfe . 4. That the instance of all this was intended by God as a PRECEDENT , and leading cause under the New Testament , to assure us , that whatsoever should fall out in after ages , of difference among the Saints , yet still however they both might and should in the issue be reconciled , and their differences in a like manner allayed and compounded ; as also to shew the wayes and principles whereby to effect it . I. SECTION . 1 Head . The Greatnes of that Enmity , which was between Jew and Gentile , untill Christ purchased their Reconciliation . FOr the first , I have to present you out of this text , with an instance of the deepest , and most lasting enmity , between two sorts of men chosen to be one body unto God , that shared as then the whole world between them , ( Jew and Gentile ) that ever was or will be in all ages : which yet was compounded by Christ . View we it first in the generall through those expressions the text useth of it . The Apostle sets it forth to us , not barely by tearms of distance and division , calling them {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} , Both or two , and {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} , twaine ; nor simply of being enemies in an ordinary way , but speaks of an enmity in the abstract , {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} ; a special enmity it was , not that which is common to man against man , ( who as the Holy Ghost that knows our nature tells us , are mutually hatefull to , and hating one another , Tit. 3. 1. ) But a knotted , twisted , combined enmity . That the word {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} disolved it , ver. 14. imports . A stirring active enmity , that lay not sleeping . This the word {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} , ver. 15. implies : He made it inefficacious , tooke away the strength , the energy , the operative virtue of it : Yea and if you will take in , and borrow from the expression ver. 16. {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} , He slew it . It was a living spritefull enmity , yea that had a rage in it , ( we on the contrary call such an one deadly , because it aimes at life : ) The * word beares up to this , non tam occidit quam trucidavit ; Christ did not barely kill it , but bloudily with a rage , as provoked with the fiercenesse that was found in the enmity it selfe . For the rage thereof was cruell , and reacht up to heaven , as the Scripture speaks . Likewise an old Hatred , ( as the Prophet Ezekiel in his times tearmed it , speaking of that between the PhilistimGentiles , and the Jewes ; but this was now grown much older , in all , of 2000. yeares continuance , ) even from the first time wherein God separated the people from the rest of the Nations , as in Abraham by circumcision he did . A wall of separation ( if I may pursue the Metaphor in the text ) whose foundation was laid in Abrahams time , when circumcision was first given ( for that began the quarrell ) reared up higher by Moses rites , Further lengthned and stretched out in all the times of the Prophets , throughout all ages , untill Christ who came to abolish it , and breake it downe . And lastly , an Universall hatred in the Jewes to all Nations , and in all Nations to the Jewes . Even all who were called {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} , Gentiles in the flesh , and uncircumcision by that which is called circumcision , ver. 11. as all Nations were tearmed and reckoned by them . Thus God foreordained , that as to honour his Sonne in reconciling us to himselfe , he permits the greatest sins and enmities to be in the hearts and lives of those he intends to save , against himselfe : so likewise that the highest and toughest animosities should be found , amongst those , ( when he should come on earth , ) that were ordained to be his people , to shew the Soveraigne power , and efficacy of his mediation , in constituting them one new-man in himselfe . These but in generall for a foundation out of the text . The story of the Particulars of it hath two branches : 1. What it was betweene them before Christ , and the conversion of either to the Christian faith . 2. What after conversion , and that both equally had embraced Christ . 1. Take the elevation of it before , both out of the Scriptures and other authentique Testimonies : Both , 1. Of the Jew against the Gentile . 2. Of the Gentile against the Jew . And I shall withall by the way , make a parallel of the one with the other . 1. Of the Jew against the Gentile . The quarrell was begun indeed by them ; they out of a carnall fleshly boasting of their priviledge to be the onely people of God , ( as they were ) scorned and contemned the poore Gentiles . The 11. verse insinuates this : Yea were Gentiles who are called uncircumcision by that ( nation namely ) which is called the circumcision in the flesh . It began at Nicknames : and the Jewes were they , that began to call names first , as interpreters have observed . And it began early , almost from the time when the seed of Abraham first received that badge of difference . You heare on 't in Jacobs time , To give our sister to one that is uncircumcised , that were a reproach to us . Gen. 34. 14. say the sons of Jacob in the case of Dinah . And after amongst all the race of the Jewes both good and bad in all ages , The same was used as a reproach , as by Sampson , Judg. 15. 18. by Jonathan , 1 Sam. 14. 16. By David , Chap. 17. 26. 36. By Saul , Chap. 31. 4. They judging it , ( though but a circumstance , yet ) far worse then death it selfe , to dye by the hands of the uncircumcised , or have the daughters of the uncircumcised triumph . 2 Sam. 1. 20. And in the Prophets uncircumcised and uncleane are all one . Isa. 32. 1. When they would accurse one to the most accursed death , ( as all Nations , according to what they have esteemed the worst of Deaths , they have accordingly expressed such like curses ; As Abi in malam crucem , among the Romans ) Let him dye ( said the Jew ) the death of the uncircumcised , as Ezek. 28. 10. When they imprecated the most ignominious buriall , Thou shalt lye in the midst of the uncircumcised , Ezek. 31. 18. A person excommunicate , accursed , and a heathen was to them all one ; Let him be as an heathen , Mat. 18. and they distinguish themselves from the Gentiles , by appropriating the title of sinners , wholly to the Gentiles ; we that are Jewes BY nature , and not sinners of the Gentiles , Gal. 2. 15. and God foreseeing how apt their spirits were to grow from hence into an abhorrency of all other Nations , made a specall Law to prevent it , concerning some particular Nations . Deut. 23. 7. Thou shalt not abhor an Edomite , for he is thy brother : thou shalt not abhor an Egyptian , because thou wast a stranger in his Land . Next see this enmity expressed in their carriages and dealings with the Gentiles , they not onely not communicate with them in sacris , in holy things , but their zeale was such , and this after the light of Christianity appeared to them , that they would have killed Paul , Acts 21. 31. for no other crime but this , ver. 28. This is the man hath brought Greeks , ( that is Heathens ) into the Temple , and hath polluted the holy place , ver. 28. nay they accounted it an abhominable thing , {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} , ( as in 1 Pet. 4. 3. the word is rendred , abominable Idolatry ) and so the vulgar Here ) to keepe company , that is , familiarly , yea or so much as to come , ( unnecessarily , ) to one of another Nation ; founding all this , upon that which was a peculiar command , upon a speciall ground , against the Ammonites and Moabites , Deut. 23. 6. Thou shalt not seeke their peace , nor their prosperity all thy dayes for ever . This they extended to all Nations : and This to that rigidity , that they would not doe ordinary courtesies of common humanity , Non monstrare vias eadem nisi sacra colenti , sayes Juvenal , not tell a mans way , to a poore wanderer , an act of civility : Non ad fontem deducere , to lead to a well for water , which was an act of charity . The Woman of Samaaia therefore wonders at Christ , Joh. 4. 8 , 9. How is it that thou being a Jew , askest drinke of me , which am a woman of Samaria ? for the Jewes have no dealings with the Samaritans . Each one of you ( sayes Christ ) will , and that on the Sabbath day , loose his Oxe or his Asse from the stall , and leade him away to watering , Luke 13. 15. but they would not doe thus much for an Heathen though ready to perish for thirst , not shew him a Well hard by , sayes the same Juvenal in the same place , Quaesitum ad fontem solos deducere verpos : not give a cup of cold water , which Christ makes the least of curtesies , save onely to their own * Verpi , as we say vermin and circumcised ones . So Juvenal scoffs them , & hoc Judaicum Jus , This is the Jewish Law . And no wonder of all this , for indeed they accounted all the Heathen as beasts made to be destroyed : ( upon the mistake of their Commission concerning those seven Nations , given up by God the Judge of the World ( in whose soveraignty it was , ) into their hands . ) Even Christ speaking in the common language of the Jewes , calls the Syropheniciam Woman and all the Gentiles doggs , Mat. 15. 25 , 26. as the Turkes call Christians at this day ; yea out of their own records some of the Rabbinicall interpreters upon Deut. 21. 11. they have delivered , that they accounted them feris deteriores , worse then beasts , & nuptias eorum innuptas , their marriages , no marriages , and therefore nec homicidium nec adulterium in eos committi posse , that it was no adultery to abuse their Wives , no murther to kill any of them , no robbery to take from them , by never so much violence . Which Josephus Albo Justifies in his disputation adversus Christianos , giving this reason , that be that lived without their Law and worshipt false Gods , he was a common enemy , & in eum illicitum nihil , and nothing can be unlawfull , that is done against him by them . Can malice be supposed to rise any higher ? and yet in that Nation it did against these poore Gentiles . 1 Thess. 2. 16 , 17. Contrary they are to all men , and it followes , forbidding us to preach to the Gentiles , that they might be saved . The Apostle speaking it by way of aggravation , of their malice , seemes to intend it not onely consequenter , that they denied them the Gospell , without which , they could not be saved : but farther intentionaliter , what was in their intentions , that suppose , they had thought the Gospell a meanes of salvation , they would have forbad it to be preacht to them , that they might not be saved . Is there not worke for a Peacemaker now ? This on the JEVVES PART . And can we think the GENTILES were behind hand with them ? and yet the truth is , the Gentiles were the more moderate of the two , as the 11 verse here , and the Parable of the good Samaritane , that poured Oyle into a strangers wounds , and the story of the Samaritan Woman , All shew : for shee layes fault on the Jew , that HE would not aske water of a Samaritan , and not è contra . It were too much to reckon up all that might be , out of their Poets and Historians . I will but so far make mention of some Testimonies of the Gentiles hatred against the Jewes , as they make up a parallel with what hath beene said of the Jewish enmity against the Gentiles : thereby to manifest that the Gentiles were even with them , if not in malice , get in jeeres and scornes . 1. Did the Jewes reproach them as uncircumcised , as you heard ? the Gentiles on the contrary scorned the Jewes as much for circumcision , calling them Apellas , Judaeus Apella : Curtos , so * Horace ; Recutitos , so † Martial . And * Persius , Verpos , as also Juvenal . There is wit in these , but so unseemly as I must forbeare to English them : They were jeeres at their circumcision . 2. Did the Jewes abhor the Gentiles and not converse with them ? the Gentiles on the other side would hold their Nose at the Jewes when they met them , and cry * Faetentes Judaeos , stinking Jewes : † vel fortuitum eorum occursum oculis horrebant , animo persequebantur , they abhord the sight of them , if by chance they met them . And 3. esteemed them of all Nations the worst : so Marcus the Emperour , but passing through Judaea to Egypt , and observing their manners , dolenter dicitur exclamasse , O Marcomanni , O Quadi , O Sarmatas , tandem alios vobis deteriores inveni : which was as if when wee would expresse the wretchednesse of any Nation we accounted most vile , should say , O you Canniballs , yea barbarous savages , that are found amongst the wildest Africans or Americans , We have at length found , and light upon a Generation of men , worse by far then you . In this manner doth he speak of these Iewes . And 4. As the Iewes turned it into a curse to be a Gentile , as you heard : so the Gentiles in their cursings , turned the like upon the Jewes . Jer. 24. 9. And I will deliver them to be removed into all the Kingdomes of the Earth for their hurt , to BE AREPROCH , and a PROVERB , and a TAVNT , and a CURSE in all places whither I shall drive them . It was Gods own Retaliation upon them and fulfilled ; as we now , so the Hearthen then imprecated on themselves , I were a Iew , if I did so or so , and thus in all places , as the Prophet hath it : yea Jer. 42. 18. they were made , an EXECRATION , AN ASTONISHMENT , and A CURSE . What can be more ? 5. As they esteemed all other Nations as Doggs and Beasts : the Gentile doth the like by them , and reckons them but as Swine , the most contemtible of Beasts , and this in a witty retortion from the Iewish practices , Nec distare putant humana carne suillam . putting this interpreation upon their forbearance to eate swines flesh , that mankind and swine were alike to them . And 6. As they hated all Nations , so the Gentiles resented accordingly this Catholique spirit in the Jew against them all , which turned their hearts universally to hate them . Ashuerus had 127. Provinces , amongst which , the Jewes ( as we reade ) had enemies in them all . Est . 8. 9. and 9. 16. compared , whom the Kings Letters restrained with difficulty from falling on them in every Nation : And they accuse and arraign the Jewes , 1. As hurtfull to Kings and Provinces , Ezra 4. 15. as continually moving sedition , in the same place of Ezra 4. 15. They are a people that of old time have moved sedition . And the same aspersion went current among the Romanes and Greekes many hundred yeeres after : These men being Jewes doe exceedingly trouble our City , Acts 16. 20. say the Philippians to the Magistrates of the City . They lay their accusation that it was the genius of the Nation : it is their Knowne custome so to doe . 2. As unsociable to the rest of mankind . Antiochus friends in Diodorus pleaded thus against the Jew : That they alone of all Nations were insociable , and not capable of any mixture or coalescency with them ; no not at table ; {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} . In Esther you have the same intimated , c. 3. 8. There is a certaine people ( speaking of the Jewes ) scattered abroad and dispersed among the people , whose lawes are diverse from all people , &c. 3. The Gentiles accused them as enemies to all Nations , so in that of Diodorus , {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} , that they wisht well to none : and not only so , {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} , to account all others enemies . So also Tacitus l 5. adversus omnes alios hostile odium , an hostile and deadly hatred is in them against all others . Yea {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} , haters of mankind ; so also it followes there in Diodorus . 'T is strange the Apostle should expresse it , in the very same manner , and neere the same words , They ARE CONTRARY TO ALL MEN , and God they please not , 1 Thess. 2. 16 , 17. 4. As they founded their hatred against the Gentiles on this , that they were Worshippers of other Gods , so the Gentiles accused and detested them as * Hostes immortalium Deorum , Enemies of the immortall Gods : and Religion was the cause of all this , these rites here were the partition wall . And Lastly , Under the notion of such a manner of persons as these , were they universally hated by all Nations , as the Bookes of the Prophets doe shew , especially Ezekiel and Jeremy , where the Cup is carried to all Nations for no other crime then their enmity to the Jewes ; likewise the Bookes of Esther and Ezra : and accordingly persecuted they were , upon that account ; banisht out of Rome againe and againe , as by Claudius , Acts 16. 20. As by other Emperours : and at last they destroyed both their City and Common-wealth . You have seene the enmities of both . And was there not cause to wish and pray , as David Ps. 14. upon the like occasion , Oh that the salvation ( or Saviour and Messiah ) were come out of Sion : or , The desire of all Nations were come ? This for the story of their enmity afore their conversion : that of their enmity and dissentions that continued after , though proper to this , yet comes more fitly in , and cannot be disjoynted from the third part of this Discourse , where it will have its place in order , to shew , How those enmities were actually allayed , and composed betweene them . II. PART . II. Head . What hath been done in the person of Christ himselfe on the Crosse , Virtually and Representatively , towards our reconciliation Mutuall . A two-fold reconciliation between the Saints themselves , in and by Christ , held forth in the words , and distinguisht . THis second is to unfold the transactions by which Christ hath virtually slaine and abolisht all this enmity , and procured this peace . Now to make way for the distinct handling of what belongs to this second Head from what is to follow in the third ; And to sever the one from the other , I desire that in the text this difference may be observed betweene the things that Christ hath done for the effecting and accomplishment of that peace . 1. What was transacted and done simply and abstractly in his owne person alone , for the procurement of it , On the Crosse . 2. What he workes efficiently in us , ( though concretely , in himselfe , upon us ) by his Spirit ; and through Providences , to the full accomplishment thereof . The first of these belongs to this second Head ; the last of these takes up the third Head . Onely for the clearing of this method , I shall desire it may be noticed , how evidently in the text , these two sorts of workings by Christ are distinguished each from other , and ranged there in the order I have proposed them . Here is manifestly a double making of these twaine one : 1. The one exprest in time past ; the other as to come , and to be perfected . 1. {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} , who hath made both one , v. 14. and {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} , having abolisht , v. 15. in his owne flesh personally . 2. {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} , That he might make both one . The first antecedent , and already done ; the other consequent , and to be accomplisht : the latter distinguisht from the former , as the consequent or effect from its cause : He hath made both one , THAT HE MIGHT create both one into one new man ; the influence and vertue of the first , bringing about the latter . And 2. accordingly in the Originall , these two are further distinguished by words of a different import ( though our Translation hath taken no notice of it , but hath folded them up each , under one and the same word [ making one ] so making them one indeed ; But ) the first {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} making one , v. 14. is of a more large signification , and is appliable and extendible to expresse ( as here also it is intended ) a virtuall , influentiall making Us one in his own person , afore we are made one in our selves . The latter {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} ( more restrictive ) properly and strictly signifies Creation , [ CREATING both one ] or making both one by a new creation : And therefore [ IN ONE NEW MAN , ] is added as the product of this second kind of making : and this imports a physicall efficiency , and working upon us ; a moulding and forming us , by creation , into this onenesse among our selves , although the mould in which this latter is wrought and cast , is his person also , [ in himselfe : ] Yet not in himselfe , considered personally and alone , but as uniting us to himselfe , and so working upon us concretely through in and by himselfe . And therefore 3. they differ , the first being performed in himselfe singly , personally when he was in this world , and especially on the Crosse , and is therefore exprest as past , Hath made one , as a businesse done , and perfected already , as much ( in respect of such a way making one ) as ever it shall be . The other to be effected afterwards in us , in our severall ages , and by degrees , as the new Creature is : that he might create of two , one new man . To illustrate the difference of these two makings one , but in one parallel instance ( although the like duplicate is found , and distinction holds in all kind of works done in us , and for us by Christ : ) because it is the next akin to this . The parallel is that of Reconciliation or making peace betweene God and the Saints . These two workes , as they are the neerest twins of all other done for us by Christ : so are they , herein , exactly parallel and alike . Now unto the accomplishment of our reconciliation with God , a double reconciliation is necessary : The one wrought out of us , in Christs person for us ; God was in Christ reconciling the world : The other in us ; We beseech you to be reconciled to God , 1 Cor. 5. 19 , 20. The like holds in this our Reconciliation Mutuall . Or to set the likenesse of these Gemelli to your view in another glasse ( that is , another Scripture ) that gives forth the neernesse of the resemblance of this sort of Reconciliation , in parallel words and lines , to those in the text , it is , 1 Coloss. 20. He sayes first , Christ having made peace by the bloud of his Crosse , to reconcile all to himselfe ; this is a work already done , and done FOR ALL , at once , meritoriously , and representatively , as there it followes . [ In the body of his flesh through death , v. 22. ] After which he speakes of another reconciliation of us , wrought in us , towards God too , in these words , And you that were enemies hath he NOVV reconciled . This latter therefore wrought since , and after the former , was perfected , as the effect of it . The very same or like here you have expressed of that reconciliation or making one of the Saints mutually , which we have in hand . 1. He hath made both one , v. 14. in his flesh , v. 15. in one body by the Crosse , v. 16. thus meritoriously and representatively . 2. That he might create of twaine in one new man , so efficiently : Both must goe in their severall seasons and successions to the effecting thereof , or there would not be peace . I have given you the grounds for these generall heads out of the text ; I come to such particular branches of each , as into which the text also spreads it selfe , and is a roote unto them . 1 SECTION . Two Branches of what Christ did in his own person , On the Crosse , to reconcile the Saints . 1. By way of sacrifice , and taking on him their enmities . 2. Of representation , [ in one body ] in himselfe . THat which is proper ( as was said ) to this PART , is , What hath beene done in Christs own person . The particulars hereof are two , which I find in the text , ( to the materialls of which I confine my selfe , and shall take them in that order in which they lye : ) 1. By way of sacrifice , having taken on him before God the enmities of both against each other , and so offering up his flesh as a sacrifice for both . The 2. By a voluntary assuming and gathering the persons of all the Elect into one BODY in himselfe : he representing and sustaining their persons , and so [ in one body ] reconciling them unto God . Both are expressely and distinctly mentioned : The first in these words , Having abolisht the enmity ( namely , between them ) in his flesh : which flesh , taking on him their enmities , was made a sacrifice on the Crosse , therefore v. 16. By the Crosse is added . The second in these words , That he might reconcile both to God in one body : and though both these were performed at once , and by one individuall act , yet that act is to be lookt at , as having these two distinct considerations concurring in it . And the first in order of nature , making way for the second , as in opening the connexion of v. 15 , and 16. I have already shewed ; I must handle them therefore each apart . How Christs offering himselfe up as a sacrifice to God , and his standing as a common person in our stead before God , should abolish all our enmities against God himselfe , and reconcile us unto him , This is ordinarily and generally apprehended , and were proper to speake of , if our reconciliation to God himselfe had beene the theme set out to be treated of : But how these very same acts and transactions of Christ should together therewith conduce to our reconciliation one with another , this onely is genuine at this time , and to be eyed as the direct and proper levell of what doth ensue : although even this is so involved with that other , that this cannot be explicated without supposing and glancing thereat : this but to set and keepe the Readers eye steady upon the single marke aymed at . 1. Branch . Two things to explicate the first Branch . 1. That Christs offering himselfe was intended as a sacrifice for Enmities betweene the Saints , as well as against God . TWo things are distinctly to be spoken unto for the clearing of these things . 1. That the offering up Christs flesh on the Crosse , was intended as a sacrifice , as well for our reconciliation mutuall , as for reconciliation with God . 2. How according to the analogy of the ends , use , and intent of sacrifices of old , the offering up of Christs flesh should be intended and directed as a sacrifice , to take away these our owne enmities , and make peace and friendship amongst our selves . For the first , which is the {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} of this point , That as a sacrifice it was so intended , the whole frame and contexture of these words doth evince it . 1. When he sayes v. 15. That he hath abolisht the enmity in his flesh , he doth undeniably intend that enmity which was betweene these twaine , the Jew and Gentile ( this hath beene proved afore : ) and therefore he is found particularly to instance in the rites of the ceremoniall Law , ( which by a metonymie he calls the enmity , ) as the outward occasion of that bitter enmity in each others hearts . Now then 2. That this enmity was taken away by his flesh as a sacrifice ; First , The laying together the phrases of the Text , evinceth it ; as when he sayes , He hath abolisht this enmity in his flesh . 1. In saying the enmity in his flesh , it necessarily imports his having taken that enmity in or upon his owne flesh , to answer for it in their stead . Even as well , as when in the 16. verse , he is said to have slaine the enmity ( namely , against God ) in himselfe ; thereby is intended , that he tooke that enmity on himselfe ; undertaking to pacify and allay , and by being himselfe slaine , to slay it . 2. In saying in the time past , that he hath abolisht it , in his flesh , this notes out a virtuall act perfectly done and past , ( as in him : ) by vertue of which it is to be destroyed actually in us after . Unto which 3. adde that in the 16. v. there is an additionall word [ By the Crosse ] put in , which {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} , or in common , is to be referrd to the abolishing of this enmity in his flesh , v. 15. and reconciling us mutually ; as well as to the slaying of the enmity against God mentioned , v. 16. as that which equally and alike shewes the way , how , we are to understand that in his flesh , he hath perfectly abolisht both these enmities ; namely , by taking on his flesh that enmity , and offering it up upon the Crosse as a sacrifice for it . For to say , by the Crosse , or by the sacrifice of himselfe on the Crosse , is all one : so as what the one verse wants , the other supplies : In his flesh , sayes the 15. v. By the Crosse , sayes the 16. and ( which will warrant this ) we have elswhere both put together , 1 Coloss. 20 , 22. By the bloud of his Crosse , in the body of his flesh , through death . 2. The paralleling this place with that of the 2 Coloss. argues this : The enmity here instanced in , by a metonymie is the rites of the ceremoniall Law : which he is sayd to have made voyd or weake . Thus expressely v. 15. Having abolisht in his flesh the enmity , the Law of Commandements in Ordinances : Now the abolishing thereof is in that second to the Colossians expressely said to have beene by the sacrifice of His Flesh on the Crosse : or which is all one , That , by His being nayled to the Crosse , He nayled it to His Crosse , Coloss. 2. 14. Blotting out the hand-writing of Ordinances that was against us , and tooke it out of the way , NAYLING IT TO HIS CROSSE , which fully accords with this Text , He abolisht it in his Flesh by the Crosse . Lastly , ( for a winding up of this ) The parallel which the Apostle observeth in his Discourse betweene his effecting our Peace and Reconciliation with God , and this our Peace and Reconciliation one with another , will induce to it : He being first alike in common termed our peace . v. 14. in respect to either . Then to demonstrate each apart , a double enmity ( as I observed at first ) is distinctly and apart mentioned by him . The one v. 15. the other v. 16. Of the one he sayes , he hath abolisht : of the other , hee hath slaine it : of the one he sayes , he hath abolisht it in His Flesh : of the other , in himselfe ( as the Greeke hath it v. 16. ) And so those words by the Crosse are common to each : As those first words , [ He is our Peace ] were to all that followed . And so as the Parallel hath hitherto run along in these particulars , so it holds on , that looke How in this , or by what way He slew the enmity betwixt God and us , on the Crosse , by the same way he abolisht the enmity betweene the Jew and Gentile , or the people of God mutually : But he slew the enmity betweene God and us , on the Crosse by taking those our enmities against God on Himselfe , and they being found on him , he was slaine and sacrificed for them on the Crosse , and thereby slew them and reconciled us to God : In like manner then it is to be understood , that HE first tooke all our enmities against one another on His Flesh [ in His Flesh ] sayes the Text : ( and it was the generall intent of Sacrifices to be offred up , for what was layd upon them or reckoned to them . ) And so , our enmities being there all found in His Flesh , that Flesh was offred up for them , and so they were all dissolved and abolisht and made weak , as the Text speaks of them , in his being dissolved or made weake ( as the 2 Cor. 13. and Phil. 3. speakes in like manner of him . ) So then as there was a double enmity , and a double slaying which the Apostle mentions ; so there must be in this one Sacrifice a double consideration in the intention thereof : It is a Sacrifice serving at once , to slay & abolish both the one and the other : he being in common alike and indifferently termed , Our peace , as in relation unto either ; there being nothing also done for us by Christ , but the like was first done on Himselfe . The second thing to explicate the first Branch . That one end or Use of Sacrifices , both among Jewes and Gentiles , was to ratifie peace betweene Man and Man , as truly as betweene God and Man : and that Christs Sacrifice holds an Analogie herein to other Sacrifices . THis being cleared , I come to the second , the {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} , namely to demonstrate how according to the Analogy of the ends , and use of sacrificing of old in the shadow , Christs Sacrifice was likewise intended and directed to make peace betweene Man and Man , Jew and Gentile , as truly and as genuinely as betweene God and Man . For the illustration of this , we must know and consider , that of old Feuds or enmities betweene Man and Man , were removed and put to an end , by Sacrifice : and also leagues of amity and friendship even betweene Man and Man , were antiently ratified and confirmed , and Reconciliation established by Sacrifices : and as by Sacrifices so likewise AFTER Sacrifices , or over and beside Sacrifices , by eating and feasting together , and this both among Jewes and Gentiles ( of which latter , namely , that by eating together , friendship was sealed , we shall have further use anon to confirme and explicate this very Notion in hand . ) I say leagues of peace and friendship were used to be ratifyed by Sacrifices solemnly afore God : so to make such Covenants , a matter of Religion ( to bind the stronglier : ) and not to be meerly the obligations of humane faith and honesty : even by this , that men did finde them ratifyed in the presence of a Deity ; which they worshipt as their God , by so solemne and Religious and Action ; which did withall invocate from God a curse upon the infringers of that peace and friendship made thereby . This to have beene their use , I am to cleare . We may consider that though all Sacrifices were offred up afore and unto God , yet not all onely by way of expiation , or atonement made unto God , or as expressions of thankfulnesse unto him : but some were Sacrifices of pacification , and faederall in their intention , betweene Man and Man , being offred up before God as a witnesse and avenger . This to have been one use of Sacrifices is evident both among Jewes , and likewise Gentiles ( who were in their Sacrifices and the rites thereof imitators of the Jews . ) 1. The Jewes . Jer. 34. from v. 8. &c. we reade , That Zedekiah the King made a solemne Covenant with the people , and they with their servants to let them goe free according to Gods Law in that behalf made Exod. 21. 1. and Deut. 15. 12. and this Sacrificiall Covenant was solemnely performed in Gods House , and before God , as v. 15. and 18. The rites of it were , They cut a Calfe in twaine , and passed betweene the parts of the Calfe , even the Princes and all the people , v. 19. in token that it was one common Sacrifice between All those parties , Masters and Servants , and the joint act of each , which being thus solemne , afore God , carried with it an implicit or tacit execration , That if either brake this Covenant in this manner confirmed , then let God so deale with them , as this Calfe sacrificed was dealt withall : and therefore these having broken this Covenant , v. 11. ( which breach of Faith was the occasion of this part of Jeremies message to them ) God threatens to bring the curse invocated and signified by that rite , upon them , and to retaliate the like unto them v. 18. I will GIVE the men that have transgressed MY COVENANT so he calls it , because the matter of it was his command , and it had been ratified before him , as it followes : ) which have not performed the words of the COVENANT which they had made BEFORE ME , when they cut the Calfe in twain , and passed betweene the parts thereof . That , therefore [ I will give , ] it is verbum similitudinis ( as 't is often used : ) whose meaning is , I will make them as that Calfe , I will answerably deale with them : and so it is explained ; I will give them into the hands of them that seeke their life , and expose them to the Sword of the slayer , to slay at his pleasure , as you have done this beast , which you Sacrificed : and their dead bodies shall be for meate to the fowls of Heaven , &c. The like intendment of Sacrifices with the same rite , and like imprecation to confirm Leagues and Covenants , & end feuds , was in use among the Heathen , as might be evidenced by many Quotations , which I have met withall . To instance in one out of Livy which is most punctuall to the thing in hand , and parallel to the former out of Jeremy . They cut a beast in two , The midst and the head with the bowells were placed at the right hand of the way : and the hinder parts on the left hand , and both the Armies ( that made the league , ) passed betweene this divided Sacrifice . And as the same rites with the former are expressed in this , so the same imprecation is recorded at the making of this Covenant , and by Sacrifice confirmed , recorded by the same Author , when these two Nations , Albanes and Romanes , made this league : Si prius defexit , Tu illum Jupiter sic ferito , ut ego hunc porcum hodie feriam : Let God strike him that breakes it , as I strike this Swine , sayd the Sacrificer . Et caesâ jungebant foedera porcâ . Aeneid Virgil . l. 8. The Holy Ghost speakes in like language , Psal. 50. 5. My people that have made a Covenant with me by Sacrifice . To bring all this home to the point in hand : There being to be a perpetuall League and Covenant of Peace to be strucken between Jew and Gentile , and all other the elect of God , who should be at variance in any Age ; and Christ having interposed himselfe as a Mediatour for us to God , he did with all undertake to be an Arbiter betweene them , ( and us all ) among Our selves , for all Our differences also : and he offred up his Flesh as one common Sacrifice upon the Crosse , at once to be expiatory , to God , to blot out the sinnes and enmities of ours against God Himselfe : So also pacificatory betweene Man and Man , Jew and Gentile , and all other the elect : and therein answering to , and fulfilling one true end and intendment of Sacrifices , as well as in the other of making atonement to God . And the Text you see having said first , that hee is made our Peace , in making both One , vers. 14. and then pointing us to his Flesh , as ( in ) which he bore their enmities , vers. 15. and then carrying us to the Crosse , vers. 16. it evidently ( as was said , ) argues , That Hee was made our Peace , by being thus made a pacificatory Sacrifice , for both . And surely ( if there were no other reason to confirme it , ) all Sacrifices in all their ends and uses having beene but shadowes of this , and His Flesh and the Sacrificing it being the subtance , this eminent Sacrifice of his must needs be supposed ( as such , ) to have the Perfection , Use and Efficacy , that all other Sacrifices could any way be supposed subservient unto , or it had not beene the complete perfection of them ; Especially there being this need of having His Sacrifice directed to this end , as well as to that other , there falling out so great animosities among those that were members of Him ; which as it call'd for a Sacrifice to bee offred up to allay and destroy them : so CHRIST in Sacrificing Himselfe would not leave out , or lose this part of His Glory and Perfection in this respect . Hence accordingly , as here He is termed our Peace ; so elsewhere the Covenant of the People , and both in the like latitude of sense and meaning . When here He is called our Peace , the meaning extends not onely to His being our Peace betweene God and us ; but betweene our selves also : so when Hee is called the Covenant of the People , it intends not onely His being a Covenant unto God for us , but a Covenant afore God OF US ; or ( as there 't is expressed ) of the People of God , namely among themselves . Hee is twice so called , and with much evidence , as to this sense : Isai. 4 2. 6. I will give thee for a Covenant of the People , that is , ( sayes Sanctius , ) to the Jew , and for a light of the Geatiles : and thus a Covenant of both . And Ch. 49. 8. For a Covenant of the People to establish the Earth , that is , to this end , to settle in peace the whole Earth , both Jew and Gentile ; so then a Covenant of the People ( as you see ) even in this very respect : Peace on Earth , among men , as well as good will toward men from God in Heaven , being the foote of that Song was sung at His Birth , and the sum of what is here said ; He is our Peace . II. SECTION . The Analogy betweene the Rites of such pacificatory Sacrifices , and this Sacrifice of Christs as offred up for our mutuall enmities : and how This end and intention of Christs Sacrifice is held forth in the Lords Supper . NOw observe further , A correspondency unto those rites mentioned , that were used in those Sacrifices of peace , also held forth in this Sacrifice of His . The Beast in such cases was divided and cut in twain for both parties to passe through , and so peace to be made between them . And Christ to make both , or , twain one ( as here , ) was divided and cut ( as it were ) in twain : The Godhead for a time forsaking the manhood , My God , my God , why hast thou forsaken me ? His Soule also being by Death separated from His Body ; his joynts loosned , to dissolve this enmity ; the vaile of His Flesh rent , to rend the partition wall . Thus He was cut in twain as one common Sacrifice , between both . And againe as the sacrificing of the beast cut a sunder was reckoned the common joynt Act of both parties in such a case , and they were esteemed by God , and by one another , each to have an hand in the sacrificing of it , and as consenting to the Covenant and peace that was intended to be entred into and ratified by it : so here in this . And though we then personally existed not , yet all we being considered in Him , by God , ( who gave us to Him ; ) and by Himselfe , that voluntarily sustained our persons , and He offering up Himselfe as a Sacrifice on our behalfe , and for our behoofe and in our names ; Hence His Will in offring up Himselfe , was volunt as totius , the act and will of the whole body , whose persons He sustayned ; our wills were thereby involved in His will ; His act was our act : and it may truly be said , that a Covenant of peace was then made afore God , BY US , and for us : for He was our Priest therein for us , as well as our Sacrifice . And hence in a further correspondency to the manner of those typicall Sacrifices : Therein although the Priest onely offred up the Sacrifice for the People , and in their name and stead , yet to shew it was their act , they used to eate of it after , or of that which was offred up with it . The interpretation of which eating thereof , by the People , the Apostle gives us to be this , 1 Cor. 10. 18. They that did eate of the Sacrifices were partakers of the Altar : that is , thereby they declared the Sacrifice to be theirs , the offering it up to be their Act , that they partook , and had an hand in it , as if they had been at the Altar with the Priest himselfe . Just in like manner , to shew that we were reckoned consenting to , and partakers in this sacrifice of Christ our Priest , and that it was our own act , we doe in like manner partake of that Sacrifice by eating of it ; The Lords Supper being as Tertullian rightly termed it , Participatio Sacrificii , which Notion the Apostle there confirmes in a parallel of the Lords Supper in this very respect , to the case of those Sacrifices then ( for unto this purpose it was that he brings in that instance of the sacrifices , v. 16. ) The bread which we breake , ( sayes he ) is it not the communion of the body of Christ ? namely considered , as sacrificed once upon the altar of the Crosse , and so by eating thereof , we are all partakers of that one bread , as the thing signifying ; and of that one body sacrificed , as the thing signified : and so by this way of partaking therein , namely , by eating thereof , is shewn , as in the sacrifices of old , that it is our owne sacrifice . And this not onely as a Estius upon the place , who sayes , That by eating they were accounted partakers of the sacrifice , as that which was offered for them : But further as b Grotius , ( speaking of the Lords Supper , upon Mat. 26. 25. ) They are in Christs intent , sayes he , through their eating thereof , So partakers of this his sacrifice , quasi ipsi hoc obtulissent , as if themselves had offered it up . And thus to hold forth this previous consent of theirs , was one part of Christs intent in instituting eating and drinking in the Lords Supper , in a correspondency to the like mysterious intent in the peoples eating of the sacrifices of old : Grotius indeed puts the reason , why it is to be esteemed , as if we had offered up that sacrifice , onely upon this , because it was offered up by him ( sayes he ) that had taken their nature : but I adde out of this text , because he had tooke on him their persons , in One Body , and their enmities , and stood in their stead , as their Priest , as well as their sacrifice : and so it was to be reckond their act on his Crosse , as much as the peoples then , who used to bring the sacrifice to the Priest , who , there , offered it alone upon the Altar ; whereas here WE ( our selves ) were brought to Christ by the Father to undertake to be a Priest for Us , and he voluntarily undertooke Our persons . And so , as Levi is accounted to have offered tithes in Abraham his Father , when he paid them to Melchisedech ; so we much rather to have offered up a common sacrifice of peace amongst our selves , when Christ offered up himselfe . And hence also likewise , as in those pacificatory foederall sacrifices between two parties of men , whoever of them went about to violate or infringe the tearmes of peace , that sacrifice was intended to confirme , did ( by reason it was his act ) bring upon himselfe the curse , which ceremonially and visibly was inflicted on the beast or sacrifice slaine : so here this act of sacrificing of Christ for mutuall peace being thus interpretativè OURS , and our consent involved , Hence I say in like manner , whoever goeth about to breake this Covenant , and seeketh to uphold the enmity among the people of God , he doth not onely renounce his owne act , but what in him lies , frustrates that intention of it ; and so further incurres the imprecation infolded in it , and brings upon himselfe the bloud of the Covenant , as in allusion to this curse ( according to the implyed intent of such a sacrificiall Covenant ) the Apostle speakes Heb. 10. Now further to finish this Branch , let this be added ; That Christ was not simply offered up as a sacrifice to confirme a meere or bare league of peace and amity betweene us : ( sometimes such sacrifices afore spoken of were designed onely to make and bind new Leagues and Covenants betweene such parties , as never had beene at variance : ) But here in this case of ours , as there was a Covenant of amity to be strucke , so there were enmities to be abolisht and slaine , as the text hath it ; and that by this sacrifice and slaying of his flesh : which cannot be conceived otherwise to have beene transacted , but that as in other sacrifices offered up , the trespasses were laid upon the head of the sacrifice , and so in a significant mystery slaine and done away in the death of the thing sacrificed : And that as in that other way of reconciling us to God , The Lord did lay upon him the iniquities of us all , namely , against himselfe ( as Isay speakes in allusion unto the rites ( and the signification therof , in those sacrifices : ) to which this text simularly speakes when it saies , He slew the enmity in himselfe , v. 16. ) So answerably it was in this ( which is its parallel : ) All the enmities and mutuall injuries and feuds between us the people of God , were all laid upon him , and he tooke them in his flesh , and in slaying thereof slew these also , and abolisht them , that so he might reconcile them in one body . And so the same nailes that pierced through his hands and feet , did naile all our enmities , and the causes and occasions of them , to the same Crosse , as 2 Coloss. insinuates . So as , we are to looke upon Jesus Christ hanging on the Crosse , as an equall Arbiter betweene both parties , that takes upon himselfe whatever either partie hath against the other . Lo here I hang ( saies Christ a dying ) and let the reproaches wherewith you reproach each other fall on me : The sting of them all fix it selfe on my flesh ; and in my death dye all together with me ; lo I dye to pacific both : Have therefore any of you ought against each other ? Quit them , and take me as a sacrifice , in bloud betweene you ; onely doe not kill me , and each other too , for the same offence : for you , and your enmities , have brought me to this altar of the Crosse , and I offer my selfe as your peace , and as your Priest : will you kill me first , and then one another too ? And thus , if taking all your sinnes against God himselfe upon his flesh , and sacrificing it for you , is of prevalency to kill , and slay that enmity ; much more is it of force to kill these your enmities also . Thus , like as by assuming the likenesse of sinfull flesh , he killed the sinne in our flesh : so by taking these our enmities and animosities in his flesh , he slew and abolisht them : and as his death was the death of death , so of these . And like as he cured diseases by taking them on himselfe by sympathy , 't is said of him when his healing of them is recorded ) Himselfe tooke our infirmities , and bare our sicknesses : And as not our sinnes against God onely , but our sicknesses by sympathy : so , not our enmities against God onely , but our animosities one against another ; and by bearing them abolisht them ; by dying as an Arbiter betweene us , slew them : and therefore in the text , he is called our peace , not our peacemaker onely , ( when this peace amongst our selves is spoken of , ) to note out , as Musculus observes , that he was not onely efficiently our peacemaker , the Author of our peace , but our peace materially , the matter of our peace , by the sacrifice of himselfe . God is stiled our peacemaker , our reconciler ; God was in Christ reconciling the world : but not our peace ; this is proper to Christ : and why ? but because he onely was the sacrifice of our peace , and bore our enmities . Even as he is not only called the Redeemer , ( so God also is , ) but redemption it selfe . Now for a coronis to this first Branch , and withall to adde a further confirmation yet , that Christs death was intended as a sacrifice to these ends , for amity and unity among Gods people , we may clearly view and behold this truth in the Mirrour of the Lords Supper . One most genuine and primary import whereof , and end of the institution of it , being this very thing in hand : ( I shall have recourse thereto againe in the next Branch also upon the same account that now . ) The Lords Supper in its full and proper scope , is , as you know , a solemne commemoration of Christs death offered up upon the Crosse , or if you will , in the Apostles owne words , it is a shewing forth his death till he comes : And doe this ( sayes Christ ) in remembrance of me ; namely , in dying for you : and so withall to commemorate with application to themselves , the principall ends and intendments of that his death , which is therein acted over afore their eyes . Hence therefore I take this as an undoubted maxime , which no knowing Christian will deny ( and it s the foundation of what I am now a building : ) That looke what principall ends , purposes or intendments this Supper or sacrificiall feast holds forth in its institution unto us : those must needs be lookt at , by all Christians , in the like proportion , to have been the maine ends and purposes of his death to be remembred . So that we may argue mutually from what were the ends of Christs death , unto what must needs be the designed intendments of this Sacrament . And we may as certainly conclude , and inferre to our selves , what were the intendments of his death , by what are the genuine ends of that Sacrament . These answer each to other , as the image in the glasse doth to the principall lineaments in the face ; the impresse on the wax , to that in the scale ; the action , the signe and remembrances , to the thing signified and to be remembred . Now it is evident that Christ upon his death instituted that Supper , As , to be a seale of that Covenant of Grace betweene God and us , ratified thereby ; so , also to be a communion , the highest outward pledge , ratification and testimony of love and amity among his members themselves . And accordingly , it being in the common nature of it , a feast : looke as betweene God and us , it was ordained to be epulum foederale , a Covenant feast betweene him and us : ( the evidence whereof lyes in this , That he invites us to his table as friends , and as those he is at peace withall , and reconciled unto : ) So , in like manner betweene the Saints themselves , it was as evidently , ordained to be a Syntaxis , a love feast , in that they eate and drinke together at one and the same table , and so become as the Apostle saies , ONE BREAD . And againe , looke as betweene God and us , to shew that the procurement of this peace and reconciliation betweene him and us , was this very sacrifice of Christs death , ( as that which made our peace , ) God therefore invites us , post sacrificium oblatum , after the sacrifice offered up , to eate of the symboles of it ; that is , of Bread and Wine , which are the signes and symboles of his body and bloud sacrificed for peace : So in like manner doth this hold as to the peace betweene our selves : And we may infer , that we were through the offering up thereof , reconciled one to another , and all mutuall enmities slaine and done away thereby , in that we eate together thereof in a communion ; which was a sacrifice once offered , but now feasted upon together : And doth shew , that Christians of all professions or relations of men have the strongest obligations unto mutuall love and charity : For the bread broken and the cup are the symboles of their Saviours body and bloud once made a sacrifice ; and therefore they eating thereof together , as of a feast after a sacrifice , doe shew forth this Union and Agreement , to have been the avowed purchase , and impretation of the body and bloud so sacrificed . There was a controversie of late yeares fomented by some through Popish complyances , That the Lords Supper might be stiled a Sacrifice , the Table an Altar , which produced in the discussion of it ( as all controversies doe in the issue some further truth ) the discovery of this true decision of it : That it was not a sacrifice , but a feast after and upon Christs sacrificing of himselfe ; Participatio sacrificii , as Tertullian calls it , a sacrificiall feast commemorating and confirming all those ends for which the onely true and proper sacrifice of Christ was offered up , and so this feast a visible ratification of all such ends , whereof this , is Evidently One . III. SECTION . A Digression shewing : 1. That Eating and Drinking together . Especially upon , and after a pacificatory Sacrifice , was a farther confirmation of Mutuall peace , both among Jewes and Gentiles : And 2. That the Eating the Lords Supper , hath the same intent and accord thereunto : The Harmony of all these notions together . NOw therefore to draw all these lines into one center , and to make the harmony and consent of all these notions the more full ; and together therewith to render the harmony more compleat betweene the Lords death , and its being intended as a sacrifice to procure this peace , and the Lords Supper as a feast after this sacrifice , holding forth this very thing , as purchased thereby , and so further to confirme all this : looke as before I shewed ( as in relation to the demonstration that Christs death was intended as a sacrifice for such a peace ) that that was one end and use of sacrifices both among Jewes and Gentiles , to found and create Leagues of amity between man and man so it is proper and requisite for me now to make another like digression , ( as in relation to this notion of the Lords Supper ) to shew how that also by eating and feasting together ( especially after or upon such a kind of sacrifice ) these Leagues of Love were anciently used to be further confirmed and ratified : that so it may appeare that as according to the analogy of such sacrifices , Christs death was a sacrifice directed and intended to that end ; so also that according to the analogy of such feasting in and upon sacrifices , this eating and feasting together upon the symboles of that sacrifice by believers , is as genuinely intended a scale of this reconciliation amongst them , and that in a due correspondency and answerablenesse to the genuine intent of that sacrifice it selfe , as that which had purchased and procured it . I might be as large in this as in the former . When after a grudge and enmity past betweene Laban and Jacob , Laban to bury all things betweene them would enter into a Covenant of peace ; Come ( sayes he , Gen. 31. 44. ) let us make a Covenant I and thou : and ( that by a signe , for he addes ) let it be a witnesse betweene thee and me : Now what was that signe and witnesse ? in the 46. 't is said , They tooke stones , and made an heape , and did EATE THERE : and v. 54. ( after an Oath passed v. 53. ) Jacob offered a sacrifice on the Mount ; and called his Brethren ( or Kinsmen ) to eate bread ; and early in the morning Laban departed . The like did Isaac with Abimelech , Gen. 26. 28. David with Abner , 2 Sam. 3. 20. I single forth chiefly those two , 1. Because the parties that used and agreed in this signall rite , were the one Jewes , as Isaac and Jacob ; the other Gentiles , as Abimilech and Laban : to shew at once that this way of convenanting was common to them both , as the former by sacrificing was also shewn to be . * And further , that this rite of eating together , the Gentiles themselves did use , especially after such sacrifices as were federall , unto this intent , that by that superadded custome of eating together , upon or after sacrificing , they might the more ratifie and confirme such Covenants , first made , and begun by sacrificing . This seemes to me to be the intendment , Exod. 34. 15. Lest thou make a Covenant ( God speakes it to the Jew ) with the Inhabitants of the Land , and thou goe a whoring after their Gods , and doe Sacrifice unto their Gods , and one call thee , and thou eate of their Sacrifices : namely upon pretence of confirming that Covenant , which having first been contracted and agreed on , they might further be drawn on , to Sacrifice and so eate of the Sacrifices also , with those Heathens in token of confirming such a league , as was the known common manner and custome of each to doe . Yea , and those that were more barbarous and inhumane among the Gentiles , when they would put the more binding force into their Covenants , or some such more solemne conspiracy , they used to sacrifice a man ( a slave suppose , ) and eate His Flesh , and drinke His Bloud together ; which because they judged the more stupendious , they judged would carry with it , the deepest and more binding obligation . Thus , wee read in Plutarch , Those Roman Gallants entring into a Covenant dranke the bloud of a man , whom first as a Sacrifice they had killed . And the same Plutarch sayes of another company ( those conspirators with Catiline : ) that they Sacrificed a man , and did eate His Flesh . So to bind and unite each other more firmely to stick fast , and close together in so great an undertaking , by the most sure and firmest way that their Religion could invent . And Psal. 16. 4. makes an expresse mention of such among the Heathens , terming them Their drinke offerings of blood . See also EZek. 39. 17 , 18 , 19. Men and Nations lesse barbarous tooke WINE instead of bloud , to confirme their leagues after Sacrifices , it being the likest and neerest unto bloud , the bloud of the Grape . Now then to bring all this home to the point in hand , Christ our Passeover , ( and so our Sacrifice for us ) having been slayn and offred up for our mutuall peace , hath instituted and ordained us Believers to keepe this feast , ( It is the Apostles own allusion , agreeing with and founded on the notion we have been prosecuting : ) and that to this end , That by partaking of it as a Sacrifice , and by shewing forth His death , wee might hold forth , all the avowed ends of that Sacrifice with Application to our selves . The eminent ends of the one as a Sacrifice , corresponding and answering to the eminent ends of the other as a Feast . A Feast it is , of Gods providing , and he the great entertainer of us at it , in token of peace betweene Him and us : for HE it was , who prepared the Sacrifice it selfe , and unto whom as a whole burnt offring Christ was offred up ; But God is not as one that sits down and eates with us , though He smelt a sweet savour in it , we are the guests , and He the Master , of this Feast : And yet He thereby proclaimes , and professeth His being reconciled , in that He causeth us to sit downe at His Table . And this is the prime , and most eminent significancy of it . And to hold forth this intent thereof , as between God us , others have prosecuted this notion . But there is another , ( more conspicuously suited to the notion which hath been driven , and ) which is no lesse in the intention of the institution it selfe : and indeed of the two more obvious to outward sence , ) and that is , that the Persons themselves , for whom it is prepared , that doe visibly sit down , and doe eate and drinke ( in proper speech , ) the Bread and Cup together , that they are agreed , and at peace each with other . God He is but as an invisible entertainer : but our eating and drinking together , is visible to all the world ; we outwardly shew forth his death , and doe withall as visibly shew forth this to have been the intent of it . Yea and if wee could raise up those Nations of old , both Jewes and Gentiles , and call together the most part of the world at this day : and should but declare , that this is a Feast , especially a sacrificall Feast , a Feast after a Sacrifice , offered once up for our amity & peace by so great A Mediatour : the common instinct , and notion which their own customes had begot in them , would presently prompt them , and cause them universally to understand and say among themselves , These men were at enmity one with another , and a Sacrifice was offred up to abolish it , and to confirme an Union and Pacification amongst them , and loe therefore , they doe further eate and participate thereof , and communicate therein . A manifest profession it is , that they are in mutuall love , amity and concord one with another : and thereby further ratifying that Unity , which that Sacrifice , had beene offred up afore , for the renewing of . This is truly the interpretation of that solemn celebration even in the sight of all the Heathens and unto the Principles of all the Nations , among whom Sacrifices were in use : yea and this they would all account , the strongest and firmest bond of union that any Religion could afford . And add this , the more noble the Sacrifice was , as if of a man , beeing a more noble Creature , the more obliging they accounted ( as was observed ) the bands of that Covenant made thereby . Now our Passeover is slain , our peace is sacrificed , not man , but Christ God-man ; He sanctifying by the fulnesse of God dwelling personally in him the Sacrifice of that His Flesh and humane nature , to an infinity of valew and worth . He hath become a Sacrifice of our mutuall peace , was cut in twain ; and to compleate this union among our selves , He hath in a stupendious way appointed His own Body and Bloud to be received and shared as a Feast amongst us , succeeding that Sacrifice once offred up . The bread we breake is it not the communion of the Body of Christ : the Cup the Communion of His Bloud : ( so speakes Paul a most faithfull interpreter of these mysteries ) and a Communion of many as one Body ( as it followes there . ) 'T is strange that an Heathen speaking of one of their sacred Feasts , intended to confirme an agreement between two great personages , should use the same expression ; Communicarunt concordiam they are said TO HAVE COMMUNICATED CONCORD , And this because they communicated together in the same Feast dedicated to their chiefe God , and which was ordained to testify concord between them : The Apostle calls it in like manner , A COMMUNION : whereby MANY are made ONE Bread , IN THAT THEY EATE OF THAT ONE BREAD ; Which whilest they eate and drinke in , they eate and drinke the highest charity and agreement each with , and unto other . But that this sort of Peace and Love , namely mutuall among the Receivers was an avowed intendment of our partaking of the Lords Supper , needs not to be insisted on : this import of it hath tooke the deepest impression upon the most vulgar apprehension , of all that professe Christianity , of any other . To be in charity with their Neighbour , &c. hath remaind in all ages of the Church , upon the spirits of the most ignorant and superstitious , when those other higher ends and intendments of it were forgotten . My inference therefore is strong and sure : that what was thus eminent an intention of this Feast upon a Sacrifice , must needs be , upon all the former accounts , as eminent an intention of that Sacrifice it self , as such . Onely let mee ad this : That though all the people of God will not ; some of them not at all : many not together eate of this Feast through difference of judgement , ( And it is strange , that this which is the Sacrament of concord , should have in the controversies about it more differences , and those more dividing then any other part of Divine truth or worship , ) yet still however this stands good , to be the native originall end , and institution of the Ordinance it selfe , and so by inference , This to have been the intent of Christs death as a Sacrifice to the same end : of which death , to be sure , they all must partake ; and unto which Christ they must have recourse , even all and every person that are , or shall be the people of God ; And by so doing they find themselves upon all these accounts forementioned , engaged and obliged unto peace and concord with all the Saints in the world , how differing so ever in judgement , in Him , who is our Peace , and by that Sacrifice hath made both one . And thus much for this Branch , which treates of what Christ hath done in his own person to procure this peace . IV. SECTION . The second Branch , What Christ did by way of Representation of our persons : That phrase in one Body explained . THe second Branch of this first head is , What Christ did by way of Representation of our persons , and how that conduceth to this mutuall Reconciliation of the Saints among themselves . This we have in that small additionall which is found in the 16. verse , That he might reconcile both unto God [ IN ONE BODY , ] by the Crosse having slayn the enmity . The meaning whereof is this , that he did collect , and gather together in one Body all the people of God , that is , did sustaine their persons , stood in their stead , as one common person in whom they were all met , representing them equally and alike unto God , and so reconciled them to God in one body . As you heard he bore their enmities in his flesh and so abolisht them : so withall He bore their persons , considered as one collective body , and under that consideration reconciled them to God . And this superadds to the former consideration of being a Sacrifice for their enmities mutually , for that he might have been , and have performed it for each of their persons , considered singly and apart . But further we see Hee was pleased to gather them into one body in Himselfe . If you aske me where and when this Representation of all the Saints was by Christ , more especially made , and when it was they were lookt at by God as one body ; The text tells us , ON THE CROSSE . By which He thus reconciled us to God in one body . I will not now insist on that which at first , to make my way cleare , I was so large upon : That that kind of reconciliation of us , wrought by Christ for us on the Crosse , is here intended : to all which this may be added ; That it was that Reconciliation which at once tooke in and comprehended , all both Jew and Gentile in all ages into one body ; which was never yet since actually done , but therefore then was done in himselfe . That which is now onely left for clearing my way , is the opening the import of those words [ in one body , ] which clause is that I take for my foundation of this second Paragraph . There is a question among interpreters , whether by this one body in the text be meant the Church onely , considered as one mysticall body in Christ ; or onely the body and humane Nature of Jesus Christ Himselfe , hanging upon the Crosse : I would to reconcile both senses take in both , as conducing to the reconciliation of us . 1. Supposing , ( which is necessary , ) Christs person , His humane nature , or ( His Flesh v. 15. ) to be the Ubi , the substratum , the meeting place , and Randezvouz of this other great body of the Elect , where this whole company appeared , and was represented , so to be reconciled unto God . For indeed what the Apostle mentions here apart , and at distance each from other : His Flesh , v. 15. and Body , v. 16. these elsewhere he brings together , 1 Coll. 22. Having made peace IN THE BODY OF HIS FLESH through death . Which body as hanging on the Crosse was 2 cloathed upon when most naked with this other body , which He Himselfe tooke on Him to sustaine and represent , and to stand in their stead , even the whole body of His Elect : His body ( personally His ) becoming by representation one with that His other body , ( mystically His ) In sum , in the body of Christ personall , as the body representing , the whole body of Christ mysticall , as the body represented , was met in one afore God , and unto God . And in that one body of Christ personall , were all these persons ( thus represented , ) reconciled unto God together , as in one body , by vertue of this Representation . V. SECTION . The influence , That our being reconciled to God , IN ONE BODY , hath into our reconciliation mutuall : in two eminent respects . IF any shall aske what influence and virtue this their being considered as one body , met in His body , and under that consideration reconciled to God hath into their reconciliation one to another ; I answer , much every way ; neither is it mentioned last ( as last in order , ) but as the foundation of all other considerations thereto belonging . 1. In that they were thus all once met in one body , in the body of Christ both in his intendment , and his Fathers view , This consideration , ( if no more , ) hath force enough in it to bring them together againe , in after times . Even this clandestine union ( such indeed in respect of our knowledge of it then , yet having all three persons the witnesses in Heaven present ) this precontract , this anticipated onenesse , this forehand union hath such vertue in it , that let them afterwards fall out never so much , they must be brought together again and be one ; Heaven and Earth may be dissolved , this union thus once solemnized , can never be frustrated or dissolved : what God and Christ did thus put together , sinne and devill , men and angells cannot alwayes , and for ever keepe assunder . His Fathers donation of them to Him , and Christs own representation of the same persons to His Father again , have a proportionable like virtue in them : for there is the same reason of both . Now of the one Christ sayes , All that the Father giveth me shall come to me , Joh. 6. 37. Christ mentions that gift of them , by the lumpe to him , by the Father , as the reason or cause ( rather ) why they could not ever be kept from him : And as none can keep them from him , because given of the Father to him , in like manner and for the like reason , the whole body of them cannot be kept one from another , because presented by him againe to the Father : Christ mentions both these considerations as of equall efficacy in that prayer , whereby he sanctifyed that Sacrifice of himselfe , John 17. Thine they were , And thou gavest them me . All mine are thine , and thine are mine , And I pray v. 21. that they all may be one , ( and that in this world ) as we are . Christ then not onely died for his sheepe apart , that they might come to himselfe , as Joh. 10. 15. but further that they might be one fold , as it followes there . And as the Evangelist interprets Cajaphas prophecy ; Hee died to gather together in one the children of God , that were scattered abroad . Joh. 11. 51 , 52. To make sure which gathering to come , He in and at His death gathered them together representatively , they met all in him , and ascended the Crosse with him , as Peters phrase is of all their sins , ( therefore much more their persons ) 1 Pet. 2. 24. {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} . He himselfe carryed up in ( or together with ) his body , our sins up to the tree : ascendere fecit sursum simul cum seipso . The Crosse was the first generall Rendezvouz in this world appointed for him and his members , where they were crucified in him and with him , as the Apostle often speakes . Christ told the Jewes , If I be lifted up , Joh. 12. 32. ( speaking of his death on the Crosse , v. 33. ) I will draw all to me : And here you see the reason of it , for in their lifting up him , they lift up all his with him , as hung to and adjoyned with him in one body , in his body . This great and universall loadstone set in that steele of the Crosse , having then gathered all these lesser magneticke bodies , pieces of himselfe , into himselfe ; the vertue hereof will draw them all together in one againe , as they come to exist in the world : They may be scattered , they may fall out , but as branches united in one root , though severed by winds and stormes , and beaten one from and against another , yet the root holding them in a firme and indissoluble union , it brings them to a quiet order , and station againe . And if the now scattered Jewes must one day come together , and make one body againe ; because those dry bones ( the Umbrae , the ghastly Shadowes of them ) were seene once to meet in Ezekiels vision : how much more shall the Elect coalesce in one New man , because they once met in him , that is , the body , and not the shadow ? If those Jewes must meet , that the prophecy , the vision might be fulfilled , these must much move , that the end of his death , and his hanging on the tree may be fulfilled , in whom all visions and promises have their Amen and accomplishment . As in his death , so in his resurrection also , they are considered as one body with him , Isay 26. 19. Together with my dead body they shall arise ( sayes Christ ) and both , in death and resurrection , one body , to the end they may be presented ( together ) in one body , all at last , Coloss. 1. 22. and in the meane time in the efficacy of these forehand meetings are they to be created into one new man , v. 15. and that even {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} , ONE individuall man , Gal. 3. ult. not {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} , one bulke , body , or thing onely . This one new man , which they are to grow up into , answereth exactly to that one body , which was then gathered together , represented and met in him on the Crosse , bearing the image of it , and wrought by the vertue of it . The second is , that if such a force and efficacy flowes from their having met once , as One Body , then much more from this , ( which the text addes ) that they WERE RECONCILED TO GOD in that one Body . This clause , In one Body , was on purpose inserted together with their RECONCILIATION TO GOD , to shew , that they were no otherwise esteemed , or lookt at by God as reconciled to him , but as under that representation , view and respect had of them ( as then ) by him , that so , dum sociaret Deo , sociavit inter se : their reconciliation with God was not considered , nor wrought onely apart , singly , man by man ( though Christ bore all their names too ) but the tearmes were such , unlesse all were , and that as in one body , and community together among themselves reputed reconciled , the whole reconciliation , and of no one person , unto God , should be accounted valid with him . So as their very peace with God , was not onely never severed from , but not considered , nor effected , nor of force without the consideration of their being one each with other , in Christ . Insomuch as upon the law and tenour of this Originall act thus past , God might according to the true intent thereof , yea and would renounce their reconciliation with himselfe , if not to be succeeded with this reconciliation of theirs mutually . And allthough this latter doth in respect of execution and accomplishment succeed the other in time , ( the Saints they doe not all presently agree , and come together as one body ) yet in the originall enacting , and first founding of reconciliation by Christ , these were thus on purpose by God interwoven and indented the one in the other ; and the termes and tenure of each enterchangeably wrought into , and moulded in one and the same fundamentall Charter and Law of reconciliation mutuall : then which nothing could have been made more strong and binding , or sure to have effect in dne time . VI . SECTION . This Reconciliation of the Saints to God considered as in One Body , Held likewise forth in the Administration of the Lords Supper . And one eminent foundation of the institution of fixed Church Communion , hinted Herein . THe impresse and resemblance of this , namely Christs Reconciling us to God in one Body , wee may likewise perceive : ( And I shall mention it the rather to make the harmony of this with all the former still more full ) in the administration of the Lords Supper : in which we may view this truth also , as wehave done the other . That Supper being ordeined to shew forth his death ; looke as he dyed , so it represents it . As therefore Christ was sacrificed representing the Generall assembly of Saints , & so in one body reconciled them to God : so , this Supper was ordeined , ( in the regular administration of it , ) to hold forth the image of this , as neer as possible such an ordinance could be supposed to have done it ; For answerably the seate , the {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} of it , is a Communion of many Saints met together in one Body . And not otherwise . Thus 1 Cor. 10. 17. For we being many are òne bread and ONE BODY . He had said v. 16. That the Lords Supper it was the Communion of the body of Christ , &c. that is , a Communion of Christs Body , as to each , so as of a company united together among themselves ; and accordingly the Apostle subjoynes this as the reason ; For we ( whom you see , doe ordinarily partake of it , ) are many ( not one or two apart ) and those many , are one bread and one body : One bread as the signe ; One Body as the thing signified . And thus we are , then , considered to be , when Christ as dying is communicated by us . For to shew forth His Death is the end of this Sacrament . The seate therefore or subject of partaking in this Communion , of Christs Body and Bloud ; and which is ordained for the publique participation of it , is not either single Christians , but a many ; nor those meeting as a fluid company like clouds uncertainly , or as men at an ordinary for running Sacraments ( as some would have them ) but fixed setledly , as incorporated Bodyes . Which institution , having for its subject such a society , as then , when Christs Death is to be shewne forth , doth suitably and correspondently set forth , how that the whole Church the Image of which whole Universall Church , ( these particular Churches doe beare , as a late Commentator hath observed upon that plaee ) was represented in and by Christ dying for us , under this consideration of being One Body , then in Him . And there is this ground for it , that the whole of that Ordinance was intended to represent the whole of his Death , and the imports of it , as farre as was possible . So then looke as the Death it selfe and his bitter Passion are represented therein , both of Body in the breaking the Bread , which is the Communion of his Body : of the Soule in the Wine , which is called the Communion of his Bloud , and this is the bloud of the New Testament , so expressed in allusion to that of the Old , in which the bloud was chosen out , as the neerest visible representer of the invisible Soule , that could be . The life lies in the bloud ( for the spirits which are the animal life doe run in it , ) so spake the old Law , and the Poet the same ; Sanguine quaerendi reditus animâque litandum . He termes the Sacrifice of the bloud , the Sacrifice of the Soule : and so Wine was chosen as the neerest resemblance of bloud , being also the bloud of the Grape . As thus the death it selfe in all the parts of it ; so the SUBJECT for which hee dyed , His Body , and that under that very consideration He died for them [ as one Body , ] is in like manner , as visibly and plainly held forth ; Every particular Church bearing by institution the image of the whole Church ( as therein it hath also all the priviledges of it ) fitly shewing forth , thereby , not onely that Christ died for them singly , and a part considered ( which yet is therewith held forth here in that each personally doth partake thereof , ) That might have been sufficiently evidenced if every person or family apart , had been warranted to have received , and eaten this sacrificiall feast alone ( as they did the Passeover and the Sacrifices , Lent. 7. 18. ) but the institution is for many ; which very word Christ mentions in the institution , This is the bloud of the new Testament shed for many , which word , I believe the Apostle had aney unto when he sayd , We being many are partakers , &c. Christ indeed principally aimed therein , to shew , that his intent in dying , was for a multitud of mankinde , the whole body of his Elect : yet because he inserts the mention hereof ; at the delivery of those Elements , and that the ordinance it selfe was suited to hold forth this intent , The Apostle takes the hint of it ; and adds this glosse and construction upon it as glaunced at in it : that according to the institution and import of this Ordinance , the partakers hereof are to be a many ( not one or two alone : ) and these united into one Body , to the end that thereby may be held forth this great intendment in His death , That he died for the many of His Church , as one collective body . This however wee are sure of , that this way of partaking this Supper as in one Body , was to the Apostle a matter of that moment , That we find him bitterly inveighing in the next Chapter , that the same individuall Church of Corinth , when they came together in one for that and other Ordinances , should of all Ordinances else , not receive this Ordinance together in such a community , but perverting that order , should even in that place appointed for the meetings of the whole Church , divide themselves into private severall companies , and so make this as a private Supper , which in the nature and intendment of the institution of it , was to be a Communion of the whole Church or body together . Insomuch as he sayes , This is not to eate the Lords Supper : for in eating ( namely this Sacramentall Supper , ) every one takes before ( others perhaps do come : ) His own Supper , together with the Lords , & so maketh it as a private colation or as {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} ; wherefore my brethren when you come together to eate ( that Supper , ) tarry one for another , to make a full meeting of the whole body : and as for other Suppers , every man is at liberty to take them at home as he pleaseth , v. 34. The Apostle is thus zealous in it , as he had reason , because hereby is shewne forth one principall mystery in Christs death , for from this , at least upon occasion of this particular as well as any other , doth the Apostle utter this great maxime , yea shew forth His death till he comes , v. 26. Of such moment in their import and significancy are things ( thus small and meane in the eyes of some ) that yet are full of Mystery in Christs intendment . And thus much for the Second Head . FINIS . Notes, typically marginal, from the original text Notes for div A85431e-140 v. 14. {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} . V. 15. V. 16. {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} . {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} . v. 14 , 15. v. 15. v. 16. * {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} , magisquidpiam quā {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} , occidere , significat occidere cum saevitiâ . Beza . Mat. 10. 28 Ezek. 25. 15. Lib. 14. Satyr . * The word signifies both wormes & circumcised . Deut. 7. 11. Hispanus . * 1 Serm. sat . 5. † L. 7. * Sat. 5. * Malvenda hom de Antichristo , c. 3. † Barn . An 72. c. 31. Am mian de Marco lib. 11. Ibid. Diod. 1. 5. {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} * Cicero pro Flacco . Notes for div A85431e-7050 Liquet quod apud Israclitas faedera partim epulis partim Sacrificiis inita fuisse & sancita . Vide Rivet in Gen. 31. Exercit. 135. Caput , medium , & prior pars ad dextram , posterior ad Laevam viae : pariter inter hanc divisam hostiam copiae armatae traducuntur . Liv. L. 39. The Latin Foedus à feriendo ; and hence percutere , elicere faedus , to strike a Covenant ( with us . ) Thus Sanctio à sanguine , which that of Tacitus confirmes , Sacrificiis conspiratio sancitur : agreements and combinations had their sanction and confirmation by Sacrifices : and faedus cruore sacratum , lib. Annal. 12. Psal. 22. a Edendo censebantur , ipsius sacrificii tanquam pro ipsis oblati fieri participes . Est . in loc. b Christus vult in se credentes participes fieri ejus sacrificii , plane , quasi ipsi hoc sacrificium obtulissent , quia oblatum ab eo qui naturam eorum susceperat . Rom. 8. 1 Cor. 15. * Some instances have been collected by Mr. Meade , Diatr . 2. part . upon Mal. 1. 11. as also by R. C. after him . Grotius , Rivetus , of the customes of severall Nations , antient and modern , to shew eating and drinking together to have been intended testimonies , and ratifications of amity . I only shall cast in one from the custome of the East-Indians ( as in the stories of whom there are found , as well as in other Eastern Nations to this day , many footsteps of like customes to the Jewes of old : ) Sir Th. Roe Ambassador there , in his journall observations relates , how he was invited by one of the great ones of the Court to a Banquet with this very expression ( simular to those which those Authors alledge as in use among other Nations : ) We will eate bread and salt together to scale a friendship which I desire . Purchas Pilgri . 1 Part. p. 348. {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} 1 Cor. 10. Scipio , Jovis epulo , cū Graccho Concordiam Communicavit . Vale Max. lib. 6. c. 2. Bullinger . Zanchius . Beza . Groius . Crocius . Omnes qui eidem mensae sacrae pa●iter accumbimus , & unam facimus & {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} , quae {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} totius Ecclesiae gerit imaginem . Grot. 1 Cor. 10. 17. Virg. 11. Aen.