Observations on the letter written to Sir Thomas Osborn, upon the reading of a book called The present interest of England stated written in a letter to a friend.
         Bethel, Slingsby, 1617-1697.
      
       
         
           1673
        
      
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             Observations on the letter written to Sir Thomas Osborn, upon the reading of a book called The present interest of England stated written in a letter to a friend.
             Bethel, Slingsby, 1617-1697.
             Leeds, Thomas Osborne, Duke of, 1631-1712.
             Lisola, François Paul, baron de, 1613-1674.
             Holles, Denzil Holles, Baron, 1599-1680.
          
           [2], 20 p.
           
             Printed for J.B.,
             London :
             1673.
          
           
             Reproduction of original in Huntington Library.
             "April 17th. anno 1669 ..." [p.18-20] is an opinion by Denzel Holles concerning the case of Sir Francis Toppe. cf. Huntington Library.
             Attributed to Slingsby Bethel. cf. BM.
             Attributed by Wing to François Paul de Lisola.
          
        
      
    
     
       
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           Buckingham, George Villiers, -- Duke of, 1628-1687. -- Letter to Sir Thomas Osborn.
        
      
    
     
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           OBSERVATIONS
           On
           the
           LETTER
           Written
           to
           Sir
           
             THOMAS
             OSBORN
             ,
          
           Upon
           the
           Reading
           of
           a
           BOOK
           called
           the
           Present
           Interest
           OF
           ENGLAND
           STATED
           .
        
         
           Written
           in
           a
           Letter
           to
           a
           Friend
           .
        
         
           
             LONDON
             ,
          
           Printed
           for
           
             I.
             B.
             Anno
             Domini
             ,
          
           1673.
           
        
      
    
     
       
         
         
         
           Observations
           ,
           &c.
           
        
         
           
             
               
                 SIR
                 ,
              
            
             
               SO
               soon
               as
               some
               indispencible
               occasions
               would
               permit
               ▪
               I
               did
               at
               your
               instance
               ,
               strictly
               peruse
               the
               
                 Pamphlet
                 ,
              
               called
               
                 The
                 present
                 Interest
                 of
              
               England
               
                 stated
                 ;
              
               as
               also
               ,
               the
               
                 Letter
              
               directed
               to
               Sir
               
                 Thomas
                 Osborne
              
               in
               answer
               to
               it
               ,
               and
               at
               your
               request
               ,
               shall
               now
               give
               you
               my
               sense
               of
               
                 both
                 .
              
            
             
               I
               find
               no
               Cause
               by
               the
               scope
               of
               the
               
                 Letter
                 ,
              
               to
               believe
               otherwise
               of
               the
               
                 Author
                 ,
              
               then
               according
               to
               his
               own
               Professions
               ,
               that
               he
               really
               designs
               the
               
                 Honour
                 ,
                 Greatness
                 ,
              
               and
               
                 Prosperity
              
               of
               this
               
                 Natoin
                 .
              
               An
               Honest
               ,
               and
               Honourable
               undertaking
               ,
               the
               perfect
               discovery
               whereof
               ,
               I
               wish
               may
               be
               pursued
               ,
               by
               men
               of
               leasure
               ,
               and
               put
               in
               practice
               by
               those
               of
               
                 Power
                 .
              
            
             
               I
               understand
               the
               
                 Letter
                 ,
              
               to
               agree
               fully
               with
               the
               
                 Pamphlet
              
               in
               all
               its
               Maxims
               ,
               relating
               to
               our
               
                 domestick
                 Interest
                 ,
              
               not
               differing
               neither
               from
               our
               
                 Forrein
              
               in
               anything
               ,
               save
               what
               relates
               to
               
                 Holland
                 ,
              
               and
               therein
               likewise
               ,
               not
               in
               
                 all
                 ,
              
               but
               only
               in
               
                 some
              
               particulars
               ,
               but
               in
               
                 several
              
               of
               them
               ;
               I
               observe
               also
               the
               
                 Author
              
               of
               the
               
                 Pamphlet
                 ,
              
               to
               be
               by
               the
               
                 Letter
              
               exceedingly
               mistaken
               ;
               
               for
               whereas
               
                 it
              
               renders
               him
               so
               
                 Byassed
              
               with
               
                 affection
              
               to
               the
               
                 Dutch
                 ,
              
               as
               makes
               him
               overlook
               the
               usefulness
               of
               
                 Forreign
                 Alliances
                 .
              
               I
               cannot
               〈◊〉
               ,
               but
               〈◊〉
               grounds
               all
               he
               writes
               concerning
               
                 Holland
                 ,
              
               upon
               the
               
                 safety
              
               and
               
                 benefit
              
               of
               
                 England
                 ,
              
               insomuch
               as
               it
               seems
               strange
               to
               me
               ▪
               how
               a
               person
               of
               that
               Candor
               and
               Ingenuity
               as
               the
               〈◊〉
               of
               the
               
                 Letter
              
               must
               be
               ,
               sh●●●
               so
               for
               〈…〉
               the
               world
               that
               the
               
                 Pamphlet
              
               he
               answereth
               ,
               pleadeth
            
             
               
                 First
                 ,
              
               For
               allowing
               all
               the
               injuries
               and
               wrongs
               done
               by
               the
               
                 Hollanders
              
               to
               this
               Nation
               ,
               
                 (
                 Page
                 5.
                 )
              
            
             
               Secondly
               ,
               
                 For
                 the
                 studying
                 of
                 their
                 Interests
                 ,
                 and
                 loving
                 of
                 them
                 ,
                 because
                 they
                 〈◊〉
                 Trades
                 ,
                 though
                 by
                 being
                 so
                 ,
                 they
                 take
                 our
                 Trade
                 from
                 us
                 ,
              
               (
               Page
               5
               ,
               6.
               )
            
             
               And
               Thirdly
               ,
               
                 That
                 their
                 Parsimonie
                 is
                 no
                 good
                 Reason
                 for
                 dislike
                 of
                 them
                 ,
              
               (
               Page
               6.
               )
               As
               if
               all
               these
               were
               Arguments
               made
               use
               of
               by
               express
               words
               in
               that
               
                 Book
                 ,
              
               when
               I
               do
               not
               find
               any
               expressions
               relating
               to
               any
               of
               these
               particulars
               ,
               that
               do
               either
               in
               words
               
                 say
              
               so
               much
               ,
               or
               will
               in
               the
               least
               
                 admit
              
               of
               any
               such
               Inferences
               or
               Conclusions
               ;
               (
               although
               as
               to
               this
               
                 Third
                 ,
              
               if
               there
               were
               any
               word
               to
               that
               purpose
               ,
               it
               might
               be
               defended
               )
               For
               all
               the
               
                 Arguments
              
               made
               use
               of
               by
               the
               
                 Pamphlet
                 ,
              
               against
               the
               destroying
               of
               the
               
                 Hollanders
                 ,
              
               are
               either
               upon
               the
               account
               of
               
                 Justice
              
               and
               
                 Righteousness
                 ,
                 (
                 which
                 establisheth
                 a
                 Nation
                 )
              
               or
               clearly
               in
               reference
               to
               the
               
                 safety
              
               and
               
                 utility
              
               of
               this
               
                 Kingdom
                 ,
              
               both
               in
               
                 Church
              
               and
               
                 State
                 ,
              
               and
               not
               in
               the
               least
               ,
               upon
               any
               
                 particular
                 affection
              
               to
               the
               
                 people
              
               of
               that
               
                 Countrey
                 ,
              
               as
               the
               
                 Letter
              
               doth
               insinuate
               the
               
                 Pamphlet
                 ;
              
               being
               no
               otherwise
               concerned
               for
               them
               ,
               then
               as
               it
               is
               ,
               for
               preserving
               the
               Ballance
               of
               
                 Christendome
                 ,
              
               in
               opposition
               of
               
                 Popery
              
               and
               
                 Slavery
                 .
              
            
             
               I
               find
               the
               
                 Pamphlets
              
               commendning
               the
               
                 Dutch
              
               for
               their
               
                 Morals
                 ,
              
               (
               compared
               with
               the
               
                 French
                 ,
              
               &c.
               )
               to
               be
               answered
               by
               objecting
               ,
               that
               if
               the
               
                 Author
              
               had
               lain
               but
               one
               night
               in
               any
               
                 Inn
              
               of
               
                 theirs
                 ,
              
               he
               would
               have
               been
               convinced
               of
               the
               contrary
               ,
               which
               implyeth
               ,
               that
               he
               had
               never
               done
               it
               ,
               or
               at
               least
               never
               
               told
               the
               world
               he
               had
               ,
               and
               yet
               the
               
                 Book
              
               justifies
               his
               opinion
               of
               
                 them
              
               in
               affirming
               his
               experience
               ,
               from
               having
               travelled
               
                 their
                 Countries
                 ;
                 (
                 Interest
                 of
                 England
              
               Page
               30.
               )
               and
               truly
               by
               his
               general
               knowledge
               of
               the
               
                 Netherlands
                 ,
              
               he
               may
               well
               be
               supposed
               to
               have
               throughly
               done
               it
               ,
               and
               granting
               so
               much
               ,
               it
               consequently
               follows
               ,
               that
               he
               must
               then
               have
               experienced
               their
               
                 Inns
                 ,
              
               but
               if
               from
               
                 Cousening
                 ,
              
               and
               
                 Cheating
                 ▪
              
               in
               
                 Inns
                 ,
                 Alehouses
                 ,
              
               and
               
                 Taverns
                 ,
              
               the
               measures
               of
               a
               
                 peoples
                 Morals
                 ,
              
               must
               be
               Calculated
               ,
               I
               fear
               ,
               some
               other
               
                 Countries
                 ,
              
               by
               high
               
                 reckonings
                 ,
              
               false
               
                 measures
                 ,
              
               in
               
                 Bottles
                 ,
                 Pots
              
               and
               
                 Cans
                 ;
              
               exceeding
               them
               ,
               and
               tacitly
               allowed
               of
               ,
               
                 &c.
              
               will
               be
               found
               as
               faulty
               as
               they
               ,
               and
               to
               lie
               (
               at
               least
               )
               equally
               with
               them
               ,
               under
               the
               burden
               of
               that
               uncharitable
               
                 Syne●do●he
                 ,
              
               of
               blaming
               the
               whole
               for
               a
               part
               ;
               for
               I
               can
               my self
               by
               experience
               ,
               so
               far
               joyn
               with
               the
               
                 Pamphlet
              
               in
               justifying
               of
               it
               ,
               as
               to
               aver
               ,
               That
               I
               never
               trevelled
               in
               all
               my
               life
               ,
               in
               any
               
                 Countrey
              
               so
               cheap
               as
               in
               
                 theirs
                 ,
              
               and
               that
               no
               private
               person
               doth
               otherwise
               ,
               but
               either
               
                 voluntarily
                 ,
              
               by
               being
               profuse
               ,
               or
               
                 carelesly
              
               in
               spending
               more
               then
               he
               needeth
               ,
               in
               not
               keeping
               to
               his
               ordinaries
               ,
               but
               living
               at
               large
               ;
               for
               their
               
                 Rates
              
               by
               
                 Land
              
               or
               
                 Water
                 ,
              
               are
               so
               certain
               ,
               that
               none
               can
               pay
               one
               more
               then
               another
               ,
               and
               the
               like
               is
               in
               
                 their
                 Inns
                 ,
              
               for
               
                 Ordinaries
              
               and
               
                 Lodgings
                 ;
              
               insomuch
               that
               I
               have
               often
               wondered
               their
               great
               
                 Trade
              
               and
               
                 Populousness
              
               (
               which
               in
               all
               other
               places
               makes
               things
               dear
               )
               considered
               ,
               I
               found
               living
               there
               so
               cheap
               as
               I
               did
               .
               But
               as
               no
               number
               or
               society
               of
               men
               ,
               can
               be
               said
               to
               be
               
                 perfectly
                 good
                 ,
              
               or
               
                 altogether
                 evil
                 ;
              
               so
               the
               most
               just
               and
               certain
               Rule
               for
               applauding
               ,
               or
               condemning
               any
               
                 Countrey
                 ,
              
               is
               not
               from
               
                 a
                 few
                 Instances
              
               of
               a
               small
               part
               of
               it
               ,
               but
               by
               way
               of
               
                 Comparison
              
               with
               other
               
                 Countries
                 ,
              
               and
               by
               that
               
                 Standard
                 ,
                 Holland
              
               cannot
               be
               found
               by
               much
               ,
               so
               bad
               as
               
                 Popish
                 Countries
                 ,
              
               where
               the
               
                 Doctrines
              
               of
               the
               
                 Jesuits
              
               (
               which
               hath
               more
               or
               less
               an
               influence
               upon
               most
               of
               their
               
                 Religion
              
               )
               of
               
                 good
                 Intentions
                 ,
                 Probability
                 ,
              
               and
               
                 Necessity
                 ,
              
               &c.
               and
               of
               their
               whole
               Church
               ,
               of
               
                 keeping
                 no
                 
                 faith
                 with
                 Heriticks
                 ,
              
               &c.
               is
               inconsistant
               with
               honest
               Conversation
               ,
               rendering
               them
               unfit
               ,
               even
               for
               one
               anothers
               Society
               ,
               there
               being
               no
               fence
               against
               such
               Principles
               .
            
             
               The
               Cruelty
               at
               
                 Amboina
                 ,
              
               is
               (
               I
               confess
               ]
               to
               be
               had
               by
               all
               in
               abhorrence
               ;
               but
               since
               it
               was
               
                 before
              
               we
               were
               born
               ,
               that
               it
               was
               acted
               but
               by
               
                 a
                 few
                 ,
              
               and
               disowned
               ,
               and
               not
               justified
               
                 at
                 home
                 .
              
               That
               
                 King
                 James
              
               of
               happy
               memory
               ,
               and
               his
               wise
               and
               excellent
               Council
               ,
               and
               Favourites
               ,
               thought
               therefore
               not
               fit
               to
               
                 revenge
              
               it
               ;
               and
               that
               it
               hath
               since
               ,
               by
               several
               treaties
               ,
               been
               buried
               ,
               and
               put
               in
               Oblivion
               ;
               I
               question
               whether
               we
               ought
               still
               to
               
                 remember
              
               it
               ;
               but
               provided
               ,
               that
               the
               constant
               Trade
               that
               the
               
                 Popish
                 Nations
              
               have
               (
               in
               all
               ages
               down
               to
               our
               times
               )
               driven
               in
               
                 Massakres
                 ,
              
               and
               
                 Cruel
                 Torterings
                 ,
              
               and
               that
               with
               the
               applause
               ,
               and
               approbation
               of
               their
               chief
               
                 Bishop
              
               and
               
                 Church
                 ,
              
               as
               
                 Italy
                 ,
                 Savoy
                 ,
                 France
              
               and
               
                 Ireland
              
               do
               witness
               ,
               may
               be
               remembered
               ;
               I
               can
               be
               well
               pleased
               ,
               that
               that
               single
               Act
               at
               
                 Amboina
                 ,
              
               committed
               by
               a
               
                 few
                 Protestants
              
               condemned
               by
               the
               rest
               ,
               and
               which
               is
               abhorred
               by
               the
               
                 Principles
                 of
                 their
                 Religion
                 ,
              
               may
               not
               be
               forgotten
               ;
               and
               thereupon
               the
               whole
               designs
               of
               the
               
                 Pamphlet
              
               and
               
                 Letter
                 ,
              
               each
               severally
               considered
               ,
               I
               cannot
               observe
               ,
               that
               they
               differ
               in
               any
               
                 Material
              
               Circumstance
               ,
               but
               that
               both
               aim
               at
               the
               same
               end
               ,
               the
               
                 Honour
                 ,
                 Greatness
                 ,
                 Prosperity
              
               and
               
                 safety
              
               of
               this
               
                 Nation
                 ,
              
               unless
               the
               
                 first
              
               is
               too
               straight
               laced
               in
               the
               Rules
               of
               Honesty
               and
               Justice
               ;
               believing
               (
               that
               though
               Interest
               rightly
               understood
               or
               mistaken
               ,
               governs
               all
               the
               world
               yet
               )
               that
               that
               precept
               of
               
                 doing
                 to
                 others
                 ,
                 as
                 we
                 would
                 have
                 them
                 to
                 do
                 to
                 us
                 ,
              
               gives
               no
               latitude
               to
               any
               
                 Countrey
              
               to
               destroy
               
                 another
                 ,
              
               to
               the
               end
               to
               increase
               their
               own
               
                 Trade
                 ,
              
               or
               
                 greatness
                 ;
              
               for
               were
               it
               otherwise
               ,
               nothing
               could
               be
               more
               for
               our
               security
               against
               
                 Invasions
                 ,
              
               and
               the
               profit
               of
               
                 England
                 ,
              
               then
               to
               destroy
               in
               time
               the
               
                 French
              
               in
               their
               Shipping
               ,
               and
               thereby
               in
               their
               
                 Maritine
                 Commerce
                 ,
              
               before
               they
               are
               overgrown
               in
               
                 strength
              
               and
               
                 Trade
                 ,
              
               in
               both
               ,
               which
               from
               young
               
                 Interlopers
                 ,
              
               they
               are
               
               in
               a
               short
               time
               too
               much
               increased
               ,
               especially
               in
               our
               
                 Newfoundland
                 Fishery
                 ,
              
               where
               they
               have
               almost
               eaten
               us
               out
               ,
               to
               the
               unspeakable
               prejudice
               of
               the
               
                 Western
                 Parts
                 !
              
               though
               
                 that
                 Trade
              
               was
               once
               our
               
                 greatest
                 Nursery
              
               for
               
                 Seamen
                 ,
              
               and
               might
               have
               been
               much
               more
               
                 improved
                 ,
              
               and
               is
               of
               such
               a
               
                 Nature
                 ,
              
               as
               the
               
                 Dutch
              
               were
               not
               capable
               of
               doing
               us
               much
               prejudice
               in
               ,
               or
               at
               least
               as
               they
               never
               
                 attempted
              
               to
               do
               us
               any
               .
            
             
               The
               
                 Letter
              
               reproves
               the
               
                 Pamphlets
                 inviting
                 all
                 Princes
                 into
                 the
                 triple
                 League
                 ,
              
               scoffing
               at
               it
               ,
               as
               absurd
               ;
               
                 the
                 League
                 being
                 now
                 determined
                 ,
              
               and
               to
               evince
               the
               error
               ,
               gives
               this
               account
               of
               the
               League
               :
               
                 That
                 the
              
               French
               King
               
                 being
                 entered
              
               Flanders
               ,
               
                 with
                 a
                 very
                 powerful
                 Army
                 ,
                 the
              
               Kings
               of
               England
               ,
               Sweden
               ,
               
                 and
                 the
              
               States
               of
               Holland
               ,
               
                 entered
                 into
                 a
                 confederacy
                 ,
                 with
                 design
                 to
                 force
                 the
              
               French
               
                 to
                 make
                 peace
                 upon
                 such
                 Tearms
                 as
                 should
                 be
                 proposed
                 by
                 them
                 ,
              
               (
               and
               therein
               wisely
               to
               prevent
               the
               growing
               greatness
               of
               
                 France
                 )
                 and
                 at
                 the
                 same
                 time
                 the
              
               Confederates
               
                 made
              
               Articles
               
                 amongst
                 themselves
                 ,
                 to
                 help
                 one
                 another
                 ,
                 in
                 Case
                 any
                 of
                 them
                 should
                 be
                 invaded
                 for
                 having
                 made
                 this
                 League
                 )
                 either
                 by
                 the
              
               French
               King
               ,
               
                 the
              
               King
               of
               Spain
               ,
               
                 or
                 any
                 of
                 their
                 Allies
                 ,
                 and
                 upon
                 the
                 acceptance
                 of
                 the
                 Articles
                 proposed
                 ,
                 the
              
               Confederates
               
                 became
                 their
              
               Guarranty
               
                 or
              
               Sureties
               ;
               
                 for
                 performance
                 of
                 them
                 on
                 both
                 sides
                 .
              
            
             
               And
               now
               ,
               this
               being
               the
               state
               of
               the
               Case
               ,
               where
               the
               Absurdity
               or
               Bull
               lies
               ,
               in
               making
               no
               distinction
               between
               the
               
                 Triple
                 League
                 ,
              
               and
               the
               
                 Guarranty
              
               of
               the
               Peace
               ,
               is
               beyond
               my
               apprehension
               ;
               for
               the
               
                 League
                 ,
              
               as
               is
               confessed
               being
               made
               to
               induce
               (
               that
               is
               to
               force
               )
               the
               
                 French
                 King
              
               to
               a
               Peace
               ,
               (
               the
               
                 King
                 of
                 Spain
                 ,
              
               who
               was
               Invaded
               ,
               standing
               in
               no
               need
               of
               Compulsion
               )
               and
               the
               Confederacy
               continuing
               for
               wartanting
               of
               the
               said
               agreement
               (
               which
               in
               effect
               is
               no
               less
               then
               an
               honest
               and
               prudent
               
                 League
                 ,
              
               for
               keeping
               the
               
                 French
                 ,
              
               within
               tollerable
               bounds
               and
               limits
               )
               and
               for
               the
               assistance
               of
               each
               other
               against
               any
               that
               should
               endeavour
               to
               revenge
               this
               consederacy
               ;
               the
               
                 Triple
                 League
              
               seems
               to
               me
               (
               as
               it
               is
               confessed
               by
               the
               
                 Letter
              
               it self
               ,
               at
               the
               
               lower
               end
               of
               
                 Page
                 15.
              
               )
               to
               be
               still
               in
               being
               ,
               and
               the
               expression
               to
               be
               as
               properly
               used
               ,
               as
               that
               of
               
                 Guarranty
                 ,
              
               as
               being
               one
               and
               the
               same
               thing
               ;
               for
               the
               
                 Guarranty
                 ,
              
               aiming
               at
               the
               same
               end
               the
               
                 League
              
               doth
               ,
               and
               being
               one
               Article
               of
               the
               confederacy
               ,
               the
               
                 Triple
                 League
              
               must
               be
               still
               in
               being
               ,
               as
               well
               as
               the
               
                 Guarranty
                 ,
              
               And
               surely
               ,
               it
               was
               the
               last
               
                 Session
                 of
                 Parliament
                 .
              
               thought
               so
               to
               be
               ,
               when
               Money
               was
               desired
               for
               maintaining
               of
               it
               ;
               but
               this
               ,
               
                 Sir
                 ,
              
               is
               not
               worth
               contending
               about
               ;
               for
               the
               matter
               being
               clearly
               laid
               down
               by
               the
               
                 Letter
                 ,
              
               the
               judgment
               of
               it
               is
               left
               to
               your self
               .
            
             
               As
               I
               am
               no
               
                 Statist
                 ,
              
               nor
               pretender
               to
               it
               ,
               so
               it
               concerns
               not
               me
               to
               inquire
               further
               into
               the
               Articles
               agreed
               on
               by
               his
               Majesty
               with
               the
               
                 Swede
              
               and
               
                 Dutch
                 ,
              
               then
               is
               made
               publick
               ,
               nor
               in
               the
               least
               to
               attempt
               the
               Censuring
               any
               Action
               of
               
                 State
                 ;
              
               (
               for
               that
               shall
               always
               be
               Forreign
               to
               me
               )
               but
               yet
               I
               presume
               I
               may
               without
               offence
               say
               ,
               it
               doth
               not
               appear
               to
               me
               ,
               as
               it
               doth
               to
               the
               
                 Author
              
               of
               the
               
                 Letter
                 ,
              
               that
               the
               
                 Emperor
              
               and
               
                 Princes
              
               of
               
                 Germany
                 ,
              
               could
               not
               have
               been
               taken
               into
               the
               
                 Triple
                 League
              
               by
               the
               
                 Confederates
                 ,
              
               without
               ingaging
               to
               assist
               them
               upon
               occasion
               against
               the
               
                 Turk
                 ;
              
               for
               as
               we
               find
               that
               it
               hath
               been
               ordinary
               for
               
                 Princes
              
               to
               limit
               and
               proportion
               their
               
                 Leagues
                 ,
              
               according
               to
               their
               
                 Interests
                 ,
              
               so
               it
               is
               irrational
               to
               do
               otherwise
               ;
               And
               it
               doth
               not
               follow
               ,
               that
               because
               it
               is
               the
               
                 Interest
              
               of
               the
               
                 Emperour
                 ,
              
               and
               
                 Princes
              
               of
               
                 Germany
                 ,
              
               to
               enter
               into
               a
               
                 League
              
               with
               other
               
                 Princes
                 ,
              
               for
               keeping
               the
               
                 French
                 King
              
               from
               unjustly
               incroaching
               upon
               his
               
                 Neighbours
                 ,
              
               that
               therefore
               those
               
                 Princes
                 ,
              
               contrary
               to
               their
               manifest
               should
               enter
               into
               a
               
                 League
              
               with
               them
               against
               the
               
                 Turk
                 ▪
              
               but
               I
               Honour
               the
               
                 Author
              
               of
               the
               
                 Letter
                 ,
              
               for
               the
               care
               he
               expresseth
               to
               have
               for
               the
               prevention
               of
               
                 War
              
               to
               this
               
                 Nation
                 ,
              
               and
               for
               the
               rest
               and
               quiet
               of
               the
               poor
               people
               of
               
                 England
                 ,
              
               (
               Page
               〈◊〉
               )
            
             
               The
               
                 Pamphlet
              
               not
               being
               concerned
               in
               the
               complaint
               against
               those
               that
               blame
               the
               breach
               with
               
                 Holland
                 ▪
              
               because
               of
               the
               
                 Triple
                 League
                 ,
              
               I
               shall
               pass
               that
               over
               ,
               agreeing
               fully
               
               with
               the
               
                 Author
                 ,
              
               that
               self-preservation
               is
               chiefly
               to
               be
               preferred
               ,
               
                 〈◊〉
                 Populi
                 suprema
                 lex
                 .
              
            
             
               The
               
                 Author
              
               of
               the
               
                 Letter
                 ,
              
               in
               his
               treating
               of
               the
               
                 Interest
              
               of
               
                 England
                 ,
              
               hath
               several
               
                 Observations
                 ,
              
               and
               
                 Notions
                 ,
              
               deserving
               consideration
               ,
               which
               I
               shall
               reduce
               to
               these
               six
               heads
               following
               .
            
             
               
                 First
                 ,
              
               That
               our
               increase
               in
               power
               ,
               since
               the
               time
               of
               
                 Queen
                 Elizabeth
                 ,
              
               (
               of
               famous
               memory
               )
               is
               not
               proportionable
               to
               the
               increase
               of
               the
               
                 Dutch
                 ,
              
               (
               Page
               12.
               )
            
             
               
                 Secondly
                 ,
              
               That
               the
               
                 Dutch
                 ,
              
               being
               so
               powerful
               at
               Sea
               as
               they
               now
               are
               ,
               may
               by
               ioyning
               with
               the
               
                 French
                 ,
              
               (
               whenever
               they
               will
               agree
               upon
               it
               )
               endanger
               the
               Conquest
               of
               
                 England
                 ;
              
               and
               keeping
               to
               themselves
               the
               most
               confiderable
               parts
               in
               it
               for
               Trade
               ,
               being
               Masters
               at
               Sea
               ,
               provide
               for
               their
               own
               security
               against
               the
               greatness
               of
               
                 France
                 ,
              
               (
               Page
               12.
               )
            
             
               
                 Thirdly
                 ,
              
               That
               it
               is
               not
               wisdom
               for
               any
               Nation
               to
               have
               its
               safety
               depend
               upon
               the
               prudence
               of
               another
               ,
               as
               in
               relying
               upon
               its
               being
               against
               the
               
                 Interest
                 of
                 Holland
              
               to
               Invade
               
                 England
                 ,
              
               because
               they
               may
               mistake
               their
               Interest
               ,
               
                 (
                 Page
                 12.
                 )
              
            
             
               
                 Fourthly
                 ,
              
               That
               a
               Conquest
               of
               
                 England
              
               being
               made
               ,
               the
               
                 Dutch
              
               Government
               being
               more
               easie
               and
               indulging
               Trade
               ,
               then
               the
               Arbitrary
               and
               severe
               Regiment
               of
               
                 France
                 ,
              
               as
               also
               their
               Religion
               concurring
               more
               with
               ours
               ,
               then
               that
               of
               
                 France
                 ,
              
               the
               Trading
               Party
               of
               
                 England
              
               would
               be
               likelier
               to
               close
               with
               the
               first
               then
               the
               latter
               ,
               and
               for
               the
               like
               Reason
               should
               
                 Holland
              
               be
               ever
               in
               danger
               of
               a
               Conquest
               by
               the
               Conjunction
               of
               
                 England
              
               with
               
                 France
                 ,
              
               they
               would
               rather
               choose
               to
               become
               part
               of
               the
               
                 English
              
               Government
               ,
               then
               submit
               to
               the
               power
               of
               
                 France
                 :
              
               For
               that
               their
               joyning
               with
               us
               ,
               and
               therein
               making
               it
               ,
               as
               much
               our
               Interest
               to
               promote
               their
               Trade
               ,
               as
               the
               Trade
               of
               any
               other
               Nation
               ,
               may
               answer
               that
               Obiection
               ,
               
                 That
                 their
                 fear
                 of
                 our
                 obstructing
                 their
                 Trade
                 ,
                 will
                 make
                 them
                 averse
                 to
                 us
                 ,
              
               (
               Page
               13.
               )
            
             
             
               
                 Fifthly
                 ,
              
               That
               it
               is
               not
               probable
               ,
               that
               the
               
                 Dutch
              
               will
               ever
               agree
               to
               put
               themselves
               under
               the
               Dominion
               of
               the
               
                 French
                 ,
              
               who
               will
               not
               trust
               them
               without
               such
               advantages
               as
               may
               compel
               them
               to
               observe
               their
               promises
               ,
               as
               the
               other
               will
               never
               give
               them
               such
               a
               power
               ,
               least
               they
               should
               make
               a
               corrupt
               use
               of
               it
               ,
               
                 (
                 Page
                 14.
                 )
              
            
             
               
                 Sixthly
                 ,
              
               That
               considering
               the
               Situation
               and
               Constitutions
               of
               
                 England
                 ,
              
               a
               Coalition
               with
               us
               would
               prove
               more
               acceptable
               and
               advantagious
               to
               them
               ,
               then
               any
               tearms
               they
               can
               expect
               from
               the
               
                 French
                 ,
              
               and
               that
               should
               we
               get
               no
               more
               then
               the
               
                 Maritine
                 Towns
                 ,
              
               and
               the
               
                 French
              
               all
               the
               rest
               of
               the
               
                 States
                 Dominions
                 ,
              
               we
               should
               have
               no
               cause
               to
               repent
               our
               Bargain
               ,
               
                 (
                 Page
                 14.
                 )
              
            
             
               These
               
                 Notions
              
               contain
               the
               substance
               of
               that
               part
               of
               the
               
                 Letter
                 ,
              
               which
               treats
               of
               the
               
                 Interest
                 of
                 England
                 ;
              
               the
               
                 first
              
               of
               which
               I
               must
               not
               at
               present
               deny
               ,
               because
               the
               
                 Auxiliary
              
               assistance
               which
               we
               have
               received
               from
               
                 France
                 ,
              
               seems
               to
               make
               it
               good
               ;
               yet
               the
               
                 Story
              
               of
               88.
               acquaints
               us
               ,
               that
               the
               
                 States
              
               in
               thosetimes
               with
               35.
               
               
                 Men
                 of
                 War
                 ,
              
               Blocked
               up
               
                 Dunkirk
                 ,
              
               and
               the
               
                 Duke
                 of
                 Parma's
                 Navy
              
               in
               it
               ,
               to
               the
               great
               service
               of
               
                 England
                 ;
              
               but
               it
               is
               certain
               ,
               that
               all
               
                 Nations
              
               will
               increase
               ,
               or
               decline
               more
               or
               less
               ,
               according
               as
               their
               
                 Interest
              
               is
               pursued
               ,
               and
               their
               Government
               suted
               to
               it
               ,
               which
               happily
               is
               the
               Cause
               why
               none
               can
               be
               said
               to
               have
               out-done
               the
               States
               of
               
                 Holland
              
               (
               their
               low
               beginnings
               considered
               )
               in
               increase
               in
               
                 Trade
              
               and
               
                 Riches
                 ;
              
               but
               if
               augmentation
               in
               Territories
               ,
               and
               power
               be
               a
               Crime
               ,
               it
               is
               one
               that
               
                 France
              
               is
               more
               guilty
               of
               then
               the
               
                 United
                 Netherlands
                 ,
              
               and
               ought
               therefore
               to
               be
               looked
               upon
               with
               a
               more
               jealous
               Eye
               ?
               for
               the
               natural
               advantages
               that
               we
               have
               of
               the
               
                 Dutch
              
               in
               the
               Situation
               of
               our
               
                 Countrey
                 ,
              
               and
               the
               greatness
               of
               it
               ;
               in
               the
               goodness
               and
               number
               of
               our
               
                 Havens
              
               and
               
                 Ports
                 ,
              
               to
               breed
               
                 Seamen
                 ,
              
               and
               Harbour
               
                 Ships
                 ,
              
               are
               such
               ,
               as
               appears
               to
               me
               to
               render
               it
               impossible
               for
               them
               ,
               ever
               to
               become
               our
               superiours
               at
               Sea
               (
               
                 as
                 is
                 suggested
                 by
                 the
                 Letter
                 ,
              
               Page
               11.
               )
            
             
             
               As
               to
               the
               
                 second
              
               assertion
               ,
               or
               head
               ,
               I
               must
               in
               that
               crave
               leave
               to
               dissent
               ,
               without
               granting
               the
               question
               (
               which
               is
               begged
               )
               that
               
                 Holland
                 ,
              
               whilst
               in
               liberty
               ,
               might
               be
               under
               a
               likelyhood
               of
               agreeing
               with
               
                 France
              
               for
               the
               Conquest
               of
               
                 England
                 ,
              
               the
               thing
               seeming
               to
               me
               to
               be
               morally
               impossible
               .
            
             
               
                 First
                 ,
              
               From
               their
               want
               of
               
                 people
                 ,
              
               especially
               fit
               for
               
                 War
                 ,
              
               their
               
                 Dominions
              
               being
               small
               ,
               and
               furnished
               much
               with
               
                 strangers
                 ,
              
               and
               altogether
               with
               
                 Traders
                 ,
              
               Circumstances
               which
               no
               
                 Countrey
              
               must
               be
               under
               ,
               that
               designs
               Forrein
               Conquests
               or
               Invasions
               .
            
             
               
                 Secondly
                 ,
              
               From
               the
               Nature
               of
               their
               
                 Government
                 ,
              
               in
               its
               being
               no
               more
               then
               an
               
                 Vnion
              
               of
               several
               
                 absolute
                 Sovereignties
                 ,
              
               for
               common
               defence
               and
               preservation
               ,
               which
               is
               a
               quality
               not
               fit
               for
               acquisitions
               ,
               in
               that
               the
               difficulty
               in
               satisfying
               every
               concern
               upon
               the
               good
               success
               of
               their
               Arms
               ,
               and
               the
               many
               occasions
               that
               would
               arise
               from
               thence
               of
               differences
               amongst
               them
               ,
               renders
               it
               impracticable
               .
            
             
               
                 Thirdly
                 ,
              
               From
               the
               impossibility
               of
               the
               
                 French
                 ,
              
               and
               their
               
                 agreement
                 upon
                 the
                 Division
                 of
                 England
                 ;
              
               for
               that
               it
               is
               not
               to
               be
               imagined
               ,
               but
               each
               of
               them
               would
               be
               jealous
               of
               the
               others
               
                 increase
                 in
                 Territories
                 and
                 Power
                 ,
              
               and
               that
               the
               States
               would
               have
               no
               more
               cause
               to
               presume
               upon
               their
               over-witting
               the
               
                 French
                 ,
              
               in
               getting
               to
               themselves
               the
               most
               considerable
               places
               in
               it
               for
               
                 Trade
                 ,
              
               (
               as
               is
               supposed
               by
               the
               
                 Letter
              
               Page
               12.
               )
               then
               the
               
                 French
              
               in
               over-reaching
               
                 them
                 ,
              
               who
               have
               always
               been
               wise
               enough
               in
               
                 Treaties
                 ;
              
               For
               that
               an
               increase
               in
               the
               
                 French
                 Monarchy
              
               would
               be
               more
               dangerous
               to
               the
               
                 States
                 ,
              
               then
               the
               like
               in
               the
               
                 States
              
               would
               be
               to
               
                 them
                 ,
              
               who
               are
               already
               the
               others
               overmatch
               ,
               and
               it
               cannot
               with
               reason
               but
               be
               supposed
               ,
               that
               in
               the
               
                 Division
                 of
                 England
                 ,
              
               the
               
                 French
              
               would
               on
               the
               one
               hand
               have
               an
               Eye
               at
               supplying
               themselves
               with
               that
               they
               only
               want
               ,
               for
               making
               them
               uncontrollable
               in
               the
               world
               ,
               
                 good
                 Havens
              
               and
               
                 Ports
                 ,
              
               and
               also
               on
               the
               other
               
               hand
               ,
               that
               the
               
                 Dutch
              
               would
               never
               yield
               unto
               that
               ,
               that
               would
               
                 destroy
                 them
                 .
              
               But
               if
               
                 England
              
               had
               reason
               to
               be
               jealous
               of
               
                 France
              
               and
               
                 Hollands
              
               Conjunction
               ,
               in
               order
               to
               the
               Conquest
               of
               it
               :
               (
               as
               the
               Letter
               suggests
               )
               I
               fear
               with
               the
               same
               reason
               
                 France
              
               will
               be
               jealous
               of
               
                 Englands
              
               impatronizing
               
                 Holland
                 ,
              
               as
               being
               as
               well
               unwilling
               to
               have
               the
               
                 Dominion
                 of
                 the
                 Seae
              
               so
               much
               
                 undivided
              
               in
               the
               hands
               of
               any
               
                 one
              
               Lord
               ,
               as
               all
               the
               
                 rest
              
               of
               
                 Europe
              
               cannot
               check
               it
               ,
               as
               
                 we
              
               are
               to
               have
               the
               
                 Dominion
                 of
                 the
                 Land
              
               in
               the
               like
               kind
               under
               any
               other
               Lord
               or
               Prince
               ▪
            
             
               To
               the
               
                 Third
              
               ascertion
               ,
               I
               have
               not
               any
               thing
               to
               object
               in
               opposition
               ,
               nothing
               being
               more
               ordinary
               in
               the
               world
               then
               
                 gross
                 mistakes
              
               in
               the
               
                 Interest
              
               of
               Countries
               ,
               proceeding
               often
               from
               
                 passion
                 ,
                 revenge
                 ,
              
               and
               
                 disordered
                 affections
                 ;
              
               yet
               
                 this
              
               may
               be
               said
               in
               the
               Case
               ,
               that
               the
               
                 States
              
               were
               such
               great
               Masters
               in
               the
               knowledge
               of
               their
               civil
               Interests
               ,
               that
               
                 none
              
               might
               have
               been
               
                 safelier
              
               trusted
               upon
               that
               account
               then
               
                 they
                 .
              
            
             
               To
               the
               
                 Fourth
                 head
              
               or
               assertion
               ,
               I
               have
               only
               this
               to
               answer
               ,
               that
               as
               it
               is
               natural
               for
               all
               Rational
               Creatures
               ,
               of
               
                 two
              
               evils
               to
               choose
               the
               
                 least
                 ,
              
               so
               supposing
               ,
               that
               the
               
                 States
              
               being
               reduced
               to
               a
               necessity
               of
               parting
               with
               their
               own
               Government
               ,
               
                 will
                 have
                 the
                 Election
              
               of
               their
               
                 new
              
               Lords
               in
               their
               own
               
                 power
                 ;
              
               and
               taking
               it
               for
               granted
               ,
               that
               they
               are
               men
               of
               some
               
                 Conscience
              
               and
               
                 Religion
                 ,
              
               (
               though
               some
               
                 deny
              
               them
               to
               be
               so
               )
               I
               do
               fully
               agree
               with
               the
               
                 Author
              
               of
               the
               
                 Letter
              
               in
               his
               opinion
               ,
               that
               they
               will
               in
               such
               Case
               choose
               rather
               the
               
                 English
                 ,
              
               then
               the
               severe
               Government
               of
               the
               
                 French
                 ,
              
               unless
               the
               consideration
               (
               in
               their
               partial
               opinion
               )
               of
               who
               is
               best
               able
               to
               protect
               their
               Country
               ,
               do
               not
               prevail
               with
               them
               ,
               to
               
                 trust
              
               the
               
                 French
              
               King
               in
               point
               of
               
                 Religion
                 ;
              
               but
               I
               very
               much
               question
               ,
               whether
               it
               is
               not
               groundless
               to
               suppose
               ,
               that
               any
               Nation
               being
               attacked
               by
               
                 two
              
               great
               
                 Monarchs
                 ,
                 will
                 have
              
               the
               
                 choice
              
               of
               their
               own
               Masters
               left
               to
               
                 themselves
                 ,
              
               by
               a
               
                 mutual
                 agreement
              
               betwixt
               those
               Monarchs
               ,
               without
               which
               it
               cannot
               be
               ;
               but
               I
               highly
               esteem
               the
               
                 Author
              
               of
               
               the
               
                 Letter
                 ,
              
               for
               the
               true
               sense
               he
               expresseth
               to
               have
               of
               the
               
                 French
              
               Government
               ,
               from
               which
               the
               
                 Lord
                 in
                 Mercy
                 deliver
                 all
                 other
                 Countries
                 .
              
            
             
               The
               
                 Fifth
              
               assertion
               ,
               is
               a
               supposition
               that
               the
               
                 Dutch
              
               will
               have
               it
               in
               their
               
                 choice
                 ,
              
               to
               trust
               the
               
                 French
              
               or
               not
               ,
               and
               in
               
                 such
              
               Case
               I
               am
               of
               opinion
               with
               the
               
                 Letter
                 ,
              
               that
               they
               will
               never
               do
               it
               ,
               
                 Spain
                 ,
                 Lorrain
                 ,
              
               and
               the
               
                 Protestants
              
               of
               
                 France
                 ,
              
               being
               a
               sufficient
               
                 warning
              
               to
               them
               ;
               but
               as
               Affairs
               now
               stand
               ,
               I
               very
               much
               fear
               they
               will
               not
               have
               the
               
                 Election
              
               of
               it
               in
               their
               own
               hands
               .
            
             
               The
               
                 Sixth
              
               assertion
               ,
               though
               as
               most
               
                 Weighty
                 ,
              
               deserveth
               most
               
                 Consideration
                 ;
              
               yet
               for
               the
               
                 first
              
               part
               of
               it
               ,
               whether
               
                 England
              
               admitting
               the
               
                 Dutch
              
               to
               a
               
                 Coalition
                 ,
              
               would
               be
               of
               more
               advantage
               to
               them
               then
               any
               tearms
               they
               can
               expect
               from
               the
               
                 French.
              
               I
               will
               not
               dispute
               ,
               but
               am
               much
               of
               belief
               ,
               that
               the
               
                 French
              
               Councils
               ,
               considering
               that
               they
               want
               nothing
               to
               facilitate
               their
               
                 universal
              
               design
               more
               then
               an
               Interest
               in
               the
               
                 Northern
              
               Seas
               ,
               where
               they
               might
               Harbour
               ,
               and
               form
               an
               
                 Navy
                 ,
              
               nourish
               and
               breed
               
                 Seamen
                 ,
              
               and
               likewise
               considering
               ,
               that
               the
               Maritine
               Towns
               of
               
                 Holland
                 ,
                 Zealand
              
               and
               
                 Friezland
                 ,
              
               would
               signifie
               nothing
               without
               
                 Trade
                 ;
              
               but
               in
               danger
               of
               being
               swallowed
               up
               by
               the
               
                 Sea
                 ,
              
               for
               want
               of
               ability
               to
               maintain
               the
               
                 Banks
              
               against
               it
               ,
               nor
               
                 Trade
              
               signifie
               any
               thing
               without
               liberty
               ,
               they
               would
               soon
               find
               it
               necessary
               as
               to
               their
               Interest
               ,
               to
               wave
               the
               
                 French
              
               Principles
               for
               
                 arbitrary
              
               Government
               ,
               and
               to
               leave
               the
               
                 Dutch
              
               in
               a
               great
               measure
               of
               
                 freedom
                 ,
              
               relying
               only
               upon
               
                 Cittadels
                 ,
              
               for
               keeping
               them
               dependant
               upon
               them
               ,
               and
               forcing
               them
               upon
               occasion
               to
               be
               useful
               to
               them
               ,
               as
               judging
               
                 that
              
               the
               best
               way
               to
               serve
               themselves
               of
               them
               ,
               least
               otherwise
               by
               
                 severity
                 ,
              
               they
               should
               provoke
               the
               
                 dispersing
              
               the
               Inhabitants
               to
               
                 Emden
                 ,
                 Bremen
                 ,
                 Hambourg
                 ,
                 Lubeck
              
               and
               
                 Dantzic
                 ,
              
               &c.
               the
               four
               first
               being
               
                 Imperial
                 Free
              
               Cities
               ,
               and
               the
               latter
               the
               
                 same
              
               under
               
               
                 Poland
                 ;
              
               for
               
                 arbitrary
              
               Government
               ,
               (
               that
               must
               be
               maintained
               by
               the
               Sword
               )
               and
               the
               idle
               Callings
               and
               rude
               manners
               of
               
                 Souldiers
                 ,
              
               which
               are
               altogether
               inconsistant
               with
               ,
               and
               
                 Enemies
              
               to
               
                 Trade
              
               and
               
                 Commerce
                 ,
              
               will
               always
               cause
               Traders
               to
               change
               
                 bondage
              
               for
               
                 liberty
                 ,
              
               or
               at
               least
               in
               hopes
               of
               better
               entertainment
               one
               
                 Countrey
              
               for
               another
               ,
               as
               did
               the
               subversion
               of
               the
               
                 Florentine
              
               Government
               in
               
                 that
              
               Countrey
               ;
               and
               as
               they
               were
               preparing
               to
               do
               the
               like
               in
               
                 Holland
                 ,
              
               when
               they
               feared
               the
               late
               
                 Prince
              
               of
               
                 Oreng's
              
               over-turning
               
                 that
              
               State
               ,
               for
               the
               
                 Antipathy
              
               betwixt
               
                 Merchants
              
               and
               
                 Souldiers
              
               is
               such
               ,
               that
               all
               Monarchs
               of
               
                 Trading
              
               Countries
               have
               ever
               held
               it
               their
               Interest
               ,
               to
               keep
               their
               great
               
                 Trading
                 Towns
              
               free
               from
               a
               
                 Mercinary
                 Militia
                 ,
              
               and
               it
               is
               exceeding
               difficult
               ,
               if
               not
               Morally
               impossible
               for
               a
               Prince
               to
               advance
               
                 Trade
              
               to
               any
               great
               
                 height
                 ,
              
               where
               the
               people
               are
               under
               the
               awe
               of
               a
               standing
               
                 Military
              
               power
               ;
               and
               the
               
                 French
                 King
              
               seems
               to
               own
               the
               
                 truth
                 of
                 this
                 ,
              
               in
               that
               finding
               the
               benefit
               of
               Commerce
               ,
               he
               is
               even
               in
               
                 France
              
               content
               that
               his
               
                 Trading
              
               Cities
               should
               be
               freed
               from
               
                 Souldiers
                 ,
              
               and
               more
               gently
               used
               then
               the
               
                 rest
              
               of
               his
               Countrey
               ;
               for
               so
               far
               as
               the
               Nature
               of
               his
               
                 arbitrary
              
               Government
               will
               permit
               ,
               he
               studieth
               all
               manner
               of
               wayes
               to
               advance
               
                 Trade
                 .
              
            
             
               As
               
                 first
                 ,
              
               by
               totally
               prohibiting
               such
               
                 Forrein
                 Commodities
                 ,
              
               and
               
                 Manufactures
                 ,
              
               as
               his
               people
               are
               capable
               of
               
                 making
                 ,
              
               sufficient
               to
               serve
               his
               Countrey
               ,
               as
               
                 Train-Oyl
                 ,
              
               &c.
               
            
             
               
                 Secondly
                 ,
              
               By
               burthening
               
                 others
              
               with
               high
               
                 Customs
              
               and
               
                 Impositions
                 ,
              
               to
               the
               end
               to
               incourage
               his
               
                 own
              
               Artisans
               and
               Seamen
               ,
               thereby
               making
               the
               Trade
               of
               
                 England
              
               thither
               very
               prejudicial
               to
               us
               ,
               our
               
                 Transportations
              
               hence
               being
               inconsiderable
               to
               our
               
                 Importations
              
               thence
               ,
               and
               as
               they
               
                 improve
              
               in
               any
               faculty
               ,
               so
               they
               either
               
                 prohibit
              
               or
               
                 increase
              
               their
               impositions
               ,
               upon
               the
               Importation
               of
               the
               Forrein-made
               Commodities
               of
               that
               faculty
               .
            
             
             
               And
               
                 Thirdly
                 ,
              
               as
               an
               incouragement
               to
               Trade
               ,
               the
               
                 French
              
               King
               hath
               lately
               declared
               the
               exercise
               of
               Commerce
               in
               a
               
                 Gentleman
                 ,
              
               to
               be
               no
               prejudice
               to
               his
               
                 quality
                 ,
              
               having
               also
               erected
               an
               
                 Academy
              
               for
               breeding
               his
               
                 Nobility
              
               to
               
                 Sea
              
               Affairs
               ▪
               and
               teaching
               them
               the
               Art
               of
               
                 Navigation
                 ,
              
               &c.
               
               All
               which
               may
               well
               Alarm
               
                 England
              
               to
               
                 a
                 jealousie
              
               of
               their
               designs
               as
               most
               dangerous
               to
               it
               ,
               and
               to
               look
               upon
               the
               
                 French
                 ,
              
               as
               those
               Rivals
               ,
               whom
               (
               if
               hatred
               be
               
                 lawful
                 ,
              
               as
               the
               
                 Letter
              
               in
               this
               Case
               seems
               to
               make
               it
               )
               we
               ought
               most
               to
               hate
               ;
               for
               should
               they
               once
               come
               to
               
                 Vie
              
               with
               us
               in
               
                 Trade
              
               or
               
                 Naval
              
               strength
               ,
               we
               should
               find
               them
               to
               exceed
               all
               that
               ever
               went
               before
               them
               ,
               in
               
                 insolency
                 ,
                 injustice
                 ,
              
               and
               
                 selfishness
                 .
              
            
             
               And
               whether
               the
               second
               part
               of
               this
               Notion
               hath
               a
               good
               
                 foundation
                 ,
              
               which
               asserts
               ,
               
                 That
                 should
              
               England
               
                 get
                 but
                 the
              
               Sea
               Towns
               
                 alone
                 ,
                 leaving
                 the
              
               rest
               
                 of
                 the
              
               States
               Dominions
               ,
               
                 to
                 the
              
               French
               ,
               
                 we
                 should
                 have
                 no
                 cause
                 to
                 repent
                 our
                 Bargain
                 .
              
               I
               will
               not
               presume
               to
               
                 judge
                 ,
              
               yet
               
                 this
              
               I
               think
               
                 considerable
              
               in
               the
               Case
               ,
               that
               should
               the
               
                 Inlands
              
               of
               the
               
                 Vnited
                 Provinces
                 ,
              
               and
               with
               them
               all
               the
               
                 Conquered
                 places
              
               fall
               to
               the
               share
               of
               the
               
                 French
                 ,
              
               as
               by
               the
               late
               published
               
                 Proposals
              
               in
               
                 Dutch
              
               (
               if
               true
               )
               they
               seem
               to
               pretend
               unto
               the
               
                 Latter
                 ;
              
               then
               having
               thereby
               the
               command
               of
               the
               Rivers
               of
               
                 Rhine
              
               and
               
                 Mase
                 ,
              
               &c.
               together
               with
               
                 Sluce
                 ,
              
               and
               the
               other
               Garrisons
               which
               shuts
               up
               the
               Trade
               of
               
                 Flanders
              
               and
               
                 Brabant
                 ,
              
               they
               will
               have
               it
               in
               their
               power
               to
               render
               all
               the
               parts
               of
               the
               Seventeen
               Provinces
               ,
               which
               will
               remain
               to
               the
               Kings
               of
               
                 England
              
               and
               
                 Spain
              
               of
               no
               more
               
                 use
              
               to
               them
               ,
               then
               they
               please
               to
               
                 allow
              
               of
               .
            
             
               
                 First
                 ,
              
               Because
               the
               
                 Sea
                 Towns
              
               of
               the
               
                 Vnited
                 Netherlands
                 ,
              
               cannot
               be
               divided
               from
               the
               
                 Inlands
                 ,
              
               from
               which
               they
               receive
               their
               
                 nourishment
                 ,
              
               nor
               deprived
               of
               the
               use
               of
               their
               
                 Rivers
                 ,
              
               by
               which
               they
               drive
               their
               
                 Trades
              
               without
               utter
               
                 ruine
              
               to
               them
               ,
               and
               making
               them
               thereby
               an
               intollerable
               
                 burthen
              
               to
               their
               
                 Masters
                 .
              
            
             
             
               
                 Secondly
                 ,
              
               Because
               the
               
                 Spanish
                 Netherlands
              
               will
               thereby
               be
               so
               invironed
               ,
               or
               rather
               be
               leagured
               by
               the
               
                 French
              
               Garrisons
               and
               Forces
               on
               all
               sides
               ,
               as
               well
               towards
               
                 Germany
                 ,
                 Holland
                 ,
              
               and
               
                 Zealand
                 ,
              
               &c.
               as
               towards
               
                 France
                 ,
              
               that
               having
               no
               means
               left
               them
               ,
               for
               forming
               or
               maintaining
               an
               Army
               ,
               (
               as
               any
               that
               know
               those
               Countries
               must
               confess
               )
               they
               will
               always
               be
               in
               the
               
                 French
                 Kings
              
               devotion
               ,
               and
               when
               assaulted
               by
               him
               ,
               without
               possibility
               of
               contributing
               any
               considerable
               assistance
               to
               their
               own
               
                 deliverance
                 ,
              
               or
               to
               make
               the
               
                 Triple
                 League
              
               of
               any
               use
               to
               them
               ,
            
             
               
                 Thirdly
                 ,
              
               Because
               such
               will
               be
               the
               enervated
               condition
               of
               the
               
                 Spanish
                 Netherlands
                 ,
              
               that
               the
               King
               of
               
                 Spain
              
               will
               be
               necessitated
               ,
               as
               not
               being
               able
               to
               
                 maintain
              
               them
               longer
               then
               the
               
                 French
              
               will
               
                 permit
              
               him
               ,
               either
               to
               quit
               them
               voluntarily
               ,
               or
               (
               if
               he
               can
               obtain
               so
               much
               
                 favour
              
               )
               to
               make
               an
               exchange
               or
               sale
               of
               them
               to
               the
               
                 French
              
               King
               ,
               who
               then
               having
               
                 Flanders
              
               and
               
                 Brab●nt
                 ,
              
               (
               which
               he
               hath
               so
               long
               thirsted
               after
               )
               and
               all
               the
               
                 Rivers
              
               belonging
               to
               them
               in
               his
               own
               hands
               ,
               will
               assuredly
               for
               the
               advantage
               of
               
                 himselfe
                 ,
              
               and
               his
               
                 own
                 Countries
              
               even
               in
               times
               of
               
                 peace
                 ,
              
               so
               
                 obstruct
              
               and
               
                 hinder
              
               the
               Trade
               of
               the
               Maritine
               Towns
               of
               
                 Holland
                 ,
                 Zealand
              
               and
               
                 Friezland
                 ,
              
               (
               if
               in
               the
               possession
               of
               any
               but
               himself
               )
               and
               in
               times
               of
               
                 War
              
               totally
               
                 shut
              
               them
               up
               by
               Land
               )
               as
               will
               restore
               
                 Flanders
              
               and
               
                 Brabant
              
               to
               their
               
                 ancient
              
               Trade
               ,
               and
               make
               a
               new
               
                 Holland
              
               of
               them
               ,
               which
               being
               in
               the
               hands
               of
               the
               
                 French
                 ,
              
               will
               probably
               prove
               abundantly
               worse
               to
               
                 England
              
               then
               the
               old
               ,
               if
               large
               
                 experience
              
               of
               injuries
               and
               injustices
               ,
               committed
               in
               Trade
               by
               them
               against
               this
               Nation
               ,
               may
               warrant
               a
               Conclusion
               ,
               as
               by
               the
               Certificate
               under
               the
               Lord
               Ambassador
               
                 Hollis
              
               his
               hand
               ,
               (
               which
               I
               send
               you
               here
               inclosed
               )
               given
               upon
               an
               order
               of
               his
               Majesties
               Privy
               Council
               ,
               Dated
               the
               17.
               
               
                 April
              
               1667.
               in
               the
               Case
               of
               Sir
               
                 Francis
                 Toppe
                 ,
              
               and
               Company
               ,
               doth
               for
               one
               instance
               sufficiently
               appear
               .
            
             
             
               Nay
               ,
               such
               is
               the
               
                 envious
              
               care
               of
               the
               
                 French
                 ,
              
               that
               no
               Nation
               should
               
                 get
              
               or
               
                 thrive
              
               by
               
                 them
                 ,
              
               that
               (
               as
               Mr.
               
                 Samuel
                 Fortrey
                 ,
              
               one
               of
               the
               Gentlemen
               of
               his
               Majesties
               
                 Privy
                 Chamber
                 ,
              
               reporteth
               in
               his
               Book
               Printed
               1663.
               and
               Dedicated
               to
               
                 King
                 Charles
                 the
                 second
                 )
              
               not
               many
               years
               ago
               ,
               they
               suspecting
               (
               through
               mistakes
               )
               that
               
                 England
              
               had
               an
               advantage
               of
               them
               in
               their
               Trade
               for
               
                 France
                 ,
              
               they
               were
               upon
               Counsels
               for
               
                 prohibiting
              
               all
               Trade
               with
               
                 England
                 ,
              
               until
               upon
               a
               strict
               examination
               ,
               they
               found
               ,
               that
               whereas
               
                 England
              
               vented
               of
               their
               Commodities
               into
               
                 France
                 ,
              
               not
               to
               above
               the
               value
               of
               
                 Ten
                 hundred
                 thousand
                 Pounds
                 per
                 annum
                 ;
                 France
              
               vented
               of
               theirs
               to
               the
               
                 English
                 Six
                 and
                 twenty
                 hundred
                 thousand
                 pounds
                 ;
              
               and
               then
               finding
               that
               they
               had
               
                 Sixteen
                 hundred
                 thousand
                 Pounds
              
               advantage
               in
               the
               Ballance
               ,
               they
               soon
               let
               fall
               their
               design
               ,
               though
               yet
               not
               without
               
                 burthening
                 English
              
               Manufactures
               with
               
                 New
                 Impositions
                 ,
              
               in
               such
               manner
               ,
               as
               might
               much
               hinder
               the
               vent
               of
               them
               in
               their
               Countrey
               .
               And
               Mr.
               
                 Fortrey
              
               in
               the
               aforementioned
               
                 Book
                 ,
              
               doth
               not
               only
               recite
               the
               very
               
                 Ballance
              
               of
               
                 Trade
              
               it self
               ,
               which
               he
               affirms
               was
               presented
               to
               the
               
                 French
              
               King
               ,
               to
               shew
               the
               advantage
               they
               have
               in
               their
               Trade
               with
               
                 England
                 ;
              
               but
               also
               
                 adds
              
               further
               ,
               that
               hereby
               it
               may
               appear
               ,
               how
               insensibly
               our
               
                 Treasure
              
               will
               be
               
                 exhausted
                 ,
              
               and
               the
               Nation
               
                 beggered
                 ,
              
               whilst
               
                 we
              
               carelesly
               neglect
               our
               own
               Interest
               ,
               and
               
                 strangers
                 abroad
              
               are
               diligent
               to
               make
               their
               advantage
               by
               us
               .
            
             
               And
               it
               is
               of
               no
               
                 little
              
               consideration
               ,
               that
               the
               
                 French
              
               should
               so
               far
               
                 overvalue
              
               themselves
               ,
               as
               to
               increase
               their
               Impositions
               upon
               
                 Dutch
              
               Commodities
               ,
               to
               a
               degree
               of
               
                 prohibiting
                 ▪
              
               them
               ,
               and
               deny
               to
               the
               
                 Dutch
              
               the
               like
               power
               by
               
                 theirs
                 ,
              
               as
               if
               they
               had
               a
               right
               to
               deal
               as
               they
               please
               towards
               
                 other
                 Nations
                 ,
              
               and
               yet
               none
               to
               do
               towards
               them
               (
               by
               way
               of
               Retalliation
               )
               any
               more
               then
               
                 they
              
               shall
               think
               fit
               to
               give
               them
               
                 leave
              
               to
               do
               ,
               an
               over
               weening
               opinion
               of
               their
               own
               
                 greatness
                 ,
              
               
               which
               all
               
                 Princes
              
               and
               
                 States
              
               ought
               to
               be
               
                 jealous
              
               of
               ,
               as
               not
               knowing
               where
               their
               ambition
               will
               end
               .
            
             
               And
               besides
               
                 these
              
               things
               thus
               instanced
               in
               ,
               we
               have
               great
               cause
               to
               take
               notice
               ,
               that
               as
               the
               effect
               of
               the
               implacable
               
                 hatred
              
               of
               the
               
                 French
              
               to
               our
               Nation
               ,
               they
               cannot
               forbear
               in
               their
               
                 writings
              
               to
               express
               their
               
                 inveterate
                 malice
              
               against
               us
               ,
               as
               that
               Book
               called
               
                 le
                 Politique
                 de
                 France
                 ,
              
               writ
               in
               the
               year
               1669
               ▪
               and
               Dedicated
               to
               the
               
                 French
              
               King
               ,
               is
               a
               pregnant
               Testimony
               ,
               where
               no
               
                 better
                 Epithetes
              
               are
               allowed
               us
               ,
               then
               being
               
                 without
                 friends
                 ,
                 without
                 faith
                 ,
                 without
                 Religion
                 ,
                 without
                 honesty
                 ,
                 without
                 any
                 justice
                 ,
              
               of
               
                 defying
              
               or
               
                 provoking
                 Natures
                 ,
                 light
              
               or
               
                 unconstant
                 to
                 the
                 highest
                 degree
                 ,
                 cruel
                 ,
                 impatient
                 ,
                 gluttons
                 ,
                 proud
                 ,
                 audatious
                 and
                 covetous
                 ,
                 proper
                 for
                 ready
                 execution
                 and
                 assaults
                 ;
                 but
                 uncapable
                 of
                 managing
                 a
                 War
                 with
                 judgment
                 ,
              
               with
               other
               such
               like
               opprobrious
               and
               reproachful
               expressions
               ,
               besides
               a
               Method
               propounded
               to
               be
               observed
               in
               order
               to
               the
               Conquest
               of
               
                 England
                 ,
              
               Page
               158
               ,
               159
               ,
               160
               ,
               161.
               enough
               to
               raise
               a
               lawful
               
                 indignation
              
               in
               all
               true
               
                 Englishmen
                 ,
              
               against
               such
               
                 insolent
              
               slanderers
               ,
               who
               by
               their
               impudence
               ,
               endeavour
               to
               impose
               
                 their
                 own
              
               Characters
               upon
               
                 in
                 ,
              
               contrary
               to
               the
               known
               experience
               of
               the
               rest
               of
               the
               world
               .
            
             
               And
               now
               Sir
               I
               have
               no
               more
               to
               add
               then
               (
               all
               Circumstances
               considered
               )
               my
               agreement
               with
               the
               
                 Pamphlet
              
               in
               this
               Principle
               ,
               that
               while
               
                 France
              
               is
               so
               
                 great
              
               as
               at
               present
               ,
               it
               can
               in
               no
               kind
               be
               for
               the
               
                 safety
              
               of
               
                 England
              
               to
               subvert
               
                 Holland
              
               and
               
                 Zealand
                 ,
              
               &c.
               which
               are
               properly
               called
               their
               
                 out-guards
              
               or
               
                 works
              
               against
               all
               Invasions
               ,
               and
               cannot
               be
               
                 demolished
                 ,
              
               or
               in
               the
               hands
               of
               the
               
                 French
                 ,
              
               without
               laying
               
                 England
                 naked
                 ,
              
               or
               at
               least
               the
               more
               
                 open
              
               to
               that
               Nation
               ,
               and
               that
               nothing
               is
               more
               demonstrable
               ,
               then
               that
               since
               the
               
                 United
                 Provinces
              
               cannot
               signifie
               much
               without
               
                 freedom
                 ,
              
               they
               will
               under
               their
               own
               Government
               be
               of
               
                 most
              
               use
               to
               all
               
                 Christendome
                 ,
              
               (
               save
               
                 France
                 ,
              
               who
               only
               wants
               them
               as
               a
               qualification
               for
               
                 threatning
                 ,
              
               instead
               of
               courting
               their
               Neighbours
               ,
               )
               in
               maintaining
               the
               
               
                 general
                 Ballance
              
               of
               
                 Europe
                 ,
              
               even
               as
               it
               was
               great
               wisdom
               in
               the
               
                 long
                 Parliament
              
               (
               for
               
                 the
                 wickedest
                 of
                 men
                 may
                 have
                 worldly
                 prudence
              
               )
               to
               joyn
               with
               
                 Holland
              
               in
               the
               preserving
               of
               
                 Denmark
                 ,
              
               as
               necessary
               for
               the
               Ballancing
               of
               
                 Sweden
                 ,
              
               when
               
                 Cromwel
              
               (
               in
               his
               time
               )
               in
               revenge
               of
               manifest
               affronts
               ,
               and
               
                 hatred
              
               had
               designed
               the
               ruine
               of
               the
               
                 Dane
                 .
              
            
             
               And
               thus
               Sir
               ,
               having
               in
               obedience
               to
               your
               Commands
               ,
               given
               you
               freely
               my
               sense
               of
               the
               
                 Pamphlet
              
               and
               
                 Letter
                 ,
              
               without
               varying
               from
               the
               
                 matter
              
               in
               
                 either
                 ;
              
               as
               it
               is
               in
               them
               respectively
               stated
               ,
               I
               hope
               you
               will
               pardon
               any
               thing
               wherein
               I
               may
               
                 differ
              
               with
               you
               in
               
                 judgment
              
               or
               
                 opinion
                 ;
              
               for
               I
               have
               this
               for
               my
               
                 Buckler
                 ,
              
               that
               what
               I
               have
               writ
               is
               
                 Truth
                 ,
              
               and
               that
               I
               aim
               at
               nothing
               in
               it
               ,
               but
               the
               true
               
                 Interest
              
               of
               the
               
                 King
              
               and
               
                 Kingdom
              
               of
               
                 England
                 ,
              
               and
               
                 Protestant
              
               Religion
               ,
               denying
               that
               any
               can
               have
               more
               Cordial
               affection
               for
               them
               ,
               then
               my self
               ,
               who
               am
               
                 &c.
                 
              
            
          
        
      
       
         
         
           
             April
             17
             
               th
               .
            
             anno
             1669.
             
          
           According
           to
           the
           Printed
           Copy
           .
        
         
           IN
           obedience
           to
           an
           Order
           of
           Council
           of
           the
           
             16th
             .
          
           present
           ,
           requiring
           my
           opinion
           ,
           what
           is
           fit
           to
           be
           done
           for
           relief
           of
           Sir
           
             Francis
             Toppe
             ,
          
           and
           Company
           :
           I
           do
           humbly
           certifie
           ,
           that
           I
           have
           perused
           their
           Case
           ,
           and
           find
           that
           they
           complain
           of
           great
           losses
           ,
           and
           damages
           ,
           sustained
           in
           the
           year
           1644.
           whilst
           they
           lived
           in
           St.
           
             Malo
             ,
          
           from
           the
           
             French
             ,
          
           by
           seizing
           their
           Goods
           in
           a
           time
           of
           Peace
           ,
           in
           the
           very
           Harbours
           of
           
             France
             ,
          
           whither
           they
           had
           brought
           those
           Goods
           in
           a
           way
           of
           Trading
           ,
           and
           where
           by
           several
           Treaties
           then
           in
           force
           ,
           and
           by
           the
           very
           Law
           of
           Nations
           ,
           (
           which
           gives
           a
           security
           to
           the
           Persons
           and
           Estates
           of
           all
           ,
           who
           reside
           peaceably
           within
           the
           Dominions
           of
           any
           Prince
           or
           State
           )
           they
           ought
           to
           have
           been
           safe
           and
           free
           from
           all
           Arrests
           ,
           the
           owners
           not
           having
           done
           any
           thing
           whereby
           to
           forfeit
           their
           Interest
           in
           them
           ;
           which
           course
           ,
           if
           suffered
           ,
           must
           needs
           be
           the
           destruction
           of
           all
           Trade
           and
           Commerce
           ,
           between
           the
           two
           Kingdoms
           ,
           as
           it
           is
           also
           very
           dishonourable
           ,
           and
           injurious
           to
           his
           Majesty
           ,
           that
           the
           publick
           faith
           should
           be
           broken
           to
           his
           Subjects
           ,
           who
           
           Trade
           under
           his
           protection
           ,
           by
           vertue
           of
           the
           Treaties
           made
           between
           the
           two
           Crowns
           ;
           and
           it
           is
           much
           to
           be
           feared
           ,
           that
           the
           proceedings
           in
           
             France
          
           may
           become
           very
           prejudicial
           in
           this
           kind
           to
           the
           whole
           trading
           of
           the
           
             English
          
           Nation
           in
           that
           Kingdom
           ,
           if
           nothing
           be
           done
           to
           stop
           this
           growing
           mischief
           :
           In
           regard
           this
           is
           not
           the
           single
           Case
           ,
           where
           this
           course
           hath
           been
           put
           in
           practice
           ,
           the
           like
           having
           been
           done
           several
           times
           to
           
             English
          
           Merchants
           at
           
             Rouen
             ,
          
           who
           are
           not
           yet
           free
           of
           the
           trouble
           ▪
           for
           a
           Capture
           at
           Sea
           ,
           whether
           real
           ,
           or
           pretended
           to
           have
           been
           made
           in
           1616.
           by
           an
           
             English
          
           Privateer
           of
           a
           
             French
          
           Ship
           ,
           belonging
           to
           one
           
             Delaun●y
             ,
          
           valued
           but
           at
           six
           thousand
           Livers
           .
           And
           whilst
           I
           had
           the
           Honour
           to
           serve
           his
           Majesty
           ,
           as
           his
           Ambassador
           in
           
             France
             ,
          
           two
           
             English
          
           Ships
           coming
           into
           Harbour
           at
           
             Marseille
             ,
          
           when
           they
           had
           Landed
           their
           Goods
           ,
           and
           paid
           all
           duties
           ,
           were
           seized
           upon
           ,
           Ships
           and
           Goods
           ,
           and
           notwithstanding
           all
           my
           solicitations
           ,
           would
           not
           be
           discharged
           :
           But
           some
           Months
           after
           ,
           the
           War
           breaking
           out
           ,
           were
           given
           to
           the
           
             East
             India
          
           Company
           there
           ,
           they
           pretending
           some
           Ships
           of
           theirs
           ,
           to
           have
           been
           formerly
           taken
           by
           the
           
             English.
          
           And
           now
           as
           I
           hear
           at
           St.
           
             John
             de
             Luz
             ,
          
           the
           same
           usage
           is
           threatned
           ,
           if
           not
           already
           begun
           to
           our
           Merchants
           there
           ,
           for
           the
           reparation
           of
           the
           Widow
           
             de
             Lazin
             ,
          
           for
           some
           goods
           of
           her
           late
           Husbands
           ,
           taken
           from
           her
           by
           the
           
           Parliament
           in
           1643.
           
           So
           as
           all
           this
           makes
           me
           fearful
           it
           may
           come
           to
           be
           a
           constant
           Custom
           ▪
           if
           not
           prevented
           .
           I
           do
           therefore
           offer
           it
           as
           my
           humble
           opinion
           ,
           that
           all
           care
           should
           be
           taken
           for
           the
           prevention
           of
           it
           .
           And
           for
           this
           particular
           Case
           of
           Sir
           
             Francis
             Topp's
             .
          
           and
           Company
           ,
           that
           in
           the
           first
           place
           a
           fair
           application
           may
           be
           made
           to
           the
           
             French
          
           King
           ,
           as
           well
           by
           his
           Ambassador
           here
           ,
           as
           by
           his
           Majesties
           Ambassador
           at
           
             Paris
             ,
          
           for
           the
           just
           satisfaction
           of
           the
           Petitioners
           ,
           which
           may
           be
           hoped
           will
           prove
           effectual
           ,
           and
           should
           it
           not
           ,
           it
           will
           then
           be
           time
           for
           his
           Majesty
           to
           consider
           ,
           what
           is
           further
           to
           be
           done
           for
           the
           vindication
           ,
           of
           his
           own
           Honour
           ,
           and
           and
           the
           protection
           of
           his
           Subjects
           .
        
         
           Hollis
           .
        
         
           FINIS
           .