The art of archerie Shewing how it is most necessary in these times for this kingdome, both in peace and war, and how it may be done without charge to the country, trouble to the people, or any hinderance to necessary occasions. Also, of the discipline, the postures, and whatsoever else is necessarie for the attayning to the art.
         Markham, Gervase, 1568?-1637.
      
       
         
           1634
        
      
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             The art of archerie Shewing how it is most necessary in these times for this kingdome, both in peace and war, and how it may be done without charge to the country, trouble to the people, or any hinderance to necessary occasions. Also, of the discipline, the postures, and whatsoever else is necessarie for the attayning to the art.
             Markham, Gervase, 1568?-1637.
          
           [24], 172 p. : ill. (woodcut)
           
             Printed by B[ernard] A[lsop] and T[homas] F[awcett] for Ben: Fisher, and are to be sold at his shop, at the signe of the Talbot without Aldersgate,
             London :
             1634.
          
           
             Dedication signed: Geruase Markham.
             Printers' names from STC.
             Reproduction of the original in the British Library.
          
        
      
    
     
       
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         eng
      
       
         
           Archery -- Early works to 1800.
        
      
    
     
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           THE
           ART
           OF
           ARCHERIE
           .
           Shewing
           how
           it
           is
           most
           necessary
           in
           these
           times
           for
           this
           Kingdome
           ,
           both
           in
           Peace
           and
           War
           ,
           
             and
             how
             it
             may
             be
             done
             without
          
           charge
           to
           the
           Country
           ,
           trouble
           to
           the
           People
           ,
           or
           any
           hinderance
           to
           necessary
           Occasions
           .
           ALSO
           ,
           Of
           the
           Discipline
           ,
           the
           Postures
           ,
           
             and
             whatsoever
             else
             is
             necessarie
          
           for
           the
           attayning
           to
           the
           Art.
           
        
         
           LONDON
           ,
           Printed
           by
           
             B.
             A.
          
           and
           
             T.
             F.
          
           for
           BEN
           :
           FISHER
           ,
           and
           are
           to
           be
           sold
           at
           his
           Shop
           ,
           at
           the
           Signe
           of
           the
           Talbot
           without
           Alders-Gate
           .
           1634.
           
        
      
       
         
         
         
           TO
           The
           Sacred
           Maiesty
           of
           our
           Dread
           Soueraigne
           CHARLES
           ,
           By
           the
           Grace
           of
           God
           ,
           King
           of
           Great
           Britaine
           ,
           France
           ,
           and
           Ireland
           ;
           Defender
           of
           the
           Faith
           ,
           &c.
           
        
         
           
             SIR
             ,
          
        
         
           THIS
           Proiect
           which
           I
           offer
           to
           your
           Sacred
           
           Maiesty
           ,
           how
           euer
           (
           for
           mine
           owne
           Vnworthinesse
           and
           Insufficiency
           ,
           or
           the
           almost
           last
           Remembrance
           of
           the
           weapon
           ,
           which
           I
           striue
           to
           aduance
           )
           it
           may
           seeme
           vnworthy
           of
           your
           Gracious
           view
           or
           Consideration
           ;
           yet
           I
           am
           confident
           ,
           if
           you
           please
           to
           lay
           your
           sacred
           eyes
           vpon
           it
           ,
           you
           will
           allow
           it
           :
           For
           first
           ,
           it
           will
           be
           
           honourable
           to
           your
           Kingdomes
           ,
           through
           the
           Multiplicitie
           of
           good
           Souldiers
           ;
           Terrible
           to
           your
           opposers
           ,
           when
           they
           heare
           of
           such
           disci●lin'd
           Multitudes
           ,
           and
           not
           troublesome
           to
           your
           Subiects
           ;
           because
           it
           neyther
           puts
           them
           to
           one
           penny
           of
           extraordinary
           Expencee
           ,
           takes
           from
           them
           one
           day
           of
           theyr
           necessary
           Affaires
           ,
           nor
           
           loades
           them
           with
           any
           trouble
           or
           Vexation
           ,
           either
           of
           Minde
           or
           Body
           ;
           Onely
           it
           tyes
           them
           to
           the
           exercise
           and
           performance
           of
           that
           duty
           ,
           to
           which
           they
           are
           bound
           both
           by
           the
           Lawes
           of
           
             God
             ,
             Nature
          
           ,
           and
           the
           wholesome
           Statutes
           of
           this
           Kingdomes
           ,
           as
           the
           Treatise
           (
           I
           hope
           )
           will
           witnesse
           ,
           when
           your
           Maiestie
           (
           or
           any
           by
           
           your
           Maiestie
           appointed
           )
           shall
           reade
           it
           ;
           In
           humble
           confidence
           whereof
           ,
           I
           rest
        
         
           
             Your
             Maiesties
             ,
             poore
             Vassaile
             and
             Subiect
             ,
             
               GERVASE
               MARKHAM
            
             .
          
        
      
       
         
         
         
           TO
           The
           much
           honoured
           Gentleman
           ,
           Mr.
           WILLIAM
           TRVMBALL
           ,
           Esquire
           .
           Eldest
           Clarke
           to
           his
           Maiesties
           most
           Honourable
           Priuie
           Councell
           ,
           and
           Muster-master-Generall
           of
           all
           England
           .
        
         
           
             SIR
             ,
          
        
         
           ALL
           Rivers
           and
           Rivellets
           ,
           Fountaines
           and
           Waters
           what
           soever
           ,
           come
           from
           the
           Sea
           ,
           and
           returne
           to
           the
           Sea
           ,
           the
           〈◊〉
           ▪
           to
           acknowledge
           the
           Hapesse
           of
           their
           Beginnings
           ;
           the
           other
           ,
           
           to
           restore
           the
           Rent
           &
           Tribute
           of
           their
           Duties
           .
           So
           all
           subiects
           receiue
           happinesse
           from
           their
           Souer
           aignes
           ,
           and
           to
           them
           they
           ought
           to
           restore
           any
           thing
           that
           they
           can
           call
           happy
           within
           them
           ;
           Hence
           ,
           I
           have
           presumed
           in
           all
           Humility
           and
           obedience
           ,
           to
           present
           to
           his
           Sacred
           Maiestie
           ,
           this
           little
           Treatise
           of
           
             The
             Art
             of
             Archerie
             ▪
          
           and
           how
           it
           may
           profitably
           be
           vsed
           in
           this
           Kingdome
           ,
           to
           the
           Aduancement
           of
           the
           
             Trayned
             Bands
          
           (
           to
           whose
           Glorie
           and
           Good
           ,
           your
           place
           especially
           calles
           you
           to
           the
           Propagation
           and
           increase
           o●
           young
           Souldiers
           ,
           and
           to
           the
           suppon
           and
           Re-edif●ing
           ,
           of
           the
           now
           falling
           and
           almost
           vtterly
           ruin'd
           Societies
           ●
           Bowyers
           and
           Fletchers
           :
           who
           〈◊〉
           I
           am
           credibly
           informed
           ,
           and
           part
           know
           by
           diuers
           true
           observations
           )
           ●
           so
           shaken
           and
           decayed
           in
           their
           Estat●
           and
           Tradings
           ,
           that
           without
           his
           M●iestie
           Assist
           ,
           it
           is
           impossible
           for
           the
           
           to
           subsist
           .
           Then
           (
           worthy
           Sir
           )
           be
           pleased
           to
           lay
           your
           vertuous
           Hand
           to
           this
           Building
           ,
           and
           make
           your selfe
           Master
           of
           many
           Hearts
           ,
           and
           many
           Prayers
           ,
           which
           (
           vnder
           your
           Pardon
           )
           you
           may
           thus
           effect
           ,
           by
           procuring
           to
           be
           inserted
           into
           the
           Letters
           for
           Musters
           ;
           that
           the
           Supplyes
           may
           appeare
           with
           Bowes
           and
           Arrowes
           ,
           and
           to
           bee
           exercised
           with
           the
           
             Trayned
             Bands
          
           ,
           as
           more
           largely
           appeareth
           in
           the
           Treatise
           ;
           This
           I
           d●re
           no
           further
           vrge
           ,
           but
           leave
           it
           to
           your
           owne
           Goodnesse
           ,
           which
           can
           better
           direct
           ,
           then
           I
           ●an
           Imagine
           .
        
         
           
             Your
             Servant
             ,
             GERV
             :
             MARKHAM
             .
          
        
      
       
         
         
         
           TO
           THE
           WORSHIPfull
           ,
           the
           Masters
           ,
           Wardens
           ,
           and
           Assistants
           ,
           and
           to
           all
           the
           rest
           of
           the
           Worshipfull
           Companies
           and
           Societies
           of
           Bowyers
           and
           Fletchers
           within
           the
           Honourable
           City
           of
           London
           ,
           and
           elsewhere
           .
        
         
           
             Gentlemen
             ,
          
        
         
           IT
           is
           not
           out
           of
           any
           Ambition
           to
           get
           a
           Name
           ,
           out
           of
           any
           hope
           of
           Future
           pro●t
           ,
           nor
           out
           of
           any
           Disposition
           or
           
           loue
           I
           haue
           to
           Nouelties
           ,
           which
           hath
           stirr'd
           me
           vp
           to
           this
           labour
           ;
           But
           onely
           a
           sincere
           affection
           I
           beare
           to
           Truth
           and
           
             Goodnesse
             ▪
          
           which
           in
           former
           times
           were
           ,
           and
           I
           doubt
           not
           but
           will
           bee
           againe
           ,
           and
           euer
           ,
           the
           best
           Friends
           and
           Companions
           to
           the
           Bow
           and
           Arrow
           .
        
         
           It
           is
           true
           ,
           that
           in
           this
           Treatise
           ,
           I
           haue
           (
           according
           to
           my
           weake
           Iudgment
           ,
           and
           vnder
           the
           controlemēt
           of
           better
           knowledges
           )
           shewed
           how
           the
           Bow
           and
           Arrow
           may
           againe
           profitably
           bee
           employed
           ,
           and
           Reuiued
           ,
           without
           offence
           or
           Scandall
           ;
           It
           now
           remayneth
           in
           you
           (
           if
           his
           Maiestie
           shall
           bee
           graciously
           pleased
           ,
           to
           put
           it
           in
           Execution
           )
           to
           make
           good
           all
           my
           promises
           ;
           And
           that
           is
           ,
           by
           furnishin●
           the
           Subiect
           with
           good
           
             Bowes
             ▪
          
           
           good
           Arrowes
           ,
           and
           reasonable
           prices
           ,
           because
           defects
           in
           these
           ,
           will
           both
           disgrace
           the
           Worke
           ,
           and
           giue
           offence
           to
           the
           people
           ;
           yet
           I
           would
           not
           haue
           you
           mistake
           me
           ,
           that
           vnder
           this
           word
           Good
           ,
           I
           meane
           the
           best
           and
           principall
           Bowes
           and
           Arrowes
           ,
           As
           though
           euery
           man
           should
           necessarily
           be
           armed
           with
           Ewe
           and
           Horn-beame
           ;
           no
           ,
           Elme
           and
           Birtch
           ,
           are
           Tymbers
           sufficient
           for
           priuate
           practise
           ,
           and
           if
           they
           bee
           well
           wrought
           ,
           Artificially
           chosen
           ,
           and
           reasonably
           sold
           ;
           the
           Subiect
           shall
           find
           no
           fault
           ,
           nor
           the
           Exercise
           hinderance
           .
        
         
           This
           (
           when
           you
           are
           call'd
           vpon
           )
           you
           are
           to
           take
           into
           your
           considerations
           ,
           which
           I
           know
           you
           can
           better
           doe
           ,
           then
           I
           can
           instruct
           ;
           therefore
           to
           it
           ,
           and
           to
           the
           happy
           
           proceedings
           of
           these
           Beginnings
           ,
           which
           may
           begin
           your
           Benefits
           ,
           I
           leaue
           you
           and
           rest
           ,
        
         
           
             Your
             Well-wisher
             ,
             
               Gervase
               Markham
               ▪
            
          
        
      
       
         
         
           A
           TABLE
           OF
           THE
           THINGS
           CONTAIned
           in
           this
           Booke
           .
        
         
           
             CHAP.
             I.
             
          
           
             A
             Generall
             Encomium
             or
             praise
             of
             Shooting
             both
             in
             Peace
             and
             Warre
             .
             Fol.
             ●
          
           
             CHAP.
             II
             :
          
           
             That
             Shooting
             is
             most
             necessary
             for
             this
             Kingdome
             both
             in
             Peace
             and
             Warre
             ,
             andhow
             it
             may
             profitably
             be
             vsed
             ,
             without
             charge
             to
             the
             Country
             ,
             trouble
             to
             the
             People
             or
             hinderance
             to
             necessary
             Occasions
             .
             fol.
             17
          
           
             
             Chap.
             III.
             
          
           
             Of
             the
             chiefe
             Point
             aimed
             at
             in
             Shooting
             ,
             and
             how
             to
             attaine
             it
             .
             Fol.
             29
          
           
             Chap.
             IV.
             
          
           
             Of
             the
             Bow
             ,
             and
             the
             vse
             .
             Fol.
             34
          
           
             Chap.
             V.
             
          
           
             Of
             the
             Shooting-gloue
             ,
             and
             the
             vse
             thereof
             .
             Fol.
             36
          
           
             Chap.
             VI.
             
          
           
             Of
             the
             String
             ,
             and
             the
             vse
             .
             Fol.
             41
          
           
             Chap.
             VII
             .
          
           
             Of
             the
             Bow
             ,
             the
             diuersities
             and
             the
             vses
             ,
             What
             wood
             is
             best
             ,
             the
             Choice
             ,
             the
             Trimming
             ,
             to
             keepe
             it
             in
             Goodnesse
             ;
             and
             how
             to
             Cure
             all
             mischiefes
             .
             Fol.
             48
          
           
             Chap
             VIII
             .
          
           
             Of
             the
             Shaft
             ,
             and
             the
             vses
             .
             Fol.
             73
          
           
             
             Chap
             IX
             .
          
           
             Of
             the
             Steele
             of
             the
             Arrow
             ,
             the
             excellence
             and
             vse
             .
             Fol.
             76
          
           
             Chap.
             X.
             
          
           
             Of
             the
             Feather
             ,
             the
             Nature
             ,
             excellence
             and
             vse
             .
             Fol.
             88
          
           
             Chap.
             XI
             .
          
           
             Of
             the
             Arrow-head
             ,
             the
             Invention
             ,
             and
             seuerall
             vses
             .
             Fol.
             100
          
           
             Chap.
             XII
             .
          
           
             Of
             the
             handling
             of
             Instruments
             ,
             the
             time
             when
             ,
             &c.
             Fol.
             117
          
           
             Chap.
             XIII
             .
          
           
             Of
             comely
             Shooting
             ,
             the
             Benefit
             and
             meanes
             ,
             with
             the
             faults
             .
             Fol.
             122
          
           
             Chap.
             XIIII
             .
          
           
             The
             first
             Posture
             ,
             which
             is
             Standing
             .
             Fol.
             132
          
           
             
             Chap.
             XV.
             
          
           
             The
             second
             Posture
             ,
             which
             is
             Nocking
             .
             Fol.
             134
          
           
             Chap.
             XVI
             .
          
           
             The
             third
             Posture
             ,
             which
             is
             Drawing
             .
             Fol.
             136
          
           
             Chap.
             XVII
             .
          
           
             The
             fourth
             posture
             ,
             which
             is
             Holding
             .
             Fol.
             139
          
           
             Chap.
             XVIII
          
           
             The
             fift
             Posture
             which
             is
             Loosing
             .
             Fol.
             140
          
           
             Chap
             XIX
             .
          
           
             Of
             keeping
             a
             length
             ,
             of
             Wind
             ,
             and
             weather
             .
             Fol.
             141
          
           
             Chap.
             XX.
             
          
           
             Principall
             obseruations
             from
             the
             time
             of
             the
             yeare
             .
             Fol.
             148
          
           
             
             Chap.
             XXI
             .
          
           
             Of
             giuing
             Ayme
             ,
             the
             Ease
             ,
             and
             the
             Errours
             .
             Fol.
             158
          
           
             Chap.
             XXII
             .
          
           
             Of
             taking
             true
             Standing
             ,
             that
             is
             advantagious
             .
             Fol.
             160
          
           
             Chap.
             XXIII
             .
          
           
             Of
             streight
             Shooting
             ,
             the
             Shifts
             and
             Helpes
             .
             Fol.
             163
          
        
      
    
     
       
         
         
         
           THE
           ART
           OF
           ARCHERIE
           .
        
         
           CHAP.
           1.
           
           A
           Generall
           Encomium
           ,
           or
           praise
           of
           Shooting
           ,
           both
           in
           Peace
           and
           Warre
           .
        
         
           SHooting
           is
           an
           Art
           necessary
           for
           the
           Knowledge
           of
           all
           sorts
           of
           Men
           ,
           vsefull
           both
           in
           Peace
           and
           Warre
           ;
           It
           is
           an
           honest
           pastime
           for
           the
           minde
           ,
           and
           an
           wholesome
           
           exercise
           for
           the
           Body
           ;
           Not
           vilde
           for
           Great-men
           to
           vse
           ,
           nor
           costly
           for
           Poore-men
           to
           maintayne
           ,
           not
           lurking
           in
           holes
           and
           corners
           ,
           for
           ill
           men
           at
           their
           pleasure
           to
           misuse
           it
           ,
           but
           still
           abiding
           in
           the
           open
           sight
           and
           face
           of
           the
           world
           ,
           for
           good
           men
           (
           if
           it
           bee
           any
           way
           faulty
           )
           by
           their
           wisedome
           to
           correct
           it
           .
        
         
           Now
           touching
           the
           Antiquity
           of
           it
           ,
           Claudian
           saith
           ;
           That
           Nature
           first
           gaue
           the
           example
           of
           shooting
           by
           the
           Porpentine
           ,
           which
           by
           shooting
           his
           Quils
           will
           hit
           any
           thing
           that
           fights
           with
           it
           ,
           which
           Learned
           men
           afterwards
           imitated
           in
           finding
           out
           Bow
           and
           
             shafts
             :
             Plinie
          
           referreth
           it
           to
           Scythes
           ,
           the
           sonne
           of
           Iupiter
           .
           Better
           and
           nobler
           Writers
           ,
           as
           
             Plato
             ,
             Calimachus
          
           ,
           and
           Galen
           ,
           bring
           Shooting
           from
           Apollo
           ,
           when
           hee
           flew
           Python
           ;
           yet
           long
           before
           those
           dayes
           ,
           wee
           reade
           expresly
           in
           the
           Bible
           of
           
           Shooting
           ,
           and
           if
           wee
           shall
           beleeue
           
             Lira
             ,
             Lamech
          
           killed
           Caine
           with
           a
           Shaft
           ,
           which
           long
           continuance
           doth
           not
           a
           little
           praise
           the
           Art
           ,
           besides
           ,
           that
           it
           hath
           at
           all
           times
           and
           may
           still
           bee
           vsed
           by
           all
           men
           ,
           the
           examples
           of
           the
           Antients
           are
           proofes
           vnresistable
           ;
           Cyaxares
           King
           of
           the
           Medes
           and
           great
           Grandfather
           to
           Cyrus
           ,
           kept
           a
           company
           of
           Scythians
           with
           him
           onely
           to
           teach
           his
           Sonne
           Astiages
           to
           shoote
           ,
           and
           Cyrus
           ,
           being
           a
           Child
           ,
           as
           Zenophon
           sheweth
           ,
           was
           himselfe
           taught
           the
           Art
           of
           Shooting
           ;
           Darius
           was
           so
           exquisite
           in
           this
           Art
           ,
           that
           hee
           caused
           this
           Inscription
           to
           be
           grauen
           on
           his
           Monument
           :
           
             
               DARIVS
               the
               King
               lyes
               buried
               heere
               ;
            
             
               That
               in
               Shooting
               and
               Riding
               had
               no
               peere
               .
            
          
        
         
         
           Domitian
           the
           Emperour
           was
           so
           cunning
           in
           Shooting
           ,
           that
           he
           would
           shoote
           betwixt
           a
           mans
           fingers
           standing
           a
           farre
           off
           and
           neuer
           hurt
           him
           .
           Comodus
           also
           had
           so
           sure
           an
           hand
           ,
           that
           there
           was
           nothing
           within
           his
           reach
           and
           shoote
           but
           hee
           could
           hit
           it
           in
           what
           place
           he
           listed
           :
           Themistius
           the
           Phylosopher
           commended
           Theodosius
           the
           Emperour
           ,
           for
           three
           things
           which
           hee
           vsed
           of
           a
           Child
           ,
           which
           were
           
             Shooting
             ,
             Riding
          
           ,
           and
           
             Feates
             of
             Armes
          
           :
           And
           not
           onely
           Kings
           and
           Emperours
           haue
           beene
           brought
           vp
           in
           Shooting
           ,
           but
           also
           the
           best
           Common-wealths
           haue
           made
           excellent
           Edicts
           to
           maintayne
           it
           .
           The
           Persians
           (
           which
           vnder
           Cyrus
           conquered
           in
           a
           manner
           all
           the
           world
           )
           made
           a
           Law
           ,
           that
           their
           Children
           from
           Fiue
           yeares
           old
           vnto
           Twenty
           ,
           should
           learne
           three
           onely
           things
           ,
           that
           was
           ;
           To
           
           Ride
           ,
           to
           Shoote
           ,
           and
           to
           
             Speake
             Truth
             alwayes
          
           ;
           The
           Romans
           had
           a
           Law
           ,
           that
           euery
           man
           should
           vse
           Shooting
           in
           the
           time
           of
           Peace
           ,
           till
           hee
           was
           Forty
           yeares
           old
           ,
           and
           that
           euery
           House
           should
           haue
           a
           Bow
           and
           forty
           Shafts
           ready
           for
           all
           occasions
           ;
           If
           I
           should
           rehearse
           the
           Statutes
           made
           in
           Parliament
           by
           the
           Kings
           of
           England
           for
           the
           advancement
           of
           Shooting
           ,
           I
           should
           but
           tyre
           patience
           ,
           let
           these
           therefore
           suffice
           already
           rehearsed
           ;
           And
           how
           fit
           labour
           is
           for
           Youth
           ,
           Minos
           among
           the
           Grecians
           ,
           and
           Licurgus
           among
           the
           Lacedemonians
           doe
           shew
           ,
           who
           neuer
           ordayned
           any
           thing
           for
           the
           bringing
           vp
           of
           Youth
           that
           was
           not
           joyned
           with
           labour
           ;
           and
           that
           labour
           which
           is
           in
           Shooting
           ,
           is
           of
           all
           other
           the
           best
           ;
           both
           because
           it
           increaseth
           Strength
           ,
           and
           most
           preserueth
           Health
           ,
           being
           not
           
           vehement
           but
           moderate
           ,
           not
           ouerlaying
           any
           one
           part
           with
           wearines
           ,
           but
           exercising
           euery
           part
           with
           equalnesse
           ,
           as
           the
           Arme
           and
           Brest
           with
           drawing
           ,
           the
           other
           parts
           with
           walking
           ,
           being
           not
           so
           painefull
           for
           the
           labour
           as
           delightfull
           for
           the
           pastime
           ,
           which
           Exercise
           by
           the
           Iudgement
           of
           the
           best
           Physitians
           is
           most
           allowable
           .
           Also
           by
           Shooting
           ,
           the
           mind
           is
           honestly
           imployed
           ,
           where
           a
           man
           doth
           alwayes
           desire
           to
           doe
           best
           ,
           (
           which
           is
           a
           word
           of
           honesty
           )
           and
           by
           the
           same
           way
           that
           Vertue
           it selfe
           doth
           ,
           coueting
           to
           come
           nighest
           a
           most
           perfect
           end
           or
           meane
           ,
           standing
           betweene
           two
           extreames
           ,
           eschewing
           Short
           ,
           or
           ;
           Gone
           ,
           or
           on
           eyther
           side
           Wide
           ;
           which
           caused
           Aristotle
           to
           say
           ,
           that
           Shooting
           and
           Vertue
           ,
           were
           like
           one
           another
           ,
           and
           that
           Shooting
           of
           all
           other
           Recreations
           was
           the
           most
           
           honest
           ,
           and
           gaue
           least
           occasion
           to
           haue
           Naughtinesse
           joyned
           vnto
           it
           ,
           which
           two
           things
           ,
           doe
           approue
           ,
           that
           (
           as
           Tutors
           or
           Overseers
           )
           are
           fixed
           vnto
           it
           ,
           and
           that
           is
           ,
           Day-light
           and
           Open-place
           where
           euery
           man
           doth
           come
           ,
           the
           keepers
           from
           all
           vnhonest
           Actions
           .
           If
           a
           man
           shoot
           foule
           at
           any
           time
           ,
           it
           is
           not
           hid
           ,
           it
           lurkes
           not
           in
           corners
           ,
           but
           openly
           ●ccuseth
           and
           bewrayeth
           it selfe
           ,
           which
           (
           as
           wise
           men
           say
           )
           is
           the
           next
           way
           to
           amendment
           .
        
         
           Now
           as
           Shooting
           is
           thus
           excellent
           in
           it selfe
           ,
           and
           most
           allowable
           by
           both
           Antient
           and
           Moderne
           Authority
           and
           example
           in
           the
           time
           of
           Peace
           ;
           So
           it
           is
           much
           more
           illustrious
           ,
           and
           by
           many
           degrees
           more
           profitable
           and
           with
           more
           vigour
           ●o
           bee
           acquired
           in
           the
           time
           of
           Warre
           —
           as
           thus
           ,
           —
        
         
         
           The
           vpper-hand
           in
           Warre
           ,
           next
           to
           the
           goodnesse
           of
           God
           (
           from
           whom
           all
           Victory
           commeth
           )
           standeth
           chiefly
           in
           three
           things
           ;
           The
           
             Wisdome
             of
             the
             Prince
          
           ,
           the
           
             Slights
             and
             Policies
             of
             the
             Commanders
             ,
          
           and
           the
           
             Strength
             and
             cheerefull
             forwardnes
             of
             the
             Soldiers
             :
          
           The
           2.
           first
           I
           will
           omit
           (
           they
           are
           Elements
           aboue
           mee
           )
           the
           last
           ,
           which
           is
           the
           strength
           of
           warre
           ,
           it
           abideth
           in
           the
           Souldier
           ,
           whose
           chiefe
           praise
           and
           vertue
           is
           Obedience
           to
           his
           Superiours
           ,
           then
           to
           haue
           and
           handle
           his
           Weapon
           well
           ;
           of
           which
           ,
           the
           one
           must
           bee
           at
           the
           Captaines
           appointment
           ,
           the
           other
           ,
           lyeth
           in
           the
           Courage
           and
           exercise
           of
           the
           Souldier
           ;
           yet
           of
           all
           Weapons
           ,
           the
           best
           is
           that
           ,
           where
           with
           least
           danger
           to
           our selues
           ,
           wee
           may
           hurt
           our
           Enemies
           most
           ;
           And
           that
           is
           ,
           (
           as
           I
           suppose
           )
           by
           Artillerie
           ,
           which
           now
           adayes
           is
           taken
           for
           G●nnesu
           and
           Bowes
           ,
           which
           how
           
           much
           they
           doe
           in
           Warre
           ,
           both
           daily
           experience
           doth
           teach
           ,
           and
           
             Peter
             Nannius
          
           of
           Lovayne
           doth
           very
           well
           set
           out
           in
           a
           Dialogue
           ,
           wherein
           this
           is
           remarkable
           ,
           that
           when
           hee
           hath
           shewed
           all
           the
           excellent
           commodities
           of
           both
           ,
           and
           some
           discommodities
           of
           Gunnes
           ,
           as
           infinite
           cost
           ,
           and
           charge
           ,
           cumbersome
           carriage
           ;
           And
           if
           they
           bee
           great
           ,
           the
           vncertaine
           leuelling
           ,
           the
           perill
           of
           them
           that
           stand
           by
           them
           ,
           the
           easier
           avoiding
           by
           them
           that
           are
           farre
           of
           .
           And
           if
           they
           be
           little
           ,
           the
           lesse
           both
           feare
           and
           jeopardy
           is
           in
           them
           ,
           besides
           all
           contrary
           winds
           and
           weather
           which
           doth
           hinder
           them
           not
           a
           litle
           ;
           yet
           of
           all
           ,
           in
           Shooting
           hee
           cannot
           rehearse
           any
           discommody
           ;
           yea
           ,
           so
           necessary
           hath
           Shooting
           been
           ,
           and
           so
           highly
           set
           by
           ,
           that
           to
           its
           lasting
           credit
           it
           is
           recorded
           ,
           that
           when
           Hector
           and
           his
           Troians
           ,
           would
           haue
           set
           fire
           on
           the
           Greeke
           ships
           ,
           Teucer
           with
           his
           Bow
           
           made
           them
           recoile
           backe
           againe
           ,
           And
           Troy
           it selfe
           could
           neuer
           be
           destroyed
           without
           the
           helpe
           of
           Hercules
           Shafts
           ,
           which
           thing
           doth
           signifie
           ,
           that
           though
           all
           the
           world
           were
           gathered
           into
           one
           Army
           ,
           yet
           without
           Shooting
           they
           can
           neuer
           come
           to
           their
           purpose
           ,
           and
           this
           may
           partly
           be
           collected
           out
           of
           the
           holy
           Scriptures
           ,
           where
           it
           is
           recorded
           ,
           that
           among
           the
           Iewes
           ,
           nothing
           was
           so
           frequent
           or
           did
           so
           much
           good
           as
           Bowes
           ;
           insomuch
           ,
           
           that
           whē
           the
           Iewes
           had
           any
           great
           victory
           ouer
           the
           Gentiles
           ,
           the
           first
           thing
           that
           the
           Captaines
           did
           ,
           was
           to
           exhort
           the
           people
           to
           giue
           all
           the
           thankes
           to
           God
           for
           the
           conquest
           ,
           and
           not
           to
           their
           Bowes
           wherewith
           they
           had
           slaine
           their
           enemies
           .
           God
           when
           he
           promiseth
           helpe
           to
           the
           Iewes
           vseth
           no
           kind
           of
           speaking
           so
           much
           as
           this
           ;
           
             That
             he
             will
             bend
             his
             
             Bow
             ,
             and
             die
             his
             Shafts
             in
             the
             Gentiles
             blood
          
           ;
           whereby
           it
           is
           manifest
           ,
           that
           God
           will
           either
           make
           the
           Iewes
           to
           shoot
           strong
           shootes
           to
           ouerthrow
           their
           enemies
           ,
           or
           at
           least
           ,
           that
           Shooting
           is
           a
           mighty
           powerfull
           thing
           in
           warre
           ,
           wherevnto
           the
           high
           power
           of
           God
           is
           likened
           ;
           David
           in
           the
           Psalmes
           ,
           
           ,
           calleth
           Bowes
           ,
           
             The
             vessels
             of
             Death
             ,
             A
             Bitter
             thing
             ,
             a
             mighty
             Power
             ,
          
           with
           like
           Attributes
           ;
           yet
           one
           place
           more
           I
           must
           remember
           for
           the
           praise
           of
           Shooting
           ;
           and
           that
           is
           ,
           when
           Saul
           was
           slayne
           by
           the
           Philistines
           (
           beeing
           mighty
           Bow-men
           )
           and
           Ionathan
           his
           Sonne
           ,
           who
           was
           so
           good
           an
           Archer
           ,
           that
           he
           never
           shot
           shaft
           in
           vayne
           ;
           the
           first
           Statute
           David
           made
           ,
           after
           hee
           came
           to
           the
           Kingdome
           ;
           was
           ,
           that
           all
           
             Israel
             should
             learne
             to
             shoot
          
           :
           
           by
           which
           wee
           see
           what
           great
           use
           and
           Provision
           ,
           even
           from
           the
           beginning
           ,
           was
           among
           
           the
           Iewes
           for
           Shooting
           .
           S●sostris
           the
           most
           potent
           King
           that
           ever
           was
           in
           Aegypt
           ,
           overcame
           a
           great
           part
           of
           the
           World
           ,
           onely
           by
           Archers
           ,
           and
           in
           token
           how
           he
           vanquished
           all
           men
           ,
           he
           set
           up
           in
           many
           places
           great
           Images
           to
           his
           owne
           likenesse
           ,
           with
           a
           Bow
           in
           one
           hand
           ,
           and
           a
           sharpe
           headed-Arrow
           in
           the
           other
           .
           The
           Prince
           of
           
             Samos
             ,
             Policrates
          
           ,
           was
           Lord
           over
           the
           Greeke
           Seas
           ,
           and
           withstood
           the
           power
           of
           the
           Persians
           ,
           onely
           by
           the
           helpe
           of
           one
           thousand
           Archers
           .
           The
           best
           part
           of
           Alexanders
           armie
           were
           Archers
           ,
           as
           Appian
           and
           others
           record
           ,
           and
           they
           so
           strong
           ,
           that
           sundry
           times
           they
           overcame
           their
           Enemies
           before
           any
           other
           weapon
           could
           come
           in
           to
           second
           them
           .
           But
           to
           let
           passe
           these
           foreine
           examples
           ,
           I
           will
           conclude
           with
           this
           saying
           out
           of
           
             Pliny
             ;
             If
             any
             man
             would
             call
             
             to
             mind
             the
             Aethiopians
             ,
             Aegyptians
             ,
             Arabians
             ,
             Indians
             ,
             Scythians
             ,
             Sarmathians
          
           and
           
             Parthians
             ,
             hee
             shall
             perceive
             halfe
             the
             World
             to
             live
             in
             Subiection
             ,
             overcome
             by
             the
             power
             and
             might
             of
             Shooting
             .
          
           Againe
           ,
           Leo
           writing
           concerning
           what
           Armes
           were
           best
           ,
           sayth
           thus
           ;
           
             Let
             all
             the
             youth
             of
             Rome
             be
             compelled
             to
             vse
             shooting
             ,
             eyther
             more
             or
             lesse
             ,
             and
             ever
             to
             carry
             their
             Bowe
             and
             Quiver
             about
             them
             ,
             untill
             they
             bee
             forty
             yeares
             old
             .
          
           And
           in
           another
           place
           ,
           he
           sayth
           ;
           
             Let
             the
             Souldiers
             have
             their
             weapons
             well
             appointed
             ,
             but
             above
             all
             other
             things
             regard
             most
             Shooting
             ;
             especially
             in
             the
             time
             of
             peace
             ,
             for
             the
             neglect
             of
             it
             onely
             ,
             hath
             brought
             the
             whole
             Empire
             of
             Rome
             to
             Ruine
             .
          
           And
           againe
           ,
           he
           saith
           thus
           to
           his
           Generall
           ;
           
             Arme
             your
             Hoast
             as
             I
             have
             appointed
             you
             ,
             but
             especially
             with
             Bowes
             and
             Arrowes
             ,
             for
             the
             power
             of
             it
             is
             infinite
             .
          
           And
           againe
           
           to
           the
           same
           Generall
           ,
           thus
           ;
           
             Artillerie
             is
             easie
             to
             bee
             prepared
             ,
             and
             in
             time
             of
             need
             a
             thing
             most
             profitable
             ,
             therefore
             wee
             straightly
             command
             you
             to
             make
             Proclamation
             to
             all
             men
             under
             our
             Dominions
             ,
             which
             bee
             eyther
             in
             Warre
             or
             Peace
             ,
             to
             all
             Cities
             ,
             Boroughs
             and
             Townes
             ,
             and
             finally
             to
             all
             manner
             of
             men
             ,
             that
             every
             severall
             person
             have
             Bowe
             and
             Shafts
             of
             his
             owne
             ,
             and
             every
             house
             (
             besides
             this
             ,
             )
             to
             have
             a
             standing
             ,
             bearing
             Bow
             and
             40.
             
             Arrowes
             for
             all
             needs
             ,
             and
             that
             they
             exercise
             themselues
             ,
             in
             Holts
             ,
             Hills
             ,
             and
             Dales
             ,
             Playnes
             and
             Woods
             ,
             for
             all
             manner
             of
             chances
             which
             may
             happen
             in
             Warre
             .
          
           Which
           Law
           of
           this
           good
           Emperour
           ,
           if
           it
           were
           in
           force
           in
           England
           ,
           those
           which
           now
           haunt
           
             Play-houses
             ,
             Ale-houses
          
           and
           Tobacco-shops
           ,
           I
           would
           presume
           ,
           by
           little
           and
           little
           ,
           bee
           brought
           to
           a
           better
           esteeme
           of
           themselves
           and
           a
           greater
           
           loathing
           of
           those
           ill
           places
           .
           Lastly
           ,
           to
           conclude
           with
           our
           owne
           Nation
           ;
           what
           Battayle
           haue
           wee
           ever
           fought
           eyther
           at
           home
           or
           abroad
           and
           tryumphed
           ,
           but
           the
           Bow
           (
           next
           unto
           God
           )
           hath
           carryed
           the
           honor
           ,
           witnesse
           the
           famous
           Battaile
           of
           Cressie
           against
           Philip
           the
           French
           King
           ,
           where
           (
           as
           our
           Adversaries
           themselves
           doe
           confesse
           )
           was
           slain
           all
           the
           Nobility
           of
           France
           ,
           onely
           by
           the
           English
           Archers
           :
           like
           unto
           this
           ,
           was
           the
           Battaile
           fought
           by
           the
           Blacke
           Prince
           beside
           Poyctiers
           ,
           where
           Iohn
           the
           French
           King
           ,
           with
           his
           Sonne
           ,
           and
           in
           a
           manner
           all
           the
           Peeres
           of
           France
           were
           taken
           ,
           besides
           30000.
           which
           that
           day
           were
           slaine
           ,
           and
           very
           few
           Englishmen
           .
           As
           this
           ,
           so
           the
           Battayle
           of
           Agincourt
           ,
           is
           remarkeable
           ,
           where
           Henry
           the
           fifth
           ,
           with
           7000.
           fighting
           men
           ,
           and
           many
           of
           them
           sicke
           
           and
           vnable
           ,
           yet
           such
           Archers
           ,
           tha●
           (
           as
           the
           Chronicle
           doth
           report
           )
           most
           of
           them
           drew
           a
           yard
           ,
           slew
           all
           the
           Chevalrie
           of
           France
           ,
           to
           the
           number
           of
           40000.
           and
           more
           ,
           and
           lost
           not
           above
           26.
           of
           the
           English.
           The
           bloody
           Civill
           Warre
           betwixt
           the
           two
           great
           houses
           of
           Yorke
           and
           Lancaster
           ,
           where
           Arrowes
           flew
           on
           every
           side
           ,
           will
           witnesse
           the
           powerfulnesse
           of
           the
           Bow
           ,
           and
           as
           these
           ,
           so
           a
           world
           of
           others
           ,
           too
           tedious
           to
           recite
           .
           So
           that
           in
           conclusion
           ,
           it
           cannot
           be
           denyed
           ,
           but
           the
           Bowe
           hath
           done
           more
           wonderfull
           exployts
           and
           brought
           home
           more
           Tryumphs
           ,
           then
           any
           other
           weapon
           that
           ever
           was
           read
           of
           ,
           cyther
           in
           Greeke
           or
           Latine
           Story
           ,
           then
           that
           it
           should
           now
           fall
           sicke
           ,
           languish
           ,
           nay
           dye
           ,
           and
           be
           buried
           in
           perpetuall
           oblivion
           ,
           
             O
             quam
             te
             memorem
          
           .
        
      
       
         
         
           Chap.
           II.
           That
           shooting
           is
           most
           necessarie
           for
           this
           Kingdome
           both
           in
           peace
           and
           Warre
           ,
           and
           how
           it
           may
           profitably
           bee
           vsed
           ,
           without
           charge
           to
           the
           Country
           ,
           trouble
           to
           the
           People
           ,
           or
           any
           hinderance
           to
           necessary
           occasions
           .
        
         
           WHatsoever
           I
           have
           formerly
           spokē
           in
           praise
           of
           the
           Bowe
           ,
           which
           I
           know
           to
           bee
           most
           worthy
           ,
           yet
           I
           would
           not
           have
           the
           curious
           to
           mistake
           me
           ,
           and
           thinke
           in
           it
           I
           derogate
           from
           other
           Weapons
           ,
           and
           so
           call
           me
           a
           King
           Harry
           Captaine
           ,
           or
           a
           man
           of
           an
           old
           Edition
           ,
           out
           of
           date
           in
           these
           refined
           times
           ,
           where
           nothing
           is
           excellent
           ,
           but
           that
           which
           is
           least
           excellent
           ,
           Folly
           and
           Selfe-opinion
           ;
           
           No
           ,
           I
           am
           farre
           from
           such
           censuring
           ,
           for
           I
           acknowledge
           th●
           Pike
           and
           Musquet
           to
           bee
           the
           elde●
           Brethren
           in
           Warre
           ,
           and
           the
           Weapons
           wherewith
           I
           have
           both
           commanded
           and
           beene
           commanded
           al●
           my
           life
           in
           the
           Warres
           :
           neythe●
           dare
           I
           carry
           a
           thought
           eyther
           t●
           weaken
           their
           power
           ,
           or
           decreas●
           their
           number
           ,
           my
           wish
           is
           ,
           that
           hi●
           Majesty
           had
           for
           every
           ten
           an
           hundred
           .
           But
           when
           I
           looke
           into
           th●
           state
           of
           the
           Kingdome
           ,
           to
           whic●
           my
           place
           in
           severall
           Countye●
           calles
           me
           ,
           I
           finde
           there
           is
           a
           sele●●
           and
           choyse
           company
           cull'd
           out
           〈◊〉
           every
           Shire
           ,
           which
           are
           called
           th●
           Cautionary
           or
           trayned
           Band
           ,
           an●
           which
           are
           armed
           with
           Pike
           an●
           Musquet
           ,
           yet
           with
           that
           difficult
           and
           vnpreparednesse
           ,
           that
           authority
           her selfe
           cannot
           deny
           ,
           but
           if
           sod●ine
           and
           vnlookt
           for
           alaru●
           
           should
           rayse
           them
           ,
           few
           Countyes
           would
           boast
           of
           absolute
           perfection
           ,
           but
           allow
           them
           (
           as
           they
           should
           ●e
           )
           compleat
           in
           every
           thing
           be●onging
           vnto
           them
           ,
           yet
           they
           are
           but
           ●n
           handfull
           ,
           and
           not
           to
           compare
           with
           the
           vnarmed
           ,
           one
           in
           an
           hun●red
           ;
           If
           then
           ,
           to
           these
           Trayned
           ●ands
           ,
           there
           were
           an
           equall
           ●umber
           or
           a
           much
           greater
           of
           well
           ●isciplined
           Bowe-men
           ,
           doubtlesse
           ●●ey
           would
           bee
           found
           of
           great
           vse
           ,
           ●nd
           not
           onely
           gaine
           glory
           to
           the
           ●ingdome
           ,
           but
           feare
           and
           amaze●ent
           to
           all
           those
           which
           durst
           to
           ●tempt
           vs
           :
           And
           that
           this
           is
           ,
           a
           ●orke
           most
           necessary
           and
           most
           ea●e
           ,
           without
           charge
           ,
           trouble
           ,
           or
           o●er
           difficulty
           ,
           thus
           I
           approve
           it
           .
        
         
           First
           ,
           for
           the
           necessity
           ,
           it
           is
           ●●owne
           to
           all
           those
           which
           eyther
           ●●ow
           vs
           ,
           have
           heard
           of
           vs
           ,
           or
           have
           ●lt
           vs
           ;
           that
           we
           are
           a
           potent
           ,
           valiant
           ,
           
           and
           daring
           Nation
           :
           not
           trusting
           vnto
           walled
           Towns
           ,
           Castles
           ,
           Fort●
           or
           concealed
           Stratagems
           ,
           but
           vnto
           the
           God
           of
           Battailes
           ,
           a
           goo●●
           Cause
           ,
           and
           well
           manag'd
           Armes
           so
           that
           what
           Enemy
           soever
           wil●
           seeke
           vs
           ,
           shall
           finde
           ●s
           in
           the
           ope●
           field
           ,
           where
           a
           Battaile
           must
           ever
           b●
           made
           the
           Arbitrator
           of
           our
           goo●●
           or
           evill
           Fortune
           .
           If
           then
           ,
           the
           chanc●
           of
           one
           day
           must
           decide
           our
           contro●versie
           ,
           what
           better
           Art
           can
           bee
           v●sed
           in
           that
           extremity
           ,
           then
           the
           Ar●
           of
           Multiplication
           ,
           or
           bringing
           〈◊〉
           most
           Multitudes
           to
           fight
           withou●
           disorder
           ;
           for
           ,
           according
           to
           the
           Pre●verbe
           ,
           
             Many
             hands
             make
             lig●●
             worke
             ▪
          
           and
           albe
           a
           few
           may
           pre●vayle
           through
           the
           vertue
           of
           Discipline
           ,
           yet
           more
           will
           do
           more
           good
           if
           Valour
           and
           Wisedome
           bee
           no●
           wanting
           ,
           as
           thus
           for
           example
           ;
           ●
           Battaile
           is
           to
           be
           fought
           ,
           and
           〈◊〉
           
           King
           brings
           into
           the
           Field
           20000.
           ●●●ed
           with
           Pyke
           and
           Musquet
           ,
           to
           ●●●ng
           a
           greater
           number
           with
           those
           ●eapons
           is
           difficult
           or
           hurtfull
           ,
           ey●●er
           through
           the
           want
           of
           Armes
           ,
           or
           ●e
           necessity
           of
           other
           places
           :
           If
           ●en
           ,
           there
           bee
           10000.
           strong
           and
           ●ell
           exercised
           Bowe-men
           to
           joyne
           ●●to
           them
           ,
           can
           any
           man
           be
           so
           sot●h
           as
           not
           to
           conceiue
           what
           terror
           ●●d
           amazement
           those
           Showers
           of
           ●●rrowes
           will
           bring
           to
           the
           Enemy
           ,
           ●t
           this
           bee
           judg'd
           by
           them
           that
           ●●ve
           seene
           the
           affright
           in
           Battailes
           ,
           ●r
           mine
           owne
           part
           ,
           I
           cannot
           but
           ●●nceive
           it
           a
           worke
           of
           great
           neces●●●y
           ,
           excellent
           vse
           ,
           and
           infinite
           pro●●able
           both
           to
           the
           King
           ,
           and
           his
           Kingdomes
           .
        
         
           Now
           touching
           the
           easie
           accom●lishment
           of
           this
           worke
           ,
           without
           ●arge
           or
           vexation
           ,
           or
           so
           much
           as
           ●grumbling
           to
           the
           common
           people
           ▪
           
           it
           may
           thus
           (
           if
           his
           Majesti●
           please
           )
           be
           effected
           .
        
         
           There
           are
           (
           or
           at
           least
           there
           ough●
           to
           be
           )
           in
           every
           City
           ,
           Towne
           ,
           Ham●let
           and
           Village
           ,
           a
           certaine
           sele●
           Company
           of
           the
           best
           and
           able●
           men
           both
           for
           person
           and
           estat●
           which
           should
           amount
           to
           a
           doub●
           number
           ,
           or
           more
           then
           those
           whic●
           are
           called
           the
           Trayned
           men
           ,
           as
           thu●
           If
           in
           a
           Towne
           there
           be
           one
           Train●
           man
           ,
           then
           there
           ,
           should
           be
           two●
           three
           of
           these
           :
           if
           two
           Trayned
           m●
           then
           foure
           ,
           five
           ,
           or
           sixe
           of
           these
           ,
           a●cording
           to
           the
           ability
           and
           popul●rity
           of
           the
           place
           ,
           and
           these
           bee
           cal●led
           Supplies
           ,
           because
           from
           the●
           the
           Trained
           Bands
           are
           supplyed
           a●
           re-enforced
           vpon
           every
           alteratio●
           Change
           ,
           death
           ,
           old-age
           ,
           or
           any
           ●
           ther
           necessary
           avoydance
           ;
           No●
           these
           Supplyes
           are
           bound
           to
           a●pearance
           at
           all
           Musters
           ,
           as
           well
           as
           t●
           
           ●rayned
           Bands
           and
           doe
           so
           ,
           but
           ha●ng
           giuen
           in
           their
           names
           ,
           they
           de●art
           away
           without
           any
           exercise
           or
           ●ilitary
           instruction
           ,
           and
           so
           spend
           ●ut
           the
           rest
           of
           the
           day
           eyther
           in
           the
           ●lehouse
           or
           some
           other
           place
           ●here
           they
           laugh
           at
           those
           which
           ●re
           taking
           paines
           and
           busie
           to
           be
           ●structed
           ;
           So
           that
           when
           they
           ●ome
           to
           be
           called
           into
           the
           band
           ●emselues
           ,
           their
           Ignorance
           is
           so
           ●reat
           ,
           that
           they
           hurt
           both
           them●elues
           and
           others
           .
        
         
           Now
           ,
           if
           it
           would
           please
           his
           Ma●estie
           ,
           or
           those
           to
           whom
           he
           hath
           ●ispensed
           such
           authoritie
           ,
           to
           com●and
           ,
           that
           these
           Supplies
           should
           ●iue
           their
           attendance
           with
           Bowes
           ,
           ●rrowes
           &
           Palizadoes
           ,
           or
           Staues
           ,
           ●ssuming
           the
           likenes
           of
           the
           Paliza●oe
           &
           so
           to
           be
           exercised
           with
           the
           ●rayned
           Bands
           which
           carrie
           Pike
           ●Musquet
           ;
           This
           Benefit
           would
           arise
           
           from
           such
           proceedings
           .
           First
           ,
           a
           Glory
           to
           the
           Band
           by
           augmentation
           of
           their
           numbers
           ,
           an
           expertnes
           in
           the
           Souldier
           ,
           by
           his
           acquaintince
           withall
           manner
           of
           weapons
           ,
           and
           ●
           dexteritie
           of
           Body
           ,
           by
           the
           vse
           and
           knowledge
           of
           euery
           Military
           motion
           ;
           For
           ,
           allow
           the
           Bow
           to
           be
           as
           despised
           a
           thing
           as
           either
           Envie
           or
           Ignorance
           would
           haue
           it
           ,
           yet
           out
           of
           this
           discipline
           the
           Bowman
           shal
           learne
           these
           most
           necessary
           lessons
           :
           First
           ,
           all
           manner
           of
           Marches
           &
           Countermarches
           ,
           Turnings
           &
           returnings
           ;
           Wheelings
           imbattailings
           ,
           doublings
           ,
           and
           deductings
           ,
           distance
           of
           place
           ,
           how
           to
           Charge
           ,
           Retyre
           ,
           and
           how
           to
           giue
           showers
           or
           volleys
           vpon
           all
           occasions
           ,
           the
           posture
           of
           the
           Bow
           and
           Arrow
           ,
           which
           hath
           affinitie
           with
           the
           Musquer
           ,
           and
           the
           postures
           of
           the
           Palizadoe
           ,
           which
           is
           a
           good
           conduct
           to
           the
           
           Pike
           ,
           he
           shall
           learne
           the
           beatings
           of
           the
           Drum
           ,
           all
           words
           of
           Command
           ,
           the
           power
           of
           his
           superior
           Officers
           ,
           and
           indeed
           what
           not
           ,
           that
           belongs
           to
           an
           ordinarie
           Souldier
           ;
           So
           that
           when
           any
           of
           them
           shall
           be
           called
           into
           the
           trayned
           Band
           to
           handle
           other
           weapons
           ,
           they
           will
           be
           found
           so
           skilfull
           and
           expert
           ,
           that
           there
           can
           be
           no
           feare
           either
           of
           Confusion
           or
           disorder
           ,
           and
           where
           his
           Maiesty
           hath
           one
           souldier
           now
           ,
           he
           will
           then
           haue
           two
           or
           a
           greater
           Number
           .
        
         
           Now
           if
           I
           shall
           be
           questioned
           touching
           the
           mixture
           of
           these
           seuerall
           weapons
           ,
           the
           Pike
           ,
           the
           Musquet
           ,
           and
           the
           Bow
           ,
           or
           in
           what
           sort
           they
           may
           be
           imbattayled
           without
           disorder
           or
           hinderance
           of
           one
           weapon
           with
           another
           ;
           I
           answer
           ,
           that
           albe
           there
           are
           a
           world
           of
           more
           worthy
           Souldiers
           which
           can
           better
           
           demonstrate
           these
           things
           then
           my selfe
           ,
           yet
           this
           is
           mine
           Opinion
           ,
           and
           thus
           I
           conceiue
           it
           may
           be
           done
           both
           easily
           and
           profitably
           .
           In
           the
           dayes
           of
           Queen
           Elizabeth
           of
           thrice
           happy
           and
           blessed
           memory
           ,
           when
           the
           vse
           of
           the
           Musquet
           was
           newly
           brought
           from
           beyond
           the
           Seas
           into
           this
           Kingdome
           ,
           and
           the
           vertue
           thereof
           found
           and
           approued
           ;
           yet
           was
           the
           weapon
           so
           scarce
           to
           be
           had
           ,
           workemen
           so
           slow
           ,
           and
           new
           alterations
           so
           vnpleasant
           ,
           that
           the
           State
           was
           compelled
           to
           compound
           their
           Bands
           of
           three
           seuerall
           weapons
           ,
           the
           
             Pike
             ,
             Musquet
          
           ,
           and
           the
           Harquebush
           ,
           or
           Calliuer
           ,
           as
           I
           am
           able
           to
           shew
           by
           sundry
           lists
           ,
           both
           of
           mine
           owne
           and
           others
           .
           But
           after
           the
           expence
           of
           some
           small
           time
           ,
           by
           the
           care
           of
           the
           
             Lords
             Liuetenants
          
           ,
           and
           the
           diligence
           of
           their
           Deputies
           ,
           the
           Bands
           were
           reduced
           into
           that
           estate
           
           wherein
           now
           they
           stand
           ,
           which
           is
           ,
           Pike
           ,
           and
           Musquet
           only
           ,
           and
           the
           Harquebush
           cast
           off
           .
           Now
           instead
           of
           the
           Harquebush
           ,
           and
           as
           the
           Harquebush
           ,
           so
           would
           I
           haue
           the
           Bow
           imployed
           ,
           and
           as
           the
           Musquet
           doth
           wing
           the
           Pike
           ;
           So
           I
           would
           haue
           the
           Bow
           to
           wing
           the
           Musquet
           ,
           obseruing
           to
           keepe
           the
           numbers
           so
           iust
           and
           constant
           ,
           that
           one
           weapon
           might
           not
           intermixe
           with
           another
           ,
           but
           as
           three
           distinct
           and
           seueral
           bodies
           ,
           (
           howeuer
           joyned
           in
           one
           Battalia
           )
           to
           be
           separated
           and
           disposed
           at
           the
           pleasure
           of
           the
           Commander
           ;
           and
           because
           the
           Bow
           is
           a
           more
           ready
           and
           quicker
           Weapon
           of
           discharge
           then
           the
           Musquet
           ,
           the
           Captaine
           may
           by
           doubling
           and
           redoubling
           ,
           eyther
           Ranks
           or
           Fyles
           ,
           make
           his
           showers
           of
           arrowes
           greater
           or
           lesse
           ,
           according
           to
           the
           aduantage
           of
           ground
           ,
           the
           strength
           of
           
           his
           numbers
           ,
           or
           the
           approach
           of
           the
           Enemie
           .
        
         
           Many
           other
           things
           might
           be
           added
           to
           this
           little
           beginning
           ,
           which
           were
           much
           to
           tedious
           to
           handle
           in
           this
           place
           ;
           because
           ,
           I
           onely
           desire
           but
           to
           open
           a
           little
           narrow
           way
           to
           a
           great
           deale
           of
           profit
           for
           the
           kingdome
           ,
           which
           if
           it
           shall
           please
           Authority
           to
           accept
           and
           second
           ,
           both
           my selfe
           and
           many
           others
           ,
           much
           more
           worthy
           then
           my selfe
           ,
           will
           bee
           ready
           with
           our
           vttermost
           endeauours
           to
           make
           good
           this
           proiect
           ;
           Besides
           ,
           the
           now
           almost
           halfe
           lost
           Societies
           of
           Bowyers
           and
           Fletchers
           ,
           will
           get
           a
           little
           warmth
           and
           ,
           both
           praise
           their
           God
           ,
           and
           pray
           for
           theyr
           King
           ,
           from
           whom
           these
           good
           things
           issue
           .
           Not
           that
           the
           Countries
           or
           Souldiers
           shall
           bee
           forc'd
           to
           any
           new
           charge
           or
           cost
           ,
           by
           which
           extraordinary
           gaine
           may
           redound
           
           vnto
           them
           ,
           but
           that
           the
           wholsome
           Lawes
           of
           the
           Kingdome
           (
           which
           bindeth
           euery
           man
           to
           be
           master
           of
           a
           Bow
           and
           Arrowes
           )
           may
           be
           a
           little
           awakened
           .
           And
           so
           I
           returne
           againe
           to
           the
           Art
           of
           Archerie
           ,
           and
           the
           true
           knowledge
           with
           vse
           of
           the
           Bow
           and
           Arrow
           ,
           and
           all
           things
           else
           depending
           vpon
           them
           .
        
      
       
         
           CHAP.
           III.
           Of
           the
           chiefe
           point
           aymed
           at
           in
           Shooting
           ,
           and
           how
           to
           attaine
           vnto
           it
           .
        
         
           THe
           chiefe
           point
           or
           end
           whereunto
           euery
           man
           bendeth
           his
           ayme
           when
           hee
           learneth
           to
           Shoote
           ,
           is
           to
           hit
           the
           marke
           whereat
           he
           shooteth
           ,
           and
           to
           the
           compassing
           thereof
           ,
           there
           is
           required
           two
           things
           ;
           first
           ,
           Shooting
           streight
           then
           keeping
           a
           length
           ,
           and
           
           these
           are
           attained
           vnto
           ,
           by
           knowing
           and
           hauing
           all
           things
           belonging
           to
           Shooting
           ,
           &
           when
           they
           be
           knowne
           and
           had
           ,
           then
           in
           the
           well
           handling
           of
           them
           ;
           and
           of
           these
           ,
           some
           belong
           to
           shooting
           straight
           ,
           some
           to
           keeping
           a
           length
           ,
           and
           some
           to
           both
           ,
           as
           shall
           be
           declared
           seuerally
           at
           large
           hereafter
           .
        
         
           Now
           touching
           the
           things
           belonging
           to
           Shooting
           ,
           you
           shall
           vnderstand
           ,
           that
           all
           things
           are
           outward
           ,
           yet
           some
           be
           outward
           Instruments
           for
           euery
           seuerall
           Archer
           to
           bring
           with
           him
           ,
           proper
           for
           his
           owne
           vse
           ,
           other
           things
           be
           generall
           to
           euery
           man
           ,
           as
           the
           time
           and
           place
           serueth
           .
        
         
           Those
           which
           I
           call
           outward
           Instruments
           ,
           are
           the
           Bracer
           ,
           the
           Shooting-gloue
           ,
           the
           
             String
             ,
             Bow
          
           ,
           and
           Shaft
           .
        
         
           Those
           which
           are
           generall
           to
           all
           men
           ,
           are
           the
           Weather
           ,
           &
           the
           Marke
           ;
           
           yet
           the
           Marke
           ,
           is
           euer
           vnder
           the
           rule
           of
           the
           Weather
           .
        
         
           Now
           the
           well
           handling
           of
           these
           and
           all
           other
           things
           ,
           standeth
           in
           the
           man
           himselfe
           ,
           for
           some
           handlings
           are
           proper
           to
           Instruments
           ,
           some
           to
           the
           Weather
           ,
           some
           to
           the
           Marke
           ,
           and
           some
           rest
           in
           the
           man
           himselfe
           .
        
         
           Touching
           the
           handlings
           which
           are
           proper
           to
           Instruments
           ,
           they
           be
           
             Standing
             ,
             Nocking
             ,
             Drawing
             ,
             Holding
             ,
          
           and
           Loosing
           ,
           from
           whence
           issueth
           all
           faire
           shooting
           ,
           which
           neither
           belongeth
           to
           Winde
           nor
           Weather
           ,
           nor
           yet
           to
           the
           Marke
           ;
           for
           in
           a
           Raine
           and
           at
           no
           marke
           ,
           a
           man
           may
           shoote
           a
           faire
           Shoot
           .
        
         
           As
           concerning
           the
           handlings
           which
           are
           proper
           to
           the
           Weather
           ,
           they
           are
           the
           knowledge
           of
           the
           Wind
           with
           him
           ,
           or
           against
           him
           ,
           a
           Side-wind
           ,
           Full
           side-wind
           ,
           Side-wind
           
           quarter
           with
           him
           ,
           Side-win●
           quarter
           against
           him
           ,
           &c.
           
        
         
           Touching
           the
           handlings
           prope●
           to
           the
           Marke
           ,
           they
           are
           heedfully
           t●
           reguard
           his
           Standing
           ,
           to
           shoote●
           Compasse
           ,
           to
           draw
           euermore
           a●like
           ,
           to
           loose
           euermore
           alike●
           to
           consider
           the
           nature
           of
           the
           Prick●
           in
           Hils
           and
           Dales
           ,
           in
           Strayts●
           Playnes
           ,
           and
           winding
           places
           ,
           and
           al●so
           to
           espy
           his
           marke
           .
        
         
           Lastly
           ,
           for
           the
           things
           remayning●
           with
           the
           man
           himselfe
           ,
           they
           are
           th●
           avoiding
           of
           all
           affections
           and
           passi●ons
           which
           are
           the
           making
           or
           mar●ring
           of
           euery
           good
           Action
           .
           And●
           these
           things
           thus
           spoken
           of
           and●
           breifly
           discussed
           if
           they
           be
           well●
           knowne
           and
           handled
           ,
           doubtlesse●
           they
           shall
           bring
           a
           man
           to
           such
           perfection
           in
           shooting
           that
           fewe
           or
           none
           can
           exceed
           him
           ,
           but
           if
           he●
           misse
           in
           any
           one
           of
           them
           he
           can
           ne●er
           
           hit
           the
           marke
           ,
           and
           the
           more
           he
           ●isseth
           ,
           the
           further
           off
           he
           is
           in
           ●hooting
           nigh
           the
           Marke
           .
           But
           as
           ●n
           all
           other
           matters
           ,
           so
           in
           this
           ,
           the
           ●irst
           Step
           or
           Stayre
           to
           be
           good
           ,
           is
           ●o
           know
           a
           mans
           fault
           and
           then
           to
           ●mend
           it
           ,
           for
           to
           mantaine
           it
           is
           dou●le
           to
           doe
           it
           .
        
         
           Thus
           I
           haue
           packed
           together
           in
           ●
           generall
           manner
           a
           small
           or
           short
           Analasis
           of
           the
           Art
           of
           Archerie
           ;
           I
           will
           now
           vnloosen
           them
           againe
           ,
           ●nd
           taking
           as
           it
           were
           euery
           piece
           ●nto
           my
           hand
           againe
           ,
           discourse
           of
           ●hem
           particularly
           and
           at
           large
           ,
           beginning
           with
           the
           Instruments
           .
           And
           first
           of
           the
           Bracer
           .
        
      
       
         
         
           CHAP.
           IV.
           Of
           the
           Bracer
           and
           the
           vse
           .
        
         
           THe
           Bracer
           giueth
           the
           least
           scope
           to
           my
           discourse
           ,
           because
           it
           is
           an
           Instrument
           of
           no
           potent
           validitie
           ,
           yet
           such
           an
           one
           as
           may
           not
           be
           omitted
           ;
           therefore
           you
           shall
           vnderstand
           ,
           that
           the
           Bracer
           serueth
           for
           two
           purposes
           ,
           the
           one
           to
           saue
           the
           arme
           from
           the
           stripe
           of
           the
           String
           ,
           and
           his
           doublet
           from
           wearing
           ;
           and
           the
           other
           ,
           that
           the
           String
           glyding
           sharply
           and
           quickly
           of
           the
           Bracer
           may
           make
           the
           sharper
           shoote
           ,
           for
           if
           the
           string
           should
           light
           vpon
           the
           bare
           sleeue
           ,
           the
           strength
           of
           the
           shoote
           would
           stop
           and
           dye
           there
           ;
           yet
           it
           is
           the
           best
           in
           my
           Indgement
           ,
           to
           giue
           the
           
           Bow
           so
           much
           Bent
           ,
           that
           the
           string
           ●eed
           neuer
           come
           neare
           or
           touch
           ●he
           mans
           Arme
           ,
           and
           so
           should
           a
           man
           need
           no
           Bracer
           ,
           as
           I
           know
           ma●y
           good
           Archers
           which
           seldome
           or
           neuer
           vse
           them
           ,
           but
           it
           is
           not
           a
           Rule
           for
           generall
           Imitation
           ;
           because
           euery
           mans
           apparell
           is
           not
           of
           one
           fashion
           ,
           nor
           euery
           one
           that
           fulnesse
           of
           Iudgement
           ,
           that
           those
           which
           are
           continually
           and
           dayly
           exercised
           in
           the
           same
           haue
           .
        
         
           In
           a
           Bracer
           ,
           a
           man
           must
           take
           heed
           of
           three
           things
           ;
           First
           ,
           that
           it
           haue
           no
           Nayles
           in
           it
           ,
           then
           that
           it
           haue
           no
           Buckles
           ;
           and
           lastly
           ,
           that
           the
           laces
           wherewith
           it
           is
           fastned
           be
           without
           Tags
           or
           Aglets
           ;
           For
           the
           Nayles
           will
           sheare
           the
           string
           in
           sunder
           before
           a
           man
           be
           aware
           ,
           and
           so
           put
           his
           Bow
           into
           hazard
           ,
           and
           the
           Buckles
           ,
           Tags
           or
           Aglets
           ,
           will
           (
           when
           a
           man
           least
           suspects
           it
           )
           raze
           and
           scratch
           
           his
           Bow
           ,
           a
           thing
           both
           vncomely
           to
           behold
           ,
           and
           dangerous
           for
           the
           weapon
           .
        
         
           These
           Bracers
           are
           made
           for
           the
           most
           part
           of
           Spanish-leather
           ,
           the
           smooth-side
           outward
           ,
           and
           they
           be
           the
           best
           ,
           sometimes
           of
           Spanish-leather
           and
           the
           flesh
           side
           outward
           ,
           and
           they
           are
           both
           good
           and
           tollerable
           ,
           and
           others
           are
           made
           of
           hard
           ,
           stiffe
           but
           smooth
           Bend-leather
           ,
           and
           they
           be
           the
           worst
           and
           most
           dangerous
           ,
           And
           thus
           much
           is
           spoken
           of
           the
           Bracer
           .
        
      
       
         
           CAHP.
           V.
           Of
           the
           Shooting-glove
           and
           the
           vse
           thereof
           .
        
         
           A
           Shooting-gloue
           is
           a
           necessary
           armour
           or
           defence
           for
           the
           hand
           ,
           to
           preserue
           it
           from
           hurting
           or
           galling
           ,
           so
           that
           a
           
           man
           may
           be
           able
           in
           his
           fingers
           to
           beare
           the
           sharpnesse
           of
           the
           String
           to
           the
           vttermost
           of
           his
           strength
           ,
           for
           when
           a
           man
           shooteth
           ,
           the
           violence
           and
           might
           of
           his
           Shoot
           lyeth
           in
           the
           foremost
           finger
           ,
           and
           the
           Ring-finger
           ;
           for
           the
           middle
           finger
           (
           which
           is
           the
           longest
           )
           like
           a
           Coward
           starts
           backe
           and
           beareth
           no
           weight
           of
           the
           String
           ,
           in
           a
           manner
           at
           all
           ;
           therefore
           ,
           the
           two
           other
           fingers
           must
           haue
           thicker
           leather
           ,
           and
           that
           must
           haue
           the
           thickest
           of
           all
           ,
           whereon
           a
           man
           looseth
           most
           ,
           and
           for
           sure
           loosing
           ,
           the
           foremost
           finger
           is
           most
           apt
           ,
           because
           it
           holdeth
           best
           ,
           and
           for
           that
           purpose
           ,
           Nature
           hath
           yoaked
           it
           with
           the
           Thumbe
           .
           Leather
           ,
           if
           it
           be
           next
           a
           mans
           skin
           will
           sweate
           ,
           wax
           hard
           and
           chafe
           ;
           therefore
           ,
           Scarlet
           for
           the
           softnesse
           ,
           thicknesse
           and
           wholesomnesse
           ,
           is
           best
           to
           line
           the
           Gloue
           withall
           ;
           but
           ,
           if
           you
           finde
           
           that
           it
           helpeth
           not
           ,
           but
           still
           the
           finger
           hurteth
           ,
           it
           is
           good
           then
           to
           take
           a
           Searecloth
           made
           of
           fine
           Virgin
           waxe
           and
           Deere
           Suet
           ,
           and
           putting
           it
           next
           your
           hand
           draw
           on
           your
           Gloue
           ;
           If
           yet
           you
           feele
           your
           finger
           pinched
           ,
           then
           for
           beare
           Shooting
           ,
           both
           because
           it
           is
           not
           possible
           for
           you
           to
           shoote
           well
           ,
           as
           also
           ,
           the
           continuall
           hurting
           of
           your
           Fingers
           by
           slow
           degrees
           ,
           will
           make
           the
           time
           long
           ere
           you
           can
           be
           able
           to
           shoote
           againe
           .
        
         
           A
           new
           Gloue
           pluckes
           many
           Shoots
           ,
           because
           the
           String
           goeth
           not
           freely
           off
           ,
           &
           therfore
           the
           fingers
           of
           the
           Gloue
           must
           be
           cut
           short
           ,
           and
           trimmed
           with
           some
           sweete
           oyntment
           ,
           that
           the
           String
           may
           glide
           smoothly
           away
           .
        
         
           There
           be
           some
           ,
           that
           with
           holding
           the
           nocke
           of
           their
           Shaft
           too
           hard
           ,
           rub
           the
           skin
           off
           their
           fingers
           ,
           
           which
           is
           an
           errour
           ,
           yet
           there
           is
           for
           ●t
           two
           remedies
           ,
           one
           to
           haue
           Goose-quils
           spinetted
           and
           sewed
           against
           the
           Nocking
           ,
           betwixt
           the
           lyning
           of
           the
           Gloue
           and
           the
           Leather
           ,
           which
           both
           openeth
           the
           fingers
           and
           helps
           the
           Shoote
           .
           The
           other
           ,
           is
           to
           haue
           a
           rowle
           of
           leather
           sewed
           betwixt
           his
           fingers
           at
           the
           setting
           on
           of
           the
           finger-stals
           ,
           which
           will
           so
           keepe
           his
           fingers
           asunder
           ,
           that
           by
           no
           meanes
           he
           shall
           hold
           the
           nocke
           so
           hard
           ,
           as
           before
           he
           did
           .
        
         
           This
           Shooting-gloue
           ,
           should
           also
           haue
           a
           purse
           on
           the
           backe
           of
           the
           hand
           ,
           wherein
           the
           Archer
           shall
           euer
           carrie
           a
           fine
           linnen
           cloth
           and
           waxe
           ,
           two
           necessary
           things
           ,
           for
           any
           man
           that
           vseth
           shooting
           ;
           Some
           men
           vse
           Gloues
           or
           the
           like
           on
           the
           Bow
           hand
           ,
           for
           feare
           of
           chafing
           ;
           because
           they
           hold
           so
           hard
           .
           But
           that
           errour
           happeneth
           (
           for
           the
           most
           part
           )
           
           when
           a
           Bow
           is
           not
           round
           ,
           but
           ●
           little
           square
           ,
           therefore
           fine
           tempered
           waxe
           shall
           doe
           well
           in
           such
           a
           case
           ,
           to
           lay
           where
           a
           man
           holdeth
           his
           Bow
           ;
           yet
           I
           doe
           not
           condemne
           the
           wearing
           of
           a
           fine
           thin
           cut
           fingard-gloue
           on
           the
           Bow
           hand
           .
           And
           thus
           much
           concerning
           the
           Shooting-gloue
           ;
           which
           albe
           ,
           they
           are
           but
           trifles
           in
           a
           generall
           opinion
           ,
           yet
           to
           the
           young
           vnexperienced
           Scholler
           they
           are
           things
           of
           moment
           ,
           and
           as
           well
           worthy
           his
           knowledge
           as
           those
           of
           greater
           value
           .
        
      
       
         
         
           CHAP.
           VI
           Of
           the
           String
           and
           the
           vse
           .
        
         
           THe
           Bow-String
           though
           it
           be
           but
           a
           little
           thing
           to
           the
           eye
           ,
           and
           but
           a
           small
           twine
           in
           the
           hand
           ,
           yet
           it
           is
           a
           thing
           of
           high
           esteeme
           and
           worthy
           of
           a
           mans
           best
           circumspection
           ,
           onely
           the
           infelicitie
           is
           ,
           that
           in
           this
           Instrument
           a
           man
           is
           forc'd
           to
           put
           all
           his
           confidence
           in
           the
           honesty
           of
           the
           String-maker
           ,
           and
           surely
           ,
           the
           String-maker
           ought
           more
           diligently
           to
           be
           looked
           vnto
           by
           appoynted
           officers
           ,
           then
           eyther
           Bowyer
           or
           Fletcher
           ;
           because
           they
           may
           deceiue
           a
           simple
           man
           with
           more
           ease
           .
           An
           euill
           String
           breaketh
           many
           a
           good
           Bow
           ,
           yea
           no
           other
           thing
           halfe
           so
           many
           ;
           In
           warre
           
           if
           a
           string
           breake
           ,
           the
           man
           is
           lost
           and
           is
           no
           man
           ,
           for
           his
           weapon
           is
           gone
           ;
           and
           though
           he
           haue
           two
           strings
           put
           on
           at
           once
           ,
           yet
           he
           shall
           haue
           small
           leasure
           and
           lesse
           roome
           to
           bend
           his
           bow
           ;
           and
           therefore
           ,
           God
           send
           honest
           String-makers
           both
           for
           Peace
           and
           Warre
           .
        
         
           Touching
           what
           a
           String
           ought
           to
           be
           made
           on
           ,
           as
           whether
           of
           good
           hempe
           (
           according
           to
           our
           now
           moderne
           practise
           )
           or
           of
           fine
           Flaxe
           or
           Silke
           ,
           I
           leaue
           it
           to
           the
           decyssion
           of
           the
           String-maker
           ,
           of
           whom
           we
           must
           buy
           them
           who
           are
           most
           conuersant
           with
           the
           vertues
           of
           euery
           seuerall
           substance
           .
        
         
           Eustathius
           vpon
           this
           verse
           in
           Homer
           —
           
             Twang
             quoth
             the
             Bow
             ,
             and
             twang
             quoth
             the
             String
             ,
             out
             quickly
             the
             Shaft
             flew
             —
          
           
           doth
           tell
           ,
           that
           in
           old
           time
           ,
           they
           made
           theyr
           Bow-strings
           of
           Bullockes
           Tharmes
           ,
           or
           Guts
           ,
           which
           they
           twyned
           together
           as
           they
           doe
           Ropes
           ,
           or
           as
           they
           doe
           great
           Harp-strings
           ,
           or
           other
           like
           strings
           for
           great
           Instruments
           ,
           which
           occasioned
           them
           to
           giue
           a
           great
           twang
           .
        
         
           Bow-strings
           also
           haue
           beene
           made
           of
           the
           haire
           of
           an
           Horsetaile
           ,
           and
           were
           called
           by
           reason
           of
           the
           substance
           wher
           of
           they
           were
           made
           ,
           Hippias
           ,
           as
           appeareth
           in
           many
           good
           Authors
           ;
           Great
           Strings
           and
           little
           Strings
           be
           for
           diuers
           purposes
           ,
           the
           great
           string
           is
           more
           sure
           for
           the
           Bow
           ,
           more
           stable
           to
           pricke
           withall
           ,
           but
           flower
           for
           the
           cast
           ;
           the
           little
           string
           is
           cleane
           contrary
           ,
           not
           so
           sure
           ,
           &
           therfore
           to
           be
           taken
           heed
           of
           ,
           least
           with
           long
           tarying
           on
           it
           break
           your
           Bow
           ,
           beeing
           more
           fit
           to
           shoot
           farre
           ,
           then
           apt
           to
           prick
           neare
           ;
           
           therfore
           when
           you
           know
           the
           nature
           of
           both
           big
           and
           little
           ,
           you
           may
           fit
           your
           Bow
           according
           to
           your
           occasions
           .
        
         
           In
           the
           stringing
           of
           your
           Bow
           ,
           though
           this
           theame
           belong
           rather
           to
           the
           handling
           then
           to
           the
           thing
           it selfe
           ;
           yet
           because
           the
           thing
           and
           the
           handling
           of
           the
           thing
           ,
           be
           so
           joyned
           together
           ;
           I
           must
           needs
           sometimes
           couple
           the
           one
           with
           the
           other
           ;
        
         
           First
           therefore
           ,
           in
           the
           Stringing
           of
           your
           Bow
           ,
           
           you
           must
           marke
           the
           fit
           length
           of
           your
           Bow
           ;
           for
           if
           the
           string
           be
           too
           short
           ,
           the
           bending
           will
           giue
           ,
           and
           at
           the
           last
           slippe
           ,
           and
           so
           put
           the
           Bow
           in
           hazard
           ;
           if
           it
           be
           too
           long
           ,
           the
           bending
           must
           needes
           be
           in
           the
           small
           of
           the
           String
           ,
           which
           being
           twyned
           hard
           ,
           must
           needs
           knap
           in
           sunder
           ,
           which
           is
           the
           vtter
           destruction
           of
           many
           a
           good
           Bow
           ,
           
           moreouer
           ,
           you
           must
           look
           that
           your
           Bow
           be
           well
           Nocked
           ,
           for
           feare
           the
           ●harpnesse
           of
           the
           Horne
           sheare
           in
           ●under
           the
           String
           ,
           which
           chanceth
           often
           ,
           when
           in
           bending
           ,
           the
           string
           hath
           but
           one
           wap
           to
           strengthen
           it
           withall
           ;
           you
           must
           looke
           also
           ,
           that
           your
           string
           bee
           streight
           and
           euen
           put
           on
           ;
           otherwise
           ,
           one
           end
           will
           writhe
           contrary
           to
           the
           other
           ,
           and
           so
           in
           danger
           the
           Bow.
           When
           the
           string
           beginneth
           neuer
           so
           little
           to
           weare
           ,
           trust
           it
           not
           ,
           but
           away
           with
           it
           ,
           for
           it
           is
           an
           euill
           saued
           peny
           that
           looseth
           a
           man
           a
           Crowne
           .
        
         
           Thus
           you
           see
           ,
           how
           many
           jeopardies
           hang
           ouer
           the
           poore
           Bow
           ,
           by
           reason
           onely
           of
           the
           String
           ,
           as
           when
           it
           is
           eyther
           too
           short
           ,
           or
           too
           long
           ,
           when
           the
           Nocke
           is
           naught
           ,
           when
           the
           string
           hath
           but
           one
           wap
           ,
           or
           when
           it
           tarrieth
           too
           long
           on
           the
           Bow
           ;
           yet
           these
           ,
           are
           not
           all
           the
           
           reasons
           for
           the
           breaking
           of
           the
           Bow
           ,
           for
           it
           is
           broken
           diuers
           other
           wayes
           ,
           and
           by
           diuers
           other
           meanes
           ,
           as
           shall
           be
           declared
           .
        
         
           In
           stringing
           your
           Bow
           ,
           you
           must
           haue
           respect
           to
           much
           Bend
           and
           little
           bend
           ,
           for
           they
           be
           cleane
           contrary
           one
           to
           the
           other
           .
           The
           little
           Bend
           hath
           but
           one
           commodity
           ,
           which
           is
           in
           shooting
           faster
           and
           farther
           ,
           the
           reason
           being
           ,
           because
           the
           String
           hath
           so
           farre
           a
           passage
           ere
           it
           part
           with
           the
           Shaft
           .
           The
           great
           Bend
           hath
           many
           commodities
           ,
           for
           it
           maketh
           easier
           shooting
           ,
           the
           Bow
           being
           halfe
           drawne
           before
           ;
           It
           needeth
           no
           Bracer
           ,
           for
           the
           string
           stoppeth
           before
           it
           come
           to
           the
           Arme
           ,
           it
           will
           not
           so
           soone
           hit
           a
           mans
           Sleeue
           ,
           or
           other
           parts
           of
           his
           Garments
           ,
           it
           hurteth
           not
           the
           Feathers
           of
           the
           shaft
           as
           the
           low
           Bend
           doth
           ,
           it
           also
           suffereth
           a
           man
           the
           better
           to
           
           espie
           his
           Mark●
           ;
           Therefore
           let
           your
           Bow
           haue
           a
           reasonable
           good
           Bend
           ,
           as
           about
           a
           Shaftment
           and
           more
           at
           the
           least
           ,
           for
           the
           reasons
           before
           rehearsed
           .
        
         
           Lastly
           ,
           it
           is
           not
           amisse
           ,
           if
           in
           the
           mid-part
           of
           the
           String
           ,
           just
           where
           you
           Nocke
           your
           Arrow
           ,
           you
           warpe
           it
           about
           for
           the
           space
           of
           foure
           fingers
           ,
           with
           fine
           Silke
           well
           waxed
           ,
           for
           it
           will
           both
           be
           a
           good
           defence
           for
           the
           String
           to
           keepe
           it
           from
           wearing
           ,
           and
           also
           fill
           the
           Nocke
           of
           the
           Arrow
           the
           better
           ,
           and
           make
           it
           flye
           with
           more
           certainty
           .
           And
           thus
           much
           of
           the
           Bow-string
           .
        
      
       
         
         
           CHAP.
           VII
           .
           Of
           the
           Bow
           ,
           the
           Diuersities
           and
           the
           Vses
           :
           what
           Wood
           is
           best
           ,
           the
           Choyce
           ,
           the
           Trimming
           ,
           to
           keepe
           it
           in
           Goodnesse
           ,
           and
           how
           to
           Care
           it
           from
           all
           mischieues
           .
        
         
           TOuching
           the
           Bow
           ,
           which
           is
           the
           chiefest
           Instrument
           in
           all
           this
           Art
           ,
           diuers
           Countries
           at
           diuers
           times
           ,
           haue
           vsed
           diuers
           Bowes
           and
           of
           divers
           fashions
           .
           Horne-bowes
           are
           vsed
           in
           some
           places
           at
           this
           day
           ,
           and
           were
           much
           vsed
           in
           the
           dayes
           of
           Homer
           ;
           for
           Pandarus
           ,
           who
           was
           one
           of
           the
           best
           Shooters
           amongst
           the
           Troians
           ,
           had
           his
           Bow
           made
           of
           two
           Goates-hornes
           joyned
           together
           ,
           the
           length
           whereof
           ,
           saith
           Homer
           ,
           
           was
           ,
           Sixteen
           hand-bredth
           ,
           not
           much
           differing
           from
           
           the
           length
           of
           our
           Bowes
           .
           The
           Scriptures
           make
           mention
           of
           Brasse-bowes
           ,
           
           Iron-bowes
           ,
           &
           Steele-bowes
           ,
           all
           which
           were
           vsed
           of
           long
           time
           ,
           and
           are
           yet
           at
           this
           day
           among
           the
           Turks
           ;
           but
           yet
           they
           must
           needs
           be
           vnprofitable
           ;
           for
           it
           Brasse
           ,
           Iron
           ,
           or
           Steele
           ,
           haue
           their
           owne
           strength
           and
           vigor
           in
           them
           ,
           they
           are
           far
           aboue
           a
           mans
           strength
           ;
           If
           they
           be
           made
           meet
           for
           mans
           strength
           ,
           their
           vigor
           is
           allay'd
           and
           their
           Strength
           nothing
           worth
           ,
           to
           shoot
           any
           strong
           shoot
           withall
           .
        
         
           The
           Ethiopians
           ,
           made
           their
           Bowes
           of
           the
           Palme-tree
           ,
           
           .
           w
           ch
           seemed
           to
           be
           very
           strong
           ,
           (
           but
           with
           vs
           out
           of
           experience
           )
           being
           4.
           
           Cubits
           in
           length
           .
           The
           Indians
           ,
           haue
           their
           Bowes
           made
           of
           Reed
           ,
           
           w
           ch
           are
           wondrous
           strong
           ;
           &
           it
           is
           no
           maruel
           ,
           they
           framed
           their
           Bow
           &
           shafts
           therof
           ;
           for
           (
           as
           Herodotus
           reports
           )
           euery
           Reed
           was
           so
           big
           ,
           that
           a
           man
           might
           make
           a
           Fisher
           boat
           thereof
           ;
           
           These
           Bowes
           ,
           sayth
           Apian
           ,
           in
           Alexanders
           life
           ,
           gaue
           so
           great
           a
           
           stroake
           that
           no
           Armour
           or
           Shield
           ,
           though
           it
           were
           neuer
           so
           strong
           was
           able
           to
           withstand
           it
           ,
           the
           length
           of
           such
           a
           Bow
           was
           euen
           with
           the
           length
           of
           him
           that
           vsed
           it
           .
        
         
           The
           Licians
           vsed
           Bowes
           made
           of
           a
           certaine
           Tree
           called
           in
           Latine
           Cornus
           ,
           touching
           the
           name
           in
           English
           ,
           I
           can
           sooner
           prooue
           that
           other
           men
           call
           it
           false
           ,
           then
           I
           can
           tell
           the
           right
           name
           my selfe
           ;
           This
           wood
           is
           as
           hard
           as
           a
           Horne
           and
           very
           fit
           for
           Shafts
           ,
           as
           shal
           be
           declared
           hereafter
           .
        
         
           Ovid
           sheweth
           ,
           that
           Syrinx
           a
           Nymph
           and
           one
           of
           the
           handmaids
           of
           Diana
           ,
           had
           a
           Bow
           of
           this
           wood
           ,
           whereby
           the
           Poet
           meaneth
           ,
           that
           it
           was
           the
           most
           excellentest
           for
           this
           purpose
           ;
           As
           for
           
             Brazill
             ,
             Elme
             ,
             Wishe
          
           and
           Ashe
           ,
           experience
           doth
           prove
           them
           to
           be
           but
           in
           the
           meane
           degree
           ,
           and
           so
           to
           conclude
           of
           all
           
           woods
           whatsoeuer
           ,
           the
           Ewghe
           is
           that
           whereof
           perfect
           Shooting
           would
           haue
           a
           Bow
           made
           ;
           This
           wood
           as
           it
           hath
           long
           beene
           and
           is
           now
           general
           and
           common
           amongst
           vs
           ,
           so
           was
           it
           in
           former
           times
           acquired
           and
           had
           in
           most
           price
           ,
           especially
           amongst
           the
           Romans
           ,
           as
           doth
           appeare
           in
           this
           halfe
           verse
           of
           Virgil
           :
           
             
               Taxit
               or
               quentur
               in
               Arcus
               —
            
             
               Ewghe
               fit
               for
               Bow
               to
               be
               made
               on
               —
            
          
        
         
           Now
           this
           Bow
           of
           Ewghe
           ,
           ought
           to
           be
           made
           for
           perfect
           shooting
           at
           at
           the
           pricke
           ,
           which
           Marke
           ,
           because
           it
           is
           certaine
           and
           most
           certaine
           I
           will
           draw
           &
           ground
           all
           my
           Rules
           from
           that
           head
           onely
           ,
           and
           the
           rather
           ,
           because
           whosoeuer
           is
           excellent
           at
           it
           ,
           cannot
           be
           ignorant
           at
           any
           other
           Marke
           .
        
         
           A
           good
           Bow
           is
           knowne
           as
           good
           
           counsaile
           is
           knowne
           ,
           by
           the
           end
           ,
           and
           profit
           we
           receiue
           by
           it
           ;
           yet
           both
           the
           Bow
           and
           good
           counsaile
           ,
           may
           be
           made
           better
           or
           worse
           ,
           by
           the
           well
           or
           ill
           handling
           of
           them
           as
           experience
           teacheth
           vs
           ;
           And
           as
           a
           man
           ,
           both
           must
           and
           will
           take
           counsaile
           of
           a
           wise
           and
           honest
           man
           ,
           though
           he
           see
           not
           the
           end
           of
           it
           ;
           So
           must
           an
           Archer
           of
           necessity
           ,
           trust
           an
           honest
           &
           good
           Bowyer
           for
           a
           Bow
           ,
           before
           he
           know
           the
           proofe
           of
           it
           .
           And
           as
           a
           wise
           ,
           man
           will
           store
           vp
           counsaile
           before
           hand
           ,
           to
           preuent
           future
           euils
           ;
           so
           a
           good
           Archer
           ,
           should
           euer
           haue
           three
           or
           foure
           Bowes
           before
           hand
           ,
           least
           sodaine
           want
           might
           vndoe
           his
           pleasure
           .
        
         
           Now
           ,
           that
           you
           may
           escape
           general
           mistaking
           in
           the
           election
           of
           your
           Bow
           ,
           I
           will
           giue
           you
           some
           Rules
           and
           Notions
           ,
           which
           if
           you
           forget
           not
           ,
           shall
           preuent
           many
           mistakings
           .
        
         
         
           If
           you
           come
           into
           a
           Shop
           and
           finde
           a
           Bow
           that
           is
           small
           ,
           long
           ,
           heavie
           ,
           and
           strong
           ,
           lying
           streight
           ,
           not
           winding
           ,
           not
           marr'd
           with
           Windshake
           ,
           Knot-gall
           ,
           Wenne
           ,
           Fret
           or
           pinch
           ,
           then
           buy
           the
           Bow
           from
           my
           warrant
           ,
           the
           best
           colour
           of
           a
           Bow
           that
           I
           finde
           ,
           is
           when
           the
           Backe
           and
           the
           belly
           in
           working
           be
           much
           what
           after
           one
           manner
           ,
           for
           such
           oftentimes
           in
           wearing
           ,
           proue
           like
           Virgin
           waxe
           or
           Gold
           ,
           hauing
           a
           fine
           &
           long
           graine
           from
           one
           end
           of
           the
           Bow
           to
           the
           other
           ,
           for
           a
           short
           graine
           though
           it
           proue
           well
           sometimes
           ,
           yet
           they
           are
           for
           the
           most
           part
           very
           brittle
           .
        
         
           Touching
           the
           making
           of
           the
           Bow
           I
           will
           not
           greatly
           meddle
           ,
           least
           I
           should
           be
           found
           to
           intrude
           vpon
           another
           mans
           Occupation
           in
           which
           I
           haue
           no
           skill
           ,
           and
           so
           like
           the
           Cobler
           goe
           beyond
           my
           Latchet
           ;
           Onely
           I
           would
           desire
           all
           Bowyers
           to
           feason
           
           theyr
           Staues
           well
           ,
           to
           worke
           and
           sinke
           them
           well
           ,
           to
           giue
           them
           heats
           conuenient
           ,
           and
           Tyllering
           plenty
           ;
           For
           thereby
           ,
           they
           shall
           both
           get
           themselues
           a
           good
           name
           ,
           (
           and
           a
           good
           name
           increaseth
           profit
           )
           and
           also
           bring
           a
           singular
           commoditie
           to
           the
           whole
           Kingdome
           ;
           If
           any
           man
           offend
           in
           this
           poynt
           ,
           I
           am
           perswaded
           they
           are
           onely
           those
           young
           Iourneymen
           ,
           which
           labor
           more
           to
           make
           many
           Bowes
           speedily
           for
           gaine
           sake
           ,
           then
           diligently
           to
           make
           good
           Bowes
           for
           theryr
           credit
           sake
           ,
           cleane
           forgetting
           this
           Prouerbe
           ,
           
             Soone
             enough
             ,
             if
             well
             enough
             .
             —
          
           wherewith
           euery
           honest
           Tradsman
           should
           ,
           as
           with
           a
           Rule
           ,
           measure
           his
           worke
           ,
           hee
           that
           is
           a
           Iourney
           man
           &
           rideth
           vpō
           another
           mans
           horse
           ,
           if
           he
           ride
           an
           honest
           pace
           ,
           no
           man
           
           will
           disallow
           him
           ;
           But
           ,
           if
           hee
           ride
           post
           or
           beyond
           discretion
           ,
           both
           he
           that
           oweth
           the
           Horse
           ,
           and
           he
           that
           after
           shall
           buy
           the
           Horse
           may
           peraduenture
           haue
           cause
           to
           curse
           him
           ;
           neither
           is
           this
           fault
           confined
           to
           any
           one
           place
           ,
           but
           I
           feare
           too
           generally
           dispeirst
           in
           diuers
           parts
           of
           the
           Kingdome
           ,
           to
           the
           great
           hure
           of
           that
           poore
           remnant
           of
           Archers
           which
           yet
           flourish
           ,
           and
           to
           the
           great
           hinderance
           of
           the
           Kings
           seruice
           ,
           if
           euer
           the
           vertue
           of
           that
           Weapon
           shall
           be
           reuiued
           ;
           For
           belieue
           it
           as
           a
           maxime
           ,
           that
           the
           Bow
           can
           neuer
           be
           made
           of
           too
           good
           wood
           ,
           nor
           yet
           too
           well
           seasoned
           or
           truly
           made
           with
           heatings
           and
           tyllerings
           ,
           neither
           the
           Shaft
           of
           too
           good
           wood
           ,
           or
           too
           thorowly
           wrought
           ,
           with
           the
           best
           Pinion
           feathers
           that
           can
           be
           gotten
           ;
           especially
           ,
           when
           a
           man
           therwith
           is
           to
           serue
           his
           Prince
           ,
           
           defend
           his
           Country
           ,
           and
           saue
           himselfe
           from
           his
           Enemie
           .
        
         
           But
           to
           returne
           againe
           to
           the
           true
           knowledge
           of
           a
           well
           Shooting
           Bow
           ,
           you
           are
           to
           vnderstand
           ,
           that
           eeuery
           Bow
           is
           made
           ,
           either
           of
           a
           Bough
           ,
           a
           Plant
           ,
           or
           of
           the
           Boole
           of
           the
           tree
           .
           The
           Bough
           ,
           commonly
           is
           very
           knottie
           and
           full
           of
           pinnes
           ,
           weake
           ,
           of
           small
           pithe
           ,
           will
           soone
           follow
           the
           string
           ,
           and
           seldome
           weareth
           to
           any
           faire
           colour
           ;
           yet
           for
           Boyes
           and
           young
           beginners
           ,
           it
           may
           serue
           well
           enough
           .
           The
           Plant
           ,
           doth
           many
           times
           proue
           exceeding
           well
           ,
           especially
           ,
           if
           it
           be
           of
           a
           good
           and
           cleane
           growth
           ,
           and
           for
           the
           pith
           of
           it
           ,
           is
           quicke
           enough
           of
           cast
           ,
           it
           will
           ply
           and
           bowe
           ,
           farre
           before
           it
           breake
           ,
           as
           all
           other
           young
           things
           doe
           .
           The
           Boole
           of
           the
           Tree
           is
           cleanest
           without
           Knots
           or
           Pins
           ,
           hauing
           a
           fast
           and
           hard
           wood
           ,
           by
           
           reason
           of
           his
           full
           growth
           ,
           strong
           and
           mighty
           of
           cast
           ,
           and
           is
           the
           best
           of
           all
           other
           for
           the
           Bow
           ,
           if
           the
           Staues
           be
           euen
           clouen
           ,
           and
           afterward
           well
           wrought
           ,
           not
           ouerthwart
           the
           wood
           ,
           but
           as
           the
           graine
           and
           streight
           growing
           of
           the
           wood
           leadeth
           a
           man
           ;
           or
           otherwise
           ,
           by
           all
           reason
           it
           must
           soone
           breake
           ,
           and
           that
           in
           many
           Shiuers
           .
           These
           things
           are
           to
           be
           considered
           in
           the
           rough
           wood
           ,
           and
           when
           the
           Bowstaues
           be
           ouer-wrought
           and
           fashioned
           ;
           For
           ,
           in
           dressing
           and
           picking
           it
           vp
           for
           a
           Bow
           ,
           it
           is
           then
           too
           late
           to
           looke
           for
           it
           .
           But
           yet
           in
           these
           poynts
           (
           as
           I
           said
           before
           )
           you
           must
           when
           all
           is
           done
           ,
           relye
           vpon
           the
           goodnesse
           of
           an
           honest
           Bowyer
           to
           put
           a
           good
           Bow
           into
           your
           hand
           ;
           yet
           not
           forgetting
           your selfe
           ,
           those
           Characters
           which
           I
           haue
           already
           shewed
           you
           ;
           neither
           must
           you
           sticke
           ,
           for
           a
           Groat
           or
           a
           
           Shilling
           more
           then
           another
           man
           would
           giue
           ,
           if
           it
           be
           a
           good
           Bow
           ;
           For
           a
           good
           Bow
           twice
           payd
           for
           ,
           is
           better
           thē
           an
           ill
           Bow
           once
           broken
           .
           Thus
           a
           shooter
           must
           begin
           ,
           not
           at
           the
           making
           of
           his
           Bow
           like
           a
           Bowyer
           ,
           but
           a
           the
           buying
           of
           his
           Bow
           like
           an
           Archer
           ,
           and
           when
           his
           Bow
           is
           bought
           and
           brought
           home
           ,
           before
           he
           trust
           too
           much
           vpon
           it
           ,
           let
           him
           try
           and
           trimme
           it
           ,
           after
           this
           manner
           .
        
         
           First
           ,
           take
           your
           Bow
           into
           the
           Field
           ,
           shoote
           in
           it
           ,
           sinke
           it
           with
           dead
           heauy
           Shafts
           ,
           looke
           where
           it
           commeth
           most
           and
           prouide
           for
           that
           place
           betimes
           ,
           before
           it
           pinch
           and
           so
           fret
           ,
           then
           when
           you
           haue
           thus
           shot
           in
           it
           ,
           &
           perceiues
           there
           is
           good
           shooting
           wood
           in
           it
           ,
           carry
           it
           then
           againe
           to
           a
           cunning
           workman
           that
           is
           trusty
           ,
           &
           let
           him
           cut
           it
           shorter
           ,
           and
           pick
           it
           &
           dresse
           it
           fitter
           then
           
           before
           ,
           let
           him
           make
           it
           come
           round
           compasse
           euery
           where
           and
           whipping
           at
           the
           ends
           ,
           but
           with
           great
           discretion
           ,
           least
           it
           whip
           in
           sunder
           ,
           or
           else
           fret
           before
           you
           bee
           aware
           ,
           let
           him
           also
           lay
           it
           streight
           if
           it
           happen
           to
           cast
           ,
           or
           otherwise
           need
           require
           ;
           and
           if
           the
           Bow
           be
           flat
           made
           gather
           it
           vp
           round
           ,
           and
           so
           shall
           it
           both
           shoote
           faster
           for
           farre
           Shooting
           ,
           and
           also
           bee
           surer
           for
           neare
           Pricking
           .
        
         
           Now
           albe
           ,
           some
           lesse
           curious
           and
           more
           thrifty
           ,
           may
           account
           this
           second
           trimming
           of
           the
           Bow
           ,
           a
           pidling
           and
           needlesse
           worke
           ,
           and
           that
           after
           a
           thing
           is
           once
           perfect
           there
           needes
           no
           amendment
           ,
           let
           them
           vnderstand
           from
           mee
           ,
           that
           it
           is
           no
           very
           good
           token
           in
           a
           Bow
           whereof
           nothing
           ,
           when
           it
           is
           new
           and
           fresh
           ,
           need
           to
           be
           cut
           away
           or
           amended
           ;
           euen
           as
           Cicero
           sayth
           of
           a
           
           Young-mans
           wit
           and
           style
           .
           For
           euery
           new
           thing
           must
           haue
           more
           then
           it
           needeth
           ,
           or
           else
           it
           will
           not
           grow
           better
           and
           better
           ,
           but
           decay
           and
           bee
           worse
           and
           worse
           .
           New
           Ale
           ,
           if
           it
           runne
           not
           ouer
           the
           barrell
           when
           it
           is
           new
           tunned
           ,
           will
           soone
           loose
           both
           strength
           and
           head
           ;
           and
           that
           Bow
           ,
           which
           at
           the
           first
           buying
           without
           any
           more
           proofe
           or
           trimming
           ,
           is
           fit
           and
           easie
           to
           shoote
           in
           ,
           shall
           neyther
           bee
           profitable
           to
           last
           long
           ,
           nor
           yet
           pleasant
           to
           shoote
           well
           .
           And
           therefore
           ,
           as
           a
           young
           Horse
           ,
           full
           of
           high
           courage
           and
           mettall
           ,
           with
           artfull
           handling
           ,
           is
           brought
           both
           to
           a
           comely
           pace
           and
           cunning
           manage
           ;
           So
           a
           new
           Bow
           ,
           fresh
           and
           quicke
           of
           cast
           ,
           by
           sinking
           and
           cutting
           ,
           is
           brought
           to
           a
           stedfast
           Shooting
           .
           And
           an
           easie
           and
           gentle
           Bow
           when
           it
           is
           new
           ,
           is
           not
           much
           vnlike
           a
           soft
           spirited
           boy
           
           when
           hee
           is
           young
           ,
           yet
           as
           of
           an
           vnruly
           boy
           ,
           with
           right
           handling
           ,
           often
           commeth
           a
           well
           ordered
           man
           ;
           so
           of
           an
           vnfit
           &
           Staffish
           Bow
           ,
           with
           good
           trimming
           ,
           must
           needs
           follow
           alwayes
           a
           stedfast
           and
           true
           shooting
           Bow
           ;
           and
           such
           a
           perfect
           Bow
           ,
           as
           will
           neuer
           fayle
           or
           decay
           .
           And
           indeed
           such
           a
           Bow
           euery
           man
           ought
           to
           looke
           for
           ,
           that
           will
           attayne
           to
           the
           end
           and
           perfection
           of
           perfect
           Shooting
           .
        
         
           Now
           ,
           touching
           the
           sauing
           and
           preseruing
           of
           this
           good
           Bow
           ,
           when
           you
           are
           once
           possest
           of
           it
           and
           haue
           brought
           it
           to
           that
           perfection
           ,
           of
           which
           I
           formerly
           spake
           ,
           you
           shall
           then
           prepare
           a
           cloath
           ,
           eyther
           of
           fine
           Harden
           or
           Woollen
           ,
           well
           waxed
           ,
           wherewith
           euery
           day
           you
           must
           rub
           &
           chafe
           your
           Bow
           till
           it
           shine
           and
           glitter
           withall
           ,
           which
           action
           shall
           cause
           it
           both
           to
           carry
           an
           excellent
           
           colour
           and
           complexion
           ,
           and
           also
           bring
           ouer
           it
           (
           as
           it
           were
           )
           a
           crust
           ,
           which
           will
           make
           all
           the
           outside
           so
           slippery
           and
           hard
           ,
           that
           neyther
           wet
           nor
           weather
           shall
           bee
           able
           to
           enter
           or
           hurt
           it
           ,
           neyther
           yet
           any
           Fret
           or
           pinch
           be
           able
           to
           byte
           vpon
           it
           ;
           insomuch
           ,
           that
           you
           shall
           doe
           it
           more
           then
           extraordinary
           wrong
           before
           you
           can
           breake
           it
           .
           This
           labour
           must
           be
           done
           oftentimes
           ,
           but
           especially
           when
           you
           come
           from
           Shooting
           ;
           you
           must
           haue
           a
           great
           care
           when
           you
           shoote
           ,
           of
           the
           heads
           of
           your
           Arrowes
           ,
           of
           wearing
           Daggers
           ,
           Kniues
           ,
           Poynt
           tags
           or
           Aglets
           ,
           least
           by
           any
           mischance
           they
           happen
           to
           raze
           or
           scratch
           your
           Bow
           ,
           a
           thing
           (
           as
           I
           sayd
           before
           )
           both
           vnseemely
           to
           looke
           on
           ,
           and
           dangerous
           for
           Frets
           .
           Also
           ,
           take
           heed
           of
           mystie
           and
           dankish
           dayes
           ,
           for
           they
           are
           hurtfull
           to
           the
           Bow
           ,
           and
           more
           
           dangerous
           then
           rayne
           ;
           for
           in
           such
           weather
           ,
           you
           must
           alwayes
           bee
           rubbing
           the
           Bow
           ,
           or
           forbeare
           to
           shoote
           .
        
         
           When
           your
           Bow
           is
           thus
           neatly
           trimmed
           and
           ordered
           ,
           
           you
           may
           then
           put
           it
           vp
           into
           your
           Bow-case
           ,
           which
           Bow-case
           seeing
           it
           is
           a
           defence
           or
           sauegard
           for
           the
           Bow
           ,
           I
           will
           speake
           a
           little
           thereof
           ;
           First
           ,
           your
           Bow-case
           when
           you
           ride
           abroad
           ,
           must
           by
           no
           meanes
           bee
           too
           wide
           for
           your
           Bowes
           ,
           for
           then
           one
           will
           beate
           against
           another
           and
           doe
           mischiefe
           ,
           neyther
           must
           it
           be
           too
           strait
           ,
           so
           that
           you
           shall
           bee
           forc'd
           to
           cram
           them
           in
           ,
           for
           that
           would
           crowd
           them
           and
           lay
           them
           to
           one
           side
           ,
           which
           would
           make
           them
           to
           winde
           and
           warpe
           ;
           but
           it
           must
           bee
           of
           a
           fit
           proportion
           ,
           easily
           filling
           and
           no
           more
           .
           A
           Bow-case
           of
           Leather
           is
           not
           the
           best
           ,
           for
           they
           are
           for
           
           the
           most
           part
           moyst
           ,
           &
           hurt
           a
           Bow
           ;
           therefore
           our
           best
           Archers
           ,
           will
           haue
           for
           euery
           Bow
           a
           seuerall
           case
           ,
           made
           either
           of
           fine
           Canuase
           ,
           or
           woollen-cloth
           ,
           but
           woollen
           cloth
           is
           the
           best
           ,
           for
           it
           not
           onely
           keepeth
           them
           in
           sunder
           without
           hurt
           ,
           but
           also
           preserueth
           a
           Bow
           in
           its
           full
           strength
           ,
           that
           it
           will
           neuer
           giue
           for
           any
           weather
           ;
           when
           your
           Bowes
           are
           thus
           cased
           vp
           seuerally
           ,
           you
           may
           then
           put
           them
           vp
           into
           your
           leather
           case
           without
           danger
           .
        
         
           At
           home
           in
           your
           owne
           house
           ,
           wood
           cases
           made
           of
           dry
           wainscot
           ,
           are
           very
           good
           for
           your
           Bowes
           to
           stand
           in
           ,
           prouided
           alwayes
           ,
           your
           Bow
           stand
           not
           too
           neare
           a
           stone-wall
           ,
           for
           that
           will
           make
           him
           moist
           and
           weake
           ,
           nor
           yet
           too
           neare
           the
           fire
           ,
           for
           that
           will
           make
           it
           short
           and
           brittle
           .
        
         
           Thus
           ,
           I
           haue
           shewed
           you
           the
           generall
           
           preseruations
           of
           the
           Bow
           ,
           I
           will
           now
           descend
           to
           those
           things
           which
           are
           to
           be
           auoyded
           for
           feare
           of
           breaking
           the
           Bow
           ,
           and
           they
           be
           foure
           in
           number
           ,
           viz.
           The
           String
           ,
           the
           Shaft
           ,
           by
           drawing
           too
           farre
           ,
           and
           by
           Frets
           .
        
         
           A
           Bow
           is
           broken
           by
           the
           String
           ,
           
           (
           as
           I
           haue
           partly
           shewed
           you
           before
           )
           when
           it
           is
           either
           too
           short
           ,
           too
           long
           ,
           not
           perfectly
           put
           on
           ,
           when
           it
           hath
           but
           one
           wappe
           ,
           when
           it
           is
           put
           on
           crooked
           ,
           when
           it
           is
           shorne
           by
           a
           sharpe
           nocke
           ,
           or
           when
           it
           is
           suffered
           to
           tarry
           too
           long
           on
           ,
           any
           of
           these
           make
           the
           string
           fayle
           and
           the
           Bow
           break
           ,
           especially
           in
           the
           midst
           ,
           the
           reason
           being
           ,
           because
           the
           ends
           haue
           nothing
           to
           stoppe
           them
           but
           whip
           so
           farre
           backe
           ,
           that
           the
           Belly
           must
           needs
           rise
           violently
           vp
           and
           split
           in
           pieces
           ,
           as
           you
           may
           very
           easily
           perceiue
           ,
           when
           at
           any
           time
           you
           
           will
           bend
           a
           Bow
           backward
           ;
           A
           Bow
           therefore
           that
           followeth
           the
           String
           is
           least
           hurt
           with
           breaking
           of
           the
           String
           .
        
         
           Secondly
           ,
           a
           Bow
           is
           broken
           by
           the
           Shaft
           ,
           eyther
           when
           it
           is
           too
           short
           ,
           so
           that
           you
           set
           it
           in
           your
           Bow
           or
           when
           the
           Nocke
           breakes
           ,
           for
           the
           littlenesse
           ,
           or
           when
           the
           String
           slips
           without
           the
           Nocke
           through
           the
           widenesse
           ,
           then
           you
           pull
           it
           to
           your
           eare
           ,
           and
           let
           it
           goe
           ,
           which
           must
           needs
           breake
           the
           Shaft
           at
           the
           least
           ,
           and
           puts
           both
           String
           ,
           Bow
           ,
           and
           all
           in
           hazard
           ,
           because
           the
           strength
           of
           the
           Bow
           hath
           nothing
           in
           it
           to
           stop
           the
           violence
           of
           it
           ;
           This
           kinde
           of
           breaking
           is
           most
           dangerous
           for
           the
           standers
           by
           ,
           for
           in
           such
           a
           case
           ,
           you
           shall
           see
           sometimes
           the
           end
           of
           a
           Bow
           flie
           more
           then
           a
           score
           from
           a
           man
           ,
           and
           as
           I
           haue
           noted
           it
           ,
           is
           euer
           the
           vpper
           end
           of
           the
           Bow.
           
        
         
         
           Thirdly
           ,
           the
           Bow
           is
           broken
           by
           drawing
           too
           farre
           ,
           two
           seuerall
           wayes
           ,
           either
           when
           you
           take
           a
           longer
           Shaft
           then
           your
           owne
           ,
           or
           else
           when
           you
           shift
           your
           hand
           too
           low
           or
           too
           high
           for
           Shooting
           ,
           and
           misse
           the
           true
           midst
           of
           the
           Bow
           ;
           and
           this
           motion
           is
           that
           ,
           which
           pulleth
           the
           backe
           of
           the
           Bow
           in
           sunder
           and
           maketh
           it
           flie
           in
           many
           pieces
           ;
           so
           then
           you
           are
           to
           obserue
           ,
           when
           a
           Bow
           is
           broken
           ,
           hauing
           the
           belly
           rissen
           vp
           either
           both
           wayes
           or
           but
           one
           ,
           then
           the
           String
           brake
           it
           ,
           when
           it
           is
           broken
           but
           in
           two
           pieces
           ,
           and
           that
           in
           a
           manner
           euen
           or
           especially
           in
           the
           vpper
           end
           ,
           then
           the
           Nocke
           of
           the
           Shaft
           brake
           it
           ,
           and
           when
           the
           backe
           is
           pulled
           in
           many
           peices
           ,
           then
           ouer-drawing
           brake
           it
           .
           These
           tokens
           are
           alwayes
           most
           certaine
           ,
           or
           very
           seldome
           doe
           misse
           .
        
         
           The
           4
           th
           ,
           and
           last
           thing
           ,
           that
           breaketh
           
           a
           Bow
           ,
           are
           Frets
           or
           Gaules
           ,
           w
           ch
           prepare
           and
           make
           ready
           a
           Bow
           for
           breaking
           by
           any
           of
           the
           three
           wayes
           formerly
           spoken
           off
           ;
           and
           these
           Frets
           ,
           are
           as
           well
           in
           the
           Arrow
           as
           the
           Bow
           ,
           and
           they
           are
           much
           like
           a
           canker
           creeping
           and
           increasing
           in
           those
           places
           where
           they
           abide
           ,
           which
           is
           euer
           the
           weakest
           and
           most
           indigent
           :
           And
           to
           cure
           this
           ,
           your
           Bow
           must
           be
           picked
           &
           trimmed
           by
           a
           cunning
           workman
           ,
           who
           will
           foresee
           that
           it
           may
           come
           round
           in
           compasse
           euery
           where
           ;
           For
           ,
           of
           Frets
           you
           must
           beware
           .
           If
           your
           Bow
           haue
           a
           knot
           in
           the
           backe
           ,
           least
           the
           places
           which
           be
           next
           vnto
           it
           ,
           be
           not
           strong
           enough
           to
           beare
           with
           the
           knot
           ,
           or
           else
           the
           strong
           knot
           will
           fret
           the
           weake
           places
           next
           vnto
           it
           .
           Frets
           at
           first
           ,
           are
           but
           little
           pinches
           ,
           which
           assoone
           as
           you
           perceiue
           ,
           picke
           the
           places
           about
           the
           pinch
           to
           
           make
           them
           somewhat
           weaker
           ,
           and
           as
           well
           comming
           as
           where
           it
           pinched
           ;
           and
           so
           the
           pinch
           will
           dye
           and
           neuer
           increase
           further
           or
           come
           to
           be
           a
           fret
           :
           Againe
           ,
           Bowes
           most
           commonly
           Fret
           vnder
           the
           hand
           ,
           not
           so
           much
           (
           as
           some
           suppose
           )
           for
           the
           moystnes
           of
           the
           hand
           ,
           as
           for
           the
           heat
           of
           the
           hand
           ,
           for
           heat
           (
           as
           Aristotle
           saith
           )
           is
           apt
           to
           loose
           and
           not
           to
           knit
           fast
           ,
           and
           the
           looser
           the
           weaker
           ,
           and
           the
           weaker
           more
           apt
           to
           Fret
           .
        
         
           A
           Bow
           is
           neuer
           wel
           made
           ,
           which
           hath
           not
           plenty
           of
           wood
           in
           the
           hand
           ,
           for
           if
           the
           ends
           of
           the
           Bow
           be
           staffish
           ,
           or
           a
           mans
           hand
           any
           thing
           hot
           ,
           the
           belly
           must
           needs
           soone
           Fret
           .
        
         
           Now
           ,
           for
           the
           cure
           of
           these
           Frets
           ,
           I
           haue
           not
           heard
           of
           any
           to
           any
           great
           purpose
           ,
           more
           then
           to
           make
           the
           Fretted
           place
           as
           strong
           or
           stronger
           then
           any
           other
           ,
           touching
           
           the
           filling
           of
           the
           Fret
           vp
           with
           the
           small
           Shiuers
           of
           a
           quill
           and
           Glew
           ,
           (
           which
           some
           hold
           good
           )
           yet
           both
           by
           reason
           &
           mine
           opinion
           it
           must
           needs
           be
           starke
           naught
           ,
           for
           put
           case
           the
           Fret
           doe
           cease
           then
           ,
           yet
           the
           cause
           which
           made
           it
           fret
           before
           (
           which
           is
           onely
           weaknesse
           )
           is
           not
           taken
           away
           ,
           and
           therefore
           consequently
           the
           place
           must
           needs
           fret
           againe
           .
           As
           for
           cutting
           out
           of
           Frets
           ,
           together
           with
           all
           manner
           of
           piecing
           of
           Bowes
           ,
           I
           vtterly
           dislike
           them
           ,
           as
           things
           not
           fit
           for
           a
           good
           Archer
           ,
           for
           pierced
           Bowes
           ,
           are
           like
           olde
           houses
           which
           are
           more
           chargeable
           to
           repaire
           ,
           then
           cōmodious
           to
           dwell
           in
           ;
           and
           againe
           ,
           to
           Swaddle
           a
           Bow
           much
           with
           bands
           ,
           how
           euer
           necessity
           may
           make
           it
           vse
           full
           ,
           yet
           it
           seldome
           doth
           any
           good
           ,
           except
           it
           be
           to
           keepe
           downe
           a
           Spell
           in
           the
           Backe
           ,
           otherwise
           
           bands
           eyther
           neede
           not
           when
           the
           Bow
           is
           any
           thing
           worth
           ,
           or
           else
           Boote
           not
           when
           it
           is
           spoyled
           .
           And
           though
           I
           know
           many
           poore
           Archers
           will
           vse
           pieced
           and
           banded
           Bowes
           ,
           because
           they
           are
           not
           able
           to
           get
           better
           ,
           yet
           I
           am
           sure
           if
           they
           consider
           it
           well
           ,
           they
           shall
           finde
           it
           lesse
           chargeable
           and
           more
           pleasure
           ,
           to
           bestow
           a
           Crowne
           on
           a
           new
           Bow
           then
           to
           giue
           tweluepence
           for
           piecing
           of
           an
           old
           ,
           for
           better
           is
           cost
           vpon
           some
           what
           worth
           ,
           then
           expence
           vpon
           that
           which
           is
           naught
           worth
           .
           And
           this
           I
           write
           the
           rather
           ,
           because
           I
           intreat
           onely
           of
           the
           perfection
           of
           Shooting
           .
        
         
           Againe
           ,
           there
           is
           another
           thing
           which
           will
           soone
           occasion
           a
           Bow
           to
           be
           broken
           by
           one
           of
           the
           wayes
           before
           named
           ,
           and
           that
           is
           shooting
           in
           the
           winter
           leason
           when
           there
           is
           any
           great
           Frost
           ;
           for
           Frosts
           are
           euer
           ,
           
           wheresoeuer
           there
           is
           any
           waterish
           humor
           ,
           as
           is
           in
           all
           kinde
           of
           wood
           ,
           eyther
           more
           or
           lesse
           ,
           and
           't
           is
           true
           ,
           that
           all
           things
           frozen
           and
           Icie
           ,
           will
           rather
           breake
           then
           bend
           ;
           yet
           if
           any
           man
           must
           needs
           shoote
           at
           such
           a
           time
           ,
           let
           him
           take
           his
           Bow
           and
           bring
           it
           to
           the
           fire
           ,
           and
           thereby
           a
           little
           rub
           and
           chafe
           it
           with
           a
           waxed
           cloth
           ,
           which
           will
           quickly
           bring
           it
           to
           that
           perfection
           that
           he
           may
           ●afely
           shoote
           without
           danger
           :
           This
           rubbing
           with
           waxe
           (
           as
           I
           said
           before
           )
           is
           a
           great
           succour
           against
           all
           wet
           and
           moystnesse
           ,
           and
           as
           youthus
           rub
           your
           Bow
           at
           the
           fire
           ;
           so
           likewise
           in
           the
           field
           and
           going
           betwixt
           your
           Markes
           ,
           cither
           with
           your
           hand
           or
           else
           with
           a
           cloath
           ,
           keepe
           your
           Bow
           in
           such
           a
           temper
           ,
           as
           the
           frost
           may
           not
           annoy
           it
           .
        
         
           And
           thus
           much
           concerning
           the
           Bow
           ,
           how
           first
           to
           know
           what
           
           wood
           is
           best
           ,
           then
           how
           to
           chuse
           a
           Bow
           ,
           after
           how
           to
           trim
           it
           ,
           then
           how
           to
           keepe
           it
           in
           goodnesse
           ;
           and
           lastly
           ,
           how
           to
           saue
           it
           from
           all
           harm
           and
           mischiefe
           .
           And
           although
           many
           ,
           both
           can
           and
           may
           say
           more
           in
           this
           Subiect
           then
           my selfe
           ,
           yet
           what
           I
           haue
           said
           is
           true
           ,
           and
           I
           hope
           sufficient
           for
           any
           reasonable
           knowledge
           .
        
      
       
         
           Chap.
           VIII
           .
           Of
           the
           Shaft
           and
           the
           vses
           .
        
         
           WHat
           Shafts
           or
           Arrowes
           were
           made
           of
           in
           former
           times
           ,
           Authors
           doe
           not
           so
           plentifully
           shew
           ,
           
           as
           of
           Bowes
           ;
           yet
           Herodotus
           doth
           tell
           vs
           ,
           that
           in
           the
           Riuer
           Nilus
           there
           was
           a
           Beast
           called
           a
           Water
           horse
           ,
           of
           whose
           Skin
           after
           it
           was
           dryed
           ,
           the
           Aegyptians
           made
           Shafts
           and
           Darts
           .
           
           The
           tree
           called
           Cornus
           ,
           was
           so
           common
           to
           make
           Shafts
           on
           ,
           that
           in
           many
           good
           latine
           Authors
           ,
           Cornus
           is
           taken
           for
           a
           Shaft
           ,
           as
           in
           Seneca
           and
           this
           place
           of
           Virgill
           .
           
        
         
           Volat
           Itala
           Cornus
           .
        
         
           Yet
           of
           all
           things
           that
           euer
           I
           marked
           in
           any
           old
           Authors
           ,
           
           eyther
           Greeke
           or
           Latine
           ,
           for
           shafts
           to
           be
           made
           on
           ,
           I
           finde
           not
           any
           thing
           so
           common
           as
           Reeds
           ;
           Herodotus
           in
           describing
           the
           mighty
           hoast
           of
           Xerxes
           ,
           shewes
           that
           those
           great
           countries
           vsed
           Shafts
           made
           of
           Reeds
           ,
           as
           the
           Ethiopians
           ,
           the
           Lycians
           (
           whose
           Shafts
           had
           no
           feathers
           ,
           at
           which
           I
           much
           maruaile
           )
           and
           the
           Indians
           .
           The
           Indian
           Shafts
           were
           very
           long
           ,
           as
           a
           yard
           and
           an
           halfe
           (
           according
           to
           Apian
           
           )
           or
           at
           the
           least
           a
           full
           yard
           ,
           as
           affirmeth
           
             Quintus
             Curtius
          
           ,
           which
           made
           them
           giue
           the
           greater
           blow
           ,
           yet
           that
           great
           length
           made
           
           them
           more
           vnhandsome
           ,
           and
           losse
           profitable
           for
           them
           that
           used
           them
           .
           In
           Creet
           and
           Italy
           ,
           they
           made
           their
           Shafts
           of
           Reede
           also
           ,
           and
           as
           they
           ,
           so
           many
           other
           Countries
           beside
           .
        
         
           The
           best
           Reeds
           for
           Shafts
           grew
           in
           Italie
           ,
           especially
           in
           Rhemus
           ,
           a
           flood
           in
           Italie
           .
           But
           because
           such
           Shafts
           ,
           are
           neither
           easie
           for
           our
           English
           Nation
           to
           get
           ,
           or
           if
           got
           ,
           scarce
           profitable
           for
           vse
           ,
           I
           wil
           leaue
           them
           vnhandled
           ,
           and
           onely
           speake
           of
           those
           Shafts
           which
           our
           English
           Nation
           do
           most
           approue
           of
           at
           this
           day
           .
           And
           therefore
           you
           shall
           vnderstand
           ,
           that
           euery
           Shaft
           doth
           consist
           of
           three
           distinct
           parts
           ,
           as
           the
           Steele
           ,
           the
           Feather
           ,
           and
           the
           Head
           ,
           which
           make
           a
           compleate
           Arrow
           ;
           and
           because
           they
           be
           each
           of
           them
           (
           how
           euer
           sleight
           in
           shallow
           Imagination
           )
           yet
           of
           great
           validity
           and
           worthy
           our
           best
           discourse
           ,
           I
           will
           
           handle
           them
           seuerally
           and
           a
           part
           .
           And
           first
           ,
           of
           the
           Steele
           .
        
      
       
         
           CHAP.
           IX
           .
           Of
           the
           Steele
           of
           the
           Arrow
           ,
           the
           excellence
           and
           vse
           .
        
         
           The
           Steele
           or
           Body
           of
           the
           Arrow
           or
           Shaft
           ,
           is
           ,
           and
           may
           bee
           made
           of
           diuers
           Woods
           ,
           as
           namely
           ,
           Fifteene
           in
           number
           ,
           as
           followeth
           :
           
             
               Brazill
               ,
            
             
               Turkie-wood
               ,
            
             
               Fusticke
               ,
            
             
               Sugar-chest
               ,
            
             
               Hard-beame
               ,
            
             
               Birch
               ,
            
             
               Ashe
               ,
            
             
               Oake
               ,
            
             
               Seruis-tree
               ,
            
             
               Hulder
               ,
            
             
               Black-thorne
               ,
            
             
               Beeche
               ,
            
             
               Elder
               ,
            
             
               Aspe
               ,
            
             
               Sallow
               .
            
          
        
         
           These
           Woods
           ,
           as
           they
           are
           most
           commonly
           vsed
           ,
           so
           they
           are
           most
           
           fit
           to
           be
           vsed
           ,
           yet
           some
           are
           more
           excellent
           then
           others
           ,
           as
           you
           shall
           heare
           in
           their
           proper
           place
           ,
           and
           in
           this
           instrument
           as
           in
           your
           Bow
           ,
           you
           must
           repose
           your
           confidence
           in
           the
           honest
           Fletcher
           .
           And
           although
           I
           cannot
           teach
           you
           to
           make
           a
           Bow
           or
           an
           Arrow
           ,
           because
           it
           is
           the
           Art
           of
           the
           Artificers
           ;
           yet
           ,
           I
           will
           shew
           you
           those
           Rules
           and
           Characters
           ,
           which
           shall
           make
           you
           able
           to
           judge
           and
           discerne
           the
           goodnesse
           and
           badnesse
           of
           a
           Shaft
           ,
           which
           is
           as
           much
           ,
           as
           a
           good
           Archer
           can
           require
           .
        
         
           First
           then
           ,
           the
           Steele
           of
           an
           Arrow
           ,
           must
           be
           well
           seasoned
           for
           feare
           of
           casting
           ,
           and
           it
           must
           be
           wrought
           as
           the
           graine
           goeth
           or
           else
           it
           will
           neuer
           flye
           cleane
           or
           true
           ;
           for
           as
           cloth
           cut
           ouerthwart
           and
           against
           the
           wooll
           ,
           euer
           maketh
           an
           imperfect
           garment
           ;
           So
           a
           knotty
           Steele
           may
           
           passe
           in
           a
           bigge
           Shaft
           ,
           but
           in
           a
           little
           one
           it
           is
           intollerable
           ,
           both
           because
           it
           wil
           neuer
           fly
           farre
           ,
           &
           also
           because
           it
           is
           euer
           in
           danger
           of
           breaking
           ;
           It
           cannot
           flye
           farre
           ,
           because
           the
           strength
           of
           the
           shot
           is
           hindered
           and
           stopped
           at
           the
           knot
           ,
           euen
           as
           a
           Stone
           cast
           into
           a
           smooth
           water
           will
           make
           the
           water
           mooue
           and
           make
           many
           circles
           ;
           yet
           if
           there
           be
           any
           deepe
           or
           whirling
           plat
           in
           the
           water
           ,
           the
           motion
           will
           cease
           ,
           and
           the
           circles
           vanish
           so
           soone
           as
           they
           approach
           it
           ,
           so
           is
           it
           ,
           with
           a
           knottie
           Shaft
           that
           cannot
           flye
           when
           the
           ayre
           takes
           it
           ;
           for
           euery
           thing
           as
           it
           is
           plaine
           &
           straight
           of
           its
           owne
           nature
           ,
           is
           fittest
           for
           farre
           moouing
           .
           Therefore
           ,
           a
           Steele
           that
           is
           hard
           tost
           and
           in
           a
           Bow
           ,
           without
           knot
           and
           streight
           (
           I
           meane
           not
           artificially
           streight
           ,
           as
           the
           Fletcher
           doth
           make
           it
           ,
           but
           naturally
           streight
           as
           it
           groweth
           )
           is
           absolutely
           the
           best
           to
           
           make
           a
           Shaft
           on
           ,
           eyther
           to
           goe
           cleane
           ,
           fly
           farre
           ,
           or
           to
           stand
           surely
           in
           any
           weather
           .
        
         
           Now
           how
           bigge
           ,
           how
           small
           ,
           how
           heauie
           ,
           how
           long
           ,
           how
           short
           a
           shaft
           should
           be
           particularly
           for
           euery
           man
           (
           because
           I
           am
           bound
           to
           discourse
           of
           the
           generall
           Nature
           of
           this
           Nature
           of
           this
           Art
           ,
           and
           not
           the
           hidden
           adiuncts
           )
           it
           cannot
           be
           discouered
           ,
           no
           more
           then
           Rethoricians
           can
           appoint
           any
           one
           kinde
           of
           words
           ,
           Sentences
           ,
           Figures
           and
           Tropes
           ,
           for
           euery
           matter
           ;
           but
           euen
           as
           the
           man
           and
           the
           Subiect
           doe
           require
           ,
           obseruing
           still
           that
           the
           fittest
           be
           vsed
           .
           Therefore
           ,
           as
           concerning
           these
           contraries
           in
           Shafts
           ,
           euery
           man
           must
           auoyd
           them
           ,
           and
           draw
           euery
           extremity
           to
           his
           meane
           or
           indifferent
           estate
           ,
           which
           is
           the
           best
           in
           all
           things
           ;
           yet
           if
           any
           man
           happen
           to
           offend
           in
           any
           excesse
           ,
           it
           is
           better
           
           to
           offend
           in
           want
           and
           scantnesse
           ,
           then
           in
           too
           much
           or
           ouerflowing
           ;
           and
           it
           is
           better
           to
           haue
           a
           Shaft
           a
           little
           too
           short
           ,
           then
           any
           thing
           too
           long
           ;
           some
           what
           too
           light
           ,
           then
           ouer
           lumpish
           ;
           a
           little
           too
           small
           ,
           then
           a
           great
           deale
           too
           big
           ;
           which
           thing
           ,
           is
           not
           onely
           true
           in
           Shooting
           ,
           but
           in
           all
           things
           else
           ,
           w
           ch
           a
           man
           vndertaketh
           ,
           especially
           in
           eating
           &
           talking
           .
        
         
           The
           offence
           of
           these
           contraryes
           cōmeth
           most
           ,
           when
           a
           man
           is
           carelesse
           and
           respecteth
           not
           of
           what
           kinde
           of
           wood
           his
           Arrow
           is
           made
           ;
           for
           some
           wood
           belongs
           to
           the
           exceeding
           part
           ,
           some
           to
           the
           scant
           part
           ,
           and
           some
           to
           the
           meane
           .
           As
           
             Brazill
             ,
             Turkie-wood
             ,
             Fusticke
             ,
             Sugar-chest
             ,
          
           and
           the
           like
           ;
           make
           dead
           ,
           heauie
           ,
           lumpish
           and
           cobling
           Shafts
           ;
           the
           
             Hudder
             ,
             Black-thorne
          
           ,
           the
           
             Seruis-tree
             ,
             Beech
             ,
             Elder
             ,
             Aspe
             ,
          
           and
           Sallow
           ,
           either
           for
           their
           ouer-weakenesse
           or
           lightnes
           ,
           
           make
           hollow
           ,
           starting
           ,
           scudding
           ,
           gadding
           shafts
           .
           But
           
             Birch
             ,
             Hardbeame
          
           ,
           some
           Oake
           ,
           and
           some
           Ashe
           ,
           being
           both
           strong
           enough
           to
           stand
           in
           a
           Bow
           ,
           and
           also
           light
           enough
           to
           flye
           farre
           ,
           are
           best
           for
           a
           meane
           degree
           ,
           which
           is
           to
           bee
           sought
           out
           in
           every
           thing
           :
           And
           although
           I
           know
           some
           men
           shoot
           so
           strong
           ,
           that
           the
           heauyest
           wood
           is
           light
           enough
           for
           them
           ;
           and
           other
           some
           so
           weake
           ,
           that
           the
           loose
           and
           lightest
           Wood
           will
           hardly
           serue
           them
           :
           yet
           generally
           for
           the
           most
           part
           of
           men
           ,
           the
           meane
           woods
           are
           the
           best
           ;
           therefore
           to
           conclude
           ,
           that
           wood
           is
           alwaies
           best
           for
           a
           man
           ,
           which
           is
           most
           correspondent
           to
           his
           strength
           .
           And
           thus
           ,
           no
           wood
           of
           his
           owne
           nature
           ,
           is
           eyther
           too
           light
           ,
           or
           too
           beauie
           ,
           but
           according
           to
           the
           strength
           of
           the
           Archer
           which
           doth
           vse
           it
           ;
           and
           that
           Shaft
           which
           this
           yeare
           was
           for
           
           a
           man
           too
           light
           and
           scudding
           ,
           for
           the
           selfe-fame
           man
           the
           next
           yeare
           may
           be
           too
           heauy
           and
           hobling
           :
           Therefore
           cannot
           I
           expresse
           otherwise
           ,
           then
           generally
           what
           is
           the
           best
           wood
           for
           an
           Arrow
           ,
           but
           let
           euery
           one
           when
           hee
           knoweth
           his
           owne
           strength
           ,
           and
           the
           nature
           of
           euery
           seuerall
           wood
           ,
           prouide
           and
           fit
           himselfe
           thereatrer
           ;
           Yet
           as
           concerning
           Sheaf-Arrowes
           for
           the
           Warres
           (
           as
           I
           suppose
           )
           it
           were
           better
           to
           make
           them
           of
           good
           Ashe
           ,
           as
           they
           were
           in
           former
           times
           ,
           and
           not
           of
           Aspe
           ,
           as
           they
           be
           now
           ,
           for
           of
           all
           the
           woods
           that
           euer
           I
           prooued
           ,
           Ashe
           being
           big
           is
           the
           swiftest
           ,
           and
           giueth
           the
           fairest
           blow
           ,
           by
           reason
           of
           its
           heauinesse
           ;
           both
           which
           qualities
           the
           Aspe
           wanteth
           ;
           what
           the
           benefit
           of
           Armour
           is
           ,
           euery
           man
           can
           judge
           by
           experience
           ,
           therefore
           that
           which
           pierceth
           it
           most
           ,
           is
           most
           worthy
           ;
           then
           Ashe
           
           being
           both
           swifter
           and
           heauyer
           ,
           it
           must
           be
           the
           deeper
           wounder
           ,
           and
           so
           fittest
           for
           the
           Sheafe
           ;
           And
           thus
           much
           ,
           of
           the
           choyce
           of
           seuerall
           Woods
           .
        
         
           Now
           ,
           as
           no
           Wood
           can
           bee
           absolutely
           meet
           for
           all
           māner
           of
           shafts
           ,
           no
           more
           can
           one
           fashion
           of
           the
           Steele
           be
           fit
           for
           euery
           Archer
           ;
           for
           those
           that
           be
           little
           brested
           ,
           and
           big
           towards
           the
           head
           ,
           called
           for
           theyr
           likenesse
           Capon-fashion
           ,
           Rush-growne
           ,
           and
           of
           some
           merry
           fellowes
           Bob-tayles
           ,
           are
           fittest
           for
           them
           which
           shoot
           vnder-hand
           ,
           because
           they
           shoot
           with
           a
           soft
           loose
           ,
           and
           straines
           not
           a
           shaft
           much
           in
           the
           Breast
           ,
           where
           the
           weight
           of
           the
           Bow
           lyeth
           ,
           as
           you
           may
           perceiue
           by
           the
           wearing
           of
           euery
           Shaft
           ;
           againe
           ,
           the
           big-breasted
           Shaft
           is
           fit
           for
           him
           that
           shooteth
           right
           before
           him
           ;
           as
           also
           ,
           the
           Breast
           being
           weake
           
           cannot
           possibly
           withstand
           a
           strong
           pithie
           kinde
           of
           Shooting
           .
           Thus
           the
           vnderhand
           must
           haue
           a
           small
           breast
           to
           goe
           cleere
           away
           out
           of
           the
           Bow
           ,
           and
           the
           fore-hand
           must
           haue
           a
           big
           breast
           to
           beare
           the
           great
           might
           of
           the
           Bow.
           
        
         
           Euery
           Shaft
           must
           be
           made
           round
           &
           not
           flat
           ,
           without
           Gall
           or
           〈◊〉
           ,
           because
           roundnesse
           (
           whether
           you
           take
           example
           frō
           Heauen
           or
           Earth
           )
           is
           the
           fittest
           shape
           or
           forme
           both
           for
           fast
           moouing
           ,
           and
           also
           for
           soone
           piercing
           of
           any
           thing
           ,
           and
           therefore
           ARISTOTLE
           sayth
           ;
           that
           Nature
           hath
           made
           the
           drops
           of
           Raine
           round
           ,
           because
           it
           shall
           the
           sooner
           enter
           through
           the
           Ayre
           .
        
         
           The
           nocke
           of
           the
           Shaft
           is
           diversly
           made
           ,
           for
           some
           be
           great
           and
           full
           ,
           some
           handsome
           and
           little
           ,
           some
           wide
           ,
           some
           narrow
           ,
           some
           deepe
           ,
           some
           shallow
           ,
           some
           round
           ,
           some
           
           long
           ,
           some
           with
           one
           Nocke
           ,
           and
           some
           with
           a
           double
           Nocke
           ,
           whereof
           euery
           one
           hath
           his
           seuerall
           property
           ;
           as
           thus
           :
           The
           great
           and
           full
           Nocke
           may
           be
           well
           felt
           ,
           and
           doth
           divers
           waies
           save
           a
           shaft
           from
           breaking
           ;
           the
           handsome
           little
           Nocke
           will
           goe
           cleane
           from
           the
           hand
           ;
           the
           wide
           Nocke
           is
           naught
           both
           for
           breaking
           the
           Shaft
           ,
           and
           also
           for
           suddaine
           slipping
           out
           of
           the
           string
           ,
           when
           the
           narrow
           Nocke
           avoideth
           both
           these
           injuries
           :
           The
           deepe
           and
           long
           Nocke
           is
           good
           in
           the
           Warres
           for
           sure
           keeping
           of
           the
           String
           ,
           the
           Shallow
           and
           round
           Nocke
           is
           the
           best
           of
           all
           other
           for
           our
           purpose
           in
           pricking
           ,
           both
           for
           cleane
           delinerance
           of
           a
           shoot
           ,
           and
           fine
           sending
           away
           of
           the
           Arrow
           ;
           and
           the
           double
           Nocke
           is
           for
           a
           double
           suretie
           of
           the
           Shaft
           .
           And
           this
           I
           thinke
           is
           sufficient
           touching
           the
           Steele
           of
           the
           
           Arrow
           onely
           in
           Generall
           .
        
         
           Now
           for
           the
           piecing
           of
           an
           Arrow
           with
           
             Brazill
             ,
             Holley
          
           ,
           or
           other
           heauye
           Wood
           ,
           it
           is
           to
           make
           the
           end
           compasse
           heauie
           with
           the
           Feathers
           in
           flying
           ,
           for
           the
           stedfaster
           shooting
           ;
           for
           if
           the
           end
           were
           plumb'd
           heauie
           with
           Leade
           ,
           and
           the
           Wood
           next
           it
           light
           ,
           the
           head-end
           would
           euer
           bee
           downeward
           ,
           and
           never
           flye
           streight
           .
           Now
           in
           piecing
           ,
           you
           must
           conceiue
           that
           two
           points
           are
           euer
           enough
           for
           one
           shaft
           ,
           least
           the
           moystnesse
           of
           the
           Earth
           enter
           too
           much
           into
           the
           piecing
           and
           so
           loosen
           the
           glew
           ;
           therefore
           many
           points
           are
           more
           pleasing
           to
           the
           eye
           ,
           then
           profitable
           for
           vse
           ;
           Some
           vse
           to
           piece
           their
           shafts
           in
           the
           Nocke
           with
           Brasill
           or
           Holley
           ,
           to
           counterpoyse
           with
           the
           Head
           ,
           &
           I
           have
           seene
           some
           for
           the
           same
           purpose
           ,
           boare
           an
           hole
           a
           little
           beneath
           
           the
           Nocke
           ,
           and
           put
           leade
           into
           it
           ;
           yet
           for
           mine
           owne
           part
           ,
           I
           allow
           not
           any
           of
           those
           wayes
           ,
           because
           the
           nature
           of
           a
           Feather
           in
           flying
           (
           if
           a
           man
           mark
           it
           wel
           )
           is
           able
           to
           beare
           vp
           a
           wōderfull
           weight
           ;
           therefore
           I
           imagine
           this
           manner
           of
           piecing
           at
           the
           nocke
           was
           drawne
           from
           this
           President
           ;
           when
           a
           good
           Archer
           had
           broken
           a
           good
           shaft
           with
           which
           hee
           was
           much
           enamoured
           ,
           both
           in
           loue
           to
           the
           Feathers
           ,
           and
           out
           of
           a
           fancie
           not
           to
           loose
           what
           he
           did
           formerly
           affect
           ,
           hee
           hath
           caused
           it
           thus
           to
           bee
           pieced
           ,
           which
           others
           perceiuing
           ,
           (
           without
           any
           examination
           of
           the
           cause
           ,
           but
           pleas'd
           with
           the
           gaudinesse
           )
           haue
           presently
           imitated
           ,
           and
           not
           onely
           cut
           one
           ,
           but
           all
           in
           theyr
           Quiuer
           ;
           A
           thing
           ,
           in
           my
           judgement
           much
           more
           costly
           then
           necessary
           ;
           therefore
           let
           no
           man
           make
           himselfe
           anothers
           Ape
           without
           argument
           ,
           without
           discretion
           .
        
      
       
         
         
           CHAP.
           X.
           Of
           the
           Feather
           ,
           the
           Nature
           ,
           excellence
           and
           vse
           .
        
         
           THere
           is
           not
           any
           thing
           in
           all
           the
           Art
           of
           Archerie
           more
           seriously
           to
           be
           lookt
           into
           then
           the
           Feather
           of
           the
           Shaft
           ;
           because
           first
           a
           question
           may
           be
           asked
           ,
           whether
           any
           other
           thing
           beside
           a
           Feather
           be
           fit
           for
           a
           shaft
           or
           no
           ;
           then
           if
           a
           feather
           onely
           be
           fit
           ,
           whether
           a
           Goose
           Feather
           onely
           or
           no
           ;
           if
           a
           Goose
           Feather
           be
           best
           ,
           then
           whether
           there
           be
           any
           difference
           as
           concerning
           the
           Feather
           of
           an
           old
           Goose
           or
           a
           young
           ,
           a
           Gander
           or
           a
           Goose
           ,
           a
           Fenny
           Goose
           or
           an
           vpi
           and
           Goose
           :
           Againe
           ,
           w
           ch
           is
           the
           best
           Feather
           in
           any
           Goose
           the
           right
           wing
           or
           the
           left
           ,
           the
           pinion
           Feather
           or
           any
           other
           Feather
           ;
           a
           white
           ,
           a
           blacke
           ,
           or
           a
           gray
           Feather
           ;
           Thirdly
           ,
           in
           setting
           on
           the
           Feather
           
           whether
           it
           is
           pared
           or
           drawn
           with
           a
           thicke
           Rib
           or
           with
           a
           thinne
           ,
           (
           the
           Ribbe
           is
           the
           hard
           quill
           which
           diuideth
           the
           Feathers
           ▪
           whether
           a
           long
           Feather
           bee
           better
           then
           a
           short
           ,
           whether
           to
           be
           set
           on
           neare
           the
           Nocke
           or
           farre
           from
           the
           Nocke
           ,
           whether
           to
           be
           set
           on
           streight
           or
           somewhat
           bowing
           ,
           and
           whether
           one
           or
           two
           Feathers
           must
           runne
           on
           the
           Bow
           ;
           lastly
           ,
           in
           Couling
           or
           Shering
           ,
           whether
           it
           must
           be
           done
           high
           or
           low
           ,
           whether
           somewhat
           Swine-backed
           (
           I
           must
           vse
           Archers
           words
           )
           or
           Saddle-backed
           ,
           whether
           round
           or
           square
           shorne
           .
           And
           whether
           a
           Shaft
           at
           any
           time
           ought
           to
           be
           plucked
           ,
           and
           how
           to
           be
           plucked
           ;
           Of
           these
           things
           in
           their
           order
           .
        
         
           First
           therefore
           ,
           whether
           any
           thing
           else
           may
           be
           vsed
           but
           a
           Feather
           ,
           both
           Plinie
           in
           Latine
           ,
           and
           
             Iulius
             Pollux
          
           in
           Greeke
           doe
           proue
           ,
           that
           
           Feathers
           alwayes
           haue
           beene
           vsed
           ;
           and
           but
           onely
           the
           Lycians
           of
           whom
           I
           reade
           in
           Herodotus
           ,
           did
           vse
           Shafts
           without
           Feathers
           ;
           vnderstand
           then
           ,
           that
           onely
           a
           Feather
           is
           fit
           for
           a
           Shaft
           ,
           and
           that
           for
           two
           reasons
           :
           First
           ,
           because
           it
           is
           leath-weake
           to
           giue
           place
           to
           the
           Bow
           ,
           then
           because
           it
           is
           of
           that
           nature
           that
           it
           will
           start
           vp
           after
           the
           Bow
           ,
           which
           plate
           ,
           wood
           or
           horne
           ,
           cannot
           do
           ,
           because
           they
           will
           not
           giue
           place
           ;
           and
           againe
           Cloth
           ,
           paper
           or
           parchment
           ,
           cannot
           serue
           ,
           because
           they
           also
           will
           not
           rise
           vp
           after
           the
           Bow
           ;
           therefore
           the
           Feather
           onely
           is
           meet
           ,
           for
           it
           will
           doe
           both
           ;
           Now
           if
           you
           please
           to
           behold
           the
           Feathers
           of
           all
           manner
           of
           Byards
           ,
           you
           shall
           see
           some
           so
           low
           ,
           weake
           and
           short
           ,
           some
           so
           course
           ,
           stoore
           and
           hard
           ,
           and
           the
           rib
           so
           brittle
           ,
           thinne
           and
           narrow
           ,
           that
           it
           can
           neyther
           be
           drawne
           ,
           pared
           ,
           nor
           
           well
           set
           on
           :
           So
           that
           ,
           except
           it
           be
           a
           Swan
           feather
           for
           a
           dead
           shaft
           (
           as
           I
           know
           some
           good
           Archers
           haue
           vsed
           )
           or
           a
           Ducks
           for
           a
           Flight
           ,
           which
           lasteth
           but
           one
           shoote
           ,
           there
           is
           no
           Feather
           but
           onely
           of
           a
           Goose
           ,
           that
           hath
           all
           māner
           of
           cōmodities
           in
           it
           ;
           &
           for
           the
           Peacocks
           Feather
           ,
           which
           some
           men
           doe
           vse
           at
           a
           short
           Butt
           ,
           it
           seldom
           or
           neuer
           keeps
           vp
           the
           shaft
           ,
           eyther
           right
           or
           leuell
           ,
           by
           reason
           that
           it
           is
           so
           rough
           and
           heauie
           ;
           insomuch
           ,
           that
           many
           which
           haue
           taken
           them
           vp
           for
           their
           gaynesse
           ,
           haue
           layd
           them
           downe
           againe
           for
           theyr
           profit
           ;
           So
           that
           I
           conclude
           ,
           the
           Goose
           of
           all
           Feathers
           is
           the
           best
           for
           a
           compleat
           Archer
           ,
           and
           he
           that
           will
           goe
           beyond
           it
           ,
           let
           him
           be
           Hercules
           Scholler
           and
           not
           mine
           ,
           who
           feathered
           his
           Arrowes
           with
           the
           wings
           of
           an
           Eagle
           ,
           a
           Fowle
           that
           flyes
           so
           high
           ,
           and
           builds
           so
           farre
           
           off
           ,
           that
           I
           had
           rather
           content
           my selfe
           with
           the
           gentle
           Goose
           ,
           then
           search
           for
           the
           others
           Feathers
           .
           Especially
           ,
           because
           the
           Goose
           bringeth
           euen
           to
           a
           mans
           doore
           so
           many
           excellent
           commodities
           :
           for
           the
           Goose
           is
           mans
           comfort
           both
           in
           warre
           and
           peace
           ,
           sleeping
           and
           waking
           ,
           what
           praise
           soeuer
           can
           be
           giuen
           to
           shooting
           ,
           the
           Goose
           may
           challenge
           the
           best
           part
           :
           how
           well
           doth
           shee
           make
           a
           man
           fare
           at
           his
           Table
           ,
           how
           easily
           doth
           she
           make
           a
           man
           lye
           in
           his
           Bed
           ,
           &
           how
           brauely
           doth
           her
           quils
           make
           vs
           write
           ,
           &
           record
           euery
           occurrent
           :
           I
           doe
           not
           think
           that
           the
           Romans
           giue
           so
           much
           honour
           to
           the
           Goose
           for
           sauing
           the
           Capitoll
           ,
           when
           they
           set
           her
           golden
           Statue
           thereon
           ,
           and
           appointed
           the
           Censors
           to
           allow
           out
           of
           the
           common
           Treasurie
           yearely
           Stipends
           for
           the
           maintainance
           of
           those
           Creatures
           ,
           
           they
           did
           it
           not
           (
           I
           say
           )
           so
           much
           for
           that
           one
           good
           act
           ,
           as
           for
           a
           world
           of
           others
           ,
           which
           we
           dayly
           and
           almost
           hourely
           receiue
           from
           them
           ;
           insomuch
           ,
           that
           if
           I
           were
           bound
           to
           declaime
           in
           the
           praise
           of
           any
           Beast
           liuing
           ,
           I
           would
           choose
           the
           Goose
           :
           But
           leauing
           this
           digression
           :
           Now
           how
           a
           Feather
           must
           bee
           had
           ▪
           and
           what
           Feaaher
           is
           best
           ;
           it
           followeth
           now
           ,
           whether
           of
           a
           young
           Goose
           ,
           or
           an
           old
           ;
           the
           old
           Goose
           Feather
           is
           stiffe
           and
           strong
           ,
           good
           for
           a
           winde
           ,
           and
           fittest
           for
           a
           dead
           Shaft
           ;
           The
           young
           Goose
           Feather
           is
           weake
           and
           fine
           ,
           and
           are
           best
           for
           a
           swift
           shaft
           ,
           and
           it
           must
           be
           caulled
           at
           the
           first
           shearing
           some
           what
           high
           :
           for
           in
           shooting
           ,
           it
           will
           settle
           very
           much
           ;
           The
           same
           things
           (
           although
           not
           so
           much
           )
           are
           to
           be
           considered
           both
           in
           Goose
           and
           Gander
           ;
           A
           Fenny
           Goose
           ,
           euen
           as
           her
           flesh
           is
           blacker
           ,
           
           stoorer
           and
           vnwholsomner
           ,
           so
           are
           her
           Feathers
           by
           the
           same
           reason
           courser
           ,
           stoorer
           and
           worse
           for
           that
           purpose
           ;
           whence
           it
           comes
           ,
           that
           I
           haue
           heard
           many
           skilfull
           Fletchers
           say
           ,
           that
           the
           second
           Feather
           in
           some
           place
           ,
           is
           better
           then
           the
           Pinion
           in
           other
           ;
           Betwixt
           the
           wings
           is
           little
           differēce
           ,
           but
           that
           you
           must
           haue
           diuers
           Shafts
           of
           one
           flight
           ,
           feathered
           with
           diuers
           wings
           for
           diuers
           winds
           ;
           for
           if
           the
           Winde
           and
           the
           feather
           goe
           both
           one
           way
           ,
           the
           Shaft
           will
           be
           carryed
           too
           much
           .
           The
           Pinion
           Feathers
           ,
           as
           they
           haue
           the
           first
           place
           in
           the
           Wing
           ,
           so
           they
           haue
           the
           first
           place
           in
           Feathering
           ,
           this
           feather
           you
           may
           know
           before
           it
           be
           pared
           ,
           by
           a
           baight
           which
           is
           in
           it
           ▪
           and
           againe
           ,
           when
           it
           is
           coul'd
           by
           the
           thinnesse
           aboue
           ,
           and
           the
           thickenesse
           at
           the
           ground
           ,
           and
           also
           by
           the
           stiffenesse
           and
           finenesse
           ,
           
           which
           will
           carry
           a
           Shaft
           better
           ,
           faster
           ,
           and
           further
           then
           any
           other
           Feather
           .
        
         
           Touching
           the
           colour
           of
           the
           Feather
           ,
           it
           is
           the
           least
           of
           many
           other
           things
           to
           be
           regarded
           ,
           yet
           is
           it
           worthy
           some
           notice
           ;
           because
           for
           a
           good
           white
           you
           haue
           sometimes
           an
           ill
           gray
           ,
           yet
           surely
           it
           standeth
           with
           good
           reason
           ,
           euer
           to
           haue
           the
           Cocke
           feather
           blacke
           or
           gray
           ;
           as
           it
           were
           to
           giue
           a
           man
           warning
           to
           Nocke
           right
           .
           The
           Cocke
           Feather
           is
           that
           which
           standeth
           aboue
           in
           right
           Nocking
           ,
           which
           if
           you
           doe
           not
           obserue
           ,
           the
           other
           Feathers
           must
           needs
           runne
           on
           the
           Bow
           ,
           and
           so
           spoyle
           the
           shoote
           .
        
         
           Now
           concerning
           the
           setting
           on
           of
           the
           Feather
           ,
           you
           are
           principally
           to
           regard
           ,
           that
           your
           Feather
           be
           not
           drawne
           for
           hastinesse
           ,
           but
           pared
           with
           diligence
           and
           made
           streight
           .
           
           The
           Fletcher
           is
           sayd
           to
           draw
           a
           feather
           ;
           when
           he
           hath
           but
           one
           swap
           at
           it
           with
           his
           knife
           ,
           And
           he
           is
           said
           to
           pare
           it
           ,
           when
           he
           taketh
           leisure
           and
           heede
           to
           make
           euery
           part
           of
           the
           Ribbe
           apt
           to
           stand
           streight
           ,
           and
           euen
           vpon
           the
           Steele
           .
           This
           thing
           if
           a
           man
           doth
           not
           take
           heede
           of
           ,
           hemay
           chance
           to
           haue
           cause
           to
           say
           of
           his
           Fletcher
           ,
           as
           we
           say
           of
           good
           meat
           ill
           drest
           ;
           the
           Feathersare
           praise-worthy
           ,
           but
           the
           Fletcher
           too
           blame
           .
        
         
           The
           Rib
           in
           a
           stiffe
           feather
           may
           be
           drawne
           thinner
           ,
           for
           so
           it
           will
           stand
           cleaner
           ,
           on
           the
           shaft
           ,
           but
           in
           a
           weake
           feather
           you
           must
           leaue
           a
           thicker
           Rib
           ,
           for
           if
           the
           Rib
           w
           ch
           is
           the
           foundation
           ground
           whereon
           Nature
           hath
           set
           euery
           cleft
           of
           the
           feather
           be
           taken
           away
           too
           neare
           the
           feather
           ;
           It
           must
           needs
           follow
           ,
           that
           the
           feather
           shall
           fall
           and
           drop
           downe
           ,
           euen
           as
           an
           hearbe
           doth
           w
           ch
           hath
           his
           Root
           too
           
           neare
           taken
           away
           with
           the
           Spade
           .
        
         
           The
           length
           and
           shortnesse
           of
           the
           feather
           serueth
           for
           diuers
           purposes
           and
           diuers
           Shafts
           ,
           as
           a
           long
           feather
           for
           a
           long
           ,
           heauy
           and
           big
           Shaft
           ,
           the
           short
           Feather
           for
           the
           contrary
           ;
           againe
           the
           short
           may
           stand
           farther
           ,
           the
           long
           nearer
           the
           Nocke
           ,
           your
           Feather
           must
           stand
           almost
           streight
           on
           ,
           yet
           after
           that
           sort
           that
           it
           may
           turne
           round
           in
           flying
           ;
           Now
           here
           I
           consider
           the
           wonderfull
           nature
           of
           Shooting
           ,
           which
           standeth
           altogether
           by
           that
           fashion
           which
           is
           most
           apt
           for
           quicke
           moouing
           ,
           which
           is
           onely
           Roundnesse
           ;
           for
           the
           Bow
           must
           be
           gathered
           round
           in
           drawing
           ,
           it
           must
           come
           a
           Round
           compasse
           ,
           the
           String
           must
           be
           round
           ,
           the
           steele
           round
           ,
           the
           best
           nocke
           round
           ,
           the
           Feather
           shorne
           somewhat
           round
           ▪
           the
           Shaft
           in
           flying
           must
           turne
           round
           ,
           and
           if
           it
           flie
           farre
           it
           flyeth
           
           a
           round
           compasse
           ,
           for
           either
           aboue
           or
           beneath
           a
           Round
           compasse
           hindereth
           the
           flying
           ;
           Moreouer
           ,
           both
           the
           Fletcher
           in
           the
           making
           your
           Shaft
           ,
           and
           you
           in
           Nocking
           your
           Shaft
           ,
           must
           take
           he●●
           that
           two
           Feathers
           run
           equally
           on
           the
           Bow
           ,
           for
           if
           one
           Feather
           runne
           alone
           on
           the
           Bow
           ,
           it
           will
           quickly
           be
           worne
           &
           not
           able
           to
           match
           with
           the
           other
           Feathers
           ,
           besides
           at
           the
           loose
           (
           if
           the
           Shaft
           be
           light
           )
           it
           will
           start
           ,
           if
           it
           bee
           heauie
           it
           will
           hobble
           .
        
         
           To
           coule
           ,
           sheare
           or
           cut
           the
           Feathers
           of
           a
           shaft
           high
           or
           low
           ,
           it
           must
           be
           done
           according
           as
           the
           Shaft
           is
           light
           or
           heauie
           ,
           great
           or
           little
           ,
           long
           or
           short
           :
           The
           Swine-backed
           fashion
           maketh
           the
           Shaft
           dead
           ,
           for
           it
           gathereth
           more
           Ayre
           then
           the
           Saddle-backed
           doth
           ,
           therefore
           the
           Saddle-backe
           is
           surer
           for
           danger
           of
           weather
           ,
           and
           fitter
           for
           smooth
           ●●ing
           ;
           
           Againe
           ,
           to
           sheare
           a
           Shaft
           round
           ,
           as
           they
           were
           wont
           in
           former
           times
           to
           doe
           ,
           or
           after
           the
           Tryangle-fashion
           which
           is
           much
           vsed
           now
           ;
           in
           these
           times
           ,
           both
           are
           good
           :
           For
           Roundnesse
           is
           apt
           for
           flying
           of
           its
           owne
           nature
           ,
           and
           all
           manner
           of
           Tryangles
           ,
           (
           the
           sharpe
           point
           going
           before
           )
           is
           also
           apt
           for
           quicke
           entring
           ;
           and
           therefore
           sayth
           CICERO
           ,
           
           That
           Cranes
           taught
           by
           Nature
           ,
           doe
           in
           flying
           alwayes
           observe
           a
           Tryangle
           fashion
           ,
           because
           it
           is
           so
           apt
           to
           pierce
           and
           goe
           through
           the
           Ayre
           .
        
         
           Lastly
           ,
           plucking
           of
           Feathers
           is
           naught
           ,
           for
           there
           is
           no
           surety
           in
           it
           ,
           therefore
           let
           euery
           Archer
           haue
           such
           Shafts
           ,
           that
           hee
           may
           both
           know
           them
           and
           trust
           them
           vpon
           euery
           change
           of
           weather
           ;
           yet
           if
           they
           must
           needs
           be
           plucked
           ,
           pull
           them
           as
           little
           as
           can
           be
           ,
           for
           so
           shall
           
           they
           be
           lesse
           constant
           ;
           And
           thus
           I
           haue
           shut
           vp
           in
           a
           straight
           Roome
           ,
           what
           can
           be
           sayd
           of
           the
           best
           Feather
           ,
           feathering
           and
           fashioning
           of
           a
           perfect
           Shaft
           ,
           I
           will
           now
           proceed
           to
           the
           Head.
           
        
      
       
         
           CHAP.
           XI
           .
           Of
           the
           Arrow-head
           ,
           the
           Invention
           and
           seuerall
           vses
           .
        
         
           NECESSITIE
           ,
           the
           Inuenter
           of
           all
           goodnesse
           (
           as
           the
           best
           Authors
           affirme
           )
           amongst
           other
           things
           ,
           inuented
           the
           Arrow-head
           ;
           first
           ,
           to
           saue
           the
           end
           from
           breaking
           ,
           then
           made
           it
           sharpe
           ,
           that
           it
           might
           stick
           the
           better
           ,
           after
           made
           it
           of
           strong
           matter
           ,
           that
           it
           might
           continue
           longer
           ,
           and
           last
           of
           all
           ,
           experience
           ,
           and
           the
           wisedome
           of
           
           men
           hath
           brought
           it
           to
           such
           perfection
           ,
           that
           there
           is
           not
           any
           thing
           more
           profitable
           in
           all
           the
           Art
           of
           Archerie
           ,
           either
           to
           wound
           a
           mans
           enemie
           in
           the
           warre
           ,
           or
           pleasure
           himselfe
           and
           his
           friend
           ,
           by
           hitting
           the
           marke
           at
           home
           ,
           as
           is
           a
           right
           good
           Arrow-head
           ,
           for
           where
           the
           Shaft
           wanteth
           an
           head
           ,
           it
           is
           both
           vselesse
           and
           without
           esteeme
           .
        
         
           Seeing
           then
           ,
           the
           Head
           is
           of
           this
           necessity
           ,
           it
           is
           needfull
           that
           we
           apply
           our
           best
           powers
           in
           attaining
           them
           ;
           Heads
           for
           the
           warres
           of
           long
           time
           ,
           haue
           beene
           made
           not
           onely
           of
           diuers
           matters
           ,
           but
           also
           of
           diuers
           fashions
           .
           The
           Troians
           had
           heads
           of
           Iron
           ,
           as
           this
           verse
           spoken
           of
           Pandarus
           sheweth
           .
        
         
           Vp
           to
           the
           pappes
           ,
           his
           string
           did
           be
           pull
           ,
           his
           Shaft
           to
           the
           Iron
           —
        
         
         
           The
           Grecians
           had
           heads
           of
           Brasse
           ,
           as
           Homer
           saith
           ,
           
           Vlisses
           shafts
           were
           headed
           when
           he
           slew
           Antinous
           and
           the
           other
           wooers
           of
           Penelope
           ,
           and
           in
           another
           place
           of
           Homer
           ,
           it
           is
           playne
           ,
           that
           when
           Pandarus
           wounded
           Menelaus
           with
           his
           shaft
           ,
           
           that
           the
           head
           was
           not
           glewed
           on
           ,
           but
           tyed
           to
           the
           steele
           with
           a
           string
           ,
           which
           is
           also
           affirmed
           by
           the
           commentaries
           in
           Greeke
           ,
           whence
           I
           finde
           that
           Archers
           in
           those
           times
           carried
           theyr
           Shafts
           without
           heads
           till
           they
           had
           occasion
           to
           vse
           them
           ,
           and
           then
           set
           them
           on
           ;
           which
           Homer
           againe
           secondeth
           in
           the
           xxj
           th
           ,
           Booke
           of
           his
           Odisses
           ,
           where
           he
           tels
           how
           Penelope
           brought
           Vlisses
           Bow
           amongst
           her
           Suters
           ;
           that
           he
           which
           could
           bend
           and
           draw
           it
           might
           be
           her
           husband
           ,
           there
           (
           saith
           the
           Poet
           )
           attended
           on
           her
           a
           maid
           with
           a
           bag
           full
           of
           heads
           both
           of
           Iron
           and
           Brasse
           .
           The
           Scythians
           ;
           
           also
           vsed
           Brasse
           heads
           ,
           the
           Indians
           had
           heads
           of
           Iron
           ,
           the
           Aethiopians
           made
           heads
           of
           hard
           ,
           sharpe
           stones
           ,
           as
           Herodotus
           and
           Pollux
           affirme
           .
           The
           Germanes
           (
           as
           
             Cornelius
             Tacitus
          
           writes
           )
           had
           their
           Shafts
           headed
           with
           Bone
           ,
           and
           many
           countries
           ,
           both
           of
           old
           time
           &
           now
           ,
           vse
           heads
           of
           horne
           ;
           but
           to
           conclude
           with
           the
           truth
           it selfe
           ,
           Iron
           and
           Steele
           are
           of
           all
           other
           the
           most
           excellentest
           matter
           on
           which
           to
           make
           Arrow-heads
           .
           
             Iulius
             Pollux
          
           varieth
           from
           vs
           in
           the
           appellation
           of
           these
           things
           ,
           
           for
           he
           calleth
           the
           Feathers
           the
           head
           ,
           &
           this
           head
           that
           we
           speake
           of
           the
           point
           ;
           but
           the
           reconcilement
           is
           so
           easie
           ,
           wee
           need
           not
           argue
           it
           .
        
         
           The
           fashions
           of
           heads
           are
           as
           diuers
           as
           the
           matters
           whereon
           they
           haue
           beene
           made
           .
           The
           Ancients
           (
           saith
           Pollux
           )
           vsed
           two
           sorts
           of
           heads
           ,
           the
           one
           he
           calleth
           
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
          
           ,
           
           describing
           it
           thus
           ,
           that
           it
           had
           two
           points
           or
           Barbes
           looking
           backward
           to
           the
           Steele
           ,
           &
           the
           Feathers
           which
           is
           the
           same
           ,
           which
           we
           call
           heere
           in
           England
           a
           broad
           Arrow-head
           ,
           the
           other
           he
           calleth
           
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
          
           hauing
           ,
           two
           points
           stretched
           forward
           ,
           which
           we
           call
           heere
           a
           forked
           head
           ;
           Both
           these
           kind
           of
           heads
           were
           vsed
           in
           Homers
           dayes
           ,
           for
           speaking
           how
           Teucer
           vsed
           forked
           heads
           ,
           he
           saith
           thus
           to
           Agamemnon
           .
        
         
           Eight
           good
           shafts
           haue
           I
           shot
           since
           I
           came
           ,
           
           each
           one
           with
           a
           forked
           head
           —
        
         
           Pandarus
           and
           Vlisses
           vsed
           broad
           Arrow-heads
           ,
           Hercules
           vsed
           forked
           heads
           ,
           yet
           such
           as
           had
           three
           points
           or
           forkes
           .
           The
           Parthians
           in
           that
           great
           Battaile
           where
           they
           slew
           rich
           Crassus
           ,
           and
           his
           sonne
           ,
           
           vsed
           broad
           
           Arrow-heads
           ,
           which
           stucke
           so
           sure
           that
           the
           Romans
           could
           not
           pull
           them
           out
           .
           The
           Emperour
           Comodus
           vsed
           forked
           heads
           ,
           
           whose
           fashion
           Herodotus
           doth
           describe
           most
           liuely
           ;
           saying
           ,
           that
           they
           were
           like
           the
           shape
           of
           a
           new
           Moone
           ,
           wherewith
           he
           could
           cut
           off
           the
           head
           of
           a
           bird
           ,
           and
           not
           touch
           her
           body
           .
        
         
           But
           letting
           passe
           the
           customes
           of
           the
           Antients
           :
           Our
           English
           heads
           which
           we
           customarily
           vse
           in
           the
           warres
           ,
           are
           better
           then
           either
           forked
           heads
           or
           broad
           arrow
           heads
           ;
           for
           first
           ,
           the
           end
           being
           lighter
           they
           flye
           a
           great
           deale
           faster
           ,
           and
           by
           the
           same
           reason
           giue
           a
           farre
           more
           deadly
           blow
           ,
           and
           in
           my
           conceit
           (
           which
           is
           no
           Rule
           )
           if
           the
           little
           Barbs
           or
           Beards
           which
           they
           haue
           ,
           were
           taken
           away
           they
           would
           be
           farre
           better
           ,
           for
           this
           euery
           man
           
           will
           grant
           ,
           that
           a
           Shaft
           so
           long
           as
           it
           flyeth
           turneth
           ,
           and
           when
           it
           leaueth
           to
           turne
           ,
           it
           leaueth
           to
           flye
           any
           further
           ,
           and
           that
           euery
           thing
           which
           enters
           by
           a
           turning
           and
           boaring
           fashion
           ,
           the
           more
           flatter
           it
           is
           the
           worse
           it
           enters
           ,
           as
           a
           Knife
           though
           it
           be
           sharpe
           ,
           yet
           it
           cannot
           boare
           so
           well
           as
           a
           Bodkin
           ;
           therefore
           sayth
           Aristotle
           ,
           Nature
           made
           euery
           thing
           round
           ,
           that
           should
           pierce
           deepe
           ;
           so
           that
           I
           conclude
           ,
           eyther
           the
           Shaft
           doth
           not
           turne
           in
           flying
           ,
           or
           or
           else
           our
           flat
           heads
           are
           hinderances
           to
           the
           Shafts
           in
           entering
           .
           Now
           some
           may
           say
           ,
           that
           a
           flat
           head
           both
           makes
           a
           greater
           hole
           ,
           and
           stickes
           much
           faster
           :
           to
           this
           I
           say
           ,
           that
           both
           the
           reasons
           are
           true
           ,
           yet
           both
           insufficient
           ;
           for
           first
           ,
           the
           lesser
           the
           hole
           is
           (
           if
           it
           be
           deepe
           )
           the
           worse
           it
           is
           to
           heale
           ,
           and
           a
           man
           when
           hee
           shooteth
           against
           his
           enemy
           ,
           desireth
           
           rather
           that
           it
           should
           enter
           farre
           ,
           then
           sticke
           fast
           ;
           for
           what
           remedy
           is
           it
           I
           pray
           you
           ,
           for
           him
           that
           is
           smitten
           with
           a
           deep
           wound
           ,
           to
           pull
           out
           the
           Shaft
           quickly
           ,
           except
           it
           be
           to
           hasten
           his
           death
           ;
           thus
           heads
           which
           make
           a
           little
           hole
           and
           deepe
           ,
           are
           better
           in
           the
           Warre
           ,
           then
           those
           which
           make
           great
           and
           shallow
           ;
           though
           they
           sticke
           never
           so
           fast
           in
           .
        
         
           
             Iulius
             Pollux
          
           maketh
           mention
           of
           certaine
           heads
           for
           the
           warre
           ,
           
           which
           carryed
           fire
           in
           them
           ,
           
           and
           the
           Scripture
           also
           speaketh
           somewhat
           to
           that
           purpose
           :
           
           Herodotus
           speakes
           of
           a
           wonderfull
           Stratagem
           done
           by
           Xerxes
           ,
           at
           what
           time
           he
           besiedged
           the
           great
           Tower
           at
           Athens
           ,
           where
           hee
           made
           his
           Archers
           binde
           theyr
           Shaft
           heads
           about
           with
           Towe
           ,
           and
           then
           set
           it
           on
           fire
           ,
           and
           so
           shot
           them
           off
           :
           which
           being
           done
           by
           many
           ,
           
           set
           all
           the
           places
           on
           fire
           ,
           which
           were
           made
           of
           any
           matter
           that
           would
           burne
           :
           and
           besides
           so
           dazled
           the
           enemy
           ,
           that
           they
           knew
           not
           which
           way
           to
           turne
           them
           :
           But
           to
           finish
           these
           heads
           for
           Warre
           ,
           I
           would
           wish
           ,
           that
           all
           the
           Head-makers
           in
           England
           ,
           would
           make
           their
           Sheaffe-arrow
           heads
           more
           harder
           poynted
           then
           they
           be
           ,
           or
           else
           as
           they
           are
           now
           out
           of
           vse
           ,
           so
           they
           will
           bee
           without
           any
           power
           to
           hurt
           .
        
         
           Now
           as
           concerning
           heads
           for
           pricking
           ,
           which
           is
           one
           of
           the
           maine
           ends
           of
           this
           discourse
           ,
           they
           are
           reduced
           into
           diuers
           kinds
           ,
           some
           are
           blunt
           heads
           ,
           some
           sharpe
           ,
           some
           both
           blunt
           and
           sharpe
           .
        
         
           The
           blunt
           heads
           men
           vse
           ,
           because
           they
           finde
           them
           good
           to
           keepe
           a
           length
           ,
           and
           it
           is
           true
           that
           they
           keepe
           a
           length
           ,
           because
           a
           man
           
           pulleth
           them
           no
           further
           at
           one
           time
           then
           at
           another
           ,
           for
           in
           feeling
           the
           plumpe
           end
           alwayes
           equally
           ,
           hee
           may
           loose
           them
           ,
           yet
           in
           the
           Wind
           and
           against
           the
           Wind
           ,
           the
           weather
           hath
           so
           much
           power
           on
           the
           broad
           end
           ,
           that
           no
           man
           can
           keepe
           a
           certaine
           length
           truely
           ,
           with
           such
           an
           head
           :
           therefore
           a
           blunt
           head
           in
           a
           calme
           or
           downe
           Winde
           ,
           is
           very
           good
           ,
           otherwise
           ,
           none
           worse
           .
        
         
           A
           sharpe
           head
           at
           the
           end
           ,
           without
           any
           shoulders
           (
           I
           call
           that
           a
           shoulder
           ,
           which
           a
           mans
           finger
           may
           feele
           before
           it
           come
           to
           the
           poynt
           of
           the
           head
           )
           will
           pierce
           quickly
           through
           a
           Winde
           ;
           but
           yet
           it
           hath
           two
           discommodities
           ;
           the
           one
           ,
           that
           it
           will
           keepe
           no
           length
           ,
           because
           no
           man
           can
           pull
           it
           at
           a
           certainety
           ,
           but
           it
           will
           come
           more
           or
           lesse
           through
           the
           want
           of
           the
           shoulder
           ;
           and
           also
           ,
           because
           men
           are
           affrayd
           of
           the
           
           
           
           
           
           sharpe
           poynt
           ,
           for
           feare
           of
           setting
           it
           in
           the
           Bow
           ;
           The
           second
           discommodity
           is
           ,
           when
           it
           is
           lighted
           on
           the
           ground
           ,
           the
           small
           point
           will
           be
           euer
           in
           the
           danger
           of
           spoyling
           ,
           which
           thing
           of
           all
           others
           ,
           will
           soonest
           make
           a
           shaft
           to
           loose
           the
           length
           .
        
         
           Now
           when
           men
           perceiued
           that
           blunt
           heads
           were
           good
           to
           keepe
           a
           length
           ,
           but
           naught
           for
           a
           winde
           ;
           and
           sharpe
           heads
           good
           to
           pierce
           a
           wind
           withall
           ,
           but
           naught
           to
           keepe
           a
           length
           ,
           the
           head-makers
           (
           informed
           both
           by
           the
           Archers
           and
           the
           Artificers
           )
           and
           wisely
           weying
           the
           commodities
           and
           discommodities
           of
           both
           sorts
           of
           heads
           ,
           Inuented
           new
           files
           and
           other
           instruments
           wherewith
           they
           brought
           heads
           for
           pricking
           to
           such
           perfection
           ,
           that
           in
           one
           head
           they
           lodged
           all
           the
           excellencies
           which
           were
           in
           both
           the
           other
           ,
           
           without
           any
           discomoditie
           at
           all
           .
           These
           heads
           they
           call
           High-rigged
           ,
           Crested
           ,
           or
           Shouldred-heads
           ,
           or
           Siluer-spoone-heads
           ,
           for
           a
           resemblance
           they
           haue
           to
           the
           knobs
           vpon
           some
           Siluer-spoones
           .
           These
           heads
           are
           good
           both
           to
           keepe
           a
           length
           ,
           and
           also
           to
           pierce
           the
           weather
           with
           all
           .
           First
           ,
           to
           keepe
           a
           length
           withall
           ,
           because
           a
           man
           may
           certainely
           pull
           it
           to
           the
           shoulder
           euery
           shoote
           and
           no
           further
           ,
           then
           to
           pierce
           the
           wind
           withal
           ,
           because
           the
           point
           from
           the
           shoulder
           forward
           ,
           breaketh
           the
           weather
           as
           all
           other
           sharpe
           things
           doe
           ,
           so
           the
           blunt
           shoulder
           serueth
           for
           a
           sure
           length
           keeping
           ,
           and
           the
           poynt
           for
           passing
           through
           a
           rough
           and
           foule
           weather
           .
           And
           thus
           much
           for
           the
           matter
           ,
           shape
           and
           choyse
           of
           Heads
           .
        
         
           Now
           touching
           the
           setting
           on
           of
           the
           head
           ,
           albe
           it
           is
           the
           office
           of
           the
           
           Fletcher
           ,
           rather
           then
           the
           Archer
           ;
           yet
           it
           is
           within
           the
           compasse
           of
           your
           owne
           knowledge
           ,
           to
           aduise
           him
           to
           set
           your
           head
           full
           on
           or
           close
           on
           .
           Full
           on
           ,
           is
           when
           the
           wood
           is
           let
           hard
           vp
           to
           the
           end
           or
           stopping
           of
           the
           head
           ,
           and
           close
           ,
           is
           when
           there
           is
           wood
           left
           on
           euery
           side
           the
           shaft
           to
           fill
           the
           head
           withall
           ,
           or
           when
           it
           is
           neither
           too
           little
           nor
           too
           great
           ;
           If
           there
           be
           any
           fault
           in
           either
           of
           these
           points
           ,
           the
           head
           when
           it
           lighteth
           on
           a
           stone
           or
           the
           hard
           ground
           will
           be
           in
           danger
           eyther
           of
           breaking
           ,
           or
           some
           other
           mischiefe
           .
        
         
           Touching
           the
           stopping
           of
           heads
           with
           leade
           or
           any
           thing
           else
           ,
           I
           shall
           not
           need
           here
           to
           speake
           any
           thing
           ,
           because
           euery
           Siluer-spoone
           or
           should
           red
           head
           ,
           is
           stopped
           of
           it selfe
           .
        
         
           Short
           heads
           are
           better
           then
           long
           ,
           
           because
           the
           long
           head
           is
           worse
           for
           the
           workeman
           to
           file
           streight
           ,
           and
           more
           difficult
           to
           keepe
           in
           a
           true
           compasse
           euery
           where
           ;
           Againe
           ,
           it
           is
           worse
           for
           the
           Fletcher
           to
           set
           on
           streight
           ;
           and
           thirdly
           ,
           it
           is
           alwaies
           in
           more
           daunger
           to
           be
           broken
           :
           And
           thus
           I
           haue
           done
           with
           the
           particular
           Instruments
           ,
           I
           will
           now
           proceed
           to
           those
           which
           be
           Generall
           .
        
      
       
         
           CHAP.
           XII
           .
           Of
           the
           handling
           of
           Instruments
           ,
           the
           time
           when
           ,
           &c.
           
        
         
           TOuching
           the
           handling
           of
           Instruments
           which
           appertaine
           to
           the
           Art
           of
           Archerie
           ,
           you
           must
           ,
           vnderstand
           ,
           that
           to
           learne
           or
           do
           any
           thing
           with
           a
           mans
           hands
           ,
           excellently
           or
           handsomely
           ,
           or
           with
           an
           handsome
           excellence
           )
           it
           
           will
           aske
           the
           expence
           of
           long
           time
           and
           much
           practise
           ;
           therefore
           hee
           that
           will
           approach
           to
           this
           perfection
           (
           especially
           in
           shooting
           )
           must
           begin
           in
           his
           youth
           or
           child-hood
           ;
           all
           creatures
           how
           wild
           or
           fierce
           soeuer
           ,
           are
           by
           cunning
           handling
           tamed
           ,
           especially
           when
           they
           bee
           young
           ;
           and
           as
           it
           is
           in
           naturall
           things
           ,
           so
           it
           is
           also
           in
           those
           which
           be
           artificiall
           .
           The
           Potter
           can
           mold
           and
           cast
           his
           pots
           ,
           to
           any
           forme
           he
           pleaseth
           ,
           when
           his
           clay
           is
           new
           ,
           soft
           ,
           and
           workeable
           ,
           and
           the
           waxe
           will
           take
           any
           print
           when
           it
           is
           warme
           and
           plyable
           ;
           but
           when
           eyther
           the
           one
           or
           the
           other
           is
           old
           ,
           hard
           ,
           and
           of
           no
           yeilding
           quality
           ,
           they
           are
           fitte●
           for
           the
           Dunghill
           then
           our
           Industry
           ▪
           So
           man
           in
           his
           youth
           ,
           both
           with
           wit
           and
           body
           ,
           is
           most
           apt
           and
           plyable
           to
           receiue
           any
           cunning
           that
           can
           be
           taught
           him
           ;
           especially
           ,
           this
           
           Art
           of
           Shooting
           :
           therefore
           he
           that
           will
           come
           to
           the
           perfection
           thereof
           ,
           must
           needs
           begin
           and
           practise
           in
           his
           youth
           ,
           for
           it
           is
           an
           Art
           ,
           and
           will
           aske
           at
           least
           a
           full
           Prentiship
           .
        
         
           Yet
           mistake
           me
           not
           ,
           for
           I
           speake
           not
           this
           to
           disharten
           any
           man
           from
           the
           practise
           of
           shooting
           ,
           which
           hath
           neglected
           it
           in
           his
           younger
           yeares
           ;
           for
           I
           am
           so
           farre
           from
           it
           ,
           that
           I
           will
           proue
           ,
           Wisedome
           may
           worke
           the
           same
           thing
           in
           a
           man
           ,
           which
           Nature
           doth
           in
           a
           Child
           .
        
         
           A
           child
           ,
           by
           3.
           things
           is
           brought
           to
           excellency
           ;
           to
           wit
           ,
           
             Aptnesse
             ,
             Desire
          
           ,
           and
           Feare
           :
           First
           ,
           Aptnesse
           maketh
           him
           plyant
           like
           Waxe
           ,
           to
           be
           formed
           a●d
           fashioned
           to
           any
           thing
           ;
           Desire
           inflameth
           him
           to
           striue
           to
           equall
           or
           excell
           others
           ,
           in
           noble
           actions
           :
           and
           Feare
           of
           them
           whom
           he
           is
           vnder
           ,
           will
           make
           him
           labour
           ,
           and
           take
           greater
           paine
           with
           
           diligent
           heed
           in
           learning
           any
           thing
           ,
           whereof
           proceedeth
           at
           the
           least
           ,
           Excellencie
           and
           Perfection
           :
           And
           as
           thus
           ,
           so
           a
           man
           may
           by
           wisedome
           (
           in
           learning
           any
           thing
           and
           especially
           to
           shoote
           )
           haue
           three
           like
           commodities
           also
           ,
           whereby
           hee
           may
           (
           as
           it
           were
           )
           become
           young
           againe
           ,
           and
           so
           attaine
           to
           perfection
           .
           For
           what
           Aptnesse
           worketh
           in
           a
           Child
           ,
           that
           the
           vse
           of
           weake
           Bowes
           will
           worke
           in
           a
           man
           ;
           being
           vnderneath
           his
           strength
           ,
           and
           so
           easie
           that
           hee
           may
           come
           to
           faire
           shooting
           at
           his
           pleasure
           ,
           prouided
           he
           flacke
           not
           his
           practise
           ;
           for
           vse
           is
           that
           which
           will
           bring
           him
           both
           to
           faire
           shooting
           ,
           and
           at
           ▪
           last
           ,
           to
           strong
           shooting
           ;
           next
           what
           ,
           Desire
           prouoketh
           in
           a
           Childe
           ,
           that
           let
           Shamefastnesse
           worke
           in
           a
           man
           ;
           and
           lastly
           ,
           the
           paine
           that
           Feare
           maketh
           a
           Boy
           vndergoe
           ;
           that
           ,
           let
           the
           loue
           of
           shooting
           ,
           
           excell
           and
           ouergoe
           in
           a
           man
           ,
           and
           without
           these
           ,
           there
           cannot
           bee
           any
           perfection
           :
           Thus
           you
           see
           ,
           whatsoeuer
           a
           Childe
           can
           be
           taught
           by
           
             Aptnesse
             ,
             Desire
          
           ,
           and
           Feare
           ,
           that
           may
           a
           man
           attaine
           vnto
           ,
           by
           the
           vse
           of
           
             Weake
             Bowes
             ,
             Shamefastnesse
          
           ,
           and
           Loue
           ;
           according
           to
           that
           of
           
             Cicero
             ,
             That
             vse
             is
             a
             second
             Nature
             :
          
           and
           I
           dare
           be
           bold
           to
           affirme
           ,
           that
           whosoeuer
           (
           which
           is
           of
           abilitie
           )
           will
           begin
           ,
           and
           constantly
           perseuere
           ,
           shall
           in
           the
           end
           ,
           without
           question
           be
           an
           Archer
           .
        
      
       
         
         
           CHAP.
           XIII
           .
           Of
           comely
           Shooting
           ,
           the
           Benefit
           and
           meanes
           ,
           with
           the
           Faults
           .
        
         
           ALthough
           the
           best
           shooting
           ,
           is
           that
           which
           is
           most
           comely
           ,
           and
           that
           they
           are
           such
           Adjuncts
           as
           cannot
           bee
           divided
           ;
           yet
           Cicero
           tels
           me
           ,
           that
           as
           the
           chiefe
           poynt
           and
           most
           to
           bee
           sought
           ,
           is
           Comelinesse
           ,
           so
           this
           comelinesse
           only
           ,
           can
           neuer
           be
           taught
           by
           any
           Art
           or
           Craft
           ,
           but
           may
           bee
           perceiued
           well
           when
           it
           is
           done
           ,
           not
           described
           wel
           ,
           how
           it
           should
           be
           done
           .
           Neuerthelesse
           ,
           there
           are
           many
           wayes
           to
           attaine
           vnto
           it
           ,
           which
           wise
           men
           haue
           assayed
           ,
           and
           though
           not
           absolutely
           in
           it
           ,
           yet
           in
           other
           matters
           of
           like
           consequence
           ▪
           as
           thus
           ,
           it
           is
           written
           ,
           of
           Xeuxes
           ,
           that
           taking
           vpon
           
           him
           to
           paint
           Helena
           in
           all
           her
           perfection
           ,
           chose
           out
           fiue
           of
           the
           fairest
           Maides
           in
           all
           his
           Country
           ,
           and
           in
           beholding
           them
           ,
           conceiued
           and
           drew
           out
           such
           a
           Picture
           ,
           that
           it
           far
           exceeded
           all
           the
           pieces
           ,
           that
           euer
           went
           before
           it
           ;
           because
           the
           perfections
           of
           all
           those
           fiue
           ,
           was
           drawn
           into
           one
           portraiture
           :
           So
           likewise
           in
           shooting
           ,
           if
           a
           man
           would
           set
           before
           his
           eyes
           ,
           fiue
           or
           sixe
           of
           the
           fairest
           and
           best
           approoued
           Archers
           ,
           that
           euer
           he
           saw
           shoote
           ,
           and
           of
           one
           learne
           to
           stand
           ,
           of
           another
           to
           draw
           ,
           of
           another
           to
           loose
           ,
           and
           so
           take
           frō
           euery
           man
           ,
           what
           euery
           man
           could
           doe
           best
           ;
           I
           dare
           be
           bold
           to
           say
           ,
           he
           should
           come
           to
           such
           perfection
           in
           comelinesse
           ,
           as
           neuer
           yet
           any
           man
           attained
           vnto
           .
           But
           it
           may
           be
           you
           will
           expect
           ,
           because
           I
           haue
           chosen
           that
           Theame
           ,
           that
           necessarily
           I
           ought
           to
           speake
           something
           ,
           in
           the
           
           way
           of
           instruction
           thereunto
           ,
           but
           truely
           I
           must
           answer
           you
           ,
           that
           I
           can
           teach
           you
           to
           shoot
           fayre
           ,
           as
           Socrates
           once
           taught
           a
           man
           to
           know
           God
           ,
           for
           when
           he
           asked
           him
           what
           God
           was
           ,
           nay
           (
           sayd
           he
           )
           I
           can
           better
           tell
           you
           what
           God
           is
           not
           ,
           as
           God
           is
           not
           euill
           ,
           &c.
           
           Euen
           so
           can
           I
           say
           of
           faire
           shooting
           ,
           that
           it
           hath
           not
           this
           nor
           that
           discommodity
           ,
           &
           so
           drayning
           from
           it
           all
           discommodities
           in
           the
           end
           ,
           leaue
           nothing
           behinde
           but
           faire
           shooting
           .
           And
           to
           doe
           this
           the
           better
           ,
           you
           must
           remember
           ;
           that
           in
           the
           beginning
           ,
           when
           I
           described
           generally
           the
           whole
           nature
           of
           Shooting
           ,
           I
           told
           you
           that
           faire
           Shooting
           did
           proceed
           from
           these
           fiue
           seuerall
           
             Postures
             :
             Standing
             ,
             Nocking
             ,
             Drawing
             ,
             Holding
             ,
          
           and
           Loosing
           :
           all
           which
           ,
           I
           will
           goe
           ouer
           as
           succinctly
           and
           briefly
           as
           I
           can
           ,
           describing
           the
           discommodities
           
           that
           men
           commonly
           vse
           in
           all
           parts
           of
           theyr
           bodyes
           ,
           when
           they
           imploy
           them
           to
           these
           Actions
           ,
           so
           that
           at
           any
           time
           when
           you
           shall
           erre
           or
           offend
           in
           any
           of
           the
           motions
           ,
           you
           shall
           both
           speedily
           apprehend
           it
           ,
           and
           with
           as
           great
           diligence
           amend
           it
           .
        
         
           Faults
           in
           Archers
           ,
           doe
           exceed
           the
           number
           of
           Archers
           ,
           and
           they
           prodeed
           from
           the
           vse
           of
           shooting
           without
           teaching
           ;
           For
           Custome
           and
           vse
           separated
           from
           knowledge
           ,
           and
           learning
           ,
           doth
           not
           onely
           hurt
           shooting
           ,
           but
           the
           most
           materiall
           &
           weightiest
           Actions
           in
           the
           world
           ;
           and
           therefore
           ,
           I
           wonder
           much
           at
           those
           people
           ,
           which
           will
           offer
           to
           be
           the
           maintainers
           of
           vses
           and
           customes
           ,
           without
           knowledge
           ,
           hauing
           no
           other
           wordes
           in
           their
           mouthes
           but
           these
           ,
           
             Vse
             ,
             Vse
             ,
             Custome
             ,
             Custome
          
           ;
           which
           besides
           diuers
           
           other
           discommodities
           ,
           brings
           with
           it
           this
           mischiefe
           ,
           that
           it
           takes
           from
           a
           man
           all
           hope
           of
           amendment
           .
        
         
           There
           is
           nothing
           more
           true
           ,
           then
           that
           in
           shooting
           ,
           Vse
           is
           the
           onely
           cause
           of
           all
           the
           faults
           therin
           ;
           whēce
           it
           comes
           ,
           that
           Children
           are
           more
           easily
           and
           sooner
           taught
           to
           shoot
           excellently
           then
           Men
           ;
           because
           Children
           may
           bee
           taught
           to
           shoot
           well
           at
           the
           first
           :
           Men
           haue
           more
           trouble
           to
           vnlearne
           theyr
           euil
           Customes
           ,
           then
           they
           haue
           labour
           afterward
           to
           come
           to
           good
           Shooting
           .
        
         
           All
           the
           discommodities
           ,
           which
           ill
           custom
           hath
           grafted
           in
           Archers
           ,
           can
           neyther
           be
           quickly
           pulled
           out
           ,
           nor
           yet
           soone
           reckoned
           by
           mee
           ,
           they
           are
           so
           many
           ;
           For
           one
           shooteth
           his
           head
           forward
           ,
           as
           if
           hee
           would
           byte
           the
           Marke
           ,
           another
           ,
           
           stareth
           with
           his
           Eyes
           ,
           as
           if
           they
           should
           flye
           after
           his
           Arrow
           ;
           another
           ,
           winketh
           with
           one
           eye
           &
           openeth
           the
           other
           ,
           as
           if
           hee
           shot
           in
           a
           Stone-bow
           ;
           one
           maketh
           a
           sowre
           face
           ,
           another
           a
           wry
           countenance
           ;
           one
           bleereth
           out
           his
           tongue
           ,
           another
           biteth
           his
           lip
           ,
           &
           another
           holdeth
           his
           Necke
           awry
           ;
           In
           drawing
           ,
           some
           fetch
           such
           a
           Compasse
           ,
           as
           if
           they
           would
           turne
           about
           ,
           and
           blesse
           the
           Field
           ,
           others
           haue
           their
           hand
           now
           vp
           ,
           now
           downe
           ,
           that
           a
           man
           cannot
           discerne
           whereat
           they
           would
           shoote
           ,
           another
           waggeth
           the
           upper
           end
           of
           his
           Bow
           one
           way
           ,
           &
           the
           neather
           end
           another
           :
           another
           will
           stand
           poynting
           his
           shaft
           at
           the
           marke
           a
           good
           space
           ,
           and
           by
           &
           by
           he
           will
           giue
           him
           a
           whip
           &
           away
           ,
           ere
           any
           man
           is
           aware
           ,
           another
           will
           make
           such
           a
           wrastling
           and
           strugling
           with
           his
           Instruments
           ,
           as
           
           
           
           
           
           if
           he
           were
           able
           shoote
           no
           more
           as
           long
           as
           he
           liued
           ;
           Anothet
           draweth
           his
           shaft
           softly
           to
           the
           midst
           ,
           and
           by
           and
           byit
           is
           gone
           you
           cannot
           tell
           how
           ;
           Another
           draweth
           his
           shaft
           low
           at
           the
           brest
           as
           if
           he
           would
           shoote
           a
           rooueing
           marke
           ,
           and
           presently
           he
           lifteth
           vp
           his
           hand
           prick-height
           ;
           Another
           maketh
           a
           a
           wrinching
           or
           cringing
           with
           his
           Back
           ,
           as
           though
           a
           man
           pinched
           him
           behind
           ;
           Another
           cowreth
           downe
           and
           thrusts
           out
           his
           Buttocks
           ,
           as
           if
           he
           were
           shooting
           at
           Crowes
           ;
           Another
           setteth
           forward
           his
           left
           leg
           ,
           and
           draweth
           backe
           with
           his
           Necke
           and
           shoulders
           ,
           as
           if
           he
           were
           pulling
           at
           a
           rope
           or
           else
           were
           afraid
           of
           the
           marke
           ;
           Another
           draweth
           his
           shaft
           well
           vntill
           within
           two
           fingers
           of
           the
           head
           ,
           and
           then
           he
           stayeth
           a
           little
           to
           looke
           at
           his
           marke
           ,
           which
           done
           ,
           he
           pulleth
           it
           vp
           to
           the
           head
           and
           so
           
           looseth
           ,
           which
           manner
           of
           shooting
           although
           some
           excellent
           Archers
           doe
           vse
           it
           ,
           yet
           it
           is
           a
           Fault
           ;
           and
           good
           mens
           faultes
           are
           not
           to
           be
           Imitated
           .
        
         
           Once
           I
           heard
           of
           a
           man
           ,
           which
           vsed
           a
           Bracer
           on
           his
           cheeke
           ,
           otherwise
           he
           had
           torne
           all
           the
           skin
           from
           one
           side
           of
           his
           face
           with
           his
           drawing-hand
           ,
           Another
           I
           haue
           seene
           ,
           which
           at
           euery
           shoote
           after
           the
           loose
           would
           lift
           vp
           his
           leg
           so
           farre
           that
           he
           was
           euer
           in
           danger
           of
           falling
           ;
           Some
           will
           stampe
           forward
           and
           some
           leape
           backward
           ,
           and
           all
           these
           faults
           are
           eyther
           in
           drawing
           or
           loosing
           ,
           with
           a
           world
           of
           others
           ,
           which
           any
           man
           may
           easily
           perceiue
           and
           so
           endeauour
           to
           avoide
           them
           :
        
         
           Now
           there
           be
           other
           faults
           after
           the
           shaft
           is
           gone
           from
           the
           Bow
           ,
           which
           onely
           euill
           custome
           hath
           
           brought
           vpon
           men
           ,
           of
           which
           the
           worst
           is
           ,
           when
           men
           will
           cry
           after
           their
           shafts
           either
           with
           execrations
           or
           other
           vnseemely
           words
           ,
           much
           vnfit
           for
           so
           honest
           a
           Recreation
           ;
           questionalesse
           such
           words
           are
           the
           Symptoms
           of
           an
           euill
           mind
           ,
           and
           display
           a
           man
           that
           is
           subiect
           to
           immeasurable
           affections
           ;
           good-mens
           eares
           doe
           abhorre
           them
           ,
           and
           an
           honest
           man
           will
           avoyd
           them
           .
           Now
           besides
           these
           ,
           there
           be
           others
           ,
           which
           haue
           others
           faults
           ;
           as
           some
           will
           take
           there
           Bow
           and
           writh
           and
           wring
           itto
           pull
           in
           there
           shaft
           when
           it
           flieth
           wide
           ,
           as
           if
           he
           droue
           a
           cart
           ;
           some
           wil
           giue
           two
           or
           three
           strides
           forward
           dauncing
           and
           hopping
           after
           his
           shaft
           ,
           as
           long
           as
           it
           flyeth
           ;
           some
           with
           feare
           to
           be
           too
           farre
           gone
           runne
           backward
           as
           it
           were
           to
           pull
           their
           shaft
           backe
           ,
           another
           runneth
           forward
           ,
           when
           he
           feareth
           to
           be
           short
           
           heauing
           after
           his
           Armes
           as
           though
           he
           would
           helpe
           the
           Arrow
           to
           flye
           ;
           another
           runs
           aside
           to
           pull
           his
           Shaft
           streight
           ,
           one
           lifteth
           vp
           his
           heele
           &
           so
           holds
           it
           till
           the
           shaft
           be
           falne
           ,
           another
           casteth
           his
           Arme
           backward
           after
           the
           loose
           ,
           and
           another
           swings
           his
           Bow
           about
           him
           like
           a
           whi●ler
           before
           a
           Pageant
           to
           make
           roome
           ;
           with
           a
           world
           of
           other
           errors
           ,
           now
           out
           of
           my
           remembrance
           .
           All
           which
           ,
           Montaigne
           in
           one
           of
           his
           Essayes
           ,
           cals
           the
           Discharging
           of
           passions
           vpon
           a
           wrong
           subiect
           .
           Now
           these
           Antick
           gestures
           ,
           disfigure
           and
           take
           away
           all
           comlinesse
           from
           this
           noble
           action
           ;
           So
           ,
           that
           Archer
           which
           is
           voyd
           of
           all
           these
           crimes
           ,
           cannot
           but
           possesse
           the
           perfection
           of
           comlines
           in
           this
           Art
           ,
           which
           how
           soeuer
           it
           cannot
           be
           exprest
           to
           the
           life
           ,
           in
           words
           ,
           yet
           (
           I
           will
           according
           to
           my
           small
           knowledge
           )
           giue
           you
           some
           
           small
           Character
           thereof
           ,
           which
           if
           any
           man
           shall
           please
           to
           follow
           ,
           though
           I
           cannot
           make
           him
           vtterly
           Faultlesse
           ,
           yet
           his
           Faults
           shall
           neither
           quickly
           be
           perceiued
           ,
           nor
           yet
           greatly
           rebuked
           .
           And
           this
           method
           I
           will
           draw
           from
           these
           fiue
           principall
           
             Postures
             ;
             Standing
             ,
             Nocking
             ,
             Drawing
             ,
             Holding
             ,
          
           and
           Loosing
           ,
           which
           being
           done
           in
           perfection
           ,
           containe
           the
           Substance
           of
           all
           faire
           Shooting
           .
        
      
       
         
           CHAP.
           XIIII
           .
           Of
           the
           first
           Posture
           ,
           which
           is
           Standing
           .
        
         
           THe
           first
           Posture
           or
           Poynt
           which
           a
           man
           ought
           to
           obserue
           when
           he
           goeth
           about
           to
           Shoote
           ,
           is
           to
           take
           such
           Footing
           and
           Standing
           ,
           as
           shall
           be
           both
           
           comely
           to
           the
           eye
           ,
           and
           profitable
           for
           the
           action
           he
           hath
           in
           hand
           ,
           setting
           his
           countenance
           and
           all
           other
           parts
           of
           his
           body
           ,
           after
           such
           a
           gesture
           and
           port
           ,
           that
           both
           all
           his
           Strength
           may
           be
           imployed
           to
           his
           owne
           most
           absolute
           aduantage
           ,
           and
           his
           Shoote
           made
           and
           handled
           to
           the
           high
           contentment
           and
           delight
           of
           euery
           well
           judging
           beholder
           ;
           And
           first
           ,
           a
           man
           must
           not
           goe
           to
           it
           too
           hastily
           ,
           for
           that
           is
           Rashnesse
           ,
           nor
           yet
           be
           too
           tedious
           or
           make
           too
           much
           a
           doe
           about
           it
           ,
           for
           that
           is
           Curiosity
           .
           Next
           ,
           the
           one
           foote
           must
           not
           stand
           too
           farre
           from
           the
           other
           least
           he
           stoop
           too
           much
           ,
           which
           is
           most
           vnseemely
           ;
           nor
           yet
           too
           neare
           together
           ,
           least
           he
           stand
           too
           streight
           vp
           ,
           for
           then
           he
           shall
           neyther
           vse
           his
           strength
           well
           ,
           nor
           stand
           as
           he
           ought
           ,
           stedfastly
           ;
           the
           meane
           betwixt
           both
           these
           must
           be
           kept
           .
           
           A
           thing
           more
           pleasant
           to
           behold
           when
           it
           is
           done
           ,
           then
           easie
           to
           be
           taught
           how
           it
           should
           be
           done
           .
        
      
       
         
           CHAP.
           XV.
           Of
           the
           second
           Posture
           ,
           which
           is
           Nocking
           .
        
         
           TO
           Nocke
           well
           ,
           is
           the
           easiest
           point
           in
           all
           the
           Art
           of
           Archery
           ,
           and
           containeth
           no
           more
           but
           ordinary
           warning
           ,
           onely
           it
           requireth
           diligent
           heed
           giuing
           ;
           First
           in
           putting
           the
           Nock
           betweene
           your
           two
           first
           fingers
           ,
           then
           bringing
           the
           shaft
           vnder
           the
           String
           and
           ouer
           the
           Bow
           ,
           then
           to
           set
           the
           shaft
           neyther
           too
           high
           nor
           too
           low
           ,
           but
           euen
           and
           streight
           ouerthwart
           the
           Bow
           ;
           For
           vnconstant
           Nocking
           ,
           maketh
           a
           man
           loose
           his
           length
           ,
           and
           besides
           that
           ,
           if
           his
           Shaft
           hand
           bee
           
           high
           ,
           and
           the
           Bow
           hand
           low
           ,
           or
           otherwise
           if
           they
           be
           contrarily
           placed
           ,
           both
           the
           Bow
           is
           in
           danger
           of
           breaking
           ,
           and
           the
           Shaft
           if
           it
           be
           little
           ,
           will
           start
           ,
           and
           if
           it
           be
           great
           it
           will
           hobble
           .
        
         
           You
           must
           obserue
           euer
           ,
           to
           Nocke
           the
           Cocke
           Feather
           vpward
           ,
           as
           I
           told
           you
           before
           ,
           when
           I
           described
           the
           Feather
           ;
           and
           bee
           sure
           that
           the
           String
           slip
           not
           out
           of
           the
           Nocke
           ,
           but
           with
           your
           Thumbe
           before
           ,
           &
           a
           finger
           on
           each
           side
           behind
           ,
           hold
           it
           fast
           till
           it
           be
           drawne
           ,
           for
           should
           it
           happen
           otherwise
           ,
           all
           were
           in
           hazard
           of
           breaking
           .
        
      
       
         
         
           Chap.
           XVI
           .
           Of
           the
           third
           Posture
           ;
           which
           is
           Drawing
           .
        
         
           DRawing
           well
           ,
           is
           the
           best
           part
           of
           Shooting
           ;
           the
           Ancients
           in
           times
           past
           ,
           vsed
           another
           manner
           of
           drawing
           then
           we
           doe
           :
           For
           they
           drew
           low
           at
           the
           Brest
           ,
           and
           to
           the
           right
           Pap
           ;
           as
           is
           described
           by
           Homer
           :
           The
           noble
           women
           of
           Scythia
           ,
           vsed
           the
           same
           fashion
           of
           shooting
           low
           at
           the
           breast
           ,
           and
           because
           their
           left
           Paps
           hindered
           them
           ,
           they
           caused
           them
           to
           be
           cut
           away
           when
           they
           were
           young
           ,
           vpon
           which
           action
           ,
           they
           tooke
           to
           themselues
           the
           name
           of
           Amazons
           .
           But
           now
           in
           these
           dayes
           ,
           contrary
           to
           that
           custome
           ,
           we
           draw
           to
           the
           right
           Eare
           ,
           &
           not
           to
           the
           Pap
           ;
           
           now
           whether
           the
           old
           way
           in
           drawing
           low
           to
           the
           Pap
           ,
           or
           the
           new
           way
           to
           draw
           aloft
           to
           the
           eare
           ,
           bee
           better
           ;
           Percopius
           an
           excellent
           Greeke
           Author
           doth
           decide
           :
           
           shewing
           that
           the
           old
           fashion
           in
           drawing
           to
           the
           Pap
           was
           naught
           ,
           hauing
           no
           pyth
           in
           it
           ,
           and
           therefore
           (
           sayth
           he
           )
           is
           Artillery
           dispraised
           of
           Homer
           ,
           who
           calleth
           it
           weake
           ,
           and
           able
           to
           doe
           no
           good
           .
           But
           drawing
           to
           the
           Eare
           ,
           he
           greatly
           prayseth
           ,
           as
           a
           way
           whereby
           men
           shoot
           stronger
           ,
           longer
           ,
           and
           deeper
           ;
           drawing
           therefore
           to
           the
           Eare
           ,
           is
           better
           then
           to
           draw
           to
           the
           Breast
           :
           and
           now
           I
           call
           it
           into
           my
           minde
           ,
           I
           neuer
           read
           in
           any
           Author
           whatsoeuer
           ,
           of
           any
           other
           kinde
           of
           shooting
           ,
           then
           drawing
           with
           a
           mans
           hand
           eyther
           to
           the
           Breast
           ,
           or
           to
           the
           Eare
           ,
           and
           yer
           I
           haue
           turned
           ouer
           all
           
             Homer
             ,
             Herodotus
          
           ,
           and
           Plutarch
           ,
           which
           makes
           
           me
           not
           a
           little
           wonder
           ,
           how
           and
           when
           Crossebowes
           first
           came
           up
           ,
           seeing
           they
           are
           so
           forgotten
           by
           the
           best
           
             Historians
             :
             Leo
          
           the
           Emperor
           would
           haue
           his
           Souldiers
           draw
           quickly
           inward
           ,
           affirming
           it
           made
           a
           Shaft
           flye
           fast
           :
           but
           in
           shooting
           at
           Prickes
           ,
           hasty
           drawing
           is
           neyther
           sure
           nor
           comely
           .
           Therefore
           to
           draw
           easily
           and
           vniformely
           ,
           (
           that
           is
           to
           say
           )
           not
           wagging
           your
           hand
           vpward
           nor
           downeward
           ,
           but
           still
           obseruing
           one
           time
           and
           fashion
           ,
           vntill
           you
           come
           to
           the
           Ridge
           or
           shouldring
           of
           the
           Head
           ,
           is
           best
           both
           for
           profit
           ,
           skill
           and
           Comelynesse
           .
        
      
       
         
         
           CHAP.
           XVII
           .
           Of
           the
           fourth
           Postare
           :
           which
           is
           Holding
           .
        
         
           HOlding
           is
           an
           Action
           ,
           that
           must
           not
           bee
           of
           long
           continuance
           ,
           for
           to
           stand
           any
           time
           vpon
           it
           ,
           you
           put
           the
           Bow
           in
           danger
           of
           breaking
           ,
           and
           also
           spoyle
           your
           shoot
           ;
           It
           must
           be
           so
           little
           ,
           that
           it
           may
           be
           perceiued
           better
           in
           a
           mans
           mind
           and
           imagination
           ,
           when
           it
           is
           done
           ,
           then
           seene
           with
           a
           mans
           Eyes
           as
           it
           is
           doing
           :
           for
           in
           one
           moment
           ,
           the
           Shaft
           both
           approacheth
           to
           the
           Eare
           ,
           and
           departeth
           from
           the
           Bow.
           
        
      
       
         
         
           CHAP.
           XVIII
           .
           Of
           the
           Fifth
           Posture
           :
           which
           is
           Loosing
           .
        
         
           LOosing
           ,
           is
           of
           the
           Nature
           of
           Holding
           ,
           and
           asketh
           as
           speedie
           a
           motion
           ;
           for
           it
           must
           be
           so
           quicke
           and
           hard
           ,
           that
           no
           gyrd
           may
           be
           perceiued
           ;
           and
           againe
           ,
           so
           soft
           and
           gentle
           ,
           that
           the
           Shaft
           flye
           not
           as
           if
           it
           were
           sent
           out
           of
           a
           Bow-case
           :
           The
           meane
           betwixt
           both
           these
           (
           which
           is
           perfect
           loosing
           )
           is
           not
           so
           hard
           to
           be
           followed
           in
           shooting
           ,
           as
           it
           is
           hard
           to
           be
           described
           in
           teaching
           :
           If
           you
           will
           shoot
           fayre
           ,
           in
           Loosing
           you
           must
           take
           heed
           of
           hitting
           or
           touching
           any
           thing
           about
           you
           ;
           which
           caused
           Leo
           the
           Emperour
           ,
           to
           command
           all
           his
           Archers
           in
           Warre
           ,
           to
           haue
           their
           heads
           powled
           ,
           
           and
           their
           Beards
           shauen
           ,
           least
           the
           hayre
           of
           their
           head
           should
           hinder
           the
           sight
           of
           the
           Eye
           ,
           or
           the
           hayre
           of
           their
           Beards
           stop
           the
           course
           of
           the
           string
           ;
           a
           world
           of
           other
           Precepts
           there
           be
           ,
           but
           these
           I
           hold
           sufficient
           for
           fayre
           shooting
           .
        
      
       
         
           CHAP.
           XIX
           Of
           keeping
           a
           length
           ,
           of
           wind
           and
           weather
           .
        
         
           HAuing
           handled
           (
           as
           I
           hope
           )
           sufficiently
           this
           Theame
           of
           faire
           shooting
           ,
           there
           remaineth
           nothing
           now
           but
           shooting
           streight
           ,
           and
           keeping
           a
           length
           ,
           to
           make
           a
           man
           hit
           the
           marke
           ,
           which
           is
           the
           full
           end
           of
           this
           discourse
           ;
           now
           to
           shoot
           streight
           ,
           or
           keepe
           a
           length
           ,
           cannot
           be
           done
           without
           some
           excellent
           
           knowledge
           in
           the
           wind
           and
           Weather
           ,
           therefore
           I
           will
           ioyne
           them
           together
           ,
           and
           discoursing
           of
           each
           in
           their
           proper
           places
           ,
           shew
           what
           belongs
           to
           the
           keeping
           of
           a
           length
           ,
           and
           what
           to
           shooting
           streight
           .
        
         
           The
           greatest
           enemies
           to
           shooting
           ,
           are
           the
           winde
           and
           the
           weather
           ,
           by
           which
           true
           keeping
           a
           length
           is
           chiefly
           hindred
           ,
           which
           accident
           ,
           if
           it
           were
           not
           ,
           men
           by
           ordinary
           instruction
           might
           be
           brought
           to
           wonderfull
           neare
           shooting
           .
           For
           it
           is
           no
           maruaile
           if
           the
           little
           poore
           shaft
           ,
           being
           sent
           alone
           so
           high
           into
           the
           ayre
           amidst
           the
           rage
           of
           wind
           and
           weather
           ,
           one
           blast
           hurling
           it
           one
           way
           ,
           and
           another
           ,
           another
           .
           It
           is
           I
           say
           ,
           no
           maruaile
           if
           it
           both
           loose
           the
           length
           ,
           &
           misse
           the
           place
           where
           the
           Shooter
           had
           thought
           to
           haue
           found
           it
           .
           Greater
           matters
           then
           
           Shooting
           are
           vnder
           the
           rule
           of
           the
           weather
           ,
           and
           will
           of
           the
           winde
           ;
           as
           sayling
           on
           the
           Seas
           ,
           and
           things
           of
           like
           nature
           ,
           and
           as
           in
           Sayling
           the
           chiefest
           poynt
           of
           a
           good
           Master
           ,
           is
           to
           know
           all
           tokens
           ,
           which
           belong
           to
           the
           change
           of
           weather
           ,
           and
           the
           course
           of
           the
           Windes
           ,
           that
           thereby
           he
           may
           with
           more
           safety
           come
           to
           the
           Hauen
           ;
           euen
           so
           the
           best
           property
           of
           a
           good
           Shooter
           ,
           is
           to
           know
           the
           Nature
           of
           the
           Windes
           with
           him
           &
           against
           him
           ,
           by
           which
           he
           shall
           sooner
           hit
           the
           Marke
           .
           Wise
           Sea-masters
           ,
           when
           they
           cannot
           win
           the
           best
           Hauen
           ,
           are
           glad
           of
           the
           next
           that
           is
           good
           ;
           and
           Shooters
           ,
           although
           they
           cannot
           hit
           the
           marke
           ,
           will
           be
           glad
           ,
           and
           labour
           to
           come
           as
           neare
           as
           they
           can
           .
           All
           things
           in
           this
           World
           ,
           are
           imperfect
           and
           vnconstant
           ,
           therefore
           let
           euery
           man
           acknowledge
           his
           owne
           weaknesse
           ,
           
           and
           onely
           glorifie
           him
           which
           is
           all
           perfection
           .
           The
           Saylor
           that
           putteth
           forth
           in
           all
           weathers
           ,
           seldome
           escapes
           Shipwracke
           ,
           and
           the
           Shooter
           ,
           which
           maketh
           no
           difference
           of
           Seasons
           ,
           but
           holds
           all
           alike
           ,
           shall
           neyther
           boast
           of
           winnings
           nor
           of
           vertue
           .
           Little
           Boates
           and
           thinne
           Boards
           ,
           cannot
           indure
           the
           rage
           of
           Tempests
           ,
           and
           weake
           Bowes
           and
           light
           Shafts
           ,
           cannot
           stand
           in
           a
           rough
           Wind.
           And
           belieue
           it
           ,
           what
           Archer
           soeuer
           shooteth
           ignorantly
           ,
           considering
           neyther
           fayre
           weather
           nor
           foule
           ,
           true
           or
           false
           standing
           ,
           Nocking
           ,
           Feather
           ,
           nor
           Head
           ,
           Drawing
           nor
           Loosing
           ,
           nor
           yet
           any
           compasse
           ;
           shall
           alwayes
           shoot
           short
           and
           gone
           ,
           wide
           and
           farre
           off
           ,
           and
           neuer
           come
           neare
           ,
           except
           by
           chance
           hee
           stumble
           on
           the
           Marke
           ;
           For
           Ignorance
           is
           nothing
           else
           ,
           but
           absolute
           Blindnesse
           .
        
         
         
           A
           skilfull
           Archer
           will
           first
           with
           diligent
           vse
           and
           marking
           the
           Weather
           ,
           learne
           to
           know
           the
           Nature
           of
           the
           Wind
           ,
           and
           will
           with
           wisedome
           measure
           in
           his
           mind
           ,
           how
           much
           it
           will
           alter
           his
           shoot
           either
           in
           length
           keeping
           ,
           or
           in
           streight
           shooting
           ;
           &
           so
           with
           changing
           his
           standing
           ,
           or
           taking
           another
           Shaft
           which
           hee
           knoweth
           to
           bee
           fitter
           for
           his
           purpose
           ,
           eyther
           because
           it
           is
           lower
           feathered
           ,
           or
           else
           of
           a
           better
           wing
           ,
           will
           so
           handle
           with
           discretion
           his
           Shoot
           ,
           that
           he
           will
           seeme
           rather
           to
           haue
           the
           weather
           vnder
           his
           rule
           by
           such
           care
           and
           circumspection
           ,
           then
           the
           Weather
           to
           rule
           his
           Shaft
           by
           any
           sodaine
           changing
           .
           Therefore
           in
           shooting
           ,
           there
           is
           as
           much
           difference
           ,
           betwixt
           an
           Archer
           that
           is
           a
           good
           Weather-man
           ,
           and
           him
           that
           knoweth
           nor
           obserueth
           any
           thing
           ,
           as
           is
           betwixt
           a
           blind-man
           and
           him
           that
           can
           see
           .
        
         
         
           Moreouer
           ,
           a
           perfect
           Archer
           must
           seriously
           learne
           to
           know
           the
           sure
           flight
           of
           his
           Shafts
           ,
           that
           he
           may
           be
           bold
           alwayes
           to
           trust
           them
           :
           Next
           ,
           he
           must
           learne
           by
           continuall
           experience
           to
           know
           all
           kind
           of
           weathers
           ,
           the
           signes
           when
           it
           will
           come
           ,
           the
           Nature
           when
           it
           is
           come
           ,
           the
           diuersity
           and
           alteration
           when
           it
           changeth
           ,
           and
           the
           decrease
           and
           diminishing
           when
           it
           ceaseth
           :
           These
           things
           thus
           knowne
           and
           obserued
           ,
           and
           euery
           shoot
           diligently
           pondred
           ,
           thē
           ought
           our
           Archer
           to
           compare
           the
           Weather
           and
           his
           Footing
           together
           ,
           
           and
           with
           discretion
           measure
           them
           ,
           so
           that
           whatsoeuer
           the
           Weather
           shall
           take
           away
           from
           his
           Shoot
           ,
           the
           same
           shall
           just
           footing
           restore
           againe
           ;
           This
           poynt
           well
           knowne
           ,
           and
           discreetly
           handled
           ,
           bringeth
           more
           profit
           and
           commendations
           to
           the
           Archer
           ,
           then
           any
           other
           secondary
           
           obseruation
           whatsoeuer
           .
        
         
           He
           that
           will
           know
           perfectly
           the
           Wind
           and
           Weather
           ,
           must
           put
           difference
           betwixt
           times
           ,
           and
           seasons
           ,
           for
           diuersitie
           of
           times
           cause
           the
           diuersity
           of
           weather
           .
           As
           in
           the
           whole
           yeare
           there
           are
           foure
           diuersities
           of
           times
           ,
           the
           Spring
           ,
           the
           Summer
           ,
           the
           Fall
           ,
           and
           Winter
           ,
           so
           likewise
           in
           one
           day
           ,
           there
           are
           also
           foure
           diuersities
           of
           Time
           ;
           the
           
             Morning
             ,
             Noone-●ide
             ,
             Afternoone
          
           and
           Euening
           ;
           and
           all
           these
           ,
           both
           alter
           the
           weather
           and
           change
           a
           mans
           Bow
           and
           Strength
           ,
           and
           to
           know
           that
           this
           is
           so
           ,
           is
           enough
           for
           an
           Archer
           ,
           and
           not
           to
           search
           the
           cause
           why
           it
           should
           be
           so
           ,
           for
           that
           is
           the
           office
           of
           the
           learned
           .
        
      
       
         
         
           CHAP.
           XX.
           Principall
           Obseruations
           from
           the
           Time
           of
           the
           yeare
           .
        
         
           IN
           considering
           the
           time
           of
           the
           year
           ,
           a
           wise
           Archer
           will
           follow
           a
           good
           Seaman
           ;
           In
           winter
           and
           rough
           weather
           ,
           small
           Boates
           and
           little
           Pinkes
           for
           sake
           the
           Seas
           .
           And
           at
           one
           time
           of
           the
           yeare
           ,
           no
           Gallyes
           come
           abroad
           .
           So
           likewise
           ,
           weake
           Archers
           vsing
           but
           small
           and
           hollow
           Shafts
           ,
           with
           Bowes
           of
           little
           pith
           ,
           must
           be
           content
           to
           giue
           place
           for
           a
           time
           ;
           yet
           I
           speake
           not
           this
           to
           discourage
           any
           weake
           Shooter
           ,
           for
           as
           there
           is
           no
           Shippe
           better
           then
           a
           Gally
           in
           a
           soft
           and
           calme
           Sea
           ,
           so
           no
           man
           shooteth
           more
           comely
           or
           nearer
           his
           marke
           ,
           then
           some
           weake
           
           Archers
           doe
           in
           a
           fayre
           and
           cleare
           day
           .
        
         
           Thus
           you
           see
           euery
           good
           Archer
           must
           know
           ,
           not
           onely
           what
           Bow
           and
           Shafts
           are
           fittest
           for
           him
           to
           shoote
           withall
           ,
           but
           also
           what
           times
           and
           seasons
           are
           meetest
           for
           him
           to
           shoote
           in
           .
           And
           truely
           in
           all
           other
           Matters
           ,
           and
           amongst
           all
           the
           degrees
           &
           estates
           of
           men
           ,
           there
           is
           no
           man
           that
           doth
           anything
           more
           discreetly
           for
           his
           commendations
           ,
           or
           more
           profitable
           for
           his
           owne
           aduantage
           ,
           then
           he
           which
           doth
           and
           will
           know
           perfectly
           for
           what
           matter
           ,
           Action
           and
           time
           he
           is
           most
           apt
           and
           fit
           ;
           And
           here
           (
           were
           it
           not
           variable
           from
           the
           discourse
           I
           haue
           in
           hand
           )
           I
           could
           enter
           into
           a
           large
           field
           of
           inuection
           ,
           against
           those
           which
           onely
           labour
           to
           struggle
           to
           turmoyle
           themselues
           in
           those
           matters
           and
           affaires
           which
           are
           neither
           
           fit
           for
           their
           capacities
           nor
           consonant
           to
           their
           bringing
           vp
           ;
           but
           
             Cinthius
             Aurem
             vellet
          
           ,
           I
           will
           turne
           againe
           to
           the
           Action
           of
           Shooting
           ,
           in
           which
           I
           will
           perswade
           all
           wise
           Archers
           ,
           alwayes
           to
           haue
           their
           instruments
           fit
           and
           obedient
           for
           their
           owne
           strength
           ,
           and
           then
           euermore
           to
           waite
           and
           attend
           for
           such
           time
           ,
           weather
           and
           seasons
           ,
           as
           is
           most
           agreeable
           with
           the
           action
           they
           goe
           about
           :
           Therefore
           ,
           if
           the
           weather
           be
           too
           violent
           and
           vnfit
           for
           your
           shooting
           ,
           leaue
           of
           for
           that
           day
           and
           attend
           a
           better
           Season
           ,
           For
           he
           is
           a
           Foole
           that
           will
           not
           goe
           when
           Necessity
           driueth
           .
        
         
           Yet
           to
           make
           some
           larger
           discription
           of
           the
           weather
           concerning
           shooting
           ,
           I
           would
           haue
           you
           remember
           (
           as
           I
           told
           you
           before
           )
           that
           in
           the
           whole
           yeare
           ,
           the
           
             Spring
             ,
             Summer
             ,
             Fall
          
           ,
           and
           Winter
           ;
           and
           in
           one
           
           day
           ,
           the
           
             Morning
             ,
             Noone
             ,
             Afternoone
          
           ,
           and
           Euening
           ,
           altereth
           the
           course
           of
           the
           weather
           ,
           the
           pith
           of
           the
           Bow
           ,
           and
           the
           strength
           of
           the
           man
           :
           And
           in
           euery
           one
           of
           these
           the
           weather
           altereth
           ;
           as
           sometimes
           windie
           ,
           sometimes
           calme
           ;
           one
           while
           cloudy
           ,
           another
           cleare
           ,
           sometimes
           hot
           ,
           sometimes
           cold
           ;
           the
           wind
           sometimes
           moyst
           and
           thicke
           ,
           sometimes
           ,
           dry
           and
           smooth
           ,
           &c.
           
        
         
           A
           little
           winde
           in
           a
           misty
           day
           stoppeth
           a
           shaft
           more
           then
           a
           good
           whistling
           wind
           in
           a
           cleare
           day
           ;
           nay
           I
           haue
           seene
           (
           when
           there
           hath
           bin
           no
           wind
           at
           all
           )
           the
           ayre
           so
           Misty
           and
           thicke
           ,
           that
           both
           the
           markes
           haue
           beene
           wonderfull
           great
           .
           And
           once
           I
           heard
           in
           Cambridge
           ,
           the
           down-markeat
           Tweluescore-prick
           ,
           for
           the
           space
           of
           three
           weekes
           was
           thirteenescore
           and
           an
           halfe
           ,
           and
           into
           the
           wind
           (
           not
           being
           very
           great
           
           a
           great
           deale
           aboue
           foureteenescore
           .
        
         
           The
           wind
           is
           sometimes
           plaine
           vp
           and
           downe
           ,
           which
           commonly
           is
           most
           certaine
           and
           requireth
           least
           knowledge
           or
           circumspection
           ,
           so
           that
           a
           meane
           Shooter
           with
           meane
           furniture
           (
           if
           he
           can
           shoote
           home
           )
           may
           make
           shift
           to
           doe
           well
           .
        
         
           A
           side-winde
           ,
           tryeth
           a
           good
           Archer
           and
           good
           Furniture
           ,
           for
           sometime
           it
           bloweth
           a
           loft
           ,
           sometime
           low
           by
           the
           Ground
           ,
           sometime
           it
           bloweth
           by
           blasts
           &
           sodaine
           gusts
           ,
           and
           sometime
           continueth
           all
           in
           one
           manner
           ,
           sometime
           a
           quarter
           wind
           with
           him
           ,
           &
           more
           &
           again
           ,
           as
           much
           against
           him
           ;
           all
           w
           ch
           ,
           by
           a
           man
           casting
           vp
           a
           little
           light
           grasse
           or
           otherwise
           by
           his
           owne
           experience
           ,
           shall
           easily
           finde
           out
           .
           To
           see
           the
           wind
           it
           is
           impossible
           ,
           the
           nature
           of
           it
           is
           so
           fine
           and
           subtill
           ,
           but
           by
           carefull
           obseruation
           
           a
           world
           of
           experience
           may
           be
           gathered
           ;
           especially
           in
           a
           Snow
           wherein
           one
           may
           perceiue
           ,
           that
           the
           wind
           goeth
           by
           streames
           and
           not
           whole
           together
           ,
           and
           in
           this
           Obseruation
           ,
           though
           the
           experience
           will
           breed
           in
           a
           man
           a
           greater
           admiration
           at
           the
           Nature
           of
           the
           winde
           ,
           then
           cunning
           in
           the
           knowledge
           of
           the
           winde
           ;
           yet
           thereby
           he
           shall
           learne
           ,
           that
           it
           is
           no
           wonder
           at
           all
           ,
           though
           the
           best
           Archers
           loose
           their
           length
           in
           shooting
           ,
           seeing
           the
           wind
           is
           so
           variable
           in
           blowing
           .
        
         
           The
           Master
           of
           a
           Ship
           ,
           be
           he
           ne●er
           so
           Skilfull
           ,
           may
           by
           the
           vncertainety
           of
           weather
           loose
           both
           life
           and
           goods
           ;
           no
           wonder
           then
           if
           a
           good
           Archer
           ,
           by
           the
           selfe
           same
           wind
           ,
           so
           variable
           in
           it
           owne
           nature
           ,
           and
           so
           insensible
           to
           our
           nature
           ,
           loose
           not
           onely
           a
           Shoote
           ,
           but
           a
           Game
           .
        
         
         
           The
           more
           deceiuable
           the
           Wind
           is
           ,
           the
           more
           care
           must
           the
           Archer
           haue
           of
           those
           beguilings
           ;
           hee
           that
           doth
           mistrust
           ,
           is
           seldome
           ouer-reached
           :
           for
           although
           hee
           cannot
           attaine
           to
           that
           which
           is
           best
           ,
           yet
           hee
           will
           be
           sure
           to
           auoyd
           that
           which
           is
           the
           worst
           .
        
         
           Againe
           ,
           besides
           these
           Winds
           ,
           you
           must
           take
           heed
           ,
           if
           at
           any
           time
           you
           see
           any
           Cloud
           appeare
           and
           gather
           by
           little
           and
           little
           against
           you
           ;
           or
           if
           a
           shower
           of
           Raine
           bee
           approaching
           ,
           for
           then
           the
           driuing
           of
           the
           Weather
           and
           the
           thickening
           of
           the
           Ayre
           will
           increase
           your
           Marke
           ,
           but
           when
           the
           Shower
           is
           gone
           ,
           and
           all
           things
           cleere
           and
           calme
           ,
           the
           Marke
           will
           be
           as
           it
           was
           at
           the
           first
           ,
           and
           you
           are
           to
           alter
           your
           shooting
           new
           againe
           .
        
         
           You
           must
           also
           take
           heed
           (
           when
           you
           shoot
           )
           whether
           one
           of
           the
           
           Markes
           or
           both
           ,
           standeth
           a
           little
           short
           ,
           or
           vnder
           the
           couert
           of
           an
           high
           Wall
           ,
           for
           there
           you
           may
           easily
           be
           beguiled
           ,
           as
           thus
           ;
           If
           you
           take
           Grasse
           ,
           &
           cast
           it
           vp
           to
           see
           how
           the
           Wind
           stands
           ,
           many
           times
           you
           will
           suppose
           to
           shoot
           downe
           the
           Wind
           ,
           when
           you
           shoot
           cleane
           against
           the
           Wind
           ,
           &
           there
           is
           a
           strong
           reason
           for
           it
           ;
           because
           the
           Wind
           which
           commeth
           against
           you
           ,
           at
           the
           wall
           ▪
           reboundeth
           backe
           againe
           ,
           and
           whirleth
           euen
           to
           the
           Pricke
           ,
           and
           sometimes
           much
           further
           ;
           and
           then
           turneth
           againe
           ,
           euen
           as
           a
           violent
           water
           doth
           against
           a
           Rocke
           ,
           or
           any
           other
           high
           Brey
           ;
           which
           example
           of
           water
           ,
           though
           it
           be
           more
           sensible
           to
           a
           mans
           eyes
           ,
           yet
           it
           is
           not
           more
           true
           then
           this
           of
           the
           Wind
           :
           Insomuch
           ,
           that
           the
           casting
           vp
           grasse
           (
           which
           should
           be
           a
           tel
           troth
           )
           will
           flye
           that
           way
           ,
           which
           indeed
           is
           
           the
           longer
           way
           ,
           and
           so
           easily
           deceiue
           the
           Archer
           which
           is
           not
           heedfull
           .
        
         
           To
           preuent
           this
           inconuenience
           ,
           it
           is
           good
           for
           you
           when
           you
           come
           in
           the
           midst
           ,
           betweene
           the
           Marks
           ,
           where
           the
           field
           is
           most
           open
           ,
           and
           the
           Wind
           at
           greatest
           liberty
           ,
           and
           there
           to
           cast
           vp
           eyther
           a
           Feather
           ,
           or
           some
           light
           Grasse
           ,
           and
           know
           how
           the
           Wind
           standeth
           ,
           which
           done
           ,
           to
           hye
           to
           the
           Pricke
           with
           all
           speed
           possible
           ,
           &
           according
           as
           you
           found
           the
           Wind
           in
           the
           Mid-way
           ,
           so
           to
           frame
           your
           shoot
           at
           the
           Marke
           .
        
         
           Take
           heed
           also
           ,
           when
           you
           shoot
           neare
           the
           Sea-coast
           ,
           although
           you
           are
           two
           or
           three
           miles
           from
           the
           Sea
           ,
           for
           there
           (
           if
           you
           be
           diligent
           to
           marke
           )
           you
           shall
           espy
           in
           the
           most
           cleere
           day
           ,
           wonderfull
           alterations
           ,
           which
           cause
           strange
           effects
           in
           shooting
           :
           And
           as
           thus
           neare
           the
           Sea
           ,
           
           so
           likewise
           take
           heed
           when
           you
           shoot
           neare
           any
           Riuer
           side
           ,
           especially
           if
           it
           ebbe
           and
           flow
           ,
           for
           if
           then
           you
           obserue
           the
           Tide
           ,
           the
           weather
           and
           accidents
           proceeding
           from
           them
           ,
           you
           can
           hardly
           be
           a
           looser
           .
           And
           thus
           (
           according
           to
           my
           weake
           knowledge
           )
           I
           haue
           shewed
           you
           the
           nature
           of
           the
           Wind
           and
           Weather
           ,
           wherein
           if
           any
           man
           find
           eyther
           defect
           or
           insufficiency
           ,
           I
           shall
           intreat
           him
           to
           amend
           it
           out
           of
           his
           owne
           much
           better
           Experience
           ;
           concluding
           the
           Chapter
           with
           this
           admonition
           ,
           of
           which
           I
           spake
           before
           ,
           that
           after
           the
           knowledge
           of
           the
           weather
           thus
           attained
           ,
           that
           then
           our
           Archer
           take
           heed
           to
           his
           Standing
           ,
           that
           hee
           may
           thereby
           win
           as
           much
           in
           the
           Ground
           ,
           as
           hee
           lost
           by
           the
           Weather
           .
        
      
       
         
         
           CHAP.
           XXI
           .
           Of
           gi●ing
           Ayme
           :
           the
           Ease
           and
           Errors
           .
        
         
           TOuching
           the
           giuing
           of
           Ayme
           I
           cannot
           tell
           well
           what
           to
           say
           ,
           onely
           that
           in
           a
           strange
           place
           ,
           it
           taketh
           away
           all
           occasion
           of
           foule
           play
           ,
           which
           is
           the
           onely
           commendations
           it
           can
           require
           :
           But
           in
           my
           Iudgement
           ,
           it
           hindereth
           the
           knowledge
           of
           Shooting
           ,
           and
           maketh
           men
           more
           negligent
           ;
           which
           eclipseth
           the
           former
           glory
           ;
           but
           allow
           it
           (
           as
           men
           would
           haue
           it
           )
           vsefull
           ,
           yet
           (
           though
           Ayme
           bee
           giuen
           neuer
           so
           )
           you
           must
           trust
           to
           your
           owne
           skill
           ,
           for
           you
           cannot
           take
           Ayme
           at
           another
           mans
           Shoot
           ,
           nor
           at
           your
           owne
           neyther
           ;
           because
           the
           Weather
           will
           alter
           in
           a
           minute
           ,
           and
           
           that
           sometimes
           at
           one
           Marke
           ,
           and
           not
           at
           the
           other
           ;
           and
           will
           trouble
           your
           Shaft
           in
           the
           Ayre
           ,
           when
           you
           can
           perceiue
           no
           Wind
           on
           the
           ground
           ,
           as
           I
           haue
           seene
           many
           shafts
           doe
           ,
           which
           haue
           tumbled
           aloft
           in
           a
           very
           faire
           day
           ;
           There
           may
           be
           faults
           also
           in
           Drawing
           and
           Loosing
           ,
           and
           many
           things
           else
           ,
           which
           are
           required
           in
           the
           keeping
           of
           a
           just
           length
           ;
           which
           though
           your
           Ayme
           be
           neuer
           so
           certaine
           ,
           yet
           your
           error
           may
           be
           vndiscouered
           :
           therefore
           make
           vse
           of
           your
           Ayme
           and
           your
           Iudgement
           ,
           by
           a
           serious
           discourse
           within
           your selfe
           ,
           and
           reconciling
           them
           by
           the
           ayde
           of
           your
           owne
           experience
           ,
           make
           them
           both
           vsefull
           and
           profitable
           :
           This
           I
           haue
           brought
           in
           as
           a
           Parenthesis
           ,
           not
           so
           much
           for
           the
           validity
           ,
           as
           that
           I
           would
           not
           leaue
           any
           thing
           forgotten
           .
        
      
       
         
         
           CHAP.
           XXII
           .
           Of
           taking
           true
           Standing
           ,
           that
           is
           aduantagious
           .
        
         
           THe
           next
           thing
           to
           the
           knowledge
           of
           the
           Weather
           ,
           is
           perfect
           Footing
           ,
           or
           taking
           a
           true
           aduantagious
           standing
           :
           Therefore
           ,
           in
           a
           side
           Wind
           ,
           you
           must
           stand
           somewhat
           crosse
           into
           the
           wind
           ,
           for
           so
           you
           shall
           shoot
           the
           furer
           ;
           when
           you
           haue
           taken
           yuour
           footing
           ,
           then
           looke
           vpon
           your
           shaft
           ,
           that
           neyther
           wet
           nor
           earth
           be
           left
           vpon
           it
           ,
           for
           that
           will
           make
           it
           loose
           the
           length
           ;
           looke
           also
           on
           the
           head
           ,
           lest
           it
           haue
           had
           any
           stripe
           at
           the
           last
           Shoot
           ,
           for
           a
           stripe
           against
           a
           stone
           ,
           many
           times
           will
           both
           spoyle
           the
           head
           ,
           crooke
           the
           Shaft
           ,
           and
           hurt
           the
           Feather
           ;
           the
           least
           of
           all
           which
           ,
           will
           make
           a
           man
           
           loose
           his
           length
           :
           which
           to
           repaire
           ,
           and
           for
           the
           auoydance
           of
           these
           generall
           euils
           ,
           which
           happen
           euery
           shoot
           ,
           I
           would
           haue
           our
           Archer
           to
           carry
           by
           his
           side
           ,
           a
           fine
           ,
           short
           ,
           close
           cōpact
           powch
           ,
           in
           which
           he
           should
           haue
           a
           Fyle
           ,
           a
           Stone
           ,
           a
           Hurfishskin
           ,
           and
           a
           cloth
           to
           wipe
           his
           shafts
           cleane
           vpon
           euery
           occasion
           ;
           These
           things
           must
           a
           man
           carefully
           looke
           vnto
           ,
           euer
           when
           he
           taketh
           vp
           his
           Shaft
           ,
           he
           must
           also
           take
           heed
           ,
           that
           the
           head
           be
           not
           made
           too
           smooth
           ,
           for
           that
           will
           make
           the
           Arrow
           flye
           too
           farre
           ,
           the
           meane
           therefore
           ,
           is
           best
           proportion
           ;
           the
           next
           to
           these
           things
           ,
           followeth
           the
           Bow
           ,
           the
           handling
           whereof
           ,
           I
           haue
           handled
           already
           ;
           as
           for
           Nocking
           ,
           Drawing
           and
           Loosing
           ,
           they
           are
           not
           vndiscussed
           ,
           I
           will
           but
           therefore
           rub
           your
           memory
           ouer
           with
           this
           Precept
           ,
           that
           to
           looke
           at
           the
           head
           of
           your
           
           Shaft
           at
           the
           Loose
           ,
           is
           the
           best
           help
           for
           keeping
           a
           length
           ,
           yet
           some
           are
           of
           opinion
           ,
           that
           it
           hindereth
           excellent
           shooting
           ,
           because
           a
           man
           hath
           then
           no
           certainty
           of
           shooting
           streight
           ,
           chiefly
           in
           that
           he
           beholds
           not
           his
           Marke
           ,
           but
           for
           mine
           owne
           part
           ,
           were
           I
           to
           shoot
           at
           a
           Lyne
           ,
           and
           not
           at
           a
           Marke
           ;
           I
           would
           alwayes
           looke
           at
           my
           Arrowes
           end
           .
           But
           of
           this
           I
           will
           speake
           more
           in
           the
           next
           Chapter
           ,
           and
           now
           conclude
           ,
           that
           who
           so
           marketh
           his
           Weather
           diligently
           ,
           keepes
           his
           Standing
           justly
           ,
           holds
           the
           Nocke
           truly
           ,
           drawes
           and
           looseth
           equally
           ,
           &
           keeps
           his
           compasse
           certainely
           ,
           can
           neuer
           misse
           his
           length
           .
        
      
       
         
         
           CHAP.
           XXIIII
           .
           Of
           Shooing
           streight
           ,
           and
           the
           Helpes
           .
        
         
           TOuching
           the
           Art
           to
           shoot
           streight
           ,
           I
           will
           first
           shew
           you
           what
           Lessons
           old
           Archers
           haue
           found
           to
           attaine
           therevnto
           ,
           and
           then
           ,
           what
           wayes
           are
           best
           to
           accomplish
           the
           same
           .
        
         
           As
           the
           Weather
           belongeth
           chiefly
           to
           the
           keeping
           a
           length
           ,
           yet
           a
           side-wind
           appertaineth
           to
           shooting
           streight
           ;
           and
           the
           nature
           of
           the
           Pricke
           also
           ,
           is
           to
           shoot
           streight
           ;
           The
           length
           or
           shortnesse
           of
           the
           Marke
           ,
           is
           alwayes
           vnder
           the
           Rule
           of
           the
           weather
           ,
           yet
           there
           is
           something
           in
           the
           Marke
           ,
           worthy
           to
           bee
           marked
           of
           an
           Archer
           .
        
         
           If
           the
           Pricke
           stand
           on
           a
           plaine
           
           streight
           ground
           ,
           they
           are
           the
           best
           to
           shoote
           at
           ;
           If
           the
           marke
           stand
           on
           an
           hill
           side
           ,
           or
           the
           ground
           be
           vnequall
           with
           hollownes
           and
           turning
           wayes
           betwixt
           the
           markes
           ,
           a
           mans
           eye
           will
           take
           that
           to
           be
           streight
           w●ch
           is
           crooked
           .
           The
           experience
           of
           this
           thing
           ,
           is
           seene
           in
           painting
           and
           other
           Arts
           ,
           where
           crookedlinesse
           appeare
           streight
           by
           shadowes
           :
           But
           to
           proceed
           ,
           the
           chiefe
           cause
           why
           a
           man
           cannot
           shoot
           ,
           is
           because
           they
           looke
           at
           their
           Shaft
           ,
           which
           fault
           commeth
           for
           want
           of
           instruction
           when
           a
           man
           is
           young
           ;
           for
           he
           that
           learnes
           to
           shoote
           by
           himselfe
           ,
           being
           afraid
           to
           pull
           the
           shaft
           out
           of
           the
           Bow
           ,
           looks
           still
           at
           his
           Arrow
           ;
           And
           custome
           confirmeth
           this
           Errour
           ,
           as
           it
           doth
           many
           other
           ,
           and
           men
           continue
           longer
           in
           this
           fault
           ,
           because
           it
           hath
           so
           good
           a
           vertue
           in
           the
           keeping
           of
           a
           length
           ,
           therefore
           to
           keepe
           
           this
           fault
           and
           yet
           shoote
           streight
           ,
           Some
           Archers
           haue
           found
           out
           this
           Inuention
           ,
           to
           espie
           a
           tree
           ,
           or
           an
           hill
           beyond
           the
           marke
           ,
           or
           else
           to
           haue
           some
           notable
           thing
           betwixt
           the
           markes
           on
           which
           he
           might
           fixe
           his
           eye
           &
           his
           hand
           :
           And
           ,
           that
           this
           is
           so
           ,
           there
           was
           once
           an
           excellent
           Archer
           which
           tooke
           all
           his
           implements
           ,
           his
           Quiuer
           and
           other
           necessaries
           &
           layd
           them
           in
           the
           mid-way
           betwixt
           the
           markes
           ,
           which
           the
           by-standers
           supposed
           he
           did
           for
           safety
           sake
           ,
           but
           the
           end
           of
           his
           drift
           was
           to
           make
           him
           shoote
           streight
           ;
           there
           be
           other
           Archers
           which
           will
           espy
           a
           marke
           a
           Bow
           wide
           off
           the
           pricke
           ,
           and
           then
           place
           himselfe
           on
           that
           hand
           the
           pricke
           is
           on
           ;
           which
           thing
           ,
           how
           much
           good
           it
           doth
           a
           man
           ,
           he
           will
           hardly
           bel●cue
           ,
           that
           doth
           not
           proue
           it
           .
        
         
           Others
           ,
           and
           they
           no
           meane
           Archers
           ,
           
           chers
           ,
           in
           drawing
           looke
           at
           the
           mark
           vntill
           they
           come
           almost
           to
           the
           head
           ,
           then
           they
           looke
           at
           the
           shaft
           ,
           but
           at
           the
           very
           loose
           ,
           with
           a
           second
           sight
           ,
           they
           find
           their
           marke
           againe
           .
           But
           this
           way
           ,
           and
           all
           the
           other
           before
           rehearsed
           ,
           are
           but
           shifts
           and
           fooleries
           and
           not
           to
           be
           imitated
           in
           shooting
           streight
           ,
           the
           onely
           way
           worthy
           pursuit
           is
           alwayes
           to
           haue
           your
           eye
           vpon
           your
           marke
           ,
           and
           as
           I
           hold
           ,
           it
           is
           the
           readiest
           and
           easiest
           way
           ,
           to
           come
           to
           shoote
           streight
           ,
           chiefly
           if
           it
           be
           practised
           in
           youth
           ,
           and
           confirmed
           in
           elder
           age
           .
        
         
           Now
           there
           is
           yet
           a
           scruple
           in
           mens
           minds
           ,
           which
           is
           the
           best
           way
           to
           looke
           at
           the
           marke
           ;
           as
           whether
           betwixt
           the
           Bow
           and
           the
           string
           ,
           or
           aboue
           or
           beneath
           the
           hand
           ,
           and
           many
           other
           wayes
           beside
           .
           But
           it
           is
           not
           much
           materiall
           ,
           which
           way
           a
           a
           man
           lookes
           at
           his
           marke
           ,
           if
           it
           varie
           
           not
           from
           comely
           shooting
           ,
           the
           diuersity
           of
           mens
           standing
           and
           drawing
           ,
           causeth
           diuers
           men
           to
           looke
           at
           their
           markes
           diuers
           wayes
           ,
           yet
           they
           all
           leade
           a
           mans
           hand
           to
           shoote
           streight
           ,
           if
           nothing
           else
           stoppe
           ;
           so
           that
           comelinesse
           is
           the
           onely
           iudge
           of
           best
           looking
           at
           the
           Marke
           .
           Some
           men
           wonder
           ,
           why
           in
           casting
           a
           mans
           eye
           at
           the
           Marke
           ,
           the
           hand
           should
           goe
           streight
           :
           But
           surely
           ,
           if
           he
           considered
           the
           nature
           of
           a
           a
           mans
           eye
           ,
           he
           would
           not
           wonder
           at
           it
           :
           For
           this
           I
           am
           certaine
           of
           ,
           that
           no
           seruant
           to
           his
           Master
           ,
           no
           child
           to
           his
           Father
           is
           so
           obedient
           ,
           as
           euery
           joynt
           and
           piece
           of
           the
           body
           is
           to
           doe
           ,
           whatsoeuer
           the
           Eye
           bids
           .
           The
           Eye
           is
           the
           guide
           ,
           the
           ruler
           ,
           and
           the
           succourer
           of
           all
           the
           other
           parts
           ;
           the
           hand
           ,
           the
           foot
           ,
           and
           other
           members
           ,
           dare
           doe
           nothing
           without
           the
           Eye
           ,
           as
           doth
           appeare
           in
           
           the
           night
           ,
           or
           darke
           Corners
           .
        
         
           The
           Eye
           is
           the
           very
           Tongue
           wherewith
           wit
           and
           reason
           doth
           speake
           to
           every
           part
           of
           the
           body
           ,
           and
           the
           wit
           doth
           not
           so
           soone
           fignisie
           a
           thing
           by
           the
           Eye
           ,
           as
           every
           part
           is
           ready
           to
           follow
           ,
           or
           rather
           preuent
           the
           bidding
           of
           the
           Eye
           .
           This
           is
           plaine
           in
           many
           things
           ,
           but
           most
           euident
           in
           Fence
           and
           fighting
           ,
           (
           for
           as
           I
           haue
           heard
           men
           say
           )
           there
           every
           part
           standing
           in
           feare
           to
           haue
           a
           blow
           ,
           runnes
           to
           the
           eye
           for
           helpe
           ,
           as
           Infants
           doe
           to
           the
           Mother
           ;
           the
           foote
           ,
           the
           hand
           ,
           and
           all
           waite
           vpon
           the
           Eye
           .
           If
           the
           eye
           bid
           the
           hand
           either
           beare
           off
           ,
           or
           strike
           ,
           or
           the
           foote
           either
           goe
           forward
           ,
           or
           backward
           ,
           it
           doth
           so
           .
           And
           that
           which
           is
           most
           wonder
           of
           all
           ,
           the
           one
           man
           looking
           stedfastly
           at
           the
           other
           mans
           Eye
           and
           not
           at
           his
           hand
           ,
           will
           e●en
           as
           it
           were
           read
           in
           his
           eye
           ,
           
           where
           he
           purposeth
           to
           strike
           next
           ;
           for
           ,
           the
           eye
           is
           not
           any
           thing
           else
           ,
           but
           a
           certaine
           window
           for
           wit
           to
           shoote
           out
           her
           head
           at
           .
        
         
           This
           wonderfull
           worke
           of
           God
           ,
           in
           making
           all
           the
           members
           so
           obedient
           to
           the
           Eye
           ,
           is
           a
           pleasant
           thing
           to
           remember
           ,
           and
           looke
           vpon
           ;
           therefore
           ,
           an
           Archer
           may
           be
           sure
           in
           learning
           to
           looke
           at
           his
           mark
           when
           he
           is
           young
           ,
           alwayes
           to
           shoote
           streight
           .
           The
           things
           that
           hinder
           a
           man
           which
           looketh
           at
           his
           mark
           to
           shoot
           streight
           ,
           be
           these
           ;
           Aside
           wind
           ,
           a
           Bow
           eyther
           too
           strong
           or
           too
           weake
           ,
           an
           ill
           arme
           ,
           when
           a
           feather
           runneth
           on
           the
           Bow
           too
           much
           ,
           a
           bigge
           brested-Shaft
           for
           him
           that
           shooteth
           vnder-hand
           ,
           because
           it
           will
           hobble
           ;
           a
           little
           brested-shaft
           for
           him
           that
           shooteth
           aboue
           the
           hand
           ,
           because
           it
           will
           start
           :
           a
           paire
           of
           winding
           prickes
           ,
           and
           many
           other
           
           things
           ,
           which
           you
           shall
           marke
           your selfe
           ,
           and
           as
           you
           know
           them
           ,
           so
           learne
           ●o
           amend
           them
           .
           If
           a
           man
           would
           leaue
           to
           looke
           at
           his
           shaft
           ,
           and
           learne
           to
           looke
           at
           his
           marke
           ,
           he
           may
           vse
           this
           way
           ,
           which
           a
           good
           shooter
           told
           me
           once
           that
           he
           did
           .
           Let
           him
           take
           his
           Bow
           in
           the
           night
           ,
           and
           shoot
           at
           two
           Lights
           ,
           and
           there
           he
           shall
           be
           compelled
           to
           looke
           alwayes
           at
           his
           marke
           ,
           and
           neuer
           at
           his
           shaft
           .
           This
           way
           once
           ,
           or
           twice
           vsed
           ,
           will
           cause
           him
           forsake
           looking
           at
           his
           shaft
           ,
           yet
           let
           him
           take
           heed
           of
           setting
           his
           shaft
           in
           the
           Bow.
           
        
         
           Thus
           you
           see
           ,
           to
           shoote
           streight
           is
           the
           least
           Mastry
           of
           all
           ,
           if
           a
           man
           order
           himselfe
           thereafter
           in
           his
           youth
           ,
           and
           as
           for
           keeping
           a
           length
           ,
           I
           am
           sure
           ,
           the
           rules
           which
           I
           gaue
           will
           neuer
           deceiue
           ;
           so
           that
           there
           shall
           lacke
           nothing
           ,
           either
           of
           hitting
           
           the
           marke
           alwayes
           ,
           or
           else
           very
           neare
           shooting
           ,
           if
           the
           fault
           be
           not
           only
           in
           your
           owne
           selfe
           ,
           which
           may
           come
           two
           wayes
           ;
           either
           in
           hauing
           a
           faint
           heart
           ,
           or
           courage
           ,
           or
           else
           with
           suffering
           your selfe
           ouermuch
           to
           be
           led
           by
           affection
           ;
           if
           a
           mans
           minde
           faile
           him
           ,
           the
           body
           ,
           which
           is
           ruled
           by
           the
           mind
           ,
           can
           neuer
           doe
           his
           duty
           ;
           if
           lacke
           of
           courage
           were
           not
           ,
           men
           might
           doe
           more
           Maisteries
           ,
           then
           they
           doe
           ,
           as
           doth
           appeare
           ,
           in
           Leaping
           and
           Vaulting
           .
        
         
           All
           affections
           ,
           and
           especially
           Anger
           ,
           hurt
           both
           minde
           and
           body
           ,
           the
           mind
           is
           blinded
           thereby
           ,
           and
           if
           the
           mind
           be
           blind
           ,
           it
           cannot
           rule
           the
           body
           aright
           .
           The
           body
           both
           Bloud
           and
           Bone
           ,
           as
           they
           say
           is
           brought
           out
           of
           his
           right
           course
           by
           anger
           ,
           whereby
           a
           man
           lacketh
           his
           right
           strength
           ,
           and
           therefore
           cannot
           
           not
           shoote
           well
           .
           If
           these
           things
           be
           auoided
           (
           whereof
           I
           will
           speake
           no
           more
           ,
           because
           they
           belong
           not
           properly
           to
           shooting
           )
           and
           all
           the
           precepts
           which
           I
           haue
           giuen
           ,
           diligently
           marked
           ,
           no
           doubt
           any
           man
           shall
           shoote
           ,
           as
           well
           ,
           as
           euer
           any
           man
           did
           .
        
         
           This
           Discourse
           handled
           by
           me
           (
           as
           I
           know
           well
           ,
           )
           not
           perfitly
           ,
           yet
           as
           I
           suppose
           truly
           ,
           the
           world
           must
           take
           in
           good
           parte
           ,
           wherein
           ,
           if
           diuers
           things
           doe
           not
           altogether
           please
           ,
           yet
           it
           may
           pardon
           .
        
         
           FINIS
        
         
      
    
     
       
         Notes, typically marginal, from the original text
         
           Notes for div A06902-e1420
           
             Iosh.
             13.
             
          
           
             Psal.
             7.
             63.
             74.
             
          
           
             2.
             
             Sam
             ▪
             1.
             18.
             
          
        
         
           Notes for div A06902-e3550
           
             The
             stringing
             of
             the
             Bow.
             
          
        
         
           Notes for div A06902-e3770
           
             Iliad
             .
             4.
             
          
           
             Psal.
             17.
             
          
           
             Herod
             .
             in
             Pol.
             
          
           
             Herod
             .
             in
             Thalia
             .
          
           
             Ap.
             lib.
             ●
             .
          
           
             Of
             ●he
             Bow-case
             .
          
           
             1
             
          
        
         
           Notes for div A06902-e4560
           
             Herodot
             .
             Euterp
             .
          
           
             Sene
             ▪
             Hipo.
             
          
           
             Aenead
             :
             9.
             
          
           
             Apian
             ,
             li.
             8
             
          
        
         
           Notes for div A06902-e5400
           
             Ci●
             .
             de
             Nat.
             Deor
             
          
        
         
           Notes for div A06902-e5610
           
             Odiss
             .
             21
             
          
           
             Iliad
             .
             4
             
          
           
             Pol.
             I.
             10
             
          
           
             ●d
             .
             8●
             
          
           
             Plutar.
             in
             Crassus
             .
          
           
             Herod
             .
             2
             
          
           
             Poll.
             ●
             
          
           
             Psal.
             ●
             
          
           
             Herod
             .
             vran
             .
          
        
         
           Notes for div A06902-e6910
           
             Percop
             .
             Hist.
             Pers.
             
          
        
         
           Notes for div A06902-e7110
           
             Of
             Footing
             .