The inrichment of the vveald of Kent: or, A direction to the husbandman, for the true ordering, manuring, and inriching of all the grounds within the wealds of Kent and Sussex and may generally serue for all the grounds in England, of that nature: as, 1. Shewing the nature of all wealdish grounds, comparing it with the soyle of the shires at large. 2. Declaring what the marle is, and the seuerall sorts thereof, and where it is vsually found. 3. The profitable vse of marle, and other rich manurings, as well in each sort of arable land, as also for the encrease of corne and pasture through the kingdome. Painfully gathered for the good of this iland, by a man of great eminence and worth.
      
       
         
           1625
        
      
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         99847365
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             The inrichment of the vveald of Kent: or, A direction to the husbandman, for the true ordering, manuring, and inriching of all the grounds within the wealds of Kent and Sussex and may generally serue for all the grounds in England, of that nature: as, 1. Shewing the nature of all wealdish grounds, comparing it with the soyle of the shires at large. 2. Declaring what the marle is, and the seuerall sorts thereof, and where it is vsually found. 3. The profitable vse of marle, and other rich manurings, as well in each sort of arable land, as also for the encrease of corne and pasture through the kingdome. Painfully gathered for the good of this iland, by a man of great eminence and worth.
             Markham, Gervase, 1568?-1637.
          
           [4], 23, [1] p., folded plate : map
           
             By G[eorge] P[urslowe] for Roger Iackson, and are to be sold at his shop neere Fleetstret-Conduit,
             Printed at London :
             1625.
          
           
             Sometimes attributed to Gervase Markham, but probably only edited by him.
             Printer's name from STC.
             The dedication is signed: R.I., probably Roger Jackson the publisher.
             The map has title: The shyre of Kent. Diuided into the five lathes therof.
             Reproduction of the original in the Henry E. Huntington Library and Art Gallery.
          
        
      
    
     
       
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           The
           Inrichment
           of
           the
           Weald
           of
           Kent
           :
           OR
           ,
           A
           Direction
           to
           the
           Husbandman
           ,
           for
           the
           true
           ordering
           ,
           manuring
           ,
           and
           inriching
           of
           all
           the
           Grounds
           within
           the
           Wealds
           of
           Kent
           and
           Sussex
           ,
           and
           may
           generally
           serue
           for
           all
           the
           grounds
           in
           England
           ,
           of
           that
           nature
           :
           as
           ,
           
             
               1.
               
               Shewing
               the
               nature
               of
               all
               Wealdish
               grounds
               ,
               comparing
               it
               with
               the
               soyle
               of
               the
               Shires
               at
               large
               .
            
             
               2.
               
               Declaring
               what
               the
               Marle
               is
               ,
               and
               the
               seuerall
               sorts
               thereof
               ,
               and
               where
               it
               is
               vsually
               found
               .
            
             
               3.
               
               The
               profitable
               vse
               of
               Marle
               ,
               and
               other
               rich
               manurings
               ,
               as
               well
               in
               each
               sort
               of
               arable
               land
               ,
               as
               also
               for
               the
               encrease
               of
               Corne
               and
               Pasture
               through
               the
               Kingdome
               .
            
          
        
         
           Painfully
           gathered
           for
           the
           good
           of
           this
           Iland
           ,
           by
           a
           man
           of
           great
           eminence
           and
           worth
           .
        
         
           Printed
           at
           London
           by
           
             G.
             P.
          
           for
           
             Roger
             Iackson
          
           ,
           and
           are
           to
           be
           sold
           at
           his
           shop
           neere
           Fleetstret-Conduit
           .
           1625.
           
        
      
       
         
         
         
           To
           the
           Honourable
           Knight
           ,
           Sir
           
             George
             Riuers
          
           of
           
             Chafford
             ,
             in
             the
          
           County
           of
           KENT
           .
        
         
           
             SIR
             ,
          
        
         
           HAd
           I
           no
           scale
           (
           more
           then
           this
           bare
           and
           plaine
           moulded
           Epistle
           )
           by
           which
           to
           come
           to
           your
           Worships
           eares
           ,
           yet
           in
           respect
           of
           the
           honest
           Liuery
           which
           it
           carries
           (
           being
           necessary
           and
           husbandly
           collections
           ,
           especially
           gathered
           for
           the
           Country
           and
           Soile
           wherein
           you
           liue
           )
           I
           know
           ,
           it
           cannot
           chuse
           but
           finde
           both
           fauour
           and
           mercy
           in
           your
           acceptation
           ;
           but
           when
           I
           call
           vp
           into
           my
           consideration
           ,
           the
           great
           worthinesse
           of
           your
           experience
           in
           this
           and
           all
           other
           the
           like
           affaires
           ,
           which
           tend
           to
           the
           generall
           benefit
           of
           the
           Common
           wealth
           ,
           and
           weigh
           the
           excellency
           of
           your
           wisedome
           ,
           iudgement
           ,
           bounty
           ,
           and
           affection
           vnto
           hospitality
           (
           which
           giue
           both
           strength
           and
           aduancement
           to
           proiects
           of
           this
           nature
           )
           I
           could
           not
           but
           take
           vnto
           my selfe
           a
           double
           encouragement
           ,
           and
           boldly
           say
           vnto
           this
           worke
           which
           I
           offer
           to
           your
           goodnesse
           ;
           Goe
           and
           approach
           
           with
           all
           thy
           sweetnesse
           before
           him
           ,
           he
           that
           so
           perfectly
           knowes
           all
           which
           thou
           canst
           or
           wouldst
           discouer
           ;
           he
           that
           is
           able
           both
           to
           correct
           and
           amend
           any
           thing
           that
           is
           imperfect
           in
           thee
           ,
           hee
           ,
           for
           vertues
           sake
           ,
           will
           neuer
           forsake
           thee
           .
           Beleeue
           mee
           (
           worthy
           Sir
           )
           should
           this
           subiect
           wish
           it selfe
           a
           Patron
           ,
           I
           doe
           not
           thinke
           ,
           it
           could
           wish
           beyond
           you
           ;
           for
           you
           are
           a
           volumne
           full
           of
           all
           that
           of
           which
           it
           intreateth
           :
           witnesse
           your
           yeeres
           ,
           your
           place
           ,
           your
           supportation
           of
           the
           poore
           ,
           and
           your
           continuall
           imployments
           ;
           with
           any
           of
           which
           ,
           there
           is
           not
           (
           of
           your
           Ranke
           )
           a
           second
           liuing
           in
           your
           Country
           ,
           to
           walke
           hand
           in
           hand
           with
           you
           ;
           Being
           then
           (
           deare
           Sir
           )
           the
           oldest
           and
           best
           friend
           to
           your
           Country
           ;
           forsake
           neither
           her
           ,
           nor
           this
           which
           comes
           to
           serue
           it
           ;
           and
           though
           in
           this
           Glasse
           some
           lineaments
           may
           appeare
           imperfect
           ,
           yet
           by
           the
           helpe
           of
           your
           fauour
           (
           though
           little
           be
           exact
           or
           most
           excellent
           )
           nothing
           shall
           bee
           grosse
           or
           vnworthy
           the
           suruay
           of
           your
           worthier
           patience
           .
           And
           so
           I
           rest
           ,
        
         
           
             Your
             Worships
             to
             be
             commanded
             ,
             
               R.
               I.
            
             
          
        
      
    
     
       
         
         
           A
           discourse
           of
           the
           Weald
           of
           Kent
           ;
           and
           a
           comparison
           of
           the
           arable
           Lands
           therein
           ,
           with
           the
           other
           parts
           of
           the
           Shire
           :
           Together
           with
           some
           necessary
           counsels
           for
           the
           ordering
           and
           inriching
           of
           the
           Marleable
           Lands
           in
           the
           Weald
           ,
           or
           generally
           in
           any
           part
           of
           this
           Kingdome
           .
        
         
           THE
           Weald
           of
           Kent
           is
           the
           lower
           part
           of
           that
           Shire
           ,
           
           lying
           on
           the
           South
           side
           thereof
           ,
           and
           adioyneth
           to
           the
           Weald
           of
           Sussex
           ,
           towards
           the
           West
           .
        
         
           This
           Weald
           both
           in
           Kent
           and
           Sussex
           ,
           was
           sometimes
           all
           (
           or
           the
           most
           part
           )
           wooddy
           ,
           wilde
           ,
           and
           (
           in
           the
           first
           times
           )
           vninhabited
           ;
           and
           from
           thence
           tooke
           the
           name
           of
           Weald
           from
           the
           Saxon
           word
           ,
           Weale
           or
           Yeale
           ,
           or
           Weald
           ,
           which
           signifieth
           a
           wooddy
           Countrey
           ,
           or
           Forrest-like
           ground
           .
           The
           Britons
           called
           it
           Andred
           ,
           which
           signifieth
           Greatnesse
           or
           Wonderfull
           ,
           and
           in
           Latine
           it
           was
           called
           
             Saltus
             Andred
          
           ,
           (
           that
           is
           to
           say
           )
           the
           Chase
           or
           Forrest
           of
           Andred
           ,
           by
           reason
           of
           the
           great
           circuit
           ,
           or
           large
           bounds
           thereof
           .
        
         
           Touching
           the
           true
           boundary
           or
           limits
           of
           this
           Weald
           ,
           there
           haue
           bin
           diuers
           opinions
           ,
           and
           most
           of
           them
           various
           and
           much
           differing
           both
           in
           place
           and
           quantity
           ;
           but
           that
           which
           is
           the
           neerest
           and
           best
           allyed
           vnto
           truth
           ,
           both
           according
           to
           the
           opinions
           of
           
             Assertus
             Meneuensis
             ,
             Henry
          
           of
           Huntingdon
           ,
           and
           others
           of
           most
           credible
           report
           ,
           is
           ;
           that
           it
           extendeth
           from
           the
           Town
           of
           Winchelsey
           in
           Sussex
           ,
           an
           hundred
           and
           twenty
           miles
           in
           length
           towards
           the
           West
           ;
           and
           
           thirty
           miles
           in
           bredth
           towards
           the
           North.
           Now
           ,
           although
           this
           report
           be
           most
           agreeable
           vnto
           verity
           ,
           yet
           who
           knows
           not
           ,
           that
           curiosity
           may
           raise
           vp
           many
           obiections
           to
           withstand
           it
           ;
           and
           therefore
           Master
           Lambert
           in
           his
           Perambulation
           of
           Kent
           ,
           hath
           prescribed
           the
           best
           and
           most
           infallible
           way
           to
           finde
           out
           the
           true
           and
           certaine
           bounds
           of
           this
           Weald
           ,
           to
           be
           only
           by
           Iewry
           ,
           or
           the
           verdict
           of
           twelue
           men
           impannelled
           ,
           for
           that
           purpose
           ;
           eyther
           in
           case
           of
           controuersie
           ,
           or
           other
           particular
           search
           ;
           &
           this
           hath
           bin
           in
           these
           later
           times
           brought
           forth
           most
           plentifully
           ;
           for
           it
           hath
           bin
           found
           by
           diuers
           late
           Verdicts
           ,
           vpon
           especiall
           and
           most
           necessary
           occasions
           ,
           that
           the
           Weald
           of
           Kent
           is
           truely
           Master
           Lamberts
           second
           step
           in
           his
           Perambulation
           of
           Kent
           ,
           reaching
           from
           Winchelsey
           in
           Sussex
           ,
           and
           that
           Hill
           there
           ,
           vnto
           the
           toppe
           of
           
           Riuers-Hill
           in
           Kent
           ;
           and
           neyther
           farther
           towards
           London
           ,
           nor
           shorter
           towards
           Tunbridge
           ;
           which
           agreeth
           so
           perfitly
           with
           the
           former
           limitations
           ,
           that
           both
           may
           be
           receyued
           as
           most
           true
           and
           sufficient
           .
        
         
           This
           Weald
           was
           for
           many
           yeeres
           held
           to
           be
           a
           wilde
           Desart
           ,
           or
           most
           vnfruitfull
           Wildernesse
           (
           as
           write
           the
           Authors
           before
           mentioned
           )
           and
           indeed
           such
           is
           the
           nature
           and
           disposition
           of
           the
           Soyle
           thereof
           to
           this
           very
           day
           :
           for
           it
           will
           grow
           to
           Frith
           or
           wood
           ,
           if
           it
           bee
           not
           continually
           manured
           and
           laboured
           with
           the
           Plough
           ,
           and
           kept
           vnder
           by
           Tillage
           ,
           so
           as
           it
           may
           truely
           be
           said
           of
           it
           ,
           
             Incultae
             parantur
             vomere
             Siluae
          
           .
           It
           is
           through-out
           (
           except
           in
           very
           few
           places
           adioyning
           to
           Brookes
           or
           Riuers
           )
           of
           a
           very
           barren
           nature
           ,
           and
           vnapt
           either
           for
           Pasturage
           or
           Tillage
           ,
           vntil
           that
           it
           be
           holpen
           by
           some
           manner
           of
           comfort
           ,
           as
           Dung
           ,
           Marle
           ,
           Fresh
           earth
           ,
           Fodder
           ,
           Ashes
           ,
           or
           such
           other
           refreshings
           ;
           and
           that
           seemeth
           to
           haue
           been
           the
           cause
           for
           which
           in
           old
           time
           it
           was
           vsed
           as
           a
           Wildernesse
           ,
           &
           kept
           for
           the
           most
           part
           with
           Heards
           of
           Deare
           ,
           and
           Droues
           of
           Hogs
           ,
           as
           is
           specified
           in
           diuers
           historicall
           Relations
           .
        
         
         
           And
           as
           there
           bee
           yet
           remaining
           in
           Sussex
           diuers
           great
           Forrests
           ,
           and
           sundry
           Commons
           or
           Wastes
           ,
           hauing
           fiue
           or
           sixe
           miles
           in
           length
           ,
           which
           for
           the
           most
           part
           are
           not
           fit
           to
           be
           manured
           for
           Corne
           ,
           and
           yeeld
           but
           little
           profit
           in
           pasture
           ;
           so
           haue
           there
           been
           also
           in
           Kent
           (
           within
           our
           memory
           )
           a
           great
           number
           of
           wooddy
           and
           ouer-growne
           grounds
           ,
           conuerted
           of
           late
           to
           Pasture
           and
           Tillage
           ,
           euen
           after
           such
           a
           manner
           as
           in
           the
           said
           Perambulation
           is
           testified
           ,
           where
           it
           is
           said
           ,
           that
           although
           the
           Weald
           of
           Kent
           belonged
           to
           sundry
           knowne
           owners
           long
           since
           ,
           yet
           was
           it
           not
           then
           allotted
           into
           particular
           Tenancies
           ,
           as
           the
           other
           parts
           of
           the
           Shire
           were
           ,
           but
           it
           was
           ,
           in
           processe
           of
           time
           ,
           by
           little
           and
           little
           gained
           ,
           as
           men
           were
           contented
           to
           inhabit
           there
           ,
           and
           to
           rid
           it
           of
           the
           wood
           ;
           And
           hereof
           it
           is
           also
           ,
           that
           besides
           sundry
           whole
           Parishes
           which
           be
           named
           Dennes
           or
           Low
           places
           ,
           as
           
             Tenderden
             ,
             Marden
             ,
             Beneden
          
           ,
           and
           sundry
           others
           ,
           there
           be
           moreouer
           many
           smaller
           portions
           ,
           almost
           in
           euery
           part
           of
           the
           Weald
           of
           Kent
           ;
           which
           hee
           likewise
           called
           Dennes
           ;
           as
           the
           Denne
           of
           Cranbrooke
           in
           Cranebrooke
           ;
           the
           Denne
           of
           Hawkehurst
           in
           Hawkehurst
           ,
           and
           such
           others
           ;
           the
           which
           (
           as
           it
           seemeth
           )
           were
           at
           the
           first
           vndertaken
           to
           bee
           manured
           by
           sundry
           particular
           persons
           ,
           whose
           names
           were
           then
           taken
           from
           those
           very
           Dennes
           ,
           and
           continued
           many
           yeeres
           together
           ,
           as
           by
           ancient
           euidences
           it
           doth
           yet
           appeare
           ,
           howsoeuer
           the
           age
           of
           long
           time
           hath
           now
           almost
           worne
           and
           consumed
           them
           all
           out
           of
           knowledge
           .
           Neither
           doth
           the
           Weald
           of
           Kent
           containe
           so
           many
           great
           Mannors
           or
           Courts
           (
           for
           the
           proportion
           of
           the
           largenesse
           )
           as
           the
           rest
           of
           the
           Shire
           doth
           ,
           but
           was
           appertaining
           ,
           for
           a
           great
           part
           thereof
           ,
           to
           sundry
           of
           those
           Mannors
           which
           doe
           lye
           at
           large
           dispersed
           thorow
           the
           Shire
           ;
           whereof
           each
           one
           had
           a
           great
           portion
           in
           the
           Weald
           ,
           which
           both
           in
           the
           book
           of
           Doomes-day
           ,
           and
           in
           sundry
           the
           Court
           Rolls
           ,
           and
           Rentals
           ,
           
           passeth
           by
           the
           name
           of
           Weald
           ,
           and
           
             Silua
             Porcorum
          
           ,
           or
           Swine
           gatts
           ,
           which
           were
           granted
           to
           diuers
           of
           the
           Farmers
           and
           owners
           of
           sundry
           Tenancies
           ,
           which
           did
           belong
           vnto
           those
           Dennes
           ,
           and
           other
           Lands
           within
           the
           Weald
           .
        
         
           And
           albeit
           these
           Dens
           be
           for
           the
           most
           part
           good
           large
           portions
           of
           Land
           ,
           that
           be
           now
           broken
           into
           many
           seuerall
           possessions
           ,
           so
           as
           the
           same
           one
           Denne
           sufficeth
           20.
           housholders
           at
           this
           day
           ,
           yet
           it
           is
           very
           likely
           that
           each
           man
           at
           the
           first
           had
           his
           seuerall
           Den
           wholly
           and
           vnbroken
           ,
           wherof
           he
           and
           his
           posterity
           beareth
           name
           ,
           vntill
           that
           the
           same
           was
           by
           the
           custome
           of
           Gauilkinde
           ,
           by
           sale
           or
           by
           exchange
           diuided
           and
           distributed
           amongst
           others
           into
           parts
           ,
           as
           wee
           doe
           now
           see
           them
           .
           But
           howsoeuer
           this
           Weald
           be
           of
           it selfe
           vnfruitfull
           (
           as
           I
           said
           )
           and
           of
           a
           barren
           nature
           ,
           yet
           so
           it
           hath
           pleased
           the
           prouidence
           of
           the
           Almighty
           to
           temper
           the
           same
           ,
           that
           by
           the
           benefit
           of
           Margle
           or
           Marle
           (
           as
           it
           is
           commonly
           called
           )
           it
           may
           be
           made
           not
           onely
           equall
           in
           fertility
           with
           the
           other
           grounds
           of
           the
           Shire
           ,
           as
           well
           for
           Corne
           as
           Grasse
           ,
           but
           also
           superiour
           to
           the
           more
           and
           greater
           part
           of
           the
           same
           .
           
           The
           which
           manner
           of
           bettering
           the
           ground
           is
           not
           now
           newly
           discouered
           ,
           but
           was
           the
           ancient
           practize
           of
           our
           Fore-fathers
           many
           a
           yeere
           agoe
           ,
           as
           by
           the
           innumerable
           Marle-pits
           digged
           and
           spent
           so
           many
           yeeres
           past
           ,
           that
           trees
           of
           200.
           or
           300.
           yeeres
           old
           ,
           doe
           now
           grow
           vpon
           them
           ,
           it
           may
           most
           euidently
           appeare
           ,
           besides
           the
           which
           we
           haue
           mention
           of
           Marle
           in
           bookes
           of
           gainage
           or
           husbandry
           ,
           that
           were
           written
           in
           the
           dayes
           of
           King
           Edward
           the
           2.
           or
           before
           ,
           
           howbeit
           the
           same
           manner
           of
           tillage
           ,
           by
           meanes
           of
           the
           ciuill
           warres
           ,
           maintained
           many
           yeeres
           as
           well
           in
           the
           time
           of
           the
           Barons
           warres
           ,
           as
           of
           the
           warres
           betweene
           the
           house
           of
           Yorke
           and
           the
           Family
           of
           Lancaster
           ,
           was
           so
           giuen
           ouer
           ,
           and
           gone
           out
           of
           vse
           ,
           vntill
           these
           30.
           or
           40.
           yeeres
           ,
           that
           it
           may
           be
           said
           to
           haue
           beene
           then
           newly
           
           borne
           and
           reuiued
           ,
           rather
           then
           restored
           ,
           because
           the
           very
           true
           art
           of
           inriching
           the
           ground
           by
           Marle
           ,
           seemeth
           to
           lye
           hidden
           in
           part
           ,
           as
           yet
           not
           to
           be
           discouered
           to
           the
           full
           :
           for
           in
           this
           short
           time
           we
           haue
           seene
           many
           arable
           grounds
           ,
           which
           for
           sundry
           yeeres
           after
           the
           marling
           of
           them
           ,
           haue
           plentifully
           borne
           Wheat
           and
           other
           Graine
           ,
           to
           be
           now
           become
           vnfruitfull
           ,
           and
           so
           will
           they
           continue
           ,
           albeit
           they
           should
           be
           now
           marled
           againe
           .
           And
           this
           commeth
           to
           passe
           by
           the
           ignorance
           of
           the
           right
           manner
           of
           ordering
           the
           Marle
           ,
           which
           is
           as
           strong
           and
           chearefull
           as
           euer
           it
           was
           before
           ,
           howsoeuer
           it
           worketh
           not
           his
           naturall
           effect
           ,
           through
           the
           vnskilfulnesse
           of
           the
           Husbandman
           ,
           that
           both
           wasteth
           the
           Marle
           ,
           and
           loseth
           withall
           his
           time
           ,
           his
           labour
           ,
           his
           cost
           ,
           and
           the
           profit
           of
           his
           ground
           .
           I
           cannot
           deny
           but
           a
           man
           shall
           see
           some
           grounds
           ,
           of
           nature
           fit
           to
           take
           Marle
           ,
           and
           of
           situation
           so
           neere
           to
           
           Marle-pits
           long
           time
           opened
           ,
           that
           they
           might
           be
           marled
           plentifully
           with
           little
           charge
           ,
           and
           haue
           beene
           heretofore
           marled
           indeed
           ,
           and
           yet
           the
           sameto
           lye
           now
           vnploughed
           ,
           and
           not
           onely
           barren
           of
           themselues
           ,
           but
           also
           vnapt
           for
           Marle
           ,
           and
           vncapable
           of
           amendment
           by
           Tillage
           :
           but
           ,
           I
           must
           say
           withall
           ,
           that
           albeit
           the
           men
           in
           those
           former
           Ages
           had
           the
           right
           ordering
           of
           Marle
           ,
           yet
           were
           they
           not
           all
           good
           Husbands
           alike
           ,
           neyther
           doth
           the
           Field
           ioy
           alike
           vnder
           the
           Farmer
           ,
           and
           vnder
           the
           very
           Owner
           of
           the
           same
           ,
           the
           one
           seeking
           the
           very
           vttermost
           gaine
           that
           may
           be
           made
           during
           his
           short
           interest
           ,
           and
           the
           other
           indeuouring
           to
           perpetuate
           his
           commodity
           ,
           euen
           to
           the
           end
           of
           his
           estate
           ,
           which
           hath
           no
           end
           at
           all
           ,
           so
           that
           through
           vnskilfulnes
           of
           the
           one
           ,
           and
           greedinesse
           in
           others
           ,
           the
           ground
           may
           sooner
           be
           crāmed
           to
           death
           with
           Marle
           ,
           then
           it
           shall
           be
           made
           the
           better
           or
           fatter
           by
           it
           .
           The
           reason
           whereof
           I
           will
           reserue
           ,
           vntill
           that
           I
           shall
           haue
           cause
           to
           teach
           in
           particular
           ,
           after
           what
           manner
           
           and
           measure
           the
           ground
           is
           to
           be
           marled
           .
           In
           the
           meane-while
           ,
           I
           will
           open
           the
           nature
           and
           conditions
           of
           this
           wealdish
           ground
           ,
           comparing
           it
           with
           the
           Soyle
           of
           the
           Shire
           at
           large
           ,
           and
           afterward
           declare
           vnto
           you
           what
           the
           Marle
           is
           ,
           and
           what
           sorts
           thereof
           there
           be
           vsually
           found
           in
           the
           Weald
           of
           Kent
           ;
           and
           lastly
           ,
           enter
           into
           the
           true
           and
           profitable
           vse
           thereof
           ,
           as
           well
           in
           each
           sort
           of
           arable
           Land
           ,
           as
           also
           for
           the
           increase
           of
           Corne
           and
           Pasture
           thorow
           the
           Kingdome
           .
        
         
           The
           arable
           ground
           of
           this
           Weald
           hath
           commonly
           a
           fleet
           and
           shallow
           Mould
           to
           be
           turned
           vp
           by
           the
           Plough
           ,
           so
           as
           in
           many
           places
           the
           dead
           Earth
           or
           Mould
           is
           within
           three
           inches
           of
           the
           face
           of
           the
           ground
           ,
           and
           in
           the
           best
           places
           ,
           the
           good
           Mould
           exceedeth
           not
           six
           inches
           in
           depth
           at
           the
           most
           ,
           and
           therefore
           it
           wanteth
           conuenient
           substance
           to
           nourish
           Corne
           any
           long
           time
           ,
           but
           will
           faint
           and
           giue
           ouer
           ,
           after
           a
           Crop
           or
           two
           ;
           for
           the
           which
           reason
           also
           ,
           it
           cannot
           yeeld
           any
           sweet
           or
           deepe
           Grasse
           .
           Besides
           this
           ,
           the
           Weald
           hath
           many
           copped
           or
           hillish
           grounds
           ,
           out
           of
           which
           there
           doe
           many
           Quits
           or
           Springs
           of
           water
           issue
           ,
           that
           make
           it
           cold
           and
           barren
           ;
           and
           from
           these
           Hillocks
           ,
           the
           best
           part
           of
           the
           good
           Mould
           is
           washed
           downe
           into
           the
           Water-courses
           and
           Dikes
           that
           bee
           made
           to
           diuide
           and
           draine
           the
           Land.
           Furthermore
           ,
           the
           Weald
           is
           diuided
           into
           many
           small
           inclosures
           ,
           the
           biggest
           sort
           (
           for
           the
           most
           part
           )
           of
           which
           ,
           are
           betweene
           sixteene
           Acres
           and
           twelue
           in
           quantity
           ,
           and
           thereby
           hath
           it
           many
           Hedges
           and
           Trees
           ,
           which
           in
           vnseasonable
           weather
           do
           keepe
           both
           the
           Sunne
           and
           Winde
           from
           the
           Corne
           ,
           so
           as
           for
           want
           of
           that
           succour
           and
           comfort
           ,
           it
           groweth
           ,
           and
           many
           times
           rotteth
           in
           the
           Earth
           ,
           so
           that
           it
           carneth
           not
           ,
           nor
           eareth
           ,
           nor
           prospereth
           not
           kindely
           many
           times
           .
           And
           these
           small
           Closes
           are
           caused
           by
           this
           ,
           that
           men
           are
           not
           able
           to
           marle
           any
           great
           
           part
           or
           quantity
           of
           ground
           at
           once
           ;
           and
           hauing
           marled
           a
           little
           ,
           they
           are
           desirous
           to
           sow
           it
           with
           Corne
           :
           for
           the
           preseruation
           whereof
           ,
           as
           also
           for
           draining
           it
           ,
           they
           are
           inforced
           to
           make
           so
           many
           and
           small
           seuerals
           :
           for
           all
           which
           reasons
           it
           is
           plaine
           ,
           that
           there
           is
           little
           good
           arable
           Land
           there
           ,
           and
           rarely
           any
           good
           Pasture
           ,
           those
           onely
           places
           excepted
           ,
           which
           are
           amended
           by
           irrigations
           of
           flouds
           ,
           which
           there
           is
           called
           flowing
           and
           ouer-flowing
           .
           Contrariwise
           ,
           the
           arable
           Land
           of
           the
           Shire
           at
           large
           ,
           hath
           a
           deepe
           and
           fat
           Mould
           of
           good
           Earth
           ,
           that
           is
           able
           to
           beare
           fiue
           or
           sixe
           good
           Crops
           together
           without
           intermission
           ;
           and
           ,
           after
           three
           or
           foure
           yeeres
           rest
           ,
           will
           doe
           the
           like
           againe
           ,
           and
           may
           so
           interchangeably
           keepe
           that
           course
           for
           euer
           :
           yea
           ,
           there
           be
           many
           grounds
           that
           are
           sowed
           without
           ceasing
           ,
           because
           the
           Mould
           is
           so
           deepe
           ,
           that
           when
           the
           vpper
           part
           thereof
           beginneth
           to
           faint
           and
           be
           weary
           ,
           men
           can
           adde
           some
           strength
           of
           Cattell
           ,
           and
           with
           the
           Plough
           goe
           deeper
           ,
           and
           fetch
           vp
           a
           fresh
           Mould
           that
           will
           continue
           for
           a
           long
           season
           .
           Furthermore
           ,
           this
           arable
           ground
           is
           a
           hollow
           dry
           ground
           ,
           for
           the
           most
           part
           ,
           on
           a
           deepe
           Clay
           ,
           that
           by
           tillage
           ,
           and
           the
           weather
           ,
           will
           become
           dry
           and
           spongy
           ,
           so
           as
           the
           Raine
           there
           washeth
           in
           the
           fat
           of
           the
           Earth
           ,
           the
           rather
           ,
           because
           it
           is
           not
           so
           hillish
           and
           sliding
           as
           the
           Weald
           ,
           but
           more
           leuell
           ,
           euen
           ,
           and
           champion
           also
           ,
           by
           which
           the
           Sunne
           and
           Winde
           doe
           dry
           the
           Corne
           ,
           and
           doe
           make
           it
           both
           carne
           or
           eare
           well
           ,
           and
           yeeld
           a
           purer
           flowre
           then
           that
           which
           is
           sobbed
           in
           wet
           ,
           and
           hath
           long
           time
           lyen
           before
           it
           bee
           dryed
           againe
           .
           But
           forasmuch
           as
           the
           great
           oddes
           betweene
           these
           two
           sorts
           of
           grounds
           ,
           may
           be
           made
           euen
           by
           the
           helpe
           of
           Marle
           ,
           if
           it
           be
           rightly
           ordered
           ,
           as
           I
           said
           ,
           I
           will
           now
           shew
           you
           what
           it
           is
           ,
           and
           how
           many
           sorts
           thereof
           be
           found
           in
           this
           Weald
           of
           our
           Countrey
           .
           Marle
           is
           indeed
           ,
           as
           it
           is
           in
           name
           ,
           the
           fat
           or
           
             (
             marrow
          
           )
           of
           the
           
           earth
           :
           for
           so
           did
           the
           Germanes
           ,
           and
           so
           did
           our
           elders
           the
           Saxons
           ,
           terme
           it
           ,
           of
           the
           word
           Marize
           ,
           which
           wee
           found
           Marrow
           ,
           and
           thereof
           we
           call
           it
           Marling
           ,
           when
           we
           bestow
           that
           fat
           earth
           vpon
           our
           leane
           ground
           .
           Pliny
           saith
           ,
           That
           the
           Brittanes
           (
           meaning
           vs
           )
           did
           vse
           to
           amend
           their
           Land
           with
           a
           certaine
           inuention
           which
           they
           called
           Marga
           ,
           that
           is
           ,
           the
           fat
           of
           the
           earth
           ,
           and
           it
           is
           to
           be
           seene
           in
           
             Conradus
             Hereshachius
          
           ,
           that
           the
           Germaines
           doe
           vse
           it
           to
           the
           same
           end
           ,
           and
           doe
           call
           it
           by
           the
           same
           name
           till
           this
           very
           day
           :
           it
           is
           therfore
           a
           fat
           ,
           oyly
           and
           vnctious
           ground
           ,
           lying
           in
           the
           belly
           of
           the
           earth
           ,
           which
           is
           of
           warme
           and
           moist
           temperature
           ,
           and
           so
           most
           fertill
           ,
           seeing
           that
           heat
           and
           moysture
           be
           the
           father
           and
           mother
           of
           generation
           and
           growth
           ;
           howbeit
           this
           is
           not
           a
           pure
           &
           simple
           marrow
           ,
           (
           as
           that
           is
           which
           lyeth
           in
           our
           bones
           )
           but
           a
           iuyce
           ,
           or
           fat
           liquor
           mingled
           with
           the
           Earth
           ,
           as
           is
           the
           fat
           which
           lyeth
           mixed
           ,
           and
           dispersed
           in
           our
           flesh
           ,
           so
           as
           the
           one
           may
           be
           drawne
           away
           ,
           and
           the
           other
           remaine
           ,
           as
           it
           shall
           anon
           appeare
           vnto
           you
           .
        
         
           
           Foure
           sorts
           of
           Marle
           be
           found
           in
           this
           Weald
           ,
           knowne
           asunder
           by
           the
           difference
           of
           colours
           ,
           and
           thereby
           also
           differing
           in
           degrees
           of
           goodnesse
           one
           from
           the
           other
           :
           for
           there
           is
           a
           Grey
           ,
           
           a
           Blue
           ,
           a
           Yellow
           ,
           and
           a
           Red
           Marle
           ,
           all
           which
           be
           profitable
           ,
           if
           they
           be
           earthy
           and
           fat
           ,
           or
           slippery
           as
           Sope
           :
           and
           most
           times
           little
           worth
           ,
           if
           they
           bee
           mixed
           with
           Sand
           ,
           Grauell
           ,
           or
           Stone
           .
           So
           the
           Blue
           is
           reputed
           the
           best
           ,
           the
           Yellow
           the
           next
           ,
           the
           Grey
           the
           next
           ,
           and
           the
           Red
           lesse
           durable
           then
           the
           other
           three
           ;
           and
           yet
           it
           is
           thought
           the
           Red
           to
           be
           the
           better
           ,
           if
           it
           be
           found
           vpon
           the
           Blue
           or
           others
           .
           These
           Marles
           doe
           lye
           in
           veines
           or
           floores
           ,
           amongst
           those
           Hillocks
           or
           copped
           grounds
           most
           commonly
           ,
           wherof
           I
           haue
           spoken
           ,
           and
           doe
           oftentimes
           shew
           themselues
           at
           the
           foot
           of
           the
           Hill
           ,
           or
           about
           the
           mid-way
           betweene
           the
           foot
           and
           the
           top
           thereof
           :
           some
           of
           them
           haue
           ouer
           them
           a
           
           couer
           of
           ground
           ,
           which
           we
           call
           Cope
           ,
           not
           exceeding
           7.
           or
           eight
           foot
           in
           depth
           ;
           some
           lie
           deeper
           ,
           and
           other
           some
           doe
           arise
           ,
           as
           namely
           ,
           where
           the
           ground
           lieth
           not
           high
           ,
           and
           that
           Marle
           commonly
           is
           very
           good
           ;
           and
           there
           is
           in
           diuers
           leuell
           grounds
           good
           Marle
           .
        
         
           And
           as
           Marle
           is
           for
           the
           most
           part
           of
           these
           foure
           colours
           ,
           so
           is
           arable
           ground
           for
           the
           most
           part
           of
           these
           foure
           sorts
           following
           ;
           
           that
           is
           to
           say
           ,
           either
           a
           cold
           ,
           stiffe
           and
           wet
           clay
           ,
           
           which
           is
           either
           the
           Cope
           of
           the
           Marle
           ,
           or
           lieth
           neere
           vnto
           it
           ,
           and
           is
           therefore
           commonly
           called
           ,
           
             The
             Marle
             Cope
             ground
          
           ,
           or
           a
           Haisell
           mould
           ,
           which
           I
           count
           to
           be
           one
           of
           the
           best
           Wealdish
           Moulds
           ,
           
           being
           a
           compound
           Mould
           ,
           and
           very
           good
           for
           Marle
           ,
           and
           will
           quit
           the
           cost
           very
           well
           .
           
           Then
           are
           there
           two
           sorts
           of
           sandy
           Mould
           ,
           the
           one
           being
           a
           reasonable
           good
           kinde
           ,
           but
           not
           equall
           to
           the
           Haisell
           Mould
           ;
           for
           you
           shall
           haue
           in
           diuers
           places
           of
           the
           Weald
           ,
           this
           Haisell
           Mould
           to
           beare
           two
           or
           three
           good
           crops
           of
           Wheat
           being
           Summer-fallowed
           ,
           together
           ,
           which
           you
           shall
           hardly
           haue
           of
           any
           sandy
           ground
           ,
           without
           mending
           :
           but
           as
           I
           said
           of
           the
           better
           sort
           of
           these
           two
           kinds
           of
           sandy
           Moulds
           ,
           you
           haue
           commonly
           very
           rich
           Wheat
           ,
           being
           well
           marled
           ,
           which
           is
           not
           so
           barren
           as
           the
           other
           ;
           but
           this
           last
           kinde
           of
           sandy
           Mould
           ,
           is
           a
           very
           barren
           kinde
           of
           ground
           ,
           and
           hath
           a
           very
           fleet
           Mould
           ,
           and
           you
           shall
           haue
           very
           Heath
           grow
           vpon
           it
           in
           diuers
           places
           ;
           and
           yet
           being
           ordered
           as
           followeth
           with
           Marle
           ,
           will
           beare
           both
           good
           Corne
           and
           Pasture
           .
           And
           now
           that
           we
           may
           the
           better
           vnderstand
           how
           to
           marle
           and
           manure
           euery
           of
           these
           sorts
           by
           it selfe
           ,
           you
           must
           know
           that
           the
           Haisell
           ground
           being
           dry
           ,
           and
           not
           subiect
           to
           Winter-springs
           ,
           or
           teares
           of
           water
           (
           for
           ,
           which
           some
           call
           such
           ,
           A
           whining
           or
           weeping
           ground
           )
           is
           to
           be
           handled
           thus
           .
        
         
           First
           ,
           
           plough
           it
           as
           deepe
           as
           you
           can
           ,
           with
           the
           strength
           
           of
           eight
           beasts
           at
           the
           least
           ;
           and
           be
           not
           afraid
           to
           plough
           vp
           some
           part
           of
           the
           dead
           earth
           that
           lieth
           vnder
           the
           vpper
           good
           Mould
           ,
           for
           the
           Sunne
           ,
           the
           Raine
           ,
           the
           Wind
           ,
           and
           the
           Frost
           ,
           will
           in
           time
           mellow
           and
           amend
           it
           ;
           and
           besides
           that
           ,
           the
           Mould
           :
           will
           be
           the
           deeper
           for
           a
           long
           time
           after
           ,
           and
           thereby
           keepe
           it selfe
           the
           longer
           from
           being
           stiffened
           with
           the
           Marle
           .
           Then
           may
           you
           bestow
           500.
           
           Courtloads
           (
           as
           we
           call
           them
           )
           of
           Marle
           vpon
           each
           Acre
           thereof
           ,
           euery
           load
           containing
           10.
           or
           12.
           
           Bushels
           of
           eight
           Gallons
           ,
           and
           each
           Acre
           containing
           160.
           
           Rods
           of
           16.
           foot
           and
           a
           halfe
           to
           the
           Rod.
           Then
           also
           you
           may
           chuse
           whether
           ,
           at
           the
           first
           breaking
           vp
           ,
           you
           will
           sow
           it
           with
           Oates
           ,
           to
           kill
           the
           grasse
           ,
           or
           else
           first
           marle
           it
           ,
           and
           sow
           it
           with
           Wheat
           ,
           or
           otherwise
           Summer-fallow
           it
           ,
           in
           the
           May
           after
           the
           Oates
           ,
           and
           then
           Marle
           it
           ,
           and
           sow
           it
           with
           Wheat
           .
           Vpon
           that
           fallow
           or
           Gratten
           (
           as
           we
           call
           it
           ,
           )
           you
           shall
           doe
           well
           to
           sow
           it
           with
           Pease
           ,
           and
           at
           Michaelmas
           following
           ,
           to
           sow
           that
           Pease-stubble
           or
           Gratten
           with
           Wheat
           againe
           ,
           which
           also
           will
           be
           the
           better
           ,
           if
           the
           Summer
           wherein
           it
           carried
           Pease
           ,
           were
           moist
           ,
           because
           the
           Pease
           being
           rich
           and
           thicke
           ,
           doe
           destroy
           the
           Grasse
           ,
           that
           together
           with
           the
           washing
           of
           the
           fallowes
           by
           raine
           ,
           doth
           greatly
           consume
           the
           heart
           and
           vertue
           ;
           or
           ,
           as
           wee
           call
           it
           ,
           the
           state
           of
           the
           ground
           .
           But
           if
           that
           Summer
           were
           dry
           ,
           then
           is
           a
           fallow
           best
           ,
           because
           the
           Sunne
           with
           his
           heat
           doth
           much
           good
           to
           the
           ground
           ,
           and
           inableth
           it
           the
           better
           to
           beare
           out
           the
           weather
           in
           the
           Wheat
           season
           ensuing
           .
           If
           you
           like
           to
           sow
           it
           ,
           as
           I
           said
           ,
           with
           Pease
           ,
           sow
           them
           as
           early
           and
           timely
           as
           you
           may
           ,
           for
           they
           will
           be
           so
           much
           the
           sooner
           haruested
           ,
           and
           then
           also
           you
           may
           plough
           or
           stir
           your
           Gratten
           the
           sooner
           ,
           wherby
           it
           will
           bee
           the
           better
           hardened
           to
           beare
           out
           the
           weather
           in
           the
           time
           of
           sowing
           of
           your
           Wheat
           :
           but
           I
           doubt
           ,
           Pease
           doth
           somewhat
           stiffen
           it
           .
           
           Two
           bushels
           of
           Wheat
           doe
           suffice
           for
           the
           sowing
           of
           an
           Acre
           hereof
           ,
           except
           it
           be
           for
           the
           first
           Crop
           ,
           after
           the
           new
           breaking
           vp
           of
           the
           ground
           ;
           during
           which
           time
           ,
           there
           is
           found
           a
           Worme
           ,
           called
           an
           Emble
           ,
           which
           in
           French
           signifieth
           Corne
           in
           the
           ground
           ,
           being
           of
           colour
           yellow
           ,
           and
           of
           an
           inch
           in
           length
           ,
           that
           will
           eat
           some
           part
           of
           the
           Corne
           ;
           but
           if
           you
           sow
           it
           thicke
           ,
           it
           will
           bee
           both
           small-eared
           and
           thicke
           ,
           and
           slender
           of
           straw
           ,
           which
           the
           Raine
           and
           Winde
           will
           beat
           and
           hurlee
           downe
           ,
           and
           then
           it
           will
           scarcely
           rise
           againe
           ;
           or
           if
           it
           doe
           ,
           yet
           through
           the
           neerenesse
           of
           the
           shadow
           of
           the
           Trees
           and
           Hedges
           ,
           that
           in
           so
           small
           Closes
           be
           many
           ,
           it
           will
           rather
           rot
           for
           want
           of
           drying
           ,
           then
           come
           to
           maturity
           ,
           that
           is
           ,
           to
           perfect
           hard
           ,
           and
           full
           growne
           Corne.
           After
           your
           first
           marling
           ,
           you
           must
           carefully
           foresee
           ,
           that
           you
           plough
           not
           this
           ground
           either
           with
           deepe
           or
           broad
           Furrowes
           ,
           but
           fleet
           and
           narrow
           ,
           lest
           you
           cast
           your
           Marle
           into
           the
           dead
           mould
           ;
           for
           Marle
           differeth
           much
           from
           Dongue
           in
           this
           behalfe
           ;
           Dongue
           spendeth
           it selfe
           vpward
           ,
           and
           howsoeuer
           deepe
           it
           lye
           ,
           the
           vertue
           thereof
           will
           ascend
           :
           but
           Marle
           (
           as
           saith
           Sir
           
             Walter
             Henly
          
           ,
           
           in
           his
           Husbandry
           )
           sendeth
           his
           vertue
           downeward
           ,
           and
           must
           therefore
           bee
           kept
           aloft
           ,
           and
           may
           not
           bee
           buried
           in
           any
           wise
           .
           Furthermore
           ,
           if
           your
           ground
           be
           hillish
           or
           coppied
           ,
           it
           shall
           be
           fit
           that
           you
           make
           your
           Ridges
           7.
           or
           8.
           foot
           broad
           at
           the
           least
           ;
           for
           in
           such
           falling
           lands
           ,
           the
           more
           broad
           Furrowes
           you
           make
           ,
           as
           you
           must
           make
           many
           ,
           where
           you
           make
           small
           Ridges
           ,
           the
           more
           of
           your
           Marle
           shall
           be
           washed
           and
           carried
           into
           the
           bottomes
           .
           It
           is
           good
           also
           to
           draw
           a
           crosse
           or
           quarter
           Furrow
           ,
           and
           opening
           the
           ends
           of
           all
           your
           land
           Furrowes
           into
           it
           ,
           to
           leaue
           the
           other
           ends
           of
           your
           Furrowes
           stopped
           ,
           that
           the
           water-shoot
           runne
           not
           all
           the
           length
           of
           the
           field
           .
           Againe
           ,
           this
           ground
           would
           alwaies
           bee
           sowne
           vnder
           furrow
           ,
           
           and
           that
           also
           before
           Michaelmas
           ,
           if
           the
           season
           will
           so
           permit
           :
           for
           this
           ground
           (
           if
           it
           be
           well
           husbanded
           )
           will
           bee
           mellow
           and
           hollow
           ,
           or
           loose
           ,
           whereby
           through
           Raine
           and
           Frost
           ,
           it
           would
           sinke
           downe
           from
           the
           root
           of
           the
           Wheat
           ;
           if
           it
           should
           bee
           sowne
           aboue
           Furrow
           ,
           the
           which
           being
           vncouered
           ,
           must
           needs
           bee
           bitten
           and
           killed
           with
           the
           cold
           .
           It
           is
           also
           very
           fit
           that
           you
           harrow
           not
           this
           sort
           of
           ground
           too
           small
           ,
           but
           that
           you
           leaue
           the
           clods
           as
           big
           as
           a
           Bowle
           ,
           the
           which
           being
           mouldred
           with
           the
           frost
           ,
           will
           both
           couer
           and
           keepe
           warme
           what
           is
           vnderneath
           it
           .
           Moreouer
           ,
           it
           shall
           be
           good
           ,
           that
           vpon
           some
           faire
           and
           dry
           day
           ,
           in
           the
           beginning
           of
           March
           ,
           you
           put
           your
           flocke
           of
           Sheepe
           into
           your
           Wheat
           ,
           that
           with
           their
           trampling
           vpon
           it
           ,
           the
           Corne
           may
           be
           well
           and
           fast
           closed
           with
           the
           earth
           ;
           yea
           ,
           &
           presently
           after
           (
           if
           it
           wil
           beare
           foot
           )
           you
           may
           roll
           it
           as
           you
           doe
           Barley
           ,
           whereby
           both
           the
           Clods
           shall
           be
           broken
           ,
           and
           the
           Gratten
           or
           stubble
           shall
           be
           more
           euen
           and
           ready
           for
           the
           Mower
           .
           Generally
           you
           must
           vnderstand
           ,
           that
           after
           you
           haue
           bestowed
           your
           Marle
           in
           the
           field
           ,
           you
           ought
           to
           let
           it
           lie
           vnspred
           abroad
           ,
           vntill
           you
           be
           ready
           to
           plough
           ,
           and
           then
           immediatly
           after
           the
           spreading
           of
           it
           ,
           turne
           it
           into
           the
           ground
           with
           the
           Plough
           ;
           for
           otherwise
           ,
           if
           it
           should
           lie
           long
           spred
           in
           the
           field
           ,
           the
           Sunne
           will
           spend
           no
           small
           part
           of
           the
           fatnesse
           thereof
           ,
           although
           I
           know
           many
           desire
           it
           ,
           because
           it
           will
           be
           the
           smaller
           being
           burned
           with
           the
           Sunne
           ,
           which
           I
           like
           not
           .
           And
           therefore
           also
           no
           good
           Husband
           will
           carry
           and
           spend
           his
           dongue
           in
           the
           time
           of
           Summer
           ,
           except
           he
           doe
           presently
           withall
           plough
           it
           into
           the
           ground
           ;
           for
           although
           the
           Mould
           of
           the
           arable
           Land
           it selfe
           will
           take
           good
           ,
           if
           it
           be
           turned
           to
           the
           Sunne
           ,
           which
           will
           both
           dry
           and
           fasten
           it
           ,
           yet
           the
           matter
           fareth
           farre
           otherwise
           with
           the
           Marle
           ,
           from
           which
           if
           the
           Sunne
           shall
           draw
           and
           sucke
           
           the
           fat
           moisture
           that
           maketh
           the
           Land
           fertile
           ,
           then
           becōmeth
           it
           (
           as
           Columella
           speaketh
           )
           of
           the
           worst
           sort
           of
           ground
           ,
           
             Solum
             siccum
             ,
             pariter
             &
             densum
             &
             macrum
             ,
             quod
             siue
             exerceatur
             ,
             siue
             cessat
             ,
             colono
             refugiendum
             est
             .
          
           It
           becommeth
           (
           saith
           he
           )
           a
           dry
           ,
           thicke
           ,
           and
           leane
           Clod
           ,
           which
           whether
           it
           be
           tilled
           or
           laid
           to
           rest
           ,
           must
           be
           forsaken
           of
           the
           Husbandman
           ,
           as
           vnprofitable
           .
           And
           now
           your
           Haisell
           mould
           being
           thus
           marled
           ,
           ploughed
           ,
           sowne
           ,
           and
           manured
           ,
           you
           may
           not
           charge
           with
           Wheat
           aboue
           twice
           ,
           and
           then
           must
           it
           rest
           5.
           or
           6.
           yeeres
           together
           ;
           all
           which
           time
           it
           will
           beare
           a
           very
           good
           and
           sweet
           Pasture
           ,
           well
           set
           with
           a
           white
           Clouer
           ,
           or
           three-leaued
           grasse
           ,
           most
           batning
           and
           profitable
           ,
           both
           for
           Sheepe
           and
           Bullocks
           .
           After
           those
           yeeres
           ended
           ,
           it
           will
           grow
           to
           some
           Mosse
           ,
           or
           wil
           peraduenture
           cast
           vp
           Broome
           ,
           and
           then
           it
           is
           time
           to
           breake
           it
           vp
           ,
           and
           sow
           and
           handle
           it
           as
           before
           ,
           for
           two
           other
           Wheat
           seasons
           or
           Crops
           ,
           leauing
           it
           a
           Wheat-Gratten
           or
           stubble
           ,
           rather
           then
           with
           an
           Oat-Gratten
           or
           stubble
           ,
           which
           burneth
           the
           Land
           being
           marled
           .
           Being
           thus
           interchangeably
           sowed
           and
           rested
           ,
           your
           Haisell
           Mould
           will
           continue
           good
           arable
           and
           Pasture
           ,
           by
           the
           space
           of
           30.
           yeeres
           together
           ,
           whereas
           if
           it
           should
           be
           continually
           sowed
           ,
           6.7
           .
           or
           more
           yeeres
           together
           without
           rest
           ,
           it
           will
           become
           vtterly
           vnfruitfull
           ,
           both
           for
           Corne
           and
           Cattell
           also
           .
           Neither
           will
           it
           any
           thing
           auaile
           to
           marle
           it
           ouer
           againe
           when
           it
           is
           so
           decayed
           ,
           because
           the
           former
           Marle
           hauing
           his
           iuice
           exhausted
           by
           continuall
           Tillage
           ,
           whereof
           the
           Corne
           sucketh
           one
           part
           ,
           and
           the
           Sunne
           ,
           Winde
           and
           Weather
           dryeth
           and
           wasteth
           the
           rest
           ,
           is
           but
           a
           dead
           Clod
           (
           as
           I
           said
           )
           that
           is
           not
           capable
           of
           new
           Marle
           to
           amend
           it
           ,
           nor
           casteth
           any
           profitable
           grasse
           at
           all
           ;
           for
           proofe
           hereof
           ,
           I
           my selfe
           ,
           seeing
           that
           the
           common
           earth
           of
           High-waies
           ,
           were
           by
           treading
           of
           Cattell
           ,
           washing
           of
           Raine
           ,
           and
           the
           drying
           of
           the
           Sunne
           and
           weather
           ,
           
           it
           lay
           separated
           from
           that
           naturall
           iuice
           which
           it
           hath
           in
           the
           pit
           ,
           and
           spreading
           it
           vpon
           the
           grounnd
           ,
           I
           saw
           that
           the
           land
           was
           not
           onely
           not
           amended
           ,
           but
           much
           the
           worse
           by
           it
           .
           And
           now
           for
           an
           end
           of
           handling
           this
           sort
           of
           Haisell
           ground
           ;
           if
           it
           shall
           appeare
           vnto
           you
           ,
           that
           500.
           loads
           of
           Marle
           vpon
           the
           Acre
           ,
           haue
           clanged
           ,
           stiffened
           ,
           and
           too
           fast
           bound
           your
           land
           (
           as
           indeede
           the
           nature
           of
           Marle
           is
           to
           binde
           and
           to
           stiffen
           )
           then
           take
           you
           some
           of
           these
           waies
           to
           helpe
           it
           :
           either
           rest
           4.
           or
           5.
           yeeres
           ,
           or
           fodder
           vpon
           it
           before
           you
           breake
           it
           vp
           with
           so
           many
           Cattell
           as
           you
           may
           ;
           or
           take
           the
           vppermost
           part
           of
           your
           Ditches
           or
           Forelands
           ,
           or
           waste
           places
           of
           your
           fields
           ,
           which
           you
           may
           mingle
           with
           Dongue
           ,
           and
           which
           ,
           before
           you
           sow
           your
           Wheat
           ,
           you
           may
           lay
           vpon
           your
           fallow
           ,
           and
           stir
           it
           in
           with
           your
           Plough
           ,
           and
           by
           this
           you
           shall
           both
           loosen
           your
           Marle
           ,
           and
           refresh
           your
           ground
           ,
           so
           that
           within
           40.
           yeeres
           the
           Mould
           of
           your
           ground
           will
           cleane
           eat
           vp
           and
           swallow
           the
           Marle
           that
           you
           lay
           vpon
           it
           ;
           and
           then
           become
           hungry
           ,
           and
           as
           capable
           of
           Marle
           againe
           as
           it
           was
           before
           at
           the
           first
           .
           And
           by
           this
           also
           ,
           you
           may
           see
           the
           very
           cause
           for
           which
           it
           is
           good
           not
           to
           sow
           your
           marled
           Land
           continually
           ,
           but
           to
           pasture
           it
           by
           turnes
           and
           so
           giue
           it
           rest
           ;
           namely
           ,
           because
           the
           continuall
           ploughing
           doth
           exhaust
           and
           spend
           the
           fat
           of
           the
           Marle
           ,
           leauing
           the
           drossie
           ,
           dry
           ,
           and
           fruitlesse
           parts
           thereof
           ,
           to
           lie
           and
           couer
           the
           face
           of
           your
           ground
           ;
           whereas
           Pasturage
           ,
           through
           the
           donguing
           ,
           treading
           ,
           &
           foddering
           of
           Cattell
           ,
           doth
           increase
           a
           new
           Mould
           ,
           which
           mingling
           it selfe
           with
           the
           dead
           Mould
           ,
           doth
           in
           the
           end
           giue
           some
           life
           and
           heart
           vnto
           it
           .
           And
           therefore
           these
           Farmours
           and
           owners
           that
           haue
           beene
           at
           the
           cost
           to
           marle
           their
           ground
           ,
           and
           will
           not
           forbeare
           to
           till
           it
           ,
           but
           hasting
           to
           raise
           their
           charge
           ,
           doe
           thereby
           vtterly
           strike
           it
           with
           barrennesse
           ,
           are
           like
           to
           Aesops
           man
           ,
           who
           hauing
           
           a
           Henne
           that
           layed
           him
           euery
           day
           a
           golden
           Egge
           ,
           and
           being
           greedy
           to
           haue
           all
           the
           gold
           at
           once
           ,
           did
           therefore
           kill
           the
           Henne
           ,
           thinking
           to
           haue
           found
           her
           bellie
           full
           of
           gold
           ,
           and
           so
           was
           both
           defrauded
           of
           that
           hee
           looked
           for
           ,
           and
           lost
           also
           what
           hee
           had
           before
           .
           Hitherto
           of
           the
           nature
           ,
           ordering
           and
           marling
           of
           this
           Haisell
           ground
           .
           Generally
           now
           for
           the
           continuall
           fallowing
           and
           stirring
           thereof
           ,
           you
           must
           vnderstand
           ,
           it
           may
           neither
           be
           fallowed
           wet
           ,
           lest
           it
           answer
           more
           Grasse
           then
           Corne
           ;
           nor
           yet
           so
           dry
           ,
           that
           the
           dead
           bottome
           swell
           vp
           ,
           as
           in
           great
           drought
           it
           will
           ,
           and
           swallow
           the
           good
           Mould
           that
           lieth
           aboue
           ,
           and
           therefore
           binde
           not
           your selfe
           to
           any
           precise
           time
           of
           any
           moneth
           ,
           but
           the
           opportunity
           either
           in
           May
           or
           Iune
           ,
           as
           you
           shall
           finde
           the
           weather
           to
           haue
           prepared
           it
           for
           your
           desire
           .
           In
           the
           like
           temper
           you
           ought
           to
           stirre
           it
           after
           a
           showre
           ,
           after
           Saint
           Iames
           his
           day
           ,
           or
           in
           the
           end
           of
           Iuly
           ;
           for
           so
           will
           it
           be
           dry
           and
           hard
           before
           the
           time
           of
           sowing
           ,
           whereas
           if
           it
           bee
           stirred
           later
           ,
           euery
           small
           Raine
           will
           distemper
           it
           into
           Dirt
           or
           Mire
           ,
           by
           reason
           of
           the
           tendernesse
           thereof
           ,
           and
           then
           can
           you
           not
           fitly
           bestow
           your
           Seede
           vpon
           it
           .
        
         
           The
           Marle
           Cope
           ground
           followeth
           ,
           which
           is
           most
           commonly
           (
           as
           I
           said
           )
           a
           stiffe
           ,
           
           wet
           ,
           cold
           Clay
           ,
           and
           not
           so
           fit
           as
           the
           former
           to
           bee
           marled
           for
           Corne
           ,
           except
           in
           some
           few
           fleete
           places
           thereof
           ,
           but
           yet
           it
           may
           serue
           for
           Pasture
           or
           for
           Oates
           ;
           such
           of
           them
           as
           bee
           marled
           ,
           must
           be
           fallowed
           fleet
           or
           shallow
           ,
           lest
           the
           Marle
           become
           drowned
           in
           the
           wet
           :
           then
           being
           marled
           ,
           they
           may
           in
           dry
           Summers
           (
           and
           not
           ouer-moist
           Countries
           )
           beare
           Wheat
           in
           some
           mediocrity
           .
           Three
           hundred
           loads
           at
           the
           most
           of
           Marle
           are
           sufficient
           for
           an
           Acre
           of
           this
           kinde
           ,
           and
           two
           bushels
           and
           a
           halfe
           of
           Wheat
           will
           sow
           
           the
           same
           ,
           which
           must
           be
           cast
           aboue
           Furrow
           fourteene
           or
           twenty
           daies
           before
           Michaelmas
           .
           It
           requireth
           round
           ,
           high
           and
           narrow
           Ridges
           ,
           and
           that
           the
           water-Furrowes
           be
           stricken
           somewhat
           deepe
           ,
           the
           better
           to
           conueigh
           moisture
           from
           the
           Corne
           ,
           and
           that
           it
           be
           left
           cloddy
           as
           much
           as
           may
           be
           :
           and
           yet
           to
           say
           the
           truth
           ,
           such
           as
           will
           conuert
           this
           sort
           of
           ground
           to
           tillage
           ,
           must
           prouide
           a
           greater
           quantity
           of
           rich
           ground
           or
           Greet
           (
           as
           wee
           tearme
           it
           )
           and
           of
           fat
           Dongue
           ,
           then
           of
           Marle
           it selfe
           ,
           to
           amend
           this
           Land
           withall
           .
           But
           if
           there
           bee
           any
           ground
           that
           is
           light
           and
           whining
           ,
           or
           weeping
           ,
           because
           of
           Springs
           that
           are
           therein
           ,
           
           and
           therewith
           doth
           cast
           vp
           Rushes
           ,
           let
           that
           be
           marled
           vpon
           the
           greene
           land
           with
           foure
           hundred
           or
           fiue
           hundred
           loads
           vpon
           the
           Acre
           ,
           about
           the
           latter
           end
           of
           Summer
           ;
           for
           so
           will
           the
           Marle
           sinke
           into
           it
           ,
           and
           cast
           vp
           a
           sweet
           grasse
           for
           eight
           or
           ten
           yeeres
           together
           ,
           and
           vntill
           that
           the
           Marle
           be
           sunke
           so
           low
           ,
           that
           another
           sword
           or
           crust
           of
           earth
           bee
           growne
           ouer
           it
           ,
           and
           then
           is
           it
           fit
           time
           to
           plough
           it
           ,
           but
           yet
           very
           fleet
           and
           narrow
           ,
           for
           so
           will
           it
           beare
           good
           Oates
           ;
           but
           if
           it
           bee
           so
           wet
           that
           you
           cannot
           aduenture
           to
           sow
           your
           Wheat
           vpon
           it
           ,
           because
           the
           Rushes
           bee
           not
           killed
           with
           this
           first
           ploughing
           ,
           then
           may
           you
           sow
           it
           againe
           with
           Oates
           ,
           drawing
           good
           water-furrowes
           to
           draine
           it
           ,
           because
           it
           will
           be
           the
           wetter
           for
           ploughing
           ,
           and
           thereby
           the
           Marle
           also
           will
           the
           sooner
           lose
           his
           force
           ;
           thus
           doing
           ,
           let
           it
           lie
           to
           Pasture
           againe
           .
        
         
           There
           be
           some
           other
           grounds
           of
           the
           Marle
           Cope
           ,
           which
           carry
           a
           sowre
           Grasse
           ,
           
           and
           the
           Dyers
           Weed
           (
           commonly
           called
           Greening
           weed
           )
           and
           hauing
           a
           great
           tore
           thereof
           ,
           the
           which
           also
           may
           be
           amended
           by
           three
           hundred
           or
           foure
           hundred
           load
           of
           Marle
           vpon
           the
           Acre
           of
           the
           greene
           Land
           :
           for
           the
           Marle
           will
           both
           rot
           the
           tore
           or
           
           vesture
           thereof
           ,
           and
           also
           inrich
           the
           Mould
           very
           much
           ;
           so
           as
           it
           will
           answer
           good
           Pasture
           twelue
           yeeres
           after
           :
           and
           when
           you
           shall
           perceiue
           that
           the
           Marle
           is
           well
           sunke
           ,
           then
           may
           it
           bee
           ploughed
           fleet
           and
           narrow
           ,
           sowed
           with
           Oates
           ,
           and
           fallowed
           ;
           so
           may
           it
           both
           beare
           good
           Wheat
           ,
           if
           it
           finde
           a
           good
           season
           ,
           and
           bee
           the
           richer
           a
           long
           time
           after
           ,
           partly
           by
           the
           benefit
           of
           the
           Marle
           ,
           partly
           by
           the
           rotting
           of
           the
           tore
           ,
           and
           sword
           ,
           and
           partly
           by
           the
           dongue
           and
           water
           of
           the
           Cattel
           that
           pasture
           vpon
           it
           :
           for
           the
           sweeter
           the
           Pasture
           is
           ,
           the
           more
           Beasts
           it
           feedeth
           ,
           and
           the
           more
           beasts
           it
           beareth
           ,
           the
           more
           it selfe
           is
           amended
           by
           it
           .
        
         
           Touching
           the
           fallowing
           of
           this
           ground
           ,
           great
           heed
           is
           required
           :
           for
           as
           it
           swelleth
           more
           then
           the
           Haisell
           ground
           ,
           if
           it
           be
           taken
           hard
           and
           dry
           ,
           so
           is
           it
           more
           grassie
           then
           that
           ,
           or
           the
           sandy
           Soyle
           ,
           if
           you
           fallow
           it
           wet
           :
           The
           season
           therefore
           followeth
           commonly
           in
           Aprill
           ,
           or
           in
           the
           beginning
           of
           May
           ,
           for
           to
           fallow
           it
           ,
           and
           to
           stirre
           it
           about
           Midsummer
           ,
           or
           so
           soone
           after
           as
           the
           Raine
           shall
           haue
           prepared
           it
           meet
           for
           your
           vn-shod
           Oxen
           to
           labour
           vpon
           it
           .
           Many
           men
           fearing
           to
           hit
           the
           right
           season
           for
           this
           ground
           in
           the
           Spring
           of
           the
           yeere
           ,
           doe
           make
           it
           ready
           by
           a
           Winter
           fallow
           before
           Christmas
           ,
           and
           by
           stirring
           it
           before
           Midsummer
           ,
           if
           they
           may
           ;
           which
           manner
           is
           not
           to
           be
           misliked
           .
        
         
           Lastly
           ,
           commeth
           the
           two
           sorts
           of
           sandy
           ground
           ,
           
           and
           grauelly
           Mould
           ;
           the
           one
           being
           to
           be
           ordered
           much
           after
           the
           Haisell
           Mould
           ,
           sauing
           he
           would
           haue
           somewhat
           more
           Marle
           ,
           and
           also
           would
           be
           fauoured
           more
           in
           the
           often
           tillage
           ,
           then
           it
           :
           for
           the
           Haisell
           Mould
           will
           beare
           or
           indure
           more
           tillage
           then
           the
           Sand.
           But
           this
           last
           sort
           of
           sandy
           ground
           ,
           being
           a
           very
           staring
           Sand
           (
           as
           we
           vse
           to
           call
           it
           )
           for
           much
           of
           it
           will
           beare
           Heathe
           ,
           being
           of
           it selfe
           very
           barren
           ,
           
           and
           very
           fleet
           or
           shallow
           Mould
           ,
           and
           ouer-hot
           and
           dry
           ,
           and
           ,
           by
           reason
           of
           that
           extremity
           ,
           is
           vnfertill
           ,
           except
           it
           be
           marled
           very
           plentifully
           .
           And
           therefore
           when
           you
           breake
           vp
           this
           ground
           ,
           plough
           it
           as
           deepe
           as
           you
           may
           ,
           not
           fearing
           to
           cast
           downe
           the
           best
           Mould
           thereof
           ,
           because
           the
           Marle
           will
           pierce
           thorow
           ,
           and
           sinke
           downe
           into
           it
           .
           An
           Acre
           of
           this
           ground
           requireth
           fiue
           hundred
           or
           sixe
           hundred
           loads
           of
           your
           Marle
           at
           the
           least
           .
           Sow
           alwaies
           vnder-furrow
           about
           Michaelmas
           ,
           with
           two
           Bushels
           and
           a
           halfe
           vpon
           the
           Acre
           ,
           which
           it
           will
           better
           carry
           then
           the
           Haisell
           ground
           :
           for
           although
           the
           Straw
           be
           small
           ,
           yet
           will
           it
           bee
           harder
           ,
           and
           stand
           better
           then
           that
           of
           the
           other
           .
           The
           worme
           whereof
           I
           spake
           ,
           will
           bee
           busie
           with
           that
           ,
           that
           groweth
           on
           this
           sort
           of
           ground
           ,
           vntill
           that
           the
           heat
           thereof
           be
           somewhat
           asswaged
           by
           the
           Marle
           .
           If
           your
           ground
           be
           hilly
           ,
           make
           your
           Water-furrowes
           in
           such
           sort
           ,
           as
           I
           haue
           said
           before
           ,
           for
           the
           sauing
           both
           of
           your
           Marle
           &
           Mould
           ;
           harrow
           it
           very
           little
           ,
           leaue
           it
           as
           cloddy
           as
           you
           may
           .
           After
           that
           you
           haue
           taken
           a
           Crop
           from
           it
           ;
           fallow
           that
           Wheat
           Gratten
           or
           Stubble
           in
           May
           ;
           after
           that
           ,
           stirre
           it
           also
           ,
           and
           then
           ,
           about
           Michaelmas
           ,
           sow
           it
           with
           Wheat
           againe
           :
           for
           it
           is
           not
           yet
           rich
           enough
           to
           beare
           you
           good
           Pease
           .
           This
           done
           ,
           let
           it
           rest
           foure
           or
           fiue
           yeeres
           ,
           and
           if
           it
           send
           vp
           any
           plenty
           of
           Broome
           ,
           cut
           or
           pull
           them
           when
           they
           bee
           of
           some
           meane
           bignesse
           ,
           but
           plough
           not
           the
           ground
           ,
           vntill
           it
           haue
           taken
           such
           rest
           ,
           and
           after
           it
           ,
           you
           may
           well
           breake
           it
           vp
           of
           new
           ,
           and
           sow
           it
           with
           Oates
           :
           which
           Oate
           Gratten
           or
           Stubble
           ,
           you
           must
           Summer-fallow
           ,
           when
           it
           is
           at
           the
           Haruest
           ;
           and
           then
           if
           you
           desire
           to
           haue
           it
           in
           good
           heart
           ,
           you
           must
           marle
           it
           with
           three
           hundred
           or
           foure
           hundred
           loads
           vpon
           the
           Acre
           againe
           .
           After
           this
           Crop
           thus
           taken
           ,
           rest
           it
           fiue
           or
           sixe
           yeeres
           ,
           and
           then
           take
           one
           Crop
           more
           of
           Oates
           from
           it
           ,
           and
           ,
           after
           a
           Summer-fallow
           ,
           sow
           it
           with
           
           Wheat
           ,
           and
           suffer
           it
           to
           ly
           a
           Wheat
           Gratten
           or
           Stubble
           ,
           till
           it
           shall
           haue
           rested
           as
           before
           ,
           is
           appoynted
           for
           the
           Haisell
           ground
           ,
           and
           so
           will
           it
           be
           the
           better
           thirty
           or
           forty
           yeeres
           after
           the
           marling
           .
           Wee
           haue
           in
           this
           Weald
           a
           sandy
           and
           grauelly
           ground
           that
           is
           wet
           and
           weeping
           ,
           the
           which
           is
           scarcely
           worth
           the
           marling
           ,
           except
           the
           neerenesse
           of
           the
           Marle
           :
           and
           thereby
           the
           small
           cost
           and
           charge
           thereof
           ,
           may
           intice
           a
           man
           to
           bestow
           the
           cost
           vpon
           it
           with
           Marle
           ,
           and
           then
           the
           best
           way
           is
           to
           marle
           vpon
           the
           greene
           Land
           ,
           or
           vpon
           a
           fallow
           ,
           with
           fiue
           hundred
           loads
           or
           more
           vpon
           the
           Acre
           ,
           or
           rather
           to
           take
           the
           profit
           thereof
           by
           Pasture
           then
           by
           Tillage
           :
           for
           it
           will
           hardly
           beare
           good
           Corne
           ,
           which
           is
           soone
           killed
           with
           the
           wet
           vapour
           that
           is
           continually
           sent
           vp
           from
           the
           wet
           Springs
           that
           lye
           vnder
           it
           .
           This
           sort
           of
           ground
           is
           to
           bee
           fallowed
           ,
           when
           it
           is
           both
           hard
           and
           dry
           ,
           because
           it
           swelleth
           not
           as
           doth
           the
           Haisell
           Mould
           ,
           and
           may
           therefore
           be
           taken
           in
           Iune
           ,
           if
           former
           faire
           weather
           bring
           it
           not
           to
           a
           dry
           season
           ;
           and
           it
           is
           to
           bee
           stirred
           also
           after
           a
           showre
           ,
           in
           the
           like
           plight
           as
           the
           Haisell
           mould
           before
           .
           Your
           marleable
           grounds
           being
           ordered
           in
           this
           wise
           ,
           seuerally
           set
           downe
           for
           each
           kinde
           of
           them
           will
           continually
           stand
           fruitfull
           eyther
           for
           Corne
           or
           Pasture
           :
           and
           albeit
           the
           high
           prices
           which
           Corne
           hath
           of
           late
           yeeres
           carryed
           ,
           may
           allure
           some
           men
           to
           sow
           Corne
           incessantly
           ,
           and
           thereby
           to
           spend
           their
           Marle
           ,
           and
           to
           choke
           their
           arable
           in
           the
           end
           ,
           yet
           I
           doubt
           not
           but
           the
           wiser
           sort
           can
           see
           that
           it
           is
           much
           better
           to
           maintaine
           their
           grounds
           hearty
           and
           in
           good
           plight
           for
           euer
           ,
           then
           to
           rayse
           a
           short
           gaine
           ,
           that
           wil
           bring
           a
           long
           &
           perpetual
           losse
           vpon
           them
           ,
           the
           rather
           also
           ,
           because
           that
           Butter
           ,
           Cheese
           ,
           and
           the
           flesh
           of
           Beefe
           and
           Mutton
           ,
           be
           aduanced
           in
           price
           equally
           ,
           if
           not
           beyond
           Wheat
           ,
           Rie
           ,
           Barley
           ,
           and
           the
           other
           Graines
           .
           Howbeit
           a
           good
           Husbandman
           will
           make
           his
           
           profit
           of
           them
           both
           :
           for
           if
           hee
           haue
           one
           hundred
           ,
           or
           one
           hundred
           &
           twenty
           Acres
           of
           this
           Wealdish
           arable
           ,
           he
           will
           so
           marle
           and
           manure
           them
           ,
           that
           diuiding
           his
           Land
           into
           fiue
           or
           sixe
           equall
           parts
           ,
           he
           may
           continually
           plough
           twenty
           or
           fiue
           and
           twenty
           Acres
           for
           Corne
           ,
           and
           yet
           lay
           to
           Pasture
           the
           rest
           by
           turnes
           :
           so
           that
           by
           the
           help
           of
           his
           Marle
           ,
           his
           Land
           shall
           be
           continually
           rich
           and
           profitable
           ,
           both
           in
           the
           one
           and
           other
           of
           them
           .
           And
           as
           thus
           I
           haue
           spoken
           of
           the
           Weald
           ,
           describing
           the
           nature
           and
           property
           thereof
           :
           so
           may
           euery
           man
           of
           discretion
           and
           iudgement
           ,
           which
           shall
           meet
           with
           earth
           of
           the
           same
           quality
           and
           condition
           (
           in
           what
           part
           of
           this
           Kingdome
           soeuer
           )
           make
           application
           of
           these
           Rules
           before
           rehearsed
           ,
           and
           no
           doubt
           but
           the
           profit
           will
           make
           both
           the
           labour
           and
           cost
           ,
           profitable
           and
           pleasant
           .
        
         
           
             The
             seuerall
             wayes
             ,
             according
             to
             the
             opinions
             of
             Writers
             ;
             and
             the
             certaine
             waies
             ,
             according
             to
             the
             experience
             of
             Husbandmen
             ,
             for
             the
             destruction
             of
             Moles
             ,
             or
             Moales
             ,
             which
             digge
             and
             root
             vp
             the
             Earth
             ,
             and
             how
             to
             reduce
             and
             bring
             the
             ground
             to
             the
             first
             goodnesse
             ,
             hauing
             been
             spoyled
             by
             them
             .
          
           
             IT
             is
             needlesse
             eyther
             to
             describe
             the
             nature
             and
             quality
             of
             this
             Vermine
             ,
             or
             the
             iniury
             and
             hurt
             which
             they
             doe
             to
             the
             Husbandman
             ,
             Gardner
             ,
             and
             Planter
             ,
             since
             no
             Countrey
             is
             exempt
             from
             their
             annoyance
             :
             but
             touching
             the
             remedies
             ,
             they
             are
             of
             greater
             secresie
             ,
             and
             therfore
             I
             thought
             good
             in
             this
             place
             to
             insert
             them
             .
          
           
             The
             ancient
             Writers
             are
             of
             diuers
             opinions
             touching
             the
             manner
             of
             destroying
             this
             creature
             ,
             and
             therefore
             haue
             left
             vnto
             vs
             sundry
             Medicines
             how
             to
             worke
             the
             same
             :
             amongst
             the
             which
             ,
             one
             writeth
             ,
             as
             an
             approued
             experiment
             ,
             that
             if
             you
             take
             Walnut-shells
             ,
             and
             fill
             them
             with
             Brimstone
             ,
             Chaffe
             ,
             and
             
             Perrofin
             ,
             and
             then
             setting
             them
             on
             fire
             ,
             put
             them
             into
             holes
             or
             trenches
             ,
             thorow
             which
             the
             Moale
             passeth
             ,
             and
             the
             very
             smell
             or
             stinke
             thereof
             will
             poyson
             them
             ;
             so
             that
             if
             you
             digge
             ,
             you
             shall
             finde
             them
             dead
             in
             their
             holes
             .
          
           
             Another
             affirmeth
             ,
             That
             if
             you
             take
             Brimstone
             ,
             and
             danke
             stinking
             Litter
             of
             Horses
             ,
             and
             burne
             it
             in
             the
             holes
             or
             haunts
             of
             the
             Moales
             ,
             it
             also
             will
             impoyson
             them
             ;
             so
             as
             you
             shall
             finde
             they
             wil
             come
             out
             of
             their
             Caues
             ,
             and
             lye
             dead
             vpon
             the
             greene
             Grasse
             .
          
           
             A
             third
             affirmes
             ,
             That
             if
             you
             take
             greene
             Leekes
             ,
             Garlicke
             ,
             or
             Onyons
             ,
             and
             chopping
             them
             grossely
             ,
             thrust
             it
             into
             the
             hoales
             ,
             and
             the
             very
             fume
             or
             sauour
             thereof
             will
             so
             astonish
             and
             amaze
             the
             Moales
             ,
             that
             they
             will
             presently
             forsake
             the
             Earth
             ,
             and
             falling
             into
             a
             trance
             ,
             you
             may
             take
             them
             vp
             with
             your
             hands
             .
             Now
             there
             is
             not
             any
             of
             these
             Medicines
             which
             can
             bee
             disallowed
             :
             for
             there
             is
             no
             doubt
             but
             that
             they
             will
             worke
             the
             effects
             spoken
             of
             ,
             if
             the
             Moale
             can
             be
             brought
             to
             take
             a
             full
             sent
             thereof
             :
             but
             it
             is
             a
             Vermine
             curious
             of
             sent
             ,
             and
             passing
             quicke
             of
             hearing
             ,
             and
             being
             in
             a
             spacious
             ground
             ,
             will
             preuent
             these
             baits
             ;
             and
             therefore
             they
             are
             rather
             to
             be
             applyed
             for
             Gardens
             or
             little
             grounds
             ,
             where
             there
             is
             but
             a
             Moale
             or
             two
             ,
             then
             in
             large
             Fields
             ,
             where
             there
             be
             many
             hundreds
             .
          
           
             To
             conclude
             ,
             for
             this
             matter
             of
             Medicines
             ,
             or
             for
             the
             helping
             of
             Gardens
             ,
             Hopyards
             ,
             or
             any
             small
             spot
             of
             ground
             ,
             there
             is
             not
             any
             thing
             held
             more
             auayleable
             ,
             then
             to
             sow
             in
             that
             place
             the
             Hearbe
             called
             
               Palma
               Christi
            
             :
             for
             it
             is
             found
             by
             certaine
             experience
             ,
             that
             wheresoeuer
             that
             Hearbe
             groweth
             naturally
             of
             it selfe
             ,
             or
             otherwise
             is
             eyther
             purposely
             sowne
             or
             planted
             ,
             there
             in
             no
             wise
             will
             any
             Moale
             abide
             .
          
           
             Thus
             much
             I
             thought
             good
             to
             shew
             you
             for
             the
             vse
             of
             Medicine
             ,
             and
             for
             clearing
             of
             small
             grounds
             :
             now
             for
             the
             annoyances
             which
             happen
             to
             great
             ,
             large
             ,
             and
             spacious
             Fields
             ,
             through
             the
             multitude
             of
             Moales
             ;
             there
             are
             only
             three
             absolute
             wayes
             for
             the
             curing
             of
             the
             same
             .
          
           
             The
             first
             is
             ,
             in
             the
             moneths
             of
             March
             and
             Aprill
             ,
             to
             view
             where
             they
             cast
             ,
             and
             goe
             about
             to
             make
             an
             extraordinary
             great
             Hill
             ,
             in
             which
             they
             build
             them
             Nests
             ,
             which
             is
             knowne
             by
             the
             
             newnesse
             of
             the
             Mould
             ;
             then
             looke
             for
             the
             new
             trench
             which
             leadeth
             to
             the
             same
             ;
             for
             as
             shee
             goeth
             she
             returneth
             :
             then
             with
             your
             Moale-spade
             open
             the
             trench
             in
             diuers
             places
             ,
             and
             then
             very
             still
             and
             silently
             ,
             and
             obseruing
             to
             take
             the
             winde
             ,
             to
             preuent
             both
             hearing
             and
             smelling
             ,
             watch
             the
             Moale
             as
             shee
             goeth
             or
             returneth
             ,
             which
             is
             ,
             Morning
             ,
             Noone
             ,
             and
             Euening
             ,
             and
             as
             soone
             as
             you
             see
             her
             cast
             ,
             strike
             her
             with
             your
             Moale-speare
             ,
             made
             of
             many
             sharpe
             pikes
             ,
             and
             so
             cast
             her
             vp
             ,
             and
             kill
             her
             .
             Thus
             haue
             I
             seene
             ,
             by
             one
             man
             ,
             an
             hundred
             destroyed
             in
             one
             day
             .
          
           
             The
             next
             infallible
             way
             for
             the
             destruction
             of
             Moales
             is
             :
             If
             you
             can
             by
             any
             possible
             meanes
             bring
             in
             water
             to
             ouerflow
             and
             wash
             your
             ground
             ,
             and
             as
             soone
             as
             the
             earth
             is
             wet
             ouer
             ,
             the
             Moales
             will
             come
             forth
             of
             themselues
             ,
             and
             you
             may
             gather
             them
             vp
             with
             your
             hands
             at
             pleasure
             .
          
           
             The
             last
             (
             indeed
             as
             much
             approued
             as
             any
             )
             is
             to
             take
             a
             liue
             Moale
             in
             the
             moneth
             of
             March
             ,
             which
             is
             their
             bucking
             or
             ingendring
             time
             ,
             and
             put
             it
             into
             a
             deepe
             brasse
             Bason
             ,
             or
             other
             deepe
             smooth
             Vessell
             ,
             out
             of
             which
             the
             Moale
             cannot
             creepe
             ,
             and
             then
             at
             euening
             bury
             it
             in
             the
             earth
             vp
             to
             the
             brimme
             ,
             and
             so
             leaue
             it
             ,
             and
             the
             imprisoned
             Moale
             will
             presently
             beginne
             to
             shrike
             ,
             or
             complaine
             or
             call
             ,
             so
             that
             all
             the
             Moales
             in
             the
             ground
             will
             come
             to
             it
             ,
             and
             tumbling
             into
             the
             Vessell
             ,
             they
             are
             prisoners
             also
             ,
             and
             the
             more
             prisoners
             ,
             the
             greater
             will
             bee
             the
             noise
             ;
             and
             the
             more
             noise
             ,
             the
             more
             Moales
             will
             come
             to
             the
             rescue
             ,
             so
             that
             I
             haue
             seene
             50.
             or
             60.
             taken
             in
             one
             night
             ,
             and
             in
             one
             Vessell
             or
             brasse
             Kettle
             .
          
           
             Now
             ,
             hauing
             thus
             learned
             how
             to
             destroy
             the
             Moales
             ,
             it
             is
             meet
             you
             also
             know
             how
             to
             preuent
             the
             comming
             in
             of
             forraigne
             Moales
             ;
             because
             though
             you
             keepe
             your
             ground
             neuer
             so
             cleane
             ,
             yet
             if
             your
             next
             neighbour
             be
             an
             ill
             Husband
             ,
             his
             field
             may
             soone
             impoyson
             yours
             againe
             :
             therefore
             to
             preuent
             the
             comming
             in
             of
             any
             forraigne
             Moale
             ,
             make
             but
             little
             Furrowes
             or
             Trenches
             about
             your
             ground
             ,
             and
             scatter
             in
             them
             small
             round
             Balls
             made
             of
             Hempseede
             ,
             or
             Hempseede
             and
             
               Palmae
               Christi
            
             beaten
             together
             ,
             and
             you
             shall
             not
             neede
             to
             feare
             the
             comming
             in
             of
             any
             neighbour-Moales
             ,
             how
             many
             soeuer
             there
             be
             about
             you
             .
          
           
           
             Lastly
             ,
             for
             the
             reducing
             or
             bringing
             the
             ground
             to
             the
             first
             perfection
             againe
             (
             for
             howsoeuer
             some
             Husbandmen
             say
             ,
             Moe
             Moale-hills
             ,
             more
             ground
             ;
             yet
             t
             is
             certaine
             ,
             that
             moe
             Moale
             hils
             ,
             lesse
             good
             ground
             )
             for
             neuer
             yet
             was
             sweet
             grasse
             seene
             on
             a
             Moale-hill
             ;
             therefore
             to
             bring
             it
             to
             perfection
             ,
             which
             I
             meane
             ,
             to
             be
             Meadow-ground
             ,
             or
             ground
             to
             be
             mowne
             ,
             which
             Moale-hills
             cannot
             be
             :
             you
             shall
             first
             with
             a
             sharpe
             Paring-shouell
             ,
             pare
             off
             the
             swarth
             about
             three
             fingers
             deepe
             ,
             for
             feare
             of
             hurting
             the
             roots
             of
             the
             grasse
             ;
             and
             then
             the
             swarth
             taken
             off
             ,
             dig
             away
             the
             rest
             of
             the
             Mould
             ,
             and
             scatter
             it
             as
             small
             as
             you
             can
             round
             about
             the
             Hill
             ,
             then
             take
             the
             greene
             swarth
             ,
             and
             cutting
             it
             artitifically
             ,
             lay
             it
             close
             ,
             and
             fast
             ,
             and
             leuell
             ,
             where
             you
             tooke
             away
             the
             Mould
             ,
             as
             if
             there
             had
             neuer
             beene
             Hill
             there
             :
             and
             thus
             doe
             to
             all
             your
             Hills
             ,
             though
             they
             be
             neuer
             so
             innumerable
             ;
             and
             after
             all
             your
             ground
             is
             leuelled
             ,
             as
             soone
             as
             the
             first
             shewre
             falleth
             ,
             run
             all
             your
             ground
             ouer
             with
             a
             paire
             of
             backe-harrowes
             ,
             or
             an
             Harrow
             made
             of
             a
             Thorne
             bush
             ,
             and
             it
             will
             breake
             the
             Mould
             as
             small
             as
             ashes
             ,
             which
             will
             so
             comfort
             and
             refresh
             the
             root
             of
             the
             grasse
             ,
             that
             it
             will
             grow
             in
             infinite
             abundance
             ;
             and
             the
             sowrenesse
             ,
             which
             was
             caused
             ,
             by
             reason
             of
             the
             Hills
             ,
             will
             come
             againe
             to
             a
             perfect
             sweetnesse
             ,
             and
             the
             Meadow
             will
             be
             more
             fruitfull
             then
             before
             by
             many
             degrees
             .
             And
             thus
             much
             for
             the
             destruction
             of
             Moales
             ,
             and
             reducing
             of
             the
             earth
             to
             his
             first
             goodnesse
             .
          
        
         
           FINIS
           .
        
      
    
     
       
         
         
           
        
      
       
         Notes, typically marginal, from the original text
         
           Notes for div A06937-e300
           
             Further
             additions
             .
          
           
             ●he
             vse
             of
             ●arle
             is
             an●●ent
             .
          
           
             ●●rling
             was
             〈◊〉
             continued
             ,
             〈◊〉
             is
             now
             ●●●iued
             .
          
           
             〈◊〉
             sorts
             〈◊〉
             Marle
             .
          
           
             1
             ,
             2
             ,
             3
             ,
             4.
             
          
           
             Foure
             sort●
             grounds
             .
          
           
             1.
             
          
           
             2.
             
          
           
             3
             ,
             4.
             
          
           
             The
             orde●
             of
             the
             Ha●
             mould
             .
          
           
             Note
             .
          
           
             The
             ord●●
             of
             the
             Ma●●●
             Cope
             gro●●●
             
          
           
             
          
           
             weed
             .
          
           
             The
             order
             of
             the
             san●●
             Moulds
             .