Markhams farwell to husbandry or, The inriching of all sorts of barren and sterill grounds in our kingdome, to be as fruitfull in all manner of graine, pulse, and grasse as the best grounds whatsoeuer together with the anoyances, and preseruation of all graine and seede, from one yeare to many yeares. As also a husbandly computation of men and cattels dayly labours, their expences, charges, and vttermost profits. Attained by trauell and experience, being a worke neuer before handled by any author: and published for the good of the whole kingdome.
         Farewell to husbandry
         Markham, Gervase, 1568?-1637.
      
       
         
           1620
        
      
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             Markhams farwell to husbandry or, The inriching of all sorts of barren and sterill grounds in our kingdome, to be as fruitfull in all manner of graine, pulse, and grasse as the best grounds whatsoeuer together with the anoyances, and preseruation of all graine and seede, from one yeare to many yeares. As also a husbandly computation of men and cattels dayly labours, their expences, charges, and vttermost profits. Attained by trauell and experience, being a worke neuer before handled by any author: and published for the good of the whole kingdome.
             Farewell to husbandry
             Markham, Gervase, 1568?-1637.
          
           [8], 160 p. : ill. (woodcuts)
           
             Printed by I[ohn] B[eale and Augustine Mathewes] for Roger Iackson, and are to be sold at his shop neere Fleete-streete Conduit,
             London :
             1620.
          
           
             Dedication signed: Geruase Markham.
             Printers' names from STC; "Mathewes pr[inted]. quires H to the end".
             Running title reads: The inriching of all sorts of grounds.
             Also issued, with title page cancelled, as part 1 his: A way to get wealth, 1623.
             Reproduction of original in the Henry E. Huntington Library and Art Gallery.
          
        
      
    
     
       
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           Agriculture -- England -- Early works to 1800.
        
      
    
     
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             Markhams
             farwell
             to
          
           HVSBANDRY
           OR
           ,
           The
           inriching
           of
           all
           sorts
           of
           Barren
           and
           Sterrill
           Grounds
           in
           our
           Kingdome
           ,
           to
           be
           as
           fruitfull
           in
           all
           manner
           of
           Graine
           ,
           Pulse
           ,
           and
           Grasse
           as
           the
           best
           Grounds
           whatsoeuer
           :
        
         
           Together
           with
           the
           anoyances
           ,
           and
           preseruation
           of
           all
           Graine
           and
           Seede
           ,
           from
           one
           yeare
           to
           many
           yeares
           .
        
         
           As
           also
           a
           Husbandly
           Computation
           of
           Men
           and
           Cattels
           dayly
           Labours
           ,
           their
           Expences
           ,
           Charges
           ,
           and
           vttermost
           Profits
           .
        
         
           Attained
           by
           Trauell
           and
           Experience
           ,
           being
           a
           Worke
           neuer
           before
           handled
           by
           any
           Author
           :
        
         
           AND
           Published
           for
           the
           good
           of
           the
           whole
           Kingdome
           .
        
         
         
           LONDON
           ,
           Printed
           by
           
             I.
             B.
          
           for
           
             Roger
             Iackson
          
           ,
           and
           are
           to
           be
           sold
           at
           his
           Shop
           neere
           Fleete-Streete
           Conduit
           .
           1620.
           
        
      
       
         
         
         
           TO
           THE
           RIGHT
           WORshipfull
           and
           his
           most
           worthy
           friend
           Mr.
           BONHAM
           NORTON
           Esquire
           .
        
         
           Worthy
           Sir
           :
        
         
           KNowledge
           which
           is
           the
           diuine
           mother
           of
           certaine
           Goodnesse
           ,
           neuer
           came
           vnwelcome
           to
           a
           knowing
           Iudgement
           ;
           no
           more
           I
           hope
           Shall
           this
           my
           Labour
           to
           your
           worthy
           Selfe
           ,
           since
           doubtlesse
           you
           shall
           finde
           in
           it
           many
           things
           New
           ,
           somethings
           necessary
           ,
           and
           nothing
           which
           ●…th
           not
           in
           it
           some
           particular
           touch
           of
           profit
           :
           It
           is
           a
           worke
           your
           former
           incouragements
           to
           my
           other
           labours
           did
           create
           in
           me
           ;
           and
           the
           wants
           you
           worthily
           found
           ,
           I
           hope
           shall
           bring
           you
           supplies
           both
           wholesome
           and
           becomming
           .
           The
           experience
           I
           assuer
           your
           Goodnesse
           ,
           was
           the
           expence
           of
           a
           bitter
           and
           tedious
           Winter
           ,
           but
           the
           contentme●…
           (
           in
           gaining
           my
           wish
           )
           made
           it
           more
           pleasant
           then
           all
           the
           three
           other
           Seasons
           .
           What
           euer
           it
           be
           ,
           it
           comes
           to
           you
           full
           of
           loue
           ,
           full
           of
           seruice
           :
           And
           since
           I
           know
           Vertue
           measureth
           all
           things
           by
           its
           owne
           goodnesse
           ;
           it
           is
           enoughto
           me
           ,
           that
           I
           know
           you
           are
           that
           Vertue
           .
           In
           you
           is
           power
           to
           iudge
           ;
           in
           you
           is
           Authoritie
           to
           exercise
           Mercy
           ,
           lth
           them
           both
           flye
           from
           your
           Goodnesse
           ,
           with
           that
           mildnesse
           ,
           that
           in
           them
           my
           hopes
           may
           be
           Crowned
           ,
           and
           my Selfe
           rest
           euer
           at
           your
           ser●…ice
           .
        
         
           GERVASE
           MARKHAM
           .
        
      
       
         
         
           To
           the
           Reader
           .
        
         
           DId
           not
           the
           beginning
           of
           the
           worke
           it selfe
           sufficiently
           pleade
           an
           excuse
           for
           euery
           part
           of
           the
           Worke
           ;
           I
           should
           (
           Gentle
           Reeder
           )
           trouble
           thee
           with
           a
           tedious
           tale
           of
           the
           manner
           ,
           matter
           ,
           and
           cause
           of
           this
           Building
           ;
           and
           therein
           begge
           that
           cha●…itable
           Almes
           ,
           which
           the
           honestie
           of
           thine
           owne
           Nature
           will
           giue
           me
           without
           any
           troublesome
           acclamation
           :
           Let
           it
           suffice
           ,
           I
           haue
           written
           no
           more
           then
           I
           haue
           seene
           ,
           nor
           added
           a
           benefit
           which
           I
           haue
           not
           knowne
           liberally
           bestowed
           vpon
           the
           industrious
           ;
           of
           which
           ,
           if
           you
           will
           be
           a
           pertaker
           ,
           follow
           their
           Imitation
           ,
           and
           to
           good
           labours
           adde
           a
           good
           life
           ,
           and
           there
           is
           no
           feare
           of
           a
           Blessing
           :
           if
           any
           man
           be
           costiue
           or
           hard
           of
           beliefe
           .
           I
           know
           not
           how
           to
           purge
           him
           ,
           except
           it
           be
           with
           the
           bitter
           ayres
           of
           those
           barren
           places
           where
           these
           Sterrill
           Grounds
           are
           ;
           on
           which
           ,
           if
           he
           liue
           and
           haue
           no
           foode
           but
           his
           owne
           labour
           ,
           doubtlesse
           he
           will
           not
           only
           belee●…e
           ,
           but
           loue
           and
           admire
           what
           is
           written
           for
           a
           generall
           profit
           ;
           and
           to
           that
           I
           leaue
           those
           :
           The
           rest
           that
           are
           of
           more
           equall
           indifferencie
           ,
           to
           the
           Blessings
           and
           Increase
           which
           shall
           come
           by
           worthy
           knowledge
           and
           experience
           .
           Farewell
           .
        
         
           G.
           M.
           
        
      
       
         
         
           The
           Table
           and
           generall
           Contents
           of
           the
           whole
           Booke
           .
        
         
           
             CHAP.
             I.
             
          
           
             
               THe
               nature
               of
               Grounds
               in
               generall
               Page
               1
            
             
               The
               Authors
               preamble
               ibid
               :
            
             
               The
               profit
               of
               the
               Worke
               4
            
             
               A
               satisfaction
               for
               the
               truth
               of
               the
               Work
               6
            
             
               The
               nature
               of
               barren
               Grounds
               .
               ibid
               :
            
          
        
         
           
             CHAP.
             II.
             
          
           
             
               The
               Ordering
               ,
               Tilling
               ,
               and
               Dressing
               of
               all
               barren
               Clayes
               ;
               simple
               or
               compound
               9
            
             
               The
               first
               Inriching
               of
               barren
               Grounds
               ibid
            
             
               The
               manner
               of
               Plowing
               10
            
             
               The
               hacking
               of
               grounds
               ibid
               :
            
             
               The
               Sanding
               of
               grounds
               11
            
             
               The
               Lyming
               of
               grounds
               12
            
             
               The
               Meanuring
               of
               grounds
               ibid
               :
            
             
               The
               times
               for
               all
               labours
               13
            
             
               The
               second
               plowing
               14
            
             
               The
               second
               hacking
               ibid
               :
            
             
               The
               first
               Harrowing
               ibid
               :
            
             
               Of
               Sowing
               the
               Seede
               ibid
               :
            
             
               The
               second
               Harrowing
               15
            
             
               Falts
               in
               the
               Earth
               ibid
               :
            
             
               The
               Clotting
               of
               grounds
               16
            
             
               Another
               manner
               of
               Clotting
               17
            
             
               An
               Obiection
               and
               Answere
               20
            
             
               The
               ordering
               of
               Earthes
               where
               Sand
               wanteth
               21
            
             
               Sowing
               of
               Salt
               ibid
               :
            
             
               The
               excellency
               of
               Salt
               ibid
               :
            
             
               Of
               Steeping
               Seede
               in
               Brine
               .
               22
            
          
        
         
           
             CHAP.
             III.
             
          
           
             
               Of
               the
               ordering
               tillying
               and
               dressing
               of
               all
               rough
               barren
               clay
               as
               simple
               or
               compound
               ,
               being
               ouer-runne
               with
               Gorse
               ,
               Brome
               ,
               &c.
               24
            
             
               The
               destroying
               of
               Weedes
               26
            
             
               Burning
               of
               Baite
               ibid
               :
            
             
               The
               breaking
               of
               the
               burnt
               Earth
               27
            
             
               The
               causes
               of
               vnfruitfulnesse
               ibid
               :
            
             
               An
               excellent
               Meanure
               ibid
               :
            
             
               The
               Plowing
               28
            
             
               Of
               diuers
               Meanures
               ibid
               :
            
             
               Mixture
               of
               Meanures
               ibid
               :
            
             
               Of
               Weeding
               29
            
             
               The
               time
               for
               Weeding
               30
            
             
               The
               gathering
               of
               Stones
               .
               31
            
          
        
         
           
             CHAP.
             IIII.
             
          
           
             
               Of
               the
               Ordering
               ,
               Tylling
               ,
               ●…nd
               Dressing
               of
               barren
               Clayes
               that
               are
               ouer-runne
               with
               Whinnes
               32
            
             
               What
               Whinnes
               are
               ibid
               :
            
             
               Paring
               of
               grounds
               33
            
             
               Making
               of
               Baites
               ibid
               :
            
             
               Breaking
               of
               Baites
               34
            
             
               Plowing
               35
            
             
               Harrowing
               ,
               Weeding
               ,
               and
               the
               profits
               .
               37
            
          
        
         
           
             CHAP.
             V.
             
          
           
             
               Of
               Ordering
               ,
               Tylling
               ,
               and
               Dressing
               all
               barren
               Clayes
               which
               are
               ouer-runne
               with
               Ling
               and
               Heath
               38
            
             
               
               Destroying
               of
               Heath
               39
            
             
               Another
               burning
               of
               Baite
               40
            
             
               Of
               Weeding
               .
               42
            
          
        
         
           
             CHAP.
             VI.
             
          
           
             
               Of
               the
               Ordering
               ,
               Trimming
               ,
               and
               Dressing
               of
               all
               barren
               Sands
               ,
               bearing
               no
               thing
               but
               mo●…ie
               Grasse
               44
            
             
               Of
               Plowing
               46
            
             
               Of
               Marling
               47.53
            
             
               What
               Marle
               is
               ibid
               :
            
             
               Of
               ●…kalke
               ,
               and
               the
               vse
               49
            
             
               The
               Profit
               .
               51
            
          
        
         
           
             CHAP.
             VII
             .
          
           
             
               Of
               the
               Plowing
               ,
               Tilling
               ,
               and
               Dressing
               of
               all
               barren
               Sands
               ,
               that
               are
               ouerrun
               with
               Braken
               ,
               Ferne
               or
               Heath
               52
            
             
               Of
               Sanding
               and
               Liming
               54
            
             
               Of
               Plowing
               and
               Sowing
               ibid
               :
            
             
               Labours
               after
               Sowing
               55
            
             
               Of
               Weeding
               .
               56
            
          
        
         
           
             CHAP.
             VIII
             .
          
           
             
               The
               Flowing
               ,
               Tisting
               and
               Ordering
               of
               all
               barren
               Sands
               laden
               with
               Twitch
               and
               wilde
               Bryar
               57
            
             
               The
               destroying
               of
               Twitch
               and
               Bryar
               ib
               :
            
             
               Of
               Meanures
               58
            
             
               Of
               Harrowing
               and
               other
               labours
               59
            
             
               Of
               Weeding
               .
               60
            
          
        
         
           
             CHAP.
             IX
             .
          
           
             
               The
               Plowing
               ,
               Tilling
               ,
               and
               Ordering
               of
               Sands
               laden
               with
               morish
               stinking
               grasse
               61
            
             
               Grounds
               for
               Fish-ponds
               62
            
             
               The
               Draining
               of
               Wet
               grounds
               64
            
             
               The
               Harrowing
               67
            
             
               The
               Weeding
               .
               66
            
          
        
         
           
             CHAP.
             X.
             
          
           
             
               How
               to
               inrich
               and
               make
               the
               most
               barre
               soyle
               to
               beare
               excellent
               good
               Pasture
               or
               Meadow
               69
            
             
               Two
               waies
               to
               inrich
               Earthes
               ibid
               :
            
             
               Of
               watering
               Grounds
               71
            
             
               The
               belpes
               in
               watering
               72
            
             
               When
               and
               how
               to
               Water
               ibid
               :
            
             
               The
               best
               season
               for
               Watering
               .
               73
            
          
        
         
           
             CHAP.
             XI
             .
          
           
             
               The
               i●…iching
               barren
               Grounds
               ,
               for
               Hemp
               or
               Flaxe
               75
            
             
               Black
               Clay
               for
               Hemp
               76
            
             
               The
               Weeding
               78
            
             
               The
               making
               ill
               Earth
               beare
               Hemp
               ib
               :
            
             
               The
               Weeding
               .
               79
            
          
        
         
           
             CHAP.
             XII
             .
          
           
             
               The
               manner
               of
               Stacking
               all
               kinde
               of
               Graine
               with
               least
               losse
               .
               80
            
          
        
         
           
             CHAP.
             XIII
             .
          
           
             
               The
               diseases
               and
               impersections
               which
               happen
               to
               all
               manner
               of
               Graine
               84
            
             
               Crowes
               or
               Birds
               ,
               and
               the
               cuer
               85
            
             
               Pigeons
               and
               the
               cuer
               87
            
             
               To
               saue
               Corne
               ready
               to
               reape
               88
            
             
               Of
               Dors
               and
               the
               cuer
               90
            
             
               Of
               Pismiers
               and
               the
               cuer
               91
            
             
               Of
               field
               Rats
               and
               Mice
               ibid
               :
            
             
               Of
               wormes
               and
               the
               cuer
               92
            
             
               Of
               Rye
               not
               to
               be
               wet
               ibid
               :
            
             
               Of
               snailes
               ibid
               :
            
             
               Of
               Grashoppers
               94
            
             
               Of
               Moales
               and
               the
               cuer
               95
            
             
               Offences
               from
               the
               influences
               of
               Heauen
               96
            
             
               Of
               Smuttinesse
               or
               Mildew
               ,
               and
               the
               cuer
               .
               97
            
             
               Of
               Hale
               ,
               and
               the
               cuer
               ibid
               :
            
             
               
               Of
               Lightning
               ,
               and
               the
               cuer
               ibid
               :
            
             
               Of
               Frosts
               99
            
             
               Of
               Mysts
               and
               Fogges
               ,
               and
               the
               cuer
               100
            
             
               Of
               Blastings
               ,
               and
               the
               cuer
               ibid
               :
            
             
               Corne
               reapt
               wet
               ,
               and
               the
               cuer
               102
            
             
               Of
               Washt
               Corne
               104
            
             
               To
               know
               washt
               corne
               .
               105
            
          
        
         
           
             CHAP.
             XIIII
             .
          
           
             
               How
               to
               keepe
               all
               manner
               of
               Graine
               thrasht
               or
               unthrasht
               the
               longest
               time
               and
               how
               to
               preserue
               it
               ,
               &c.
               106
            
             
               The
               needfull
               vse
               of
               preseruing
               corne
               .
               ib
               :
            
             
               The
               keeping
               corne
               in
               the
               eare
               or
               chaffe
               ,
               108
            
             
               Keeping
               corne
               drest
               109
            
             
               Of
               Garners
               ibid
               :
            
             
               Of
               Hutches
               ,
               and
               their
               vses
               110
            
             
               To
               preserue
               wheate
               111
            
             
               To
               preserue
               Rye
               117
            
             
               To
               preserue
               Beanes
               118
            
             
               To
               preserue
               Pease
               or
               Fetches
               120
            
             
               To
               preserue
               Lentils
               or
               Lupins
               123
            
             
               To
               preserue
               Oates
               125
            
             
               To
               preserue
               Oat-meale
               126
            
             
               To
               preserue
               any
               Meale
               ibid
               :
            
             
               The
               preseruing
               of
               all
               small
               Seedes
               .
               128
            
          
        
         
           
             CHAP.
             XV.
             
          
           
             
               How
               to
               keepe
               Grayne
               either
               for
               transportation
               ,
               &c.
               129
            
             
               The
               vse
               of
               Grayne
               .
               130
            
             
               Of
               Pulsse
               .
               ibid
               :
            
             
               Of
               Rice
               and
               the
               vse
               ibid
               :
            
             
               Of
               Wheate
               and
               the
               vse
               132
            
             
               Of
               Oat
               meale
               and
               the
               vse
               133
            
             
               Of
               Barley
               and
               the
               vse
               135
            
             
               Of
               Bucke
               and
               the
               vse
               ibid
               :
            
             
               Of
               Pulsse
               and
               the
               vse
               ibid
               :
            
             
               Of
               French
               Beane
               136
            
             
               Of
               the
               Kydney
               Beane
               ibid
               :
            
             
               Of
               Common
               field
               Beanes
               ibid
               :
            
             
               Of
               Pease
               and
               their
               vse
               137
            
             
               Seuerall
               sorts
               of
               Pease
               ibid
               :
            
             
               To
               transport
               Graine
               ibid
               :
            
          
        
         
           
             CHAP.
             XVI
             .
          
           
             
               A
               generall
               computation
               of
               Men
               and
               cattels
               Labours
               ,
               &c.
               140
            
             
               Of
               Plowing
               ,
               Sowing
               ,
               and
               Mowing
               141
            
             
               Of
               Reaping
               and
               gathering
               Graine
               142
            
             
               Of
               Ditching
               ,
               Hedging
               ,
               Plashing
               143
            
             
               Of
               Deluing
               and
               Thrashing
               144
            
             
               The
               particular
               expence
               of
               a
               day
               145
            
             
               The
               particular
               Labour
               of
               cattell
               147
            
          
        
         
           
             CHAP.
             XVII
             .
          
           
             
               The
               applying
               of
               Husbandry
               ,
               to
               the
               seuerall
               Countries
               148
            
             
               The
               carters
               Office
               150
            
             
               Of
               cattell
               for
               the
               Draught
               152
            
             
               The
               Seuerall
               Labours
               ,
               of
               the
               seuerall
               Moneths
               153
            
          
        
      
    
     
       
         
         
         
           MARKHAMS
           FAREWELL
           TO
           HVSBANDRIE
           .
        
         
           
             CHAP.
             I.
             
          
           
             
               The
               nature
               of
               Grounds
               in
               generall
               :
               But
               particularly
               of
               the
               barren
               and
               Sterryll
               Earth
               .
            
          
           
             CErtainely
             in
             this
             vnthankfull
             and
             vninst
             
             Age
             ,
             where
             greatnesse
             and
             Garments
             onely
             make
             vp
             the
             vertuous
             ,
             there
             is
             nothing
             of
             lesse
             esteeme
             then
             the
             painefull
             labours
             of
             those
             pens
             ,
             whose
             watch
             and
             indostrie
             haue
             only
             kept
             an
             vnwearied
             pace
             ,
             with
             the
             benesit
             and
             general
             good
             of
             their
             Countries
             ;
             no
             ,
             though
             the
             despisers
             thereof
             eate
             no
             bread
             but
             the
             foode
             of
             their
             writings
             ,
             so
             vngratefull
             is
             man
             to
             his
             best
             Teachers
             ,
             and
             so
             vnhappy
             they
             that
             in
             this
             kinde
             become
             the
             worlds
             Tutors
             .
          
           
             Why
             ,
             me
             thinkes
             those
             squint-eied
             vneuen
             accusations
             :
             those
             fooles
             bolts
             shot
             backward
             from
             the
             true
             
             marke
             ;
             and
             those
             manifold
             mouth-torturing
             imputations
             ,
             which
             a
             world
             of
             wise
             (
             in
             their
             owne
             conceits
             )
             will
             thunder
             against
             me
             for
             this
             Labour
             ;
             doeas
             it
             were
             ,
             euen
             now
             stand
             before
             me
             face
             to
             face
             ,
             and
             braue
             me
             :
             Why
             ,
             me
             thinkes
             I
             heare
             one
             foole
             (
             who
             hath
             better
             fortune
             then
             wit
             )
             say
             ;
             writes
             he
             of
             Husbandry
             and
             is
             no
             husband
             ;
             nay
             ,
             I
             will
             not
             beleeue
             his
             rules
             till
             I
             see
             his
             example
             :
             poore
             sot
             ,
             how
             Clarke
             like
             he
             he
             speakes
             ,
             as
             if
             no
             man
             had
             famously
             written
             of
             any
             thing
             to
             which
             he
             had
             not
             beene
             bound
             Prentise
             seauen
             yeares
             by
             condition
             ;
             I
             would
             haue
             him
             looke
             vpon
             Lybault
             and
             Steuens
             ,
             two
             of
             the
             most
             famous
             Physitians
             that
             euer
             liued
             in
             Fraunce
             ;
             men
             ,
             that
             in
             mine
             owne
             conscience
             neuer
             knew
             what
             belonged
             to
             the
             handling
             of
             a
             Plow
             ,
             or
             euer
             lifted
             Mattock
             aboue
             their
             shoulders
             ,
             for
             they
             were
             meerely
             Schollers
             ,
             and
             better
             knew
             how
             to
             gather
             Plants
             then
             set
             them
             ;
             yet
             in
             this
             Art
             of
             Husbandry
             ,
             who
             hath
             euer
             writ
             more
             famously
             ,
             or
             more
             truly
             and
             exactly
             ,
             Fraunce
             flourishing
             more
             by
             their
             Theorie
             ,
             then
             by
             the
             practise
             of
             all
             the
             pessants
             of
             that
             Kingdome
             .
             So
             also
             Seres
             ,
             an
             excellent
             Scholler
             ,
             an
             excellent
             Hystorian
             ,
             a
             man
             that
             the
             State
             could
             not
             spare
             into
             the
             Countrie
             ,
             yet
             who
             reades
             his
             Agriculture
             ,
             shall
             finde
             such
             deepe
             knowledge
             and
             rich
             rules
             for
             Husbandry
             ,
             that
             the
             Kingdome
             will
             euer
             acknowledge
             him
             for
             a
             famous
             Benefactor
             .
             So
             likewise
             Vinet
             ,
             a
             man
             of
             the
             same
             nature
             ,
             the
             same
             nurture
             ,
             and
             the
             same
             excellence
             .
             And
             to
             looke
             downe
             into
             our
             owne
             Countrie
             ,
             was
             not
             Fitzharbert
             and
             Goouge
             ,
             gentlemen
             of
             good
             birth
             and
             education
             ,
             farre
             from
             any
             seruile
             or
             meane
             offices
             ;
             yet
             in
             this
             Art
             of
             Husbandry
             ,
             who
             hath
             written
             with
             greater
             praise
             or
             allowance
             .
             Master
             Tuffer
             was
             meerely
             all
             Vniuersitie
             ,
             and
             outwardly
             profest
             only
             in
             Musique
             ,
             yet
             shall
             his
             
             books
             of
             Husbandry
             liue
             as
             long
             as
             there
             is
             life
             in
             any
             booke
             of
             that
             nature
             .
             What
             shall
             I
             doe
             speaking
             of
             Virgil
             ,
             who
             although
             his
             fame
             and
             profession
             was
             only
             Po●…sie
             ,
             yet
             shall
             his
             bookes
             of
             Husbandry
             be
             as
             famous
             ouer
             all
             the
             World
             as
             in
             Italie
             .
             Now
             for
             my selfe
             ,
             although
             a
             piece
             of
             my
             life
             was
             Schollar
             ,
             a
             piece
             Souldiour
             ,
             and
             all
             Horseman
             ;
             yet
             did
             I
             for
             nine
             yeares
             apply
             my selfe
             to
             the
             Plow
             ,
             followed
             it
             with
             earnestnesse
             ,
             and
             my
             nature
             being
             euermorefull
             of
             inquisition
             ,
             I
             could
             not
             indure
             to
             haue
             any
             thing
             hidde
             ,
             that
             practise
             ,
             argument
             ,
             or
             discourse
             could
             reueale
             vnto
             me
             ;
             nay
             ,
             so
             farre
             forth
             (
             I
             must
             accuse
             mine
             owne
             ambition
             )
             that
             I
             could
             not
             for
             beare
             any
             trauell
             ,
             any
             expence
             ,
             to
             finde
             out
             the
             truth
             of
             any
             doubt
             I
             haue
             in
             Husbandry
             heard
             related
             ,
             neither
             could
             euer
             any
             mans
             words
             take
             vp
             my
             minde
             ,
             till
             I
             did
             by
             proofe
             finde
             that
             action
             and
             discourse
             went
             euen
             hand
             in
             hand
             together
             :
             whence
             it
             comes
             that
             I
             haue
             beene
             more
             darringly
             audatious
             to
             publish
             my
             labours
             ,
             then
             otherwise
             my
             nature
             or
             good
             manners
             would
             haue
             giuen
             me
             leaue
             .
          
           
             There
             be
             some
             will
             say
             ,
             what
             can
             I
             write
             more
             then
             I
             haue
             written
             ,
             are
             not
             my
             two
             bookes
             of
             the
             
               English
               Husbandman
            
             extant
             ;
             and
             if
             they
             containe
             not
             all
             my
             know●…dge
             ,
             sure
             I
             wrong
             the
             World
             ,
             or
             the
             opinions
             of
             ma●…y
             of
             my
             Readers
             .
          
           
             To
             this
             I
             answere
             ,
             who
             knowes
             not
             that
             Industrie
             is
             a
             mother
             whose
             wombe
             can
             neuer
             be
             discharged
             of
             her
             whole
             burthen
             ,
             hourely
             bringing
             forth
             new
             things
             ,
             drawing
             euery
             Art
             and
             Occupation
             to
             that
             height
             of
             excellency
             ,
             that
             the
             knowledge
             of
             our
             forefathers
             compared
             with
             the
             times
             now
             present
             ,
             is
             but
             meere
             ignorance
             ;
             and
             shall
             we
             then
             be
             confined
             to
             our
             first
             rules
             ,
             not
             daring
             to
             shew
             the
             better
             ,
             because
             we
             
             ha●…e
             published
             the
             good
             :
             It
             were
             a
             tyrrannie
             not
             sufferable
             ,
             and
             a
             way
             to
             murther
             all
             the
             perfection
             in
             Art.
             For
             m●…ne
             owne
             part
             ,
             this
             I
             must
             both
             conseffe
             and
             I●…stifie
             in
             mine
             owne
             Workes
             ,
             that
             for
             thosetwo
             parts
             of
             the
             
               English
               Husbandman
            
             ,
             they
             are
             tracts
             ,
             as
             casie
             and
             certaine
             for
             the
             ordering
             of
             our
             English
             grounds
             ,
             as
             any
             that
             haue
             b●…ne
             published
             of
             that
             nature
             within
             our
             Kingdome
             ,
             and
             doe
             as
             truly
             shew
             the
             manner
             of
             ordering
             of
             all
             sor●…s
             of
             grounds
             (
             in
             which
             is
             any
             good
             or
             reasonable
             fertilitie
             )
             as
             either
             labour
             or
             profit
             can
             wish
             or
             bring
             forth
             .
             But
             this
             part
             of
             which
             I
             intend
             now
             
             to
             treat
             ,
             bath
             a
             higher
             aime
             ,
             and
             shootes
             much
             more
             neere
             to
             the
             marke
             of
             commoditie
             :
             For
             the
             former
             sheweth
             how
             to
             make
             the
             fruitfull
             more
             fruitfull
             ;
             this
             ,
             how
             to
             make
             the
             Barren
             most
             plentifull
             :
             euery
             good
             ground
             will
             of
             it selfe
             bring
             forth
             (
             for
             Nature
             was
             euer
             a
             hater
             of
             Idlenesse
             )
             But
             the
             Barren
             and
             Sterrill
             Earth
             ,
             to
             make
             it
             full
             of
             increase
             and
             plentie
             ,
             is
             
               Gratum
               opus
               Agricolis
            
             ,
             and
             such
             a
             generall
             benefit
             to
             all
             good
             men
             ,
             that
             the
             concealement
             can
             be
             no
             lesse
             an
             offence
             then
             theft
             ,
             robbing
             a
             mans
             Country
             of
             that
             treasure
             (
             by
             negligence
             )
             which
             no
             other
             industry
             ,
             in
             him
             ,
             can
             after
             restore
             .
             I
             haue
             formerly
             written
             ,
             how
             by
             Art
             to
             keepe
             good
             Grounds
             good
             ,
             and
             to
             strengthen
             the
             weake
             :
             But
             now
             I
             shew
             how
             to
             make
             ill
             Grounds
             excellent
             ,
             and
             to
             conuert
             that
             which
             is
             Barren
             and
             vnfruitfull
             ,
             to
             become
             rich
             in
             store
             and
             plentie
             :
             whence
             shall
             ensue
             to
             all
             men
             ,
             these
             particular
             profits
             following
             :
             First
             ,
             plenty
             of
             Corne
             and
             Pulse
             ,
             because
             all
             grounds
             being
             made
             able
             and
             apt
             for
             Tillage
             ,
             the
             Kingdome
             may
             afford
             to
             sowe
             for
             one
             Bushell
             that
             is
             now
             ,
             hereafter
             fiue
             hundred
             ,
             so
             mightie
             great
             are
             the
             vnfruitfull
             and
             vntilled
             wastes
             of
             Heathes
             ,
             Downes
             ,
             Mores
             ,
             and
             such
             like
             ,
             which
             at
             this
             day
             lye
             
             vntilled
             and
             vnoccupied
             :
             and
             to
             this
             abundance
             of
             Corne
             ,
             will
             redound
             an
             equall
             ,
             or
             greater
             abundance
             of
             Grasse
             and
             Pasture
             ;
             for
             besides
             that
             ,
             those
             men
             and
             Masters
             of
             many
             grounds
             ,
             may
             conuert
             all
             their
             best
             and
             most
             fruitfull
             Earth
             to
             Pasture
             and
             Medow
             ,
             and
             only
             keepe
             the
             Barren
             for
             tillage
             :
             yet
             also
             this
             barren
             earth
             after
             it
             hath
             done
             bearing
             of
             Corne
             ,
             which
             will
             be
             in
             fiue
             or
             sixe
             yeares
             ,
             shall
             for
             as
             many
             yeares
             more
             ,
             beare
             as
             good
             Medow
             or
             Pasture
             either
             for
             breeding
             or
             feeding
             as
             can
             any
             way
             be
             reasonably
             required
             ,
             and
             then
             being
             newly
             made
             againe
             ,
             shall
             newly
             begin
             and
             flourish
             in
             his
             first
             Profit
             ,
             as
             shall
             be
             at
             large
             shewed
             and
             set
             forth
             hereafter
             ;
             as
             I
             haue
             seene
             with
             mine
             owne
             eies
             ,
             to
             my
             no
             small
             pleasure
             and
             amazement
             ,
             not
             in
             one
             ,
             butin
             diuers
             and
             sundry
             most
             vntruitfull
             and
             hard
             Countries
             .
          
           
             Secondly
             ,
             whereas
             through
             the
             most
             parts
             of
             this
             Kingdome
             ,
             there
             is
             euery
             yeare
             a
             third
             or
             fourth
             part
             of
             all
             Corne
             grounds
             lost
             in
             the
             fallow
             or
             tylthe
             fields
             ,
             one
             field
             of
             three
             ,
             or
             one
             of
             foure
             ,
             continually
             lying
             at
             rest
             ;
             now
             by
             the
             vse
             of
             the
             Husbandry
             following
             ,
             you
             shall
             neuer
             keepe
             any
             fallow
             field
             at
             all
             ,
             but
             haue
             all
             your
             ground
             to
             beare
             you
             continually
             either
             Corne
             or
             Grasse
             in
             good
             aboundance
             .
          
           
             Lastly
             ,
             whereas
             in
             all
             the
             generall
             best
             parts
             of
             this
             Nation
             ,
             you
             cannot
             haue
             any
             Graine
             of
             price
             ,
             as
             Wheat
             ,
             Barley
             ,
             Rye
             ,
             and
             such
             like
             ,
             vnder
             two
             ,
             three
             ,
             foure
             ,
             fiue
             ,
             and
             some
             sixe
             times
             plowing
             ;
             now
             you
             shall
             not
             plow
             aboue
             twice
             at
             the
             most
             for
             the
             tenderest
             and
             richest
             graine
             that
             is
             to
             be
             reaped
             ,
             whereby
             there
             shall
             be
             much
             paines
             eased
             in
             the
             Husbandman
             ,
             great
             trauell
             saued
             from
             the
             Cattell
             ,
             and
             a
             much
             larger
             
             limitation
             of
             time
             giuen
             for
             other
             nece●…ary
             houshold
             and
             forraine
             businesses
             .
          
           
             Now
             some
             may
             heere
             aske
             me
             what
             true
             and
             vpright
             
             right
             testimonie
             I
             can
             giue
             of
             this
             my
             assertion
             ,
             or
             what
             inducements
             to
             draw
             men
             to
             a
             beliefe
             of
             my
             relation
             :
             though
             I
             could
             referre
             such
             disputers
             to
             practise
             ,
             and
             the
             experience
             which
             shall
             arise
             from
             such
             practise
             ;
             yet
             to
             giue
             them
             better
             satisfaction
             ,
             if
             they
             please
             to
             ride
             or
             walke
             into
             the
             North
             parts
             of
             Deuonshire
             ,
             into
             the
             Barren
             or
             Mountainous
             parts
             of
             South
             Wales
             ,
             or
             North
             Wales
             ,
             or
             into
             that
             wildernesse
             of
             Bogges
             ,
             and
             Barrennesse
             ,
             I
             meane
             that
             colde
             vast
             Country
             of
             Exmore
             ,
             where
             is
             nothing
             but
             vnseasonablenesse
             ,
             and
             they
             shall
             euen
             there
             finde
             where
             the
             ground
             is
             industriously
             made
             and
             refined
             ,
             as
             good
             plenty
             of
             Corne
             and
             Grasse
             ,
             as
             in
             the
             fruitfullest
             vales
             in
             our
             In-land
             and
             warmer
             Countries
             .
             Truly
             for
             mine
             owne
             part
             ,
             I
             dare
             boldly
             auow
             that
             which
             mine
             eies
             haue
             beheld
             ;
             for
             I
             haue
             seene
             on
             oneside
             of
             the
             hedge
             nothing
             but
             mosse
             for
             grasse
             ,
             furres
             ,
             go●…sse
             ,
             whynnes
             and
             all
             other
             tokens
             of
             Sterrill
             barrainnesse
             ;
             and
             on
             the
             other
             side
             as
             good
             Corne
             and
             Grasse
             ,
             and
             in
             as
             great
             plenty
             as
             in
             any
             fruitfull
             Country
             whatsoeuer
             ,
             and
             all
             this
             brought
             forth
             but
             with
             a
             little
             cost
             and
             some
             labour
             .
          
           
             To
             proceede
             then
             to
             the
             full
             effect
             of
             my
             purpose
             
             without
             more
             preambulation
             or
             satisfaction
             to
             the
             curious
             ,
             for
             to
             the
             honestly
             vertuous
             are
             all
             mine
             indeuours
             directed
             :
             you
             shall
             vnderstand
             that
             it
             is
             meete
             that
             euety
             Husbandman
             be
             skilfull
             in
             that
             true
             knowledge
             of
             the
             natures
             of
             Grounds
             ,
             as
             which
             is
             fruitfull
             ,
             which
             not
             :
             of
             which
             ,
             in
             my
             first
             Bookes
             I
             haue
             written
             sufficiently
             ;
             nor
             doe
             I
             in
             this
             Booke
             intend
             to
             write
             any
             tittle
             that
             is
             in
             them
             contained
             ;
             for
             as
             I
             loue
             not
             Totologie
             
             so
             I
             deadly
             hate
             to
             wrong
             my
             friend
             :
             Grounds
             then
             as
             I
             haue
             formerly
             written
             in
             my
             first
             Bookes
             ,
             being
             simple
             or
             compounded
             ;
             as
             simple
             Clayes
             ,
             or
             simple
             Sands
             ;
             or
             compounded
             of
             Clayes
             ,
             Sands
             ,
             or
             Grauels
             together
             ,
             may
             be
             all
             good
             ,
             and
             all
             fit
             to
             bring
             forth
             increase
             ,
             or
             all
             euill
             and
             barren
             ,
             and
             vnfit
             for
             profit
             ;
             for
             euery
             Earth
             ,
             whether
             it
             be
             simple
             or
             compounded
             ,
             whether
             of
             it selfe
             or
             of
             double
             mixture
             ,
             doth
             participate
             wholly
             with
             the
             Clime
             wherein
             it
             lyeth
             ,
             and
             as
             that
             is
             more
             hot
             or
             more
             cold
             ,
             more
             moist
             or
             more
             drye
             ;
             so
             is
             the
             Earth
             euer
             more
             or
             lesse
             fruitfull
             :
             yet
             for
             the
             better
             vnderstanding
             of
             the
             plaine
             Country-man
             ,
             you
             shall
             know
             that
             both
             the
             fruitfull
             and
             vnfruitfull
             Ground
             hauetheir
             seuerall
             faces
             and
             charracters
             ,
             whereby
             they
             be
             as
             well
             knowne
             as
             by
             the
             Clime
             or
             situation
             of
             the
             Continent
             ;
             for
             that
             ground
             which
             though
             it
             beare
             not
             any
             extraordinary
             abundance
             of
             grasse
             ,
             yet
             will
             loade
             it selfe
             with
             strong
             and
             lusty
             weedes
             ,
             as
             Hemblocke
             ,
             Docks
             ,
             Mallowes
             ,
             Nettles
             ,
             Ketlocks
             ,
             and
             such
             like
             ,
             is
             vndoubtedly
             a
             most
             rich
             and
             fruitfull
             ground
             for
             any
             graine
             whatsoeuer
             :
             also
             ,
             that
             ground
             which
             beareth
             Reede
             ,
             Rushes
             ,
             Clouer
             ,
             Daysie
             ,
             and
             such
             like
             ,
             is
             e●…er
             fruitfull
             in
             Grasse
             and
             Herbadge
             ;
             so
             that
             smal
             cost
             and
             lesse
             labour
             in
             such
             grounds
             will
             euer
             make
             good
             the
             profit
             of
             the
             Husbandman
             :
             But
             with
             these
             rich
             grounds
             at
             this
             time
             I
             haue
             nothing
             to
             doe
             .
          
           
             To
             come
             downe
             then
             to
             the
             barren
             &
             vnwholesome
             
             Grounds
             ,
             you
             shall
             vnderstand
             that
             they
             are
             to
             be
             known
             three
             seuerall
             waies
             ;
             first
             ,
             by
             the
             Clyme
             and
             Continent
             wherein
             they
             lye
             ;
             next
             ,
             by
             their
             constitution
             and
             condition
             ;
             and
             lastly
             ,
             by
             outward
             faces
             and
             charracters
             .
             By
             the
             Clyme
             and
             Continent
             ,
             as
             when
             the
             ground
             lies
             farre
             remote
             from
             the
             Sunne
             ,
             or
             when
             it
             lyes
             Mountainous
             
             and
             high
             ,
             stony
             and
             rocky
             ,
             or
             so
             neere
             vnto
             the
             skirts
             and
             borders
             of
             the
             Sea
             ,
             that
             the
             continuall
             Fogges
             ,
             Stormes
             ,
             Myfts
             and
             ill
             vapours
             arising
             from
             thence
             ,
             doe
             poyson
             and
             starue
             the
             Earth
             ;
             all
             which
             are
             most
             apparent
             ●…ignes
             of
             Barrennesse
             .
             By
             the
             Constitution
             and
             Condition
             ,
             as
             when
             the
             ground
             is
             either
             too
             extreamely
             cold
             and
             moist
             ;
             or
             else
             to
             violently
             hot
             and
             dry
             ;
             either
             of
             which
             ,
             produceth
             much
             hardnesse
             to
             bring
             forth
             ,
             and
             sheweth
             the
             Earth
             so
             lying
             ,
             to
             be
             good
             for
             little
             or
             no
             profit
             .
             By
             the
             outward
             Faces
             and
             Charracters
             ,
             as
             when
             you
             see
             (
             insted
             of
             Grasse
             which
             should
             be
             greene
             ,
             flowrie
             ,
             and
             thicke
             growing
             )
             a
             pale
             thinne
             mossie
             substance
             couer
             the
             Earth
             ,
             as
             most
             commonly
             is
             vpon
             all
             high
             Planes
             ,
             Heathes
             ,
             Downes
             ,
             and
             such
             like
             :
             or
             when
             you
             see
             the
             ground
             couered
             with
             Heath
             ,
             Lynge
             ,
             Broome
             ,
             Braken
             ,
             Gorsse
             ,
             or
             such
             like
             ;
             they
             be
             most
             apparent
             signes
             of
             infinite
             great
             Barrennesse
             ,
             as
             may
             be
             seene
             in
             many
             Mores
             ,
             Forrests
             ,
             and
             other
             wilde
             and
             wooddy
             places
             .
             And
             of
             these
             vnfertill
             places
             ,
             you
             shall
             vnderstand
             that
             it
             is
             the
             Clay
             ground
             ,
             which
             for
             the
             most
             part
             brings
             forth
             the
             Mosse
             ,
             the
             Broome
             ,
             the
             Gorsse
             ,
             and
             such
             like
             :
             the
             Sand
             ,
             which
             bringeth
             forth
             Brakes
             ,
             Lynge
             ,
             Heath
             ;
             and
             the
             mix●…
             Earth
             ,
             which
             vtters
             Whynnes
             ,
             Bryars
             ,
             and
             a
             world
             of
             such
             like
             vnnaturall
             and
             bastardly
             issues
             .
          
           
             Thus
             hauing
             a
             true
             knowledge
             of
             the
             Nature
             and
             Condition
             of
             your
             ground
             ,
             you
             shall
             then
             proceede
             to
             the
             ordering
             ,
             eareing
             ,
             and
             dressing
             of
             the
             same
             ,
             whereby
             it
             may
             not
             only
             be
             purged
             and
             clensed
             from
             those
             falts
             which
             hindred
             the
             increase
             thereof
             ,
             but
             also
             so
             much
             bettered
             and
             refined
             ,
             that
             the
             best
             ground
             may
             not
             boast
             of
             more
             ample
             increase
             ,
             nor
             your
             more
             
             fruitfull
             placed
             Neighbours
             exceede
             you
             in
             any
             thing
             ,
             more
             then
             in
             a
             little
             ease
             .
          
        
         
           
             CHAP.
             II.
             
          
           
             
               Of
               the
               Ordering
               ,
               Tylling
               ,
               and
               Dressing
               of
               all
               sorts
               of
               plaine
               Barren
               Clayes
               ,
               whether
               they
               be
               simple
               or
               compounded
               .
            
          
           
             THou
             whom
             it
             hath
             pleased
             God
             to
             place
             vpon
             a
             barren
             and
             hard
             soyle
             ,
             whose
             bread
             must
             euermore
             be
             grounded
             with
             sweat
             and
             labour
             ,
             that
             mayest
             nobly
             and
             victoriously
             boast
             the
             conquest
             of
             the
             Earth
             ,
             hauing
             conquered
             Nature
             by
             altering
             Nature
             ,
             and
             yet
             made
             Nature
             better
             then
             shee
             was
             before
             ;
             thou
             ,
             I
             say
             ,
             that
             takest
             this
             honest
             delight
             in
             goodnesse
             ,
             hearken
             vnto
             these
             following
             Precepts
             .
          
           
             Assoone
             ,
             as
             thou
             haft
             well
             pondered
             and
             considethe
             
             nature
             of
             thy
             ground
             ,
             and
             dost
             finde
             that
             it
             is
             altogether
             barren
             and
             vnfruitfull
             ,
             the
             Clyme
             and
             condition
             not
             suffering
             it
             to
             bring
             forth
             any
             thing
             of
             worth
             or
             profit
             ,
             and
             that
             thou
             haft
             well
             weighed
             what
             manner
             of
             Earth
             it
             is
             ;
             as
             that
             namely
             it
             is
             either
             a
             simple
             Clay
             ,
             or
             a
             Clay
             so
             mixt
             with
             other
             earths
             ,
             that
             yet
             notwithstanding
             ,
             the
             Clay
             is
             still
             most
             predominant
             ,
             thou
             shalt
             then
             select
             or
             chuse
             out
             of
             this
             earth
             so
             much
             as
             to
             thy selfe
             shall
             seeme
             conuenient
             ,
             it
             being
             answerable
             to
             the
             strength
             of
             thy
             Teame
             ,
             and
             the
             abilitie
             of
             thy
             purse
             and
             labour
             to
             compasse
             ;
             and
             this
             Earth
             so
             chosen
             out
             ,
             thou
             shalt
             about
             the
             beginning
             of
             May
             ,
             in
             a
             faire
             season
             ,
             breake
             vp
             with
             a
             strong
             Plow
             ,
             such
             as
             is
             generally
             vsed
             in
             all
             strong
             Clay
             grounds
             ,
             the
             Share
             being
             rather
             long
             then
             broad
             ,
             and
             the
             Colture
             rather
             somewhat
             bending
             
             them
             straight
             and
             euen
             ,
             according
             as
             the
             nature
             of
             the
             ground
             shall
             requier
             ,
             which
             euery
             simple
             plowman
             will
             soone
             finde
             out
             in
             turning
             vp
             two
             or
             three
             furrowes
             ;
             for
             according
             to
             the
             cutting
             of
             the
             earth
             ,
             so
             must
             the
             Husband
             man
             fashion
             the
             temper
             of
             his
             Plow
             .
          
           
             Now
             for
             the
             maner
             of
             plowing
             this
             bad
             and
             barren
             
             earth
             ,
             if
             the
             ground
             lye
             free
             from
             water
             (
             which
             commonly
             all
             euill
             barren
             earths
             doe
             )
             you
             shall
             then
             throw
             down
             your
             furrowes
             flat
             ,
             and
             betwixt
             euery
             furrow
             you
             shall
             leaue
             a
             balke
             of
             earth
             halfe
             as
             broad
             as
             the
             furrow
             ,
             and
             so
             goe
             ouer
             and
             plow
             your
             whole
             earth
             vp
             ,
             without
             making
             any
             difference
             or
             distinction
             of
             lands
             :
             but
             if
             you
             feare
             any
             annoyance
             of
             water
             ,
             then
             you
             shall
             lay
             your
             furro
             was
             more
             high
             ,
             neere
             and
             close
             together
             ,
             diuiding
             the
             ground
             into
             feuerall
             lands
             ,
             and
             proportioning
             euery
             land
             to
             lye
             the
             highest
             in
             the
             midst
             ,
             so
             that
             the
             water
             may
             haue
             a
             descent
             or
             passage
             on
             either
             side
             .
          
           
             Now
             so
             soone
             as
             you
             haue
             thus
             plowed
             vp
             your
             
             land
             ,
             and
             turned
             all
             the
             swarth
             inward
             vnto
             the
             earth
             ,
             you
             shall
             then
             take
             hacks
             of
             yron
             well
             steeled
             and
             reasonable
             sharpe
             ,
             such
             a
             competent
             number
             ,
             as
             or
             your
             purse
             of
             power
             can
             compasse
             ,
             or
             the
             greatnesse
             your
             ground
             requireth
             ;
             for
             you
             shall
             vnderstand
             that
             one
             good
             hacker
             ,
             being
             a
             lusty
             labourer
             ,
             will
             at
             good
             ease
             hacke
             and
             cut
             more
             then
             halfe
             an
             Aker
             of
             ground
             in
             a
             day
             ;
             and
             with
             these
             hacks
             ,
             you
             shall
             hew
             and
             cut
             to
             pieces
             ,
             all
             the
             earth
             formerly
             plowed
             vp
             ,
             furrow
             ,
             by
             furrow
             ,
             and
             not
             the
             furrowes
             onely
             ,
             but
             also
             each
             seuerall
             balke
             that
             was
             left
             betweene
             ,
             and
             any
             other
             greene
             swarth
             whatsoeuer
             the
             Plow
             bad
             escaped
             ,
             and
             it
             shall
             be
             cut
             into
             as
             small
             pieces
             as
             conueniently
             you
             can
             ,
             for
             thereby
             is
             your
             mould
             made
             much
             more
             mellow
             and
             
             plentifull
             ,
             and
             your
             seede
             at
             such
             time
             as
             it
             is
             to
             be
             cast
             into
             the
             earth
             ,
             a
             great
             deale
             the
             better
             and
             safer
             ,
             couered
             ,
             and
             much
             more
             sooner
             made
             to
             sprout
             and
             bring
             forth
             increase
             .
             Now
             for
             the
             shape
             and
             fashion
             of
             these
             Hacks
             ,
             you
             shall
             behold
             it
             in
             this
             figure
             .
          
           
           
             When
             you
             haue
             thus
             hackt
             all
             your
             ground
             ,
             and
             broke
             in
             peices
             all
             hard
             crust
             and
             toughnesse
             of
             the
             swarth
             ;
             you
             shail
             then
             immediatly
             ,
             with
             all
             the
             conuenient
             speed
             you
             can
             (
             because
             time
             is
             very
             pretious
             in
             these
             labours
             )
             if
             you
             
             be
             neere
             vnto
             any
             part
             of
             the
             Sea-Coast
             ,
             or
             to
             any
             other
             Creeke
             or
             Riuer
             where
             the
             salt
             water
             ●…th
             a
             continuali
             recourse
             ,
             and
             thence
             fetch
             (
             either
             on
             Horse
             backe
             ,
             or
             in
             Cart
             ,
             or
             other
             Tumbrell
             ,
             such
             as
             the
             nature
             of
             the
             Countrie
             or
             your
             owne
             ease
             can
             afford
             )
             great
             store
             of
             the
             salt
             Sand
             ,
             and
             with
             it
             couer
             your
             ground
             which
             hath
             beene
             formerly
             plowed
             and
             hackt
             ,
             allowing
             to
             euery
             A●…
             of
             ground
             ,
             three
             score
             or
             ,
             fourescore
             full
             bushels
             of
             Sand
             ,
             which
             is
             a
             very
             good
             and
             competent
             proportion
             ;
             and
             this
             Sand
             thus
             layed
             ,
             shall
             be
             very
             well
             spread
             and
             mixed
             amongst
             the
             other
             hackt
             and
             broken
             earth
             .
             And
             heerein
             is
             to
             be
             noted
             ,
             that
             not
             any
             other
             sand
             but
             the
             salt
             ●…and
             is
             good
             or
             auaileable
             for
             this
             purpose
             ,
             because
             it
             is
             the
             brine
             and
             saltnesse
             of
             the
             same
             which
             breedeth
             this
             fertillitie
             and
             fruitfulnesse
             in
             the
             earth
             ,
             choaking
             the
             growth
             of
             all
             
             weedes
             and
             bad
             things
             which
             would
             sprout
             from
             the
             Earth
             ,
             and
             giuing
             strength
             ,
             vigour
             ,
             and
             comfort
             to
             all
             kinde
             of
             Graine
             or
             Pulse
             ,
             or
             any
             fruit
             of
             better
             nature
             .
          
           
             When
             you
             haue
             thus
             sanded
             your
             earth
             ,
             you
             shall
             
             then
             ,
             if
             you
             haue
             any
             Limestone
             about
             your
             Grounds
             ,
             (
             as
             barren
             earths
             are
             seldome
             without
             )
             or
             if
             you
             haue
             any
             quarries
             of
             stone
             (
             which
             are
             seldome
             vnaccompanied
             with
             Lymestone
             )
             gather
             such
             Lymestone
             together
             ,
             and
             make
             a
             Kylne
             in
             the
             most
             conuenientest
             place
             you
             haue
             ,
             as
             well
             for
             the
             carriage
             of
             the
             Lime
             ,
             as
             for
             the
             gathering
             together
             of
             the
             Stone
             ,
             and
             bauing
             burnt
             your
             Lyme
             ,
             the
             manner
             whereof
             is
             so
             generally
             well
             knowne
             through
             the
             whole
             Kingdome
             ,
             that
             in
             this
             place
             it
             needeth
             little
             or
             no
             repetition
             ;
             you
             shall
             then
             on
             euery
             aker
             so
             formerly
             plowed
             ,
             hackt
             ,
             and
             sanded
             ,
             bestow
             at
             least
             forty
             ,
             or
             else
             fiftie
             bushels
             of
             Lyme
             ,
             spreading
             and
             mixing
             it
             exceedingly
             well
             with
             the
             other
             sand
             and
             earth
             ;
             and
             heerein
             is
             to
             be
             noted
             ,
             that
             the
             stronger
             and
             sharper
             the
             Lime
             is
             ,
             the
             better
             the
             earth
             will
             be
             made
             thereby
             ,
             and
             the
             greater
             increase
             and
             profit
             will
             issue
             from
             the
             same
             ;
             neither
             shall
             you
             neede
             to
             respect
             the
             colour
             and
             complexion
             of
             the
             Lime
             ,
             as
             whether
             it
             be
             purely
             white
             (
             as
             that
             which
             is
             made
             from
             chalke
             )
             or
             gray
             (
             as
             that
             which
             is
             made
             from
             the
             smal
             Lymestone
             )
             or
             else
             blackish
             browne
             (
             as
             that
             which
             is
             made
             from
             the
             great
             stone
             and
             maine
             Quarrie
             )
             since
             it
             is
             the
             strength
             and
             goodnesse
             of
             the
             Lyme
             ,
             not
             the
             beautie
             and
             colour
             which
             brings
             forth
             the
             profits
             .
          
           
             Now
             ,
             when
             you
             haue
             thus
             lymed
             your
             ground
             ,
             you
             
             shall
             then
             take
             off
             the
             best
             meanure
             you
             haue
             ,
             as
             Oxe
             ,
             Cow
             ,
             or
             Horse
             dung
             ,
             straw
             rotted
             either
             by
             the
             lyttering
             of
             Beasts
             ,
             or
             by
             casting
             vpon
             the
             High-waies
             ;
             the
             mud
             
             of
             Lakes
             ,
             Ponds
             or
             Ditches
             ;
             the
             soyle
             of
             yong
             Cattell
             made
             in
             the
             Winter
             time
             by
             feeding
             at
             stand
             Heakes
             ,
             or
             any
             such
             like
             kinde
             of
             Ordure
             ;
             and
             this
             meanure
             or
             compasse
             ,
             you
             shall
             carry
             forth
             either
             on
             Horsebacke
             ,
             or
             in
             Carts
             or
             Tumbrels
             (
             according
             as
             the
             Countrie
             will
             afford
             )
             and
             you
             shall
             lay
             it
             and
             spread
             it
             vpon
             your
             ground
             so
             formerly
             plowed
             ,
             hackt
             ,
             sanded
             ,
             and
             lymed
             ,
             in
             very
             plentifull
             manner
             ,
             so
             farre
             forth
             as
             your
             prouision
             will
             extend
             :
             for
             it
             is
             to
             be
             vnderstood
             ,
             that
             barren
             and
             hard
             earths
             can
             neuer
             be
             ouerladen
             with
             good
             meanure
             or
             compasse
             ,
             since
             it
             is
             only
             the
             want
             of
             warmth
             and
             fatnesse
             which
             meanure
             breedeth
             ,
             that
             causeth
             all
             manner
             of
             vnfruitfulnesse
             .
          
           
             After
             you
             haue
             thus
             meanured
             all
             your
             ground
             ,
             it
             is
             
             to
             be
             supposed
             that
             the
             season
             of
             the
             yeare
             will
             be
             well
             shot
             on
             ,
             for
             the
             labour
             of
             sanding
             will
             take
             little
             lesse
             then
             two
             Months
             ,
             your
             ground
             being
             of
             any
             indifferent
             great
             quantitie
             ,
             except
             you
             haue
             the
             assistance
             and
             helpe
             of
             many
             of
             your
             friends
             ,
             which
             is
             a
             curtesie
             that
             euery
             Husbandman
             may
             imbrace
             ,
             but
             not
             trust
             vnto
             ;
             for
             I
             would
             not
             wish
             any
             man
             that
             hath
             not
             Tenants
             to
             command
             ,
             to
             presume
             on
             other
             friends
             ,
             lest
             they
             fayle
             him
             ,
             and
             so
             his
             worke
             lye
             halfe
             done
             ,
             halfe
             vndone
             ,
             which
             is
             a
             great
             Charracter
             of
             negligence
             and
             improuidence
             :
             but
             let
             euery
             one
             proportion
             their
             labours
             according
             to
             their
             owne
             strengths
             ,
             and
             the
             number
             of
             their
             ordinary
             families
             .
             The
             lyming
             of
             your
             ground
             ,
             will
             take
             at
             least
             halfe
             so
             much
             time
             as
             the
             sanding
             ;
             and
             the
             meanuring
             rather
             more
             then
             lesse
             then
             the
             lyming
             ;
             so
             that
             by
             any
             reasonable
             computatiō
             of
             time
             ,
             beginning
             to
             Plow
             your
             ground
             at
             the
             beginning
             of
             May
             ,
             ere
             it
             be
             hackt
             ,
             sanded
             ,
             lymed
             ,
             and
             meanured
             ,
             Michaelmas
             will
             be
             come
             ,
             which
             is
             the
             last
             of
             September
             :
             for
             I
             allow
             the
             Month
             of
             May
             
             to
             plowing
             and
             backing
             ,
             Iune
             and
             Iuly
             ,
             for
             sanding
             ;
             August
             ,
             for
             lyming
             ;
             and
             September
             ,
             for
             meanuring
             .
             So
             then
             to
             proceede
             on
             with
             your
             Labour
             ,
             at
             Michalmas
             ,
             or
             from
             that
             time
             to
             the
             end
             of
             October
             ,
             you
             shall
             
             begin
             to
             Plow
             ouer
             that
             ground
             againc
             which
             formerly
             you
             had
             plowed
             ,
             hackt
             ,
             sanded
             ,
             lymed
             and
             manured
             ;
             and
             at
             this
             later
             plowing
             ,
             you
             shall
             plow
             the
             ground
             somewhat
             deeper
             then
             you
             did
             before
             ;
             and
             taking
             a
             good
             stitch
             (
             as
             they
             call
             it
             in
             Husbandry
             )
             you
             shall
             be
             sure
             to
             raise
             vp
             the
             quick
             earth
             which
             had
             not
             beene
             stirred
             vp
             with
             the
             Plow
             before
             ,
             making
             your
             furrowes
             greater
             and
             deeper
             then
             formerly
             they
             were
             ,
             and
             laying
             them
             closer
             and
             rounder
             together
             then
             they
             were
             before
             ;
             and
             in
             this
             ardor
             or
             later
             earing
             ,
             you
             shall
             be
             carefull
             to
             Plow
             your
             ground
             as
             cleane
             as
             you
             can
             ,
             without
             balkes
             or
             other
             escapes
             in
             Husbandrie
             ,
             and
             as
             you
             thus
             plow
             your
             ground
             ,
             you
             shall
             haue
             certaine
             Hackers
             ,
             
             with
             their
             hacks
             to
             follow
             the
             Plow
             ,
             and
             to
             cut
             the
             Earth
             and
             furrowes
             into
             very
             small
             pieces
             ,
             as
             was
             formerly
             shewed
             in
             the
             hacking
             and
             cutting
             of
             the
             first
             Ardor
             :
             then
             so
             soone
             as
             your
             ground
             is
             thus
             plowed
             &
             hackt
             `you
             shal
             take
             a
             paire
             or
             two
             of
             very
             strong
             &
             good
             yron
             Harrows
             ,
             
             and
             with
             them
             you
             shail
             goe
             ouer
             your
             ground
             ,
             tearing
             that
             which
             was
             formerly
             plowed
             and
             hackt
             into
             more
             smaller
             pieces
             then
             before
             ,
             and
             raising
             vp
             the
             mould
             in
             much
             greater
             abundance
             then
             was
             formerly
             seene
             :
             which
             work
             once
             finished
             ,
             you
             shall
             then
             take
             your
             Seed
             ,
             which
             
             would
             be
             the
             finest
             ,
             cleanest
             ,
             and
             best
             Wheate
             you
             can
             prouide
             ,
             and
             after
             the
             manner
             of
             good
             Husbandry
             ,
             you
             shall
             sowe
             it
             on
             the
             ground
             very
             plentifully
             ,
             not
             staruing
             the
             ground
             for
             want
             or
             Seede
             (
             which
             were
             a
             tyranous
             penury
             )
             nor
             yet
             choking
             it
             with
             too
             much
             (
             which
             were
             as
             lauish
             a
             foolery
             )
             but
             
             giuing
             it
             the
             falt
             due
             ,
             leaue
             it
             to
             the
             earth
             and
             Gods
             blessing
             .
          
           
             Now
             so
             soone
             as
             you
             haue
             thus
             sowen
             your
             Seede
             ,
             
             forth
             with
             you
             shall
             take
             all
             the
             Harrowes
             againe
             ,
             harrowing
             the
             Seede
             into
             the
             earth
             ,
             and
             couering
             it
             close
             and
             well
             with
             all
             care
             and
             diligence
             ;
             and
             in
             this
             latter
             harrowing
             ,
             you
             shall
             haue
             great
             respect
             to
             breake
             euery
             clot
             as
             much
             as
             you
             can
             ,
             and
             so
             stir
             vp
             and
             make
             as
             much
             mould
             as
             you
             can
             ,
             and
             the
             finer
             such
             mould
             is
             made
             ,
             the
             better
             it
             is
             ,
             so
             it
             couerdecpe
             and
             close
             ;
             for
             you
             shall
             vnderstand
             ,
             that
             all
             these
             kinde
             of
             barren
             Clayes
             ,
             are
             naturally
             tough
             ,
             cold
             ,
             and
             binding
             ,
             whereby
             they
             stifle
             and
             choke
             any
             thing
             that
             growes
             within
             them
             ;
             for
             the
             naturall
             
             toughnesse
             of
             the
             earth
             will
             not
             giue
             any
             thing
             leaue
             to
             sprout
             ,
             or
             if
             it
             doe
             sprout
             ,
             the
             binding
             nature
             thereof
             ,
             so
             fetters
             and
             locks
             it
             within
             the
             mould
             ,
             that
             it
             cannot
             issue
             our
             ,
             or
             if
             it
             doe
             (
             with
             extreame
             strugling
             )
             rise
             through
             the
             pores
             of
             the
             same
             ,
             yet
             doth
             the
             colde
             presently
             starue
             the
             roote
             and
             make
             the
             stemme
             vtterly
             vnable
             to
             bring
             forth
             fruit
             ,
             or
             any
             profit
             at
             all
             ,
             so
             that
             except
             the
             toughnes
             be
             conuerted
             to
             a
             gentle
             loosenesse
             and
             easie
             diuiding
             of
             it selfe
             ,
             the
             coldnesse
             vnto
             warmth
             ,
             and
             the
             hard
             binding
             vnto
             a
             soft
             libertie
             ,
             there
             can
             be
             small
             hope
             of
             commoditie
             which
             this
             manner
             of
             dressing
             the
             earth
             bring●…
             to
             passe●…
             for
             the
             mixture
             of
             the
             sand
             ,
             takes
             away
             the
             toughnesse
             ;
             the
             Lime
             brings
             heate
             ,
             and
             the
             meanure
             comfort
             and
             libettie
             :
             as
             for
             the
             hacking
             and
             cutting
             the
             earth
             ,
             that
             is
             to
             make
             all
             the
             rost
             simbolize
             and
             mixe
             together
             :
             for
             as
             if
             any
             Physitian
             ,
             Apothecarie
             ,
             or
             Dispensatory
             ,
             if
             he
             make
             a
             medicine
             ,
             and
             cast
             his
             ingredians
             confusedly
             one
             vpon
             another
             ,
             without
             care
             of
             mixture
             ,
             melting
             ,
             or
             dissolution
             ,
             shall
             finde
             but
             a
             corrupt
             ,
             
             disorderly
             ,
             and
             ill
             compounded
             receit
             '
             ;
             so
             he
             that
             dresseth
             and
             meanureth
             his
             ground
             ,
             and
             doth
             not
             by
             hacking
             plowing
             ,
             or
             some
             other
             husbandly
             course
             ,
             mixe
             the
             earth
             and
             the
             compasse
             perfectly
             well
             together
             ,
             shall
             seldome
             finde
             profit
             from
             his
             seede
             ,
             or
             finde
             any
             man
             of
             wit
             desirous
             to
             become
             his
             imitator
             .
             Now
             I
             must
             confesse
             ,
             that
             some
             easie
             grounds
             of
             light
             and
             temperate
             nature
             ,
             will
             mixe
             very
             well
             and
             sufficiently
             by
             the
             helpe
             of
             the
             Plough
             onley
             ;
             but
             this
             barren
             hard
             earth
             of
             which
             I
             now
             write
             ,
             must
             only
             be
             broken
             by
             this
             violent
             and
             extreme
             labour
             ,
             or
             else
             there
             will
             neither
             be
             mould
             ,
             earth
             ,
             nor
             any
             other
             couerture
             for
             the
             seede
             ,
             but
             only
             foule
             ,
             great
             ,
             and
             disorderly
             clots
             and
             lumps
             ,
             through
             which
             the
             graine
             can
             neuer
             passe
             ,
             and
             that
             which
             lyeth
             vncouered
             will
             be
             made
             a
             prey
             to
             foule
             and
             other
             vermine
             which
             will
             howerly
             destroy
             it
             .
          
           
             After
             you
             haue
             sowen
             and
             harrowed
             the
             ground
             ,
             you
             
             shall
             then
             see
             if
             there
             remaine
             any
             clots
             or
             hard
             lumps
             of
             earth
             vnbroken
             ,
             which
             the
             teeth
             of
             the
             Harrowes
             are
             not
             able
             to
             teare
             in
             pieces
             (
             as
             it
             is
             very
             likely
             you
             shall
             perceiue
             many
             )
             for
             these
             hard
             barren
             earthes
             which
             are
             ploughed
             vp
             in
             their
             greene
             swarthes
             ,
             are
             nothing
             neere
             so
             easily
             broken
             and
             brought
             to
             mould
             ,
             as
             are
             the
             mellow
             soft
             earths
             which
             haue
             beene
             formerly
             ploughed
             many
             times
             before
             ,
             because
             the
             hard
             and
             intricate
             rootes
             of
             the
             Grasse
             ,
             Mosse
             ,
             and
             other
             quick
             substances
             growing
             vpon
             the
             same
             ,
             doth
             binde
             and
             hold
             the
             mould
             so
             close
             and
             fast
             together
             ,
             besides
             the
             naturall
             strength
             and
             hardnesse
             of
             the
             earth
             ,
             that
             without
             much
             industrious
             and
             painefull
             labour
             ,
             it
             is
             impossible
             to
             bring
             it
             to
             that
             finenesse
             of
             mould
             which
             Art
             and
             good
             Husbandry
             requireth
             ;
             therefore
             ,
             as
             soone
             as
             you
             behold
             those
             clots
             and
             lumps
             to
             lye
             vndisseuered
             and
             vnbroken
             ,
             you
             
             shall
             forthwith
             take
             good
             strong
             clotting
             beetles
             ,
             or
             mauls
             made
             of
             hard
             and
             very
             sound
             wood
             ,
             according
             to
             this
             proportion
             of
             figure
             .
          
           
           
             And
             with
             these
             maules
             or
             clotting
             beetles
             ,
             you
             shall
             breake
             all
             the
             hard
             clots
             and
             lumps
             of
             earth
             in
             pieces
             ,
             euen
             to
             so
             small
             dust
             ,
             as
             possibly
             you
             can
             ;
             because
             you
             are
             to
             presuppose
             ,
             that
             these
             clots
             thus
             hard
             ,
             tough
             ,
             and
             vnwilling
             to
             be
             with
             any
             easie
             meanes
             digested
             into
             mould
             ,
             are
             either
             not
             at
             all
             ,
             or
             else
             very
             insussiciently
             mixed
             with
             the
             Sand
             ,
             Lyme
             ,
             and
             other
             meanures
             ;
             and
             therefore
             you
             must
             the
             rather
             breake
             them
             ,
             that
             thereby
             they
             may
             mixe
             ,
             and
             giue
             easie
             passage
             to
             the
             graine
             ,
             and
             not
             like
             heauy
             poyses
             and
             dead
             lumps
             lye
             and
             presse
             downe
             the
             Seede
             so
             that
             it
             cannot
             sprout
             .
          
           
             But
             if
             it
             so
             fall
             out
             that
             partly
             by
             the
             hardnesse
             of
             
             the
             ill
             earth
             ,
             partly
             through
             the
             season
             and
             drynesse
             of
             the
             yeare
             ,
             that
             these
             clots
             and
             lumpes
             of
             earth
             will
             either
             not
             be
             broken
             at
             all
             ,
             or
             at
             least
             so
             insufficiently
             that
             the
             mould
             will
             not
             bee
             any
             thing
             neere
             so
             fine
             as
             you
             would
             haue
             it
             ;
             you
             shall
             then
             hauing
             done
             your
             best
             indeuour
             ,
             let
             your
             ground
             rest
             till
             there
             haue
             fallen
             a
             good
             ground
             shower
             or
             two
             of
             raine
             ,
             which
             may
             wet
             the
             clots
             through
             and
             through
             ;
             and
             then
             the
             
             next
             faire
             blast
             ,
             you
             shall
             take
             your
             clotting
             beetles
             ,
             but
             not
             those
             which
             you
             tooke
             before
             in
             the
             dry
             season
             ,
             but
             some
             much
             lighter
             ,
             broader
             and
             flatter
             ,
             being
             made
             of
             thick
             Ashe
             boards
             more
             then
             a
             foote
             square
             ,
             and
             aboue
             two
             inches
             in
             thicknesse
             ,
             according
             to
             this
             figure
             .
          
           
           
             And
             with
             these
             flat
             mauls
             and
             beetles
             ,
             you
             shall
             break
             all
             the
             vnbroken
             clots
             and
             lumps
             of
             earth
             which
             shall
             trouble
             or
             annoy
             your
             ground
             ,
             making
             your
             Lands
             as
             plaine
             and
             smooth
             as
             is
             possible
             ,
             so
             that
             the
             graine
             may
             haue
             easie
             passage
             forth
             ;
             which
             labour
             as
             soone
             as
             you
             haue
             finished
             ,
             you
             shall
             then
             referre
             the
             increase
             and
             prosperitie
             thereof
             vnto
             the
             mercies
             of
             God
             ,
             who
             no
             doubt
             will
             giue
             his
             blessings
             according
             to
             thy
             labour
             and
             thankfulnesse
             .
          
           
             As
             touching
             the
             trimming
             and
             weeding
             of
             this
             Corne
             ,
             after
             it
             is
             sprung
             a
             foote
             aboue
             the
             earth
             ,
             or
             there
             abouts
             ,
             you
             shall
             vnderstand
             ,
             that
             these
             hard
             barren
             grounds
             are
             very
             seldome
             troubled
             with
             weedes
             ;
             for
             weedes
             ,
             especially
             great
             ,
             strong
             ,
             and
             offensiue
             weedes
             are
             the
             issues
             of
             rich
             and
             fertile
             soyles
             ;
             yet
             ,
             if
             through
             the
             trimming
             and
             making
             of
             this
             earth
             (
             which
             is
             not
             commonly
             seene
             )
             you
             doe
             perceiue
             any
             s●…ore
             of
             thystles
             ,
             or
             other
             grosser
             weedes
             to
             spring
             vp
             ,
             you
             shall
             
             then
             in
             the
             Month
             of
             May
             ,
             with
             hookes
             ,
             nippers
             ,
             and
             such
             like
             tooles
             ,
             cut
             them
             away
             orpull
             them
             vp
             by
             the
             rootes
             ,
             which
             indeede
             is
             the
             better
             manner
             of
             weeding
             .
          
           
             Now
             heere
             is
             to
             be
             vnderstood
             ,
             that
             your
             ground
             being
             thus
             dressed
             and
             trimmed
             as
             is
             before
             shewed
             ,
             you
             
             may
             very
             well
             for
             the
             first
             two
             yeares
             sowe
             Wheate
             or
             Rye
             vpon
             it
             ,
             but
             Wheate
             is
             the
             greater
             profit
             and
             more
             certaine
             seede
             ;
             the
             third
             yearebestowing
             but
             your
             fold
             of
             Sheep
             vpon
             it
             ,
             that
             is
             meanuring
             it
             with
             your
             Sheep
             ,
             (
             for
             it
             is
             to
             be
             intended
             ,
             that
             in
             these
             barren
             earths
             sheep
             are
             the
             greatest
             stocke
             of
             which
             the
             Husband
             man
             can
             boast
             )
             you
             may
             very
             well
             sowe
             it
             with
             barley
             ,
             and
             haue
             a
             fruitfull
             and
             plentifull
             crop
             thereon
             :
             the
             next
             three
             yeares
             ,
             you
             may
             sowe
             it
             with
             Oates
             ;
             and
             the
             senenth
             yeare
             you
             may
             sowe
             it
             with
             small
             white
             Garden
             Pease
             or
             Beanes
             ,
             according
             as
             you
             shall
             finde
             the
             strength
             and
             goodnesse
             of
             the
             ground
             (
             for
             Beanes
             desire
             somewhat
             a
             rich●…r
             soile
             then
             the
             Pease
             )
             then
             for
             three
             or
             foure
             yeares
             following
             the
             seuen
             ,
             you
             may
             let
             it
             lye
             at
             rest
             for
             Grasse
             ,
             and
             doubtlesse
             it
             will
             yeeld
             you
             either
             as
             good
             Pasture
             ,
             or
             as
             good
             Medow
             as
             you
             can
             reasonably
             (
             according
             as
             the
             necessitie
             of
             your
             occasions
             )
             shall
             require
             .
             And
             then
             after
             the
             expeence
             of
             this
             time
             ,
             it
             shall
             be
             good
             that
             you
             dresse
             and
             order
             your
             ground
             againe
             in
             such
             sort
             as
             was
             formerly
             declared
             ;
             and
             thus
             you
             may
             euery
             yeare
             dresse
             one
             or
             other
             piece
             of
             ground
             ,
             till
             you
             haue
             gone
             ouer
             all
             your
             ground
             ,
             or
             at
             least
             as
             much
             as
             you
             shall
             thinke
             expedient
             ;
             and
             without
             faile
             ,
             he
             that
             is
             Master
             of
             the
             most
             fruitfullest
             and
             richest
             soyle
             ,
             shall
             not
             boast
             of
             any
             greater
             increase
             then
             you
             shall
             ,
             only
             your
             charge
             may
             be
             a
             little
             more
             ,
             and
             so
             shall
             be
             also
             your
             commoditi●…
             ,
             
             which
             shall
             make
             an
             amends
             for
             your
             charge
             ;
             as
             for
             your
             toyles
             ,
             yours
             shall
             be
             much
             the
             lesse
             ,
             by
             a
             iust
             computation
             ;
             for
             though
             you
             haue
             many
             labours
             ,
             yet
             they
             are
             but
             Somer
             labours
             ,
             and
             neither
             hurt
             your
             owne
             body
             ,
             nor
             your
             Cattell
             :
             whereas
             the
             Master
             of
             the
             rich
             soyle
             is
             in
             continuall
             worke
             both
             Winter
             and
             Somer
             ,
             labouring
             twice
             so
             much
             to
             confound
             the
             superfluous
             growth
             of
             weedes
             as
             you
             doe
             to
             beget
             the
             increase
             of
             Corne
             ;
             and
             whereas
             he
             must
             euer
             keepe
             a
             third
             or
             fourth
             part
             of
             his
             Corne-ground
             without
             fruit
             ,
             you
             shall
             not
             keepe
             any
             which
             shall
             not
             yeeld
             you
             a
             sufficient
             commoditie
             .
          
           
             Now
             me
             thinkes
             I
             heare
             ,
             in
             this
             place
             ,
             to
             be
             obiected
             
             vnto
             me
             ,
             that
             whereas
             I
             doe
             prescribe
             the
             sanding
             of
             these
             barren
             Earths
             with
             the
             salt
             Sea-sand
             ,
             and
             no
             other
             (
             as
             it
             is
             true
             ,
             for
             all
             other
             fresh
             sand
             is
             vnauaileable
             )
             what
             if
             the
             ground
             doe
             lye
             so
             farre
             within
             the
             Land
             ,
             that
             there
             is
             no
             salt
             sand
             within
             many
             score
             of
             miles
             of
             it
             ,
             how
             then
             shall
             I
             make
             good
             my
             barren
             earth
             ;
             sure
             to
             fetch
             sand
             so
             farre
             ,
             will
             neuer
             equall
             the
             cost
             ,
             or
             it
             may
             be
             this
             experience
             hath
             no
             further
             limits
             then
             to
             such
             hard
             and
             barren
             earths
             as
             lye
             alongst
             the
             Sea
             coast
             only
             .
          
           
             To
             this
             I
             answere
             ,
             that
             al-be
             this
             salt
             Sea
             sand
             be
             of
             
             infinite
             good
             and
             necessary
             vse
             ,
             inriching
             grounds
             wonderfully
             much
             ,
             yet
             is
             not
             this
             experience
             of
             bettering
             of
             barren
             soiles
             ,
             so
             strictly
             feltered
             or
             bound
             thereunto
             ,
             but
             that
             without
             any
             vse
             of
             the
             same
             ,
             you
             may
             make
             your
             earth
             as
             fruitfull
             in
             Corne
             or
             Grasse
             ,
             as
             hath
             beene
             already
             formerly
             declared
             .
          
           
             Therefore
             if
             your
             ground
             lye
             much
             within
             the
             Land
             ,
             and
             farre
             from
             the
             Sea
             ,
             so
             that
             this
             commoditie
             of
             sand
             
             is
             not
             by
             any
             possible
             meanes
             to
             be
             gotten
             ,
             then
             you
             
             shall
             (
             hauing
             first
             lookt
             into
             the
             nature
             of
             your
             ground
             ,
             and
             finding
             it
             to
             be
             by
             all
             charracters
             and
             faces
             a
             cold
             ,
             barren
             ,
             stiffe
             ,
             dry
             Clay
             ,
             yeelding
             nothing
             but
             a
             short
             mossie
             grasse
             ,
             without
             any
             other
             burthen
             at
             all
             as
             is
             seene
             vpon
             most
             Plaines
             ,
             and
             Downes
             of
             this
             Kingdome
             )
             first
             ,
             plow
             it
             and
             hack
             it
             as
             was
             before
             shewed
             in
             the
             former
             part
             of
             this
             Chapter
             ,
             then
             in
             stead
             of
             sanding
             it
             ,
             you
             shall
             lime
             it
             as
             beforesaid
             ,
             or
             rather
             a
             little
             more
             plentifully
             ,
             then
             you
             shall
             meanure
             it
             ,
             after
             (
             at
             seede
             time
             )
             you
             shall
             plow
             it
             and
             hack
             it
             againe
             ,
             then
             harrow
             it
             as
             before
             said
             ;
             then
             to
             euery
             aker
             of
             ground
             ,
             you
             shall
             take
             two
             bushels
             of
             very
             dry
             bay
             salt
             ,
             and
             in
             such
             manner
             as
             you
             sowe
             
             your
             Wheate
             ,
             you
             shall
             sowe
             this
             salt
             vpon
             the
             ground
             ,
             then
             immediatly
             after
             the
             sowing
             of
             the
             salt
             ,
             you
             shall
             sowe
             your
             Wheate
             ,
             which
             Wheate
             would
             be
             thus
             prepared
             before
             you
             sowe
             it
             ;
             the
             day
             before
             you
             are
             to
             sowe
             your
             graine
             ,
             you
             shall
             take
             Bay
             salt
             and
             water
             ,
             and
             mixing
             them
             together
             make
             a
             brine
             so
             strong
             that
             it
             wil
             beare
             an
             egge
             ,
             then
             put
             the
             Wheate
             you
             are
             to
             sowe
             into
             that
             brine
             ,
             and
             let
             it
             steepe
             therein
             till
             the
             next
             day
             then
             draine
             it
             as
             cleane
             as
             may
             be
             from
             the
             brine
             ,
             and
             so
             sowe
             it
             ,
             harrow
             it
             ,
             clot
             it
             ,
             and
             weede
             it
             ,
             as
             was
             before
             declared
             ,
             and
             no
             doubt
             but
             you
             shall
             finde
             a
             meruellous
             great
             increase
             thereby
             :
             for
             this
             I
             can
             assure
             you
             ,
             both
             from
             a
             most
             
             certaine
             knowledge
             ,
             and
             a
             most
             worthy
             relation
             ,
             that
             a
             Gentleman
             buying
             some
             store
             of
             seede
             Wheate
             ,
             and
             inforst
             to
             bring
             it
             home
             by
             Sea
             ,
             by
             some
             casual
             means
             some
             of
             the
             sack
             at
             the
             vnlading
             ,
             fell
             into
             the
             Sea
             ,
             and
             were
             much
             drencht
             in
             the
             salt
             water
             ,
             whereat
             the
             Gentleman
             being
             grieued
             (
             as
             doubting
             some
             hurt
             to
             come
             to
             the
             Seede
             )
             yet
             inforst
             of
             necessitie
             to
             make
             vse
             
             thereof
             caused
             all
             the
             Wheate
             which
             was
             so
             wet
             to
             be
             sowen
             by
             it selfe
             in
             a
             parucular
             place
             ,
             and
             vpon
             the
             worst
             ground
             which
             he
             had
             ,
             (
             as
             much
             dispairing
             in
             the
             increase
             thereof
             )
             and
             it
             is
             most
             infallibly
             true
             ,
             that
             of
             that
             wet
             Seede
             ,
             he
             receiued
             at
             least
             fiue-fold
             more
             profit
             then
             of
             any
             other
             ,
             and
             from
             thence
             it
             came
             ,
             that
             this
             experiment
             of
             Bryne
             and
             the
             sowing
             of
             salt
             hath
             taken
             place
             ;
             from
             which
             the
             painfull
             husband-man
             hath
             found
             such
             infinite
             increase
             to
             arise
             ,
             that
             the
             vse
             thereof
             will
             neuer
             be
             layed
             downe
             in
             this
             Kingdome
             ,
             neither
             is
             the
             thing
             in
             it selfe
             ,
             without
             good
             and
             strong
             probabilitie
             of
             much
             increase
             and
             strength
             for
             the
             bettering
             of
             all
             manner
             of
             earable
             grounds
             ;
             for
             there
             is
             nothing
             which
             killeth
             weedes
             ,
             quicks
             ,
             and
             other
             offences
             of
             the
             ground
             so
             much
             as
             saltnesse
             :
             for
             what
             makes
             your
             Pigeons
             dung
             and
             your
             Pullens
             dung
             to
             be
             better
             for
             earable
             grounds
             then
             any
             other
             dung
             or
             meanure
             whatsoeuer
             ,
             but
             by
             reason
             of
             the
             saltnesse
             thereof
             ,
             by
             which
             saltnesse
             also
             ,
             you
             may
             iudge
             the
             strength
             and
             heate
             thereof
             ,
             insomuch
             that
             the
             propper
             taste
             of
             fier
             ,
             or
             any
             hot
             thing
             is
             euer
             salt
             ;
             also
             we
             say
             in
             Phylosiphie
             ,
             that
             blood
             which
             carryeth
             the
             vitall
             heate
             and
             warmth
             of
             the
             body
             ,
             is
             in
             taste
             salt
             ,
             and
             so
             a
             nourisher
             ,
             maintainer
             ,
             and
             increaser
             of
             all
             the
             strength
             and
             vigor
             of
             the
             inward
             faculties
             ;
             whereas
             Fleame
             ,
             Chollar
             ,
             and
             Melancholly
             ,
             which
             are
             the
             hurts
             and
             confounders
             of
             the
             vitall
             spirits
             ;
             the
             first
             ,
             is
             in
             taste
             sweete
             ;
             the
             second
             bitter
             ;
             and
             the
             last
             ,
             of
             an
             earthy
             and
             dry
             taste
             ,
             full
             of
             much
             loathsomenesse
             .
          
           
             Now
             againe
             you
             shall
             vnderstand
             ,
             that
             as
             you
             thus
             wet
             
             or
             steep
             your
             Wheate
             seede
             ,
             so
             you
             may
             also
             steepe
             any
             
             other
             seede
             ,
             as
             Barley
             ,
             Oates
             ,
             Beanes
             ,
             Pease
             ,
             Lupins
             ,
             Fetches
             ,
             and
             such
             like
             ;
             of
             which
             ,
             your
             Beanes
             ,
             Pease
             ,
             and
             Lupins
             ,
             you
             may
             steepe
             more
             then
             any
             of
             the
             rest
             ,
             and
             your
             Oates
             the
             least
             .
             As
             touching
             Rye
             ,
             it
             shall
             be
             good
             not
             to
             steepe
             it
             at
             all
             ,
             for
             it
             is
             a
             great
             enemy
             to
             all
             manner
             of
             wet
             and
             moistnre
             ,
             insomuch
             ,
             that
             the
             curious
             Husband-man
             will
             forbeare
             to
             sowe
             it
             in
             any
             great
             shower
             of
             raine
             ,
             bearing
             in
             his
             minde
             this
             ancient
             addage
             or
             saying
             ,
             that
             
               Rye
               will
               drownd
               in
               the
               Hopper
               :
            
             as
             on
             the
             contrary
             part
             ,
             Wheate
             would
             be
             sowen
             so
             moist
             that
             it
             might
             ftick
             to
             the
             Hopper
             ;
             yet
             notwithstanding
             ,
             when
             you
             doe
             sowe
             Rye
             in
             any
             of
             these
             In-land
             and
             cold
             barren
             Country
             ,
             where
             sand
             is
             not
             to
             be
             gotten
             ,
             you
             shall
             not
             by
             any
             meanes
             omit
             the
             sowing
             of
             your
             salt
             before
             ,
             for
             it
             is
             nothing
             neere
             so
             moyst
             as
             it
             is
             warme
             and
             comfortable
             .
             And
             thus
             much
             touching
             the
             ordering
             ,
             plowing
             ,
             and
             sowing
             of
             all
             barren
             ,
             cold
             ,
             and
             moyst
             Clayes
             ,
             whether
             they
             be
             mixt
             or
             vnmixt
             ,
             which
             are
             plaine
             and
             vnfruitfull
             ,
             as
             bearing
             no
             other
             burthen
             then
             short
             mossie
             grasse
             ,
             without
             any
             other
             hard
             and
             boystrous
             substances
             .
          
        
         
           
           
             CHAP.
             III.
             
          
           
             
               Of
               the
               Ordering
               ,
               Tylling
               ,
               and
               Dressing
               of
               all
               rough
               Barren
               Clayes
               ,
               whether
               simple
               or
               compound
               ,
               being
               laden
               and
               ouerrunne
               with
               Gorse
               Broome
               ,
               and
               such
               like
               .
            
          
           
             NExtvnto
             these
             plaine
             barren
             earths
             ,
             which
             by
             reason
             of
             their
             heights
             and
             eleuations
             ,
             are
             subiect
             in
             the
             Winter
             time
             to
             all
             manner
             of
             cold
             ,
             frosts
             ,
             ftormes
             ,
             tempests
             ,
             blasts
             ,
             and
             windes
             which
             are
             the
             perfit
             binderers
             of
             all
             increase
             and
             growth
             ;
             and
             in
             the
             Somer
             time
             to
             all
             hot
             scorchings
             ,
             scaldings
             ,
             and
             fierie
             reflections
             of
             the
             Sunne
             ,
             which
             on
             the
             contrary
             part
             ,
             burneth
             and
             withereth
             away
             ,
             that
             little
             seeming
             increase
             which
             appeareth
             aboue
             the
             earth
             .
             I
             will
             place
             that
             barren
             Clay
             ,
             whether
             it
             be
             mixt
             o●…vnmixt
             ,
             which
             lying
             not
             so
             high
             ,
             and
             subiect
             vnto
             those
             hurts
             and
             offences
             ,
             seemeth
             to
             be
             a
             little
             more
             fruitfull
             ,
             yet
             either
             by
             the
             extreme
             cold
             moisture
             thereof
             ,
             or
             the
             stony
             hardnesse
             and
             other
             malignant
             qualities
             ,
             is
             no
             lesse
             barren
             then
             that
             of
             which
             I
             haue
             formerly
             written
             ,
             which
             inde●…de
             is
             that
             barren
             and
             vilde
             soile
             ,
             which
             will
             neither
             beare
             Corne
             nor
             Grasse
             ,
             but
             is
             only
             ouer-runne
             and
             quite
             couered
             ouer
             with
             great
             ,
             thicke
             ,
             and
             tall
             bushes
             of
             Gorse
             or
             Furres
             ,
             which
             is
             a
             most
             sharpe
             ,
             woody
             and
             grosse
             weede
             ;
             so
             full
             of
             pricks
             ,
             that
             neither
             Horse
             ,
             Beast
             ,
             Sheepe
             nor
             Goates
             dare
             thrust
             their
             noses
             to
             the
             ground
             to
             gather
             vp
             that
             little
             poore
             grasse
             which
             groweth
             thereon
             :
             Andal-be
             these
             Gorse
             ,
             or
             Furres
             ,
             are
             one
             way
             a
             little
             commodity
             to
             the
             needfull
             Husband-man
             ,
             in
             
             being
             a
             reasonable
             good
             fewell
             ,
             either
             for
             Baking
             ,
             Brewing
             ,
             or
             diuers
             other
             sudden
             and
             necessary
             vses
             ;
             yet
             ,
             in
             as
             much
             as
             the
             profit
             being
             compared
             with
             the
             great
             quantitie
             of
             earth
             which
             they
             couer
             and
             destroy
             ,
             and
             which
             with
             good
             husbandry
             might
             be
             brought
             to
             great
             fruitfulnesse
             ,
             is
             indeede
             no
             profit
             at
             all
             ;
             it
             shall
             not
             be
             amisse
             for
             euery
             good
             Husband-man
             that
             is
             pestered
             and
             ouer-laden
             with
             such
             ground
             ,
             to
             seeke
             by
             way
             of
             good
             husbandry
             how
             to
             reduce
             and
             bring
             it
             to
             that
             perfection
             and
             excellencie
             which
             may
             bec
             best
             for
             his
             one
             particular
             commoditie
             ,
             and
             the
             generall
             good
             of
             the
             kingdome
             wherein
             he
             liueth
             .
          
           
             Then
             is
             there
             another
             kinde
             of
             soyle
             which
             is
             nothing
             at
             all
             differing
             from
             this
             ,
             but
             is
             euery
             way
             as
             barren
             and
             sterryll
             ,
             which
             is
             that
             ground
             which
             is
             ouer
             runne
             with
             Broome
             (
             which
             is
             as
             noysome
             a
             weede
             as
             the
             former
             )
             and
             though
             it
             haue
             not
             such
             sharpe
             prickles
             as
             the
             other
             ,
             whereby
             to
             hinder
             the
             grazing
             of
             Cattell
             ;
             yet
             doth
             it
             grow
             so
             close
             and
             thick
             together
             ,
             and
             is
             naturally
             so
             poysonous
             and
             offensiue
             to
             grasse
             ,
             that
             you
             shall
             seldome
             see
             any
             grow
             where
             this
             Broome
             prospereth
             ,
             besides
             the
             bittrrnesse
             thereof
             is
             so
             vnpleasant
             and
             distastefull
             to
             all
             kinde
             of
             Cattell
             ,
             that
             not
             any
             will
             euer
             crop
             or
             bite
             vpon
             the
             same
             ,
             only
             it
             is
             of
             some
             necessary
             vse
             for
             the
             poore
             Husbandman
             ,
             in
             respect
             that
             it
             serueth
             him
             both
             for
             fuell
             ,
             for
             thatching
             and
             the
             couering
             of
             his
             houses
             (
             being
             for
             that
             purpose
             ,
             of
             all
             ,
             the
             longest
             lasting
             )
             and
             also
             for
             the
             making
             of
             Beesomes
             for
             clensing
             of
             the
             house
             and
             Barnes
             ,
             or
             else
             for
             sale
             and
             commodity
             in
             the
             Market
             ;
             all
             which
             profits
             (
             as
             before
             I
             said
             )
             being
             compared
             with
             the
             losse
             of
             the
             ground
             and
             the
             goodnesse
             that
             might
             be
             reaped
             from
             the
             same
             ,
             are
             indeede
             truly
             no
             profits
             but
             hinderances
             .
          
           
           
             Therefore
             I
             would
             wish
             euery
             man
             that
             is
             Master
             of
             such
             grounds
             ,
             whether
             they
             be
             ouerrunne
             with
             Gorse
             ,
             Furres
             ,
             Broome
             ,
             or
             any
             such
             kinde
             of
             grose
             ,
             woody
             ,
             or
             substantiall
             weede
             :
             first
             ,
             to
             cut
             vp
             the
             iweede
             (
             of
             what
             
             sort
             so
             euer
             it
             be
             )
             whether
             Gorse
             ,
             Furres
             ,
             or
             Broome
             )
             as
             close
             and
             neere
             vnto
             the
             ground
             as
             you
             can
             possibly
             ,
             and
             then
             making
             them
             vp
             into
             sheafes
             or
             bigge
             Faggots
             ,
             carry
             them
             home
             and
             stack
             them
             vp
             very
             dry
             ,
             so
             as
             no
             raine
             may
             enter
             or
             peirce
             into
             them
             ,
             for
             the
             smallest
             wet
             will
             rot
             and
             consume
             them
             to
             dirt
             and
             filthinesse
             ;
             which
             done
             ,
             you
             shall
             make
             Labourers
             with
             hacks
             ,
             picks
             ,
             and
             such
             like
             tooles
             to
             stub
             vp
             ail
             the
             rootes
             which
             you
             left
             in
             the
             ground
             ,
             euen
             to
             the
             very
             bottome
             of
             the
             same
             ;
             and
             these
             rootes
             you
             shall
             be
             very
             carefull
             to
             haue
             stubbed
             vp
             exceeding
             cleane
             ,
             by
             no
             meanes
             leauing
             (
             so
             neere
             as
             you'can
             )
             any
             part
             or
             parcell
             of
             the
             rootes
             behinde
             you
             ;
             then
             these
             rootes
             thus
             stubbed
             vp
             ,
             you
             shall
             diligently
             gather
             together
             into
             little
             heaps
             as
             bigge
             as
             moale-hils
             ,
             and
             place
             them
             vpon
             the
             ground
             a
             pretie
             distance
             one
             from
             another
             ,
             and
             so
             let
             them
             lye
             till
             the
             Sunne
             and
             Winde
             haue
             dryed
             them
             (
             for
             it
             is
             to
             be
             intended
             ,
             that
             this
             labour
             must
             begin
             about
             the
             latter
             end
             of
             Aprill
             and
             beginning
             of
             May.
             
          
           
             Then
             so
             soone
             as
             you
             finde
             these
             rootes
             are
             thorowly
             
             dryed
             ,
             you
             shall
             pile
             them
             handsomely
             together
             ,
             laying
             them
             a
             little
             hollow
             one
             from
             another
             ,
             and
             then
             with
             a
             hack
             cut
             vp
             some
             of
             the
             same
             earth
             ,
             and
             therewithall
             couer
             all
             the
             rootes
             quite
             ouer
             ,
             only
             leauing
             a
             venthole
             at
             the
             top
             and
             on
             one
             side
             ,
             and
             so
             let
             the
             hils
             rest
             two
             or
             three
             daies
             till
             the
             earth
             be
             a
             little
             partcht
             and
             dried
             ,
             then
             take
             fier
             and
             some
             other
             light
             drie
             fuell
             which
             is
             apteft
             to
             blaze
             ,
             and
             with
             the
             same
             kindle
             euery
             hill
             ,
             not
             leauing
             them
             till
             you
             see
             them
             
             perfectly
             on
             fier
             ,
             which
             done
             ,
             let
             them
             burne
             both
             day
             and
             night
             ,
             till
             the
             substance
             being
             wholly
             consumed
             ,
             the
             fier
             goe
             out
             of
             it
             one selfe
             ,
             and
             this
             in
             some
             Countries
             is
             called
             the
             
               Burning
               of
               Baite
            
             .
          
           
             Now
             assoone
             as
             the
             fier
             hath
             beene
             extinguished
             for
             
             two
             or
             three
             daies
             ,
             you
             shall
             then
             come
             ,
             and
             with
             shouels
             and
             beetles
             (
             to
             breake
             the
             hard
             burnt
             earth
             in
             pieces
             )
             you
             shall
             spread
             al
             the
             ashes
             clean
             ouer
             the
             ground
             ;
             which
             done
             ,
             you
             shall
             with
             a
             very
             strong
             Plow
             teare
             vp
             the
             earth
             into
             great
             and
             deepe
             furrowes
             ,
             and
             deuide
             into
             Lands
             as
             you
             shall
             thinke
             meete
             and
             conuenient
             ,
             laying
             them
             higher
             or
             flatter
             as
             you
             shall
             haue
             occasion
             ,
             and
             as
             the
             ground
             lyeth
             more
             or
             lesse
             within
             the
             danger
             of
             water
             ,
             whether
             it
             be
             the
             ouerflowing
             of
             some
             neere
             neighbouring
             Brooks
             or
             Riuers
             ,
             or
             else
             other
             standing
             water
             occasioned
             by
             raine
             and
             extraordinary
             showers
             ,
             which
             must
             be
             carefully
             lookt
             vnto
             ,
             because
             all
             ouerflowes
             
             and
             inundation
             of
             water
             ,
             is
             a
             mightie
             destroyer
             and
             consumer
             of
             graine
             :
             but
             these
             barren
             grounds
             of
             which
             I
             now
             write
             ,
             are
             very
             seldome
             opprest
             with
             water
             ;
             for
             most
             commonly
             they
             lye
             so
             high
             ,
             that
             the
             continuall
             drienesse
             thereof
             ,
             is
             a
             strong
             occasion
             of
             the
             much
             vnfruitfulnesse
             .
             After
             you
             haue
             thus
             burnt
             your
             baite
             and
             plowed
             vp
             your
             ground
             ,
             you
             shall
             then
             with
             your
             hacks
             hack
             it
             into
             small
             pieces
             ,
             in
             such
             manner
             as
             was
             declared
             in
             the
             former
             Chapter
             ;
             then
             you
             shall
             (
             if
             the
             Sea
             be
             any
             thing
             neere
             you
             )
             sand
             it
             with
             salt
             sand
             (
             as
             beforesaid
             )
             then
             lime
             it
             and
             after
             ,
             meanure
             it
             either
             with
             Oxe
             dung
             ,
             Horse
             dung
             ,
             rotten
             Straw
             ,
             mudde
             of
             Ponds
             and
             Ditches
             ,
             the
             spyteling
             of
             House-floores
             ,
             or
             sweepings
             of
             Channels
             and
             Streeres
             ,
             or
             such
             like
             ,
             or
             
             for
             want
             of
             all
             these
             in
             case
             you
             dwell
             neere
             vnto
             the
             Sea-coast
             (
             where
             mean●…
             for
             the
             most
             part
             is
             in
             greatest
             
             scarcitie
             ,
             and
             the
             hardest
             to
             be
             come
             by
             )
             you
             shall
             gather
             from
             the
             bottome
             of
             the
             Rocks
             (
             where
             the
             seydge
             of
             the
             Sea
             continually
             beateth
             )
             a
             certaine
             blacke
             weede
             ,
             whica
             they
             call
             Hemp
             weede
             ,
             hauing
             great
             broad
             leaues
             ,
             and
             growing
             in
             great
             abundance
             ,
             in
             thick
             tufts
             ,
             and
             hanging
             together
             like
             Pease-straw
             ;
             and
             with
             these
             weeds
             ,
             you
             shal
             couer
             your
             Lands
             all
             ouer
             of
             a
             prety
             good
             thicknesse
             
             and
             then
             forth
             with
             you
             shall
             plow
             it
             againe
             somewhat
             deeper
             ,
             and
             with
             somewhat
             greater
             furrowes
             then
             before
             ,
             raising
             vp
             the
             new
             quick
             earth
             to
             intermingle
             and
             mixe
             with
             those
             meanures
             and
             helpes
             which
             you
             had
             formerly
             prepared
             and
             laid
             vpon
             the
             ground
             ;
             then
             shall
             you
             againe
             hack
             it
             and
             harrow
             it
             ,
             then
             shall
             you
             take
             Pigeons
             dung
             ,
             or
             Pullens
             dung
             (
             that
             is
             any
             kind
             
             of
             land
             foule
             whatsoeuer
             ,
             but
             by
             no
             meanes
             any
             water
             foule
             )
             or
             Pigeons
             dung
             and
             Pullens
             dung
             mixt
             together
             ,
             and
             allowing
             to
             euery
             aker
             two
             or
             three
             bushels
             thereof
             ,
             which
             is
             the
             true
             quantitie
             of
             seede
             proportioned
             for
             the
             same
             ,
             and
             this
             dung
             being
             broken
             and
             masht
             into
             small
             peices
             ,
             you
             shall
             put
             into
             your
             Sydlop
             or
             Hopper
             ,
             and
             in
             the
             same
             manner
             as
             you
             sowe
             your
             Corne
             ,
             you
             shall
             sowe
             this
             dung
             vpon
             the
             ground
             ,
             and
             then
             immediatly
             after
             it
             ,
             you
             shall
             sowe
             your
             Wheate
             either
             steept
             in
             brine
             or
             salt
             Sea-water
             ,
             or
             vnsteept
             ,
             as
             you
             shall
             thinke
             good
             ,
             but
             in
             case
             you
             can
             neither
             get
             salt
             sand
             nor
             Sea-Rocke
             weedes
             ,
             then
             you
             shall
             by
             no
             meanes
             omit
             the
             steeping
             of
             your
             Seede
             ;
             neither
             shall
             you
             faile
             before
             you
             sowe
             your
             seede
             ,
             to
             mixe
             with
             your
             Pigeons
             and
             Pullens
             dung
             ,
             a
             full
             equall
             part
             of
             
             Bay
             salt
             well
             dryed
             and
             broken
             ,
             and
             so
             sowen
             with
             the
             dung
             vpon
             the
             land
             ,
             and
             then
             the
             seede
             after
             it
             ;
             which
             done
             ,
             you
             shall
             Harrow
             it
             againe
             ,
             clotit
             ,
             sleight
             it
             ,
             and
             smoth
             it
             ,
             in
             such
             sort
             as
             was
             formerly
             declared
             
             in
             the
             former
             Chapter
             ,
             for
             these
             labours
             haue
             no
             alterations
             ,
             but
             must
             in
             all
             points
             be
             done
             as
             was
             before
             set
             downe
             .
          
           
             Now
             touching
             the
             weeding
             of
             this
             earth
             ;
             after
             the
             
             Corne
             beginneth
             to
             grow
             aboue
             the
             ground
             ,
             there
             is
             no
             feare
             to
             be
             had
             either
             of
             Thistles
             ,
             Tares
             ,
             Cockles
             ,
             Darnell
             Docks
             ,
             and
             such
             like
             strong
             weedes
             ,
             which
             indeed
             are
             the
             issues
             of
             good
             groundsill
             ordered
             and
             handled
             :
             But
             the
             weeds
             which
             you
             shall
             most
             feare
             in
             this
             place
             ,
             is
             yong
             Gorse
             ,
             or
             Furs
             ,
             or
             else
             yong
             Broome
             ,
             which
             are
             very
             apt
             to
             grow
             from
             the
             leaft
             part
             or
             parcell
             of
             roots
             that
             shall
             be
             left
             behind
             ;
             nay
             ,
             the
             very
             nature
             of
             those
             barren
             earths
             is
             such
             ,
             that
             of
             the
             one
             accord
             it
             will
             bring
             forth
             those
             weedes
             ,
             the
             cold
             sharpnesse
             of
             the
             ayre
             mixing
             with
             the
             fterrility
             and
             roughnesse
             of
             the
             earth
             ,
             being
             the
             cause
             that
             it
             will
             giue
             life
             to
             no
             other
             better
             plants
             ;
             therefore
             so
             soone
             as
             you
             shall
             behold
             any
             of
             them
             to
             appeare
             aboue
             the
             earth
             ,
             though
             they
             be
             not
             halfe
             a
             singer
             high
             ,
             you
             shall
             presently
             ,
             with
             all
             diligence
             ,
             pull
             them
             vp
             by
             the
             rootes
             and
             cast
             them
             away
             ,
             or
             lay
             them
             in
             heapes
             that
             they
             may
             be
             afterwards
             burnt
             ,
             and
             the
             ashes
             sprinkled
             vpon
             the
             ground
             ,
             and
             heerein
             is
             to
             be
             obserued
             ,
             that
             the
             yonger
             and
             the
             sooner
             that
             you
             doe
             pull
             vp
             these
             weedes
             ,
             the
             better
             it
             is
             and
             the
             easilier
             they
             will
             come
             from
             the
             earth
             ,
             and
             the
             sooner
             be
             destroyed
             :
             for
             all
             those
             mixtures
             where
             with
             already
             you
             haue
             beene
             taught
             to
             mixe
             your
             earth
             ,
             are
             in
             themselues
             such
             naturall
             enemies
             to
             all
             these
             kinde
             of
             barren
             weedes
             ,
             that
             should
             you
             omit
             the
             manuall
             labour
             of
             destroying
             them
             (
             which
             no
             good
             husband
             willingly
             will
             do
             )
             yet
             in
             time
             the
             earth
             of
             it selfe
             ,
             and
             the
             often
             plowing
             of
             the
             same
             would
             leaue
             no
             such
             
             offence
             of
             weedes
             or
             other
             growths
             which
             might
             hinder
             the
             Corne.
             
          
           
             Now
             touching
             the
             best
             time
             when
             to
             pull
             away
             these
             
             weedes
             ,
             though
             generally
             it
             must
             be
             done
             assoone
             as
             they
             doe
             appeare
             aboue
             the
             ground
             ;
             yet
             it
             shall
             not
             bee
             amisse
             for
             you
             to
             deferre
             the
             worke
             till
             after
             a
             shower
             of
             raine
             ,
             and
             thenimmediatly
             after
             the
             ground
             is
             wet
             (
             and
             so
             by
             that
             meanes
             more
             apt
             and
             willing
             to
             open
             and
             forsake
             the
             rootes
             fastened
             within
             it
             )
             you
             shall
             with
             all
             diligence
             pull
             them
             out
             of
             the
             ground
             and
             destroy
             them
             :
             neither
             shall
             you
             pull
             them
             out
             of
             the
             ground
             with
             your
             hands
             onely
             ;
             for
             the
             Gorse
             haue
             exceeding
             sharpe
             pricks
             ,
             so
             that
             with
             your
             naked
             hands
             you
             are
             not
             able
             to
             touch
             them
             ,
             and
             to
             arme
             your
             hands
             ,
             against
             them
             ,
             with
             ftrong
             thicke
             gloues
             ,
             would
             be
             too
             boistrous
             and
             combersome
             ,
             so
             that
             sometimes
             you
             might
             either
             misse
             the
             weedes
             ,
             and
             pull
             vp
             the
             Corne
             ;
             or
             else
             pull
             vp
             the
             Corne
             and
             weeds
             both
             together
             ;
             therefore
             to
             preuent
             all
             these
             casualties
             or
             hinderances
             ,
             you
             shall
             take
             a
             paire
             of
             long
             small
             woodden
             Nyppers
             ,
             made
             after
             the
             forme
             of
             this
             figure
             .
          
           
           
             And
             with
             these
             you
             shall
             pull
             the
             weedes
             out
             of
             the
             ground
             and
             cast
             them
             into
             the
             furrowes
             by
             the
             sides
             of
             the
             Lands
             ,
             till
             your
             daies
             worke
             be
             finished
             ,
             and
             
             then
             with
             a
             rake
             you
             shall
             rake
             them
             together
             ,
             and
             so
             lay
             them
             in
             heapes
             ,
             to
             dry
             and
             wither
             ,
             in
             more
             conuenient
             places
             ,
             that
             when
             time
             shall
             serue
             ,
             you
             may
             burne
             th●…m
             and
             vse
             them
             ,
             as
             was
             before
             declared
             .
          
           
             Laftly
             ,
             you
             shall
             haue
             great
             respect
             that
             if
             this
             ground
             
             be
             very
             much
             troubled
             with
             loose
             stones
             ,
             as
             Flynt
             ,
             pible
             ,
             and
             such
             like
             ,
             that
             then
             you
             very
             carefully
             get
             them
             gathered
             from
             the
             ground
             ,
             both
             before
             and
             after
             you
             haue
             plowed
             it
             ,
             and
             to
             lay
             them
             on
             heapes
             in
             other
             vacant
             places
             ,
             where
             they
             may
             serue
             for
             pauings
             ,
             and
             such
             like
             purposes
             when
             time
             requireth
             :
             but
             if
             the
             ground
             be
             ouerrunne
             with
             great
             or
             else
             small
             limestones
             ,
             as
             for
             the
             most
             part
             these
             barren
             grounds
             are
             ;
             then
             shall
             you
             with
             all
             care
             gather
             them
             vp
             and
             lay
             them
             in
             great
             heapes
             in
             some
             corner
             of
             your
             field
             where
             you
             may
             make
             a
             conuenient
             lime-Kilne
             ,
             and
             so
             there
             burne
             these
             stone
             thus
             gathered
             ,
             which
             will
             be
             both
             an
             infinite
             profit
             ,
             and
             an
             infinite
             case
             to
             the
             rest
             of
             your
             labours
             .
             And
             thus
             much
             touching
             the
             Ordering
             ,
             plowing
             and
             sowing
             of
             all
             manner
             of
             rough
             barren
             Clayes
             ,
             whether
             simple
             or
             compound
             ,
             being
             laden
             and
             ouerrunne
             with
             Gorsse
             ,
             Broome
             ,
             and
             such
             like
             .
          
        
         
           
           
             CHAP.
             IIII.
             
          
           
             
               Of
               the
               Ordering
               ,
               Tylling
               ,
               and
               Dressing
               of
               all
               rough
               barren
               Clayes
               ,
               whether
               simple
               or
               compound
               ,
               that
               are
               ouerrunne
               with
               Whinnes
               ,
               and
               such
               like
               .
            
          
           
             NExtvnto
             this
             barren
             Clay
             which
             is
             ouerrunnewith
             Furres
             ,
             Broome
             and
             such
             like
             ,
             I
             will
             place
             that
             barren
             and
             vnfertill
             carth
             ,
             being
             also
             a
             Clay
             ,
             wether
             simple
             or
             compound
             ,
             which
             is
             ouerrunne
             onely
             with
             Whinnes
             ,
             as
             indeede
             bearing
             little
             or
             no
             other
             burthen
             ,
             or
             if
             it
             doe
             beare
             any
             other
             burthen
             ,
             as
             some
             little
             short
             ,
             moffie
             grasse
             ,
             yet
             is
             that
             grasse
             so
             couered
             ouer
             with
             these
             sharpe
             Whinnes
             ,
             that
             not
             any
             beast
             dare
             put
             his
             nose
             to
             the
             ground
             ,
             or
             bire
             vpon
             the
             same
             ;
             and
             indeed
             ,
             this
             kind
             of
             earth
             is
             not
             any
             whit
             at
             all
             lesse
             barren
             then
             those
             of
             which
             I
             haue
             already
             written
             :
             but
             rather
             more
             ,
             in
             that
             the
             malignant
             qualities
             thereof
             are
             not
             so
             soone
             corrected
             ,
             nor
             yet
             the
             vertues
             so
             soone
             restored
             .
          
           
             To
             speake
             then
             first
             what
             these
             Whinnes
             are
             ,
             you
             shall
             
             vnderstand
             that
             they
             be
             a
             certaine
             kinde
             of
             rough
             dry
             weedes
             which
             growe
             bushie
             and
             thick
             together
             ,
             very
             short
             and
             close
             vnto
             theground
             ,
             being
             of
             a
             darke
             browne
             collour
             ,
             and
             of
             crooked
             growth
             ,
             thick
             and
             confused
             ,
             and
             full
             of
             knots
             ,
             and
             those
             knots
             armed
             with
             hard
             ,
             long
             ,
             sharpe
             pricks
             ,
             like
             thornes
             or
             bryars
             ,
             they
             haue
             little
             browne
             leaues
             which
             shadow
             the
             pricks
             ,
             and
             doe
             winde
             their
             branch
             so
             one
             into
             another
             ,
             that
             they
             can
             hardly
             be
             seperated
             ,
             yet
             is
             their
             growth
             at
             any
             time
             little
             more
             then
             a
             handfull
             aboue
             the
             earth
             ,
             only
             they
             spread
             exceedingly
             ,
             and
             will
             runne
             and
             couer
             ouer
             a
             whole
             field
             ,
             choaking
             vp
             all
             sorts
             of
             good
             plants
             whatsoeuer
             ,
             and
             
             turning
             the
             best
             grasse
             that
             is
             to
             mosse
             ,
             and
             filthinesse
             ;
             
             wherefore
             if
             at
             any
             time
             you
             be
             Master
             of
             any
             such
             naughtie
             and
             barren
             ground
             ,
             and
             would
             haue
             it
             reduced
             vnto
             goodnesse
             and
             fertillitie
             ,
             you
             shall
             first
             take
             a
             fine
             thinne
             paring-shouell
             made
             of
             the
             best
             yron
             and
             well
             steeled
             and
             hardned
             round
             about
             the
             edges
             ,
             according
             to
             the
             forme
             of
             this
             figure
             following
             :
          
           
           
             And
             with
             this
             paring-shouell
             ,
             you
             shall
             first
             pare
             vp
             all
             
             the
             vpper
             swarth
             of
             the
             ground
             ,
             about
             two
             inches
             or
             an
             inch
             and
             a
             halfe
             thick
             at
             the
             least
             ,
             and
             euery
             paring
             would
             be
             some
             three
             foote
             in
             length
             at
             the
             least
             ,
             and
             so
             broad
             as
             the
             shouell
             will
             conueniently
             giue
             it
             leaue
             ,
             and
             ;
             this
             swarth
             thus
             pared
             vp
             ,
             you
             shall
             first
             turne
             the
             whinny
             or
             grasse
             side
             downeward
             ,
             and
             the
             earth
             side
             vpward
             ,
             and
             so
             let
             it
             lye
             two
             or
             three
             daies
             in
             the
             Sunne
             to
             dry
             (
             for
             this
             worke
             is
             intended
             to
             begin
             in
             the
             month
             of
             May
             )
             and
             when
             that
             side
             is
             well
             dryed
             you
             shall
             turne
             the
             other
             side
             ,
             and
             dry
             it
             also
             ;
             then
             when
             all
             the
             swarth
             is
             dryed
             ,
             you
             shall
             gather
             fixe
             or
             seuen
             pieces
             together
             ,
             and
             turning
             the
             whinny
             or
             grasse
             side
             inward
             and
             the
             earth
             side
             outward
             ,
             you
             shall
             make
             round
             ,
             hollow
             little
             hils
             thereof
             much
             what
             according
             to
             the
             fashion
             of
             this
             figure
             following
             :
          
           
           
             And
             the
             inward
             hollownes
             like
             vnto
             the
             hollownes
             of
             an
             Ouen
             ,
             butmuch
             lesse
             in
             compasse
             ,
             which
             done
             ,
             you
             shall
             fill
             the
             hollownesse
             with
             dry
             chips
             ,
             or
             else
             small
             sticks
             ,
             or
             Furres
             and
             straw
             mixed
             together
             ,
             which
             you
             shall
             put
             in
             at
             the
             vent-hole
             which
             shall
             be
             left
             on
             one
             side
             of
             the
             hill
             ,
             and
             then
             kindling
             it
             with
             fier
             ,
             you
             shall
             burne
             all
             that
             swarth
             in
             such
             sort
             as
             you
             burnt
             the
             roots
             of
             your
             Furres
             and
             Broome
             before
             ;
             for
             this
             is
             also
             called
             a
             burning
             of
             Baite
             ,
             as
             well
             as
             the
             former
             ;
             for
             it
             is
             a
             most
             principall
             nurrisher
             of
             the
             earth
             ,
             and
             a
             very
             sudden
             destroyer
             of
             all
             malignant
             weedes
             whatsoeuer
             .
          
           
             After
             the
             burning
             of
             your
             hils
             ,
             as
             soon
             as
             the
             fier
             
             is
             vtterly
             quenched
             and
             gone
             out
             ,
             and
             no
             heate
             at
             all
             left
             in
             the
             hils
             ,
             you
             shall
             then
             with
             clotting
             beetles
             beate
             them
             all
             downeto
             dust
             ,
             and
             then
             with
             shouels
             you
             shall
             spread
             the
             ashes
             quite
             ouer
             all
             the
             ground
             ,
             as
             was
             before
             declared
             in
             the
             former
             Chapter
             :
             and
             heerein
             is
             to
             be
             noted
             ,
             
             that
             you
             must
             place
             these
             hils
             as
             thick
             and
             close
             together
             as
             by
             any
             meanes
             possibly
             you
             can
             ,
             making
             your
             hils
             so
             much
             the
             lesse
             and
             lower
             ,
             that
             they
             may
             stand
             thicker
             and
             neerer
             together
             ,
             and
             so
             couer
             more
             ground
             ,
             and
             thereby
             the
             heate
             and
             strength
             of
             the
             fier
             to
             disperse
             it selfe
             ouer
             all
             that
             peice
             of
             ground
             ;
             for
             the
             fier
             burning
             vpon
             the
             ground
             ,
             doth
             as
             much
             good
             for
             the
             inriching
             of
             the
             earth
             and
             destroying
             of
             the
             weedes
             ,
             as
             the
             ashes
             doth
             which
             are
             spread
             vpon
             the
             same
             .
          
           
             Now
             after
             your
             Baite
             is
             in
             this
             manner
             burned
             and
             
             spread
             ,
             you
             shall
             then
             (
             as
             was
             before
             shewed
             )
             plow
             vp
             your
             ground
             in
             good
             large
             furrowes
             ,
             then
             hack
             it
             very
             small
             ,
             sand
             it
             ,
             limeit
             ,
             and
             meanure
             it
             ;
             and
             of
             all
             meanures
             ,
             there
             is
             not
             any
             better
             for
             this
             ground
             then
             Oxe
             dung
             and
             ashes
             well
             mixt
             together
             ;
             of
             which
             ashes
             ,
             those
             of
             Beane-straw
             ,
             Pease-straw
             ,
             or
             any
             other
             straw
             ,
             are
             best
             ;
             those
             of
             Wood
             or
             Ferne
             next
             ,
             those
             of
             Charcoale
             next
             ,
             &
             those
             of
             Seacoale
             or
             pitcoale
             are
             the
             worst
             of
             all
             ;
             Swines
             dung
             is
             not
             much
             amisse
             for
             this
             ground
             ;
             for
             though
             it
             be
             a
             great
             breeder
             of
             weedes
             and
             thystles
             in
             good
             or
             fertile
             grounds
             ,
             yet
             in
             this
             cold
             hard
             and
             barren
             earth
             it
             worketh
             no
             such
             effect
             ,
             but
             is
             a
             great
             comforter
             and
             warme
             moistner
             of
             the
             same
             .
          
           
             After
             you
             haue
             thus
             made
             your
             ground
             ;
             as
             soone
             as
             wheate
             seede-time
             cometh
             ,
             which
             is
             the
             latter
             end
             of
             September
             and
             beginning
             of
             October
             ,
             you
             shall
             then
             with
             great
             care
             plow
             ouer
             your
             ground
             againe
             ,
             and
             take
             great
             respect
             that
             you
             turne
             vp
             your
             furrowes
             much
             deeper
             then
             before
             ,
             and
             that
             for
             two
             especiall
             causes
             ;
             the
             first
             ,
             that
             the
             new
             earth
             may
             the
             better
             mixe
             with
             the
             old
             earth
             and
             those
             helpes
             which
             are
             added
             thereunto
             ;
             and
             secondly
             ,
             that
             yow
             may
             be
             surer
             to
             teare
             vp
             the
             rootes
             of
             all
             the
             Whinnes
             from
             the
             very
             
             bottome
             of
             the
             earth
             ,
             not
             suffring
             any
             part
             of
             them
             to
             remaine
             behinde
             ,
             and
             for
             this
             purpose
             it
             shall
             not
             be
             amisse
             to
             haue
             an
             idle
             Boy
             or
             two
             to
             follow
             your
             Plow
             ,
             and
             to
             gather
             away
             all
             the
             rootes
             that
             shall
             be
             torne
             vp
             or
             any
             way
             else
             left
             bare
             aboue
             ground
             ,
             which
             rootes
             shall
             be
             layd
             on
             heapes
             in
             conuenient
             places
             ,
             and
             then
             after
             burnt
             ,
             and
             the
             ashes
             thereofspread
             vpon
             the
             ground
             ,
             which
             will
             be
             a
             very
             great
             comfort
             vnto
             the
             seede
             ,
             being
             a
             speedy
             helpe
             vnto
             the
             sprouting
             thereof
             ,
             and
             a
             very
             warme
             comforter
             of
             the
             roote
             after
             the
             stemme
             is
             spindled
             aboue
             ground
             ,
             for
             in
             these
             cold
             barren
             earthes
             ,
             nothing
             doth
             so
             much
             spoile
             and
             flay
             the
             Corne
             ,
             as
             the
             dead
             coldnesse
             which
             lyeth
             at
             the
             roote
             thereof
             ;
             for
             in
             many
             of
             these
             vnfertill
             places
             ,
             you
             shall
             see
             Corne
             at
             the
             first
             sowing
             (
             whilest
             there
             is
             a
             little
             strength
             in
             the
             ground
             )
             sprout
             in
             great
             abundance
             ,
             promising
             much
             hope
             of
             the
             profit
             ;
             but
             when
             it
             should
             spindle
             and
             come
             to
             much
             better
             perfection
             ,
             that
             poore
             strength
             being
             spent
             and
             consumed
             ,
             and
             the
             cold
             and
             drinesse
             of
             the
             soile
             ,
             hauing
             as
             it
             were
             ourcome
             all
             matter
             of
             comfort
             then
             presently
             you
             shall
             sec
             the
             blade
             of
             the
             Corne
             turne
             yellow
             ,
             the
             stemme
             or
             stalke
             to
             wither
             ,
             and
             either
             put
             forth
             no
             eare
             at
             all
             ,
             or
             else
             a
             very
             poore
             little
             empty
             one
             ,
             being
             laden
             with
             nothing
             but
             a
             most
             dry
             chaffie
             huske
             without
             substance
             :
             But
             to
             come
             againe
             to
             our
             purpose
             ,
             after
             you
             haue
             thus
             plowed
             vp
             your
             ground
             the
             second
             time
             ,
             you
             shall
             then
             hack
             it
             againe
             ,
             and
             harrow
             it
             ,
             as
             was
             declared
             in
             the
             other
             former
             Chapters
             ;
             then
             you
             shall
             take
             your
             seede-wheate
             which
             hath
             beene
             steept
             either
             in
             brine
             or
             Sea
             water
             ,
             and
             to
             enery
             bushell
             of
             that
             seede
             ,
             you
             shall
             adde
             a
             bushell
             of
             Bay
             salt
             and
             mixe
             them
             very
             well
             together
             in
             your
             Hopper
             or
             Sydlop
             ,
             and
             so
             sowe
             them
             together
             
             vpon
             the
             ground
             ,
             obseruing
             to
             double
             your
             casts
             so
             ost
             ,
             that
             you
             may
             not
             faile
             to
             cast
             that
             true
             quantitie
             of
             seede
             into
             the
             earth
             which
             otherwise
             you
             would
             haue
             done
             if
             so
             be
             there
             had
             beene
             no
             mixture
             at
             all
             ,
             for
             to
             doe
             otherwise
             were
             to
             deceiue
             the
             ground
             ,
             and
             a
             handfull
             of
             seede
             so
             saued
             ,
             would
             be
             the
             losse
             of
             a
             peck
             in
             the
             time
             of
             Haruest
             ;
             therefore
             haue
             great
             respect
             that
             your
             ground
             haue
             his
             due
             ,
             for
             it
             is
             no
             more
             cost
             though
             it
             be
             a
             little
             labour
             .
          
           
             When
             your
             seede
             is
             sowen
             ,
             you
             shall
             harrow
             it
             againe
             
             the
             second
             time
             ,
             clot
             it
             ,
             smooth
             it
             ,
             and
             sleight
             it
             ,
             as
             was
             before
             declared
             in
             the
             former
             Chapters
             .
          
           
             As
             touching
             the
             weeding
             of
             this
             ground
             ,
             it
             is
             the
             leaft
             
             labour
             of
             all
             other
             ,
             for
             the
             earth
             being
             so
             corrected
             as
             is
             before
             shewed
             ,
             it
             will
             naturally
             of
             it selfe
             put
             forth
             no
             weedes
             ,
             especially
             if
             you
             remember
             to
             plow
             it
             deepe
             ,
             and
             be
             sure
             to
             teare
             vp
             and
             gather
             away
             all
             the
             quick
             rootes
             ,
             otherwise
             if
             that
             labour
             be
             any
             thing
             neglected
             ,
             then
             will
             it
             put
             forth
             both
             Whinnes
             and
             great
             store
             of
             other
             rough
             weedes
             ,
             which
             as
             soone
             as
             you
             shall
             perceiue
             to
             appeare
             ,
             you
             shall
             presently
             with
             your
             woodden
             Nyppers
             pull
             them
             vp
             by
             the
             rootes
             ,
             as
             was
             at
             large
             declared
             in
             the
             fore-going
             Chapter
             .
          
           
             Now
             for
             the
             generall
             profit
             of
             this
             ground
             thus
             
             made
             and
             prepared
             ,
             it
             is
             the
             same
             that
             the
             two
             former
             are
             ,
             that
             is
             to
             say
             ,
             it
             will
             beare
             you
             good
             and
             sufficient
             Wheate
             ,
             in
             plentifull
             abundance
             for
             the
             space
             of
             two
             or
             three
             years
             ,
             then
             Barley
             a
             yeare
             after
             ;
             then
             Oates
             three
             yeares
             together
             after
             the
             Barley
             ;
             and
             Pease
             or
             Beanes
             a
             yeare
             after
             the
             Oates
             ;
             then
             lastly
             ,
             very
             good
             Meadow
             or
             Pasture
             ,
             for
             the
             space
             of
             three
             or
             foure
             yeares
             after
             ,
             and
             then
             you
             shall
             begin
             and
             dresse
             it
             againe
             ,
             as
             was
             formerly
             declared
             ,
             and
             thus
             much
             touching
             the
             
             ordering
             ,
             plowing
             ,
             and
             sowing
             of
             all
             rough
             barren
             Clayes
             ,
             whether
             simple
             or
             compound
             ,
             being
             laden
             and
             ouer-rune
             with
             Whinnes
             ,
             and
             such
             like
             .
          
        
         
           
             CHAP.
             V.
             
          
           
             
               Of
               the
               Ordering
               ,
               Tylling
               ,
               and
               Dressing
               of
               all
               barren
               Clayes
               ,
               whether
               simple
               or
               else
               compound
               ,
               which
               are
               ouer-runne
               with
               Lynge
               ,
               or
               Heath
               .
            
          
           
             There
             followeth
             now
             successiuely
             ,
             another
             sort
             of
             barren
             Earth
             ,
             which
             indeede
             is
             much
             more
             sterryll
             and
             barren
             then
             any
             of
             the
             other
             formerly
             written
             vpon
             ,
             because
             they
             ,
             out
             of
             their
             owne
             natures
             ,
             doe
             beare
             a
             certaine
             kinde
             of
             grasse
             or
             foode
             which
             will
             relieue
             ordinary
             ,
             hard
             ,
             store-Cattel
             ,
             whether
             it
             be
             sheepe
             ,
             goats
             ,
             or
             yong
             beasts
             .
             But
             this
             earth
             of
             which
             I
             am
             now
             to
             intreate
             ,
             beareth
             no
             grasse
             at
             all
             ,
             but
             only
             a
             vilde
             ,
             filthie
             ,
             black-browne
             weede
             ,
             which
             we
             call
             Lynge
             or
             Heath
             ,
             the
             tender
             tops
             whereof
             Cattell
             and
             wilde
             Deere
             will
             sometimes
             crop
             ,
             yet
             it
             is
             to
             them
             but
             little
             reliefe
             ,
             and
             only
             maintaineth
             life
             and
             no
             more
             .
             Now
             al-be
             some
             may
             obiect
             vnto
             me
             ,
             that
             this
             kinde
             of
             soyle
             is
             euer
             a
             sandy
             soile
             and
             no
             Clay
             ,
             as
             may
             be
             seene
             in
             most
             Chasses
             ,
             Forrests
             ,
             and
             Downes
             :
             yet
             I
             answere
             ,
             that
             al-be
             it
             hold
             so
             in
             generall
             ;
             yet
             there
             are
             diuers
             Clayes
             ,
             especially
             in
             mountainous
             Countries
             ,
             that
             are
             pestered
             with
             these
             kinde
             of
             weedes
             ,
             as
             may
             be
             seene
             in
             the
             North
             and
             North-West
             parts
             of
             Deuonshire
             ,
             in
             some
             parts
             of
             Cornewall
             ,
             and
             in
             many
             parts
             both
             of
             North
             and
             South
             Wales
             ;
             and
             these
             Clay
             grounds
             which
             are
             thus
             offended
             with
             these
             weedes
             of
             Lyng
             or
             Heath
             ,
             are
             much
             more
             barren
             and
             vnfruitfull
             then
             the
             sands
             ,
             because
             of
             
             their
             much
             more
             coldnesse
             ;
             yet
             those
             Clayes
             which
             are
             mixed
             with
             either
             blacke
             sand
             ,
             dun
             sande
             ,
             or
             yellow
             sand
             ,
             and
             ouerrunne
             thus
             with
             Heath
             or
             Lynge
             ,
             are
             the
             most
             barren
             of
             all
             :
             to
             make
             any
             further
             discription
             of
             this
             Heath
             or
             Lyng
             ,
             being
             a
             thing
             so
             notoriously
             knowne
             ouer
             all
             this
             Kingdome
             ,
             I
             hold
             it
             meerely
             needlesse
             ,
             only
             to
             say
             it
             is
             a
             rough
             browne
             weedo
             ,
             shooting
             out
             abundance
             of
             stalkes
             from
             one
             roote
             ,
             with
             little
             darke
             leaues
             ,
             and
             flowers
             on
             the
             toppe
             ,
             of
             a
             pale
             reddish
             colour
             ,
             much
             inclyning
             vnto
             Peach
             colour
             at
             the
             first
             ,
             but
             being
             full
             blowne
             ,
             they
             are
             then
             a
             little
             more
             whitish
             .
          
           
             You
             therefore
             that
             haue
             any
             such
             ground
             ,
             and
             desier
             
             to
             bring
             it
             to
             fruitfulnesse
             and
             the
             bearing
             of
             good
             Corne
             and
             grasse
             in
             a
             reasonable
             abundance
             ;
             you
             shall
             first
             with
             sythes
             or
             sharpe
             hookes
             (
             but
             old
             sythes
             are
             the
             better
             )
             cut
             downe
             all
             the
             Heath
             ,
             or
             Lynge
             which
             groweth
             vpon
             the
             earth
             ,
             you
             intend
             to
             conuert
             to
             goodnesse
             so
             neere
             the
             ground
             as
             possibly
             you
             can
             ;
             then
             when
             it
             is
             cut
             downe
             (
             which
             would
             euer
             be
             at
             the
             beginning
             of
             the
             Month
             of
             May
             )
             you
             shall
             let
             it
             lye
             vpon
             the
             ground
             ,
             daily
             tossing
             and
             turning
             it
             till
             it
             become
             very
             dry
             ,
             then
             spreading
             it
             all
             ouer
             the
             ground
             ,
             and
             mixing
             or
             couering
             it
             with
             dry
             straw
             of
             any
             kinde
             whatsoeuer
             you
             shall
             presently
             set
             it
             on
             fier
             in
             so
             many
             seuerall
             corners
             of
             the
             field
             ,
             that
             all
             the
             seuerall
             fiers
             in
             the
             end
             may
             meete
             in
             one
             point
             ,
             and
             not
             leaue
             any
             part
             of
             the
             mowen
             Heath
             or
             Lyng
             vnburnt
             ,
             or
             any
             part
             of
             the
             ground
             vnscortched
             ;
             after
             this
             is
             done
             and
             the
             ground
             cooled
             ,
             you
             shall
             with
             your
             flat
             clotting
             beetles
             beate
             the
             ashes
             hard
             into
             the
             ground
             ,
             then
             you
             shall
             take
             a
             strong
             plow
             ,
             with
             a
             broad-winged
             share
             ,
             and
             an
             euen
             colture
             ,
             and
             you
             shall
             plow
             vp
             all
             this
             ground
             thus
             
             burnt
             ,
             in
             very
             large
             and
             deepe
             furrowes
             ,
             by
             no
             meanes
             picking
             out
             any
             of
             the
             quicke
             rootes
             which
             shall
             remaine
             in
             the
             furrowes
             so
             turned
             vp
             ,
             but
             letting
             them
             rest
             in
             the
             earth
             still
             ,
             then
             with
             your
             hacks
             and
             the
             help
             of
             your
             yron
             paring-shouell
             ,
             you
             shall
             cut
             vp
             the
             furrowes
             ,
             formerly
             turned
             vp
             ,
             into
             short
             pieces
             of
             three
             foote
             or
             three
             foote
             and
             a
             halfe
             long
             ,
             and
             some
             lesse
             ,
             as
             occasion
             shall
             serue
             ;
             then
             with
             these
             pieces
             ,
             you
             shall
             build
             little
             hollow
             hils
             ,
             such
             as
             in
             the
             former
             Chapter
             you
             made
             of
             the
             vpper
             swarth
             of
             the
             ground
             only
             ;
             and
             then
             filling
             the
             hollownesse
             with
             dry
             heath
             and
             dry
             straw
             mixt
             together
             ,
             you
             shall
             set
             euery
             hill
             on
             fier
             ,
             
             and
             so
             burne
             the
             very
             substance
             of
             the
             earth
             into
             ashes
             ,
             which
             will
             soone
             be
             done
             by
             reason
             of
             the
             infinite
             number
             of
             rootes
             and
             small
             strings
             which
             lie
             mixt
             in
             the
             earth
             ,
             and
             the
             drynesse
             thereof
             occasioned
             by
             the
             former
             burning
             :
             And
             this
             is
             another
             kind
             of
             burning
             of
             Baite
             much
             different
             from
             all
             the
             former
             ,
             and
             yet
             to
             as
             great
             end
             and
             profit
             as
             any
             whatsoeuer
             ,
             and
             these
             hils
             must
             as
             the
             former
             be
             placed
             one
             as
             neere
             another
             as
             is
             possible
             ,
             so
             as
             they
             may
             spread
             and
             couer
             ouer
             the
             greatest
             part
             of
             the
             ground
             ,
             and
             leauiug
             no
             more
             then
             a
             good
             reasonable
             path
             to
             passe
             betweene
             hill
             and
             hill
             .
          
           
             Now
             as
             soone
             as
             you
             haue
             thus
             burned
             all
             your
             Baite
             ,
             and
             that
             your
             hils
             are
             cold
             ,
             you
             shall
             then
             as
             was
             before
             shewed
             in
             the
             former
             Chapters
             with
             Betels
             and
             Shouels
             breake
             downe
             the
             hils
             and
             spread
             the
             earth
             and
             ashes
             ouer
             all
             the
             ground
             ;
             which
             done
             ,
             you
             shall
             sand
             it
             (
             if
             the
             situation
             of
             the
             ground
             be
             answerable
             thereunto
             )
             and
             lime
             it
             in
             such
             sort
             as
             was
             shewed
             in
             the
             second
             Chapter
             ;
             then
             when
             it
             is
             lymed
             ,
             and
             the
             lime
             equally
             spread
             ,
             not
             more
             in
             one
             place
             then
             in
             another
             ,
             
             you
             shall
             then
             meanure
             it
             with
             the
             best
             meanure
             you
             can
             prouide
             ,
             of
             which
             there
             is
             none
             better
             or
             more
             propper
             for
             this
             ground
             then
             mans
             ordure
             ,
             and
             the
             rubbish
             ,
             sweepings
             ,
             parings
             and
             spytlings
             of
             houses
             mixt
             together
             ,
             or
             for
             want
             of
             this
             (
             because
             it
             may
             not
             be
             in
             so
             great
             plenty
             as
             other
             meanures
             )
             you
             may
             take
             either
             old
             Oxe
             dung
             ,
             or
             Horse
             dung
             ,
             or
             for
             want
             of
             them
             ,
             the
             old
             rotten
             and
             mouldy
             staddels
             or
             bottomes
             of
             Corne-stacks
             ,
             or
             reedes
             ;
             especially
             Peasestacks
             ,
             or
             Beane-stacks
             ,
             prouided
             that
             it
             be
             thorowly
             rotten
             ,
             for
             the
             lesse
             rotten
             it
             is
             ,
             the
             worse
             it
             is
             :
             Also
             the
             scowrings
             of
             common
             Sewers
             ,
             and
             especially
             those
             through
             which
             much
             of
             mans
             vrine
             doth
             passe
             ,
             is
             a
             most
             wonderfull
             and
             beneficiail
             meanure
             for
             these
             grounds
             ,
             so
             are
             also
             the
             scow●…ings
             of
             sinkes
             and
             channels
             which
             come
             from
             Kitchins
             and
             Wash-houses
             ,
             where
             great
             store
             of
             Brine
             and
             salt
             broth
             is
             shed
             ,
             and
             other
             greasy
             ,
             fat
             and
             putrified
             substances
             ,
             as
             also
             abundance
             of
             sope
             suddes
             ,
             and
             buck-ashes
             ,
             and
             other
             sope
             and
             lye
             washings
             ,
             then
             which
             there
             is
             no
             better
             meanure
             that
             can
             be
             vsed
             for
             these
             kinde
             of
             grounds
             .
          
           
             After
             your
             ground
             is
             thus
             perfectly
             made
             and
             meanured
             ,
             and
             that
             Wheat-seede
             time
             doth
             draw
             on
             ,
             which
             (
             as
             before
             was
             shewed
             )
             is
             euer
             at
             the
             latter
             end
             of
             September
             ,
             you
             shall
             then
             plow
             vp
             your
             ground
             againe
             in
             that
             manner
             as
             was
             shewed
             for
             the
             former
             earths
             ;
             to
             wit
             ,
             much
             deeper
             then
             before
             :
             for
             you
             are
             to
             vnderstand
             ,
             that
             this
             ground
             being
             drest
             as
             is
             before
             declared
             ,
             there
             will
             remaine
             nothing
             of
             the
             furrowes
             which
             were
             first
             plowed
             vp
             but
             the
             as●…s
             ,
             which
             being
             couered
             with
             sand
             ,
             lime
             ,
             and
             meanure
             ,
             the
             earth
             will
             lye
             plaine
             and
             leuell
             ,
             so
             that
             of
             necessitie
             you
             must
             raise
             vp
             new
             furrowes
             of
             new
             earth
             ,
             which
             being
             done
             ,
             you
             shall
             
             then
             with
             your
             hacks
             ,
             cut
             all
             the
             new
             earth
             into
             very
             small
             pieces
             ;
             mixing
             them
             well
             with
             the
             other
             mould
             made
             of
             sand
             ,
             lyme
             ,
             meanure
             and
             ashes
             ,
             then
             as
             was
             before
             said
             ,
             you
             shall
             harrow
             it
             to
             make
             the
             mixture
             so
             much
             the
             better
             ,
             and
             the
             mould
             so
             much
             the
             finer
             ;
             and
             then
             if
             it
             haue
             beene
             sanded
             ,
             you
             may
             sowe
             your
             Seede-Wheate
             simply
             of
             it selfe
             ,
             without
             any
             doubt
             of
             the
             plentifull
             increase
             thereof
             ;
             but
             if
             it
             haue
             not
             beene
             sanded
             ,
             then
             as
             in
             the
             fore
             going
             Chapter
             ,
             you
             shall
             not
             only
             steepe
             your
             Seede
             in
             Brine
             (
             as
             before
             shewed
             )
             but
             also
             you
             shall
             mixe
             your
             Seede
             with
             Bay-salt
             ,
             and
             so
             sowe
             it
             into
             the
             ground
             ;
             or
             if
             at
             the
             time
             of
             sowing
             (
             after
             it
             is
             plowed
             ,
             hackt
             and
             harrowed
             )
             youbestow
             or
             Pigeons
             dung
             ,
             or
             Pullens
             dung
             ,
             or
             sheepes
             dung
             vpon
             the
             Land
             ,
             it
             will
             be
             much
             better
             ,
             and
             the
             Corne
             will
             giue
             a
             much
             greater
             increase
             .
             Now
             as
             soone
             as
             your
             Land
             is
             sowen
             ,
             you
             shall
             then
             forthwith
             harrow
             it
             againe
             and
             couer
             the
             Seede
             very
             close
             ,
             then
             you
             shall
             clot
             it
             ,
             smooth
             it
             ,
             and
             sleight
             it
             (
             as
             was
             before
             shewed
             .
             )
          
           
             As
             touching
             the
             weeding
             and
             cleansing
             of
             this
             earth
             
             after
             the
             Corne
             is
             sprung
             vp
             ,
             you
             shall
             vnderstand
             that
             there
             is
             great
             care
             to
             be
             had
             thereunto
             ,
             for
             this
             ground
             is
             much
             subiect
             vnto
             weedes
             ,
             and
             those
             of
             the
             worst
             kinde
             :
             fot
             although
             for
             the
             most
             part
             it
             will
             be
             free
             from
             all
             manner
             of
             soft
             and
             tender
             weedes
             ,
             as
             thy
             stels
             ,
             cockell
             ,
             darnell
             ,
             ketlocks
             ,
             docks
             ,
             rape
             ,
             and
             such
             like
             herball
             stuffe
             ;
             yet
             is
             it
             much
             subiect
             to
             twitch
             Bryars
             ,
             which
             grow
             at
             both
             ends
             ,
             lyng
             ,
             wilde
             time
             ,
             `and
             such
             like
             ,
             any
             of
             which
             as
             soone
             as
             you
             shall
             see
             appeare
             or
             peepe
             aboue
             the
             earth
             ,
             you
             shall
             presently
             with
             your
             Nippers
             pull
             them
             vp
             by
             the
             rootes
             ,
             and
             not
             suffer
             them
             in
             any
             wise
             to
             looke
             a
             handfull
             aboue
             the
             ground
             ,
             for
             if
             
             you
             doe
             ,
             their
             hardnesse
             is
             so
             great
             ,
             and
             their
             rootes
             so
             large
             and
             fast
             fixt
             in
             the
             mould
             ,
             that
             you
             can
             by
             no
             meanes
             pull
             them
             away
             without
             great
             losse
             and
             hurt
             to
             the
             graine
             ,
             pulling
             vp
             with
             them
             all
             such
             rootes
             of
             Corne
             ,
             as
             shall
             be
             fixed
             neere
             about
             them
             ,
             for
             any
             other
             weake
             and
             superfluous
             things
             which
             shall
             grow
             from
             the
             Land
             ,
             you
             may
             with
             ordinary
             weeding
             hooks
             cut
             them
             away
             ;
             as
             for
             long
             grasse
             ,
             whether
             it
             be
             soft
             or
             segy
             ,
             or
             any
             other
             such
             like
             stuffe
             ,
             you
             shall
             not
             stirre
             it
             but
             let
             it
             grow
             ,
             for
             it
             keepeth
             warme
             the
             roots
             of
             your
             Corne
             ,
             and
             giueth
             nourishment
             and
             increase
             thereunto
             :
             Now
             for
             the
             profit
             of
             this
             soyle
             thus
             ordered
             and
             husbanded
             it
             is
             equall
             with
             any
             of
             the
             former
             ,
             and
             will
             beare
             Wheate
             very
             plentifully
             for
             the
             space
             of
             the
             three
             first
             yeares
             ,
             good
             Barley
             ;
             the
             fourth
             yeare
             with
             the
             helpe
             of
             the
             sheepe
             folde
             (
             as
             was
             before
             said
             ;
             )
             and
             good
             Oates
             the
             sift
             ,
             sixt
             ,
             and
             seuenth
             yeares
             ;
             and
             very
             good
             small
             Pease
             the
             eight
             yeare
             (
             for
             Beanes
             this
             Soyle
             will
             very
             hardly
             beare
             at
             all
             )
             and
             the
             ninth
             ,
             tenth
             ,
             and
             eleuenth
             yeare
             it
             will
             beare
             very
             good
             meadow
             (
             though
             not
             altogether
             very
             fine
             pure
             grasse
             ,
             yet
             very
             good
             feeding
             and
             wholesome
             grasse
             )
             or
             so
             good
             pasture
             as
             a
             man
             can
             reasonably
             require
             for
             any
             holding
             Cattell
             whatsoeuer
             ;
             nay
             ;
             it
             will
             also
             indifferently
             well
             feede
             ,
             and
             fat
             Cattell
             ,
             though
             peraduenture
             it
             requireth
             a
             little
             longer
             time
             then
             other
             finer
             grounds
             will.
             And
             thus
             much
             touching
             the
             well
             Ordering
             ,
             Plowing
             ,
             and
             Sowing
             of
             all
             barren
             Clayes
             ,
             whether
             simple
             or
             compound
             ,
             which
             are
             ouer-runne
             with
             Lyng
             or
             Heath
             .
          
        
         
           
           
             CHAP.
             VI.
             
          
           
             
               Of
               the
               Ordering
               ,
               Tylling
               ,
               and
               Dressing
               of
               all
               plaine
               ,
               simple
               barren
               Sands
               ,
               bearing
               nothing
               but
               a
               short
               mossie
               grasse
               .
            
          
           
             HAuing
             thus
             (
             in
             as
             large
             manner
             as
             I
             hope
             shall
             be
             needfull
             for
             any
             iudiciall
             or
             indifferent
             Reader
             )
             written
             of
             the
             Natures
             ,
             Orderings
             ,
             Plowings
             and
             Dressings
             of
             all
             manner
             of
             barren
             and
             vnfruitfull
             Clayes
             ,
             whether
             they
             be
             simple
             of
             them selues
             ,
             or
             else
             compounded
             with
             other
             earthes
             ,
             as
             sands
             ,
             chalkes
             ,
             grauels
             ,
             and
             such
             like
             ;
             shewing
             by
             those
             naturall
             burthens
             which
             continually
             of
             their
             own
             accords
             ,
             they
             produce
             &
             bring
             forth
             (
             which
             indeed
             is
             the
             easiest
             and
             safest
             way
             of
             knowledge
             )
             how
             to
             amend
             and
             better
             them
             and
             bring
             them
             to
             that
             perfection
             of
             fruitfulnesse
             ,
             that
             the
             best
             earth
             shall
             but
             in
             a
             very
             small
             degree
             exceede
             them
             ,
             nay
             hardly
             any
             thing
             at
             all
             ,
             except
             in
             the
             sauing
             of
             a
             little
             charge
             and
             some
             labour
             ,
             without
             which
             nothing
             is
             to
             be
             obtained
             by
             the
             Husbandman
             ;
             neither
             ought
             we
             indeed
             to
             expect
             any
             thing
             without
             our
             industry
             ,
             since
             the
             Highest
             hath
             said
             him selfe
             ,
             that
             we
             shall
             eate
             the
             sweat
             of
             our
             Labours
             ;
             neither
             is
             this
             charge
             or
             labour
             thus
             bestowed
             on
             these
             barren
             grounds
             to
             be
             grutcht
             at
             by
             any
             honest
             minde
             ,
             since
             the
             worst
             crop
             of
             tenne
             or
             eleuen
             ,
             will
             make
             good
             his
             charge
             and
             toile
             with
             a
             reasonable
             interest
             ;
             so
             that
             I
             make
             account
             ,
             nine
             or
             tenne
             yeares
             profits
             come
             into
             his
             Barnes
             without
             purchase
             ,
             for
             it
             is
             to
             be
             intended
             that
             all
             these
             earths
             formerly
             spoke
             of
             ,
             are
             not
             to
             be
             drest
             or
             to
             put
             the
             Husbandman
             to
             any
             charge
             more
             then
             the
             first
             yeare
             
             of
             tenne
             or
             eleuen
             ,
             for
             the
             second
             yeare
             he
             shall
             assoone
             as
             he
             hath
             gathered
             his
             Wheate
             off
             ,
             which
             will
             be
             in
             August
             ,
             and
             finisht
             other
             parts
             of
             his
             haruest
             ,
             he
             shall
             presently
             put
             his
             Plow
             into
             the
             same
             Wheate-ground
             againe
             and
             Plow
             it
             vp
             ,
             hack
             it
             ,
             harrow
             it
             ,
             sowe
             it
             ,
             herrow
             it
             againe
             ,
             clot
             it
             ,
             and
             weede
             it
             ,
             as
             in
             the
             former
             yeare
             ,
             and
             so
             consequently
             of
             all
             the
             yeares
             following
             ,
             whereby
             you
             perceiue
             that
             all
             labours
             and
             charges
             are
             saued
             more
             then
             once
             plowing
             and
             sowing
             .
          
           
             This
             then
             considered
             ,
             it
             necessarily
             now
             followeth
             ,
             that
             I
             speake
             of
             the
             bettering
             and
             bringing
             into
             perfection
             of
             all
             manner
             of
             barren
             Sand-grounds
             ,
             being
             simple
             of
             themselues
             ,
             without
             any
             mixture
             of
             other
             earths
             ,
             except
             one
             and
             the
             same
             kind
             ,
             as
             sand
             with
             sand
             ,
             though
             peraduenture
             the
             colours
             of
             the
             sands
             may
             alter
             ;
             as
             red
             with
             white
             ,
             yellow
             with
             blacke
             ,
             &c.
             which
             in
             as
             much
             as
             the
             whole
             substance
             is
             sand
             without
             any
             contrary
             mixture
             ,
             therefore
             it
             may
             well
             be
             called
             simple
             and
             not
             compound
             :
             and
             of
             these
             sands
             ,
             I
             purpose
             to
             intreate
             ,
             as
             formerly
             I
             did
             of
             the
             Clayes
             ;
             that
             is
             to
             say
             ,
             by
             their
             outward
             faces
             and
             Charracters
             ,
             which
             are
             those
             burthens
             and
             increases
             which
             of
             their
             owne
             propper
             natures
             without
             any
             help
             or
             compulsion
             they
             produce
             and
             bring
             forth
             into
             the
             World.
             And
             first
             of
             that
             naughtie
             cold
             and
             barren
             sand
             ,
             which
             lying
             vpon
             high
             ,
             stony
             &
             mountainous
             Rocky
             places
             ,
             or
             else
             vpon
             lower
             cold
             bleak
             Plaines
             ,
             subiect
             to
             the
             North
             and
             North-East
             windes
             and
             tempests
             ,
             or
             bordering
             vpon
             the
             Seas
             ,
             doth
             not
             bring
             forth
             any
             thing
             but
             a
             short
             mossie
             grasse
             which
             the
             Sunne
             makes
             bitter
             ,
             and
             the
             cold
             dewes
             fulsome
             &
             vnsauorie
             in
             taste
             .
             If
             any
             man
             then
             be
             Master
             of
             such
             vnprofitable
             and
             vnfruitfull
             earth
             ,
             and
             desire
             to
             haue
             it
             brought
             to
             goodnesse
             and
             perfection
             ,
             he
             shall
             
             First
             ,
             at
             the
             beginning
             of
             the
             Spring
             ,
             as
             about
             midd
             
             Aprill
             or
             earlyer
             ,
             with
             a
             strong
             Plow
             answerable
             to
             the
             soyle
             ,
             yet
             somewhat
             lesse
             both
             in
             timbers
             and
             yrons
             then
             that
             wherewith
             you
             plow
             your
             Clay
             grounds
             :
             you
             shall
             Plow
             so
             much
             of
             that
             earth
             vp
             as
             you
             may
             conueniently
             compasse
             to
             sowe
             and
             dresse
             exactly
             and
             perfectly
             ;
             for
             to
             vndertake
             more
             ,
             were
             to
             make
             all
             vnprofitable
             ,
             and
             to
             cast
             away
             much
             labour
             and
             charge
             without
             any
             profit
             ,
             this
             ground
             you
             shall
             plow
             of
             an
             indifferent
             depth
             ,
             though
             not
             so
             deepe
             as
             the
             Clayes
             ,
             and
             you
             shall
             lay
             the
             furrowes
             though
             flat
             ,
             yet
             close
             one
             one
             to
             another
             ,
             without
             leauing
             any
             balke
             betweene
             ,
             but
             plowing
             all
             very
             cleane
             ;
             yet
             not
             so
             very
             cleane
             and
             close
             together
             ,
             that
             you
             may
             lay
             the
             greene
             swarth
             to
             the
             new
             plowed
             or
             quick
             earth
             ;
             but
             rather
             turne
             one
             swarth
             against
             another
             ,
             so
             as
             the
             furrowes
             may
             lye
             ,
             and
             no
             more
             but
             touch
             the
             edges
             one
             of
             another
             :
             This
             when
             you
             haue
             done
             ,
             you
             shall
             then
             with
             your
             hacks
             cut
             and
             breake
             all
             the
             earth
             so
             turned
             vp
             into
             very
             small
             peices
             ,
             and
             not
             only
             the
             earth
             so
             turned
             vp
             :
             but
             also
             all
             other
             greene
             swarth
             which
             was
             left
             vnplowed
             ;
             prouided
             ,
             that
             before
             this
             labour
             of
             hacking
             ,
             you
             let
             the
             ground
             lye
             certaine
             daies
             in
             the
             furrowes
             ,
             that
             one
             swarth
             heating
             and
             scalding
             the
             other
             ,
             they
             may
             both
             equally
             rot
             and
             grow
             mellow
             together
             ,
             which
             once
             perceiued
             by
             the
             blacknesse
             thereof
             ,
             you
             may
             then
             at
             your
             pleasure
             hack
             it
             and
             cut
             it
             as
             is
             before
             declared
             .
          
           
             Now
             some
             may
             in
             this
             place
             obiect
             vnto
             me
             ,
             that
             this
             
             labour
             of
             hacking
             should
             be
             needlesse
             ,
             in
             as
             much
             as
             all
             sand
             grounds
             whatsoeuer
             are
             out
             of
             their
             owne
             natures
             so
             light
             ,
             loose
             ,
             and
             willing
             to
             disseuer
             ,
             that
             this
             toile
             might
             very
             well
             and
             to
             good
             purpose
             be
             saued
             .
          
           
           
             To
             this
             I
             answere
             ,
             that
             true
             it
             is
             ,
             most
             sands
             in
             their
             
             owne
             natures
             are
             loose
             ,
             and
             light
             ,
             and
             willing
             to
             disseuer
             into
             fine
             mold
             without
             any
             extremity
             ,
             especially
             rich
             and
             fruitfull
             sands
             whose
             predominant
             qualitie
             of
             warmth
             giueth
             nourishment
             and
             increase
             ;
             but
             these
             barren
             and
             cold
             sands
             ,
             in
             which
             is
             a
             certaine
             flegmatique
             toughnesse
             and
             most
             vnwholesome
             drynesse
             ,
             are
             of
             a
             cleane
             contrary
             nature
             ,
             and
             through
             the
             stony
             hardnesse
             thereof
             ,
             they
             are
             as
             vnapt
             to
             break
             and
             disseuer
             as
             any
             Clay
             whatsoeuer
             :
             besides
             ,
             the
             swarth
             being
             of
             a
             tough
             mossie
             substance
             (
             which
             euer
             carryeth
             a
             hard
             strong
             roote
             answerable
             with
             the
             cold
             in
             which
             it
             is
             ingendred
             )
             doth
             so
             constantly
             binde
             ,
             fetter
             ,
             and
             hold
             the
             mold
             together
             ,
             that
             it
             is
             inpossible
             for
             any
             harrow
             to
             breake
             it
             in
             pieces
             ,
             or
             to
             gather
             from
             it
             so
             much
             mould
             as
             may
             serue
             to
             couer
             the
             Corne
             and
             giue
             it
             roote
             when
             it
             is
             sowen
             into
             the
             same
             ;
             and
             therefore
             then
             this
             worke
             of
             hacking
             ,
             there
             can
             be
             none
             more
             necessary
             ,
             or
             to
             the
             Husband-man
             can
             bring
             more
             ease
             or
             profit
             .
          
           
             When
             therefore
             you
             haue
             thus
             hackt
             your
             Land
             ,
             
             and
             distributed
             the
             mold
             into
             many
             small
             pieces
             ,
             you
             shall
             then
             with
             all
             expedition
             marle
             it
             ;
             which
             forasmuch
             as
             it
             is
             no
             generall
             or
             common
             practise
             in
             euery
             part
             of
             this
             Kingdome
             ,
             I
             will
             first
             tell
             you
             what
             Marle
             is
             ,
             and
             then
             how
             to
             finde
             it
             ,
             digge
             it
             ,
             and
             vse
             it
             for
             your
             best
             behoofe
             .
          
           
             Marle
             you
             shall
             then
             vnderstand
             ,
             is
             a
             certaine
             rich
             ,
             stiffe
             
             &
             tough
             Clay
             of
             a
             blewish
             colour
             ,
             and
             full
             of
             many
             red
             veines
             like
             Porphery
             or
             Marble
             ,
             it
             is
             of
             a
             tough
             &
             glewie
             substance
             ,
             apt
             to
             worke
             and
             hold
             together
             like
             waxe
             ,
             and
             chiefly
             when
             it
             is
             any
             thing
             moist
             ,
             but
             being
             dryed
             ,
             it
             mouldereth
             and
             breaketh
             as
             small
             as
             cynders
             ;
             and
             by
             
             these
             three
             Carracters
             ,
             colour
             ,
             toughnesse
             ,
             and
             loosenesse
             ,
             being
             dryed
             ,
             you
             shall
             neuer
             faile
             certainely
             to
             know
             it
             .
             Some
             are
             of
             opinion
             ,
             that
             this
             Marle
             was
             first
             found
             out
             in
             Germanie
             ,
             and
             there
             put
             in
             practise
             ,
             and
             found
             of
             most
             notable
             vse
             ,
             calling
             it
             by
             the
             name
             of
             Pytch
             ,
             or
             a
             certaine
             Clay
             like
             pitch
             :
             others
             that
             we
             found
             it
             out
             first
             heere
             in
             England
             ,
             as
             indeed
             is
             most
             probable
             ,
             because
             we
             haue
             the
             greatest
             store
             ,
             and
             make
             the
             greatest
             vse
             thereof
             :
             others
             ,
             that
             the
             first
             knowledge
             came
             out
             of
             France
             ,
             but
             that
             is
             least
             credible
             ,
             for
             neither
             is
             it
             there
             in
             much
             vse
             ,
             nor
             much
             mentioned
             in
             any
             of
             the
             French
             Authors
             ,
             especially
             the
             antientest
             or
             any
             that
             writ
             out
             of
             present
             memory
             ;
             howsoeuer
             ,
             most
             certaine
             it
             is
             ,
             that
             not
             any
             meanure
             that
             is
             in
             vse
             with
             the
             Husband-man
             is
             of
             more
             vertue
             or
             perfection
             ,
             especially
             for
             these
             loose
             ,
             sandy
             ,
             barrē
             earths
             ,
             neither
             of
             so
             much
             goodnesse
             and
             continuance
             ;
             for
             it
             is
             hard
             for
             any
             one
             single
             and
             simple
             meanure
             to
             continue
             aboue
             three
             or
             foure
             years
             ;
             yet
             this
             Marle
             is
             knowne
             to
             haue
             continued
             the
             ground
             good
             for
             the
             space
             of
             a
             dozen
             yeares
             at
             the
             least
             .
          
           
             This
             Marle
             is
             commonly
             found
             in
             the
             lowest
             parts
             of
             high
             Countries
             ,
             neere
             Lakes
             and
             small
             Brookes
             ,
             and
             in
             the
             high
             parts
             of
             lowe
             Countries
             ,
             vpon
             the
             knols
             of
             small
             hils
             ,
             or
             within
             the
             Cly●…ts
             of
             high
             Mountainous
             banks
             ,
             which
             bound
             greater
             Riuers
             in●…to
             conclude
             ,
             you
             shal
             seldom
             finde
             any
             of
             these
             barren
             sands
             ,
             but
             they
             are
             either
             verdged
             about
             with
             Marle
             grounds
             ,
             or
             if
             you
             will
             bestowe
             the
             labour
             to
             digge
             beyond
             the
             depth
             of
             the
             sand
             ,
             you
             shall
             not
             faile
             to
             find
             or
             Marle
             or
             quarrie
             of
             stone
             ,
             or
             both
             ;
             for
             in
             some
             places
             Marle
             lyeth
             very
             deepe
             ,
             in
             other
             some
             places
             within
             a
             spades
             grast
             of
             the
             vpper
             swarth
             of
             the
             earth
             :
             Therefore
             it
             shall
             be
             
             good
             for
             you
             to
             make
             proofe
             of
             all
             the
             most
             likely
             parts
             of
             your
             ground
             to
             finde
             out
             this
             Marle
             ;
             and
             as
             soone
             as
             you
             haue
             found
             it
             out
             ,
             you
             shall
             with
             Mattocks
             and
             Spades
             digge
             it
             vp
             and
             carry
             it
             to
             your
             land
             ,
             there
             laying
             it
             in
             bigge
             round
             heapes
             ,
             and
             setting
             them
             within
             a
             yard
             or
             two
             one
             of
             another
             ;
             thus
             when
             you
             haue
             filled
             ouer
             all
             your
             ground
             (
             which
             would
             be
             done
             with
             as
             great
             speede
             as
             might
             be
             ,
             for
             the
             ancient
             custome
             of
             this
             Kingdome
             was
             ,
             when
             any
             man
             went
             about
             to
             Marle
             his
             ground
             ,
             all
             his
             Tenants
             ,
             Neighbours
             and
             friends
             would
             come
             and
             helpe
             him
             to
             haften
             on
             the
             Worke
             )
             you
             shall
             then
             spread
             all
             those
             heapes
             ,
             and
             mixing
             the
             Clay
             well
             with
             the
             Sand
             ,
             you
             shall
             lay
             all
             smooth
             and
             leuell
             together
             ;
             and
             heerein
             is
             to
             be
             obserued
             ,
             that
             if
             the
             land
             you
             thus
             marle
             shall
             lye
             against
             the
             side
             of
             any
             great
             Hill
             or
             Mountaine
             ,
             whereby
             there
             will
             be
             much
             desent
             in
             the
             ground
             ,
             then
             you
             shall
             (
             by
             all
             meanes
             lay
             double
             as
             much
             marle
             ,
             sand
             ,
             or
             other
             compasse
             on
             the
             toppe
             of
             the
             Hill
             as
             on
             the
             bottome
             ,
             because
             the
             raine
             and
             showers
             which
             shall
             fall
             will
             euer
             wash
             the
             fatnesse
             of
             the
             earth
             downe
             to
             the
             lowest
             parts
             thereof
             ;
             when
             your
             ground
             is
             thus
             marled
             (
             if
             you
             be
             neere
             to
             the
             Sea-side
             )
             you
             shall
             then
             also
             sand
             it
             with
             salt
             Sea-sand
             ,
             in
             such
             sort
             as
             was
             formerly
             declared
             ,
             only
             you
             may
             forbeare
             to
             lay
             altogether
             so
             much
             vpon
             this
             sand
             ground
             as
             you
             did
             on
             the
             Clay
             ground
             ,
             because
             an
             halfe
             part
             is
             fully
             sufficient
             .
             If
             you
             cannot
             come
             by
             this
             salt-Sand
             ,
             then
             in
             
             stead
             thereof
             ,
             you
             shall
             take
             chalke
             ,
             if
             any
             be
             to
             be
             had
             neere
             you
             ,
             and
             that
             you
             may
             lay
             in
             more
             plentifull
             manner
             then
             the
             sand
             ;
             and
             albe
             it
             is
             said
             ,
             that
             chalke
             is
             
             a
             wearer
             out
             of
             the
             ground
             ,
             and
             maketh
             a
             rich
             father
             yet
             a
             poore
             sonne
             ,
             in
             this
             stile
             it
             doth
             not
             so
             hold
             ,
             for
             as
             it
             fretteth
             and
             wasteth
             away
             the
             goodnesse
             that
             is
             in
             Clay
             grounds
             ,
             so
             it
             comforteth
             &
             much
             strengtheneth
             these
             sand
             earths
             ,
             and
             this
             chalke
             you
             shall
             lay
             in
             the
             same
             manner
             as
             you
             did
             your
             marle
             ,
             and
             in
             the
             same
             manner
             spread
             it
             and
             leuell
             it
             ,
             which
             done
             you
             shall
             then
             lime
             it
             as
             was
             before
             shewed
             in
             the
             Clay
             grounds
             ,
             yet
             not
             so
             abundantly
             ,
             because
             also
             a
             halfe
             part
             will
             be
             sufficient
             ;
             after
             your
             lyming
             ,
             you
             shall
             then
             meanure
             it
             with
             the
             best
             meanure
             that
             you
             haue
             ,
             whether
             it
             be
             dung
             of
             Cattell
             ,
             Horse
             ,
             Sheepe
             ,
             Goates
             ,
             straw
             ,
             or
             other
             rubbish
             ,
             and
             that
             being
             done
             and
             Seede-time
             drawing
             on
             ,
             you
             shall
             then
             plow
             vp
             your
             ground
             againe
             ,
             mixing
             the
             new
             quick
             earth
             and
             the
             former
             soyles
             so
             well
             together
             ,
             that
             there
             may
             be
             little
             distinguishment
             betweene
             them
             ,
             then
             you
             shall
             hack
             it
             againe
             ,
             then
             harrow
             it
             ,
             and
             lastly
             sowe
             it
             with
             good
             sound
             and
             perfit
             seed
             ,
             and
             of
             seedes
             though
             Wheate
             will
             very
             well
             grow
             vpon
             this
             earth
             ;
             yet
             Rye
             is
             the
             more
             naturall
             and
             certaine
             in
             the
             increase
             ,
             yet
             according
             to
             the
             strength
             of
             the
             ground
             ,
             you
             may
             vse
             your
             discretion
             ,
             obseruing
             that
             if
             you
             sowe
             Wheate
             ,
             then
             to
             steepe
             it
             before
             in
             brine
             or
             salt-Sea-water
             ,
             as
             was
             before
             described
             ;
             but
             if
             you
             sowe
             Rye
             ,
             then
             you
             shall
             sowe
             it
             simply
             without
             any
             helpe
             ,
             except
             it
             be
             Pigeons
             dung
             ,
             or
             Bay-salt
             simple
             of
             it selfe
             in
             such
             manner
             as
             hath
             beene
             before
             declared
             ;
             either
             sowing
             the
             salt
             with
             the
             Corne
             or
             before
             the
             Corne
             ,
             as
             shall
             seeme
             best
             in
             your
             owne
             discretion
             .
          
           
             After
             your
             seede
             is
             sowen
             ,
             you
             shall
             then
             harrow
             
             it
             againe
             ,
             clot
             it
             ,
             smooth
             it
             and
             steight
             it
             as
             before
             shewed
             in
             the
             second
             Chapter
             ,
             which
             done
             (
             after
             the
             Corne
             is
             shot
             aboue
             the
             earth
             )
             you
             shall
             then
             looke
             to
             the
             weeding
             of
             it
             being
             somewhat
             a
             little
             too
             much
             subiect
             to
             certaine
             particular
             weedes
             ,
             as
             are
             Hare-bottels
             ,
             wilde
             Chesse-bolles
             ,
             Gypsy
             flowers
             and
             such
             like
             ,
             any
             of
             which
             ,
             when
             you
             see
             them
             spring
             vp
             ,
             you
             shall
             immediatly
             cut
             them
             away
             close
             by
             the
             rootes
             ,
             as
             for
             tearing
             their
             rootes
             out
             of
             the
             ground
             with
             your
             Nyppers
             ,
             it
             is
             not
             much
             materiall
             ,
             for
             the
             cutting
             of
             them
             is
             sufficient
             ,
             and
             they
             will
             hardly
             euer
             againe
             grow
             or
             doe
             you
             hinderance
             ,
             many
             other
             weedes
             there
             may
             grow
             amongst
             these
             which
             are
             also
             to
             be
             cut
             away
             ,
             but
             these
             are
             the
             principall
             and
             of
             most
             note
             ;
             wherefore
             as
             soone
             as
             you
             haue
             clensed
             your
             lands
             of
             these
             and
             the
             reft
             ,
             you
             shall
             then
             referre
             the
             further
             increase
             of
             your
             profit
             vnto
             Gods
             prouidence
             ,
             thankfully
             accepting
             whatsoeuer
             he
             shall
             send
             you
             .
          
           
             Lastly
             ,
             you
             shall
             vnderstand
             that
             this
             ground
             being
             
             thus
             plowed
             ,
             dreft
             ,
             and
             ordered
             ,
             will
             without
             any
             more
             dressing
             ,
             but
             once
             plowing
             and
             sowing
             ,
             euery
             yeare
             beare
             you
             good
             Wheate
             or
             good
             Rye
             three
             yeares
             together
             ;
             then
             good
             Barley
             the
             fourth
             yeare
             ;
             good
             Oates
             the
             fift
             ,
             sixt
             and
             seuenth
             yeare
             ;
             excellent
             good
             Lupins
             the
             eight
             yeare
             ,
             and
             very
             good
             Meadow
             or
             Pasture
             three
             or
             foure
             yeares
             after
             ,
             and
             then
             it
             shall
             be
             necessary
             to
             dresse
             it
             againe
             in
             such
             manner
             as
             was
             before
             described
             .
             And
             thus
             much
             touching
             the
             plowing
             ,
             ordering
             ,
             and
             inriching
             of
             all
             these
             plaine
             barren
             sands
             .
          
        
         
           
           
             CHAP.
             VII
             .
          
           
             
               Of
               the
               plowing
               ,
               Tylling
               ,
               Ordering
               and
               Inriching
               of
               all
               barren
               Sands
               which
               are
               laden
               and
               ouer-runne
               with
               Braken
               ,
               Ferne
               ,
               or
               Heath
               .
            
          
           
             NExt
             vnto
             this
             plaine
             ,
             cold
             ,
             barren
             Sand
             ,
             which
             beareth
             no
             other
             burthen
             but
             a
             short
             mossie
             grasse
             ;
             I
             will
             place
             that
             Sand
             which
             is
             laden
             and
             ouer
             runne
             with
             Braken
             ,
             Ferne
             ,
             or
             Heath
             ,
             as
             being
             by
             many
             degrees
             more
             barren
             then
             the
             former
             ,
             both
             in
             respect
             that
             it
             is
             more
             loose
             and
             lesse
             substantiall
             ,
             as
             also
             in
             that
             it
             is
             more
             dry
             and
             harsh
             ,
             and
             altogether
             without
             nutriment
             ,
             more
             then
             an
             extroame
             sterryll
             coldnesse
             ,
             as
             appeareth
             by
             the
             burthen
             it
             bringeth
             forth
             ,
             which
             is
             Braken
             or
             Ferne
             ,
             a
             hard
             ,
             rough
             ,
             tough
             weede
             ,
             good
             for
             nothing
             but
             to
             burne
             ,
             or
             else
             to
             lytter
             store-beasts
             with
             for
             the
             breeding
             of
             meanure
             ,
             or
             if
             you
             strow
             it
             in
             the
             High-waies
             where
             many
             Trauellers
             passe
             ,
             it
             will
             also
             thereturne
             to
             good
             reasonable
             compasse
             .
          
           
             Of
             this
             kinde
             of
             ground
             if
             you
             be
             Master
             ,
             and
             
             would
             reduce
             it
             vnto
             fertilitie
             and
             goodnesse
             ,
             you
             shall
             first
             ,
             whether
             the
             Braken
             be
             tall
             and
             high
             (
             as
             I
             haue
             seene
             some
             as
             high
             as
             a
             Man
             on
             Horse-back
             )
             or
             short
             and
             low
             (
             as
             indeed
             most
             commonly
             these
             barren
             earths
             are
             ,
             for
             tall
             Ferne
             or
             Braken
             ●…hewes
             some
             strength
             in
             the
             ground
             )
             you
             shall
             with
             Sythes
             first
             mowe
             it
             downe
             in
             the
             Month
             of
             May
             ,
             then
             wither
             and
             dryeit
             vpon
             the
             ground
             ,
             and
             after
             spread
             it
             
             as
             thinne
             as
             you
             can
             ouer
             all
             the
             earth
             you
             intend
             to
             plow
             ;
             which
             done
             ,
             you
             shall
             bring
             your
             plow
             and
             begin
             to
             plow
             the
             ground
             after
             this
             order
             :
             first
             ,
             you
             shall
             turne
             vp
             your
             furrow
             and
             lay
             it
             flat
             to
             the
             ground
             ,
             greene-swarth
             against
             greene-swarth
             ,
             then
             looke
             how
             broad
             your
             furrow
             is
             so
             turned
             vp
             ,
             or
             the
             ground
             it
             couereth
             ,
             and
             ●…st
             so
             much
             ground
             you
             shall
             leaue
             vnplowed
             betweene
             furrow
             and
             furrow
             ,
             so
             that
             your
             land
             may
             lye
             a
             furrow
             and
             a
             greene
             balke
             ,
             a
             furrow
             and
             a
             greene
             balke
             ,
             till
             you
             haue
             gone
             ouer
             all
             the
             ground
             ,
             then
             shal
             you
             take
             a
             paring-shouell
             of
             yron
             and
             pare
             vp
             the
             green-swarth
             of
             all
             the
             balkes
             between
             the
             furrowes
             ,
             at
             least
             two
             inches
             thick
             ,
             and
             into
             pieces
             of
             two
             or
             three
             foote
             long
             ,
             and
             with
             these
             pieces
             of
             earth
             and
             the
             drye
             Ferne
             which
             is
             pared
             vp
             with
             them
             ,
             you
             shall
             make
             little
             round
             hollow
             Baite
             hils
             as
             in
             the
             third
             and
             fourth
             Chapter
             ;
             and
             these
             hils
             shall
             be
             set
             thick
             and
             close
             ouer
             all
             the
             ground
             ,
             and
             so
             set
             on
             fier
             and
             burnt
             ;
             then
             when
             the
             fier
             is
             extinct
             ,
             and
             the
             hils
             cold
             ,
             you
             shall
             first
             with
             your
             hacks
             cut
             in
             pieces
             all
             the
             furrowes
             that
             were
             formerly
             turned
             vp
             ,
             and
             then
             breake
             downe
             the
             burnt
             hils
             ,
             and
             mixe
             the
             ashes
             and
             earth
             with
             the
             other
             mould
             very
             well
             together
             ;
             which
             done
             ,
             you
             shall
             then
             with
             all
             speede
             marle
             this
             earth
             as
             sufficiently
             
             as
             possible
             may
             be
             ,
             not
             scanting
             it
             or
             sparing
             it
             of
             Marle
             ,
             but
             bestowing
             it
             very
             plentifully
             vpon
             the
             same
             ;
             which
             done
             ,
             you
             shall
             then
             plow
             it
             ouer
             againe
             ,
             and
             plowing
             it
             excedingly
             well
             ,
             not
             leauing
             any
             ground
             whatsoeuer
             vntorne
             vp
             with
             the
             Plow
             ;
             for
             you
             shall
             vnderstand
             that
             the
             reason
             of
             leauing
             the
             former
             balkes
             ,
             was
             that
             at
             this
             second
             
             plowing
             after
             the
             Marle
             was
             spread
             vpon
             the
             ground
             ,
             the
             new
             ,
             quick
             ,
             and
             vnstirred
             fresh
             earth
             might
             as
             well
             be
             stirred
             vp
             to
             mixe
             with
             the
             Marle
             ,
             as
             the
             other
             dead
             earth
             and
             ashes
             formerly
             receaued
             ,
             whereby
             a
             fresh
             comfort
             should
             be
             brought
             to
             the
             ground
             and
             an
             equall
             mixture
             without
             too
             much
             drynesse
             ,
             and
             this
             second
             Ardor
             or
             plowing
             would
             begin
             about
             the
             latter
             ende
             of
             Iune
             .
          
           
             After
             your
             ground
             hath
             beene
             thus
             marled
             ,
             and
             
             the
             second
             time
             plowed
             ,
             you
             shall
             then
             sand
             it
             with
             salt
             Sea-sand
             ,
             lime
             it
             and
             meanure
             it
             as
             was
             declared
             in
             the
             foregoing
             Chapter
             :
             and
             of
             all
             meanures
             for
             this
             soile
             ,
             there
             is
             not
             any
             so
             exceeding
             good
             as
             sheepes
             meanure
             ,
             which
             although
             of
             the
             Husbandman
             it
             be
             esteemed
             a
             meanure
             but
             of
             one
             yeare
             ,
             yet
             by
             experience
             in
             this
             ground
             it
             hapneth
             otherwise
             ,
             and
             is
             as
             durable
             ,
             and
             as
             long
             lasting
             a
             compasse
             as
             any
             that
             can
             be
             vsed
             ,
             and
             besides
             it
             is
             a
             great
             destroyer
             of
             thystles
             ,
             to
             which
             this
             ground
             is
             very
             much
             subiect
             ,
             because
             vpon
             the
             alteration
             of
             the
             ground
             the
             Ferne
             is
             also
             naturally
             apt
             to
             alter
             vnto
             Thystell
             as
             we
             daily
             see
             .
          
           
             When
             your
             ground
             is
             thus
             amply
             drest
             and
             well
             
             ordered
             ,
             and
             that
             Seede-time
             commeth
             on
             ,
             you
             shall
             then
             plow
             it
             againe
             in
             such
             manner
             as
             you
             did
             the
             second
             time
             ,
             that
             is
             to
             say
             ,
             very
             deepe
             ,
             cleane
             ,
             and
             after
             the
             manner
             of
             good
             Husbandry
             ,
             without
             any
             rest
             balkes
             or
             other
             disorders
             :
             then
             shall
             you
             hack
             it
             very
             well
             ,
             then
             harrow
             it
             ,
             and
             then
             sowe
             it
             ;
             but
             by
             mine
             aduice
             ,
             in
             any
             case
             ,
             I
             would
             not
             haue
             you
             to
             bestow
             any
             Wheate
             vpon
             this
             soyle
             (
             except
             it
             be
             two
             or
             three
             bushels
             on
             the
             best
             part
             thereof
             
             for
             experience
             sake
             ,
             or
             prouision
             for
             your
             houshold
             )
             for
             it
             is
             a
             great
             enemy
             vnto
             Wheate
             ,
             and
             more
             then
             the
             marle
             hath
             no
             nourishment
             in
             it
             for
             the
             same
             ,
             because
             all
             that
             commeth
             from
             the
             salt
             sand
             ,
             lime
             and
             meanure
             it
             little
             enough
             to
             take
             away
             the
             naturall
             sterrilitie
             of
             the
             earth
             it selfe
             ,
             and
             giue
             it
             strength
             to
             beare
             Rye
             ,
             which
             it
             will
             doe
             very
             plentifully
             ;
             and
             therefore
             I
             would
             wish
             you
             for
             the
             three
             first
             yeares
             only
             ,
             to
             sowe
             the
             best
             Rye
             you
             can
             get
             into
             this
             ground
             ;
             the
             fourth
             yeare
             to
             sowe
             Barley
             ;
             the
             sift
             ,
             sixt
             and
             seuenth
             Oates
             ;
             and
             of
             Oates
             ,
             the
             bigge
             blacke
             Oate
             is
             the
             best
             for
             this
             ground
             ,
             maketh
             the
             best
             and
             kindlyest
             Oat-malt
             ,
             and
             feedeth
             Horse
             or
             Cattell
             the
             soundest
             ;
             as
             also
             it
             is
             of
             the
             hardest
             constitution
             ,
             and
             endureth
             either
             cold
             or
             drynesse
             much
             better
             then
             either
             the
             white
             Oate
             ,
             the
             cut
             Oate
             ,
             or
             any
             Oate
             whatsoeuer
             ;
             the
             eight
             yeare
             ,
             you
             shall
             only
             sowe
             Lupyns
             or
             Fetches
             ;
             and
             three
             yeares
             after
             ,
             you
             shall
             let
             it
             lye
             for
             grasse
             ,
             and
             then
             dresse
             it
             againe
             as
             before
             said
             ;
             for
             it
             is
             to
             be
             vnderstood
             ,
             that
             in
             all
             the
             following
             yeares
             (
             after
             the
             first
             yeare
             )
             you
             shall
             bestow
             no
             labour
             vpon
             this
             ground
             more
             then
             plowing
             sowing
             ,
             hacking
             and
             harrowing
             at
             Seede-time
             only
             .
          
           
             But
             to
             proccede
             to
             the
             orderly
             labour
             of
             this
             
             ground
             ,
             after
             you
             haue
             sowen
             your
             Rye
             ,
             you
             shall
             then
             harrow
             it
             againe
             ,
             clot
             it
             ,
             smooth
             it
             and
             sleight
             it
             as
             was
             before
             shewed
             in
             the
             second
             Chapter
             of
             this
             Booke
             .
             And
             although
             a
             man
             would
             imagine
             that
             the
             sandy
             loosenesse
             of
             this
             soyle
             would
             not
             neede
             much
             clotting
             or
             sleighting
             of
             the
             Earth
             ,
             yet
             by
             reason
             of
             the
             mixture
             thereof
             with
             the
             Marle
             
             and
             meanure
             ,
             it
             will
             so
             hold
             and
             cleaue
             together
             ,
             that
             it
             will
             aske
             good
             strong
             labour
             to
             loosen
             it
             and
             lay
             it
             so
             hollow
             and
             smooth
             as
             in
             right
             it
             should
             be
             .
          
           
             Touching
             the
             Weedes
             which
             are
             most
             subiect
             to
             
             this
             Soyle
             ,
             they
             are
             Thystles
             and
             yong
             Brakes
             or
             Fernes
             which
             will
             grow
             vp
             within
             the
             Corne
             ,
             which
             before
             they
             rise
             so
             high
             as
             the
             Corne
             ,
             and
             euen
             as
             it
             were
             at
             the
             first
             appearing
             ,
             you
             must
             with
             your
             woodden
             Nyppers
             pull
             vp
             by
             the
             rootes
             ,
             and
             after
             rake
             vp
             and
             lay
             in
             some
             conuenient
             place
             where
             they
             may
             wither
             and
             rot
             and
             so
             turne
             to
             good
             meanure
             .
             And
             thus
             much
             touching
             the
             ordering
             ,
             dressing
             ,
             plowing
             ,
             and
             inriching
             of
             all
             barren
             Sands
             which
             are
             ouer-runne
             with
             Braken
             ,
             Ferne
             ,
             or
             Heath
             .
          
        
         
           
           
             CHAP.
             VIII
             .
          
           
             
               Of
               the
               Plowing
               ,
               Tilling
               ,
               ordering
               and
               inriching
               of
               all
               barraine
               Sands
               ,
               which
               are
               laden
               and
               ouer-runne
               with
               Twitch
               ,
               or
               wilde
               Bryar
               .
            
          
           
             HAuing
             written
             fufficiently
             of
             this
             hard
             &
             barraine
             ,
             waste
             ,
             wilde
             ,
             sandy
             ground
             ,
             which
             is
             ouer-run
             with
             Braken
             ,
             Ferne
             ,
             Heath
             ,
             &
             such
             like
             :
             I
             wil
             now
             proceed
             ,
             and
             vnto
             it
             ioyne
             another
             sand
             which
             is
             much
             more
             barren
             ,
             and
             that
             is
             the
             sand
             that
             bringeth
             forth
             nothing
             but
             wilde
             Twitch
             ,
             Bryars
             ,
             Thorn-bush
             ,
             and
             such
             like
             vndergrowth
             of
             yong
             misliking
             wood
             ,
             which
             neuer
             would
             rise
             or
             come
             to
             profit
             ,
             the
             bitter
             cold
             drinesse
             of
             the
             earth
             wherein
             it
             groweth
             ,
             and
             the
             sharpe
             stormes
             to
             which
             the
             clime
             is
             continually
             subiect
             both
             day
             and
             night
             ,
             blasting
             it
             in
             such
             manner
             that
             nothing
             appeareth
             but
             a
             starued
             ,
             withered
             ,
             and
             vtterly
             vnprofitable
             burthens
             good
             for
             nothing
             but
             the
             fire
             and
             that
             in
             a
             very
             simple
             sort
             .
             Such
             ground
             if
             you
             be
             
             master
             of
             ,
             and
             would
             reduce
             it
             to
             profit
             and
             fruitfulnesse
             ,
             you
             shall
             first
             with
             hookes
             or
             axes
             cut
             vp
             the
             vpper
             growth
             thereof
             ,
             that
             is
             the
             bushes
             ,
             yong
             trees
             and
             such
             like
             ,
             then
             you
             shall
             also
             stubbe
             vp
             the
             rootes
             ,
             not
             leauing
             any
             part
             of
             them
             behind
             in
             the
             earth
             ,
             carrying
             away
             both
             home
             to
             your
             house
             to
             be
             imploide
             either
             for
             fewel
             ,
             or
             the
             mending
             of
             the
             hedges
             ,
             or
             such
             like
             ,
             as
             you
             shall
             haue
             occasion
             ;
             this
             done
             ,
             you
             shall
             take
             a
             paire
             of
             strong
             Iron
             harrowes
             ,
             and
             with
             them
             you
             shall
             harrow
             ouer
             all
             the
             earth
             ,
             tearing
             vp
             all
             the
             Twitch
             ,
             Bryars
             ,
             and
             rough
             Grasse
             so
             by
             the
             rootes
             ,
             that
             not
             any
             
             part
             but
             the
             bare
             earth
             may
             be
             seen●…
             ,
             and
             when
             your
             barrowes
             are
             cloyed
             ,
             you
             shall
             vulade
             them
             in
             seuerall
             places
             of
             the
             ground
             ,
             laying
             all
             such
             rubbish
             of
             weedes
             and
             other
             stuffe
             ,
             which
             the
             harrowes
             shall
             gather
             vp
             in
             a
             little
             round
             hill
             ,
             closse
             vp
             together
             that
             they
             may
             sweat
             ,
             wither
             and
             dry
             ;
             then
             spreading
             them
             abroad
             and
             mixing
             them
             well
             with
             dry
             straw
             ,
             burne
             them
             all
             ouer
             the
             ground
             ,
             leauing
             no
             part
             of
             the
             weeds
             or
             Grasse
             vnconsumed
             ,
             then
             without
             beating
             in
             of
             the
             ashes
             ,
             you
             shall
             presently
             plow
             the
             ground
             all
             ouer
             very
             cleane
             as
             may
             be
             ,
             laying
             the
             furrowes
             as
             close
             as
             you
             can
             one
             to
             another
             ,
             and
             leauing
             no
             earth
             vntoucht
             or
             vntorne
             vp
             with
             the
             Plow
             ,
             which
             done
             ,
             you
             shall
             immediately
             hacke
             it
             into
             small
             peeces
             ,
             and
             as
             you
             hacke
             it
             ,
             you
             shall
             haue
             idle
             Boyes
             to
             goe
             by
             the
             Hackers
             ,
             to
             gather
             away
             all
             the
             roots
             which
             they
             shall
             loosen
             or
             breake
             from
             the
             mould
             ,
             and
             laying
             them
             on
             heapes
             in
             the
             worst
             part
             of
             the
             ground
             ,
             they
             shall
             there
             burne
             them
             ,
             and
             spread
             the
             ashes
             thereon
             ,
             after
             your
             ground
             is
             thus
             harrowed
             ,
             plowed
             ,
             and
             hackt
             ,
             you
             shall
             then
             mucke
             it
             ,
             as
             was
             formerly
             shewed
             in
             the
             sixt
             Chapter
             ,
             then
             shall
             you
             sand
             it
             ,
             lyme
             it
             ,
             and
             manure
             it
             as
             before
             said
             .
          
           
             Now
             of
             meanures
             ,
             which
             are
             most
             proper
             for
             this
             
             soyle
             ,
             you
             shall
             vnderstand
             that
             either
             Oxe
             ,
             or
             Horse
             meanure
             ,
             rotten
             straw
             ,
             or
             the
             scouring
             of
             Yards
             is
             very
             good
             ,
             prouided
             that
             with
             any
             of
             these
             meanures
             ,
             or
             all
             these
             meanures
             ,
             you
             mix
             the
             broad-leaued
             weeds
             ,
             and
             other
             greene-weeds
             which
             grow
             in
             Ditches
             ,
             Brooks
             ,
             Ponds
             or
             Lakes
             ,
             vnder
             Willow
             tree
             ,
             which
             with
             an
             yron
             Rake
             ,
             Drag
             ,
             or
             such
             likeinstrument
             ,
             you
             may
             easily
             draw
             vpon
             the
             banke
             ,
             and
             so
             carry
             it
             to
             your
             land
             ,
             and
             there
             mingle
             it
             with
             the
             other
             meanures
             &
             so
             let
             it
             rot
             
             in
             the
             ground
             ,
             this
             meanure
             thus
             mixed
             is
             of
             all
             other
             most
             excellent
             for
             this
             soile
             ,
             both
             by
             the
             experience
             of
             the
             Ancients
             who
             haue
             left
             it
             vnto
             memory
             ,
             as
             also
             by
             daily
             practise
             now
             vsed
             in
             sundry
             parts
             of
             this
             kingdome
             ,
             aswell
             because
             of
             the
             temperat
             coolenes
             thereof
             ,
             which
             in
             a
             kindly
             manner
             asswageth
             the
             lime
             and
             sand
             ,
             as
             also
             through
             the
             moysture
             which
             distilling
             through
             those
             warme
             Soiles
             doth
             quicken
             the
             colde
             starued
             earth
             ,
             and
             giueth
             a
             wonderfull
             increase
             to
             the
             seede
             that
             shall
             be
             throwne
             into
             the
             same
             .
          
           
             After
             your
             ground
             is
             thus
             sufficiently
             drest
             with
             
             these
             soiles
             and
             meanures
             ,
             you
             shal
             then
             plow
             it
             againe
             the
             second
             time
             which
             would
             bee
             after
             Michaelmas
             ;
             after
             the
             plowing
             you
             shall
             then
             hack
             it
             againe
             ,
             and
             be
             sure
             to
             mixe
             the
             earth
             and
             the
             meanures
             very
             well
             together
             ,
             then
             you
             shall
             breake
             it
             in
             gentle
             manner
             with
             your
             Harrowes
             ,
             and
             then
             sowe
             it
             ;
             which
             done
             you
             shall
             harrow
             it
             againe
             ,
             but
             then
             you
             shall
             harrow
             it
             much
             more
             painefully
             ,
             and
             not
             leaue
             any
             clots
             or
             hard
             earth
             vnbroken
             that
             the
             Harrow
             can
             pull
             in
             pieces
             :
             as
             touching
             the
             seede
             which
             is
             fittest
             for
             this
             earth
             ,
             it
             is
             the
             same
             that
             is
             spoken
             of
             in
             the
             next
             foregoing
             Chapter
             :
             as
             namely
             ,
             the
             best
             Rye
             or
             the
             best
             Masline
             ,
             which
             is
             Rye
             and
             Wheate
             equally
             mixt
             together
             ,
             or
             if
             there
             bee
             two
             parts
             Rye
             ,
             and
             but
             one
             Wheate
             ,
             the
             seede
             will
             bee
             so
             much
             the
             more
             certaine
             and
             surer
             holding
             ,
             and
             this
             seede
             you
             may
             sowe
             on
             this
             ground
             three
             yeares
             together
             ,
             then
             Barley
             ,
             then
             Oates
             ,
             and
             so
             foorth
             ,
             as
             is
             formerly
             writ
             of
             the
             grounds
             forgoing
             .
             After
             your
             ground
             is
             sowne
             and
             harrowed
             ,
             you
             shall
             then
             clotte
             it
             ,
             sleight
             it
             ,
             and
             smooth
             it
             as
             you
             did
             the
             other
             groundes
             before
             ,
             and
             then
             lastly
             with
             your
             backe
             Harrowes
             ,
             that
             
             is
             with
             a
             paire
             of
             harrowes
             ,
             the
             teeth
             turned
             vpward
             from
             the
             ground
             ,
             and
             the
             backe
             of
             the
             harrow
             next
             vnto
             the
             ground
             ,
             you
             shall
             runne
             ouer
             all
             the
             ground
             and
             gather
             from
             the
             same
             all
             the
             loose
             Grasse
             ,
             Twitch
             ,
             or
             other
             weeds
             that
             shall
             any
             wayes
             be
             raised
             vp
             ,
             and
             the
             same
             so
             gathered
             ,
             you
             shall
             lay
             at
             the
             lands
             end
             in
             heapes
             ,
             either
             to
             rot
             for
             meanure
             ,
             or
             else
             at
             the
             time
             of
             the
             yeere
             to
             be
             burnt
             for
             ashes
             ,
             and
             sprinkled
             on
             the
             earth
             the
             next
             seed
             time
             .
          
           
             Lastly
             touching
             the
             weeding
             of
             this
             soyle
             ,
             you
             shall
             
             vnderstand
             the
             weeds
             which
             are
             most
             incident
             thereunto
             ,
             are
             all
             the
             same
             you
             first
             went
             about
             to
             destroy
             :
             as
             namely
             ,
             Twich
             ,
             rough
             wilde
             Grasse
             ,
             and
             yong
             woody
             vndergrowth
             ,
             besides
             Thistles
             ,
             Hare
             bottles
             ,
             and
             Gipsie
             flowers
             ;
             therefore
             you
             shall
             haue
             a
             great
             care
             at
             the
             first
             appearance
             or
             springing
             vp
             of
             the
             Corne
             ,
             to
             see
             what
             weeds
             ariseth
             with
             it
             ,
             (
             for
             these
             weeds
             are
             euerfully
             as
             hasty
             as
             the
             Corne
             )
             and
             assoone
             as
             you
             see
             them
             appeare
             ,
             both
             your selfe
             and
             your
             people
             with
             your
             hands
             shall
             pull
             them
             vp
             by
             the
             roots
             ,
             and
             so
             weed
             your
             land
             as
             you
             would
             weed
             a
             garden
             ,
             or
             Woad
             ground
             .
             Now
             if
             at
             this
             first
             weeding
             (
             which
             will
             be
             at
             the
             latter
             Spring
             ,
             commonly
             called
             Michaelmas
             ,
             or
             the
             Winter
             Spring
             )
             you
             happen
             to
             omit
             &
             let
             some
             weeds
             passe
             your
             hands
             vnpulled
             vp
             (
             which
             very
             well
             may
             chance
             in
             so
             great
             a
             work
             )
             you
             ●…hal
             then
             the
             Sommer
             Spring
             next
             following
             (
             seeing
             them
             as
             hie
             or
             peraduenture
             hier
             then
             the
             Corne
             )
             with
             your
             wooden
             nippers
             pull
             them
             vp
             by
             the
             roots
             from
             the
             ground
             ,
             and
             so
             cast
             them
             away
             :
             As
             touching
             the
             cutting
             them
             vp
             close
             by
             the
             ground
             with
             ordinary
             weedhookes
             ,
             I
             doe
             in
             no
             sort
             allow
             it
             ,
             for
             these
             kinde
             of
             weeds
             are
             so
             apt
             to
             grow
             ,
             and
             also
             so
             swift
             in
             growth
             ,
             that
             if
             you
             cut
             
             them
             neuer
             so
             close
             in
             the
             Spring
             ,
             yet
             they
             will
             againe
             ouermount
             the
             Corne
             before
             haruest
             ,
             and
             by
             reason
             of
             their
             greatnesse
             ,
             roughnesse
             ,
             and
             much
             hardnesse
             choake
             and
             slay
             much
             Corne
             that
             shall
             grow
             about
             them
             ,
             and
             therefore
             by
             all
             meanes
             you
             shall
             pull
             these
             weeds
             vp
             by
             the
             roots
             whilst
             they
             are
             tender
             ,
             (
             if
             possibly
             you
             can
             ,
             )
             or
             otherwise
             in
             their
             stronger
             growth
             ,
             sith
             their
             sufferance
             breedeth
             great
             losse
             and
             distruction
             ;
             And
             thus
             much
             touching
             the
             plowing
             ,
             ordering
             ,
             dressing
             and
             inriching
             of
             all
             barraine
             sands
             that
             are
             laden
             and
             ouer-runne
             with
             Twitch
             ,
             wilde
             Bryar
             ,
             or
             woody
             vndergrowth
             .
          
        
         
           
             CHAP.
             IX
             .
          
           
             
               Of
               the
               Plowing
               ,
               Tilling
               ,
               Ordering
               and
               Inriching
               of
               all
               barren
               Sands
               which
               are
               ouer-runne
               with
               mores
               or
               morish
               stinking
               long
               Grasse
               .
            
          
           
             VNto
             these
             fore-going
             barren
             Sands
             ,
             of
             which
             I
             haue
             already
             written
             ,
             I
             will
             lastly
             ioyne
             this
             last
             barren
             Sand
             ,
             being
             of
             all
             earthes
             ,
             whether
             Clay
             or
             Sand
             the
             most
             barrenest
             ,
             and
             that
             is
             that
             filthy
             ,
             blacke
             ,
             morish
             Sand
             which
             beareth
             nothing
             but
             a
             stinking
             ,
             putrified
             Grasse
             or
             Mosse
             ,
             or
             Mosse
             and
             Grasse
             mixed
             together
             ,
             to
             which
             not
             any
             Beast
             or
             Cattell
             ,
             how
             course
             or
             hardly
             bred
             soeuer
             ,
             will
             at
             any
             time
             lay
             their
             mouthes
             :
             and
             this
             kinde
             of
             ground
             also
             is
             very
             much
             subiect
             to
             marrishes
             and
             quagmires
             ,
             of
             which
             that
             which
             is
             couered
             with
             Mosse
             ,
             or
             Grasse
             ,
             is
             the
             worst
             ,
             and
             that
             which
             is
             tufted
             aboue
             with
             rushes
             ,
             the
             best
             and
             soonest
             reduced
             vnto
             goodnesse
             ;
             in
             briefe
             ,
             all
             
             these
             kinds
             of
             grounds
             generally
             are
             extremely
             moyste
             and
             colde
             ,
             the
             ●…uperabundance
             whereof
             is
             the
             occasion
             of
             the
             infinite
             sterrillity
             and
             barrennesse
             of
             the
             same
             .
          
           
             And
             therefore
             hee
             that
             is
             master
             of
             such
             vnprofitable
             Earth
             ,
             and
             would
             haue
             it
             brought
             to
             some
             profit
             or
             goodnesse
             ,
             shall
             first
             consider
             the
             situation
             of
             the
             ground
             ,
             as
             whether
             it
             lye
             high
             or
             low
             ,
             for
             some
             of
             these
             marrish
             groundes
             lie
             low
             in
             the
             Valles
             ,
             some
             on
             the
             sides
             of
             Hilles
             ,
             and
             some
             on
             the
             tops
             of
             Mountaines
             ,
             then
             whether
             the
             much
             moystnesse
             thereof
             bee
             fedde
             by
             Riuer
             ,
             Lake
             or
             Spring
             ,
             whose
             veines
             not
             hauing
             currant
             passage
             through
             or
             vpon
             the
             earth
             ,
             spreads
             soakingly
             ouer
             all
             the
             face
             thereof
             ,
             and
             so
             rotting
             the
             mould
             with
             too
             much
             wette
             ,
             makes
             it
             not
             onely
             vnpassable
             ,
             but
             also
             vtterly
             vnprofitable
             for
             any
             good
             burthen
             .
          
           
             Now
             if
             you
             finde
             that
             this
             marrish
             Earth
             lie
             in
             
             the
             bottome
             of
             low
             vales
             as
             it
             were
             girdled
             about
             with
             Hilles
             or
             higher
             grounds
             ,
             so
             that
             besides
             the
             feeding
             of
             certaine
             Springs
             ,
             Lakes
             ,
             or
             Riuers
             ,
             euery
             shower
             of
             raine
             or
             falling
             of
             water
             from
             higher
             grounds
             bringeth
             to
             these
             an
             extraordinary
             moysture
             to
             maintaine
             the
             rottennesse
             ,
             in
             this
             case
             this
             ground
             is
             past
             cure
             for
             grasse
             or
             Corne
             ,
             and
             would
             onely
             bee
             conuerted
             and
             made
             into
             a
             fish-pond
             for
             the
             breeding
             and
             feeding
             of
             Fish
             ,
             being
             a
             thing
             no
             lesse
             profitable
             to
             the
             Husband-man
             for
             keeping
             his
             house
             ,
             and
             furnishing
             the
             market
             then
             the
             best
             corne-land
             hee
             hath
             ;
             and
             therefore
             when
             hee
             maketh
             any
             such
             pond
             hee
             shall
             first
             rayse
             vp
             the
             head
             thereof
             in
             the
             narrowest
             part
             of
             the
             ground
             ,
             and
             
             this
             head
             by
             driuing
             in
             of
             stackes
             and
             piles
             of
             tough
             and
             hard
             wood
             as
             Elme
             ,
             Oake
             and
             such
             like
             ,
             and
             by
             ramming
             in
             of
             the
             Earth
             hard
             betweene
             them
             ,
             and
             sodding
             the
             same
             so
             fast
             that
             the
             mould
             can
             by
             no
             meanes
             be
             worne
             downe
             or
             vndermined
             with
             the
             water
             ,
             hee
             shall
             bring
             to
             as
             firme
             Earth
             as
             is
             possible
             ,
             and
             in
             the
             midst
             of
             this
             head
             he
             shall
             place
             a
             sluce
             or
             Flood-gate
             made
             of
             sound
             and
             cleane
             Oake
             Timber
             and
             plankes
             ,
             through
             which
             at
             any
             time
             to
             draine
             the
             Pond
             when
             occasion
             shall
             serue
             ,
             and
             this
             done
             you
             shall
             digge
             the
             Ponde
             of
             such
             depth
             as
             the
             Earth
             conueniently
             will
             beare
             ,
             and
             casting
             the
             Earth
             vpon
             either
             side
             you
             shall
             make
             the
             bankes
             as
             large
             and
             strong
             as
             the
             grounde
             requireth
             ,
             then
             if
             any
             Spring
             which
             did
             before
             feed
             the
             Earth
             bee
             left
             out
             of
             the
             compasse
             of
             the
             Pond
             (
             because
             it
             lieth
             too
             high
             to
             be
             brought
             in
             )
             then
             shall
             you
             by
             drawing
             gutters
             or
             draynes
             from
             the
             Spring
             downe
             to
             the
             Pond
             ,
             bring
             all
             the
             water
             of
             the
             Springs
             into
             the
             Pond
             and
             so
             continually
             feed
             it
             with
             fresh
             and
             sweet
             water
             .
             Then
             storing
             it
             with
             Fish
             of
             best
             esteeme
             as
             
               Carpe
               ,
               Tench
               ,
               Breame
               ,
               Pearch
            
             and
             such
             like
             ,
             and
             keeping
             it
             from
             weeds
             ,
             ●…he
             and
             Vermine
             ,
             there
             is
             no
             doubt
             of
             the
             daily
             proffit
             ;
          
           
             But
             if
             this
             marrish
             and
             low
             Ground
             though
             it
             lie
             low
             and
             haue
             many
             Springs
             falling
             vpon
             it
             yet
             it
             lyeth
             not
             so
             extreame
             lowe
             but
             that
             there
             is
             some
             Riuer
             or
             dry
             Ditches
             bordering
             vppon
             it
             ,
             which
             lie
             in
             a
             little
             lower
             diffent
             ,
             so
             that
             except
             in
             case
             of
             inundation
             the
             Riuer
             and
             Ditches
             are
             free
             from
             the
             moysture
             of
             this
             Ground
             ,
             but
             where
             there
             is
             any
             ouer-slowing
             of
             waters
             there
             this
             marrish
             Grounde
             must
             needes
             be
             drowned
             ,
             
             in
             this
             case
             this
             ground
             can
             hardly
             be
             made
             for
             corne
             ,
             because
             euery
             ouerflow
             putteth
             the
             Graine
             in
             danger
             ,
             yet
             may
             it
             be
             well
             conuerted
             to
             excellent
             pasture
             or
             medow
             ,
             by
             finding
             out
             the
             heads
             of
             the
             Springs
             ,
             and
             by
             opening
             and
             cleansing
             them
             ,
             and
             then
             drawing
             from
             those
             cleansed
             heads
             ,
             narrow
             draines
             or
             furrows
             through
             which
             the
             waters
             may
             passe
             to
             the
             neighbour
             ditches
             ,
             and
             so
             be
             conueied
             downe
             to
             the
             lower
             Riuers
             ;
             leauing
             all
             the
             rest
             of
             the
             ground
             dry
             ,
             and
             suffering
             no
             moistures
             to
             passe
             ,
             but
             what
             goeth
             through
             these
             small
             deepe
             channels
             ,
             then
             as
             soone
             as
             Sommer
             commeth
             ,
             and
             the
             ground
             begins
             to
             harden
             ,
             ifyou
             see
             any
             of
             the
             water
             stand
             in
             any
             part
             of
             the
             ground
             ,
             you
             shall
             forth
             with
             mend
             the
             draine
             ,
             and
             helpe
             the
             water
             to
             passe
             away
             ,
             which
             done
             (
             as
             the
             ground
             hardeneth
             )
             you
             shall
             with
             hacks
             and
             spades
             lay
             the
             swarth
             smooth
             and
             plaine
             ,
             and
             as
             early
             in
             the
             yeere
             as
             you
             can
             conueniently
             ,
             you
             shall
             sow
             vpon
             the
             ground
             good
             store
             of
             hay
             seeds
             ,
             and
             if
             also
             you
             doe
             meanure
             it
             with
             the
             rotten
             staddels
             or
             bottomes
             of
             haystacks
             ,
             it
             will
             be
             much
             the
             better
             ,
             and
             this
             staddell
             you
             shall
             not
             spread
             very
             thicke
             but
             rather
             of
             a
             reasonable
             thinnesse
             ,
             that
             it
             may
             the
             sooner
             rot
             and
             consume
             vpon
             the
             same
             .
          
           
             But
             if
             this
             marrish
             and
             filthy
             ground
             doe
             not
             lie
             so
             
             low
             as
             these
             low
             valleyes
             ,
             but
             rather
             against
             the
             tops
             of
             hils
             ,
             you
             shall
             then
             first
             open
             the
             heads
             of
             all
             the
             Springs
             you
             can
             find
             ,
             and
             by
             seucrall
             draines
             or
             sluces
             ,
             draw
             all
             the
             water
             into
             one
             draine
             ,
             and
             so
             carry
             it
             away
             into
             some
             neighbouring
             ditch
             and
             valley
             ;
             and
             these
             draines
             you
             shall
             make
             of
             a
             good
             depth
             as
             at
             least
             two
             foote
             ,
             or
             two
             foote
             and
             a
             halfe
             ,
             or
             more
             ,
             if
             need
             require
             ,
             and
             then
             crosse-wise
             ,
             euery
             way
             ouerthwartthe
             ground
             ,
             you
             shall
             draw
             more
             shallow
             furrowes
             ,
             
             all
             which
             shall
             fall
             into
             the
             former
             deepe
             draines
             ,
             and
             so
             make
             the
             ground
             as
             constant
             and
             firme
             as
             may
             be
             ,
             then
             hauing
             an
             intent
             to
             imploy
             it
             for
             Corne
             ,
             you
             shall
             bring
             your
             Plow
             into
             the
             ground
             ,
             being
             a
             very
             strong
             one
             ,
             and
             not
             much
             differing
             in
             Timber
             -
             worke
             or
             Irons
             from
             that
             which
             turneth
             vppe
             the
             clay
             grounds
             ,
             and
             laying
             before
             the
             Plow
             long
             wades
             or
             roules
             of
             the
             straw
             ofLupyns
             ,
             Pease
             ,
             or
             else
             Fetches
             ,
             (
             but
             Lupynsis
             the
             best
             )
             you
             shall
             turne
             the
             furrowes
             of
             earth
             with
             the
             Plow
             vpon
             the
             waddes
             ,
             and
             so
             couer
             or
             bury
             them
             in
             the
             mould
             ,
             and
             thus
             do
             vnto
             euery
             furrow
             ,
             or
             at
             least
             vnto
             most
             of
             the
             furrowes
             you
             turne
             vppe
             ,
             and
             so
             let
             it
             lie
             a
             little
             time
             to
             rotte
             ,
             as
             by
             the
             space
             of
             a
             fortnight
             or
             three
             weekes
             ,
             in
             which
             space
             ,
             if
             the
             ground
             receiue
             not
             raine
             and
             moysture
             enough
             to
             rotte
             the
             strawe
             thus
             formerly
             buried
             ,
             you
             shall
             then
             by
             stopping
             the
             draynes
             ,
             and
             making
             the
             Springs
             ouerflow
             ,
             gently
             washe
             the
             ground
             all
             ouer
             and
             no
             more
             ,
             and
             then
             presently
             draine
             it
             againe
             ;
             which
             done
             ,
             assoone
             as
             the
             earth
             is
             dry
             ,
             you
             shall
             hacke
             it
             and
             breake
             it
             into
             small
             peeces
             ,
             then
             you
             shall
             also
             Sande
             it
             ,
             Lyme
             it
             and
             meanureit
             .
          
           
             Andlastly
             ,
             you
             shall
             marle
             it
             ,
             but
             if
             no
             salt
             sand
             be
             to
             be
             had
             ,
             then
             instead
             of
             it
             ,
             you
             shall
             chaulke
             it
             ,
             yet
             of
             all
             the
             rest
             you
             shall
             take
             the
             least
             part
             of
             chaulke
             .
          
           
             This
             done
             ,
             about
             the
             latter
             ende
             of
             luly
             you
             shall
             plow
             vp
             the
             ground
             againe
             with
             somewhat
             a
             better
             and
             deeper
             stytch
             then
             you
             did
             before
             ,
             that
             if
             any
             of
             the
             straw
             be
             vnrotted
             or
             vnconsumed
             ,
             it
             may
             again
             be
             raisd
             vp
             with
             the
             new
             moist
             earth
             &
             so
             made
             to
             
             waste
             more
             speedily
             ,
             and
             if
             at
             this
             second
             carrying
             you
             doe
             see
             any
             great
             hard
             clots
             to
             arise
             ,
             then
             with
             your
             hacks
             you
             shall
             breake
             those
             hard
             clots
             in
             peeces
             ,
             laying
             the
             land
             cleane
             without
             clots
             ,
             weeds
             ,
             or
             any
             other
             anoyance
             ,
             and
             so
             let
             it
             rest
             till
             October
             ,
             at
             which
             time
             you
             shall
             plow
             it
             ouer
             againe
             ,
             hacke
             it
             ,
             harrow
             it
             ,
             and
             then
             sow
             it
             with
             the
             best
             seed-wheate
             ;
             for
             this
             soile
             thus
             drest
             and
             meanured
             ,
             albeit
             it
             be
             of
             all
             other
             the
             most
             barren
             ,
             yet
             by
             reason
             of
             this
             mosture
             which
             at
             pleasure
             may
             be
             put
             to
             it
             ,
             or
             taken
             from
             it
             ,
             and
             by
             the
             mixture
             of
             these
             comfortable
             soyles
             and
             compasses
             ,
             it
             is
             made
             as
             good
             and
             fruitfull
             as
             any
             earth
             whatsoeuer
             ,
             and
             will
             beare
             wheat
             abundantly
             the
             space
             of
             three
             yeeres
             together
             ;
             then
             good
             barley
             the
             fourth
             yeere
             with
             a
             little
             helpe
             of
             a
             sheepefold
             ,
             or
             sheeps
             meanure
             ;
             then
             Rye
             the
             fift
             yeare
             ,
             Oates
             the
             sixt
             ,
             the
             seuenth
             and
             eight
             yeare
             ,
             small
             Pease
             the
             ninth
             yeare
             good
             medow
             or
             pasture
             three
             yeares
             following
             ,
             and
             then
             to
             be
             new
             drest
             agaiue
             ,
             as
             before
             faid
             .
          
           
             Now
             as
             soone
             as
             your
             seed
             wheat
             is
             sowne
             ,
             you
             shal
             
             then
             harrow
             the
             ground
             againe
             ,
             and
             be
             sure
             to
             couer
             the
             wheate
             both
             deepe
             and
             closse
             ,
             as
             for
             the
             clots
             which
             shall
             arise
             from
             this
             soile
             ,
             it
             shall
             not
             matter
             whether
             you
             break
             them
             ,
             or
             no
             ,
             for
             by
             reason
             of
             their
             moysture
             ,
             they
             will
             be
             plyant
             and
             easie
             for
             the
             wheatto
             passe
             thorow
             ,
             so
             that
             you
             shall
             not
             care
             how
             rough
             your
             land
             lye
             ,
             so
             it
             lye
             cleane
             ,
             and
             the
             Corne
             well
             couered
             ,
             but
             for
             all
             other
             seeds
             ,
             you
             shall
             break
             the
             clots
             to
             dust
             ,
             and
             lay
             the
             land
             as
             smooth
             as
             may
             be
             .
          
           
             Now
             for
             the
             weeding
             of
             this
             soyle
             ,
             you
             will
             not
             be
             much
             troubled
             there
             with
             ,
             because
             this
             ground
             naturally
             of
             it
             owne
             accord
             ,
             putteth
             forth
             no
             weeds
             ,
             more
             then
             these
             which
             are
             ingendred
             by
             the
             new-made
             
             fruitfulnesse
             thereof
             ,
             and
             those
             weeds
             for
             the
             most
             part
             are
             a
             kinde
             of
             small
             sedge
             ,
             or
             hollow
             reede
             ;
             any
             of
             which
             if
             you
             see
             appeare
             ,
             or
             with
             them
             any
             other
             kind
             of
             weed
             ,
             you
             shali
             at
             the
             first
             appearance
             ,
             either
             pull
             them
             vp
             by
             the
             roots
             with
             your
             wooden
             nippers
             or
             else
             cut
             them
             close
             by
             the
             ground
             with
             your
             weedhookes
             .
          
           
             And
             thus
             I
             haue
             with
             as
             much
             care
             and
             diligence
             ,
             as
             
             either
             my
             knowledge
             ,
             experience
             ,
             tradition
             from
             the
             best
             and
             skilfullest
             Teachers
             ,
             or
             the
             obseruations
             which
             my
             ●…udgement
             could
             at
             any
             time
             collect
             from
             my
             trauell
             or
             other
             mens
             labours
             ,
             faithfully
             and
             duly
             set
             downe
             the
             best
             ,
             safest
             and
             easiest
             wayes
             how
             to
             bring
             the
             most
             vilde
             and
             barrenest
             grounds
             in
             this
             kingdome
             ,
             whether
             they
             be
             clayes
             or
             sands
             ,
             mixt
             or
             vnmixt
             ,
             or
             of
             what
             nature
             soeuer
             ,
             to
             as
             great
             fertility
             and
             fruitfulnesse
             in
             the
             bearing
             and
             bringing
             forth
             of
             Corne
             ,
             as
             the
             best
             and
             most
             richest
             soyle
             vnder
             the
             Sunne
             can
             doe
             ,
             and
             that
             (
             all
             things
             considered
             )
             with
             as
             little
             cost
             ,
             and
             much
             lesse
             labour
             ,
             for
             to
             make
             a
             short
             comparison
             ,
             or
             computation
             of
             the
             labour
             and
             charges
             which
             belong
             to
             these
             two
             soyles
             ,
             the
             rich
             and
             the
             barren
             ,
             you
             shall
             vnderstand
             that
             the
             rich
             soyle
             is
             that
             which
             beareth
             Barley
             most
             naturally
             and
             abundantly
             as
             is
             to
             be
             seene
             in
             all
             the
             fruitfull
             vales
             of
             this
             Kingdome
             ,
             as
             the
             vale
             of
             Beluoyre
             ,
             the
             vale
             of
             ●…am
             ,
             the
             vale
             of
             White-Horse
             ,
             the
             vale
             Royall
             ,
             and
             Taunton-Deanry
             ,
             with
             such
             like
             ;
             and
             all
             these
             rich
             vales
             to
             be
             fallowed
             in
             January
             and
             February
             ,
             then
             Sommer
             stirred
             in
             April
             and
             May
             ;
             then
             foild
             in
             July
             and
             August
             ,
             then
             Winter
             rigged
             in
             October
             and
             Nouember
             ,
             and
             lastly
             fowne
             in
             March
             following
             ;
             so
             that
             here
             is
             a
             full
             work
             of
             a
             yeare
             and
             a
             quarter
             betwixt
             the
             preparing
             of
             the
             
             ground
             ,
             and
             the
             sowing
             of
             the
             seed
             (
             as
             may
             better
             appeare
             by
             my
             Booke
             called
             ,
             
               The
               English
               Husbandman
            
             )
             and
             yet
             I
             doe
             ,
             appoint
             here
             no
             time
             for
             the
             leading
             out
             of
             meanure
             ,
             supposing
             the
             earth
             to
             be
             so
             rich
             that
             needeth
             no
             meanure
             at
             all
             ,
             yet
             is
             the
             Husbandman
             in
             a
             most
             continuall
             toile
             both
             Winter
             and
             also
             Sommer
             ,
             and
             at
             continuall
             charge
             both
             with
             cattell
             and
             seruants
             whereas
             the
             barren
             grounds
             (
             of
             which
             I
             haue
             written
             of
             before
             )
             is
             begun
             to
             be
             tilled
             in
             May
             ,
             sanded
             ,
             marled
             ,
             limed
             and
             meanured
             in
             lune
             ,
             and
             at
             such
             vacant
             times
             in
             
               July
               ,
               August
            
             and
             September
             ,
             as
             may
             no
             way
             hinder
             harueft
             ,
             then
             is
             it
             sowne
             ,
             clotted
             and
             smoothed
             in
             October
             ,
             so
             that
             here
             is
             but
             one
             halfe
             yeeres
             worke
             before
             the
             crop
             be
             expected
             ,
             and
             that
             but
             in
             one
             yeare
             of
             eleuen
             or
             twelue
             neither
             ;
             For
             after
             the
             first
             yeare
             it
             needeth
             but
             onely
             one
             halfe
             moneths
             worke
             which
             is
             plowing
             and
             sowing
             ;
             also
             the
             rich
             earth
             looseth
             euery
             fourth
             yeares
             profit
             ,
             by
             reason
             of
             the
             lying
             fallow
             ,
             and
             this
             barren
             earth
             ,
             neuer
             looseth
             any
             yeare
             at
             all
             ,
             but
             alwayes
             brings
             forth
             some
             profit
             :
             lastly
             ,
             for
             the
             value
             and
             prices
             of
             the
             profits
             arising
             from
             these
             grounds
             ,
             I
             neuer
             saw
             in
             the
             rich
             soyles
             an
             aker
             of
             Corne
             sold
             for
             aboue
             xlvi
             .
             s.
             viii
             .
             d.
             and
             I
             haue
             seene
             in
             the
             barren
             grounds
             an
             aker
             of
             Corne
             ordinarily
             fold
             for
             v.
             li.
             so
             that
             I
             conclude
             the
             barren
             earth
             euer
             is
             worthy
             of
             the
             Husbandmans
             charge
             and
             labour
             .
          
           
             It
             resteth
             now
             that
             I
             speake
             some
             thing
             of
             the
             bettering
             and
             inriching
             of
             all
             forts
             of
             barven
             Grasse-grounds
             ,
             inasmuch
             as
             they
             are
             for
             the
             maintenance
             of
             stocke
             ,
             (
             without
             which
             no
             Corne
             or
             other
             commodity
             is
             to
             be
             had
             )
             in
             as
             great
             vse
             and
             necessity
             as
             any
             Corne
             ground
             is
             ,
             and
             the
             rather
             in
             as
             much
             as
             there
             be
             some
             barren
             earths
             which
             partly
             through
             their
             cuill
             
             situations
             ,
             partly
             through
             much
             distance
             of
             place
             ,
             and
             other
             naturall
             defects
             ,
             can
             hardly
             ,
             or
             very
             inconueniently
             be
             brought
             to
             beare
             Corne
             ;
             therefore
             you
             shall
             reduce
             them
             vnto
             good
             medow
             or
             pasture
             ,
             by
             these
             helpes
             and
             good
             husbandries
             following
             .
          
        
         
           
             CHAP.
             X.
             
          
           
             
               How
               to
               inrich
               and
               make
               the
               most
               barrennest
               soile
               to
               bears
               excell●…nt
               good
               pasture
               or
               medam
               .
            
          
           
             MAny
             will
             thinke
             that
             in
             the
             head
             of
             this
             Chapter
             ,
             I
             haue
             taken
             to
             large
             a
             scope
             ,
             and
             haue
             made
             so
             vnbounded
             a
             promise
             that
             I
             cannot
             chufe
             but
             either
             loose
             my selfe
             ,
             or
             leade
             my
             Readers
             infinitely
             astray
             in
             this
             large
             wildernesse
             :
             Indeed
             for
             mine
             owne
             part
             I
             could
             haue
             wisht
             to
             haue
             gathered
             it
             much
             neerer
             within
             the
             compasse
             of
             common
             mens
             common
             vnderstandings
             :
             But
             since
             I
             saw
             the
             fruitfull
             grounds
             and
             gardens
             ,
             growing
             about
             Chatsworth
             ,
             in
             the
             Peake
             in
             Darbye-shire
             ,
             and
             since
             I
             saw
             the
             medowes
             vpon
             Exmore
             ,
             and
             the
             rich
             pastures
             on
             the
             toppes
             of
             mountaines
             in
             North
             Deuon-shire
             ,
             and
             all
             made
             by
             industry
             &
             not
             nature
             ;
             I
             thought
             my
             promise
             scant
             enough
             ,
             and
             that
             any
             painefull
             man
             might
             with
             his
             cost
             and
             labour
             easily
             walke
             about
             my
             meaning
             .
          
           
             To
             speake
             then
             of
             the
             bettering
             and
             inriching
             of
             
             these
             barren
             earths
             ,
             and
             reducing
             them
             to
             good
             pasture
             or
             medow
             ,
             it
             is
             to
             be
             vnderstood
             that
             there
             are
             but
             two
             certaine
             wayes
             to
             compasse
             and
             effect
             the
             same
             ,
             namely
             water
             or
             meanure
             .
          
           
           
             You
             are
             then
             when
             you
             go
             about
             this
             profitable
             labor
             First
             ,
             to
             consider
             the
             situation
             of
             the
             earth
             ,
             you
             would
             conuert
             to
             pasture
             and
             to
             sellect
             for
             this
             purpose
             the
             best
             of
             this
             worst
             earth
             you
             can
             finde
             ,
             and
             that
             which
             lies
             lowest
             ,
             or
             els
             that
             which
             is
             so
             discending
             as
             that
             the
             bottome
             there
             of
             may
             stretch
             to
             the
             lowest
             part
             of
             the
             continent
             ,
             for
             the
             lower
             that
             such
             grounds
             lie
             ,
             the
             sooner
             they
             are
             made
             good
             and
             brought
             vnto
             profit
             ;
             Next
             you
             shall
             consider
             what
             Burthen
             or
             grasse
             it
             beares
             ,
             and
             whether
             the
             grasse
             be
             cleane
             and
             entyre
             of
             it selfe
             (
             which
             is
             the
             best
             and
             likliest
             soyle
             to
             be
             made
             fruitfull
             )
             or
             else
             mixt
             with
             other
             worser
             growthes
             ,
             as
             Thystles
             ,
             Heath
             ,
             Brome
             or
             such
             like
             ,
             and
             if
             it
             be
             burthened
             with
             any
             of
             these
             naughty
             weeds
             ,
             you
             shall
             first
             destroy
             them
             by
             stubbing
             them
             vp
             by
             the
             roots
             and
             by
             burning
             the
             vpper
             swarth
             of
             the
             earth
             with
             dry
             straw
             mixt
             with
             the
             weeds
             which
             you
             shall
             cut
             from
             the
             same
             ,
             then
             it
             shall
             be
             good
             for
             certaine
             nights
             both
             before
             the
             first
             and
             latter
             Spring
             to
             fold
             your
             sheepe
             vpon
             this
             ground
             ,
             and
             that
             not
             in
             a
             scant
             manner
             but
             very
             plentifully
             ,
             so
             as
             the
             dung
             of
             them
             may
             couer
             ouer
             all
             the
             earth
             ,
             and
             their
             feet
             trampling
             vpon
             the
             ground
             ,
             may
             not
             onely
             beat
             in
             the
             dung
             ,
             but
             also
             beat
             of
             all
             the
             fwarth
             from
             the
             earth
             ,
             that
             where
             the
             folde
             gōeth
             ,
             there
             little
             or
             no
             grasse
             may
             be
             perceiued
             ,
             then
             whilest
             the
             ground
             is
             soft
             ,
             and
             thus
             trampled
             ,
             you
             shall
             sow
             it
             all
             ouer
             with
             Hay
             seeds
             and
             then
             with
             your
             flat
             board
             beetles
             beat
             the
             ground
             smooth
             and
             plaine
             ,
             which
             done
             you
             shall
             then
             strow
             or
             thinly
             couer
             ouer
             the
             ground
             with
             the
             rotten
             staddels
             of
             Haystacks
             ,
             and
             the
             moist
             bottomes
             of
             Hay-barnes
             ,
             and
             ouer
             that
             you
             shall
             spread
             other
             strong
             meanure
             of
             which
             horse-dung
             ,
             or
             Horse-dung
             and
             mans
             ordure
             mixt
             together
             
             is
             the
             best
             ,
             or
             for
             want
             of
             such
             either
             the
             meanure
             ,
             of
             Oxen
             ,
             Kine
             ,
             or
             other
             Beasts
             ;
             and
             this
             meanure
             also
             you
             shall
             spread
             very
             thinne
             vpon
             the
             ground
             ,
             and
             so
             let
             it
             lye
             till
             the
             grasse
             come
             vp
             through
             the
             same
             ,
             which
             grasse
             you
             shall
             by
             no
             meanes
             graze
             or
             feed
             with
             your
             cattell
             ,
             but
             being
             come
             to
             the
             perfitnesse
             of
             growth
             ,
             you
             shall
             mowe
             it
             downe
             ,
             and
             although
             it
             will
             be
             the
             first
             yeare
             ,
             but
             short
             and
             very
             course
             ,
             yet
             it
             skilleth
             not
             ,
             for
             the
             ensuing
             yeares
             ,
             shall
             in
             the
             profit
             ,
             and
             bring
             forth
             both
             so
             good
             grasse
             ,
             and
             such
             plenty
             thereof
             ,
             as
             reasonably
             you
             can
             require
             for
             this
             is
             but
             the
             first
             making
             of
             your
             ground
             and
             alteration
             of
             the
             nature
             thereof
             ,
             neither
             shall
             you
             thus
             dresse
             your
             ground
             euery
             yeare
             ,
             but
             once
             in
             twenty
             ,
             or
             forty
             yeares
             ,
             hauing
             plenty
             of
             water
             to
             relieue
             it
             .
             When
             therfore
             you
             haue
             thus
             the
             first
             onely
             prepared
             your
             ground
             by
             destroying
             the
             barren
             growth
             thereof
             ,
             and
             by
             meanuring
             ,
             sowing
             and
             dressing
             it
             ,
             you
             shall
             then
             carefully
             
             search
             about
             highest
             parts
             of
             the
             ground
             ,
             and
             the
             highest
             parts
             of
             all
             other
             grounds
             ,
             any
             way
             neighbouting
             round
             about
             it
             ,
             and
             somewhat
             aboue
             the
             leuell
             thereof
             ,
             to
             see
             it
             you
             can
             find
             any
             Springs
             in
             the
             same
             ,
             (
             as
             doubtlesse
             you
             cannot
             chuse
             to
             doe
             ,
             except
             the
             ground
             be
             of
             more
             then
             strange
             nature
             ,
             )
             and
             the
             heads
             of
             all
             such
             Springs
             as
             you
             shall
             find
             ,
             you
             shall
             by
             gutters
             and
             channels
             draw
             into
             those
             ditches
             which
             shall
             compasse
             your
             medow
             ground
             about
             ,
             obseruing
             euer
             to
             bring
             the
             water
             into
             that
             part
             of
             the
             medow-ditch
             which
             euer
             lyeth
             hyest
             ,
             and
             so
             to
             let
             it
             haue
             a
             current
             passage
             through
             the
             ditches
             downe
             to
             the
             lower
             part
             thereof
             ,
             and
             so
             into
             some
             Lake
             ,
             Brooke
             ,
             or
             other
             Channell
             ,
             and
             in
             this
             fort
             you
             may
             bring
             your
             water
             amyle
             or
             two
             ,
             Nay
             I
             haue
             seene
             water
             brought
             for
             
             this
             purpose
             ,
             three
             or
             foure
             miles
             ,
             and
             the
             gaine
             thereof
             hath
             quit
             the
             charge
             in
             very
             plentifull
             manner
             .
          
           
             But
             if
             you
             cannot
             find
             any
             Springs
             at
             all
             ,
             nor
             can
             haue
             the
             helpe
             of
             any
             Lake
             ,
             Brooke
             ,
             Riuer
             ,
             or
             other
             
             Channell
             of
             mouing
             water
             ,
             (
             which
             is
             a
             doubt
             to
             curious
             ,
             as
             being
             cast
             beyond
             the
             moone
             )
             you
             shall
             then
             not
             onely
             cast
             ditches
             about
             this
             your
             medow
             ground
             but
             also
             about
             all
             other
             grounds
             which
             shall
             lye
             aboue
             it
             ,
             and
             that
             in
             such
             sort
             ,
             that
             they
             all
             may
             haue
             no
             passage
             but
             into
             the
             vpper
             part
             of
             the
             medow
             ditch
             ,
             so
             that
             what
             raine
             soeuer
             shall
             fall
             from
             the
             skie
             vpon
             those
             earthes
             ,
             it
             shall
             be
             receiued
             into
             those
             ditches
             ,
             and
             by
             them
             conueied
             into
             the
             medow
             ditch
             ;
             and
             to
             augment
             the
             stor●…
             of
             this
             water
             ,
             you
             shall
             also
             in
             sundry
             parts
             of
             those
             vpper
             grounds
             which
             are
             aboue
             the
             medow
             ,
             in
             places
             most
             conuenient
             ,
             dig
             large
             Ponds
             or
             Pits
             ,
             which
             both
             of
             themselues
             may
             breed
             ,
             and
             also
             receiue
             all
             such
             water
             as
             shall
             fall
             neare
             about
             them
             ,
             and
             these
             Ponds
             or
             Pits
             being
             filde
             (
             as
             in
             the
             Winter
             time
             necessarily
             they
             must
             needs
             be
             at
             euery
             glut
             of
             raine
             )
             you
             shall
             presently
             by
             small
             draynes
             made
             for
             that
             purpose
             ,
             let
             the
             water
             out
             from
             them
             into
             the
             ditches
             and
             so
             into
             the
             medow
             ditch
             ,
             and
             so
             stopping
             all
             the
             draynes
             againe
             ,
             make
             the
             Ponds
             or
             Pits
             capable
             to
             receiue
             more
             water
             .
          
           
             When
             you
             haue
             thus
             made
             your
             ground
             rich
             with
             
             water
             ,
             and
             that
             you
             see
             it
             flow
             (
             as
             in
             the
             Winter
             time
             necessarily
             it
             must
             )
             in
             plentifull
             manner
             through
             all
             your
             ditches
             ,
             you
             shall
             then
             twice
             or
             thrice
             in
             the
             yeere
             ,
             or
             oftner
             ,
             as
             you
             shall
             thinke
             meete
             in
             the
             most
             conuenientest
             places
             of
             the
             medow
             ditch
             ,
             stoppe
             the
             same
             ,
             and
             make
             the
             water
             to
             rise
             aboue
             his
             bounds
             ,
             and
             to
             ouerflow
             and
             couer
             your
             medow
             ground
             all
             ouer
             ,
             
             and
             if
             it
             be
             a
             flat
             leuel
             ground
             ;
             if
             you
             let
             the
             water
             thus
             couering
             it
             to
             lie
             vpon
             the
             same
             the
             space
             of
             4.
             or
             .
             5.
             daies
             or
             a
             week
             ,
             it
             shall
             not
             be
             amisse
             ;
             &
             then
             you
             may
             water
             it
             the
             seldomer
             ,
             But
             if
             it
             lie
             against
             the
             side
             of
             a
             hill
             ,
             so
             that
             the
             water
             cannot
             rest
             vpon
             the
             same
             ,
             then
             you
             shall
             wash
             it
             all
             ouer
             ,
             leauing
             no
             part
             vnmoystned
             ,
             &
             this
             you
             shal
             do
             the
             ofner
             ,
             according
             as
             the
             weather
             shalfal
             out
             ,
             &
             your
             water
             grow
             more
             or
             lesse
             plentiful
             .
          
           
             Now
             for
             the
             best
             season
             or
             time
             of
             the
             yeere
             for
             
             this
             watering
             of
             medowes
             ,
             you
             shall
             vnderstand
             ,
             that
             from
             Alhallontide
             ,
             which
             is
             the
             beginning
             of
             Nouember
             (
             and
             at
             which
             time
             all
             after-growth
             of
             meddowes
             ,
             are
             fully
             eaten
             ,
             and
             cattel
             for
             the
             most
             part
             are
             taken
             vp
             into
             the
             house
             )
             vntill
             the
             end
             of
             April
             (
             at
             which
             time
             grasse
             beginneth
             to
             spring
             and
             arise
             from
             the
             ground
             )
             you
             may
             water
             all
             your
             medowes
             at
             your
             pleasure
             without
             danger
             ,
             if
             you
             haue
             water
             enough
             at
             your
             pleasure
             ,
             and
             may
             spend
             or
             spare
             at
             your
             will
             ,
             yet
             to
             doe
             it
             in
             the
             best
             perfection
             ,
             and
             whereby
             your
             ground
             may
             receiue
             the
             greatest
             benefit
             ;
             you
             shall
             vnderstand
             that
             the
             onely
             time
             for
             watering
             of
             your
             medowes
             ,
             is
             immediately
             after
             any
             great
             Fluxe
             of
             raine
             ,
             falling
             in
             the
             Winter
             any
             time
             before
             May
             ,
             when
             the
             water
             is
             most
             muddy
             ,
             foule
             and
             troubled
             ,
             for
             then
             it
             carryeth
             with
             it
             a
             soyle
             or
             compasse
             which
             being
             left
             vpon
             the
             ground
             ,
             wonderfully
             inricheth
             it
             ,
             and
             makes
             it
             fruitfull
             beyond
             expectation
             ,
             as
             daily
             is
             seen
             in
             those
             hard
             countreys
             where
             almost
             no
             grasse
             growes
             but
             by
             this
             industry
             ;
             And
             here
             you
             must
             obserue
             ,
             that
             as
             you
             thus
             water
             one
             ground
             ,
             so
             you
             may
             water
             many
             ,
             hauing
             euer
             respect
             to
             begin
             with
             the
             highest
             ,
             and
             so
             to
             let
             the
             water
             passe
             out
             of
             one
             ground
             into
             another
             vntil
             it
             come
             vnto
             the
             lowest
             ,
             which
             commonly
             
             is
             euer
             the
             most
             flat
             and
             leuell
             ,
             and
             there
             you
             may
             let
             the
             water
             remaine
             so
             long
             as
             you
             thinke
             good
             (
             as
             was
             before
             shewed
             )
             and
             then
             let
             it
             out
             into
             other
             waste
             ditches
             or
             riuers
             .
             And
             here
             you
             shall
             know
             that
             this
             lowest
             ground
             will
             euer
             be
             the
             most
             fruitfull
             ,
             as
             well
             because
             it
             lyeth
             the
             warmest
             ,
             moystest
             ,
             and
             safest
             from
             stormes
             and
             tempests
             ,
             as
             also
             because
             what
             soyle
             or
             other
             goodnesse
             this
             ouerflow
             of
             water
             ,
             or
             the
             raine
             washeth
             from
             other
             grounds
             ,
             it
             leaueth
             vpon
             this
             ,
             and
             so
             daily
             increaseth
             the
             fertility
             ,
             from
             whence
             you
             shall
             gather
             ,
             that
             at
             the
             first
             making
             of
             these
             medow
             grounds
             you
             may
             bestow
             lesse
             cost
             of
             meanure
             and
             other
             charges
             vpon
             this
             lowest
             ,
             flat
             ,
             leuell
             ground
             ,
             then
             on
             the
             higher
             ;
             and
             so
             by
             that
             rule
             also
             obserue
             to
             bestow
             on
             the
             highest
             ground
             ,
             and
             the
             highest
             part
             of
             the
             highest
             ground
             euer
             the
             greatest
             abundance
             of
             meanure
             ,
             and
             so
             as
             you
             shall
             descend
             lower
             &
             lower
             ,
             to
             lay
             your
             meanure
             thinner
             and
             thinner
             ,
             yet
             not
             any
             part
             vtterly
             vnfurnished
             &
             voyd
             of
             compasse
             ,
             yet
             as
             before
             I
             said
             you
             are
             to
             remember
             that
             these
             medow
             grounds
             need
             not
             this
             much
             vse
             of
             meanure
             (
             hauing
             this
             benefit
             of
             water
             ,
             and
             the
             first
             yeares
             dressing
             as
             was
             shewed
             in
             the
             beginning
             of
             this
             Chapter
             )
             aboue
             once
             in
             twenty
             yeares
             ;
             nay
             it
             may
             be
             not
             aboue
             once
             in
             a
             mans
             life
             time
             .
          
           
             And
             here
             also
             is
             to
             be
             considered
             ,
             that
             the
             water
             which
             commeth
             from
             clay
             or
             marle
             grounds
             ,
             being
             thicke
             ,
             muddy
             and
             pudly
             ,
             is
             much
             better
             and
             richer
             then
             that
             which
             commeth
             from
             sand
             ,
             grauell
             or
             pibble
             ,
             and
             so
             runneth
             cleare
             and
             smooth
             ,
             for
             that
             rather
             doth
             washe
             away
             and
             consume
             the
             goodnesse
             of
             the
             ground
             ,
             then
             any
             way
             adde
             strength
             thereunto
             .
          
           
             And
             thus
             much
             touching
             the
             dressing
             and
             inriching
             
             of
             all
             sorts
             of
             barraine
             medow
             or
             pasture
             grounds
             .
          
        
         
           
             CHAP.
             XI
             .
          
           
             
               Of
               the
               inriching
               and
               dressing
               of
               barraine
               grounds
               ,
               for
               the
               use
               of
               Hempe
               or
               Flaxe
               .
            
          
           
             HAuing
             shewed
             you
             thus
             how
             to
             better
             and
             inrich
             all
             sorts
             of
             barren
             grounds
             of
             what
             temper
             soeuer
             they
             be
             ,
             as
             whether
             they
             be
             claies
             or
             sands
             ,
             or
             whether
             mixed
             or
             vnmixed
             ,
             and
             that
             as
             well
             for
             Corne
             as
             for
             Grasse
             :
             It
             resteth
             now
             ,
             that
             I
             shew
             you
             how
             to
             inrich
             and
             make
             any
             soyle
             whatsoeuer
             fit
             to
             beare
             abundance
             ,
             either
             of
             Hempe
             ,
             or
             Flaxe
             ,
             a
             thing
             of
             no
             meane
             or
             small
             vse
             in
             this
             our
             Kingdome
             ,
             as
             witnesseth
             the
             abundance
             of
             all
             manner
             of
             cordage
             daily
             vsed
             for
             ships
             and
             other
             purposes
             ;
             the
             infinit
             store
             both
             of
             course
             and
             fine
             linnen
             cloth
             ,
             and
             a
             world
             of
             other
             things
             ,
             without
             which
             families
             cannot
             be
             sustained
             .
          
           
             You
             shall
             then
             first
             vnderstand
             that
             there
             are
             two
             
             sorts
             of
             grounds
             which
             out
             of
             their
             owne
             natures
             vtterly
             refuse
             to
             beare
             Hempe
             or
             Flaxe
             ;
             that
             is
             the
             rich
             stiffe
             blacke
             clay
             ,
             of
             tough
             ,
             solyd
             ,
             and
             fast
             mould
             ,
             whose
             extreamefertility
             and
             fatnesse
             giueth
             such
             a
             surcharge
             to
             the
             increase
             of
             the
             seed
             ,
             that
             either
             with
             the
             rankenesse
             ,
             it
             runneth
             all
             into
             Bunne
             and
             no
             Rinde
             ,
             or
             else
             the
             seed
             being
             tender
             ,
             and
             the
             mould
             sad
             and
             heauy
             ,
             it
             burieth
             it
             so
             deepe
             therein
             ,
             that
             it
             can
             by
             no
             meanes
             get
             out
             of
             the
             same
             ,
             but
             lies
             choaked
             and
             consumed
             without
             profit
             :
             the
             other
             is
             the
             most
             vilde
             and
             extream
             
             barren
             ground
             ,
             which
             by
             reason
             of
             the
             climat
             wherein
             it
             lyes
             ,
             is
             so
             exceeding
             sterrile
             and
             vnfruitfull
             that
             it
             wil
             neither
             beare
             these
             seeds
             nor
             any
             other
             good
             seed
             ;
             and
             of
             these
             two
             soyles
             onely
             I
             purpose
             in
             this
             place
             to
             intreate
             ,
             for
             with
             such
             soiles
             as
             will
             naturally
             and
             commodiously
             beare
             these
             seeds
             ,
             I
             haue
             nothing
             to
             doe
             in
             that
             I
             haue
             sufficiently
             written
             of
             them
             in
             mine
             
               English
               Husbandman
            
             ,
             and
             
               English
               Huswife
            
             ,
             which
             are
             books
             onely
             for
             good
             grounds
             ,
             but
             this
             for
             all
             such
             grounds
             as
             are
             vtterly
             held
             without
             cure
             .
          
           
             To
             begin
             then
             with
             the
             stiffe
             blacke
             clay
             ,
             which
             albeit
             ,
             be
             very
             rich
             for
             Corne
             ,
             is
             most
             poore
             for
             these
             
             seeds
             ,
             when
             you
             would
             reduce
             and
             bring
             it
             to
             beare
             Hempe
             or
             Flaxe
             ,
             which
             neare
             vnto
             the
             sea-coaste
             ,
             is
             of
             greater
             price
             and
             commodity
             then
             Corne
             any
             way
             can
             be
             ,
             especially
             adioyning
             vnto
             any
             place
             of
             fishing
             ,
             in
             respect
             of
             Nettes
             and
             other
             Engines
             ,
             which
             is
             to
             be
             made
             of
             the
             same
             ,
             and
             which
             being
             daily
             washed
             and
             consumed
             ,
             must
             likewise
             be
             daily
             replenished
             :
             You
             must
             first
             with
             astrong
             plow
             ,
             fit
             for
             the
             nature
             of
             such
             land
             ,
             plow
             vppe
             so
             much
             ground
             as
             you
             intend
             to
             sow
             Hempe
             or
             Flaxe
             vpon
             ,
             about
             the
             middest
             of
             May
             ,
             if
             the
             weather
             be
             seasonable
             ,
             and
             the
             ground
             not
             o
             hard
             :
             if
             otherwise
             ,
             you
             must
             stay
             till
             a
             shower
             doe
             fall
             ,
             and
             that
             the
             earth
             be
             moystened
             ,
             then
             shall
             you
             hacke
             it
             and
             breake
             the
             clottes
             in
             small
             pieces
             ,
             then
             with
             the
             salt
             Sea
             sand
             ,
             you
             shall
             sand
             it
             very
             plentifully
             ,
             but
             if
             that
             be
             not
             to
             be
             gotten
             ,
             and
             that
             you
             be
             very
             well
             assured
             of
             the
             naturall
             richaesse
             of
             the
             earth
             ,
             you
             shall
             then
             sand
             it
             with
             the
             best
             red
             sand
             you
             can
             get
             or
             find
             neare
             vnto
             you
             ,
             and
             vpon
             euery
             aker
             of
             ground
             you
             thus
             sand
             with
             fresh
             sand
             ,
             you
             shall
             sow
             three
             bushels
             of
             Bay-salt
             ,
             and
             then
             plow
             vp
             againe
             the
             earth
             ,
             
             sand
             and
             salt
             together
             ,
             which
             would
             be
             done
             about
             thelatter
             end
             of
             the
             yeare
             ,
             as
             after
             Michaelmas
             and
             so
             let
             the
             ground
             rest
             till
             seed
             time
             ;
             at
             which
             time
             you
             shall
             first
             before
             you
             plow
             it
             ,
             goe
             downe
             to
             the
             low
             rockes
             on
             which
             the
             sea
             beats
             ,
             and
             from
             thence
             with
             dragges
             and
             other
             Engines
             ,
             gather
             those
             broad
             leaued
             blacke
             weeds
             ,
             which
             are
             called
             Orewood
             ,
             and
             grow
             in
             great
             tufcs
             and
             abundance
             about
             the
             shoare
             ,
             and
             these
             weeds
             you
             shall
             bring
             to
             your
             Hemp-land
             ,
             and
             couer
             it
             all
             ouer
             with
             the
             same
             ,
             and
             then
             you
             shall
             plow
             it
             againe
             ,
             burying
             the
             weeds
             within
             the
             earth
             :
             And
             herein
             is
             to
             be
             obserued
             ,
             that
             in
             any
             wise
             you
             must
             lay
             these
             weeds
             as
             wet
             vpon
             the
             land
             ,
             as
             when
             you
             bring
             them
             out
             of
             the
             Sea
             ,
             prouided
             still
             that
             you
             adde
             no
             other
             wet
             vnto
             them
             but
             the
             salt
             water
             ,
             for
             so
             they
             are
             of
             all
             soiles
             or
             meanures
             whatsoeuer
             ,
             the
             only
             best
             and
             most
             fruitfullest
             ,
             and
             most
             especially
             for
             these
             seeds
             ,
             and
             breed
             an
             increase
             beyond
             expectation
             .
          
           
             When
             you
             haue
             thus
             plowed
             ouer
             the
             ground
             you
             shall
             then
             back
             it
             againe
             ,
             then
             sow
             it
             with
             either
             Hemp
             or
             Flaxe
             seed
             ,
             which
             you
             please
             ,
             and
             after
             it
             is
             so
             sown
             ,
             you
             shall
             then
             harrow
             it
             (
             and
             not
             before
             )
             and
             you
             shall
             be
             carefull
             to
             harrow
             it
             into
             as
             fine
             mould
             as
             you
             can
             ,
             and
             this
             mould
             is
             likely
             to
             runne
             fine
             enough
             ,
             as
             well
             by
             reason
             of
             the
             fertility
             ,
             as
             also
             of
             the
             mixture
             ;
             yet
             what
             clottes
             you
             cannot
             breake
             with
             your
             Harrowes
             ,
             those
             you
             shall
             breake
             with
             your
             clotting
             beetles
             ,
             and
             such
             like
             Tooles
             ,
             then
             after
             the
             first
             great
             shower
             which
             shall
             fall
             after
             your
             sowing
             ,
             you
             shall
             runne
             ouer
             your
             Land
             thus
             sowne
             with
             your
             backe
             harrowes
             ,
             that
             is
             with
             a
             paire
             of
             large
             Harrowes
             ,
             the
             wrong
             side
             turned
             vpward
             ,
             to
             wit
             ,
             the
             teeth
             turned
             from
             the
             earth
             ,
             and
             the
             backe
             towards
             the
             earth
             ,
             and
             if
             need
             
             be
             ,
             you
             shall
             lay
             vpon
             the
             harrowes
             some
             indifferent
             heauy
             piece
             of
             wood
             which
             may
             keepe
             the
             backe
             of
             the
             harrowes
             closer
             to
             the
             ground
             ,
             and
             so
             goe
             ouer
             all
             the
             earth
             ,
             and
             lay
             it
             as
             smooth
             and
             light
             as
             is
             possible
             ,
             without
             leauing
             the
             smallest
             clot
             that
             may
             be
             vnbroken
             .
          
           
             Now
             if
             the
             ground
             be
             sowne
             with
             Hempe
             ,
             you
             
             shall
             not
             thinke
             of
             weeding
             it
             at
             all
             ,
             because
             Hempe
             is
             so
             swift
             a
             grower
             ,
             and
             such
             a
             poyson
             vnto
             all
             weeds
             ,
             that
             it
             ouer-runneth
             ,
             choaketh
             ,
             and
             destroyeth
             them
             ;
             but
             if
             it
             be
             sowne
             with
             Flaxe
             or
             Lyne
             ,
             which
             is
             a
             much
             tenderer
             seed
             ,
             and
             bringeth
             forth
             more
             tender
             leaues
             and
             branches
             ,
             then
             you
             shall
             watch
             what
             weeds
             you
             see
             Spring
             vp
             ,
             and
             in
             their
             first
             growth
             pluck
             them
             vp
             and
             cast
             them
             away
             till
             you
             behold
             your
             Flaxe
             or
             Line
             to
             be
             growne
             aboue
             the
             weeds
             ,
             and
             then
             you
             may
             let
             it
             alone
             also
             ,
             for
             after
             it
             hath
             once
             gotten
             height
             ,
             it
             will
             not
             be
             ouergrowne
             with
             weeds
             .
          
           
             Now
             touching
             the
             other
             soile
             ,
             which
             through
             the
             extreame
             barrennesse
             thereof
             ,
             refuseth
             to
             bring
             forth
             
             any
             good
             fruit
             at
             all
             ;
             you
             shall
             in
             all
             points
             dresse
             it
             as
             you
             drest
             your
             plaine
             clayes
             discribed
             in
             the
             second
             Chapter
             of
             this
             booke
             ,
             beginning
             at
             the
             same
             time
             of
             the
             yeare
             that
             is
             then
             appointed
             ,
             or
             (
             if
             more
             necessary
             occasions
             hold
             you
             )
             if
             you
             begin
             latter
             it
             shall
             not
             be
             amisse
             ,
             and
             then
             at
             Michaelmas
             you
             shall
             plow
             it
             ouer
             the
             second
             time
             ,
             and
             meanure
             it
             with
             the
             sea
             weeds
             ,
             and
             so
             let
             it
             lye
             at
             rest
             vntill
             March
             (
             which
             is
             seed-time
             )
             and
             then
             plow
             it
             againe
             ,
             and
             meanure
             it
             with
             the
             sea
             weeds
             againe
             ,
             and
             after
             the
             plowing
             you
             shall
             hacke
             it
             ,
             and
             if
             in
             the
             hacking
             you
             find
             the
             earth
             stiffe
             and
             tough
             then
             you
             shall
             harrow
             it
             before
             you
             sow
             it
             ,
             then
             fow
             it
             and
             harrow
             it
             againe
             ,
             breaking
             the
             earth
             so
             small
             and
             
             laying
             it
             so
             smooth
             as
             possible
             you
             can
             ,
             vsing
             the
             help
             both
             of
             the
             clotting
             beetles
             and
             all
             other
             tooles
             which
             may
             be
             auaileable
             for
             the
             breaking
             of
             the
             earth
             ,
             and
             making
             the
             mould
             as
             fine
             as
             any
             ashes
             ,
             then
             after
             the
             first
             great
             shower
             of
             raine
             ,
             perceiuing
             the
             ground
             to
             be
             well
             moystned
             ,
             you
             shall
             insteed
             of
             the
             backe
             harrowes
             (
             which
             vpon
             this
             earth
             may
             be
             to
             light
             )
             take
             the
             great
             rouler
             which
             is
             discribed
             in
             the
             booke
             of
             the
             
               English
               Husbandman
            
             ,
             being
             a
             great
             round
             peece
             of
             Timber
             of
             many
             squares
             ,
             drawne
             either
             by
             Horse
             or
             Oxen
             but
             a
             single
             Horse
             is
             the
             best
             ,
             both
             in
             respect
             of
             much
             treading
             the
             ground
             ,
             as
             also
             for
             the
             swift
             going
             away
             or
             drawing
             of
             the
             same
             ;
             for
             the
             swifter
             it
             is
             drawne
             ,
             the
             better
             it
             breaketh
             the
             ground
             ,
             and
             the
             lighter
             it
             leaueth
             the
             mould
             :
             and
             with
             this
             Rouler
             you
             shall
             run
             ouer
             and
             smooth
             your
             ground
             very
             well
             ,
             leauing
             no
             clot
             vnbroken
             ,
             and
             so
             let
             it
             rest
             .
          
           
             As
             for
             the
             weeding
             of
             this
             ground
             ,
             you
             shall
             not
             respect
             
             it
             at
             all
             ,
             for
             naturally
             it
             will
             put
             vp
             no
             weed
             ,
             the
             very
             ground
             of
             it selfe
             being
             a
             very
             great
             enemy
             therunto
             ,
             nor
             shall
             you
             need
             to
             dresse
             this
             ground
             in
             the
             forme
             beforesaid
             ,
             aboue
             once
             in
             eight
             or
             ten
             yeeres
             ;
             onely
             euery
             seed-time
             when
             you
             plow
             it
             ,
             (
             as
             you
             shall
             not
             need
             to
             plow
             it
             at
             any
             time
             ,
             but
             seed-time
             onely
             )
             you
             shall
             before
             the
             plowing
             ,
             couer
             or
             meanure
             the
             land
             with
             the
             sea
             weed
             before
             spoken
             of
             ,
             which
             will
             giue
             strength
             enough
             to
             the
             ground
             ,
             without
             any
             other
             assistance
             .
          
           
             And
             thus
             much
             touching
             the
             inriching
             ,
             plowing
             ,
             and
             dressing
             of
             all
             manuer
             of
             barren
             earths
             ,
             of
             what
             nature
             or
             quality
             soeuer
             ,
             whereon
             you
             would
             sow
             Hempe
             or
             Flaxe
             .
          
        
         
           
           
             CHAP.
             XII
             .
          
           
             
               The
               manner
               of
               Stacking
               of
               all
               kinde
               of
               Graine
               or
               Pulse
               with
               greatest
               safety
               ,
               and
               least
               losse
               .
            
          
           
             IN
             these
             barren
             and
             hard
             countreyes
             of
             which
             I
             haue
             formerly
             written
             ,
             all
             sorts
             of
             buildings
             are
             exceeding
             costly
             and
             scarse
             ,
             both
             in
             respect
             of
             the
             clime
             which
             is
             commonly
             most
             extreame
             cold
             mountainous
             ,
             and
             much
             subi●…ct
             to
             storme
             and
             tempest
             ,
             as
             also
             through
             the
             great
             want
             of
             Wood
             and
             Timber
             ,
             which
             in
             those
             hard
             soyles
             doth
             hardly
             or
             neuer
             prosper
             ;
             and
             therefore
             in
             such
             places
             building
             must
             be
             both
             small
             and
             deare
             ,
             so
             that
             it
             will
             be
             very
             hard
             for
             the
             Hnsbandman
             to
             haue
             houseroome
             for
             all
             his
             Corne
             ,
             but
             that
             of
             necessity
             he
             must
             be
             inforced
             to
             Stacke
             much
             or
             the
             most
             part
             of
             his
             Corne
             without
             the
             dorcs
             ,
             which
             albeit
             it
             be
             a
             thing
             very
             vsuall
             in
             this
             Kingdome
             ;
             yet
             is
             it
             in
             many
             places
             so
             insufficiently
             done
             ,
             that
             the
             losse
             which
             redounds
             thereby
             (
             partly
             by
             the
             moisture
             of
             the
             ground
             ,
             which
             commonly
             doth
             rot
             and
             spoyle
             at
             least
             a
             yard
             thicknesse
             of
             the
             bottome
             of
             the
             Stacke
             next
             the
             ground
             ,
             and
             partly
             through
             myce
             ,
             Rats
             and
             other
             vermine
             ,
             which
             breeding
             in
             the
             Stacke
             ,
             doe
             eate
             and
             deuoure
             a
             great
             part
             thereof
             ;
             as
             also
             through
             many
             such
             like
             negligent
             causes
             )
             is
             greater
             then
             a
             good
             Husband
             may
             with
             his
             credit
             be
             guilty
             of
             ,
             or
             a
             profitable
             Husband
             will
             by
             any
             meanes
             suffer
             to
             be
             los●…
             so
             negligently
             .
          
           
             To
             shew
             then
             the
             manne●…
             how
             to
             Stacke
             or
             Moow
             your
             Corne
             without
             the
             dores
             ,
             in
             such
             sort
             ,
             as
             neither
             
             the
             ground
             shall
             rot
             it
             ,
             nor
             these
             vermines
             destroy
             it
             ,
             nor
             any
             other
             losse
             come
             to
             it
             by
             way
             of
             ill
             husbandry
             ,
             you
             shall
             first
             cause
             foure
             pieces
             of
             timber
             ,
             or
             foure
             stones
             to
             be
             hewed
             broad
             and
             round
             at
             the
             nether
             end
             and
             somewhat
             narrower
             and
             round
             at
             the
             vpper
             end
             like
             the
             fashion
             of
             a
             Sugerloafe
             ,
             or
             this
             figure
             ,
          
           
           
             And
             these
             pieces
             of
             wood
             or
             stone
             shal
             be
             in
             length
             three
             foot
             or
             thereabouts
             ,
             and
             in
             compasse
             or
             breadth
             at
             the
             bottome
             ,
             two
             foot
             ,
             or
             a
             foot
             and
             a
             halfe
             ,
             and
             at
             the
             top
             not
             aboue
             one
             foot
             ,
             these
             foure
             pieces
             of
             wood
             or
             stone
             ,
             you
             shall
             place
             in
             your
             stack-yard
             ,
             or
             other
             conuenient
             place
             near
             your
             thrashing-sloore
             ,
             and
             you
             shal
             place
             them
             four-square
             ,
             of
             an
             equall
             distance
             one
             from
             another
             ,
             then
             you
             shall
             cut
             out
             foure
             smooth
             boords
             of
             two
             inches
             and
             a
             halfe
             thick
             at
             the
             least
             ,
             and
             full
             three
             foot
             square
             euery
             way
             ,
             &
             these
             boords
             you
             shall
             lay
             vpon
             the
             heads
             or
             narrow
             tops
             of
             these
             stones
             or
             pieces
             of
             timber
             according
             to
             this
             figure
             .
          
           
           
             Then
             shall
             you
             take
             strong
             ouer-lyars
             of
             wood
             ,
             and
             lay
             them
             foure-square
             from
             one
             board
             to
             another
             ,
             according
             to
             this
             figure
             .
          
           
           
             And
             then
             vpon
             those
             ouer-lyars
             you
             shall
             lay
             other
             smaller
             poles
             cloffe
             one
             by
             another
             ,
             and
             then
             vpon
             them
             you
             shall
             Moow
             or
             Stacke
             all
             your
             Corne
             whether
             it
             be
             Wheate
             ,
             Barley
             ,
             Oates
             ,
             Pease
             ,
             or
             any
             other
             
             kinde
             of
             Graine
             ,
             and
             be
             sure
             if
             you
             make
             your
             Stacke
             handsome
             and
             vpright
             ,
             which
             consisteth
             in
             the
             Art
             and
             Workemanship
             of
             the
             Workeman
             ,
             you
             shall
             neuer
             receiue
             losse
             in
             your
             Cornes
             ,
             for
             the
             raising
             of
             it
             thus
             two
             or
             three
             foot
             from
             the
             ground
             will
             preserue
             it
             from
             all
             moysture
             or
             hurt
             thereof
             ,
             and
             the
             broade
             boards
             which
             couer
             the
             foure
             ground
             posts
             will
             not
             suffer
             any
             Myce
             orother
             vermine
             to
             ascend
             or
             come
             into
             the
             same
             .
          
           
             Now
             for
             the
             manner
             oflaying
             your
             Corne
             into
             the
             
             Stack
             ,
             you
             shall
             be
             sure
             to
             turne
             that
             part
             of
             the
             sheafe
             where
             the
             eares
             of
             the
             Corne
             lie
             euer
             inward
             into
             the
             Stacke
             ,
             and
             the
             other
             which
             is
             the
             straw
             end
             you
             shall
             euer
             turne
             outward
             ,
             and
             by
             that
             meanes
             you
             shall
             bee
             assured
             that
             no
             flying
             foule
             as
             Pygions
             ,
             Crowes
             and
             such
             like
             ,
             can
             doe
             you
             any
             hurt
             or
             annoyance
             vpon
             the
             same
             ;
             Lastly
             you
             shall
             vnderstand
             that
             you
             may
             make
             these
             stacks
             either
             round
             ,
             square
             ,
             or
             long-wise
             ,
             yet
             round
             is
             the
             safest
             ,
             and
             if
             you
             do
             make
             them
             longwise
             ,
             then
             you
             shall
             set
             them
             vpon
             sixe
             ground
             posts
             or
             eight
             ,
             according
             to
             the
             length
             and
             proportion
             you
             would
             haue
             it
             ,
             and
             after
             your
             Stacke
             is
             made
             ,
             you
             shall
             then
             thatche
             it
             very
             well
             to
             keepe
             out
             the
             wet
             ;
             also
             if
             when
             you
             doe
             stacke
             your
             wheat
             ,
             you
             doe
             top
             your
             Stacke
             with
             Oates
             or
             other
             course
             Graine
             ,
             it
             will
             be
             so
             much
             the
             better
             ,
             and
             the
             Wheat
             will
             lie
             in
             greater
             safety
             ,
             for
             no
             part
             of
             a
             Stacke
             well
             made
             ,
             especially
             a
             round
             stacke
             will
             so
             soone
             take
             wet
             or
             hurt
             ,
             as
             the
             top
             thereof
             .
          
           
             And
             thus
             much
             as
             touching
             the
             Stacking
             of
             Corne
             without
             dores
             in
             greatest
             safety
             .
          
        
         
           
           
             CHAP.
             XIII
             .
          
           
             
               The
               diseases
               and
               imperfections
               which
               happen
               to
               all
               manner
               of
               Graine
               .
            
          
           
             ALbeit
             the
             manner
             of
             stacking
             and
             laying
             vp
             of
             Corne
             or
             Grainein
             the
             forme
             before
             shewed
             ,
             may
             to
             euery
             one
             giue
             an
             affurance
             for
             the
             safe
             and
             profitable
             keeping
             thereof
             as
             long
             as
             it
             endureth
             therin
             ,
             and
             abideth
             in
             the
             eare
             ,
             yetbecause
             diuers
             necessities
             may
             compell
             the
             Husbandman
             to
             thrashe
             out
             his
             Corne
             ,
             as
             either
             for
             present
             vse
             of
             straw
             ,
             chaffe
             ,
             garbadge
             or
             other
             commodities
             needful
             vnto
             him
             (
             as
             the
             season
             of
             the
             yeare
             shall
             fall
             out
             )
             I
             thinke
             it
             most
             necessary
             in
             this
             place
             to
             shew
             how
             all
             manner
             of
             Graine
             and
             Pulse
             ,
             of
             what
             nature
             soeuer
             may
             most
             safely
             and
             profitably
             be
             kept
             from
             all
             manner
             of
             annoyances
             ,
             or
             corruptions
             whatsoeuer
             ,
             being
             a
             worke
             of
             that
             vtility
             and
             goodnesse
             ,
             that
             not
             any
             belonging
             to
             the
             Husbandman
             doth
             exceed
             it
             ;
             Nor
             shall
             it
             be
             sufficient
             to
             shew
             the
             offences
             and
             diseasses
             of
             Graine
             with
             their
             cures
             and
             healthfull
             preseruations
             ,
             whilst
             it
             is
             in
             the
             Husbandmans
             possession
             ,
             but
             also
             whilest
             it
             is
             in
             the
             earth
             ,
             and
             at
             the
             mercy
             of
             cold
             ,
             heat
             ,
             moystnesse
             or
             drynesse
             ,
             and
             not
             onely
             subiect
             to
             the
             malignant
             influ●…nces
             of
             starres
             and
             planets
             ,
             with
             the
             increasing
             and
             decreasing
             of
             the
             Moone
             and
             her
             operations
             .
             but
             also
             of
             diuers
             other
             hurtful
             vermines
             ,
             as
             birds
             ,
             wormes
             ,
             pissmires
             ,
             dorres
             ,
             snailes
             ,
             moales
             ,
             and
             other
             such
             like
             ;
             some
             whereof
             consume
             and
             deuour
             the
             graine
             ere
             it
             sprout
             ,
             others
             in
             sprouting
             when
             the
             kernell
             is
             rotten
             turned
             to
             a
             sweet
             substance
             ,
             and
             others
             after
             it
             is
             sprouted
             by
             deuouring
             the
             first
             tender
             leaues
             before
             they
             haue
             strength
             to
             appear
             aboue
             the
             earth
             ,
             being
             as
             itwere
             but
             
             soft
             white
             threds
             not
             changd
             into
             the
             strength
             of
             green
             because
             the
             aire
             &
             Sunne
             hath
             not
             yet
             lookt
             vpon
             it
             .
             To
             begin
             then
             with
             the
             first
             enemies
             of
             corne
             or
             grain
             
             after
             it
             is
             throwne
             into
             the
             earth
             ,
             there
             is
             none
             more
             noisome
             then
             crowes
             and
             choughs
             and
             other
             smaller
             birds
             ,
             which
             flocking
             after
             the
             seeds-man
             ,
             will
             in
             a
             maner
             deuour
             &
             gather
             vp
             the
             graine
             as
             fast
             as
             it
             is
             sowne
             ,
             for
             as
             according
             to
             the
             old
             saying
             ,
             
               That
               many
               hands
               make
               ●…ht
               work●…
            
             so
             many
             of
             their
             mouthes
             (
             being
             creatures
             that
             euer
             fly
             in
             flocks
             together
             )
             and
             their
             much
             nimblenes
             in
             deuouring
             ,
             soonerob
             the
             earth
             of
             her
             store
             ,
             and
             depriue
             the
             labouring
             Husbandman
             of
             very
             much
             profit
             ,
             and
             the
             graine
             which
             these
             creatures
             doe
             most
             consume
             ,
             is
             all
             manner
             of
             white
             corne
             ,
             as
             wheat
             of
             all
             kinds
             ,
             barley
             of
             all
             kinds
             ,
             rye
             &
             oats
             ,
             as
             also
             hempseed
             ,
             linseed
             ,
             rapeseed
             and
             such
             like
             :
             Neither
             are
             they
             onely
             offensiue
             during
             this
             time
             of
             sowing
             ,
             but
             also
             after
             it
             is
             sown
             and
             couered
             ,
             digging
             it
             with
             their
             strong
             bils
             out
             of
             the
             earth
             ,
             and
             so
             making
             the
             wast
             greater
             &
             greater
             .
          
           
             The
             prcuention
             or
             cure
             for
             this
             euill
             ,
             is
             diuers
             ,
             as
             the
             
             affections
             of
             people
             and
             customes
             of
             countreys
             do
             instruct
             them
             ,
             for
             some
             (
             especially
             the
             French
             men
             )
             vse
             when
             they
             sow
             these
             graines
             or
             seeds
             ,
             first
             to
             sprinkle
             it
             with
             the
             dregs
             or
             lees
             of
             their
             bitterest
             oyles
             ,
             which
             when
             these
             deuouring
             foules
             do
             tast
             ,
             they
             refuse
             to
             do
             any
             further
             hurt
             :
             Others
             vse
             to
             sow
             Pigeons
             dung
             or
             lyme
             with
             their
             seed
             ,
             which
             sticking
             vnto
             the
             grane
             ,
             the
             vnsauorines
             therof
             will
             make
             the
             sowle
             caft
             vp
             the
             graine
             againe
             ,
             and
             leaue
             to
             do
             further
             hurt
             ;
             But
             for
             as
             much
             as
             these
             medicines
             cannot
             euer
             be
             had
             ,
             nor
             are
             cuer
             wholesome
             for
             euery
             ground
             ,
             the
             only
             best
             and
             safest
             meanes
             to
             preuent
             this
             euil
             ,
             is
             to
             haue
             euer
             some
             yong
             boy
             with
             bow
             and
             arrowes
             to
             follow
             the
             seeds-man
             
             and
             Harrowes
             ,
             making
             a
             great
             noise
             and
             acclamation
             and
             shooting
             his
             arrowes
             where
             he
             shall
             see
             these
             deuourers
             light
             ,
             not
             ceassing
             but
             chassing
             them
             from
             the
             land
             ,
             and
             not
             suffering
             them
             at
             any
             time
             to
             light
             vpon
             the
             same
             ;
             and
             these
             seruants
             are
             called
             field-keepers
             or
             Crow-keepers
             ,
             being
             of
             no
             lesse
             vse
             and
             profit
             (
             for
             the
             time
             )
             then
             any
             other
             seruant
             whatsoeuer
             ,
             nor
             is
             it
             sufficient
             to
             haue
             these
             field-keepers
             for
             the
             bare
             time
             offeed
             onely
             whilst
             the
             Graine
             is
             in
             sowing
             ,
             but
             he
             shall
             also
             maintaine
             them
             till
             such
             time
             as
             you
             see
             the
             Graine
             appeare
             aboue
             the
             earth
             ,
             which
             for
             Wheat
             or
             Rye
             ,
             because
             they
             are
             Winter
             seeds
             ,
             and
             so
             longer
             in
             sprouting
             ,
             will
             aske
             a
             full
             moneth
             ,
             for
             all
             other
             seeds
             which
             are
             sowne
             in
             the
             Spring
             or
             Sommer
             ,
             a
             fortnight
             is
             full
             sufficient
             ;
             and
             this
             field-keeper
             shall
             not
             faile
             to
             be
             in
             the
             field
             an
             houre
             before
             Sunne
             in
             the
             morning
             ,
             and
             so
             continue
             till
             halfe
             an
             howre
             after
             Sun-set
             in
             the
             euening
             ;
             for
             at
             the
             rising
             and
             setting
             of
             the
             Sunne
             ,
             is
             euer
             done
             the
             greatest
             mischiefe
             ,
             for
             then
             are
             all
             creatures
             most
             eager
             &
             hungry
             :
             and
             though
             the
             indurance
             may
             promise
             much
             paine
             and
             trouble
             ,
             yet
             questionles
             the
             labour
             to
             any
             free
             spirit
             ,
             is
             both
             easie
             and
             pleasant
             ,
             and
             not
             without
             much
             necessary
             vse
             ,
             in
             as
             much
             as
             it
             makes
             him
             expert
             and
             cunning
             in
             the
             vse
             of
             his
             Bowe
             ,
             which
             howsoeuer
             musket
             shot
             in
             these
             dayes
             seemes
             to
             disgrace
             ,
             yet
             sure
             the
             very
             nature
             and
             quality
             of
             our
             Kingdome
             ,
             (
             being
             so
             muchplaine
             champion
             and
             vnfenced
             ,
             and
             our
             best
             strengths
             in
             our
             men
             ,
             not
             townes
             )
             will
             challenge
             it
             as
             a
             matter
             of
             great
             worth
             and
             consequence
             .
          
           
             The
             next
             great
             destroyers
             of
             Corne
             vnto
             these
             ,
             are
             
             your
             Pygeons
             ,
             which
             the
             wisdome
             of
             our
             nation
             ,
             hath
             so
             well
             found
             out
             that
             they
             haue
             prouided
             many
             
             wholesome
             Lawes
             for
             the
             restraint
             of
             the
             great
             multiplicity
             thereof
             ,
             for
             they
             are
             not
             onely
             great
             destroyers
             of
             Graine
             when
             it
             is
             going
             into
             the
             ground
             ,
             but
             also
             when
             it
             is
             gathered
             and
             Stackt
             ,
             tearing
             the
             thatche
             and
             other
             couerings
             ,
             and
             digging
             such
             hoales
             into
             Stackes
             and
             Reeks
             of
             Corne
             ,
             that
             the
             losse
             is
             most
             plaine
             and
             apparant
             ;
             Now
             the
             Graine
             to
             which
             these
             Pygeons
             are
             most
             offensiue
             ,
             albeit
             they
             are
             generally
             hurtfull
             to
             all
             kind
             of
             Corne
             ,
             yet
             they
             are
             especially
             most
             mischieuous
             vnto
             all
             sorts
             of
             Pulse
             ,
             as
             Beanes
             ,
             Pease
             ,
             Fetches
             ,
             Lentiles
             ,
             Lupyns
             ,
             Tare
             and
             such
             like
             .
          
           
             The
             cure
             or
             preuention
             against
             these
             kind
             of
             fowle
             ,
             
             when
             the
             Corne
             is
             going
             into
             the
             ground
             ,
             is
             the
             same
             formerly
             shewed
             for
             Crowes
             or
             Chouges
             ,
             without
             altering
             any
             circumstance
             ,
             onely
             if
             instead
             of
             the
             bow
             and
             arrow
             ,
             you
             doe
             vse
             a
             musket
             ,
             harquebush
             ,
             or
             fowling
             peece
             ,
             the
             report
             or
             noise
             where
             of
             is
             more
             terrible
             and
             fearfull
             ,
             you
             shall
             find
             the
             profit
             thereof
             a
             great
             deale
             more
             ,
             and
             that
             a
             shot
             or
             two
             of
             Powder
             wil
             saue
             more
             Corne
             ,
             then
             a
             whole
             weekes
             hooping
             and
             showting
             ;
             onely
             you
             must
             obserue
             by
             all
             meanes
             that
             your
             field-keeper
             shoot
             neither
             bullet
             nor
             haileshot
             ,
             for
             so
             he
             may
             turne
             scaring
             vnto
             killing
             ,
             and
             that
             may
             breed
             vnkindnesse
             from
             ,
             and
             iniury
             to
             your
             neighbours
             :
             Now
             touching
             the
             destruction
             that
             they
             make
             of
             Corne
             after
             it
             is
             stackt
             vp
             ,
             by
             tearing
             of
             the
             thatche
             ,
             and
             digging
             hoales
             and
             pits
             therein
             ,
             you
             shall
             obserue
             that
             as
             your
             Thatcher
             thatcheth
             the
             same
             ,
             that
             forthwith
             he
             throw
             great
             store
             of
             ashes
             of
             any
             kinde
             ,
             as
             either
             of
             wood
             or
             coale
             ,
             vpon
             the
             thatch
             ,
             orinstead
             of
             ashes
             to
             sprinkle
             all
             the
             thatch
             ouer
             with
             Lyme
             ,
             that
             as
             the
             foule
             (
             whether
             it
             be
             Pygeon
             ,
             Crow
             or
             any
             other
             )
             teareth
             vp
             the
             straw
             ,
             the
             lyme
             or
             ashes
             may
             sparkle
             into
             
             their
             eyes
             and-nares
             ,
             and
             by
             the
             noisomnesse
             thereof
             make
             them
             forbeare
             their
             wicked
             labours
             ,
             as
             for
             those
             parts
             of
             the
             Stacke
             which
             cannot
             be
             thatcht
             ,
             as
             the
             sides
             and
             ends
             thereof
             ,
             vpon
             them
             you
             shall
             pricke
             diuers
             scar-crowes
             ,
             as
             dead
             crowes
             ,
             or
             dead
             Pygeons
             ,
             or
             the
             proportion
             ,
             or
             shape
             of
             a
             man
             ,
             made
             either
             of
             thumb-ropes
             of
             hay
             or
             straw
             ,
             or
             else
             some
             old
             cast-away
             apparell
             stopt
             with
             straw
             and
             so
             with
             stakes
             fastened
             to
             fundry
             parts
             of
             the
             stack
             ,
             there
             be
             others
             which
             to
             remedy
             these
             euils
             ,
             make
             little
             clap
             mils
             of
             broken
             trenchers
             ,
             which
             blowne
             and
             turned
             about
             with
             the
             winde
             ,
             doe
             make
             such
             a
             continuall
             noyse
             ,
             that
             not
             any
             birde
             whatsoeuer
             dare
             come
             neare
             it
             .
          
           
             Now
             to
             conclude
             ,
             for
             the
             generall
             offence
             of
             these
             birds
             or
             any
             other
             whatsoeuer
             ,
             if
             you
             want
             ability
             to
             maintaine
             a
             field-keeper
             ,
             or
             thinke
             his
             labour
             might
             be
             better
             imploid
             in
             other
             seruices
             ,
             then
             the
             onely
             way
             to
             rid
             you
             of
             the
             losse
             and
             annoyance
             ,
             which
             come
             by
             these
             dcuouring
             birds
             ,
             is
             to
             take
             long
             lynes
             of
             packthred
             ,
             and
             in
             them
             to
             knit
             diuers
             feathers
             ,
             especially
             white
             ones
             ,
             and
             with
             little
             stakes
             so
             to
             fasten
             them
             ouer
             the
             Corne
             you
             would
             saue
             ,
             that
             with
             euery
             breath
             of
             winde
             the
             feathers
             may
             dance
             ,
             turne
             and
             moue
             about
             ,
             and
             the
             nearer
             that
             these
             blinks
             or
             strawes
             come
             to
             the
             ground
             ,
             when
             the
             Corne
             is
             new
             sowne
             ,
             so
             much
             the
             better
             it
             is
             least
             the
             foule
             finding
             away
             to
             creepe
             vnderthem
             ,
             begin
             not
             to
             respect
             them
             ,
             so
             that
             a
             hand
             or
             two
             from
             the
             ground
             is
             sufficient
             ,
             prouided
             that
             the
             feathers
             ,
             and
             scarres
             haue
             liberty
             to
             play
             .
          
           
             But
             if
             it
             be
             to
             saue
             Corne
             in
             the
             ripening
             ,
             that
             is
             to
             say
             ,
             a
             little
             before
             it
             be
             reapt
             ,
             when
             the
             eare
             begins
             to
             
             harden
             ,
             or
             when
             it
             lyeth
             in
             single
             sheafe
             vpon
             the
             land
             for
             then
             fowle
             and
             birds
             doe
             as
             great
             mischiefe
             ,
             as
             at
             
             any
             other
             season
             ,
             it
             shall
             then
             be
             fit
             that
             you
             raise
             these
             lines
             or
             scarres
             vpon
             higher
             stakes
             ,
             so
             as
             they
             may
             play
             as
             much
             aboue
             the
             toppes
             of
             the
             eares
             of
             corne
             as
             before
             they
             did
             aboue
             the
             earth
             :
             and
             amongst
             these
             scars
             thus
             made
             vpon
             lines
             in
             sundry
             parts
             of
             the
             field
             ,
             you
             shall
             vpon
             other
             stakes
             place
             many
             other
             bigger
             scars
             ,
             as
             dead
             crowes
             ,
             pies
             ,
             gleades
             ,
             pigeons
             ,
             or
             such
             like
             ;
             as
             also
             the
             proportions
             of
             man
             formerly
             shewed
             you
             ,
             or
             any
             rags
             of
             cloth
             being
             black
             ,
             foule
             ,
             &
             vgly
             like
             bakers
             malkins
             ,
             &
             than
             this
             ;
             there
             is
             no
             saffer
             way
             for
             the
             defence
             of
             grain
             or
             corne
             from
             these
             birds
             ;
             &
             such
             like
             .
          
           
             The
             next
             great
             deuowrers
             or
             consumers
             of
             graine
             
             are
             Pismiers
             or
             Ants
             ,
             which
             although
             it
             be
             but
             a
             little
             creature
             ,
             yet
             it
             is
             so
             laborsome
             ,
             that
             the
             graine
             which
             they
             carry
             away
             or
             destroy
             by
             eating
             ,
             amounteth
             to
             a
             great
             quantitie
             ,
             and
             the
             mischiefe
             which
             these
             little
             vermins
             do
             ,
             is
             after
             the
             corn
             is
             couered
             in
             the
             ground
             ,
             and
             before
             it
             sprout
             ,
             for
             they
             creeping
             in
             at
             the
             little
             chinks
             of
             the
             earth
             ,
             &
             finding
             the
             corne
             ,
             either
             drag
             it
             out
             ,
             or
             eat
             it
             ;
             so
             that
             it
             cannot
             grow
             ,
             &
             the
             grain
             which
             they
             most
             hurt
             ,
             is
             all
             manner
             of
             white
             corne
             ,
             especially
             your
             finest
             and
             smallest
             wheat
             ,
             for
             the
             skin
             or
             hull
             is
             thinnest
             ,
             and
             the
             kirnell
             whitest
             &
             sweetest
             :
             also
             to
             barley
             they
             do
             much
             hurt
             ,
             especially
             ,
             that
             which
             is
             fullest
             &
             best
             ,
             and
             likewise
             to
             rie
             ,
             hemp
             seed
             ,
             lin
             seed
             ,
             and
             rape
             seed
             ;
             as
             for
             oats
             ,
             because
             it
             is
             double
             hulld
             ,
             &
             also
             your
             great
             hole
             straw
             wheat
             &
             polard
             wheat
             which
             is
             thick
             huld
             ,
             their
             hurt
             is
             not
             so
             much
             to
             them
             ,
             &
             vnto
             pulse
             nothing
             at
             all
             ,
             because
             they
             are
             too
             heauy
             ,
             too
             thicke
             skind
             ,
             and
             too
             bitter
             in
             taste
             .
          
           
             The
             best
             cure
             or
             preuention
             for
             these
             pismires
             is
             to
             
             search
             your
             corn
             fields
             wel
             ,
             especially
             vnder
             hedges
             &
             old
             trees
             ,
             and
             on
             the
             tops
             of
             moale-hilles
             ,
             and
             if
             you
             
             find
             any
             beds
             or
             hils
             of
             Ants
             or
             Pismyres
             ,
             presently
             after
             Sun-setting
             with
             hot
             scolding
             water
             to
             drownd
             the
             beds
             or
             hils
             ,
             or
             with
             wet
             straw
             and
             fire
             to
             make
             such
             a
             smoake
             vpon
             them
             as
             may
             smoother
             them
             to
             death
             ,
             also
             if
             you
             meanure
             your
             Corne
             lands
             with
             ashes
             ,
             lime
             or
             salt
             sand
             ,
             you
             shall
             be
             well
             assured
             it
             will
             neuer
             breed
             Pismires
             .
          
           
             Next
             vnto
             these
             your
             Dores
             ,
             or
             great
             black
             Clocks
             
             are
             vehement
             destroyers
             of
             all
             kind
             of
             Corne
             both
             white
             corne
             and
             Pulse
             ,
             whilst
             it
             lyeth
             dry
             in
             the
             earth
             ,
             and
             before
             it
             sprout
             ,
             for
             after
             it
             beginneth
             to
             rot
             ,
             they
             doe
             no
             more
             touch
             it
             ,
             and
             these
             Dores
             destroy
             it
             in
             the
             same
             manner
             as
             the
             Pysmyres
             doc
             by
             creeping
             in
             at
             the
             small
             crauies
             of
             the
             earth
             ,
             and
             finding
             the
             graine
             doe
             as
             long
             as
             it
             is
             dry
             feed
             thereon
             ,
             and
             though
             they
             are
             no
             hoarders
             or
             gatherers
             together
             of
             the
             graine
             ,
             keeping
             it
             in
             heapes
             in
             dry
             places
             as
             the
             Pismyres
             and
             other
             vermine
             doc
             ,
             yet
             they
             are
             great
             feeders
             thereon
             and
             that
             continually
             ,
             besides
             they
             will
             euer
             chuse
             out
             the
             fullest
             and
             best
             Corne
             ,
             and
             leaue
             the
             leaner
             ;
             wherby
             they
             doe
             the
             Husbandman
             a
             double
             in●…ury
             ,
             as
             first
             to
             deuoure
             ,
             and
             then
             to
             deuoure
             but
             the
             best
             onely
             .
          
           
             The
             care
             or
             preuention
             for
             these
             Dores
             or
             blacke
             
             Clocks
             ,
             is
             in
             seed-time
             to
             make
             great
             smoakes
             in
             your
             corne-fields
             ,
             which
             will
             presently
             chase
             them
             from
             thence
             ,
             for
             they
             are
             the
             greatest
             enemies
             that
             may
             be
             to
             all
             manner
             of
             smoake
             ;
             but
             if
             that
             be
             not
             sufficient
             ,
             then
             immediately
             before
             you
             sow
             your
             Corne
             ,
             you
             shall
             very
             lightly
             sow
             your
             land
             with
             sharpe
             lime
             ,
             and
             whensoeuer
             the
             Dore
             shall
             find
             the
             smell
             or
             taste
             therof
             ,
             presently
             he
             wil
             depart
             ,
             or
             if
             he
             eat
             of
             the
             grain
             that
             toucheth
             the
             lyme
             ,
             it
             is
             as
             present
             poyson
             vnto
             him
             ,
             and
             he
             there
             dyeth
             .
          
           
           
             After
             these
             your
             field
             Rats
             and
             Myce
             ,
             are
             very
             vehement
             
             destroyers
             of
             all
             manner
             of
             Graine
             or
             seeds
             before
             they
             sprout
             ,
             especially
             all
             sorts
             of
             wheate
             ,
             and
             all
             sorts
             of
             pulse
             ,
             because
             for
             the
             most
             part
             those
             kinde
             of
             graines
             in
             many
             soyles
             are
             sowne
             vnder
             furrow
             ,
             and
             not
             harrowed
             ,
             so
             that
             the
             furrowes
             at
             first
             lying
             ,
             a
             little
             hollow
             ,
             these
             vermines
             ,
             getting
             in
             betweene
             the
             earth
             and
             them
             ,
             will
             not
             onely
             deuoure
             and
             eat
             a
             great
             part
             of
             the
             graine
             ,
             but
             also
             gather
             together
             great
             heapes
             thereof
             into
             their
             nests
             ,
             as
             is
             often
             seene
             when
             at
             any
             time
             their
             nests
             are
             found
             ,
             some
             hauing
             more
             ,
             some
             lesse
             ,
             according
             to
             their
             labours
             ;
             And
             albeit
             in
             other
             soyles
             where
             the
             graine
             is
             sowne
             aboue
             furrow
             ,
             and
             so
             harrowed
             in
             and
             laide
             much
             more
             closse
             and
             safe
             ,
             they
             cannot
             doe
             so
             much
             hurt
             as
             in
             the
             former
             ,
             yet
             euen
             in
             these
             they
             will
             with
             their
             feet
             digge
             out
             the
             corne
             in
             great
             abundance
             ,
             and
             though
             in
             lesse
             measure
             ,
             yet
             doe
             hurt
             that
             is
             vnsufferable
             ;
             so
             that
             to
             conclude
             ,
             neither
             Rye
             ,
             Barley
             ,
             Oates
             ,
             nor
             any
             other
             smaller
             and
             more
             tender
             seeds
             are
             free
             from
             their
             annoyance
             and
             destruction
             .
          
           
             Now
             the
             cure
             and
             preuention
             for
             these
             fielde
             Rats
             and
             Mice
             are
             diuers
             ,
             according
             to
             the
             opinions
             of
             diuers
             authors
             ,
             and
             diuers
             of
             our
             best
             experienst
             Husbandmen
             ;
             for
             some
             vse
             in
             the
             Dogge
             dayes
             ,
             or
             Canicular
             dayes
             when
             the
             fieldes
             are
             commonly
             bare
             ,
             to
             search
             out
             the
             holes
             and
             nests
             of
             these
             Rats
             and
             Mice
             ,
             which
             are
             easily
             knowne
             ,
             being
             little
             round
             holes
             in
             the
             earth
             made
             so
             round
             and
             artificially
             as
             if
             they
             were
             made
             with
             an
             Auger
             ,
             no
             bigger
             then
             the
             body
             of
             the
             Creature
             that
             was
             to
             lye
             in
             it
             ;
             and
             into
             these
             holes
             they
             vse
             to
             put
             a
             few
             Hemblock
             seeds
             ,
             of
             which
             when
             the
             beast
             tasts
             it
             is
             present
             death
             vnto
             them
             :
             Others
             
             vse
             to
             sprinkle
             vpon
             the
             land
             ,
             Hellebere
             or
             neesing
             pouder
             mixt
             with
             Barley
             meale
             ,
             of
             which
             the
             myce
             and
             Rats
             will
             greedily
             feed
             ,
             and
             it
             is
             deadly
             bane
             and
             present
             death
             vnto
             them
             ;
             Lastly
             ,
             (
             and
             which
             is
             the
             best
             medicine
             ,
             if
             you
             take
             a
             good
             quantity
             of
             ordinary
             greene
             glasse
             beaten
             to
             pouder
             ,
             and
             as
             much
             copporas
             or
             vitriall
             beaten
             also
             to
             pound
             and
             mixe
             them
             with
             course
             honey
             ,
             till
             it
             come
             to
             a
             paste
             ,
             and
             then
             lay
             it
             in
             the
             holes
             ,
             and
             most
             fuspicious
             places
             ,
             and
             it
             will
             neither
             leaue
             Rat
             nor
             Mouse
             about
             all
             your
             fields
             ,
             but
             fodainely
             destroy
             them
             .
          
           
             The
             next
             great
             destroyers
             of
             Corne
             and
             Graine
             ,
             are
             
             wormes
             ,
             and
             they
             destroy
             it
             in
             the
             sprouting
             ,
             then
             when
             the
             ground
             hath
             rotted
             it
             ,
             and
             the
             white
             or
             milky
             substance
             breaking
             open
             the
             vpper
             huske
             ,
             shooteth
             forth
             in
             little
             white
             threds
             at
             both
             ends
             ,
             vpon
             which
             whilest
             it
             is
             so
             moyst
             and
             tender
             the
             worme
             feedeth
             extreamly
             ,
             &
             so
             deuouring
             vp
             the
             substance
             or
             sperm
             ,
             is
             the
             cause
             that
             the
             Corne
             cannot
             grow
             or
             get
             out
             of
             the
             ground
             ,
             and
             these
             wormes
             being
             as
             it
             were
             the
             maine
             citiz●…ns
             within
             the
             earth
             are
             so
             innumerable
             that
             the
             losse
             which
             is
             bred
             by
             them
             is
             infinite
             .
          
           
             Now
             the
             cure
             or
             preuention
             for
             these
             wormes
             is
             diuersly
             
             taken
             ;
             for
             some
             husbandmen
             vse
             ,
             but
             onely
             to
             strike
             into
             the
             plow
             rest
             ,
             and
             vnder
             the
             lowest
             edge
             of
             the
             shelbord
             certaine
             crooked
             spikes
             of
             yron
             or
             great
             nailes
             halfe
             driuen
             in
             ,
             and
             turned
             backe
             againe
             ,
             with
             which
             as
             the
             plow
             runs
             tearing
             in
             the
             ground
             ,
             &
             turnes
             vp
             the
             furrow
             ,
             those
             pices
             of
             yron
             kil
             and
             teare
             in
             pieces
             all
             such
             wormes
             as
             are
             either
             within
             or
             vnder
             the
             furrowes
             that
             the
             plow
             castsvp
             ,
             and
             this
             is
             sure
             a
             very
             good
             husbandly
             practise
             ,
             but
             not
             sufficient
             for
             the
             destroying
             of
             such
             a
             secret
             hurtfull
             vermine
             which
             is
             so
             
             innumerable
             ,
             and
             lies
             so
             much
             concealed
             ;
             therefore
             more
             curious
             husbands
             vse
             besides
             this
             helpe
             of
             the
             plow
             ,
             to
             take
             oxe
             dung
             and
             mixe
             it
             with
             straw
             ,
             &
             then
             to
             burne
             it
             vpon
             the
             land
             ,
             making
             a
             great
             smoke
             ouer
             all
             the
             land
             ,
             immediately
             before
             you
             plow
             it
             for
             seed
             ,
             and
             it
             is
             thought
             that
             this
             will
             kil
             all
             the
             worms
             which
             lie
             so
             hie
             in
             the
             earth
             ,
             as
             to
             hurt
             the
             Corne
             ;
             Others
             vse
             before
             they
             make
             either
             the
             mixture
             or
             the
             smoak
             to
             wet
             the
             straw
             in
             strong
             lie
             ,
             and
             then
             adding
             it
             to
             the
             dung
             ,
             the
             smoake
             will
             be
             so
             much
             the
             stronger
             and
             the
             worms
             killed
             the
             sooner
             ,
             or
             if
             you
             Sprinkle
             strong
             lie
             vp
             on
             your
             seed
             before
             you
             sow
             it
             ,
             there
             is
             not
             any
             worm
             that
             will
             touch
             the
             graine
             after
             ;
             Also
             if
             you
             take
             hemp
             and
             boyle
             it
             in
             water
             ,
             &
             with
             that
             water
             sprinkle
             your
             seed
             before
             you
             sow
             it
             ,
             not
             any
             worme
             will
             come
             near
             to
             touch
             it
             .
             Yet
             it
             is
             to
             be
             obserued
             in
             this
             rule
             of
             wetting
             
             your
             seed
             Corne
             ,
             that
             by
             no
             means
             you
             must
             wet
             your
             seed
             Rye
             ,
             for
             it
             is
             a
             graine
             so
             warme
             and
             tender
             that
             it
             will
             neither
             endure
             cold
             ,
             wet
             ,
             nor
             stiffe
             ground
             insomuch
             that
             the
             plowman
             hath
             a
             prouerbe
             ,
             that
             Rie
             wil
             drownd
             in
             the
             hopper
             ,
             that
             is
             to
             say
             ,
             it
             must
             neither
             be
             sown
             on
             wet
             ground
             ,
             nor
             in
             a
             wet
             day
             ,
             since
             present
             shewers
             are
             apt
             to
             destroy
             it
             ;
             lastly
             ,
             it
             is
             thoght
             that
             oft
             plowing
             of
             your
             ground
             in
             the
             wane
             of
             the
             mooneis
             a
             very
             good
             meanes
             to
             destroy
             wormes
             ,
             touching
             that
             practise
             which
             many
             vse
             ,
             to
             gather
             the
             wormes
             from
             their
             lands
             at
             Sun-rise
             ,
             &
             sun-set
             in
             bright
             dewy
             mornings
             when
             the
             worms
             coople
             aboue
             the
             earth
             ,
             I
             hold
             it
             more
             fit
             for
             small
             gardens
             then
             large
             Corne-fields
             .
          
           
             The
             next
             great
             destroyers
             of
             Corne
             are
             Snailes
             and
             
             they
             destroy
             it
             after
             it
             is
             sprouted
             ,
             seeding
             vpon
             therender
             white
             threds
             and
             rions
             which
             start
             from
             the
             seed
             &
             woldrise
             aboue
             the
             earth
             ,
             being
             the
             stem
             or
             stalk
             on
             
             which
             the
             eares
             should
             grow
             (
             were
             it
             not
             deuoured
             and
             eaten
             vp
             by
             these
             Snailes
             ,
             and
             such
             like
             vermine
             )
             as
             so
             one
             as
             it
             begins
             to
             peepe
             vp
             ,
             or
             as
             it
             were
             but
             to
             open
             the
             earth
             ,
             whereby
             it
             is
             driuen
             backe
             and
             forced
             to
             dye
             in
             the
             earth
             :
             for
             these
             creatures
             sucking
             vpon
             the
             tender
             sweetnesse
             ,
             deprine
             it
             both
             of
             life
             and
             nourishment
             .
          
           
             The
             cure
             and
             preuention
             for
             this
             euillis
             to
             take
             the
             
             soot
             of
             a
             Chimney
             ,
             and
             after
             your
             Corne
             hath
             been
             sowne
             a
             weeke
             ,
             or
             ten
             dayes
             ,
             or
             within
             two
             or
             three
             dayes
             after
             the
             first
             shower
             of
             raine
             which
             shall
             fall
             after
             the
             Corne
             is
             sowne
             ;
             you
             shall
             sow
             this
             soot
             of
             the
             Chimney
             thinIy
             ouer
             the
             land
             ,
             and
             not
             a
             Snayle
             will
             indure
             to
             come
             thereon
             :
             Others
             vse
             (
             especially
             in
             France
             and
             those
             more
             fertill
             Countres
             )
             to
             take
             common
             Oyle
             lees
             ,
             and
             after
             the
             Corne
             hath
             beene
             sowne
             and
             is
             ready
             to
             appeare
             aboue
             ground
             ,
             to
             sprinkle
             it
             all
             ouer
             the
             Lands
             ,
             by
             which
             meanes
             no
             Snaile
             or
             such
             like
             creature
             will
             indure
             to
             come
             neere
             the
             same
             .
          
           
             The
             next
             great
             destroyer
             of
             Corne
             is
             accounted
             
             the
             Grashopper
             ,
             and
             he
             also
             destroyeth
             it
             after
             it
             is
             sprouted
             &
             appeareth
             aboue
             the
             ground
             as
             the
             Snaile
             doth
             ,
             but
             somewhat
             more
             greedily
             ,
             for
             he
             not
             onely
             feedeth
             on
             the
             tender
             white
             strings
             ,
             b●…t
             vpon
             the
             first
             greene
             leaues
             that
             appeare
             also
             ;
             by
             which
             meanes
             the
             Corne
             is
             not
             able
             to
             spring
             or
             bring
             foorth
             a
             steme
             or
             stalke
             to
             beare
             the
             eare
             vpon
             ;
             or
             ifit
             doe
             put
             forth
             any
             ,
             yet
             it
             it
             is
             so
             small
             ,
             weake
             and
             wretched
             ,
             that
             the
             eare
             growing
             on
             the
             same
             ,
             is
             withered
             and
             leane
             ,
             and
             the
             graine
             dry
             and
             blasted
             ,
             and
             no
             better
             then
             chaffe
             ;
             nor
             is
             there
             any
             Corne
             that
             scapeth
             the
             destruction
             of
             the
             Grashoper
             ,
             for
             he
             generally
             seedeth
             
             on
             all
             :
             first
             ,
             on
             Wheate
             and
             Rye
             ,
             because
             they
             are
             the
             earliest
             ,
             then
             on
             Barley
             and
             Oates
             ,
             and
             lastly
             on
             Pulse
             ,
             vppon
             whose
             leafe
             and
             blossom
             he
             feedeth
             whilst
             the
             first
             is
             sweet
             and
             pleasant
             or
             the
             other
             greene
             .
          
           
             Now
             the
             cure
             or
             preuention
             for
             these
             Creatures
             
             is
             according
             to
             the
             opinion
             of
             some
             Husband-men
             to
             take
             Wormewood
             and
             boyle
             it
             well
             in
             water
             ,
             'till
             the
             strength
             of
             the
             Wormwood
             be
             gone
             thereinto
             ,
             and
             then
             with
             that
             water
             in
             the
             month
             of
             May
             to
             sprinckell
             all
             your
             Corne
             ouer
             when
             the
             Sunne
             is
             rising
             or
             setting
             :
             and
             not
             any
             Grashopper
             will
             come
             neare
             or
             anoy
             the
             same
             .
             Others
             vse
             in
             steed
             of
             wormwood
             to
             boyle
             Century
             ,
             and
             to
             vse
             the
             water
             thereof
             in
             the
             same
             manner
             as
             afore
             said
             ,
             and
             findean
             equall
             and
             like
             proffit
             in
             the
             same
             ,
             but
             it
             is
             most
             certaine
             that
             any
             bitter
             decoction
             whatsoeuer
             vsed
             and
             applyed
             as
             aforesaid
             will
             not
             leaue
             one
             Grashopper
             about
             your
             fieldes
             ,
             for
             any
             bitternesse
             is
             such
             an
             enemie
             vnto
             them
             that
             they
             cannot
             liue
             where
             they
             feele
             any
             taste
             thereof
             .
          
           
             The
             last
             offence
             of
             liuing
             Creatures
             belonging
             to
             
             Corne
             or
             Graine
             are
             Moales
             ,
             which
             not
             onely
             feed
             vpon
             it
             after
             it
             is
             sprouted
             and
             spindled
             by
             eating
             vp
             the
             roots
             thereof
             ,
             and
             so
             consequently
             by
             killing
             the
             whole
             Corne
             :
             but
             also
             by
             their
             digging
             and
             vndermining
             of
             the
             earth
             ,
             doe
             not
             root
             vp
             the
             Corne
             and
             destroy
             it
             ,
             in
             most
             wonderfull
             manner
             ,
             for
             where
             they
             make
             their
             haunts
             ,
             or
             are
             suffered
             to
             digge
             ,
             there
             they
             will
             destroy
             almost
             halfe
             an
             acre
             in
             a
             day
             ,
             neither
             make
             they
             choice
             ,
             either
             of
             ground
             or
             Grain
             ,
             for
             all
             grounds
             and
             all
             Graines
             are
             alike
             ,
             if
             the
             ground
             be
             not
             too
             wet
             ,
             or
             subiect
             to
             inundation
             or
             ouerflowes
             (
             as
             for
             the
             most
             
             part
             Corne
             grounds
             are
             not
             )
             for
             aboue
             all
             things
             moales
             cannot
             indure
             wet
             ground
             or
             earth
             of
             too
             moyst
             quality
             .
          
           
             Now
             the
             best
             cure
             or
             preuention
             against
             these
             creatures
             
             is
             to
             find
             out
             their
             trenches
             and
             passages
             which
             are
             most
             plaine
             and
             casie
             to
             be
             knowne
             by
             the
             turning
             vp
             of
             the
             new
             earth
             ,
             and
             digging
             crosse
             holes
             in
             the
             same
             ,
             to
             watch
             either
             the
             going
             forth
             ,
             or
             the
             comming
             backe
             of
             the
             Moale
             ,
             and
             when
             you
             see
             her
             cast
             to
             strike
             her
             with
             an
             yron
             forke
             made
             of
             many
             graines
             ,
             as
             eight
             or
             fixe
             at
             the
             least
             ,
             and
             so
             to
             kill
             and
             destroy
             them
             ;
             which
             still
             is
             so
             generally
             knowne
             amongst
             Husbandmen
             ,
             that
             it
             is
             become
             a
             trade
             and
             occupation
             amongst
             them
             ,
             so
             that
             it
             needs
             no
             further
             description
             ,
             &
             the
             rather
             in
             as
             much
             as
             for
             iii.
             d.
             or
             iiii
             .
             d.
             a
             score
             ,
             you
             may
             haue
             any
             ground
             cleansed
             of
             Moales
             whatsoeuer
             ;
             Now
             there
             be
             some
             others
             which
             haue
             not
             this
             art
             of
             killing
             ,
             or
             catching
             of
             Moales
             ,
             which
             onely
             doe
             take
             brimstone
             and
             wet
             stinking
             straw
             or
             any
             thing
             els
             that
             will
             make
             a
             stinking
             smoake
             ,
             and
             putting
             fire
             thereto
             ,
             smoake
             all
             the
             places
             of
             their
             haunts
             ,
             and
             by
             that
             meanes
             driue
             them
             all
             cleane
             away
             from
             the
             Corne
             lands
             ;
             many
             otherpractices
             they
             haue
             ,
             but
             none
             so
             good
             ,
             certaine
             and
             probable
             as
             these
             already
             declared
             .
          
           
             Thus
             far
             I
             haue
             spoken
             of
             those
             offences
             which
             proceed
             
             from
             liuing
             creatures
             ,
             I
             will
             now
             intreat
             of
             these
             which
             come
             and
             grow
             from
             the
             influence
             of
             the
             heauens
             ,
             being
             malignant
             vapours
             which
             striking
             into
             the
             erathdo
             alter
             the
             sweet
             &
             pleasant
             nourishment
             therof
             ,
             and
             change
             in
             into
             bitternesse
             and
             rottennesse
             ,
             whereby
             the
             Corne
             is
             either
             ssaine
             outright
             ,
             withered
             and
             made
             leane
             and
             vnkindly
             ,
             or
             else
             the
             kernell
             turned
             to
             
             a
             filthy
             blacknesse
             being
             bitter
             ,
             dry
             and
             dusty
             like
             vnto
             
             smoake
             ,
             which
             the
             Husbandman
             calleth
             smuttines
             or
             mildewing
             ,
             and
             yet
             this
             smuttinesse
             or
             mildewing
             commeth
             another
             way
             ,
             as
             namely
             by
             ouerrankenesse
             or
             to
             much
             fatnesse
             of
             the
             earth
             ,
             and
             this
             hapneth
             most
             commonly
             only
             to
             wheat
             ,
             for
             if
             blacknes
             happen
             to
             any
             other
             graine
             ,
             it
             commeth
             of
             blastings
             or
             other
             malice
             of
             the
             starres
             ,
             for
             ranknesse
             of
             the
             ground
             in
             Barley
             ,
             Rye
             or
             Oates
             onely
             makes
             them
             lye
             flat
             to
             the
             ground
             ,
             the
             stalke
             not
             being
             able
             to
             support
             the
             multiplicity
             of
             the
             eares
             ,
             and
             so
             by
             that
             means
             the
             grain
             wanting
             his
             true
             nourishment
             ,
             growes
             light
             ,
             withered
             ,
             and
             of
             no
             validity
             ;
             now
             that
             this
             is
             most
             easie
             to
             be
             found
             out
             ,
             the
             ranknes
             of
             the
             growing
             corne
             ,
             rising
             as
             it
             were
             in
             close
             bundles
             together
             ,
             and
             the
             deepe
             blacknesse
             of
             the
             greene
             blades
             will
             with
             small
             trauell
             shew
             you
             .
             
          
           
             This
             to
             cure
             and
             preuent
             it
             shall
             be
             good
             before
             you
             sow
             your
             Graine
             ,
             to
             sow
             your
             land
             lightly
             ouer
             with
             fine
             chalke
             for
             that
             will
             abate
             his
             ouer-ranknesse
             .
          
           
             To
             proceed
             then
             to
             the
             other
             imperfections
             
             which
             doe
             happen
             from
             the
             skies
             ,
             I
             hold
             haile
             in
             the
             formost
             ranke
             ,
             which
             with
             his
             violence
             beateth
             downe
             the
             Corne
             flat
             to
             the
             ground
             ,
             and
             bruiseth
             the
             reede
             so
             in
             pieces
             that
             the
             Corne
             not
             able
             to
             rise
             vp
             againe
             ,
             there
             lyes
             and
             rotteth
             ,
             or
             else
             withereth
             to
             nothing
             .
          
           
             The
             cure
             and
             preuention
             of
             this
             euill
             (
             according
             
             to
             the
             opinion
             of
             the
             French
             Husbandmen
             )
             is
             to
             take
             the
             white
             Vine
             ,
             and
             to
             plant
             it
             in
             diuers
             parts
             of
             your
             Corne-fields
             ,
             and
             it
             will
             deffend
             the
             Graine
             from
             this
             annoyance
             of
             haile
             ;
             or
             if
             your
             soyle
             be
             such
             as
             the
             white
             vine
             will
             not
             grow
             therein
             ,
             if
             then
             you
             take
             
             but
             branches
             therof
             ,
             and
             strike
             them
             in
             diuers
             parts
             of
             your
             lands
             ,
             it
             is
             thought
             that
             no
             haile
             will
             at
             any
             time
             do
             offence
             to
             your
             corne
             ;
             Others
             vse
             to
             take
             an
             Owle
             ,
             and
             to
             fasten
             her
             legs
             into
             a
             post
             in
             the
             midst
             of
             your
             Corne
             field
             and
             her
             wings
             extended
             and
             spread
             forth
             to
             the
             vttermost
             ,
             and
             so
             abiding
             whilst
             the
             Corne
             groweth
             ,
             no
             hurt
             shall
             come
             to
             your
             Corne
             by
             haile
             .
          
           
             The
             next
             mischiefe
             which
             commet●…
             to
             corne
             ,
             is
             by
             
             lightning
             ,
             which
             is
             a
             violent
             opening
             or
             flashing
             of
             the
             ayre
             ,
             being
             an
             erruption
             of
             swift
             fire
             which
             dar●…eth
             out
             his
             beames
             so
             sharpely
             ,
             that
             sometimes
             it
             burneth
             or
             scorcheth
             the
             corne
             ,
             sometimes
             breaketh
             the
             reede
             in
             pieces
             ,
             and
             sometimes
             withereth
             and
             slayeth
             it
             outright
             .
          
           
             The
             cure
             and
             preuention
             of
             this
             cuill
             ,
             according
             
             to
             the
             opinion
             of
             some
             husbandmen
             is
             to
             take
             a
             hedge
             Toad
             ,
             and
             to
             close
             it
             vp
             fast
             in
             an
             earthen
             pot
             ,
             and
             then
             digging
             a
             hole
             in
             the
             middest
             of
             your
             Corne
             field
             there
             bury
             the
             pot
             with
             the
             Toade
             ,
             and
             lightening
             will
             neuer
             ●…damage
             your
             corne
             ,
             there
             be
             others
             which
             vse
             to
             take
             the
             feathers
             of
             an
             Aegle
             ,
             and
             to
             hang
             them
             vp
             in
             the
             foure
             corners
             of
             your
             corne-field
             ,
             or
             for
             want
             of
             them
             to
             hang
             vp
             the
             skinne
             of
             a
             Seale
             ,
             and
             either
             of
             them
             will
             preuent
             the
             hurt
             of
             lightning
             ;
             lastly
             ,
             some
             vse
             to
             plant
             the
             Lawrell
             or
             Bay-tree
             in
             their
             corne-fields
             ,
             and
             hold
             it
             a
             certaine
             preuention
             from
             lightning
             ,
             or
             where
             the
             trees
             cannot
             conueniently
             be
             gotten
             ,
             if
             but
             some
             branches
             thereof
             be
             but
             stucke
             vp
             in
             sundry
             places
             ,
             it
             is
             thought
             to
             preuent
             all
             hurt
             that
             comes
             by
             lightening
             .
          
           
             Next
             vnto
             lightning
             is
             the
             hurt
             which
             commeth
             to
             
             corne
             by
             Thunder
             ,
             being
             a
             sharpe
             and
             fiery
             exhalation
             or
             meteon
             closed
             within
             the
             body
             of
             cold
             ,
             moyst
             
             cloud
             ,
             euery
             way
             contrary
             both
             in
             nature
             and
             quality
             to
             the
             thing
             in
             which
             it
             is
             imprisoned
             ,
             whereby
             a
             most
             violent
             contention
             growing
             betwixt
             the
             fire
             and
             the
             water
             ;
             at
             last
             the
             fire
             getting
             the
             vpper
             hand
             ,
             breakes
             from
             his
             cold
             bed
             with
             such
             violence
             and
             noyse
             ,
             that
             many
             malignant
             qualities
             follows
             it
             ,
             and
             it
             doth
             much
             hurt
             both
             to
             graine
             and
             all
             other
             growing
             things
             whatsoeuer
             .
          
           
             The
             cure
             and
             preuention
             for
             those
             euils
             which
             happen
             
             by
             Thunder
             ,
             is
             many
             times
             to
             ring
             loud
             and
             great
             Bels
             ,
             or
             now
             and
             then
             to
             shoot
             of
             a
             Cannon
             or
             Culuerin
             shot
             ,
             or
             any
             other
             great
             shot
             whereby
             the
             acquaintance
             with
             these
             great
             noyses
             may
             make
             the
             graine
             more
             apt
             and
             able
             to
             indure
             the
             violence
             and
             suddennesse
             of
             the
             Thunder
             whensoeuer
             it
             shall
             happen
             ,
             for
             it
             is
             the
             suddennesse
             of
             the
             cracke
             which
             breedeth
             all
             the
             imperfection
             ,
             there
             be
             others
             that
             in
             this
             case
             vse
             to
             gather
             vp
             all
             the
             stinking
             and
             filthy
             smelling
             weeds
             and
             seeds
             which
             can
             be
             got
             ,
             and
             mixing
             them
             with
             any
             other
             filthy
             matter
             that
             stinketh
             most
             ,
             to
             burne
             them
             in
             their
             corne-fields
             ,
             and
             it
             is
             a
             most
             safe
             preseruation
             from
             any
             hurt
             which
             shall
             happen
             by
             Thunder
             .
          
           
             The
             next
             euill
             which
             happeneth
             to
             corne
             or
             graine
             
             is
             that
             which
             commeth
             by
             frosts
             and
             sharpe
             nipping
             colds
             ,
             which
             staruing
             the
             root
             ,
             and
             binding
             vp
             all
             nourishment
             marketh
             the
             corne
             dry
             ,
             wither
             and
             neuer
             prosper
             ,
             and
             then
             the
             violence
             of
             the
             frost
             ,
             there
             is
             nothing
             more
             bitter
             to
             plants
             and
             seeds
             ,
             for
             euer
             rasorlike
             it
             cutteth
             the
             veines
             and
             sinews
             in
             pieces
             ,
             and
             as
             sharpe
             needles
             pricketh
             the
             heart
             of
             euery
             growing
             thing
             ,
             for
             as
             the
             fire
             which
             is
             most
             hot
             ,
             when
             it
             rageth
             burneth
             and
             consumeth
             all
             things
             ,
             so
             the
             frost
             which
             
             is
             most
             cold
             when
             it
             continueth
             ,
             starueth
             and
             choaketh
             or
             stifeleth
             whatsoeuer
             it
             imbraceth
             .
          
           
             Now
             the
             cure
             or
             preuention
             for
             those
             euils
             which
             doe
             happen
             to
             graine
             by
             these
             great
             frosts
             is
             as
             some
             
             husbandmen
             sappose
             to
             couer
             the
             land
             ouer
             when
             it
             is
             sowne
             with
             ashes
             ,
             others
             spread
             straw
             or
             rotten
             litter
             vpon
             their
             corne
             ,
             and
             not
             any
             of
             them
             but
             is
             sufficient
             to
             pre●…ent
             the
             worst
             iniury
             that
             the
             frost
             can
             doe
             .
          
           
             The
             most
             malignant
             quality
             which
             offendeth
             graine
             
             is
             myst
             and
             fog
             ,
             which
             being
             naughty
             vapours
             ,
             drawne
             from
             the
             infected
             parts
             of
             the
             earth
             ,
             and
             falling
             vpon
             the
             corne
             ,
             doe
             not
             onely
             make
             the
             graine
             leprous
             ,
             but
             also
             infecting
             the
             better
             earth
             alter
             the
             kindly
             nourishment
             there
             of
             ,
             and
             as
             it
             were
             distilling
             corruption
             into
             the
             vaines
             ,
             makes
             all
             that
             depend
             thereupon
             most
             leprous
             and
             vnwholesome
             ,
             and
             thereby
             altereth
             the
             quality
             ,
             quite
             turning
             sweetnesse
             into
             bittenesse
             ,
             fulnesse
             into
             emptinesse
             ,
             and
             goodnesse
             into
             badnesse
             ,
             to
             the
             great
             losse
             of
             the
             husbandman
             ,
             and
             the
             much
             disreputation
             of
             the
             ground
             .
          
           
             Now
             the
             cure
             and
             preuention
             of
             this
             eiill
             ,
             according
             
             to
             the
             opinions
             of
             all
             the
             best
             husbandmen
             ,
             is
             to
             take
             weeds
             greene
             ,
             the
             twigs
             of
             brambles
             and
             other
             bruth
             wood
             ,
             wet
             straw
             or
             any
             such
             like
             stuffe
             ,
             and
             binding
             them
             in
             great
             bundles
             ,
             to
             p●…t
             fire
             there
             to
             ,
             making
             a
             great
             and
             violent
             smoake
             ,
             and
             then
             taking
             the
             aduantage
             of
             the
             winde
             ,
             to
             walke
             vp
             and
             downe
             the
             field
             and
             smoake
             it
             ,
             which
             is
             thought
             a
             certaine
             remedy
             to
             take
             away
             those
             inconueniences
             which
             happen
             by
             violence
             and
             poison
             of
             these
             mysts
             and
             fogs
             .
          
           
             The
             last
             and
             not
             least
             hurt
             (
             for
             indeed
             it
             happens
             oftest
             ,
             
             and
             is
             most
             dangerous
             ,
             which
             ●…als
             on
             corn-fields
             ,
             is
             that
             which
             proceedeth
             from
             blasting
             ,
             or
             (
             as
             some
             
             call
             it
             )
             planet
             strooke
             ;
             This
             blasting
             is
             diuersly
             distinguished
             ,
             as
             proceeding
             from
             diuers
             occasions
             ,
             as
             sometimes
             from
             the
             euill
             aspects
             of
             the
             Starres
             ,
             sometimes
             from
             the
             rotten
             corruptions
             of
             the
             ayre
             ,
             sometimes
             from
             the
             contagion
             and
             infection
             of
             the
             winds
             ,
             and
             sometimes
             from
             the
             cuill
             habits
             of
             dewes
             ,
             and
             other
             pestifferous
             serenes
             which
             fall
             vpon
             the
             earth
             ;
             of
             all
             or
             any
             of
             which
             ,
             if
             a
             man
             be
             desirous
             to
             read
             ,
             let
             him
             looke
             into
             Plinie
             ,
             in
             the
             first
             booke
             of
             his
             naturall
             history
             ,
             and
             he
             shall
             finde
             them
             set
             downe
             and
             decyphered
             at
             large
             ,
             with
             an
             abstract
             of
             all
             such
             Stars
             and
             Planets
             as
             are
             most
             propitious
             and
             helpfull
             to
             all
             manner
             of
             grain
             ,
             as
             it
             were
             guarding
             and
             defending
             it
             from
             the
             casuall
             malladies
             which
             doe
             come
             from
             the
             skie
             ;
             so
             that
             in
             this
             place
             to
             enter
             into
             the
             large
             field
             of
             so
             well
             written
             a
             discourse
             ,
             were
             much
             needlesse
             ,
             and
             a
             good
             mans
             worke
             much
             worse
             repeated
             .
          
           
             Touching
             the
             cure
             and
             preuention
             of
             those
             euils
             
             which
             happen
             vnto
             corne
             by
             blasting
             ,
             they
             are
             sundry
             according
             to
             the
             sundry
             opinions
             of
             husbandmen
             ,
             yet
             the
             best
             and
             most
             approued
             ,
             are
             these
             two
             onely
             ,
             of
             which
             I
             meane
             to
             write
             in
             this
             place
             ;
             the
             first
             ,
             to
             take
             the
             right
             or
             farre
             horne
             of
             an
             oxe
             ,
             and
             mixing
             it
             with
             a
             good
             quantity
             of
             his
             dung
             ,
             adde
             fire
             vnto
             it
             ,
             so
             as
             the
             horne
             and
             dung
             may
             make
             a
             great
             smoke
             or
             smother
             ,
             &
             this
             do
             in
             diuers
             parts
             of
             your
             corn-field
             ,
             the
             operation
             or
             vertue
             where
             of
             ,
             is
             ,
             that
             this
             smoake
             will
             purge
             and
             dissolue
             the
             euill
             qualities
             of
             the
             ayre
             and
             other
             influences
             ,
             and
             reduce
             them
             to
             their
             proper
             goodnesse
             and
             vertue
             :
             The
             second
             ,
             is
             to
             take
             the
             boughes
             or
             branches
             of
             the
             Bay-tree
             ,
             and
             to
             plant
             them
             in
             sundry
             places
             of
             the
             Corne-field
             ,
             so
             as
             they
             may
             stand
             a
             pretty
             distance
             or
             space
             aboue
             the
             height
             of
             the
             
             standing
             corne
             ,
             for
             it
             is
             held
             a
             maxime
             amongst
             the
             best
             husbandmen
             ,
             that
             all
             blastings
             will
             fall
             vpon
             those
             boughes
             and
             branches
             ,
             and
             the
             corne
             wil
             remaine
             safe
             and
             vnstriken
             or
             blemished
             .
          
           
             Now
             to
             conclude
             the
             diseases
             and
             infirmities
             which
             
             happen
             to
             corn
             ,
             whilst
             it
             is
             in
             the
             field
             ,
             there
             is
             not
             any
             formerly
             spoken
             of
             more
             dangerous
             or
             of
             vilder
             quality
             then
             the
             reaping
             ,
             mowing
             or
             gathering
             in
             of
             corn
             ,
             wet
             or
             too
             greene
             ,
             and
             vnhardened
             ,
             for
             such
             moysture
             when
             the
             corne
             is
             either
             sheaffed
             vp
             close
             together
             ,
             or
             stackt
             or
             mowed
             vp
             ,
             forthwith
             gathereth
             heat
             ,
             and
             either
             setteth
             the
             corne
             on
             fire
             ,
             or
             else
             the
             moysture
             being
             of
             lesse
             quantity
             ,
             and
             not
             apt
             to
             flame
             ,
             yet
             it
             corrupteth
             the
             graine
             and
             straw
             ,
             and
             breedeth
             a
             stinking
             mouldinesse
             or
             rottennesse
             about
             it
             ,
             so
             that
             the
             graine
             either
             becomes
             dung
             and
             durt
             ,
             or
             at
             least
             so
             stinking
             and
             vnsauory
             that
             it
             is
             good
             for
             no
             vse
             or
             purpose
             as
             is
             daily
             seene
             where
             carelesse
             husbands
             gather
             in
             their
             graine
             without
             respect
             or
             gouerment
             ,
             making
             the
             old
             prouerbe
             good
             ,
             that
             hast
             euer
             brings
             waste
             .
          
           
             The
             cure
             and
             preuention
             of
             this
             euill
             ,
             is
             the
             well
             
             husbanding
             and
             managing
             of
             the
             haruest
             ,
             as
             first
             with
             a
             carefull
             and
             well
             iudging
             eye
             to
             looke
             vpon
             your
             corne
             ,
             and
             to
             know
             by
             the
             hanging
             downeward
             of
             the
             eare
             (
             looking
             as
             it
             were
             backe
             to
             the
             ground
             )
             and
             by
             the
             hardnesse
             of
             the
             graine
             ,
             whether
             it
             be
             rype
             or
             no
             ;
             then
             to
             looke
             into
             the
             cleannesse
             of
             the
             corne
             ,
             as
             whether
             it
             be
             full
             of
             greenes
             ,
             as
             grasse
             ,
             weeds
             ,
             and
             such
             like
             or
             cleane
             of
             it selfe
             without
             any
             mixture
             ,
             if
             you
             finde
             there
             be
             many
             weeds
             mixt
             with
             it
             ,
             then
             you
             may
             reap
             it
             so
             much
             the
             sooner
             ,
             though
             the
             kernell
             be
             not
             so
             well
             hardned
             as
             you
             would
             wish
             ,
             and
             aboue
             all
             things
             haue
             a
             care
             neuer
             to
             sheare
             corne
             in
             the
             raine
             or
             wet
             ,
             
             no
             not
             so
             much
             as
             with
             the
             mornings
             or
             euenings
             dew
             vpon
             it
             ,
             but
             euen
             in
             the
             heat
             and
             brightnesse
             of
             the
             day
             ;
             then
             hauing
             reapt
             your
             corne
             so
             full
             of
             grasse
             and
             weeds
             ,
             you
             shal
             by
             no
             meanes
             sheafe
             it
             ,
             but
             sprcading
             it
             thin
             in
             the
             Sun
             ,
             let
             the
             grasse
             wyther
             all
             that
             day
             ,
             which
             when
             you
             perceiu
             to
             change
             color
             &
             grow
             dry
             ,
             then
             bind
             it
             vp
             in
             sheaffes
             ,
             and
             let
             it
             lye
             single
             a
             day
             that
             the
             winde
             and
             Sunne
             may
             get
             into
             it
             ,
             and
             dry
             the
             greenes
             more
             sufficiently
             ,
             then
             lay
             it
             in
             stuckes
             of
             sixe
             and
             eight
             sheafes
             a
             piece
             ,
             and
             turne
             the
             cares
             so
             inward
             that
             the
             other
             bigger
             ends
             may
             defend
             them
             from
             all
             raine
             ,
             wet
             or
             dew
             that
             may
             fall
             vpon
             them
             ;
             then
             a
             day
             or
             two
             after
             lay
             them
             in
             stoucks
             of
             twenty
             or
             foure
             and
             twenty
             sheaues
             a
             piece
             ,
             and
             in
             those
             stoucks
             let
             them
             take
             a
             sweate
             ,
             then
             breake
             them
             open
             in
             a
             bright
             Sunne-shine
             day
             ,
             and
             letting
             the
             ayre
             passe
             thorow
             them
             to
             dry
             them
             ,
             forthwith
             lead
             the
             grain
             home
             ,
             and
             house
             it
             or
             stacke
             in
             such
             sortas
             was
             shewed
             in
             the
             former
             chapter
             ,
             and
             be
             sure
             the
             graine
             thus
             ordered
             and
             dryed
             can
             neuer
             take
             hurt
             ,
             but
             if
             the
             season
             of
             the
             yere
             fall
             out
             so
             extraordinariy
             euil
             ,
             &
             ful
             of
             wet
             ,
             that
             by
             no
             meanes
             you
             can
             get
             your
             corne
             dry
             home
             (
             which
             although
             it
             be
             seldome
             seen
             ,
             yet
             it
             is
             possible
             to
             be
             seen
             )
             in
             this
             case
             you
             must
             bring
             it
             home
             as
             well
             as
             you
             can
             ,
             and
             hauing
             your
             kilne
             well
             ordered
             and
             bedded
             ,
             you
             shall
             lay
             as
             many
             sheaues
             thereon
             ,
             as
             it
             can
             containe
             ,
             and
             turning
             and
             tossing
             them
             ouer
             a
             very
             gentle
             fire
             ,
             by
             slow
             degrees
             dry
             them
             very
             perfectly
             as
             neare
             as
             you
             can
             ,
             with
             no
             greater
             a
             heate
             then
             that
             which
             the
             Sunne
             giueth
             ,
             and
             then
             moow
             and
             stacke
             them
             vp
             at
             your
             pleasure
             ,
             for
             the
             ayre
             will
             sweeten
             them
             againe
             and
             take
             all
             smell
             of
             smoake
             or
             other
             annoyance
             onely
             obserue
             not
             to
             stacke
             them
             vp-whilst
             the
             fire
             or
             
             heat
             is
             in
             them
             ,
             but
             when
             they
             are
             cold
             ,
             and
             so
             they
             will
             be
             as
             sweet
             as
             may
             be
             .
          
           
             Now
             it
             is
             not
             amiste
             that
             I
             speake
             here
             a
             word
             or
             
             two
             of
             washt
             corne
             ,
             or
             the
             washing
             of
             corne
             ;
             true
             it
             is
             (
             as
             before
             I
             haue
             written
             )
             that
             all
             sorts
             of
             wheat
             whatsoeuer
             are
             subiect
             ,
             or
             by
             the
             rancknes
             of
             the
             ground
             ,
             blasting
             or
             else
             mildewing
             to
             a
             kind
             of
             filthy
             sooty
             blacknes
             ,
             as
             is
             already
             shewed
             ;
             and
             this
             sooty
             corne
             is
             taken
             two
             wayes
             ,
             generally
             ,
             and
             paticularly
             ;
             generally
             ,
             if
             the
             whole
             land
             be
             stricken
             ,
             and
             no
             corne
             saued
             but
             all
             spoyled
             ,
             which
             is
             called
             mildewed
             ;
             or
             particularly
             ,
             where
             but
             some
             special
             eares
             are
             strooke
             ,
             or
             some
             speciall
             part
             of
             the
             grame
             ,
             as
             when
             it
             is
             black
             at
             both
             ends
             ,
             yet
             full
             and
             sound
             in
             the
             midst
             ,
             and
             this
             is
             called
             smutcht
             corne
             ,
             being
             disfigured
             in
             part
             ,
             and
             not
             in
             all
             :
             this
             smutcht
             corne
             which
             is
             stricken
             here
             and
             there
             ,
             if
             the
             blasted
             eares
             be
             not
             culld
             out
             from
             the
             other
             (
             which
             to
             do
             ,
             is
             an
             husbandry
             exceeding
             good
             and
             very
             worthy
             )
             when
             it
             commeth
             vnder
             the
             flasile
             ,
             the
             dust
             of
             those
             blacke
             blasted
             eares
             will
             so
             defile
             all
             the
             rest
             of
             the
             corne
             ,
             that
             it
             will
             all
             looke
             blacke
             and
             ill-fauoured
             ,
             and
             so
             become
             vnseruiceable
             and
             vnmarkeable
             ,
             for
             the
             blasted
             corne
             is
             both
             bitter
             and
             vnwholesome
             ;
             In
             this
             case
             you
             must
             of
             force
             wash
             this
             corne
             ,
             and
             you
             must
             do
             it
             in
             two
             or
             three
             waters
             ,
             till
             you
             see
             all
             the
             blacknes
             quite
             gone
             ,
             which
             done
             then
             draine
             away
             your
             water
             cleane
             ,
             and
             laying
             the
             corne
             on
             faire
             window
             cloathes
             or
             couerlids
             ,
             lay
             it
             in
             the
             heat
             of
             the
             Sun
             ,
             and
             so
             dry
             it
             againe
             till
             it
             be
             so
             hard
             that
             it
             will
             grind
             ;
             But
             if
             the
             time
             of
             the
             yeare
             will
             not
             serue
             for
             the
             Suns
             drying
             it
             ,
             then
             you
             shall
             dry
             it
             on
             a
             kelne
             with
             a
             very
             saft
             and
             gentle
             fire
             ,
             and
             then
             coole
             it
             in
             the
             ayre
             to
             recouer
             the
             sweetnes
             againe
             ,
             and
             then
             
             the
             corne
             is
             as
             seruiceable
             as
             any
             other
             ,
             onely
             for
             seed
             it
             will
             by
             no
             meanes
             serue
             ,
             both
             by
             meanes
             of
             the
             blasting
             which
             makes
             the
             kernell
             imperfit
             at
             both
             ends
             ,
             where
             it
             should
             sprout
             ,
             as
             also
             the
             too
             much
             drying
             thereof
             ,
             by
             which
             it
             is
             so
             much
             hardened
             that
             the
             ground
             hath
             not
             strengh
             to
             resolue
             it
             ,
             therefore
             it
             is
             the
             offence
             of
             euery
             Husbandman
             when
             he
             chuseth
             his
             seed
             corn
             ,
             to
             eschew
             by
             all
             meanes
             this
             washt
             corne
             as
             a
             graine
             that
             is
             lost
             in
             the
             earth
             ,
             and
             will
             by
             no
             meanes
             grow
             .
          
           
             Therefore
             that
             you
             may
             know
             washt
             corne
             from
             all
             
             other
             corne
             ,
             and
             so
             not
             be
             cosoned
             by
             any
             deceit
             in
             the
             ill
             Husbandman
             ,
             you
             shal
             take
             it
             vp
             into
             your
             hand
             and
             if
             the
             corne
             looke
             bright
             ,
             cleere
             ,
             and
             shining
             ,
             being
             all
             of
             one
             entire
             colour
             without
             change
             or
             difference
             ,
             then
             be
             sure
             the
             Corne
             is
             vnwasht
             and
             perfit
             .
          
           
             But
             if
             you
             find
             it
             look
             whiter
             at
             the
             ends
             then
             in
             any
             other
             part
             of
             the
             Corne
             ,
             and
             that
             the
             whitenesse
             is
             blacke
             and
             not
             shining
             ,
             so
             that
             there
             is
             a
             changeable
             colour
             in
             the
             Corne
             ,
             then
             be
             assured
             that
             the
             Corne
             is
             washt
             ,
             and
             then
             by
             no
             meanes
             apt
             for
             seede
             or
             increase
             .
          
           
             Againe
             ,
             put
             three
             or
             foure
             graines
             into
             your
             mouth
             and
             chaw
             them
             ,
             and
             if
             then
             the
             taste
             be
             sweet
             and
             pleasant
             ,
             and
             grinde
             mellow
             and
             gently
             betweene
             your
             teeth
             ,
             then
             is
             the
             Corne
             not
             washt
             ,
             but
             if
             it
             haue
             a
             bitterish
             ,
             or
             flashy
             raw
             taste
             ,
             and
             grind
             hard
             betweene
             your
             teeth
             ,
             or
             with
             much
             roughnesse
             ,
             then
             hath
             the
             Corne
             beene
             washt
             and
             dryed
             againe
             ,
             and
             is
             not
             good
             for
             seed
             ,
             also
             when
             Corne
             is
             more
             then
             ordinarily
             moyst
             ,
             or
             more
             then
             ordinarily
             dry
             ,
             both
             are
             very
             ill
             signes
             ,
             and
             shew
             either
             imperfit
             Corne
             ,
             or
             imperfit
             keeping
             ;
             for
             the
             best
             and
             good
             Corne
             indeed
             
             euer
             holdeth
             an
             indifferent
             temperature
             betwixt
             drynes
             and
             moysture
             .
          
           
             And
             thus
             much
             touching
             the
             diseases
             and
             imperfection
             of
             all
             sorts
             of
             grain
             within
             the
             field
             ,
             with
             their
             certaine
             cures
             and
             most
             approued
             remedies
             ,
             being
             a
             worke
             hitherto
             vnwritten
             ,
             yet
             worthy
             of
             all
             knowledge
             and
             vsefulnesse
             ;
          
        
         
           
             CHAP.
             XIIII
             .
          
           
             
               How
               to
               keepe
               all
               manner
               of
               Graine
               ,
               cither
               thrasht
               or
               unthrasht
               with
               least
               losse
               the
               longest
               time
               ,
               and
               how
               to
               prescrue
               it
               from
               all
               infirmities
               mities
               and
               vermine
               in
               the
               house
               or
               garner
               .
            
          
           
             SOme
             may
             imagine
             it
             an
             vnnecessary
             
             worke
             to
             teach
             men
             these
             extraordinary
             secrets
             and
             skill
             touching
             the
             keeping
             and
             preeseruing
             of
             corne
             ,
             in
             as
             much
             as
             it
             leaneth
             so
             neare
             vnto
             hourding
             and
             vncharitable
             keeping
             vp
             of
             graine
             ,
             which
             occasioneth
             dearthes
             and
             other
             scarcities
             ,
             by
             which
             many
             times
             the
             commonwealth
             is
             hurt
             ,
             and
             the
             poore
             almost
             famished
             .
          
           
             But
             they
             are
             therein
             deceiued
             ,
             for
             to
             the
             cormorant
             and
             deuouring
             myzer
             whose
             sinnes
             are
             his
             substance
             and
             whose
             mind
             is
             euer
             laboring
             on
             the
             euils
             he
             intēds
             to
             practise
             ,
             though
             these
             rules
             were
             buryed
             in
             the
             center
             of
             the
             earth
             ,
             yet
             could
             his
             inuentions
             produce
             a
             thousand
             others
             to
             fit
             the
             wickednes
             of
             his
             purpose
             ,
             nor
             was
             it
             cuer
             seene
             that
             ignorance
             euer
             made
             a
             wicked
             man
             good
             ;
             but
             the
             truth
             is
             ,
             that
             there
             is
             nothing
             
             more
             needfull
             and
             necessary
             then
             this
             knowledge
             for
             all
             sorts
             of
             people
             ,
             as
             well
             the
             poore
             as
             rich
             ,
             for
             euery
             
             man
             doth
             not
             sowe
             corne
             ,
             yet
             euery
             man
             must
             eat
             corne
             ,
             and
             what
             thing
             can
             be
             more
             husbandly
             &
             good
             then
             for
             a
             man
             to
             buy
             his
             prouision
             of
             corne
             and
             meale
             at
             the
             best
             and
             cheapest
             time
             of
             the
             yeare
             ,
             in
             which
             no
             small
             thing
             is
             saued
             ,
             where
             the
             family
             is
             of
             any
             greatnesse
             :
             as
             thus
             for
             example
             ,
             if
             a
             man
             dwell
             either
             in
             the
             city
             or
             other
             market
             towne
             ,
             being
             a
             Trades
             man
             or
             other
             which
             soweth
             not
             any
             corne
             ,
             and
             yet
             he
             spendeth
             weekly
             in
             his
             house
             ,
             of
             wheat
             one
             bushel
             ,
             of
             Rye
             two
             bushels
             ,
             and
             of
             malt
             foure
             bushels
             ;
             wheat
             in
             October
             ,
             Nouember
             and
             December
             is
             worth
             iii.
             s.
             iiii
             .
             d.
             a
             bushell
             ,
             Rye
             worth
             ii
             .
             s.
             iiii
             .
             d.
             and
             malt
             worth
             ii
             .
             s.
             in
             the
             Spring
             Wheat
             is
             worth
             v.
             s.
             Rye
             worth
             iiii
             .
             s
             and
             malt
             worth
             iii.
             s.
             iiii
             .
             d.
             but
             in
             the
             Sommer
             ,
             wheat
             is
             worth
             vi
             .
             s.
             and
             vi
             .
             s.
             viii
             .
             d.
             Rye
             worth
             v.
             s.
             and
             malt
             worth
             iiii
             .
             s
             :
             now
             if
             a
             man
             know
             how
             to
             keep
             his
             corn
             ,
             or
             meale
             sweet
             and
             sound
             all
             the
             yere
             ,
             and
             buy
             his
             prouision
             at
             the
             best
             hand
             ,
             and
             at
             once
             ,
             there
             is
             the
             price
             of
             a
             quarter
             of
             his
             prouision
             almost
             saued
             in
             the
             bargaine
             .
             Againe
             the
             poore
             husbandman
             that
             is
             to
             make
             the
             best
             profit
             of
             his
             graine
             that
             he
             can
             ,
             is
             peraduenture
             in
             great
             need
             for
             fodder
             for
             his
             cattell
             ,
             and
             must
             of
             necessity
             thrash
             vp
             his
             corne
             to
             get
             the
             straw
             to
             feed
             with
             :
             in
             this
             case
             ,
             if
             he
             know
             not
             how
             to
             preserue
             and
             keepe
             his
             graine
             wholesome
             and
             sweet
             ,
             he
             must
             of
             force
             sell
             it
             ,
             and
             it
             may
             be
             at
             that
             time
             markets
             are
             full
             and
             all
             corne
             at
             very
             low
             rate
             ,
             so
             that
             he
             cannot
             chuse
             but
             be
             a
             wonderfull
             looser
             ,
             whereas
             on
             the
             contrary
             part
             hauing
             skill
             and
             knowledge
             how
             to
             keepe
             it
             sweet
             and
             without
             shrinking
             ,
             he
             may
             take
             his
             best
             markets
             at
             his
             best
             leisure
             ,
             and
             so
             put
             off
             his
             corn
             to
             his
             best
             aduantage
             ,
             so
             that
             to
             conclude
             both
             to
             the
             Farmer
             and
             the
             Grazier
             ,
             the
             good
             towne
             man
             ,
             and
             the
             village
             man
             ,
             
             this
             is
             an
             Arte
             and
             skill
             right
             good
             and
             necessary
             .
          
           
             To
             proceed
             then
             to
             the
             keeping
             and
             preseruing
             of
             
             Corne
             and
             Graine
             ,
             it
             is
             to
             be
             vnderstood
             that
             it
             is
             to
             be
             done
             two
             seuerall
             waies
             ;
             that
             is
             to
             say
             ,
             in
             the
             eare
             and
             out
             of
             the
             eare
             ,
             in
             the
             Stack
             when
             it
             is
             ioyned
             with
             the
             Strawe
             and
             Chaffe
             ,
             or
             in
             the
             Garner
             when
             it
             is
             cl●…nfed
             and
             dressed
             .
          
           
             Touching
             the
             keeping
             of
             Corne
             in
             the
             Eare
             or
             
             in
             the
             Stacke
             ,
             there
             is
             no
             better
             or
             safer
             way
             then
             that
             already
             described
             in
             the
             twelfth
             Chapter
             ,
             being
             free
             from
             all
             offences
             whatsoeuer
             that
             can
             come
             to
             hurt
             it
             .
          
           
             Now
             ,
             there
             be
             others
             that
             cut
             off
             the
             eares
             of
             their
             Corne
             ,
             and
             then
             put
             them
             into
             great
             Chests
             or
             Hutches
             of
             wood
             ,
             (
             such
             as
             are
             very
             frequent
             and
             much
             in
             vse
             in
             Ireland
             and
             other
             Countries
             where
             warre
             rageth
             )
             and
             so
             keep
             it
             sweet
             and
             good
             many
             yeares
             :
             Others
             vse
             to
             beate
             it
             out
             of
             the
             Eare
             ,
             but
             not
             separate
             it
             from
             the
             Chaffe
             ,
             and
             then
             laying
             a
             leare
             of
             Strawe
             more
             then
             a
             foote
             thicke
             ,
             to
             lay
             a
             good
             thicke
             leare
             of
             the
             thresht
             Corne
             ,
             then
             another
             leare
             of
             Staw
             ,
             and
             so
             a
             leare
             of
             thresht
             Corne
             ,
             and
             thus
             lay
             leare
             vpon
             leare
             ,
             till
             you
             haue
             made
             vp
             your
             Stacke
             ,
             in
             such
             proportion
             as
             you
             shall
             thinke
             conuenient
             ;
             and
             this
             will
             keepe
             all
             kinde
             of
             Corne
             ,
             or
             Graine
             ,
             or
             other
             seeds
             ,
             sound
             ,
             sweet
             ,
             and
             fit
             for
             any
             purpose
             ,
             at
             least
             a
             dozen
             yeare
             ,
             or
             more
             as
             some
             haue
             supposed
             ,
             without
             either
             too
             much
             drying
             ,
             whithering
             ,
             moystening
             or
             moulding
             ;
             and
             sure
             this
             is
             a
             very
             excellent
             way
             for
             the
             storing
             vp
             of
             much
             Corne
             in
             a
             very
             little
             roome
             ,
             and
             may
             as
             well
             be
             done
             with
             Corne
             as
             with
             Srtawe
             ;
             onely
             it
             is
             not
             to
             be
             done
             in
             Barne
             nor
             House
             ,
             because
             Mice
             ,
             Rats
             and
             other
             kinde
             of
             Vermine
             will
             worke
             much
             destruction
             
             thereupon
             ,
             but
             on
             a
             Stacke
             or
             Houell
             made
             and
             proportioned
             in
             such
             forme
             as
             was
             shewed
             before
             in
             the
             twelfe
             Chapter
             ,
             and
             so
             it
             will
             stand
             in
             safe
             without
             alannoyance
             ,
             as
             long
             as
             it
             shal
             please
             the
             owner
             to
             keepe
             it
             ;
             sure
             I
             am
             it
             will
             last
             thus
             fully
             twelue
             yeares
             ,
             yet
             some
             Authors
             affirme
             it
             will
             last
             fifty
             yeares
             ,
             but
             that
             is
             a
             space
             of
             yeares
             beyond
             my
             tryall
             .
          
           
             Touching
             the
             keeping
             of
             Corne
             after
             it
             is
             thrasht
             
             and
             drest
             ,
             it
             is
             diuers
             wayes
             to
             be
             done
             ,
             as
             by
             stoage
             or
             place
             of
             leare
             ,
             as
             garners
             ,
             hutches
             ,
             and
             such
             like
             :
             by
             labour
             and
             industry
             ,
             as
             with
             the
             shouel
             ,
             or
             else
             by
             deuice
             or
             medicine
             .
          
           
             For
             Garners
             they
             be
             made
             diuers
             wayes
             ,
             according
             
             to
             the
             nature
             of
             the
             Country
             and
             custome
             of
             the
             people
             .
          
           
             Some
             are
             made
             with
             clay
             and
             lome
             troden
             with
             haire
             ,
             straw
             chopt
             ,
             and
             such
             like
             :
             but
             these
             are
             the
             worst
             and
             doe
             soonest
             corrupt
             Corne
             ,
             for
             although
             they
             are
             warme
             ,
             which
             is
             a
             great
             preseruation
             to
             Corne
             ,
             yet
             they
             yeeld
             dust
             ,
             and
             from
             that
             dust
             is
             bred
             fleas
             ,
             mytes
             ,
             weauels
             ,
             and
             other
             vermine
             which
             spoyle
             Corne
             ,
             and
             make
             it
             easily
             rot
             .
          
           
             Others
             are
             made
             of
             stone
             and
             lyme
             ,
             but
             they
             are
             subiect
             against
             wet
             weather
             ,
             to
             yeeld
             fourth
             a
             moyst
             dew
             which
             corrupteth
             and
             rotteth
             corne
             .
          
           
             Others
             are
             made
             of
             bricke
             and
             lyme
             ,
             and
             they
             are
             very
             good
             against
             the
             weauell
             and
             other
             small
             vermine
             ,
             but
             the
             lime
             is
             sharpe
             and
             so
             consequently
             very
             vnwholesome
             for
             all
             manner
             of
             Graine
             .
             The
             best
             Garner
             then
             that
             can
             be
             made
             to
             keepe
             all
             manner
             of
             graine
             in
             ,
             is
             made
             of
             plaster
             burnt
             &
             brought
             into
             morter
             ,
             and
             so
             raising
             it
             vp
             with
             the
             helpe
             of
             small
             stones
             hidden
             and
             placed
             in
             the
             middest
             of
             the
             wall
             to
             make
             
             both
             the
             inside
             and
             the
             outside
             of
             the
             Garner
             of
             smooth
             plaster
             ,
             no
             stone
             being
             seen
             but
             hidden
             at
             least
             two
             fingers
             thicke
             on
             each
             side
             ,
             and
             all
             the
             bottome
             also
             must
             be
             made
             of
             plaster
             for
             no
             floore
             keepeth
             corne
             so
             well
             ,
             of
             what
             kind
             soeuer
             it
             be
             ,
             and
             these
             Garners
             would
             be
             placed
             as
             neare
             as
             you
             can
             to
             the
             backs
             or
             sides
             of
             chimneys
             ,
             or
             as
             neare
             the
             ayre
             of
             the
             fire
             as
             you
             can
             conueniently
             ,
             for
             as
             there
             is
             nothing
             more
             cold
             then
             plaster
             ,
             yet
             is
             it
             euer
             so
             dry
             and
             free
             from
             moysture
             ,
             that
             with
             no
             change
             of
             the
             ayre
             or
             weather
             it
             relenteth
             ,
             but
             keepeth
             the
             corne
             euer
             in
             one
             state
             of
             goodnesse
             ,
             whilst
             the
             warme
             standing
             thereof
             is
             such
             a
             comfort
             in
             the
             Winter
             ,
             and
             the
             naturall
             coolnesse
             of
             the
             thing
             so
             soueraigne
             in
             Sommer
             that
             the
             graine
             euer
             abideth
             in
             one
             state
             without
             alteration
             .
          
           
             Now
             for
             hutches
             or
             great
             chests
             ,
             byngs
             ,
             dry-fats
             
             and
             such
             like
             ,
             they
             are
             made
             of
             old
             dry
             and
             well
             seasoned
             oake-bords
             ,
             plained
             smooth
             and
             close
             ioyned
             and
             glewed
             together
             ,
             with
             couers
             and
             lids
             made
             also
             very
             close
             whereby
             little
             or
             no
             ayre
             can
             come
             in
             ;
             Some
             of
             these
             great
             byngs
             or
             hutches
             made
             of
             dry
             boards
             are
             made
             open
             and
             without
             couers
             ,
             but
             they
             are
             not
             so
             good
             for
             the
             ayre
             cooling
             the
             vpper
             part
             of
             the
             corne
             ,
             and
             the
             middle
             part
             sweating
             ,
             breedeth
             corruption
             ,
             or
             mustinesse
             ,
             which
             hurteth
             and
             spoileth
             the
             corne
             ;
             besides
             they
             are
             somewhat
             too
             warme
             ,
             and
             thereby
             make
             any
             greene
             corne
             apt
             to
             corrupt
             and
             smell
             .
          
           
             Touching
             the
             vse
             of
             Garners
             and
             Hutches
             ,
             they
             are
             
             principally
             to
             keepe
             malt
             after
             it
             is
             dryed
             ,
             or
             Barley
             which
             is
             for
             the
             vse
             of
             bread
             or
             meale
             ;
             &
             here
             is
             to
             be
             noted
             that
             the
             best
             maner
             of
             keeping
             malt
             ,
             is
             to
             keepe
             it
             in
             the
             come
             ,
             that
             is
             to
             say
             in
             the
             dust
             and
             other
             filth
             which
             commeth
             with
             it
             from
             the
             kilne
             ,
             as
             thus
             ,
             when
             
             first
             you
             lay
             your
             malt
             on
             the
             kilne
             to
             be
             dryed
             you
             know
             there
             is
             at
             one
             end
             a
             certaine
             sprout
             or
             small
             trids
             which
             growes
             from
             the
             corne
             ,
             and
             is
             called
             the
             come
             ,
             which
             by
             the
             rubbing
             and
             drying
             of
             the
             malt
             falles
             away
             and
             leaues
             the
             corne
             cleane
             and
             snugge
             of
             it selfe
             ,
             and
             when
             you
             trim
             and
             dresse
             vp
             your
             malt
             for
             the
             mill
             ,
             is
             windowed
             and
             cleansed
             away
             ;
             this
             you
             shall
             preserue
             and
             put
             altogether
             into
             your
             garner
             or
             hutch
             ,
             which
             will
             so
             mellow
             and
             ripen
             your
             malt
             ,
             that
             in
             the
             spending
             thereof
             a
             pecke
             will
             goe
             further
             then
             a
             pecke
             and
             a
             halfe
             kept
             of
             a
             contrary
             fashion
             ,
             and
             although
             some
             are
             perswaded
             that
             this
             come
             or
             malt
             dust
             ,
             is
             a
             great
             breeder
             of
             the
             worme
             or
             weeuell
             ,
             by
             reason
             of
             the
             much
             heate
             thereof
             ,
             being
             indeed
             of
             the
             purest
             of
             the
             hart
             of
             the
             corne
             ;
             yet
             it
             is
             not
             so
             vnlesse
             some
             danknesse
             or
             moysture
             do
             get
             to
             the
             corne
             ,
             and
             then
             it
             breeds
             weeuels
             in
             infinite
             abundance
             ,
             and
             therfore
             by
             all
             meanes
             be
             sure
             that
             your
             garners
             and
             hutches
             do
             stand
             exceeding
             dry
             ,
             and
             then
             there
             is
             no
             feare
             of
             the
             losse
             of
             corne
             ,
             nor
             shall
             you
             need
             to
             dresse
             or
             window
             your
             malt
             but
             as
             you
             spend
             it
             .
          
           
             Lastly
             ,
             here
             is
             to
             be
             noted
             ,
             that
             although
             I
             heare
             ioyne
             garners
             ,
             hutches
             ,
             chests
             and
             byngs
             together
             ,
             yet
             I
             make
             them
             not
             all
             of
             equall
             goodnes
             ,
             for
             the
             plastergarner
             is
             absolutely
             the
             best
             of
             all
             ,
             the
             close
             hutch
             or
             chest
             next
             ,
             and
             the
             open
             bing
             last
             ;
             yet
             any
             or
             all
             sufficient
             enough
             to
             keepe
             malt
             ,
             barley
             ,
             or
             small
             seeds
             ,
             diuers
             yeares
             without
             imperfection
             .
          
           
             It
             is
             written
             by
             some
             of
             the
             ancientest
             Authors
             that
             wheat
             hath
             been
             kept
             in
             these
             close
             hutches
             or
             chests
             sweet
             ,
             the
             space
             of
             fifty
             yeres
             ,
             yet
             I
             hold
             the
             rule
             somewhat
             doubtfull
             ,
             both
             because
             wheat
             of
             it selfe
             lying
             so
             close
             packt
             together
             ,
             is
             apt
             to
             heat
             and
             sweat
             ,
             and
             that
             
             heat
             commonly
             turneth
             to
             faughtinesse
             ,
             and
             the
             sweat
             to
             corruption
             ;
             but
             that
             it
             may
             thus
             be
             preserued
             from
             wormes
             ,
             weauels
             ,
             mytes
             and
             other
             vermine
             ,
             breeding
             in
             corne
             :
             it
             is
             doubtlesse
             and
             infallible
             ,
             there
             be
             other
             husbandmen
             ,
             which
             for
             the
             preseruation
             of
             their
             corne
             ,
             take
             a
             land
             Toade
             and
             tye
             it
             fast
             by
             the
             hinder
             leg
             ,
             and
             hang
             it
             before
             the
             dore
             or
             entrance
             of
             the
             garner
             ,
             and
             by
             the
             vertue
             thereof
             ,
             suppose
             that
             no
             hurt
             can
             come
             to
             their
             corne
             ;
             tye
             venome
             of
             the
             best
             ,
             as
             it
             were
             drawing
             away
             all
             other
             venome
             or
             euill
             that
             may
             come
             to
             the
             corne
             ;
             many
             other
             experiments
             there
             are
             ,
             but
             none
             so
             certaine
             as
             these
             ,
             and
             therefore
             these
             for
             malt
             or
             barley
             ,
             shall
             suffice
             in
             this
             place
             .
          
           
             Now
             for
             the
             preseruation
             of
             wheat
             ,
             which
             is
             the
             
             most
             principall
             graine
             ,
             of
             greatest
             vse
             ,
             and
             greatest
             price
             ,
             and
             therewithall
             most
             tender
             ,
             and
             aptest
             to
             take
             hurt
             :
             the
             experiments
             are
             diuers
             as
             mens
             fancies
             and
             practises
             haue
             found
             out
             ,
             for
             some
             husbandmen
             hold
             opinion
             ,
             especially
             the
             French
             and
             Spanish
             ,
             that
             if
             you
             take
             the
             lees
             of
             common
             oyle
             (
             so
             it
             be
             sweet
             )
             and
             sprinkle
             it
             vpon
             your
             wheate
             as
             it
             lyes
             ,
             either
             in
             the
             garner
             or
             vpon
             the
             floore
             that
             it
             will
             preserue
             it
             from
             all
             corruption
             and
             annoyance
             whatsoeuer
             ,
             not
             doth
             it
             saue
             wheat
             only
             ,
             but
             all
             other
             manner
             of
             graine
             whatsoeuer
             ;
             nor
             doth
             preserue
             corne
             alone
             from
             mischiefe
             ,
             but
             if
             corne
             by
             casualty
             be
             tainted
             or
             hurt
             ,
             it
             doth
             recouer
             it
             againe
             and
             brings
             it
             to
             the
             first
             sweetnesse
             ,
             and
             if
             either
             wormes
             or
             weauels
             be
             bred
             in
             it
             ,
             the
             oyle
             presently
             kils
             them
             ,
             and
             makes
             the
             corne
             free
             from
             that
             mischiefe
             :
             as
             for
             smaller
             feeds
             as
             hemp
             ,
             lyne
             and
             rape
             ,
             this
             oyle
             doth
             not
             onely
             keepe
             them
             long
             and
             sound
             ,
             but
             also
             feeds
             &
             nourishes
             them
             ,
             and
             makes
             them
             better
             ,
             either
             for
             the
             ground
             ,
             or
             for
             vse
             
             either
             in
             the
             mill
             or
             in
             medecine
             ,
             there
             be
             others
             that
             vse
             to
             take
             chalke
             ,
             and
             beat
             it
             to
             pouder
             ,
             and
             then
             scatter
             it
             amongst
             their
             wheat
             ,
             when
             they
             put
             it
             into
             the
             garner
             ,
             and
             haue
             found
             that
             thereby
             their
             graine
             hath
             been
             wonderfully
             preserued
             from
             all
             imperfection
             and
             surely
             there
             is
             great
             reason
             for
             the
             same
             ,
             because
             the
             drynesse
             of
             the
             chalke
             drinketh
             vp
             the
             moisture
             which
             sweateth
             from
             the
             graine
             ,
             and
             is
             the
             first
             breeder
             of
             all
             putrifaction
             :
             also
             it
             cooleth
             and
             asswageth
             the
             immoderate
             heate
             which
             is
             ingendred
             in
             the
             Corne
             by
             reason
             of
             the
             packe
             and
             close
             lying
             together
             .
             Againe
             ,
             there
             be
             others
             which
             vse
             to
             lay
             great
             store
             of
             wormwood
             amongst
             their
             wheat
             ,
             which
             likewise
             preserueth
             it
             from
             all
             anoyances
             ,
             especially
             from
             wormes
             and
             weauels
             ,
             as
             also
             from
             Mice
             ,
             Rats
             ,
             and
             such
             deuouring
             vermine
             ;
             neither
             will
             the
             Corne
             corrupt
             or
             grow
             faugthty
             ,
             as
             long
             as
             the
             wormewood
             remaines
             amongst
             it
             :
             In
             Italy
             the
             carefull
             Husbands
             vse
             to
             take
             a
             certaine
             dry
             earth
             or
             clay
             ,
             called
             earth
             of
             Olnithus
             or
             Cernithus
             ,
             and
             this
             earth
             they
             beat
             amongst
             their
             wheat
             ,
             and
             then
             put
             it
             into
             the
             garner
             or
             hutch
             ,
             and
             it
             will
             keepe
             it
             sound
             and
             sweet
             diuers
             yeares
             together
             ;
             then
             when
             they
             haue
             occasion
             to
             vse
             it
             ,
             with
             small
             reding
             siues
             to
             dresse
             it
             from
             the
             Corne
             ,
             and
             so
             preserue
             the
             dust
             ,
             which
             will
             last
             and
             serue
             you
             many
             yeares
             together
             ,
             euen
             almost
             an
             age
             as
             some
             haue
             reported
             ,
             and
             is
             at
             this
             day
             to
             be
             seene
             in
             many
             parts
             of
             Italy
             and
             other
             places
             .
          
           
             Againe
             ,
             I
             haue
             for
             mine
             owne
             part
             seene
             in
             the
             Ilands
             of
             the
             Axores
             ,
             which
             lie
             lowest
             from
             Spain
             (
             and
             it
             is
             a
             great
             practisealso
             in
             Spaine
             )
             certaine
             very
             great
             and
             large
             caues
             or
             pits
             made
             vnder
             the
             earth
             ,
             of
             the
             fashion
             of
             a
             Spanish
             earthen
             Iarre
             ,
             that
             is
             to
             say
             ,
             
             great
             and
             spacious
             in
             the
             midst
             ,
             and
             narrow
             both
             at
             the
             top
             and
             bottome
             ,
             like
             a
             brasse
             pot
             or
             great
             glasse
             viall
             ,
             and
             made
             as
             smooth
             within
             as
             may
             be
             ,
             &
             in
             these
             caues
             or
             pits
             ,
             they
             first
             lay
             chasse
             ,
             and
             then
             their
             thrasht
             wheat
             filling
             it
             vp
             full
             to
             the
             top
             ,
             or
             within
             a
             handfull
             thereof
             ,
             which
             they
             fill
             againe
             with
             chaffe
             ,
             and
             then
             closing
             the
             top
             with
             a
             broad
             stone
             ,
             they
             couer
             it
             ouer
             with
             earth
             so
             close
             and
             vnperceiueable
             ,
             that
             you
             may
             walke
             or
             trauell
             ouer
             it
             without
             any
             suspition
             ;
             and
             for
             mine
             owne
             part
             ,
             I
             haue
             my selfe
             digged
             vp
             many
             of
             these
             pits
             ,
             and
             found
             great
             store
             of
             wheate
             ,
             both
             in
             the
             high
             wayes
             ,
             and
             other
             most
             in
             suspicious
             places
             ,
             and
             surely
             it
             is
             thought
             ,
             and
             experience
             in
             those
             places
             makes
             it
             good
             that
             in
             these
             caues
             or
             pits
             you
             may
             keep
             wheat
             as
             long
             if
             you
             please
             as
             Plinie
             speaketh
             of
             ,
             which
             is
             an
             hundred
             or
             an
             hundred
             and
             twenty
             yeares
             without
             hurt
             or
             putrefaction
             either
             of
             heate
             ,
             moysture
             ,
             wormes
             ,
             weauels
             or
             any
             other
             vermine
             whatsoeuer
             which
             consumeth
             or
             deuoureth
             Corne
             ;
             yet
             how
             I
             may
             recommend
             this
             experiment
             to
             our
             nation
             I
             am
             vncertaine
             ,
             because
             the
             much
             moysture
             of
             our
             climat
             ,
             and
             the
             cold
             rawnesse
             thereof
             promisseth
             a
             contrary
             effect
             for
             the
             great
             enemies
             vnto
             graine
             ,
             are
             violent
             cold
             and
             moysture
             ,
             and
             with
             vs
             it
             is
             very
             difficult
             to
             make
             any
             cauerns
             vnder
             the
             earth
             but
             they
             must
             bee
             subiect
             ;
             vnto
             both
             ;
             therefore
             onely
             to
             those
             which
             liue
             in
             hot
             sandy
             countreys
             high
             and
             free
             from
             springs
             or
             waters
             ,
             or
             in
             dry
             and
             rocky
             grounds
             ,
             where
             these
             mines
             or
             hollow
             places
             may
             be
             hewed
             out
             ,
             as
             in
             a
             maine
             and
             firme
             quarry
             ,
             I
             recommend
             the
             tryall
             of
             this
             practise
             ,
             with
             this
             assurance
             ,
             that
             where
             the
             ground
             is
             fit
             for
             this
             purpose
             ,
             as
             in
             any
             of
             your
             sand
             grounds
             or
             grauelly
             earthes
             ,
             as
             in
             Norfolke
             ,
             
             Middlesexe
             ,
             Kent
             ,
             and
             many
             other
             sandy
             climats
             ;
             or
             in
             rocky
             situations
             as
             in
             Nottingham
             ,
             Bathe
             ,
             Bristol
             ,
             and
             such
             like
             ,
             you
             may
             keep
             your
             wheat
             ,
             good
             ,
             sound
             ,
             firme
             and
             free
             from
             all
             annoyances
             ,
             euen
             as
             long
             as
             you
             shall
             please
             to
             keep
             it
             ,
             both
             without
             putrifaction
             in
             it self
             ,
             or
             waste
             made
             by
             other
             deuoring
             worms
             &
             vermin
             :
             but
             if
             in
             a
             more
             moyst
             place
             ,
             as
             in
             a
             clay
             or
             other
             mixt
             earth
             which
             euer
             is
             vomiting
             wet
             and
             dewish
             humours
             ,
             you
             are
             forced
             to
             approue
             this
             experiment
             :
             then
             you
             must
             necessarily
             lime
             all
             your
             caue
             or
             hallow
             mine
             within
             ,
             at
             least
             halfe
             a
             foot
             thicke
             with
             tyle
             shred
             and
             plaster
             laid
             wall-like
             together
             ,
             and
             then
             the
             plaster
             dawbde
             at
             least
             three
             fingers
             thicke
             aboue
             all
             ,
             and
             so
             you
             may
             keepe
             your
             corne
             as
             safe
             and
             as
             sound
             as
             in
             any
             hot
             soile
             whatsoeuer
             ,
             but
             without
             it
             your
             corne
             will
             not
             indure
             a
             weeke
             without
             rottennesse
             ,
             faughtinesse
             ,
             mouldinesse
             and
             stinking
             .
             To
             conclude
             ,
             hauing
             shewed
             you
             all
             the
             most
             approued
             &
             best
             experiments
             ,
             for
             the
             keeping
             and
             preferuing
             of
             wheat
             ,
             there
             is
             not
             any
             better
             ,
             or
             so
             good
             as
             this
             last
             poore
             silly
             plaine
             one
             ,
             which
             I
             will
             heare
             deliuer
             ;
             &
             that
             is
             ,
             first
             (
             as
             neere
             as
             you
             can
             )
             reape
             your
             wheat
             at
             the
             change
             of
             the
             Moone
             ,
             for
             wheat
             which
             is
             so
             reaped
             ,
             is
             sedome
             or
             neuer
             subiect
             to
             losse
             or
             putrifaction
             (
             being
             gotten
             dry
             and
             in
             husbandly
             maner
             ordred
             &
             handled
             )
             because
             that
             celestial
             body
             hath
             such
             a
             power
             and
             influence
             in
             the
             growth
             of
             corne
             and
             seeds
             ,
             that
             as
             she
             groweth
             ,
             so
             they
             grow
             ,
             and
             as
             she
             waneth
             ,
             so
             they
             abate
             and
             wither
             ,
             and
             truely
             for
             mine
             owne
             part
             in
             my
             poore
             husbandry
             ,
             I
             haue
             made
             this
             obseruation
             ,
             that
             I
             haue
             reaped
             corne
             at
             the
             beginning
             of
             the
             wane
             (
             to
             mine
             eye
             and
             iudgement
             )
             great
             ,
             full
             and
             bold
             ,
             (
             as
             the
             Plowman
             cals
             it
             )
             and
             within
             few
             dayes
             after
             when
             it
             came
             to
             thrashing
             ,
             I
             haue
             
             found
             it
             most
             poore
             ,
             hungry
             and
             small
             Corne
             ,
             no●…
             could
             giue
             or
             find
             any
             other
             reason
             for
             the
             sam
             but
             that
             it
             was
             reaped
             in
             an
             ill
             and
             most
             vnseasonable
             time
             ,
             for
             on
             the
             contrary
             part
             ,
             I
             haue
             euer
             found
             tha
             Corne
             reaped
             vpon
             the
             change
             ,
             being
             ripe
             ,
             full
             ,
             and
             euery
             way
             fit
             for
             the
             barne
             (
             and
             the
             weather
             faire
             and
             dry
             aboue
             head
             )
             it
             hath
             neuer
             altered
             but
             kept
             his
             first
             and
             perfit
             goodnes
             ,
             so
             that
             I
             cannot
             chuse
             but
             in
             this
             case
             thinke
             the
             obseruation
             of
             the
             Moone
             ,
             to
             be
             a
             thing
             of
             great
             effect
             and
             validity
             ,
             appointed
             by
             God
             as
             a
             secondary
             meanes
             for
             our
             helpe
             and
             profit
             ;
             when
             therefore
             your
             Corne
             is
             thus
             seasonably
             and
             well
             got
             ,
             you
             shall
             thrash
             it
             ,
             window
             it
             and
             dresse
             it
             so
             cleane
             as
             you
             can
             ,
             then
             carry
             it
             vp
             into
             your
             chambers
             or
             lofts
             appointed
             for
             that
             purpose
             ,
             and
             whose
             floores
             by
             all
             meanes
             ,
             I
             would
             wish
             to
             be
             cast
             of
             the
             best
             plaster
             ,
             for
             boards
             are
             too
             hot
             ,
             and
             clay
             is
             to
             apt
             to
             breed
             vermine
             :
             On
             this
             plaster
             floore
             ,
             you
             shall
             spread
             your
             wheat
             not
             aboue
             a
             foot
             d●…pe
             at
             the
             vttermost
             ,
             and
             so
             let
             it
             lie
             ;
             obseruing
             once
             in
             foure
             or
             fiue
             dayes
             at
             the
             most
             ,
             with
             a
             large
             wooden
             shouell
             ,
             to
             turne
             the
             wheat
             quite
             ouer
             and
             ouer
             ,
             and
             thus
             doing
             ,
             you
             shall
             be
             sure
             to
             keepe
             it
             as
             sweet
             ,
             found
             and
             good
             as
             when
             it
             came
             first
             into
             the
             barne
             ;
             for
             neither
             can
             the
             heat
             ,
             sweat
             nor
             coldnesse
             offend
             it
             ,
             the
             first
             being
             cooled
             and
             tempered
             by
             the
             opening
             and
             dipersing
             ;
             the
             second
             dryed
             vp
             by
             the
             ayre
             which
             hath
             free
             recourse
             into
             it
             ,
             and
             the
             last
             comforted
             by
             the
             labour
             and
             tossing
             of
             the
             shouell
             ,
             casting
             it
             vp
             and
             downe
             from
             one
             place
             to
             another
             ;
             and
             though
             some
             curious
             husbands
             may
             obiect
             that
             this
             maner
             of
             keeping
             Corn
             dryeth
             it
             somwhat
             too
             much
             ,
             and
             thereby
             disableth
             it
             for
             some
             particular
             purposes
             as
             for
             seed
             ,
             and
             such
             like
             ;
             yet
             in
             that
             they
             are
             much
             mistaken
             ;
             
             for
             this
             stirring
             and
             moouing
             of
             graine
             ,
             is
             not
             a
             drying
             of
             it
             ,
             but
             rather
             a
             great
             comforter
             and
             strengthener
             of
             it
             dispersing
             backe
             into
             the
             Corne
             ,
             those
             wholesome
             vapours
             which
             should
             doe
             it
             good
             (
             by
             way
             of
             communication
             and
             fellowship
             with
             the
             Graine
             )
             and
             expelling
             those
             ill
             humours
             which
             sweating
             out
             of
             it
             would
             otherwise
             confound
             and
             hurt
             it
             ,
             so
             that
             in
             conclusion
             for
             the
             true
             and
             long
             keeping
             of
             wheat
             ,
             sweet
             ,
             sound
             and
             perfit
             without
             losse
             or
             corruption
             ,
             there
             is
             no
             way
             more
             safe
             or
             easie
             then
             this
             last
             expressed
             ,
             being
             of
             all
             other
             the
             best
             ,
             although
             in
             shew
             it
             appeare
             sleight
             and
             triuiall
             ,
             as
             for
             the
             most
             part
             things
             of
             greatest
             moment
             in
             this
             nature
             doe
             ;
             but
             to
             the
             iudiciall
             Husbandman
             I
             referrc
             it
             ,
             whose
             ayme
             is
             at
             the
             worth
             and
             substance
             not
             at
             the
             words
             and
             curious
             glosse
             ,
             set
             foorth
             in
             strange
             ingredians
             .
          
           
             Touching
             the
             keeping
             of
             Rye
             or
             Massine
             ,
             or
             as
             
             some
             call
             it
             Munck-corne
             or
             Blend-corne
             ,
             being
             part
             Rye
             ,
             and
             part
             Wheate
             mixed
             together
             ,
             that
             which
             preserueth
             Wheat
             will
             also
             preserue
             it
             ,
             for
             they
             are
             Graine
             of
             like
             nature
             ,
             onely
             the
             Rye
             is
             somewhat
             hotter
             and
             dryer
             ,
             and
             therefore
             will
             endure
             somewhat
             more
             moysture
             ,
             yet
             to
             speake
             particularly
             touching
             the
             preseruation
             of
             Rye
             ,
             there
             is
             nothing
             better
             then
             the
             Plaster
             floore
             and
             oft
             turning
             ;
             the
             closse
             Hutch
             is
             also
             excceding
             good
             ,
             so
             is
             the
             Pipe
             or
             Dryfatte
             ,
             but
             being
             once
             opened
             and
             the
             ayre
             entring
             into
             the
             Corne
             ,
             except
             it
             be
             soone
             spent
             ,
             it
             will
             soone
             putrifie
             ,
             for
             though
             in
             the
             close
             keeping
             it
             last
             long
             ,
             yet
             when
             it
             comes
             to
             the
             ayre
             ,
             it
             quickly
             receiucs
             tainte
             .
             Lastly
             ,
             for
             the
             profite
             in
             keeping
             of
             Rye
             ,
             indeede
             there
             is
             nothing
             better
             then
             to
             
             pile
             it
             and
             tread
             it
             hard
             into
             dry
             vessels
             or
             barrels
             ,
             wherein
             Salt
             hath
             been
             much
             ledged
             ,
             or
             other
             brine
             or
             salt
             matter
             ;
             prouided
             alwaies
             that
             the
             vessels
             be
             sweet
             and
             vntainted
             ,
             no
             waies
             subiect
             to
             faughtinesse
             ,
             or
             other
             vnsauory
             smels
             ,
             from
             which
             there
             is
             no
             preseruation
             .
          
           
             Concerning
             the
             preseruation
             &
             keeping
             of
             Beanes
             ,
             
             which
             are
             indeed
             a
             more
             grosse
             and
             fatter
             Graine
             then
             any
             heretofore
             written
             of
             ,
             &
             out
             of
             the
             fulnees
             of
             their
             substance
             ,
             more
             subiect
             to
             moysture
             and
             those
             dankish
             humors
             which
             corrupt
             corne
             :
             the
             carefull
             Husbandman
             obserueth
             two
             rules
             ;
             first
             ,
             not
             to
             thrashe
             any
             Beans
             or
             Pulsse
             ,
             more
             then
             for
             necessary
             vse
             (
             as
             for
             the
             Stable
             or
             the
             Mill
             )
             before
             it
             be
             midde
             March
             ,
             at
             which
             time
             the
             Graine
             hauing
             taken
             a
             kindly
             sweat
             in
             the
             mow
             ,
             Stack
             or
             houel
             is
             become
             so
             dry
             ,
             firme
             and
             solid
             ,
             that
             no
             floare
             ,
             wall
             ,
             or
             other
             place
             of
             leare
             ,
             can
             make
             it
             relent
             or
             giue
             againe
             (
             except
             great
             abuse
             and
             too
             much
             moist
             keeping
             :
             for
             it
             is
             to
             be
             vnderstood
             ,
             that
             this
             sort
             of
             Pusse
             or
             Graine
             is
             of
             it selfe
             so
             exceeding
             moist
             and
             apt
             to
             sweat
             in
             the
             moow
             ,
             that
             all
             Husbandmen
             indeauour
             by
             no
             meanes
             to
             house
             it
             ,
             or
             lay
             it
             within
             dores
             ,
             but
             seek
             to
             make
             it
             vp
             in
             stacks
             and
             houels
             without
             doores
             ;
             not
             so
             much
             that
             houseroome
             is
             wanting
             ,
             as
             that
             the
             benfit
             of
             the
             Sunne
             and
             Aire
             which
             pierceth
             through
             the
             same
             ,
             drieth
             &
             ripeneth
             the
             corne
             in
             such
             kindly
             manner
             ,
             as
             maketh
             it
             as
             seruiceable
             as
             any
             other
             :
             and
             indeed
             ,
             the
             first
             inuention
             of
             Stacks
             ,
             Houels
             ,
             Reeks
             ,
             and
             such
             like
             ,
             did
             not
             spring
             so
             much
             from
             the
             want
             of
             housing
             ,
             as
             from
             the
             good
             &
             profit
             which
             the
             Husbanman
             found
             to
             acrue
             to
             this
             kind
             of
             Graine
             onely
             by
             reason
             of
             laying
             it
             abroad
             ;
             for
             it
             is
             certaine
             ,
             that
             Beanes
             &
             Pease
             neither
             grow
             together
             ,
             nor
             ripen
             
             together
             ,
             but
             put
             forth
             their
             increase
             one
             after
             another
             ;
             for
             you
             shall
             see
             vpon
             one
             Stake
             ,
             bloomes
             ,
             swads
             ,
             and
             ripe
             cods
             ;
             so
             likewise
             in
             the
             gathering
             of
             Pulse
             (
             when
             it
             is
             reaped
             from
             the
             ground
             )
             you
             shall
             see
             some
             dry
             and
             withered
             ,
             some
             ripe
             ,
             some
             halfe
             ripe
             ,
             some
             absolutely
             greene
             ,
             and
             as
             but
             new
             in
             growing
             .
          
           
             Now
             all
             these
             must
             be
             reapt
             together
             ,
             and
             if
             you
             stay
             them
             in
             the
             field
             till
             all
             be
             of
             like
             drinesse
             ,
             questionlesse
             the
             oldest
             will
             shake
             &
             shed
             vpon
             the
             ground
             before
             the
             yongest
             be
             ripned
             ,
             and
             what
             that
             losse
             will
             redound
             to
             ,
             euery
             husbandman
             can
             iudge
             ;
             so
             also
             to
             howse
             and
             moow
             vp
             in
             closse
             moow
             ,
             the
             dry
             pulse
             with
             the
             greene
             ,
             surely
             the
             greene
             cannot
             chuse
             but
             inflame
             and
             heat
             the
             dry
             ,
             and
             the
             dry
             so
             heated
             ,
             giue
             fire
             to
             the
             greene
             till
             both
             be
             either
             rotted
             or
             consumed
             :
             and
             hence
             it
             came
             ,
             that
             expert
             husbandmen
             deuised
             to
             lay
             their
             pulse
             for
             the
             most
             part
             euer
             without
             dores
             in
             Stacks
             ,
             Reeks
             and
             Houels
             ,
             that
             the
             Sun
             and
             wind
             passing
             thorow
             them
             might
             bring
             all
             the
             graine
             to
             an
             equall
             drinesse
             and
             hardnesse
             .
          
           
             Againe
             ,
             Pulse
             being
             of
             all
             Graine
             the
             coursest
             and
             fullest
             of
             substance
             in
             it selfe
             ,
             and
             the
             Straw
             euer
             big
             and
             substantiall
             ,
             and
             full
             of
             broad
             thicke
             leaues
             euer
             moyst
             and
             sappy
             ;
             it
             must
             needs
             follow
             that
             this
             Graine
             must
             euer
             be
             most
             apt
             to
             sweat
             in
             the
             moow
             ,
             and
             so
             necessarily
             craueth
             the
             greatest
             store
             of
             ayre
             ,
             and
             the
             longest
             time
             in
             drying
             ;
             so
             that
             to
             returne
             to
             my
             first
             purpose
             ,
             it
             must
             needs
             follow
             ,
             that
             no
             Beanes
             or
             Pease
             can
             be
             fully
             ripe
             or
             seasoned
             in
             the
             moow
             ,
             til
             it
             be
             mid
             March
             at
             the
             least
             ;
             for
             it
             is
             an
             old
             saying
             amongst
             the
             best
             husbands
             ,
             
               I
               hat
               March
               wind
               is
               a
               salt
               which
               seasoneth
               all
               Pulse
               :
            
             And
             if
             vse
             or
             necessity
             compell
             men
             to
             thrash
             their
             Pulse
             before
             that
             time
             the
             graine
             is
             so
             imperfect
             ,
             
             that
             of
             force
             it
             must
             be
             kilne
             dried
             ,
             or
             els
             it
             is
             fit
             neither
             for
             the
             vse
             of
             bread
             nor
             prouender
             .
          
           
             Now
             herein
             is
             to
             be
             vnderstood
             that
             Pease
             or
             Beanes
             which
             are
             kiln
             dried
             may
             be
             kept
             sound
             ,
             sweet
             and
             good
             ,
             either
             on
             plaster
             floores
             ,
             boarded
             floores
             ,
             or
             earthy
             floores
             ,
             the
             space
             of
             many
             yeares
             without
             turning
             or
             tossing
             ;
             nor
             need
             you
             to
             respect
             how
             thick
             the
             heape
             lye
             ,
             since
             Beanes
             after
             they
             are
             once
             dried
             on
             the
             kilne
             ,
             or
             in
             the
             Sunne
             ,
             neuer
             after
             will
             thawe
             ,
             giue
             againe
             or
             relent
             ,
             butremaine
             in
             their
             first
             soundnesse
             .
             But
             if
             you
             preserue
             your
             Beanes
             for
             other
             vses
             ,
             as
             to
             boyle
             in
             your
             pot
             and
             feed
             your
             seruants
             withal
             ,
             as
             is
             vsed
             in
             Somersetshire
             ,
             and
             many
             other
             Westerly
             parts
             of
             this
             Kingdome
             ,
             then
             it
             shall
             be
             good
             for
             you
             to
             take
             oyle
             Barrels
             ,
             oyle
             Caske
             that
             is
             sweet
             ,
             and
             first
             chalke
             them
             all
             ouer
             within
             and
             without
             with
             ashes
             ,
             and
             then
             put
             your
             Beanes
             therein
             ,
             and
             close
             vp
             the
             heads
             ,
             and
             as
             it
             is
             affirmed
             by
             diuers
             great
             Authors
             of
             Husbandry
             ,
             it
             will
             keepe
             Beanes
             sound
             ,
             sweet
             ,
             and
             good
             ,
             twenty
             yeares
             :
             nay
             ,
             some
             giue
             instances
             of
             Beanes
             which
             haue
             bene
             thus
             kept
             and
             preserued
             the
             space
             of
             one
             hundred
             and
             twenty
             yeares
             ;
             and
             surely
             I
             am
             perswaded
             that
             if
             Beanes
             be
             well
             and
             dry
             got
             ,
             and
             thrasht
             at
             a
             seasonable
             time
             of
             the
             yeare
             ,
             as
             in
             March
             or
             Aprill
             ,
             that
             then
             thus
             kept
             ,
             they
             will
             last
             the
             vttermost
             of
             a
             mans
             pleasure
             .
          
           
             Now
             for
             the
             keeping
             and
             preseruing
             of
             Pease
             or
             
             Fetches
             ,
             which
             of
             all
             other
             Graine
             whatsoeuer
             ,
             is
             most
             subect
             to
             rottennesse
             and
             imperfection
             ,
             because
             out
             of
             it
             owne
             nature
             it
             is
             apt
             to
             breed
             wormes
             ,
             weauils
             and
             mytes
             ,
             by
             reason
             of
             the
             much
             lushious
             sweetnesse
             of
             the
             kernell
             of
             the
             Graine
             ;
             you
             shall
             in
             all
             things
             obserue
             the
             same
             courses
             that
             you
             do
             with
             your
             
             Beanes
             ,
             both
             touching
             their
             gathering
             ,
             drying
             ,
             stacking
             ,
             and
             also
             thrashing
             ,
             for
             as
             they
             are
             most
             aptest
             to
             grow
             together
             being
             neare
             of
             nature
             and
             condition
             one
             to
             the
             other
             ,
             so
             it
             is
             fit
             that
             vnto
             them
             you
             doe
             apply
             one
             and
             the
             selfe-same
             medicine
             or
             remedy
             .
          
           
             And
             herein
             is
             to
             be
             noted
             ,
             that
             as
             Pease
             are
             of
             more
             generall
             vse
             ●…hen
             Beanes
             ,
             as
             for
             horse-prouender
             ,
             feeding
             of
             Swine
             ,
             Pigeons
             ,
             Pullen
             and
             such
             like
             ;
             as
             also
             for
             bread
             ,
             pottage
             ,
             to
             boyle
             with
             or
             without
             meate
             ,
             for
             certainly
             it
             is
             a
             most
             wholesome
             and
             strong
             food
             as
             may
             be
             seene
             by
             the
             people
             of
             Deuon-shire
             ,
             Cornwall
             and
             Sommerset-shire
             ,
             to
             whose
             great
             strength
             of
             body
             not
             any
             reason
             can
             be
             giuen
             more
             probablie
             then
             their
             much
             feeding
             on
             this
             graine
             ,
             and
             theit
             acquaintance
             with
             much
             and
             strong
             labour
             ,
             so
             they
             ought
             with
             more
             care
             and
             circumspection
             to
             be
             preserued
             from
             all
             those
             anoyances
             that
             naturally
             are
             apt
             to
             hurt
             them
             ,
             as
             wormes
             ,
             rottennes
             ,
             mould
             ,
             mustinesse
             ,
             and
             such
             like
             .
          
           
             And
             first
             there
             is
             nothing
             better
             for
             the
             long
             and
             well
             keeping
             of
             Peasse
             ,
             then
             the
             very
             well
             drying
             of
             them
             ,
             either
             in
             the
             Sunne
             or
             on
             the
             kilne
             ,
             especially
             those
             which
             you
             vse
             for
             bread
             ,
             prouender
             or
             feeding
             of
             Swine
             ,
             and
             although
             some
             Husbands
             vse
             to
             feed
             their
             Swine
             with
             vndryed
             pease
             ,
             nay
             many
             times
             both
             vndryed
             and
             vndrest
             ,
             that
             is
             to
             say
             the
             pulse
             or
             chaffe
             not
             taken
             away
             ,
             and
             are
             of
             opinion
             that
             the
             Graine
             so
             giuen
             sooner
             feedeth
             and
             puffeth
             vp
             Swine
             then
             the
             other
             ,
             yet
             they
             are
             deceiued
             ;
             for
             albeit
             it
             swel
             and
             puffe
             vp
             a
             beast
             ,
             yet
             is
             the
             flesh
             and
             fatte
             neither
             so
             good
             sound
             and
             long
             lasting
             ,
             as
             that
             which
             is
             gotten
             with
             dry
             foode
             ,
             nor
             
             doth
             it
             make
             a
             Swine
             so
             thirsty
             ,
             and
             the
             Husbandman
             is
             euer
             assured
             that
             when
             his
             Swine
             drinks
             not
             well
             ,
             he
             feeds
             not
             well
             ;
             therefore
             what
             Pease
             you
             keepe
             for
             bread
             or
             feeding
             of
             Cattle
             ,
             by
             all
             meanes
             dry
             them
             well
             ,
             and
             lay
             them
             either
             in
             Garners
             or
             Floores
             ,
             and
             they
             wil
             last
             sound
             and
             good
             without
             breeding
             worms
             or
             weauils
             ,
             as
             long
             time
             as
             you
             please
             .
             But
             those
             which
             you
             keepe
             for
             foode
             at
             your
             owne
             table
             ,
             as
             in
             pottage
             ,
             or
             other
             vses
             ,
             which
             must
             by
             no
             means
             be
             two
             much
             dryed
             ,
             because
             then
             they
             aske
             a
             double
             time
             in
             boyling
             ,
             and
             spend
             a
             double
             quantity
             of
             fuell
             in
             their
             preparing
             .
             Some
             vse
             after
             they
             be
             cleane
             thrasht
             and
             drest
             to
             lay
             them
             in
             a
             coole
             close
             Garnor
             ,
             either
             of
             Plaster
             ,
             earth
             or
             boards
             ,
             of
             which
             ,
             Plaster
             is
             the
             best
             ;
             as
             for
             any
             thing
             that
             relenteth
             or
             yeeldeth
             moysture
             ,
             as
             Lime
             ,
             stone
             walles
             ,
             or
             such
             like
             ,
             it
             is
             most
             hurtful
             ,
             and
             immediatly
             maketh
             pease
             mould
             and
             rot
             :
             also
             it
             is
             good
             to
             lay
             your
             pease
             in
             thicke
             heapes
             in
             you
             garner
             ,
             for
             that
             will
             preserue
             them
             moyst
             the
             longest
             time
             ,
             but
             to
             spread
             them
             thin
             vpon
             the
             floore
             by
             which
             meanes
             the
             Sunne
             ,
             Ayre
             ,
             and
             Winde
             may
             passe
             thorow
             them
             is
             not
             so
             good
             ,
             for
             it
             drieth
             them
             too
             so
             are
             ,
             and
             taketh
             from
             them
             much
             of
             their
             sweetnesse
             and
             goodnesse
             ,
             which
             ought
             most
             carefully
             to
             be
             preserued
             .
             There
             be
             others
             which
             preserue
             these
             tender
             meat
             Pease
             by
             thrashing
             them
             vp
             ,
             and
             then
             letting
             them
             lye
             in
             their
             owne
             pulsse
             or
             chaffe
             ,
             and
             not
             dressing
             them
             but
             as
             they
             haue
             occasion
             to
             vse
             them
             ,
             and
             questionlesse
             this
             is
             a
             very
             good
             &
             laudable
             way
             ,
             for
             the
             pulsse
             or
             chaffe
             doth
             mainetaine
             th●…m
             sweet
             &
             moyst
             ,
             and
             yet
             keepeth
             them
             withall
             so
             warme
             and
             comfortable
             ,
             that
             they
             last
             much
             longer
             then
             any
             other
             way
             wha●…soeuer
             ,
             and
             in
             this
             manner
             of
             preseruing
             Pease
             is
             to
             be
             noted
             ,
             that
             
             by
             all
             meanes
             you
             must
             let
             them
             lie
             vpon
             a
             dry
             earth
             floare
             ,
             so
             long
             as
             they
             are
             in
             the
             chaffe
             ,
             rather
             then
             on
             the
             boards
             or
             on
             plaster
             ,
             and
             yet
             in
             this
             case
             the
             boards
             are
             better
             then
             plaster
             .
          
           
             Lastly
             ,
             and
             which
             indeed
             is
             the
             best
             experiment
             of
             all
             other
             ,
             if
             you
             intend
             to
             keepe
             Pease
             any
             extraordinary
             long
             time
             ,
             you
             shall
             take
             Barrels
             or
             dry
             Caske
             ,
             wel
             and
             strongly
             bound
             ,
             and
             pitch
             them
             within
             exceeding
             well
             ,
             with
             the
             best
             pitch
             or
             bytumen
             that
             you
             can
             get
             ,
             and
             then
             sprinkle
             the
             pitch
             al
             ouer
             with
             strong
             vinegar
             ;
             then
             take
             your
             Pease
             ,
             being
             cleane
             and
             well
             drest
             ,
             and
             put
             them
             into
             the
             Barrels
             ,
             pressing
             them
             downe
             closse
             and
             hard
             ,
             then
             head
             vp
             the
             Barrels
             ,
             and
             let
             them
             stand
             dry
             and
             coole
             ,
             and
             they
             will
             preserue
             your
             Pease
             sonnd
             ,
             sweet
             and
             good
             for
             any
             vse
             whatsoeuer
             as
             long
             as
             you
             please
             ,
             be
             it
             for
             ten
             ,
             twenty
             ,
             or
             thirty
             yeares
             ,
             according
             to
             the
             opinions
             of
             ancient
             Husbandmen
             and
             other
             prouant
             masters
             that
             haue
             liued
             and
             commanded
             in
             townes
             besieged
             ,
             and
             townes
             of
             Garrison
             ;
             neither
             shall
             any
             worme
             ,
             mite
             or
             weauell
             ,
             euer
             breed
             in
             it
             or
             offend
             it
             ,
             nay
             if
             any
             haue
             in
             former
             time
             been
             bred
             in
             them
             ,
             this
             manner
             of
             keeping
             the
             Graine
             ,
             killeth
             them
             and
             destroyeth
             them
             for
             euer
             .
          
           
             Now
             there
             is
             another
             sort
             of
             Pulse
             which
             are
             called
             
             Lentils
             or
             Lupins
             ,
             which
             albeit
             they
             are
             not
             so
             generally
             vsed
             for
             the
             food
             or
             sustenance
             of
             man
             ,
             yet
             they
             are
             for
             horse
             ,
             swine
             ,
             and
             other
             cattell
             as
             much
             in
             request
             as
             any
             Graine
             whatsoeuer
             ,
             and
             indeed
             doe
             feed
             fatter
             and
             sooner
             then
             other
             ordinary
             Pulse
             ,
             and
             the
             flesh
             so
             fed
             is
             sweeter
             and
             pleasanter
             both
             to
             the
             eye
             and
             to
             the
             taste
             ,
             then
             that
             which
             is
             fed
             with
             Beanes
             or
             Pease
             ;
             also
             they
             are
             a
             Pulse
             very
             Physical
             and
             good
             for
             many
             ;
             medicines
             ,
             as
             may
             appeare
             by
             the
             workes
             of
             
             many
             learned
             Phisitians
             ;
             &
             these
             the
             longer
             they
             are
             kept
             ,
             the
             better
             they
             are
             ,
             and
             fuller
             of
             profit
             .
             To
             preserue
             them
             then
             in
             good
             and
             sound
             estate
             ,
             it
             is
             meet
             to
             reape
             them
             in
             very
             faire
             weather
             ,
             and
             to
             Stacke
             them
             vp
             exceeding
             dry
             ,
             &
             if
             they
             be
             laid
             in
             the
             Barne
             ,
             or
             any
             close
             house
             ,
             it
             is
             not
             amisse
             ,
             for
             they
             wil
             endure
             houssing
             better
             then
             any
             other
             pulse
             ,
             yet
             the
             sooner
             you
             beat
             them
             out
             of
             the
             straw
             or
             thrash
             them
             vp
             ,
             the
             better
             it
             is
             ,
             for
             husbandmen
             suppose
             there
             is
             no
             greater
             hurt
             to
             this
             kind
             of
             Graine
             ,
             then
             the
             long
             keeping
             it
             in
             the
             straw
             ,
             for
             it
             is
             of
             such
             ranknesse
             ,
             that
             the
             very
             straw
             and
             cods
             breed
             in
             it
             much
             putrifaction
             ;
             and
             I
             my
             selse
             obserued
             both
             in
             Spaine
             and
             in
             the
             neighbor
             Islands
             ,
             where
             is
             great
             abundance
             of
             this
             kind
             of
             graine
             ,
             that
             they
             do
             no
             sooner
             gather
             it
             and
             bring
             it
             home
             ,
             but
             immediatly
             they
             thrash
             it
             ;
             nay
             ,
             some
             thrash
             it
             in
             the
             fields
             vpon
             the
             lands
             where
             it
             growes
             ,
             and
             so
             bring
             it
             home
             ,
             then
             spread
             it
             on
             faire
             boarded
             floores
             in
             very
             great
             heapes
             ,
             or
             else
             lay
             it
             vp
             in
             close
             hutches
             ,
             or
             bings
             ,
             such
             as
             wheate
             and
             other
             white
             graine
             is
             to
             be
             kept
             in
             :
             If
             you
             dry
             this
             kind
             of
             Pulse
             in
             the
             Sun
             ,
             or
             vpon
             a
             kilne
             ,
             with
             a
             very
             moderate
             and
             soft
             fire
             ,
             and
             then
             lay
             it
             vp
             either
             in
             close
             garner
             ,
             or
             close
             hutch
             ,
             it
             will
             last
             many
             yeare
             sound
             ,
             good
             ,
             and
             without
             corruption
             ;
             there
             be
             other
             husbandmen
             which
             mixe
             with
             this
             graine
             when
             it
             is
             thrasht
             ,
             a
             halfe
             part
             of
             hot
             ,
             dry
             ,
             white
             sand
             ,
             or
             at
             least
             couer
             the
             whole
             heape
             of
             Pulse
             with
             the
             sand
             ,
             and
             do
             find
             that
             it
             keepes
             the
             graine
             very
             sound
             &
             good
             many
             yeres
             together
             .
             But
             to
             conclude
             ,
             if
             you
             take
             strong
             vinegar
             ,
             &
             a
             good
             quantity
             of
             L●…cerpitium
             ,
             and
             dissolue
             and
             mixe
             them
             very
             wel
             together
             ,
             and
             then
             hauing
             laid
             your
             lentils
             or
             lupins
             together
             on
             a
             faire
             boarded
             floore
             ,
             in
             large
             ,
             broad
             and
             flat
             heapes
             
             about
             two
             foot
             ,
             or
             two
             foot
             and
             a
             halfe
             thicke
             with
             the
             vinegar
             and
             Lacerpitium
             sprinkle
             ouer
             all
             the
             heape
             and
             not
             any
             change
             of
             weather
             ,
             frosts
             ,
             wormes
             or
             other
             vermine
             shall
             doe
             them
             hurt
             ,
             but
             they
             shall
             remaine
             sound
             and
             good
             as
             many
             yeares
             as
             you
             please
             to
             keepe
             them
             .
             There
             are
             other
             husbandmen
             that
             instead
             of
             this
             before
             rehearsed
             ,
             take
             only
             sweet
             oyle
             ,
             &
             sprinkle
             it
             all
             ouer
             the
             grain
             ,
             and
             find
             the
             same
             vertue
             and
             effect
             ,
             for
             neither
             wormes
             nor
             other
             vermine
             will
             touch
             it
             ,
             nor
             will
             the
             radicall
             humour
             thereof
             at
             any
             time
             waste
             or
             decay
             ,
             but
             remaine
             strong
             ,
             full
             &
             found
             without
             any
             kind
             of
             diminishing
             ,
             nor
             shal
             you
             find
             any
             abatement
             of
             it
             ,
             shrinking
             in
             the
             measure
             ,
             but
             that
             which
             was
             a
             bushell
             ,
             this
             yeare
             will
             be
             also
             a
             bushell
             ,
             the
             next
             yeare
             ,
             and
             as
             many
             yeres
             after
             as
             you
             please
             ;
             which
             is
             no
             small
             profit
             to
             the
             owner
             :
             whereas
             on
             the
             contrary
             part
             if
             the
             graine
             be
             either
             dryed
             in
             the
             Sun
             ,
             on
             the
             kilne
             ,
             or
             by
             the
             wind
             ,
             you
             shal
             hardly
             haue
             of
             euery
             such
             bushel
             so
             dried
             ,
             three
             pecks
             and
             a
             halfe
             again
             ,
             which
             is
             by
             computation
             at
             euery
             quarter
             which
             is
             eight
             bushels
             full
             one
             bushell
             lost
             ,
             and
             yet
             this
             Pulse
             thus
             preferued
             as
             before
             said
             shall
             be
             as
             good
             for
             any
             vse
             whatsoeuer
             fit
             for
             such
             Corne
             to
             be
             imploied
             in
             ,
             as
             any
             other
             dried
             graine
             whatsoeuer
             ,
             and
             yeeld
             as
             much
             euery
             way
             ,
             and
             altogether
             as
             good
             meale
             ,
             and
             as
             good
             meate
             ,
          
           
             Now
             touching
             the
             preseruing
             and
             keeping
             of
             Oats
             
             it
             is
             to
             be
             vnderstood
             that
             of
             all
             Graine
             it
             is
             least
             casuall
             ,
             because
             of
             it selfe
             naturally
             it
             breedeth
             no
             euill
             〈◊〉
             ,
             and
             is
             againe
             preserued
             and
             defended
             with
             a
             double
             huske
             ;
             whereby
             neither
             colde
             ,
             moisture
             ,
             heate
             ,
             nor
             drinesse
             is
             able
             so
             soone
             to
             pierce
             and
             hurt
             it
             as
             other
             graines
             which
             are
             more
             thinne
             clad
             and
             
             tender
             ,
             yet
             because
             it
             is
             of
             great
             and
             necessary
             vse
             both
             for
             cattell
             and
             pullen
             ,
             and
             that
             neither
             the
             husband
             nor
             houswife
             can
             well
             keepe
             house
             without
             it
             ,
             you
             shal
             know
             that
             the
             best
             way
             to
             preserue
             it
             longest
             ,
             is
             ,
             after
             it
             is
             thrasht
             to
             dry
             it
             well
             either
             in
             the
             Sunne
             or
             on
             the
             kilne
             ,
             and
             then
             either
             put
             it
             into
             close
             Garner
             or
             close
             case
             ,
             and
             it
             will
             keepe
             many
             yeres
             sound
             and
             sweet
             .
          
           
             Touching
             the
             preseruing
             of
             Oate-meale
             ,
             which
             is
             
             the
             inner
             kirnell
             of
             the
             Oates
             ,
             and
             a
             graine
             of
             most
             speciall
             vse
             in
             the
             husbandmaus
             house
             ,
             as
             in
             his
             pottage
             ,
             in
             his
             puddings
             ,
             and
             in
             many
             other
             meats
             necessarily
             vsed
             for
             the
             labouring
             man.
             It
             is
             an
             experiment
             not
             altogether
             so
             curious
             as
             any
             of
             the
             rest
             formerly
             written
             of
             for
             no
             oatmeale
             can
             be
             made
             ,
             but
             the
             Oats
             must
             be
             exceedingly
             well
             kilne-dried
             ,
             or
             els
             the
             kirnell
             wil
             not
             part
             from
             the
             hull
             ,
             and
             being
             dried
             ,
             as
             is
             fit
             that
             drying
             is
             sufficient
             to
             keep
             and
             preserue
             the
             oatmeale
             diuers
             yeres
             :
             prouided
             euer
             that
             presently
             after
             the
             making
             of
             your
             oatmele
             ,
             you
             put
             it
             into
             dry
             closse
             cask
             or
             dry
             closse
             garner
             (
             but
             caske
             is
             the
             better
             )
             and
             so
             as
             it
             may
             remaine
             exceeding
             dry
             (
             for
             any
             thaw
             or
             moisture
             corrupts
             it
             )
             and
             as
             neare
             as
             you
             can
             let
             it
             haue
             ,
             if
             it
             be
             possible
             ,
             some
             ayre
             of
             the
             fire
             ,
             for
             the
             warmer
             it
             stands
             ,
             the
             better
             and
             longer
             it
             will
             last
             as
             experience
             sheweth
             .
          
           
             For
             the
             preseruing
             or
             long
             keeping
             of
             any
             sort
             of
             
             meale
             ,
             there
             is
             no
             better
             way
             then
             first
             to
             boult
             and
             searse
             him
             from
             his
             bran
             ,
             for
             the
             branne
             is
             very
             apt
             to
             corrode
             and
             putrifie
             the
             meale
             ,
             and
             to
             bring
             it
             to
             a
             faughtinesse
             or
             mustinesse
             ,
             then
             into
             very
             sweet
             and
             cleane
             dry
             caske
             closse
             and
             well
             bound
             ,
             tread
             in
             your
             meale
             so
             hard
             as
             you
             can
             possible
             tread
             it
             ,
             and
             then
             
             head
             it
             vp
             closse
             ,
             and
             so
             you
             may
             keepe
             it
             either
             by
             land
             or
             water
             as
             long
             as
             you
             please
             ,
             and
             when
             you
             haue
             any
             occasion
             to
             spend
             of
             it
             ,
             be
             sure
             to
             loos●…n
             no
             more
             of
             the
             meale
             then
             you
             presently
             vse
             ,
             for
             the
             faster
             and
             closser
             the
             meale
             lyeth
             together
             ,
             the
             longer
             and
             sweeter
             it
             will
             last
             ,
             for
             it
             is
             the
             gathering
             in
             of
             the
             aire
             that
             onely
             corrupts
             it
             .
          
           
             And
             here
             is
             also
             to
             be
             noted
             ,
             that
             you
             should
             not
             presently
             assoon
             as
             your
             meale
             is
             ground
             ,
             boult
             it
             from
             the
             bran
             ,
             but
             rather
             let
             it
             lye
             a
             weeke
             or
             fortnight
             ,
             in
             the
             branne
             in
             some
             closse
             bing
             or
             trough
             ,
             and
             then
             after
             that
             time
             boult
             or
             searse
             it
             ,
             and
             you
             shall
             find
             it
             to
             afford
             you
             in
             euery
             bushell
             ,
             more
             meale
             by
             at
             least
             halfe
             a
             pecke
             then
             if
             you
             should
             boult
             it
             presently
             assoone
             as
             it
             comes
             from
             the
             mylne
             ,
             whence
             it
             proceeds
             ,
             that
             the
             cunning
             and
             skilfull
             Baker
             will
             euer
             haue
             a
             week
             or
             a
             fortnights
             prouision
             of
             meale
             before
             hand
             ,
             which
             lying
             so
             long
             in
             the
             branne
             ,
             paies
             double
             interest
             for
             the
             continuance
             .
          
           
             Now
             if
             it
             fall
             out
             so
             ,
             that
             either
             by
             trade
             of
             Merchandise
             ,
             or
             other
             occasion
             ,
             you
             buy
             any
             meale
             by
             way
             of
             transsportation
             which
             is
             caskt
             vp
             (
             as
             much
             meale
             is
             should
             by
             the
             barrell
             )
             you
             shall
             then
             presently
             as
             soone
             as
             you
             haue
             bought
             it
             (
             if
             it
             be
             for
             your
             owne
             vse
             or
             expence
             )
             breake
             open
             the
             heads
             and
             empty
             the
             meale
             vpon
             faire
             sheets
             on
             a
             cleane
             floore
             ,
             and
             then
             spreading
             it
             abroad
             ,
             let
             the
             Sunne
             and
             Aire
             passe
             thorow
             it
             which
             will
             dry
             vp
             the
             sweat
             ,
             and
             if
             there
             be
             any
             taint
             or
             faughtinesse
             ,
             take
             it
             away
             ,
             and
             bring
             the
             meale
             to
             his
             first
             sweetnesse
             ,
             and
             then
             immediatly
             boult
             out
             the
             course
             branne
             ,
             and
             after
             as
             was
             before
             declared
             ,
             tread
             it
             hard
             into
             freesh
             and
             sweet
             caske
             :
             and
             thus
             you
             may
             keepe
             your
             prouision
             of
             meale
             all
             the
             yere
             long
             ;
             
             nay
             ,
             if
             need
             require
             two
             or
             three
             yeares
             ,
             for
             after
             the
             first
             sweat
             is
             taken
             away
             and
             kindlie
             dried
             ,
             there
             is
             no
             doubt
             to
             be
             made
             of
             any
             that
             shall
             follow
             after
             .
          
           
             Lastly
             ,
             touching
             the
             preserning
             and
             keeping
             of
             all
             
             maner
             of
             small
             seeds
             of
             what
             nature
             or
             quality
             soeuer
             they
             be
             ,
             whether
             hempe
             ,
             line
             ,
             rape
             ,
             musterseed
             ,
             or
             any
             other
             garden-seed
             whatsoeuer
             ,
             though
             truly
             and
             properly
             they
             last
             neuer
             aboue
             one
             yeare
             ,
             nor
             are
             fit
             for
             seed
             or
             increase
             after
             that
             date
             expired
             ,
             yet
             in
             as
             much
             as
             they
             are
             medicinable
             after
             ,
             and
             a
             much
             longer
             time
             ,
             therefore
             you
             shall
             vnderstand
             that
             the
             best
             way
             to
             keepe
             them
             safe
             and
             sound
             ,
             and
             the
             fittest
             for
             vse
             and
             profit
             ,
             is
             first
             to
             gather
             them
             as
             soone
             as
             you
             perceiue
             them
             to
             be
             ripe
             ,
             and
             the
             weather
             being
             bright
             ,
             cleare
             and
             dry
             ,
             then
             shall
             you
             dry
             or
             wither
             them
             in
             the
             shade
             and
             not
             in
             the
             Sunne
             ,
             especially
             vpon
             a
             plasterfloore
             ,
             where
             the
             light
             looketh
             to
             the
             South
             ,
             and
             be
             sure
             that
             as
             little
             Sunne
             and
             moisture
             come
             to
             them
             as
             you
             can
             ,
             for
             both
             are
             maine
             enemies
             ;
             which
             done
             ,
             bind
             them
             vp
             in
             bundles
             without
             thrashing
             ,
             and
             so
             hang
             them
             vp
             and
             keepe
             them
             in
             their
             owne
             cods
             ,
             and
             they
             will
             last
             for
             all
             vses
             ,
             a
             full
             yeare
             ,
             and
             for
             some
             particular
             vses
             two
             or
             three
             yeares
             ;
             and
             in
             this
             manner
             you
             may
             also
             preserue
             all
             manner
             of
             hearbs
             ,
             weeds
             ,
             flowers
             ,
             rootes
             ,
             and
             the
             barkes
             or
             rinds
             of
             all
             manner
             of
             trees
             .
          
           
             And
             thus
             much
             touching
             the
             preseruation
             of
             all
             manner
             of
             Graine
             ,
             Pulse
             ,
             or
             meale
             ,
             with
             smaller
             seeds
             and
             other
             things
             thereunto
             appertaining
             .
          
        
         
           
           
             CHAP.
             XV.
             
          
           
             
               How
               to
               keepe
               Graine
               ,
               either
               for
               transportation
               by
               Sea
               ,
               or
               for
               vse
               in
               a
               towne
               of
               Warre
               or
               Garrison
               ,
               from
               one
               yeare
               ,
               to
               one
               hundred
               and
               twenty
               .
            
          
           
             OF
             the
             necessity
             of
             this
             knowledge
             there
             needs
             small
             disputation
             both
             in
             respect
             of
             the
             daily
             vse
             therof
             ,
             &
             the
             continuall
             benefit
             is
             found
             thereby
             ,
             as
             also
             in
             as
             much
             as
             trauell
             and
             long
             voyages
             grow
             with
             vs
             in
             these
             latter
             dayes
             still
             more
             and
             more
             ;
             our
             forefathers
             knew
             but
             three
             parts
             of
             the
             world
             ,
             we
             are
             acquainted
             with
             foure
             ,
             and
             there
             is
             constant
             promise
             that
             surely
             our
             children
             shall
             inhabit
             fiue
             :
             so
             excellent
             are
             men
             growne
             in
             all
             the
             Art
             of
             discouerie
             and
             Nauigation
             ;
             neither
             comes
             these
             discoueries
             vnto
             vs
             empty
             handed
             or
             in
             meane
             garments
             ,
             but
             with
             infinite
             bounty
             ,
             and
             such
             wealth
             ,
             that
             industry
             neuer
             thinkes
             himselfe
             so
             happy
             as
             when
             he
             is
             in
             the
             imployment
             as
             our
             frequent
             trade
             can
             witnesse
             ,
             and
             our
             many
             Plantations
             ,
             all
             like
             most
             rich
             flockes
             bringing
             their
             fleeces
             to
             our
             Iland
             ,
             and
             clothing
             it
             more
             rich
             then
             any
             neighbour
             Nation
             whatsoeuer
             :
             then
             sith
             our
             trade
             is
             so
             honourable
             and
             gainefull
             and
             no
             way
             to
             be
             continued
             &
             preserued
             but
             by
             sea-faring
             &
             sea
             iournes
             what
             can
             be
             more
             fit
             ,
             for
             any
             good
             husband
             to
             know
             ,
             then
             that
             which
             is
             the
             strength
             ,
             sinewes
             ,
             nourishment
             and
             ability
             of
             such
             labor
             ,
             which
             indeed
             is
             victuall
             ,
             and
             of
             all
             victuall
             none
             so
             good
             ,
             sound
             ,
             sweet
             ,
             and
             long
             lasting
             ,
             nor
             so
             wholesome
             for
             mans
             body
             ,
             as
             graine
             and
             pulsse
             ,
             for
             all
             (
             God
             be
             thanked
             )
             
             our
             land
             is
             excellently
             stored
             ,
             nay
             farre
             exeeding
             most
             of
             the
             Nations
             in
             Christendome
             ,
             with
             Beefe
             ,
             Bacon
             ,
             Porke
             ,
             Fish
             ,
             Butter
             ,
             Cheese
             ,
             and
             many
             such
             like
             ,
             most
             excellent
             prouissions
             ,
             all
             which
             are
             able
             to
             indure
             the
             sea
             ,
             yet
             seeing
             they
             are
             euer
             falt
             ,
             and
             preserued
             in
             falt
             ,
             they
             doe
             not
             onely
             breed
             in
             men
             the
             Scuruy
             ,
             Iaundise
             Dropsie
             ,
             and
             such
             like
             ;
             but
             many
             other
             contagious
             ,
             as
             Calamtures
             ,
             hot
             Feuers
             ,
             a●…d
             other
             sicknesses
             proceeding
             from
             adust
             and
             choller
             ,
             which
             being
             well
             corrected
             with
             fresh
             meates
             ,
             such
             as
             are
             made
             of
             graine
             and
             Pulse
             ,
             for
             they
             are
             all
             the
             fresh
             meates
             that
             a
             man
             can
             well
             or
             certainly
             carry
             to
             the
             Sea
             in
             a
             tedious
             long
             voyage
             )
             they
             keepe
             men
             able
             and
             in
             strength
             fit
             for
             any
             imployment
             .
          
           
             To
             speake
             then
             of
             the
             Graines
             and
             Pulses
             which
             are
             
             meetest
             for
             the
             sea
             ,
             and
             their
             seuerall
             vses
             .
          
           
             It
             is
             to
             be
             vnderstood
             that
             the
             best
             and
             principallest
             Graine
             which
             is
             indeede
             both
             most
             sweete
             ,
             most
             fresh
             ,
             most
             pleasant
             in
             taste
             ,
             and
             most
             long
             lasting
             ,
             is
             Ryce
             ,
             which
             although
             it
             grow
             not
             much
             in
             our
             
             kingdome
             ,
             but
             that
             we
             are
             beholden
             to
             our
             good
             neighbours
             for
             the
             trade
             thereof
             ,
             yet
             it
             is
             in
             such
             plenty
             ,
             where
             we
             fetch
             it
             ,
             that
             we
             need
             neither
             complaine
             of
             the
             scarcity
             nor
             the
             cost
             ,
             and
             so
             much
             the
             rather
             in
             that
             a
             pecke
             therof
             will
             goe
             further
             then
             a
             bushell
             of
             any
             other
             Graine
             ;
             of
             this
             Ryce
             is
             made
             many
             good
             and
             wholesome
             dishes
             ,
             some
             thicke
             ,
             some
             thinne
             ,
             some
             baked
             ,
             some
             boyld
             ,
             as
             thus
             :
             if
             you
             take
             a
             quarter
             of
             a
             pound
             of
             Ryce
             ,
             and
             boyle
             it
             in
             a
             pottel
             of
             water
             ,
             til
             it
             come
             vnto
             an
             indifferent
             thicknesse
             ,
             and
             then
             put
             into
             it
             a
             good
             lumpe
             of
             potted
             or
             barrelled
             butter
             ,
             and
             ●…s
             much
             suger
             as
             shall
             salt-wise
             season
             it
             to
             an
             indifferent
             sweetnesse
             ,
             it
             is
             a
             dish
             of
             meat
             ,
             meet
             for
             an
             Emperour
             
             at
             Sea
             ,
             wholesome
             ,
             good
             ,
             and
             light
             of
             disiesture
             ,
             and
             will
             be
             as
             much
             as
             foure
             reasonable
             men
             can
             well
             eate
             at
             a
             meale
             ;
             for
             the
             nature
             of
             the
             Rice
             is
             such
             that
             it
             will
             swell
             in
             boyling
             and
             grow
             to
             that
             bignesse
             ,
             that
             in
             an
             instant
             it
             will
             thicken
             a
             pottle
             ;
             some
             vse
             the
             night
             before
             they
             boyle
             it
             ,
             to
             steepe
             it
             in
             so
             much
             water
             as
             will
             onely
             couer
             the
             Rice
             all
             ouer
             ,
             and
             then
             the
             next
             day
             boyle
             it
             in
             a
             pottle
             of
             water
             more
             ,
             and
             the
             Rice
             so
             steeped
             will
             so
             swell
             ,
             that
             all
             the
             first
             water
             will
             be
             drunke
             vp
             ,
             and
             a
             great
             deale
             of
             lesse
             boyling
             will
             serue
             to
             make
             it
             ready
             ,
             and
             sure
             then
             this
             a
             man
             cannot
             finde
             a
             cheaper
             way
             to
             feed
             men
             ,
             since
             one
             pint
             of
             water
             and
             the
             fourth
             part
             of
             a
             quarter
             of
             a
             pound
             of
             Rice
             (
             which
             comes
             not
             to
             aboue
             a
             halfe
             peny
             at
             the
             dearest
             reckoning
             )
             is
             a
             meele
             sufficient
             for
             a
             mans
             eating
             ,
             hauing
             bisket
             and
             drinke
             proportionably
             .
             And
             this
             dish
             of
             meate
             being
             but
             thus
             thinne
             boyled
             ,
             is
             called
             at
             Sea
             Lob-lolly
             ,
             and
             after
             salt-feeding
             is
             wondrous
             wholsome
             and
             comfortable
             to
             any
             man
             ,
             whether
             he
             be
             sicke
             ,
             sound
             ,
             or
             diseased
             ,
             and
             both
             abateth
             infirmities
             &
             hastneth
             the
             healing
             of
             all
             wounds
             .
             There
             be
             others
             that
             after
             they
             haue
             steeped
             this
             rice
             (
             as
             aforesaid
             )
             doe
             then
             boyle
             it
             in
             like
             manner
             ,
             till
             it
             be
             so
             thick
             that
             a
             spoone
             may
             stand
             vpright
             in
             it
             ,
             and
             no
             liquidnesse
             of
             the
             water
             perceiued
             ,
             then
             put
             a
             good
             lumpe
             of
             butter
             into
             it
             ,
             and
             boyle
             it
             with
             it
             ,
             and
             stirre
             it
             about
             ,
             and
             it
             wil
             make
             it
             come
             most
             clean
             out
             of
             the
             pot
             in
             which
             it
             is
             boyled
             ;
             then
             season
             it
             with
             suger
             and
             a
             little
             Cynamon
             &
             it
             wil
             be
             a
             dish
             of
             meat
             ,
             right
             good
             and
             delicate
             ,
             and
             meete
             for
             any
             man
             of
             what
             quallity
             soeuer
             ,
             that
             is
             worth
             goodnes
             or
             preseruing
             ,
             nor
             need
             the
             quantity
             exceed
             the
             proportion
             already
             described
             .
             Againe
             ,
             if
             you
             haue
             meale
             in
             the
             Ship
             ,
             if
             you
             
             take
             of
             this
             Rice
             steeped
             in
             water
             ,
             and
             a
             little
             lightly
             boyled
             and
             seasoned
             with
             Suger
             ,
             Cinamon
             and
             Ginger
             ,
             and
             a
             good
             quantity
             of
             butter
             ,
             and
             then
             bake
             it
             in
             litle
             Bastics
             ,
             you
             shal
             find
             it
             a
             most
             delicat
             ,
             pleasant
             ,
             and
             wholesome
             meat
             ,
             and
             that
             a
             penny
             in
             it
             shall
             goe
             further
             and
             giue
             better
             contentment
             then
             foure
             peniworth
             of
             Beese
             ,
             Bacon
             ,
             Fish
             ,
             or
             any
             other
             hard
             salt
             meat
             ;
             yet
             do
             not
             wish
             any
             man
             on
             Shipboard
             to
             make
             this
             a
             continual
             feeding
             dish
             ,
             for
             it
             is
             both
             too
             pleasant
             and
             too
             strong
             ,
             and
             where
             cuacuation
             of
             some
             humors
             are
             wanting
             ,
             may
             breede
             inconuenience
             in
             strong
             bodies
             ;
             but
             rather
             to
             vse
             it
             once
             a
             weeke
             as
             a
             physicall
             nourisher
             ,
             or
             for
             the
             comfort
             of
             sicke
             and
             diseased
             men
             ,
             whose
             stomackes
             are
             tane
             away
             or
             else
             weakned
             ;
             there
             may
             be
             also
             made
             of
             this
             Ryce
             in
             time
             of
             necessitic
             (
             being
             ground
             to
             a
             fine
             mcale
             )
             an
             excellent
             good
             Bread
             or
             Ruske
             ,
             which
             is
             pleasanter
             ,
             sweeter
             and
             much
             longer
             lasting
             then
             any
             made
             of
             Wheate
             or
             any
             other
             graine
             ,
             whatsoeuer
             ,
             besides
             many
             other
             secdes
             which
             would
             in
             this
             place
             shew
             but
             too
             much
             curiosity
             to
             repeate
             .
          
           
             The
             next
             Graine
             vnto
             Rice
             which
             is
             of
             estimation
             
             and
             great
             seruice
             at
             the
             Sea
             ,
             is
             Wheate
             ,
             of
             which
             although
             there
             be
             diuers
             kinds
             ;
             yet
             they
             are
             all
             alike
             for
             the
             sertling
             of
             this
             purpose
             ;
             onely
             the
             large
             and
             thick
             huld
             Wheat
             (
             being
             well
             dryed
             )
             will
             last
             the
             longest
             ,
             but
             the
             smaller
             and
             fine
             skinde
             Wheate
             ,
             yeeldes
             the
             purer
             slowre
             and
             makes
             the
             better
             meate
             .
             Now
             of
             this
             wheat
             is
             to
             be
             made
             diuers
             dishes
             of
             meat
             ,
             for
             some
             doe
             take
             it
             and
             bruse
             or
             beat
             it
             in
             a
             bagge
             ,
             till
             the
             vpper
             skinne
             be
             beaten
             off
             ,
             and
             then
             hauing
             drest
             and
             winnowed
             it
             ,
             boyle
             it
             in
             cleane
             water
             till
             it
             burst
             and
             grow
             as
             thick
             as
             pap
             ,
             then
             take
             it
             from
             the
             fire
             and
             being
             hot
             
             put
             it
             into
             seuerall
             dishes
             of
             wood
             or
             traies
             ,
             so
             much
             in
             euery
             dish
             or
             tray
             as
             may
             serue
             foure
             men
             ,
             and
             so
             let
             it
             coole
             ;
             then
             giue
             it
             to
             the
             sicke
             or
             sound
             ,
             as
             you
             shall
             be
             directed
             ,
             and
             it
             is
             an
             excellent
             wholesom
             good
             meat
             either
             cold
             or
             els
             hot
             ,
             and
             a
             little
             butter
             melted
             with
             it
             or
             being
             againe
             boild
             in
             fresh
             water
             ,
             and
             seasoned
             with
             salt
             and
             a
             little
             suger
             ,
             it
             makes
             an
             excellent
             grewell
             ,
             or
             lob-lolly
             which
             is
             very
             soueraigne
             at
             Sea
             ;
             also
             your
             parcht
             wheat
             is
             a
             very
             good
             food
             at
             Sea
             ,
             and
             of
             much
             request
             &
             estimation
             ,
             being
             sprinkled
             with
             a
             little
             salt
             ,
             and
             of
             this
             foode
             a
             little
             will
             serue
             a
             man
             at
             a
             time
             ,
             by
             reason
             that
             the
             much
             sweetnesse
             thereof
             ,
             soone
             silleth
             and
             cloieth
             the
             stomack
             ,
             yet
             it
             is
             wondrous
             light
             of
             digestion
             &
             breeds
             great
             strength
             and
             much
             good
             bloud
             as
             we
             dayly
             finde
             by
             experience
             .
          
           
             The
             next
             Graine
             vnto
             this
             which
             is
             to
             be
             recommend
             
             to
             the
             Sea
             (
             and
             which
             is
             indeed
             not
             any
             thing
             inseriour
             to
             either
             of
             the
             other
             going
             before
             ,
             both
             for
             strength
             and
             lasting
             )
             is
             Otemeale
             ,
             which
             by
             reason
             of
             the
             great
             drynesse
             and
             drying
             thereof
             feeles
             little
             or
             no
             imperfection
             at
             the
             Sea
             ,
             as
             being
             vnapt
             to
             sucke
             or
             draw
             in
             any
             of
             the
             ill
             or
             moyst
             vapours
             thereof
             .
             Of
             this
             Oatemeale
             is
             made
             many
             good
             ,
             fresh
             and
             comfortable
             meats
             at
             Sea
             ,
             as
             Grewell
             or
             loblolly
             by
             boyling
             it
             in
             fresh
             water
             and
             seasoning
             it
             with
             salt
             ,
             and
             (
             if
             you
             haue
             it
             conueuiently
             )
             sometimes
             with
             suger
             and
             a
             few
             currants
             ,
             and
             a
             little
             mace
             ,
             which
             is
             meate
             of
             great
             strength
             and
             goodnesse
             ;
             especially
             for
             such
             as
             are
             sick
             and
             weake
             ,
             for
             it
             is
             a
             great
             restorer
             of
             nature
             and
             purger
             of
             the
             blood
             ;
             also
             to
             stecpe
             the
             whole
             Grotts
             of
             Oatmeale
             a
             night
             in
             water
             ,
             and
             then
             draining
             them
             ,
             &
             putting
             it
             vnto
             a
             bag
             boile
             it
             til
             the
             grotts
             break
             ,
             then
             putting
             it
             out
             of
             the
             bag
             butter
             it
             with
             butter
             ,
             &
             it
             is
             an
             
             excellent
             foode
             ;
             also
             boyling
             Oatmeale
             in
             fresh
             water
             with
             barme
             ,
             or
             the
             dregges
             and
             hinder
             ends
             of
             your
             Beere
             barrels
             ,
             makes
             an
             excellent
             good
             pottage
             ,
             and
             is
             of
             great
             vse
             in
             all
             the
             parts
             of
             the
             West
             Countrie
             ,
             especially
             ,
             where
             Marryners
             or
             Sea-men
             liue
             ,
             and
             are
             called
             by
             the
             name
             of
             drousson
             pottage
             .
             Also
             of
             Oatemeale
             is
             made
             that
             meate
             which
             is
             called
             in
             the
             West
             ,
             Washbrew
             ,
             and
             may
             be
             made
             at
             the
             Sea
             at
             you
             pleasure
             ,
             being
             a
             meate
             of
             that
             great
             account
             amongst
             Deuonshire
             and
             Cornishmen
             ,
             that
             they
             will
             allow
             it
             no
             paralell
             ;
             and
             for
             my
             owne
             part
             I
             haue
             heard
             a
             most
             famous
             &
             well
             learned
             Phisition
             in
             those
             parts
             allow
             it
             to
             be
             a
             meate
             of
             singular
             great
             strength
             ,
             and
             goodnesse
             ,
             and
             withall
             so
             light
             of
             disiestion
             ,
             that
             a
             man
             can
             very
             hardly
             surfeit
             vpon
             it
             at
             any
             time
             ;
             and
             I
             am
             the
             rather
             induced
             to
             beleeue
             the
             same
             ,
             because
             I
             haue
             obserued
             and
             seene
             many
             of
             the
             laboring
             men
             of
             that
             Countrey
             to
             eate
             such
             an
             vnmeasurable
             quantity
             thereof
             ,
             that
             in
             mine
             eye
             one
             mans
             supper
             would
             haue
             serued
             a
             whole
             family
             .
          
           
             But
             you
             will
             say
             ,
             hunger
             and
             labour
             ,
             are
             such
             excellent
             sawces
             that
             they
             will
             disgest
             any
             thing
             :
             To
             that
             I
             answere
             ,
             that
             I
             haue
             seene
             the
             best
             Gentlemen
             and
             Gentlewomen
             of
             that
             Countrey
             ,
             of
             whom
             as
             much
             curiositie
             hath
             attended
             ,
             as
             is
             lyable
             to
             the
             City
             ,
             nay
             such
             as
             haue
             had
             sicknesse
             their
             best
             familiar
             ,
             yet
             eate
             of
             this
             with
             great
             and
             sharpe
             appetite
             ,
             and
             when
             health
             was
             most
             to
             be
             feared
             ,
             then
             to
             boast
             of
             most
             soundnes
             :
             This
             washbrew
             is
             to
             looke
             vpon
             like
             Painters
             cyze
             ,
             or
             new
             made
             Ielly
             ,
             being
             nothing
             but
             the
             very
             heart
             of
             the
             oatmeale
             boyled
             and
             drayned
             to
             that
             height
             and
             thicknesse
             hauing
             neither
             hull
             nor
             branne
             in
             it
             but
             the
             pure
             meale
             and
             water
             ,
             and
             it
             is
             to
             be
             eaten
             either
             with
             
             wine
             ,
             strong
             beare
             ,
             orale
             ,
             or
             with
             fine
             clarified
             hony
             ,
             according
             to
             mens
             stomacks
             or
             abilities
             :
             Now
             this
             the
             eaters
             therof
             affirm
             ,
             that
             by
             no
             means
             it
             must
             be
             chaw'd
             but
             rather
             swallowed
             by
             the
             spoonfuls
             whole
             because
             chawing
             like
             a
             pil
             makes
             it
             taste
             vnpleasantly
             ;
             There
             is
             againe
             another
             meat
             to
             be
             made
             of
             oatmeale
             ,
             which
             is
             called
             Gertbrew
             ,
             and
             is
             somewhat
             more
             course
             ,
             and
             lesse
             pleasant
             then
             wash-brew
             ,
             hauing
             both
             the
             branne
             and
             huls
             in
             it
             ,
             yet
             is
             accounted
             a
             food
             of
             a
             very
             good
             strength
             ,
             and
             exceeding
             wholesome
             for
             mans
             body
             ,
             and
             of
             my
             knowledge
             much
             vsed
             and
             much
             desired
             of
             all
             labouring
             persons
             that
             are
             acquainted
             with
             it
             ,
             many
             other
             foods
             there
             are
             to
             be
             made
             of
             oatemeale
             ,
             but
             these
             shall
             be
             at
             this
             time
             fully
             sufficient
             .
          
           
             The
             next
             graine
             to
             this
             I
             account
             Barley
             ,
             which
             may
             
             be
             euery
             way
             vsed
             like
             vnto
             Wheate
             ,
             either
             to
             make
             Grewell
             ,
             to
             be
             creyed
             ,
             parcht
             ,
             or
             boyled
             ;
             and
             of
             Barley
             for
             this
             purpyse
             of
             food
             ,
             the
             best
             is
             French
             Barley
             ,
             the
             next
             is
             barley
             byg
             ,
             or
             beare
             barley
             ,
             and
             the
             worst
             are
             the
             spi●…ke
             or
             battledore
             barley
             ,
             and
             our
             common
             English
             barley
             .
          
           
             And
             as
             Barley
             or
             Wheate
             ,
             so
             you
             may
             vse
             you
             Buck
             
             and
             your
             Indian
             Silligo
             ,
             for
             they
             are
             of
             like
             nature
             ,
             only
             aske
             a
             longer
             time
             in
             their
             beating
             ,
             steeping
             ,
             and
             boyling
             ,
             because
             they
             are
             naturally
             more
             hard
             ,
             &
             more
             dry
             ,
             by
             reason
             of
             the
             heate
             of
             the
             climat
             in
             which
             the
             best
             grow
             ;
             and
             it
             is
             euer
             to
             be
             obserued
             for
             a
             rule
             ,
             that
             the
             dryer
             you
             keepe
             your
             corne
             at
             Sea
             ,
             the
             better
             it
             is
             ,
             the
             sweeter
             and
             longer
             lasting
             .
          
           
             Now
             hauing
             shewed
             the
             vse
             of
             these
             lighter
             graines
             
             I
             will
             come
             to
             Pulse
             ,
             and
             shew
             their
             vse
             and
             benefit
             at
             the
             Sea
             ,
             or
             in
             besieged
             townes
             ;
             and
             of
             Pulse
             ,
             I
             will
             first
             speake
             of
             Beanes
             as
             a
             principall
             food
             ,
             wholesome
             and
             
             strong
             ,
             and
             though
             not
             so
             fine
             and
             light
             of
             digestion
             as
             any
             of
             the
             former
             ,
             yet
             exceeding
             harty
             and
             sound
             &
             a
             great
             breeder
             of
             good
             bloud
             ,
             they
             are
             for
             the
             most
             part
             to
             be
             boyled
             whole
             ,
             till
             such
             time
             as
             they
             apeare
             soft
             and
             tender
             ,
             or
             begin
             to
             breake
             ,
             and
             then
             drained
             from
             the
             water
             ,
             are
             serued
             in
             traies
             ,
             and
             well
             salted
             and
             so
             eaten
             ;
             a
             pottell
             whereof
             is
             thought
             a
             full
             proportion
             for
             foure
             men
             ;
             and
             of
             these
             Beanes
             there
             are
             diuers
             
             kinds
             :
             as
             the
             common
             garden
             Beane
             ,
             or
             French
             beane
             ,
             which
             is
             great
             ,
             broad
             ,
             and
             flat
             ,
             and
             these
             are
             the
             best
             to
             boyle
             ,
             either
             with
             meat
             ,
             or
             by
             themselues
             ,
             and
             aske
             the
             least
             labour
             ,
             because
             their
             outer
             skinne
             is
             most
             tender
             ,
             and
             the
             inward
             substance
             most
             apt
             to
             be
             mollified
             ,
             and
             softned
             :
             they
             may
             also
             be
             boiled
             both
             when
             they
             are
             yong
             and
             greene
             ,
             and
             when
             they
             are
             old
             and
             dry
             ,
             and
             the
             meat
             at
             both
             times
             is
             good
             and
             sauory
             .
          
           
             The
             next
             bean
             to
             these
             are
             the
             Kidney
             beane
             ,
             which
             
             is
             flatter
             ,
             and
             lesser
             ,
             and
             neerer
             the
             proportion
             of
             a
             kidney
             then
             the
             French
             Beane
             is
             ,
             and
             this
             is
             also
             a
             garden
             beane
             ,
             and
             whilest
             it
             is
             young
             &
             green
             is
             to
             be
             eaten
             sallet
             wise
             after
             they
             are
             boild
             ,
             both
             the
             cod
             and
             beane
             together
             ,
             and
             it
             is
             certaine
             a
             better
             sallet
             cannot
             be
             tasted
             ;
             for
             the
             cod
             or
             huske
             is
             euery
             way
             as
             excelent
             in
             taste
             as
             the
             beane
             is
             ;
             but
             after
             they
             grow
             olde
             and
             dry
             and
             that
             the
             moisture
             is
             gone
             out
             of
             the
             cod
             ,
             then
             it
             is
             meete
             to
             thrash
             them
             ,
             and
             then
             boyle
             them
             like
             the
             French
             beane
             ,
             and
             they
             are
             euery
             way
             as
             good
             meat
             and
             as
             soone
             boyld
             and
             as
             tender
             .
          
           
             The
             next
             Beane
             to
             these
             are
             your
             common
             and
             ordinary
             
             Field
             beanes
             ,
             which
             hauing
             tough
             and
             hard
             skins
             aske
             more
             boiling
             then
             the
             other
             beanes
             ,
             &
             are
             somewhat
             harder
             in
             taste
             ,
             yet
             a
             good
             souud
             food
             also
             :
             there
             be
             many
             that
             parche
             them
             in
             the
             fire
             and
             thinke
             them
             
             then
             the
             best
             meat
             ,
             because
             the
             fire
             sooner
             breakes
             the
             skin
             and
             softneth
             the
             kirnell
             ;
             but
             they
             cannot
             be
             done
             so
             abundantly
             ,
             and
             therefore
             are
             not
             so
             much
             in
             vse
             .
          
           
             After
             this
             great
             sort
             of
             Pulse
             ,
             I
             will
             speake
             of
             the
             
             smaller
             sort
             as
             Pease
             and
             their
             like
             :
             and
             of
             Pease
             there
             betwo
             kinds
             ,
             the
             garden
             Pease
             and
             the
             field
             Pease
             ,
             and
             for
             this
             vse
             (
             albeit
             both
             are
             good
             )
             yet
             the
             garden
             Pease
             are
             best
             ,
             for
             they
             are
             soonest
             boyld
             ,
             are
             most
             tender
             ,
             and
             serue
             for
             most
             vse
             ,
             as
             for
             pottage
             ,
             boiling
             ,
             parching
             or
             spelting
             ;
             and
             of
             these
             garden
             Pease
             ,
             there
             are
             diuers
             kinds
             ;
             as
             white
             Pease
             ,
             French
             Pease
             .
             hastings
             rounsiuals
             and
             such
             like
             ;
             the
             first
             being
             the
             longest
             
             lasters
             ,
             the
             second
             the
             pleasantest
             in
             taste
             ,
             the
             third
             the
             earlyest
             and
             tenderest
             ,
             and
             the
             last
             largest
             and
             fullest
             .
          
           
             The
             field
             Pease
             are
             onely
             of
             two
             kinds
             ,
             as
             the
             white
             Pease
             and
             the
             gray
             Pease
             ,
             and
             they
             seldome
             make
             pottage
             ,
             because
             they
             are
             vnapt
             to
             breake
             ,
             but
             are
             onely
             for
             boyling
             and
             making
             of
             leape
             Pease
             ,
             or
             for
             patching
             ,
             yet
             a
             good
             and
             a
             strong
             food
             also
             ,
             and
             as
             we
             vse
             Pease
             ,
             so
             in
             other
             countreyes
             they
             vse
             Lupins
             ,
             Lentils
             ,
             Tares
             ,
             Fetches
             ,
             and
             such
             like
             smaller
             Pulse
             ,
             but
             they
             are
             neither
             so
             good
             ,
             wholesome
             nor
             sauoury
             in
             taste
             ,
             being
             a
             kind
             of
             Graine
             more
             ranke
             ,
             fulsome
             and
             breeding
             of
             ill
             blood
             and
             infection
             within
             ,
             these
             cases
             of
             Seafare
             and
             warrefare
             ought
             principally
             to
             be
             eschwed
             and
             shunned
             .
          
           
             Now
             it
             resteth
             after
             this
             long
             digression
             of
             these
             
             seuerall
             Graines
             ,
             and
             their
             vses
             with
             the
             meates
             and
             profits
             which
             are
             made
             from
             them
             ,
             that
             we
             come
             to
             the
             safe
             manner
             of
             keeping
             and
             preserning
             them
             either
             by
             land
             or
             water
             ,
             for
             victuall
             or
             transportation
             ,
             so
             as
             they
             may
             last
             &
             indure
             without
             ill
             smel
             or
             rottennes
             .
          
           
           
             And
             first
             for
             transportation
             of
             Graine
             by
             Sea
             ,
             it
             is
             two
             wayes
             to
             be
             done
             ,
             as
             either
             in
             great
             quantities
             for
             trade
             and
             the
             victualing
             of
             other
             Nations
             ,
             or
             in
             smaller
             quantitie
             for
             victualling
             the
             men
             in
             the
             ship
             ,
             prepared
             for
             a
             long
             and
             tedious
             voyage
             .
          
           
             For
             the
             transporting
             of
             Graine
             for
             trade
             in
             great
             quantitics
             ,
             it
             is
             to
             be
             intended
             the
             voyage
             is
             seldome
             
             long
             ,
             but
             from
             neighbour
             to
             neighbour
             ,
             and
             therefore
             commonly
             they
             make
             closse
             decks
             in
             the
             ships
             to
             rereceiue
             the
             Graine
             ,
             faire
             and
             euen
             boarded
             ,
             yet
             if
             such
             decks
             be
             matted
             and
             lined
             both
             vnder
             and
             on
             each
             side
             it
             is
             much
             the
             better
             ,
             and
             this
             matting
             would
             be
             strong
             and
             thinne
             ;
             there
             be
             some
             which
             make
             the
             decks
             onely
             of
             mats
             ,
             and
             sure
             it
             is
             sweet
             but
             not
             so
             strong
             as
             the
             board
             ,
             therefore
             the
             best
             way
             of
             transportation
             is
             to
             haue
             strong
             boarded
             decks
             wel
             matted
             ,
             and
             then
             spreading
             the
             Corne
             of
             a
             reasonable
             thicknesse
             ,
             to
             couer
             it
             with
             matting
             againe
             ,
             and
             then
             to
             lay
             Corne
             on
             it
             again
             ,
             and
             then
             mats
             againe
             ,
             that
             betweene
             euery
             reasonable
             thicknesse
             of
             Graine
             a
             mat
             may
             lye
             ,
             the
             profit
             whereof
             is
             that
             when
             the
             Corne
             with
             his
             owne
             heat
             and
             the
             working
             of
             the
             Sea
             shall
             begin
             to
             sweat
             ;
             which
             sweat
             for
             want
             of
             ayre
             to
             dry
             it
             vp
             would
             turne
             to
             putrifaction
             ,
             then
             these
             mats
             thus
             lying
             betweene
             ,
             will
             not
             only
             exhall
             and
             sucke
             vp
             the
             sweat
             ,
             but
             also
             keep
             the
             Corne
             so
             coole
             and
             dry
             that
             no
             imperfection
             shall
             come
             vnto
             it
             ,
             and
             here
             is
             to
             be
             noted
             that
             these
             mats
             should
             rather
             be
             made
             of
             dry
             white
             bents
             ,
             then
             of
             flags
             and
             bul-rush
             ,
             for
             the
             bent
             is
             a
             firm●…
             ,
             dry
             ,
             crispe
             thing
             ,
             and
             will
             not
             r●…ent
             or
             sweat
             of
             it selfe
             ,
             but
             the
             flag
             or
             bul-rush
             is
             a
             spungy
             and
             soft
             substance
             which
             is
             neuer
             empty
             of
             his
             owne
             and
             others
             moystures
             .
          
           
             Now
             for
             transporting
             of
             Graine
             for
             victuall
             for
             
             the
             ship
             which
             is
             in
             much
             smaller
             quantity
             ,
             because
             it
             
             is
             but
             for
             the
             priuate
             vse
             offew
             within
             the
             ship
             ;
             the
             only
             best
             and
             safest
             way
             is
             to
             take
             salt
             fish
             barrels
             ,
             or
             any
             caske
             in
             which
             any
             salt
             fish
             hath
             beene
             piled
             ,
             as
             Cod
             ,
             Herrings
             ,
             Salmon
             ,
             Sprats
             ,
             or
             any
             other
             poudred
             fish
             ;
             and
             whilst
             the
             vessels
             are
             sweet
             you
             shall
             calke
             them
             both
             within
             and
             without
             with
             plaster
             ,
             daubing
             them
             all
             ouer
             ,
             then
             into
             them
             put
             your
             Graine
             of
             what
             kind
             soeuer
             it
             be
             ,
             and
             head
             them
             vp
             closse
             ,
             and
             then
             stow
             them
             in
             such
             conuenient
             dry
             place
             of
             the
             ship
             as
             you
             shall
             thinke
             fit
             ,
             and
             questionlesse
             ,
             if
             beliefe
             may
             be
             giuen
             to
             the
             worthiest
             Authors
             which
             haue
             writ
             in
             this
             kinde
             ,
             you
             may
             thus
             keepe
             your
             Graine
             sweet
             ,
             sound
             ,
             and
             in
             full
             perfection
             from
             one
             yeare
             to
             one
             hundred
             and
             twenty
             yeares
             ,
             but
             certainely
             daily
             experience
             shewes
             vs
             ,
             that
             all
             kinde
             of
             graine
             thus
             put
             vp
             and
             kept
             ,
             will
             remaine
             sound
             and
             sweet
             ,
             three
             ,
             foure
             ,
             and
             as
             some
             say
             ,
             seuen
             yeares
             ,
             for
             so
             farre
             hath
             lately
             beene
             tryed
             :
             and
             what
             here
             I
             speake
             of
             Ship-board
             ,
             the
             like
             maybe
             done
             in
             any
             towne
             of
             Warre
             or
             Garrison
             ,
             whether
             besieged
             or
             not
             besieged
             ,
             or
             in
             any
             other
             place
             where
             any
             necessity
             shall
             compell
             ;
             the
             proofe
             of
             this
             manner
             of
             piling
             or
             putting
             vp
             of
             graine
             ,
             serueth
             as
             well
             for
             Land
             as
             Sea.
             
          
           
             And
             thus
             much
             for
             the
             transportation
             and
             preseruation
             of
             Corne
             and
             Graine
             .
          
        
         
           
           
             CHAP.
             XVI
             .
          
           
             
               A
               generall
               computation
               of
               men
               ,
               and
               Cattels
               labours
               ;
               what
               each
               may
               do
               without
               hurt
               daily
               .
            
          
           
             TO
             make
             an
             exact
             or
             seuere
             computation
             of
             men
             and
             cattels
             labours
             ,
             so
             as
             it
             might
             stand
             for
             a
             president
             not
             to
             bee
             altered
             ,
             is
             a
             thing
             almost
             impossible
             ,
             because
             countries
             alter
             ,
             customes
             alter
             ,
             and
             people
             are
             incertaine
             :
             countries
             alter
             ,
             so
             as
             one
             may
             worke
             more
             in
             halfe
             a
             day
             in
             some
             then
             in
             a
             whole
             day
             in
             othersome
             ;
             as
             where
             one
             may
             plow
             two
             akers
             in
             the
             sand
             ,
             he
             shall
             hardly
             plow
             one
             in
             the
             clay
             ;
             customes
             alter
             ,
             for
             in
             some
             countreyes
             they
             plow
             but
             from
             seuen
             or
             eight
             a
             clocke
             in
             the
             morning
             ,
             till
             two
             or
             three
             in
             the
             afternoone
             ;
             and
             in
             other
             countreyes
             they
             plow
             from
             before
             Sunnerise
             ,
             till
             Sunne-set
             :
             and
             people
             are
             incertaine
             ,
             for
             some
             are
             painefull
             and
             conscionably
             industrious
             ,
             not
             desiring
             to
             eat
             more
             then
             the
             worke
             ,
             and
             others
             are
             so
             full
             of
             floath
             and
             greedinesse
             ,
             that
             in
             the
             prime
             labours
             as
             in
             haruest
             and
             seed-time
             ,
             they
             spend
             more
             time
             in
             eating
             and
             drinking
             ,
             then
             in
             their
             worke
             ,
             for
             I
             haue
             obserued
             both
             in
             those
             places
             where
             I
             was
             bred
             ,
             and
             in
             those
             where
             I
             haue
             liued
             ,
             that
             the
             haruest
             mans
             howres
             of
             repast
             haue
             much
             runne
             beyond
             either
             his
             worke
             or
             honesty
             :
             as
             thus
             for
             example
             ,
             within
             the
             compasse
             of
             mine
             owne
             knowledge
             ,
             I
             haue
             seene
             haruest
             men
             come
             into
             the
             Farmers
             house
             ,
             betweene
             fiue
             and
             sixe
             a
             clocke
             in
             the
             morning
             ,
             and
             there
             eat
             bread
             and
             cheese
             and
             drink
             ,
             then
             goe
             to
             the
             field
             ,
             and
             at
             nine
             of
             clocke
             
             haue
             breakefast
             ,
             at
             eleauen
             the
             dinner
             ,
             at
             one
             a
             nooning
             ,
             at
             foure
             a
             drinking
             ,
             and
             at
             seuen
             Supper
             ,
             besides
             an
             houres
             sleepe
             in
             the
             heate
             of
             the
             day
             for
             refreshing
             ,
             now
             what
             time
             is
             left
             for
             labour
             may
             easily
             be
             iudged
             ,
             so
             that
             to
             measure
             true
             proportions
             to
             these
             vncertaineties
             is
             a
             trauell
             too
             difficult
             .
             But
             to
             come
             to
             the
             honest
             industrious
             workeman
             which
             craues
             to
             the
             sorest
             labour
             ,
             but
             resonable
             repost
             ,
             as
             breakfast
             ,
             dinner
             ,
             nooning
             and
             supper
             ,
             with
             drinke
             at
             such
             conuenient
             times
             as
             he
             is
             thirsty
             ,
             according
             to
             the
             violence
             of
             his
             labour
             and
             the
             heate
             of
             the
             day
             :
             To
             these
             I
             say
             may
             be
             proportioned
             a
             reasonable
             computation
             how
             worke
             may
             with
             least
             losse
             or
             vexation
             bee
             compassed
             and
             gouerned
             ;
             to
             speake
             then
             generally
             of
             all
             husbandly
             workes
             where
             the
             countrey
             is
             tollerable
             
             without
             any
             extraordinary
             difficulty
             ,
             you
             shall
             vnderstand
             that
             a
             man
             may
             well
             in
             stiffe
             ground
             ,
             plow
             an
             aker
             ,
             or
             an
             aker
             and
             a
             halfe
             ,
             and
             in
             light
             sand
             grounds
             two
             or
             three
             akers
             with
             one
             Teame
             in
             a
             day
             ,
             and
             hee
             may
             plow
             and
             sow
             in
             stiffe
             ground
             two
             akers
             and
             a
             halfe
             each
             day
             ,
             and
             in
             light
             ground
             foure
             at
             least
             with
             one
             Teame
             ,
             and
             a
             wayes
             what
             he
             soweth
             ,
             that
             he
             may
             harrow
             the
             same
             day
             also
             .
             
          
           
             A
             man
             may
             well
             mowe
             of
             good
             and
             deepe
             loggy
             medow
             ,
             or
             of
             rough
             vneuen
             medow
             euery
             day
             one
             aker
             ,
             mowing
             cleane
             and
             making
             a
             smooth
             board
             ,
             of
             well
             standing
             ,
             and
             good
             smooth
             medow
             ,
             an
             aker
             and
             a
             halfe
             each
             day
             ,
             and
             of
             very
             thinne
             and
             short
             grasse
             ,
             or
             vpland
             medowe
             two
             akers
             at
             the
             least
             euery
             ●…ay
             .
          
           
             Also
             he
             may
             mow
             of
             Corne
             as
             Barley
             and
             Oares
             if
             it
             be
             thicke
             ,
             loggy
             and
             beaten
             downe
             to
             the
             earth
             
             making
             faire
             worke
             and
             not
             cutting
             of
             the
             heads
             of
             the
             eares
             ,
             and
             leauing
             the
             straw
             still
             growing
             one
             aker
             and
             a
             halfe
             in
             a
             day
             ,
             but
             if
             it
             be
             good
             ,
             thicke
             and
             faire
             standing
             Corne
             ,
             then
             he
             may
             two
             akers
             ,
             or
             two
             akers
             and
             a
             halfe
             in
             a
             day
             ,
             but
             if
             the
             Corne
             be
             short
             and
             thinne
             ,
             then
             he
             may
             mowe
             three
             ,
             and
             sometimes
             foure
             akers
             in
             a
             day
             ,
             and
             not
             be
             ouer
             laboured
             ;
             Also
             of
             Beanes
             he
             may
             mowe
             as
             much
             ,
             and
             of
             Pease
             mixt
             with
             Beanes
             ,
             hauing
             a
             hooke
             to
             follow
             him
             ,
             no
             lesse
             ;
             for
             they
             are
             workes
             in
             this
             nature
             most
             easie
             and
             least
             troublesome
             .
          
           
             One
             man
             with
             a
             binder
             may
             well
             reape
             an
             aker
             of
             
             Wheat
             ,
             or
             Rye
             in
             a
             day
             ,
             if
             it
             be
             principal
             good
             and
             wel
             standing
             ,
             but
             if
             laid
             or
             beaten
             downe
             with
             weather
             ,
             then
             three
             roode
             is
             fully
             sufficient
             for
             a
             dayes
             labour
             ;
             but
             if
             it
             be
             thinne
             and
             vpright
             standing
             ,
             then
             he
             may
             reape
             and
             bind
             fiue
             roods
             in
             a
             day
             of
             small
             Pease
             ,
             Fetches
             and
             such
             like
             ,
             a
             man
             may
             wel
             reape
             two
             akers
             euery
             day
             .
          
           
             Now
             for
             as
             much
             as
             it
             is
             a
             custome
             in
             diuers
             countreyes
             
             (
             and
             truely
             is
             exceeding
             profitable
             and
             worthy
             imitation
             )
             to
             sheafe
             and
             bind
             vp
             both
             Barly
             and
             Oats
             as
             well
             as
             Wheate
             or
             Rye
             ,
             and
             that
             it
             both
             saueth
             much
             Corne
             ,
             and
             also
             makes
             it
             take
             a
             great
             deale
             lesse
             roome
             ,
             and
             that
             this
             labour
             is
             to
             be
             done
             after
             the
             mowers
             ,
             as
             the
             other
             was
             after
             the
             reapers
             by
             gathering
             the
             Barley
             or
             Oats
             vp
             with
             a
             sickell
             or
             hook
             ,
             as
             it
             lyes
             in
             the
             swath
             and
             so
             binding
             it
             in
             sheaues
             ,
             you
             shall
             vnderstand
             that
             one
             man
             in
             a
             day
             will
             bind
             as
             much
             as
             one
             mower
             can
             mowe
             ,
             and
             if
             the
             men
             be
             any
             thing
             skilfull
             in
             the
             labor
             two
             binders
             will
             binde
             as
             much
             as
             three
             mowers
             can
             mowe
             .
          
           
             For
             the
             gathering
             or
             inning
             of
             Graine
             ,
             no
             man
             can
             
             proportion
             the
             number
             of
             loads
             ,
             or
             quantity
             of
             
             ground
             shal
             daily
             be
             brought
             home
             ,
             sith
             the
             iourneyes
             are
             vncertaine
             ,
             some
             going
             a
             quarter
             of
             a
             mile
             ,
             some
             halfe
             a
             mile
             ,
             and
             some
             a
             mile
             ;
             therefore
             it
             is
             the
             husbandmans
             best
             way
             ,
             the
             first
             day
             to
             go
             with
             his
             Teame
             himselfe
             ,
             and
             both
             to
             obserue
             the
             labour
             and
             distance
             of
             place
             ,
             and
             by
             that
             to
             compute
             what
             may
             be
             done
             after
             without
             hurt
             to
             his
             cattell
             ,
             and
             where
             he
             failes
             of
             any
             hope
             ,
             there
             to
             take
             a
             strickt
             account
             of
             the
             errour
             ,
             for
             it
             is
             either
             ignorance
             or
             carelesnesse
             ,
             which
             brings
             forth
             mischances
             ,
             speaking
             of
             husbandry
             ,
             as
             ouerthrowing
             the
             Teame
             ,
             ouer
             loading
             the
             Teame
             ,
             breaking
             necessary
             instruments
             ,
             or
             not
             respecting
             the
             wayes
             and
             passage
             ,
             any
             of
             which
             may
             in
             a
             day
             hinder
             more
             then
             halfe
             the
             dayes
             labour
             .
          
           
             Againe
             ,
             a
             man
             may
             in
             a
             day
             ditch
             and
             quick-set
             of
             
             a
             reasonable
             ditch
             foure
             foot
             broad
             ,
             and
             three
             foot
             deep
             a
             rod
             or
             poll
             a
             day
             ,
             allowing
             sixeteene
             foot
             to
             the
             rod
             ,
             and
             so
             of
             larger
             measure
             lesse
             ground
             ,
             and
             of
             lesse
             ground
             larger
             measure
             ,
             according
             to
             the
             sufficiency
             of
             the
             fence
             which
             you
             purpose
             to
             make
             .
          
           
             A
             man
             also
             may
             hedge
             in
             a
             day
             ,
             if
             the
             hedge
             be
             good
             
             and
             substancial
             ,
             that
             is
             to
             say
             ,
             fiue
             foot
             high
             ,
             wel
             bound
             ,
             thicke
             stackt
             ,
             and
             closse
             layed
             ,
             two
             rod
             in
             a
             day
             ,
             and
             if
             the
             worke
             be
             lower
             or
             thinner
             then
             double
             so
             much
             ,
             according
             to
             the
             former
             proportion
             .
          
           
             For
             the
             plashing
             of
             hedges
             ,
             or
             making
             a
             quicke
             fence
             
             if
             he
             do
             it
             workmanly
             ,
             and
             that
             the
             quicke
             growth
             be
             high
             and
             well
             growne
             ,
             and
             then
             he
             lay
             it
             thicke
             ,
             closse
             ,
             and
             strongly
             bound
             on
             the
             top
             ,
             turning
             the
             quicke
             downeward
             and
             inward
             ,
             to
             plash
             a
             rod
             a
             day
             is
             as
             much
             as
             any
             man
             can
             well
             do
             ,
             but
             if
             ye
             plash
             it
             after
             the
             West
             countrey
             fashion
             ,
             that
             is
             ,
             onely
             cutting
             it
             downe
             ,
             &
             laying
             it
             a
             long
             closse
             to
             the
             ground
             ,
             seeking
             
             onely
             thicknesse
             ,
             and
             not
             much
             guard
             or
             comelinesse
             ,
             then
             he
             may
             well
             plash
             a●…od
             and
             a
             halfe
             in
             a
             day
             without
             trouble
             ,
             and
             sure
             in
             this
             worke
             is
             great
             care
             and
             art
             to
             be
             vsed
             as
             well
             for
             the
             preseruation
             of
             the
             quick
             as
             the
             goodnesse
             of
             the
             sence
             ,
             being
             a
             thing
             of
             worth
             and
             validity
             to
             euery
             husbandman
             .
          
           
             Againe
             ,
             a
             man
             may
             delue
             or
             dig
             ,
             as
             for
             garden
             mould
             
             hempe-yard
             ,
             Flaxeyard
             ,
             or
             for
             the
             setting
             of
             Corne
             ,
             or
             leuelling
             of
             vneuen
             places
             ,
             one
             roode
             in
             a
             day
             ,
             and
             the
             ground
             so
             digged
             and
             delued
             ,
             he
             may
             rake
             dresse
             and
             leuell
             in
             the
             same
             day
             also
             ,
             but
             if
             he
             digge
             it
             deepe
             ,
             and
             trench
             it
             ,
             and
             meanure
             it
             ,
             as
             is
             meet
             ;
             either
             for
             garden
             ,
             orchard
             ,
             or
             cornsetting
             ,
             then
             to
             delue
             half
             a
             rood
             in
             a
             day
             ,
             is
             a
             very
             great
             proportion
             ,
             because
             ordinarily
             to
             delue
             ,
             as
             to
             receiue
             ordinary
             seeds
             requires
             but
             one
             spade
             graf●…in
             depth
             ,
             but
             extraordinarily
             to
             delue
             ,
             as
             for
             inriching
             and
             bettering
             of
             the
             ground
             ,
             and
             to
             cleanse
             it
             from
             stones
             ,
             weeds
             and
             other
             anoyances
             ,
             will
             require
             two
             spade
             graft
             at
             the
             least
             .
          
           
             Lastly
             ,
             a
             man
             may
             thrash
             if
             the
             corne
             be
             good
             and
             
             cleane
             ,
             without
             some
             extrordinary
             abuse
             or
             pouerty
             in
             the
             graine
             ,
             inone
             day
             foure
             bushels
             of
             Wheat
             or
             Rye
             ,
             fi●…e
             bushels
             of
             Barly
             or
             Oats
             ,
             &
             fiue
             bushels
             of
             Beanes
             or
             Pease
             ,
             but
             the
             Pulse
             must
             then
             be
             imagined
             to
             be
             exceeding
             ,
             otherwise
             a
             man
             shal
             thrash
             lesse
             of
             it
             ,
             then
             of
             any
             other
             kind
             of
             Graine
             ,
             for
             as
             when
             it
             is
             well
             loaden
             ,
             it
             yeeldeth
             plentifully
             ,
             so
             when
             it
             is
             poore
             and
             lightly
             loaden
             it
             yeeldeth
             little
             or
             nothing
             ,
             and
             yet
             hath
             not
             one
             stroke
             lesse
             of
             the
             slaile
             ,
             nor
             any
             labour
             saued
             more
             then
             belongs
             to
             the
             best
             Pulse
             whatsoeuer
             being
             euer
             at
             least
             three
             times
             turned
             and
             foure
             times
             beaten
             ouer
             .
          
           
             Hauing
             thus
             generally
             runne
             ouer
             (
             in
             a
             short
             computation
             )
             
             the
             labours
             of
             the
             husbandman
             .
             I
             will
             now
             
             as
             bricfly
             as
             I
             can
             ,
             goe
             ouer
             the
             particular
             dayes
             la
             bours
             of
             a
             Farmer
             or
             aPlowman
             ,
             shewing
             the
             particular
             expence
             of
             euery
             houre
             in
             the
             day
             ,
             from
             his
             first
             rising
             ,
             till
             his
             going
             to
             bed
             ,
             as
             thus
             for
             example
             ;
             we
             will
             suppose
             it
             to
             be
             after
             Christmas
             ,
             and
             about
             plow
             day
             (
             which
             is
             the
             first
             letting
             out
             of
             the
             plow
             )
             and
             at
             what
             time
             men
             either
             begin
             to
             fallow
             ,
             or
             to
             breake
             vp
             Pease
             earth
             which
             is
             to
             lye
             to
             baite
             ,
             according
             to
             the
             custom
             of
             the
             countrey
             ;
             at
             this
             time
             the
             Plowman
             shall
             rise
             before
             foure
             of
             the
             clock
             in
             the
             morning
             ,
             and
             after
             thanks
             giuen
             to
             God
             for
             his
             rest
             and
             the
             successe
             of
             his
             labors
             ,
             he
             shall
             goe
             into
             his
             stable
             ,
             or
             beast
             house
             ,
             and
             first
             he
             shall
             fodder
             his
             cattell
             ,
             then
             cleanse
             the
             house
             ,
             and
             make
             the
             boothes
             neate
             and
             cleane
             ,
             rubbe
             downe
             the
             cattell
             ,
             and
             cleanse
             their
             skinnes
             from
             all
             filth
             ,
             then
             he
             shall
             curry
             his
             horses
             ,
             rubbe
             them
             with
             cloathes
             and
             wispes
             ,
             and
             make
             both
             them
             and
             the
             stable
             as
             cleane
             as
             may
             be
             ,
             then
             he
             shall
             water
             both
             his
             Oxen
             and
             Horses
             ,
             and
             housing
             them
             againe
             ,
             giue
             them
             more
             fodder
             ,
             and
             to
             his
             horse
             by
             all
             meanes
             prouender
             ,
             as
             chaffe
             and
             dry
             Pease
             or
             Beanes
             ,
             or
             Oat-huls
             ,
             Pease
             or
             Beanes
             ,
             or
             cleane
             Oates
             ,
             or
             cleane
             garbadge
             (
             which
             is
             the
             hinder
             ends
             of
             any
             kinde
             of
             Graine
             but
             Rye
             )
             with
             the
             straw
             chopt
             small
             amongst
             it
             )
             according
             as
             the
             ability
             of
             the
             Husbandman
             is
             .
          
           
             And
             whilst
             they
             are
             eating
             their
             meat
             ,
             he
             shall
             make
             ready
             his
             collars
             ,
             hames
             ,
             treates
             ,
             halters
             ,
             '
             mullens
             ,
             and
             plow-geares
             ,
             seeing
             euery
             thing
             fit
             and
             in
             his
             due
             place
             ,
             and
             to
             these
             labours
             I
             will
             also
             allow
             ,
             full
             two
             houres
             ,
             that
             is
             to
             say
             ,
             from
             foure
             of
             the
             clocke
             ,
             till
             sixe
             ,
             then
             shall
             he
             come
             into
             breakfast
             ,
             and
             to
             that
             I
             allow
             him
             halfe
             an
             houre
             ,
             and
             then
             another
             halfe
             
             houre
             to
             the
             gearing
             and
             yoaking
             of
             his
             cattell
             ,
             so
             that
             at
             seuen
             of
             the
             clocke
             he
             may
             set
             forward
             to
             his
             labour
             and
             then
             he
             shall
             plow
             from
             seauen
             of
             the
             clocke
             in
             the
             morning
             ,
             till
             bet
             wixt
             two
             and
             three
             in
             the
             afternoone
             ,
             then
             he
             shall
             vnyoake
             and
             bring
             home
             his
             cattell
             ,
             and
             hauing
             rub'd
             them
             ,
             drest
             them
             ,
             and
             cleansed-away
             all
             durt
             and
             filth
             ,
             he
             shall
             fodder
             them
             ,
             and
             giue
             them
             meat
             ,
             then
             shal
             the
             seruants
             go
             in
             to
             their
             dinner
             ,
             which
             allowed
             halfe
             an
             houre
             ,
             it
             will
             then
             be
             towards
             foure
             of
             the
             clocke
             ,
             at
             what
             time
             he
             shall
             goe
             to
             his
             cattell
             againe
             and
             rubbing
             them
             downe
             ,
             and
             cleansing
             their
             stalles
             ,
             giue
             them
             more
             fodder
             ,
             which
             done
             he
             shall
             goe
             into
             the
             oarnes
             ,
             and
             prouide
             and
             make
             ready
             fodder
             of
             all
             kinds
             ,
             for
             the
             next
             day
             ,
             whether
             it
             be
             hay
             ,
             straw
             ,
             or
             blend-fodder
             ,
             according
             to
             the
             ability
             of
             the
             husbandman
             ;
             this
             being
             done
             and
             carryed
             into
             the
             stable
             ,
             oxehouse
             ,
             or
             other
             conuenicnt
             place
             ,
             he
             shall
             then
             goe
             water
             his
             cattell
             ,
             and
             giue
             them
             more
             meat
             ,
             and
             to
             his
             horse
             prouender
             as
             before
             shewed
             :
             and
             by
             this
             time
             it
             will
             draw
             past
             sixe
             of
             the
             clocke
             ,
             at
             what
             time
             he
             shall
             come
             in
             to
             supper
             ,
             and
             after
             supper
             hee
             shall
             either
             by
             the
             fire
             side
             ,
             mend
             shooes
             both
             for
             himselfe
             and
             the
             family
             ,
             or
             beat
             and
             knock
             hempe
             ,
             or
             flaxe
             ,
             or
             picke
             and
             stampe
             apples
             ,
             or
             crabs
             for
             cider
             or
             verdiuyce
             ,
             or
             else
             grinde
             malt
             on
             the
             quernes
             ,
             picke
             candle-rushes
             ,
             or
             doe
             some
             husbandly
             office
             within
             dores
             till
             it
             be
             full
             eight
             a
             clocke
             ;
             Then
             shall
             he
             take
             his
             lanthorne
             and
             candle
             ,
             and
             goe
             to
             his
             cattell
             ,
             and
             hauing
             cleansed
             the
             stailes
             and
             planckes
             ,
             litter
             them
             downe
             ,
             looke
             that
             they
             be
             safely
             tyed
             ,
             and
             then
             fodder
             &
             giue
             them
             meate
             for
             all
             night
             ,
             then
             giuing
             God
             thankes
             for
             benefits
             receiued
             that
             day
             let
             him
             and
             the
             whole
             househould
             goe
             to
             their
             rest
             till
             the
             next
             morning
             .
          
           
           
             Now
             it
             is
             to
             be
             intended
             that
             there
             may
             be
             in
             the
             houshold
             ,
             more
             seruants
             then
             one
             ;
             and
             so
             you
             will
             demaund
             of
             me
             what
             the
             rest
             of
             the
             seruants
             shall
             be
             imployed
             in
             before
             and
             after
             the
             time
             of
             plowing
             ;
             to
             this
             I
             answer
             ,
             that
             they
             may
             either
             goe
             into
             the
             barne
             and
             thrash
             ,
             fill
             or
             empty
             the
             malt
             fat
             ,
             load
             or
             vnload
             the
             kilne
             or
             any
             other
             good
             and
             necessary
             worke
             that
             is
             about
             the
             yard
             ,
             and
             after
             they
             come
             from
             plowing
             ,
             some
             may
             goe
             into
             the
             barne
             and
             thrash
             ,
             some
             hedge
             ,
             ditch
             ,
             stop
             gaps
             in
             broken
             fences
             ,
             dig
             in
             the
             orchard
             or
             garden
             ,
             or
             any
             other
             out
             work
             which
             is
             needfull
             to
             be
             done
             ,
             &
             which
             about
             the
             husbandman
             is
             neuer
             wanting
             ,
             especially
             one
             must
             haue
             a
             care
             euery
             night
             to
             looke
             ●…o
             the
             mending
             or
             sharpning
             of
             the
             plow
             yrons
             ,
             and
             the
             repairing
             of
             the
             plow
             and
             plow
             geares
             ,
             if
             any
             be
             out
             of
             order
             ,
             for
             to
             deferre
             them
             till
             the
             morrow
             ,
             were
             the
             losse
             of
             a
             dayes
             worke
             ,
             and
             the
             worst
             point
             of
             husbandry
             that
             might
             be
             ,
             besides
             the
             example
             .
          
           
             And
             thus
             from
             this
             briefe
             and
             compendious
             computation
             ,
             may
             a
             man
             compute
             and
             direct
             the
             workes
             of
             his
             family
             ,
             how
             great
             soeuer
             it
             be
             and
             keepe
             euery
             one
             to
             his
             true
             and
             distinct
             labour
             ,
             without
             amazement
             or
             molestation
             .
          
           
             Now
             for
             the
             particular
             labours
             of
             cattell
             ,
             though
             it
             
             be
             already
             inclusiuely
             spoken
             of
             in
             that
             which
             is
             gone
             before
             ,
             where
             I
             shew
             you
             how
             much
             a
             man
             may
             conueniently
             plow
             in
             a
             day
             with
             one
             Teame
             or
             draught
             of
             cattell
             ,
             yet
             for
             further
             satisfaction
             ,
             you
             shall
             vnderstand
             that
             in
             your
             cattell
             ,
             there
             are
             many
             things
             to
             be
             obserued
             ,
             as
             the
             kind
             ,
             the
             number
             &
             the
             soile
             they
             labor
             in
             ,
             for
             the
             kind
             which
             are
             Oxen
             ,
             buls
             ,
             or
             horses
             ,
             the
             best
             for
             the
             draught
             ,
             are
             Oxen
             ,
             &
             the
             reasons
             I
             haue
             shewed
             in
             my
             former
             workes
             ,
             the
             next
             are
             Horses
             ,
             and
             the
             
             worst
             Bulles
             ,
             because
             they
             are
             most
             troublesome
             ;
             the
             number
             fit
             for
             the
             plow
             is
             eight
             ,
             sixe
             ,
             or
             foure
             ;
             for
             the
             Cart
             ,
             fiue
             or
             foure
             ,
             and
             for
             the
             Weine
             neuer
             vnder
             sixe
             ,
             except
             in
             loading
             home
             of
             haruest
             ,
             where
             loading
             easily
             ,
             foure
             very
             good
             oxen
             are
             sufficient
             ,
             for
             the
             soile
             of
             it
             be
             of
             the
             toughest
             and
             deepest
             earth
             ,
             eight
             beasts
             can
             doe
             no
             more
             but
             fallow
             ,
             or
             breake
             vp
             Pease
             earth
             ,
             no
             nor
             sooner
             surre
             ,
             if
             the
             season
             grow
             hard
             and
             dry
             ,
             for
             soyling
             ;
             winter
             rigging
             ,
             and
             seed
             furrow
             ,
             sixe
             beasts
             may
             dispatch
             that
             labour
             :
             if
             the
             soile
             be
             mixt
             and
             haffel
             ,
             then
             sixe
             may
             fallow
             and
             sow
             Pease
             ,
             and
             foure
             doe
             euery
             other
             ordure
             ;
             but
             if
             it
             be
             light
             and
             easie
             sand
             ,
             then
             foure
             is
             enow
             in
             euery
             season
             ;
             for
             the
             quantity
             of
             their
             worke
             ,
             an
             oxe
             plow
             may
             not
             doe
             so
             much
             as
             a
             horse
             plow
             ,
             because
             they
             are
             not
             so
             swift
             ,
             nor
             may
             be
             driuen
             out
             of
             their
             pace
             ,
             being
             more
             apt
             to
             surfeit
             then
             horses
             be
             ,
             so
             that
             for
             an
             oxe
             plow
             to
             do
             an
             aker
             ,
             and
             a
             horse
             plow
             an
             aker
             and
             a
             rood
             ,
             or
             an
             aker
             and
             a
             halfe
             in
             good
             ground
             is
             worke
             fully
             sufficient
             .
             And
             thus
             much
             for
             a
             briefe
             and
             generall
             computation
             of
             men
             and
             cattels
             labours
             ,
             how
             they
             ought
             to
             be
             imployed
             for
             the
             best
             vse
             and
             profit
             .
          
        
         
           
             CHAP.
             XVII
             .
          
           
             
               The
               applying
               of
               has
               bandry
               to
               the
               seuerall
               countreys
               of
               this
               Kingdome
               ,
               where
               in
               is
               shewed
               the
               office
               and
               duty
               of
               the
               Carter
               or
               Plowman
            
          
           
             IT
             is
             to
             be
             vnderstood
             that
             Husbandry
             doth
             vary
             according
             to
             the
             nature
             and
             climats
             of
             countries
             ;
             not
             one
             rule
             obserued
             in
             all
             places
             ,
             nor
             all
             places
             to
             be
             gouerned
             and
             directed
             by
             one
             rule
             ,
             but
             according
             
             as
             the
             earth
             ,
             the
             ayre
             ,
             the
             much
             or
             little
             heat
             ,
             moisture
             or
             cold
             doth
             increase
             or
             diminish
             ,
             so
             must
             the
             skilful
             husbandman
             alter
             his
             seasons
             ,
             labours
             and
             instruments
             ;
             for
             in
             stiffe
             clayes
             ,
             as
             are
             all
             the
             fruitfull
             Vales
             of
             this
             kingdome
             (
             of
             which
             I
             haue
             named
             most
             part
             in
             a
             Chapter
             before
             ,
             as
             also
             Huntington-shire
             ,
             Bedford-shire
             ,
             Cambridge-shire
             ,
             and
             many
             other
             of
             like
             nature
             ,
             all
             manner
             of
             errable
             workes
             must
             be
             begun
             at
             early
             seasons
             ,
             and
             betimes
             in
             the
             yeare
             ,
             and
             the
             plowes
             and
             instruments
             must
             be
             of
             large
             size
             &
             strong
             timbers
             ,
             and
             the
             labour
             great
             and
             painfull
             ;
             so
             also
             in
             mixt
             soiles
             that
             are
             good
             and
             fruitful
             ,
             as
             Norhampton
             shire
             ,
             Hartfortshire
             ,
             most
             part
             of
             Kent
             ,
             Essex
             ,
             Barkshire
             and
             countries
             of
             like
             nature
             ;
             all
             errable
             toyles
             would
             begin
             at
             latter
             seasons
             ,
             and
             the
             plowes
             and
             instruments
             ,
             would
             be
             of
             middle
             size
             and
             indifferent
             timbers
             ,
             and
             the
             labour
             somewhat
             lesse
             then
             the
             other
             ,
             but
             the
             light
             sandy
             grounds
             which
             haue
             also
             a
             certaine
             natural
             fruitfulnes
             in
             them
             ,
             as
             in
             Norfolke
             ,
             Suffolke
             ,
             most
             part
             of
             Lincolneshire
             ,
             Hampshire
             ,
             Surry
             and
             countries
             of
             that
             nature
             ,
             all
             errable
             toiles
             would
             begin
             at
             the
             latest
             seasons
             ,
             and
             the
             plowes
             and
             instruments
             would
             be
             of
             the
             smallest
             and
             lightest
             size
             ,
             and
             of
             the
             least
             timbers
             ,
             and
             the
             labour
             of
             all
             other
             is
             most
             easie
             .
          
           
             Lastly
             ,
             for
             the
             barren
             and
             vnfruitfull
             carthes
             (
             of
             which
             onely
             I
             haue
             written
             of
             in
             this
             booke
             )
             as
             is
             Deuonshire
             ,
             Cornwall
             ,
             many
             parts
             of
             Wales
             ,
             Darbyshire
             Lancashire
             ,
             Cheshire
             ,
             Yorkeshire
             ,
             and
             many
             other
             like
             or
             worse
             then
             they
             ;
             the
             errable
             toiles
             would
             haue
             certaine
             set
             time
             or
             sit
             season
             of
             the
             yeare
             ,
             but
             onely
             according
             to
             the
             temperatnes
             of
             the
             yere
             ,
             which
             if
             it
             happen
             early
             ,
             then
             you
             must
             begin
             your
             labors
             early
             ,
             but
             if
             it
             fall
             lower
             in
             the
             yeere
             ,
             then
             you
             must
             begin
             your
             
             labours
             at
             later
             seasons
             ,
             and
             for
             your
             plow
             and
             instruments
             ,
             they
             must
             not
             keepe
             any
             certaine
             proportion
             ,
             but
             be
             framed
             euer
             according
             vnto
             the
             ground
             ,
             the
             stronger
             and
             stiffer
             ground
             hauing
             euer
             the
             strong
             and
             large
             plow
             with
             instruments
             of
             like
             kinde
             ,
             and
             the
             lighter
             and
             more
             easie
             earth
             ,
             a
             plow
             and
             instruments
             of
             more
             easie
             substance
             ;
             as
             for
             the
             labour
             ,
             it
             must
             be
             such
             and
             no
             other
             then
             that
             which
             hath
             been
             already
             declared
             in
             this
             booke
             .
          
           
             And
             hence
             it
             comes
             that
             the
             office
             and
             duty
             of
             euery
             
             skilfull
             plowman
             or
             Carter
             ,
             is
             first
             to
             looke
             to
             the
             nature
             of
             the
             earth
             ,
             next
             to
             the
             seasons
             of
             the
             yere
             ,
             then
             to
             the
             customes
             and
             fashions
             of
             the
             place
             wherein
             hee
             liueth
             :
             which
             customes
             although
             they
             be
             held
             as
             second
             natures
             amongst
             vs
             ,
             and
             that
             the
             best
             reasons
             of
             the
             best
             workemen
             commonly
             are
             ,
             that
             thus
             I
             doe
             because
             thus
             they
             doe
             ;
             yet
             would
             I
             wish
             no
             man
             to
             binde
             himselfe
             more
             strictly
             to
             custom
             ,
             then
             the
             discourse
             of
             reason
             shal
             be
             his
             warrant
             ,
             and
             as
             I
             would
             not
             haue
             him
             to
             preiudicat
             in
             his
             owne
             opinion
             ,
             so
             I
             would
             not
             haue
             him
             too
             great
             a
             slaue
             to
             other
             mens
             traditions
             ,
             but
             starding
             vpon
             the
             ground
             of
             reason
             made
             good
             by
             experience
             ,
             I
             would
             euer
             haue
             him
             profit
             in
             his
             owne
             iudgement
             .
             Now
             of
             these
             matters
             I
             haue
             written
             sufficient
             both
             in
             this
             booke
             ,
             and
             in
             my
             former
             ,
             and
             also
             for
             the
             election
             ,
             ordering
             ,
             tempering
             ,
             and
             making
             of
             all
             sorts
             of
             plowes
             or
             plow
             yrons
             ,
             together
             with
             the
             Teames
             ,
             dranghts
             and
             other
             aduantages
             ,
             of
             which
             whosoeuer
             is
             ignotant
             ,
             let
             him
             looke
             into
             the
             English
             Husbandman
             ,
             and
             he
             may
             be
             satisfied
             :
             Now
             the
             further
             office
             and
             duty
             of
             the
             Husbandman
             ,
             is
             with
             great
             care
             and
             diligence
             to
             respect
             in
             what
             sort
             or
             fashion
             to
             plow
             his
             ground
             ;
             for
             although
             I
             haue
             in
             the
             former
             Chapters
             
             shewed
             how
             he
             shall
             lay
             his
             furrowes
             ,
             what
             depth
             he
             shall
             plow
             them
             ,
             and
             how
             he
             shal
             be
             able
             to
             raise
             and
             gaine
             the
             greatest
             store
             of
             mould
             ,
             yet
             is
             there
             also
             another
             consideration
             to
             be
             had
             ,
             no
             lesse
             profitable
             to
             the
             husbandman
             ,
             then
             any
             of
             the
             former
             ,
             and
             that
             is
             how
             to
             lay
             your
             lands
             best
             for
             your
             own
             profit
             &
             ease
             ,
             as
             also
             the
             ease
             of
             your
             cattel
             ,
             which
             shal
             draw
             within
             your
             draught
             ,
             as
             thus
             for
             instance
             :
             if
             your
             erable
             land
             shall
             lie
             against
             the
             srde
             of
             any
             steepe
             or
             mountainous
             high
             hill
             (
             as
             for
             the
             most
             part
             all
             barren
             earthes
             do
             )
             if
             then
             you
             shall
             plow
             such
             land
             directly
             against
             the
             hill
             ,
             beginning
             below
             ,
             and
             so
             ascending
             straight
             vpright
             and
             so
             downe
             againe
             ,
             and
             vp
             againe
             ;
             this
             very
             labour
             and
             toyling
             against
             the
             hill
             wilbreed
             such
             a
             bitter
             wearisomnesse
             to
             the
             cattell
             ,
             and
             such
             a
             discouragement
             ,
             that
             you
             shal
             not
             be
             able
             to
             compasse
             one
             halfe
             part
             of
             your
             labour
             ;
             besides
             ,
             the
             danger
             of
             ouer-heating
             and
             surfetting
             of
             your
             beasts
             ,
             whence
             will
             spring
             many
             mortal
             diseases
             .
             Therefore
             when
             you
             shal
             plow
             any
             such
             ground
             ,
             be
             sure
             euer
             to
             plow
             it
             side-wayes
             ouerthwart
             the
             hil
             ,
             where
             your
             beasts
             may
             euer
             tread
             on
             the
             leuel
             ground
             and
             neuer
             directly
             vp
             and
             downe
             ,
             so
             shal
             your
             cattel
             be
             better
             able
             to
             endure
             the
             draught
             ,
             and
             you
             with
             much
             case
             and
             comfort
             be
             able
             to
             compasse
             and
             finish
             your
             labors
             ,
             Besides
             the
             compasse
             and
             meanure
             which
             you
             shall
             lay
             vpon
             the
             ground
             shall
             not
             be
             so
             soone
             washt
             away
             from
             the
             top
             or
             vpper
             part
             of
             the
             ground
             ,
             because
             the
             furrowes
             not
             lying
             straight
             downe
             in
             an
             euen
             and
             direct
             discent
             ,
             but
             turned
             crosse-wise
             vpward
             against
             the
             hil
             ,
             it
             must
             necessarily
             hold
             the
             soyle
             within
             it
             ,
             and
             not
             let
             it
             wash
             away
             as
             it
             were
             through
             liberall
             channels
             ,
             as
             I
             haue
             oft
             seene
             in
             diuers
             places
             where
             the
             corne
             hath
             been
             as
             ranke
             as
             might
             be
             at
             the
             bottome
             ,
             
             and
             not
             any
             growing
             at
             the
             top
             ;
             only
             for
             want
             of
             well
             ordering
             of
             the
             Lands
             ,
             and
             knowledge
             how
             to
             prepare
             ,
             both
             for
             a
             mans
             owne
             ease
             and
             his
             cattels
             .
          
           
             Againe
             ,
             it
             is
             the
             office
             &
             duty
             of
             euery
             good
             Plowman
             
             to
             know
             what
             cattle
             are
             meetest
             for
             his
             draught
             ;
             as
             whether
             Oxen
             ,
             or
             Horse
             ,
             or
             both
             oxen
             and
             horse
             :
             wherein
             is
             be
             vnderstood
             that
             although
             of
             all
             draughts
             whatsoeuer
             within
             this
             kingdome
             ,
             there
             is
             none
             so
             good
             to
             plow
             withall
             ,
             both
             in
             respect
             of
             the
             strength
             ,
             stabilitie
             ,
             indurance
             and
             fitnes
             for
             labour
             ,
             as
             the
             oxen
             are
             ,
             in
             whom
             there
             is
             seldome
             ,
             or
             neuer
             ,
             any
             losse
             ,
             because
             whensocuer
             his
             seruice
             faileth
             in
             the
             draught
             ,
             his
             flesh
             wil
             be
             of
             good
             price
             in
             the
             shambles
             ;
             yet
             not
             withstanding
             in
             this
             case
             a
             man
             must
             necessarily
             bind
             himselfe
             much
             to
             the
             custome
             of
             the
             Countrey
             ,
             and
             fashion
             of
             his
             neighbours
             ;
             for
             if
             you
             shall
             liue
             in
             a
             place
             where
             fuel
             is
             scarse
             ,
             and
             far
             to
             be
             fetcht
             as
             commouly
             it
             is
             in
             all
             barren
             Countries
             ,
             which
             for
             the
             most
             part
             are
             stony
             Champaines
             or
             cold
             Mountaines
             ;
             and
             your
             neighbours
             as
             wel
             for
             the
             speed
             of
             their
             Iourneis
             ,
             as
             for
             the
             length
             keepe
             Horse
             draughts
             :
             in
             this
             case
             you
             must
             also
             doe
             the
             like
             ,
             or
             else
             you
             shall
             want
             their
             companies
             in
             your
             Iourney
             ,
             which
             is
             both
             discomfort
             and
             disprofit
             if
             any
             mischance
             or
             casualty
             shall
             happen
             ,
             or
             being
             inforst
             to
             driue
             your
             Oxen
             as
             fast
             as
             they
             doe
             their
             Horse
             ,
             you
             shal
             not
             onely
             ouerheate
             ,
             tire
             ,
             bruise
             and
             spoile
             them
             ;
             but
             also
             make
             them
             vtterly
             vnfit
             either
             for
             feeding
             or
             labour
             :
             and
             therefore
             if
             your
             estate
             be
             mean
             ,
             &
             that
             you
             haue
             no
             more
             but
             what
             necessitie
             requires
             ,
             then
             you
             shal
             sort
             your
             plow
             or
             Teeme
             according
             to
             the
             fashion
             of
             your
             Countrey
             ,
             and
             the
             vse
             of
             your
             neighbours
             :
             but
             if
             God
             haue
             blest
             you
             with
             great
             blenty
             ,
             then
             it
             shal
             not
             be
             amisse
             for
             you
             to
             
             haue
             euer
             an
             Oxe
             draught
             or
             two
             to
             till
             your
             Land
             ;
             and
             a
             Horse
             draught
             to
             do
             all
             your
             forraine
             and
             abroad
             businesses
             ;
             so
             shall
             your
             worke
             at
             home
             euer
             goe
             constantly
             forward
             ,
             and
             your
             outward
             necessary
             prouisions
             neuer
             be
             wanting
             .
          
           
             Now
             for
             the
             mixture
             of
             Oxen
             and
             Horse
             together
             ,
             it
             falleth
             out
             oftentimes
             ,
             that
             the
             plowman
             must
             of
             force
             be
             prouided
             with
             cattell
             of
             both
             kind
             ,
             as
             if
             he
             happen
             to
             liue
             in
             a
             mountanous
             and
             rocky
             countrey
             ,
             where
             the
             steepenesse
             of
             the
             hills
             ,
             and
             narrownesse
             of
             the
             wayes
             will
             suffer
             neither
             Cart
             ,
             Weine
             ,
             nor
             Tumbrell
             to
             passe
             ;
             in
             this
             case
             you
             shall
             keepe
             Oxen
             for
             the
             plow
             to
             till
             the
             ground
             with
             ,
             and
             Horses
             to
             carry
             pots
             or
             hookes
             :
             the
             first
             to
             carry
             foorth
             your
             meanure
             ,
             and
             the
             other
             to
             bring
             home
             your
             hay
             and
             Corne
             haruest
             ,
             your
             fuell
             and
             other
             prouisions
             which
             are
             needfull
             for
             your
             family
             ;
             as
             they
             doe
             both
             in
             Cornewall
             ,
             and
             all
             other
             mountainous
             countries
             ,
             where
             Carts
             and
             weines
             and
             such
             like
             draughts
             ,
             haue
             no
             possible
             passage
             .
          
           
             Againe
             ,
             it
             is
             the
             office
             and
             duty
             of
             ●…uery
             good
             plowman
             to
             know
             his
             seuerall
             labours
             ,
             for
             euery
             seuerall
             moneth
             through
             the
             whole
             yeare
             ,
             whereby
             no
             day
             nor
             houre
             may
             bee
             misspent
             ,
             but
             euery
             time
             and
             season
             imployed
             according
             as
             his
             nature
             requireth
             ,
             as
             thus
             for
             example
             .
          
           
             In
             the
             moneth
             of
             Ianuary
             ,
             the
             painefull
             plowman
             if
             
             he
             liue
             in
             fertile
             and
             good
             soyles
             ,
             as
             amongst
             rich
             ,
             stiffe
             ,
             simple
             cleys
             ,
             he
             shall
             first
             break
             vp
             ,
             or
             plow
             vp
             his
             pease
             earth
             ,
             because
             it
             must
             lye
             to
             take
             baite
             before
             it
             be
             sowne
             ;
             but
             if
             he
             liue
             in
             fruitful
             wel
             mixt
             soyles
             ,
             then
             in
             this
             moneth
             he
             shall
             begin
             to
             fallow
             the
             field
             he
             will
             lay
             to
             rest
             the
             yeare
             following
             ;
             but
             if
             he
             liue
             vpon
             hard
             barren
             earths
             (
             of
             which
             chiefely
             I
             write
             )
             then
             
             in
             this
             moneth
             he
             shall
             water
             his
             Meadowes
             and
             Pasture
             grounds
             ,
             and
             he
             shal
             draine
             and
             make
             dry
             his
             errable
             grounds
             ,
             especially
             where
             he
             intends
             to
             sow
             Pease
             ,
             Oates
             ,
             or
             Barley
             ,
             the
             feed-time
             following
             .
          
           
             Also
             he
             shall
             stubbe
             and
             roote
             vp
             all
             such
             rough
             grounds
             as
             he
             intends
             to
             sow
             the
             yeare
             following
             ;
             in
             this
             Moneth
             you
             shall
             meanure
             and
             trime
             vp
             you
             garden
             moulds
             ,
             you
             shal
             comfort
             with
             meanure
             ,
             sand
             ,
             or
             lime
             ,
             or
             all
             three
             mixt
             together
             ,
             the
             rootes
             of
             all
             barren
             fruit
             trees
             :
             and
             also
             you
             may
             cut
             downe
             all
             fuch
             timber
             as
             you
             would
             not
             haue
             chinke
             or
             riue
             ,
             but
             hold
             firme
             and
             close
             together
             ,
             onely
             there
             will
             bee
             losse
             in
             the
             barke
             ,
             for
             the
             time
             is
             something
             to
             earely
             for
             it
             to
             rise
             .
          
           
             Lastly
             ,
             you
             may
             transplant
             all
             sorts
             of
             Fruit
             trees
             ,
             the
             weather
             being
             open
             ,
             and
             the
             ground
             cafie
             :
             you
             may
             reare
             Calues
             ,
             remooue
             Bees
             ,
             and
             for
             your
             owne
             health
             ,
             keepe
             your
             body
             warme
             ,
             let
             good
             diet
             and
             wholesome
             be
             your
             Physition
             ,
             and
             rather
             with
             exercise
             ,
             then
             sauce
             ,
             increase
             your
             appetite
             .
          
           
             In
             the
             Moneth
             of
             February
             ,
             either
             set
             or
             sowe
             all
             sorts
             of
             Beanes
             ,
             Pease
             ,
             and
             other
             Pulsle
             ,
             and
             the
             stiffer
             
             your
             ground
             is
             ,
             the
             sooner
             begin
             your
             worke
             ,
             prepare
             your
             Garden
             mould
             ,
             and
             make
             it
             cafie
             and
             tender
             ,
             prune
             and
             trime
             all
             sorts
             of
             Fruit
             trees
             from
             mosse
             ,
             cankers
             ,
             and
             all
             superfluous
             branches
             ;
             plasse
             your
             hedges
             ,
             and
             lay
             you
             quicksets
             closse
             and
             entire
             together
             ,
             plant
             Roses
             ,
             Gooseberies
             ,
             and
             any
             fruit
             that
             growes
             vpon
             small
             bushes
             ;
             graf●…
             at
             the
             latter
             ende
             of
             this
             moneth
             vpon
             yong
             and
             tenderstockes
             ,
             but
             by
             all
             meanes
             ouerlade
             not
             the
             stocks
             :
             Inaugurat●…in
             in
             this
             moneth
             ,
             or
             any
             other
             ,
             as
             soone
             as
             the
             barke
             will
             rise
             ,
             and
             also
             set
             any
             slips
             ,
             branches
             ,
             or
             young
             syens
             .
          
           
           
             Lastly
             ,
             for
             your
             health
             ,
             take
             heed
             of
             cold
             ,
             forbeare
             meats
             that
             are
             slimy
             and
             flegmatique
             ,
             and
             if
             need
             require
             ,
             or
             purge
             ,
             bathe
             ,
             or
             bleed
             ,
             as
             art
             shall
             direct
             you
             .
          
           
             In
             the
             moneth
             of
             March
             ,
             make
             an
             end
             of
             sowing
             of
             
             all
             sorts
             of
             smal
             pulse
             ,
             and
             begin
             to
             sow
             Oates
             ,
             Barley
             and
             Rye
             ,
             which
             is
             called
             March
             Rye
             ;
             graft
             all
             sorts
             of
             fruit
             trees
             ,
             and
             with
             young
             plants
             and
             syens
             replenish
             your
             nurcery
             ,
             couer
             the
             roots
             of
             all
             trees
             that
             are
             bared
             and
             with
             fat
             earth
             lay
             them
             close
             and
             warme
             ,
             if
             any
             tree
             grow
             barren
             ,
             boare
             holes
             in
             his
             roote
             ,
             and
             driue
             hard
             wedges
             or
             pins
             of
             oake
             wood
             therein
             ,
             and
             that
             wil
             bring
             fruitfulnesse
             ;
             transplant
             al
             sorts
             of
             Sommer
             flowers
             ,
             and
             giue
             new
             comfort
             of
             meanure
             and
             earth
             to
             al
             early
             outlandish
             flowers
             ,
             especially
             to
             the
             crowne
             Emperiall
             ,
             
               Tulippos
               ,
               Hyacynth
            
             and
             Narcissus
             of
             all
             shapes
             and
             colours
             ,
             cut
             downe
             vnderwood
             for
             fuel
             or
             fencing
             ,
             and
             looke
             wel
             to
             your
             cwes
             ,
             for
             then
             is
             the
             principall
             time
             of
             yeaning
             :
             And
             lastly
             ,
             bathe
             often
             ,
             bleed
             but
             vpon
             extreamity
             ,
             purge
             not
             without
             good
             counsell
             ,
             and
             let
             your
             dyet
             be
             coole
             and
             temperate
             .
          
           
             In
             the
             moneth
             of
             April
             finish
             vp
             all
             your
             barley
             seed
             
             and
             beginne
             to
             sowe
             your
             hempe
             and
             flaxe
             ;
             sow
             your
             garden
             seeds
             ,
             and
             plant
             all
             sorts
             of
             herbes
             ;
             finish
             grafing
             in
             the
             stock
             ,
             but
             begin
             your
             principal
             inauguration
             for
             then
             the
             rinde
             is
             most
             plyant
             and
             gentle
             ;
             open
             your
             hiues
             and
             giue
             the
             Bees
             free
             libertie
             ,
             leaue
             to
             succour
             them
             with
             foode
             ,
             and
             let
             them
             labour
             for
             their
             liuing
             :
             Now
             cut
             downe
             all
             great
             Oake
             timber
             ,
             for
             now
             the
             barke
             will
             rise
             and
             be
             in
             season
             for
             the
             Tanner
             ;
             Now
             scowre
             your
             ditches
             ,
             and
             gather
             such
             meanure
             as
             you
             doe
             make
             in
             the
             streets
             and
             high
             waies
             into
             great
             heaps
             together
             ,
             lay
             your
             meadowes
             ,
             fleight
             your
             corne
             grounds
             ,
             gather
             away
             stones
             ,
             repaire
             your
             high
             waies
             ,
             
             fet
             Ozyers
             ,
             and
             Willowes
             ,
             and
             cast
             vp
             the
             bankes
             and
             munds
             of
             all
             decayed
             fences
             .
          
           
             Lastly
             for
             your
             health
             ,
             either
             purge
             ,
             bathe
             or
             bleed
             ,
             as
             you
             shall
             haue
             occasion
             ,
             and
             vse
             all
             wholesomerecreation
             ,
             for
             them
             moderate
             exercise
             in
             this
             moneth
             ,
             there
             is
             no
             better
             Physicke
             .
          
           
             In
             the
             moneth
             of
             May
             sow
             Barley
             vpon
             all
             light
             
             sands
             and
             burning
             grounds
             ,
             so
             likewise
             do
             your
             hempe
             and
             flaxe
             ,
             and
             also
             al
             sorts
             of
             tender
             garden
             seeds
             as
             are
             Cucumbers
             and
             Mellons
             ,
             and
             all
             kind
             of
             sweet
             smel
             ling
             hearbes
             and
             flowers
             ;
             ●…allow
             your
             stiffe
             clayes
             ,
             Sommer-stirre
             your
             mixt
             carthes
             ,
             and
             foyle
             al
             light
             and
             loose
             hot
             sands
             .
             In
             this
             moneth
             begin
             to
             prepare
             all
             barren
             earths
             ;
             for
             Wheat
             and
             Rye
             ,
             Bourue
             baite
             ,
             Stubgorsse
             or
             Furres
             ,
             and
             root
             out
             Broome
             and
             Ferne
             ,
             begin
             to
             fould
             your
             sheepe
             ,
             lead
             forth
             meanure
             ,
             and
             bringhome
             fuel
             and
             fencing
             ,
             weed
             your
             winter
             corne
             ,
             follow
             your
             common
             workes
             ,
             and
             put
             al
             sorts
             of
             cattel
             to
             grasse
             ,
             either
             in
             pasture
             or
             teather
             ;
             put
             your
             mares
             to
             the
             horse
             ,
             let
             nothing
             be
             wanting
             to
             furnish
             the
             Dairy
             :
             and
             now
             put
             off
             all
             your
             winter-fed
             fat
             cattel
             ,
             for
             now
             they
             are
             scarcest
             and
             dearest
             ,
             put
             young
             steares
             and
             dry
             kine
             now
             to
             feed
             at
             fresh
             grasse
             ,
             and
             away
             with
             all
             Pease
             fed
             sheepe
             for
             the
             sweetnesse
             of
             grasse
             ,
             mutton
             wil
             pul
             downe
             their
             prices
             ,
          
           
             Lastly
             for
             your
             health
             ,
             vse
             drinkes
             that
             wil
             coole
             and
             purge
             the
             blood
             ,
             and
             al
             other
             such
             Physical
             precepts
             ,
             as
             true
             Arte
             shall
             prescribe
             you
             ;
             But
             beware
             of
             Mountebankes
             and
             olde
             wiues
             tales
             ,
             the
             latter
             hath
             no
             ground
             ,
             and
             the
             other
             no
             truth
             but
             apparant
             cosenage
             .
          
           
             In
             the
             moneth
             of
             Iune
             ,
             carry
             sand
             ,
             marle
             ,
             lime
             ,
             
             and
             meanure
             of
             what
             kinde
             soeuer
             to
             your
             land
             ;
             bring
             
             home
             your
             coales
             and
             other
             necessary
             fuel
             fetcht
             farre
             off
             ,
             sheare
             early
             fat
             sheepe
             ,
             sow
             all
             sorts
             of
             tender
             hearbes
             ,
             cut
             ranckelow
             medowes
             ,
             make
             the
             first
             returne
             of
             your
             fat
             cattel
             ,
             gather
             early
             Sommer
             fruites
             ,
             distil
             al
             sorts
             of
             plants
             and
             hearbs
             whatsoeuer
             .
          
           
             And
             lastly
             for
             your
             health
             ,
             vse
             much
             exercise
             thinne
             dyet
             and
             chast
             thoughts
             .
          
           
             In
             the
             moneth
             of
             Iuly
             ,
             apply
             your
             hay-haruest
             ,
             for
             
             a
             day
             slackt
             is
             many
             pounds
             lost
             ,
             chiefly
             when
             the
             weather
             is
             vn
             constant
             ,
             sheare
             all
             manner
             of
             field-sheepe
             ,
             Sommer-stir
             rich
             stiffe
             grounds
             ,
             foyle
             all
             mixt
             earthes
             and
             latter
             soyle
             all
             loose
             hot
             sands
             ,
             let
             hearbes
             you
             would
             preserue
             ,
             now
             runne
             to
             seed
             ,
             cut
             of
             the
             stalkes
             of
             outlandish
             flowers
             ,
             and
             couer
             the
             rootes
             with
             new
             earth
             ,
             so
             well
             mixt
             with
             meanure
             as
             may
             be
             ,
             sel
             all
             such
             Lambes
             as
             you
             feed
             for
             the
             Butcher
             ,
             and
             still
             leade
             forth
             sand
             ,
             marle
             ,
             lime
             and
             other
             meanure
             ,
             fence
             vp
             your
             Copses
             ,
             gaze
             your
             elder
             vnderwoods
             ,
             and
             bring
             home
             all
             your
             field-timber
             .
          
           
             And
             lastly
             for
             your
             health
             ,
             abstaine
             from
             all
             Physicke
             ,
             bleede
             not
             ,
             but
             vpon
             violent
             occasion
             ,
             and
             neither
             meddle
             with
             Wine
             ,
             Women
             ,
             nor
             other
             Wantonnesse
             .
          
           
             In
             the
             moneth
             of
             August
             apply
             your
             Corne
             
             haruest
             ,
             sheare
             downe
             your
             Wheat
             aud
             Rye
             ,
             mowe
             your
             Barley
             and
             Oats
             ,
             and
             make
             the
             second
             returne
             of
             your
             fat
             Sheepe
             and
             Cattel
             ;
             gather
             all
             your
             Sommer
             greater
             fruit
             ,
             as
             Plumes
             ,
             Apples
             ,
             and
             Peares
             ,
             make
             your
             Sommer
             ,
             or
             sweet
             Perry
             and
             Cider
             ;
             fet
             slips
             and
             scyens
             of
             all
             sorts
             of
             Gilly-flowres
             ,
             and
             other
             flowres
             ,
             and
             transplant
             them
             that
             were
             set
             the
             spring
             before
             ,
             and
             at
             the
             ende
             of
             this
             moneth
             ,
             beginne
             to
             winterrigge
             all
             fruitfull
             soyles
             whatsoeuer
             ;
             gueld
             your
             Lambes
             ,
             
             carry
             meanure
             from
             your
             doue-coats
             ,
             and
             put
             your
             Swineto
             the
             early
             or
             first
             mast
             :
             And
             lastly
             for
             your
             health
             ,
             shunne
             feasts
             and
             banquets
             ,
             let
             phisicke
             alone
             ,
             hate
             wine
             ,
             and
             onely
             take
             delight
             in
             drinkes
             that
             are
             coole
             and
             temperate
             .
          
           
             In
             the
             moneth
             of
             September
             ,
             reape
             your
             Pease
             ,
             
             Beanes
             ,
             and
             all
             other
             Pulse
             ,
             making
             a
             finall
             end
             of
             your
             haruest
             ;
             now
             bestow
             vpon
             your
             Wheat
             land
             ,
             your
             principall
             meanure
             ,
             and
             now
             sow
             your
             Wheat
             and
             Rye
             ,
             both
             in
             rich
             ,
             and
             in
             barren
             climats
             ;
             now
             put
             your
             swine
             to
             mast
             of
             all
             hands
             ,
             gather
             your
             winter
             fruit
             ,
             and
             make
             sale
             of
             your
             wooll
             ,
             and
             other
             sommer
             commodities
             ;
             now
             put
             off
             those
             stocks
             of
             bees
             ,
             you
             meane
             to
             sell
             or
             take
             for
             your
             owne
             vse
             ;
             close
             thatche
             ,
             and
             dawbde
             warme
             ,
             all
             the
             suruiuing
             hyues
             ,
             and
             looke
             that
             no
             droanes
             ,
             mice
             nor
             other
             vermine
             be
             in
             or
             about
             them
             ,
             now
             thatche
             your
             stacks
             and
             reekes
             ,
             thrash
             your
             seed
             Rye
             and
             Wheat
             and
             make
             an
             end
             with
             your
             cart
             of
             all
             forraine
             iourneyes
             .
          
           
             Lastly
             ,
             for
             your
             health
             in
             this
             moneth
             vse
             Phisicke
             ,
             but
             moderately
             ,
             forbeare
             fruits
             that
             are
             two
             pleasant
             or
             rotten
             ,
             and
             as
             death
             shunne
             ryot
             and
             surfet
             .
          
           
             In
             the
             moneth
             of
             October
             ,
             finish
             vp
             your
             Wheat-seed
             ,
             
             scower
             ditches
             and
             ponds
             ,
             plash
             and
             lay
             hedges
             and
             quickset
             ,
             transplant
             ,
             remoue
             ,
             or
             set
             all
             manner
             of
             fruit
             trees
             of
             what
             nature
             or
             quality
             soeuer
             ;
             make
             your
             winter
             cider
             and
             perry
             ,
             spare
             your
             priuate
             pastures
             and
             eate
             vp
             the
             corne-fields
             and
             commons
             ,
             and
             now
             make
             an
             end
             of
             winter-ridging
             ,
             draw
             furrowes
             to
             draine
             and
             keep
             ,
             dry
             your
             new
             sowne
             Corne
             ,
             follow
             hard
             the
             making
             of
             your
             malt
             ,
             reare
             all
             such
             calues
             as
             shall
             fall
             ,
             and
             weane
             those
             foales
             from
             your
             draught
             mares
             ,
             which
             the
             Spring
             before
             were
             foaled
             ;
             now
             sell
             al
             such
             sheep
             
             as
             you
             wil
             not
             winter
             ,
             giue
             ouer
             folding
             ,
             and
             seperate
             Lambes
             from
             the
             Ewes
             which
             you
             purpose
             to
             keepe
             for
             your
             owne
             stocke
             .
          
           
             Lastly
             ,
             for
             your
             health
             refuse
             not
             any
             needful
             physicke
             at
             the
             hands
             of
             the
             learned
             Physitian
             ,
             vse
             all
             moderate
             sports
             ,
             for
             any
             thing
             now
             is
             good
             which
             reuiueth
             the
             spirits
             .
          
           
             In
             the
             moneth
             of
             Nouember
             ,
             you
             may
             sow
             either
             
             wheat
             or
             Rye
             in
             exceeding
             hot
             soyles
             ,
             you
             may
             then
             remoue
             all
             sorts
             of
             fruit
             trees
             ,
             and
             plant
             great
             trees
             ,
             either
             for
             shelter
             or
             shadow
             ;
             now
             cut
             down
             all
             sorts
             of
             timber
             ,
             for
             plowes
             ,
             carts
             ,
             axeltrees
             ,
             naues
             ,
             harrowes
             ,
             and
             other
             husbandly
             offices
             ,
             make
             now
             the
             last
             returne
             of
             your
             grasse
             fed
             cattel
             ;
             bring
             your
             swine
             from
             the
             maste
             ,
             and
             feed
             them
             for
             slaughter
             ,
             reare
             what
             calues
             soeuer
             fall
             ,
             and
             brake
             vp
             all
             such
             Hempe
             and
             Flaxe
             as
             you
             intend
             to
             spinne
             in
             the
             winter
             season
             .
          
           
             Lastly
             ,
             for
             your
             health
             ,
             eatc
             wholesome
             and
             strong
             meats
             wel
             spiced
             and
             drest
             free
             from
             rawnesse
             ,
             drinke
             swect
             wines
             ,
             and
             for
             difiestion
             euer
             before
             cheese
             preferre
             good
             and
             moderate
             exercise
             .
          
           
             In
             the
             moneth
             of
             December
             ,
             put
             your
             sheepe
             and
             
             swine
             to
             the
             Pease
             reeks
             ,
             and
             fat
             them
             for
             the
             slaughter
             and
             market
             ;
             now
             kill
             your
             small
             Porks
             and
             large
             Bacons
             ,
             lop
             hedges
             and
             trees
             ,
             saw
             out
             your
             timber
             for
             building
             ,
             and
             lay
             it
             to
             season
             ,
             and
             if
             your
             land
             be
             exceeding
             stiffe
             ,
             and
             rise
             vp
             in
             an
             extraordinary
             furrow
             ,
             then
             in
             this
             moneth
             begin
             to
             plow
             vp
             that
             ground
             whereon
             you
             meane
             to
             sow
             cleane
             Beanes
             onely
             ,
             now
             couer
             you
             dainty
             fruit
             trees
             al
             ouer
             with
             canuase
             and
             hide
             al
             your
             best
             flowers
             from
             frosts
             and
             stormes
             with
             rotten
             old
             horse
             litter
             ;
             now
             draine
             al
             your
             corn-fields
             and
             as
             occasion
             shal
             serue
             ,
             so
             water
             and
             keepe
             moyst
             
             your
             medows
             ;
             now
             become
             the
             Fowler
             with
             piece
             ,
             nets
             and
             al
             maner
             of
             engin
             ,
             for
             in
             this
             moneth
             no
             foule
             is
             out
             of
             season
             :
             Now
             fish
             ,
             for
             the
             Carpe
             ,
             the
             Breame
             ,
             Pyke
             ,
             Tench
             ,
             Barbel
             ,
             Peale
             and
             Salmon
             .
             And
             lastly
             for
             your
             health
             ,
             eate
             meates
             that
             are
             hot
             and
             nourishing
             ;
             drinke
             good
             wine
             that
             is
             neat
             ,
             sprighty
             and
             lusty
             ,
             keep
             thy
             body
             wel
             clad
             ,
             and
             thy
             house
             warme
             ,
             forsake
             what
             socuer
             is
             flegmatick
             ,
             and
             banish
             al
             care
             from
             thy
             heart
             ,
             for
             nothing
             is
             now
             more
             vnwholesome
             ,
             then
             a
             troubled
             spirit
             .
          
           
             Many
             other
             obseruations
             belong
             vnto
             the
             office
             of
             our
             skilful
             Plowman
             or
             Farmar
             ;
             but
             since
             they
             may
             be
             imagined
             too
             curious
             ,
             too
             needlesse
             ,
             or
             too
             tedious
             ,
             I
             wil
             stay
             my
             pen
             with
             these
             already
             rehearsed
             ,
             and
             thinke
             to
             haue
             written
             sufficiently
             touching
             the
             application
             of
             grounds
             and
             office
             of
             the
             Plowman
             .
          
        
         
           FINIS
           .
        
         
      
    
     
       
         Notes, typically marginal, from the original text
         
           Notes for div A06946-e2990
           
             The
             Authors
             Preamble
             .
          
           
             The
             profit
             of
             this
             Worke.
             
          
           
             A
             satisfaction
             for
             the
             truth
             and
             goodnesse
             of
             the
             Worke.
             
          
           
             Nature
             of
             Barren
             Grounds
             .
          
           
             Knowledge
             of
             barren
             Grounds
             .
          
           
             The
             first
             inriching
             of
             barren
             Grounds
             .
          
           
             The
             manner
             of
             plowing
             .
          
           
             Hacking
             of
             Ground
             :
          
           
             Sanding
             of
             Ground
             .
          
           
             Lyming
             of
             Ground
             .
          
           
             Meanuring
             of
             ground
             .
          
           
             Times
             for
             all
             labours
             .
          
           
             Second
             plowing
             .
          
           
             Second
             Hacking
             .
          
           
             First
             Harrowing
             .
          
           
             Of
             fowing
             the
             Seede
             
          
           
             The
             second
             Harrowing
             .
          
           
             Falts
             in
             the
             earth
             .
          
           
             Ofclotting
             grounds
             .
          
           
             An
             other
             manner
             of
             clottting
             .
          
           
             Seuerall
             seedes
             seuerall
             yeares
             .
          
           
             Obiection
             .
          
           
             Answere
             .
          
           
             Ordering
             Earth
             where
             sands
             wanteth
             .
          
           
             Sowing
             of
             Salt.
             
          
           
             The
             excel
             lencie
             of
             salt
             .
          
           
             Of
             ●…ping
             Seede
             in
             brine
             .
          
           
             Destroying
             of
             weedes
             .
          
           
             ●…urning
             of
             Bavte
             .
          
           
             Breaking
             of
             the
             burnt
             earth
             
          
           
             Causes
             of
             of
             vnfruitfulnesse
             .
          
           
             An
             excellent
             meanure
             ..
          
           
             Of
             Plowing
             .
          
           
             Of
             diuers
             meanures
             .
          
           
             Mi●…ture
             of
             m●…nures
             .
          
           
             Of
             weeding
             .
          
           
             Time
             for
             weeding
             .
          
           
             Gathering
             of
             stones
             .
          
           
             What
             Whinnes
             are
             :
          
           
             Paring
             of
             Grounds
             .
          
           
             Making
             of
             Baites
             .
          
           
             Breaking
             of
             Baites
             .
          
           
             Plowing
             .
          
           
             Harrowing
             .
          
           
             Weeding
             .
          
           
             Profits
             .
          
           
             Destroying
             of
             heath
             .
          
           
             Another
             Burning
             of
             Baite
             .
          
           
             Of
             Weeding
             .
          
           
             Plowing
             :
          
           
             Obiection
             .
          
           
             Answere
             .
          
           
             OfMarling
             
          
           
             What
             Marle
             is
             .
          
           
             Of
             Chalke
             and
             thevse
             .
          
           
             The
             Profits
             
          
           
             Of
             destroying
             Braken.
             
          
           
             Of
             Marle
             .
          
           
             Sanding
             and
             lyming
             
          
           
             Plowing
             and
             sowing
             .
          
           
             Labours
             after
             sowing
             .
          
           
             Weeding
             .
          
           
             Destroying
             of
             Twitch
             and
             Bryar
             .
          
           
             Meanures
             
          
           
             Harrowing
             and
             other
             labours
             .
          
           
             Weeding
             .
          
           
             Ground
             for
             Fish-ponds
             .
          
           
             Draining
             of
             wet
             grounds
             
          
           
             Harrowing
             .
          
           
             Weeding
             .
          
           
             Two
             wayes
             to
             inrich
             earths
             .
          
           
             Of
             watring
             grounds
             .
          
           
             Helpes
             in
             the
             watring
             .
          
           
             When
             and
             how
             to
             water
             .
          
           
             The
             best
             season
             for
             watring
             .
          
           
             Grounds
             ill
             for
             Hempe
             or
             Flaxe
             .
          
           
             Blaoke
             clay
             for
             Hempe
             ,
             &c
             ,
          
           
             〈◊〉
             .
          
           
             Making
             of
             ill
             earth
             beare
             hempe
             &c.
             
          
           
             Weeding
             .
          
           
             Stacking
             of
             Graine
             .
          
           
             Crowes
             and
             Birds
             .
          
           
             The
             cure
             .
          
           
             Pygeons
             .
          
           
             The
             cure
             .
          
           
             To
             saue
             Corne
             rea●…
             to
             reape
             .
          
           
             Of
             Pismiers
             
          
           
             The
             cure
             .
          
           
             Of
             Do
             :
             es
             .
          
           
             The
             Care.
             
          
           
             Of
             field
             Rats
             and
             Myce.
             
          
           
             Of
             wormes
             .
          
           
             The
             Cure.
             
          
           
             Of
             Rye
             not
             to
             be
             wet
             .
          
           
             Of
             Snailes
             .
          
           
             The
             cure
             .
          
           
             Of
             Grashop
             pers
             .
          
           
             The
             cure
             .
          
           
             Of
             Moales
             .
          
           
             The
             cure
             .
          
           
             Offences
             from
             the
             influence
             of
             the
             heauens
             .
          
           
             Of
             smutinesse
             and
             mildew
             
          
           
             The
             Cure.
             
          
           
             Of
             haile
             
          
           
             The
             cuee
             .
          
           
             ●…ning
             
          
           
             The
             cure
             .
          
           
             Ofthunder
             .
          
           
             The
             Cure.
             
          
           
             Of
             frosts
             ,
          
           
             The
             cure
             .
          
           
             Mists
             and
             fogs
             .
          
           
             The
             c●…re
             .
          
           
             O●…sting
             .
          
           
             The
             cure
             .
          
           
             Corne
             reapt
             wet
             .
          
           
             The
             cure
             .
          
           
             Of
             w●…ht
             Corne.
             
          
           
             To
             know
             washt
             corne
             .
          
           
             Obiection
             .
          
           
             The
             needfull
             vse
             ofpreseruing
             corne
             .
          
           
             Keeping
             of
             corne
             twofold
             .
          
           
             Keeping
             corne
             in
             the
             eare
             or
             in
             chaffe
             .
          
           
             Keeping
             of
             corne
             out
             of
             the
             eare
             or
             drest
             .
          
           
             Of
             Garners
             .
          
           
             Of
             hutches
             .
          
           
             The
             vse
             of
             Garners
             and
             hutches
             for
             malt
             ,
          
           
             To
             preserue
             wheat
             .
          
           
             To
             preserue
             Rye
             .
          
           
             To
             preserue
             Beanes
             .
          
           
             Preseruing
             of
             Pease
             or
             ●…tches
             .
          
           
             Preseruing
             of
             Lentils
             or
             Lupins
             .
          
           
             Preseruing
             of
             Oates
             .
          
           
             Preseruing
             of
             oatmell
             .
          
           
             Preseruing
             of
             any
             meal
             .
          
           
             Preseruing
             of
             all
             small
             seeds
             .
          
           
             Thevse
             of
             Graine
             ,
             Pulse
             at
             Sea.
             
          
           
             Of
             Rice
             ,
             and
             the
             vs●…
             .
          
           
             Wheate
             and
             the
             vse
             .
          
           
             Of
             Oate-meale
             and
             the
             vse
             .
          
           
             Of
             Barley
             and
             the
             vse
             .
          
           
             Bucke
             or
             the
             vse
             .
          
           
             Of
             Pulse
             and
             first
             of
             Beanes
             ,
             the
             vse
             .
          
           
             The
             French
             Beane
             .
          
           
             The
             Kydney
             Beane
             .
          
           
             Common
             Field
             beanes
             thevse
             .
          
           
             Of
             Pease
             and
             the
             vse
             .
          
           
             Seueral
             sorts
             of
             garden
             Pease
             .
          
           
             Totransport
             Graine
             .
          
           
             Transporting
             graine
             for
             trade
             .
          
           
             Transporting
             graine
             for
             victuall
             .
          
           
             Plowing
             and
             sowing
             .
          
           
             Mowing
             .
          
           
             Reaping
             .
          
           
             Binding
             of
             Barley
             and
             Oates
             .
          
           
             Gathering
             in
             of
             graine
             .
          
           
             Ditching
             .
          
           
             Hedging
             .
          
           
             Plashing
             .
          
           
             Deluing
             ,
          
           
             Thrashing
             ,
          
           
             The
             particular
             expence
             of
             a
             day
             .
          
           
             Particular
             labours
             of
             cattell
             .
          
           
             The
             Carters
             office
             .
          
           
             Of
             cattell
             for
             draught
             .
          
           
             Ianuary
             .
          
           
             February
             .
          
           
             March.
             
          
           
             April
             .
          
           
             May.
             
          
           
             June
             .
          
           
             Iuly
             .
          
           
             August
             .
          
           
             September
             .
          
           
             October
             .
          
           
             Nouember
             .
          
           
             December
             .