A general treatise of the diseases of infants and children collected from the best practical authors by John Pechey ... Pechey, John, 1655-1716. 1697 Approx. 195 KB of XML-encoded text transcribed from 132 1-bit group-IV TIFF page images. Text Creation Partnership, Ann Arbor, MI ; Oxford (UK) : 2007-01 (EEBO-TCP Phase 1). A53914 Wing P1023 ESTC R1273 12575763 ocm 12575763 63566 This keyboarded and encoded edition of the work described above is co-owned by the institutions providing financial support to the Early English Books Online Text Creation Partnership. This Phase I text is available for reuse, according to the terms of Creative Commons 0 1.0 Universal . The text can be copied, modified, distributed and performed, even for commercial purposes, all without asking permission. Early English books online. (EEBO-TCP ; phase 1, no. A53914) Transcribed from: (Early English Books Online ; image set 63566) Images scanned from microfilm: (Early English books, 1641-1700 ; 327:9) A general treatise of the diseases of infants and children collected from the best practical authors by John Pechey ... Pechey, John, 1655-1716. [25], 160, [8] p. Printed for R. Wellington ..., London : 1697. Advertisements: p. [4]-[8] at beginning and p. [1]-[8] at end. Reproduction of original in British Library. Includes index. Beginning-p. 2 and p. 19-22 are tightly bound in filmed copy. Beginning-p. 31 photographed from Royal College of Surgeons Library, London copy, and inserted at the end. Created by converting TCP files to TEI P5 using tcp2tei.xsl, TEI @ Oxford. Re-processed by University of Nebraska-Lincoln and Northwestern, with changes to facilitate morpho-syntactic tagging. Gap elements of known extent have been transformed into placeholder characters or elements to simplify the filling in of gaps by user contributors. 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Copies of the texts have been issued variously as SGML (TCP schema; ASCII text with mnemonic sdata character entities); displayable XML (TCP schema; characters represented either as UTF-8 Unicode or text strings within braces); or lossless XML (TEI P5, characters represented either as UTF-8 Unicode or TEI g elements). Keying and markup guidelines are available at the Text Creation Partnership web site . eng Infants -- Diseases -- Early works to 1800. Pediatrics -- Early works to 1800. 2006-03 TCP Assigned for keying and markup 2006-03 Apex CoVantage Keyed and coded from ProQuest page images 2006-05 Derek Lee Sampled and proofread 2006-05 Derek Lee Text and markup reviewed and edited 2006-09 pfs Batch review (QC) and XML conversion A General TREATISE OF THE DISEASES OF Infants and Children , &c. Books lately printed for , and Sold by R. Wellington at the Lute in St. Paul's Church-Yard . THere is in the Press , and will speedily be Publish'd , a Mathematical Companion ; or the Description and Use of a new sliding Rule , by which many Useful and Necessary Questions in Arithmetick , Military Orders , Interest , Trigonometry , Geometry , Geography , Gauging , Astronomy , Navigation , Fortification , Gunnery , and Dialling , may be Speedily and Exactly Resolv'd , without the help of Pen or Compasses , with an Exact Abridgment of the laws of Excise . By Will. Hunt , ●●ilomath , and Superviser of his Majesties Excise for the County of Kent . The whole Works of that Excellent Practical Physician , Docter Thomas Sydenham . Wherein not only the History and Cures of Acute Diseases are treated of , after a New and Acurate Method , but also the Shortest and Safest Way of Curing most Chronical Diseases ▪ Translated from the Original Latin ▪ by John Pechey of the College of Physicians in London . The Family Physician , or a Collection of Choice , Approv'd and Experienced Remedies , for the Cure of almost all Diseases incident to Humane Bodies , whethe Internal or External ; useful in Families , and very serviceable to Country People ; containing some hundreds of considerable Receipts an Secrets of great Value , with Obsevations of great Cures . Togethe with the true English Wine-Celler an the right Method of making English Wines , or Metheglin : With a Colection of the Choicest and Safest Cosmetick Remedies for preserving the Beauty and Complexion of Ladies : never before Published By George Hartman , Phylo-Chymist , Author of the Preserver and Restorer of Health , who Liv'd and Travel'd with the Honourable Sir Kenelm Dighy in several parts of Europe , the space of Seven Years , till he died . Price 2s . 6d . Reflections on Ancient and Modern Learning , by William Wolton , B. D. Chaplain to the Right Honourable the Earl of Nottingham . Mrs. Behn's Novels Collected in one Vol. viz. Oroonoko , the sair Jilt , or P. Tarquils Agnes de Castro , or the force of Generous Love. Love ▪ s Watch , or the Art of Love. The Ladies Looking-Glass . The Lucky Mistake . And Love-Letters never before Printed . The Rover ; or Banisht Cavaliers ▪ As it was Acted by His Majesty's Servants , at the Theatre in Little ▪ Lincolns-Inn-Fields . Writen by Mrs. Ann Behn . The second Edition . Unnaturàl Brother , a Tragedy ▪ written by Mr. Filmer . Spanish Wives , a Farce , by Mrs. Mary Pix . Ibrahim , a Tragedy , by the same Hand . Poems , on several occasions , by Mr. Robert Gould . A General Treatise of Womens Diseases . A Physical Store-house , containing a General Practise of Physick . A Compleat Herbal of Physical Plants . The last three writ by John Pechey , &c. Old Batchelor , a Comedy , by Mr. Congreve . And all sorts of Plays , Romances , Histories , Novels , and Poetry , are Sold by R. Wellington , at the Lute in St. Paul's Church-Yard . 1697. A Discourse upon the Nature and Faculties of Man , in several Essays ; with some considerations upon the Occurrences of Humane Life . By Tim. Nourse Gent. A General TREATISE OF THE DISEASES OF Infants and Children . Collected from the best PRACTICAL AUTHORS . By JOHN PECHRY of the College of Physicians in London . LONDON : Printed for R. Wellington , at the Lute in St. Pauls-Church-Yard . 1697. THE PREFACE . CHildren , if they are virtuous , are great Blessings , and a publick good . It is therefore the duty of Parents to inure them betimes to a Regular course of Life , nor ought Persons of the best Quality to think the guidance of their Children beneath them . For Cornelia , the Mother of the Gracchi ▪ and Aurelia the Mother of Augustus Caesar , were Governesses to Children ; and Cato , tho' he kept a Tutor in his House , did himself frequently instruct his Son : So did Augustus his Grand-children , and the great Theodosius wou'd often sit by the Tutor ▪ while he was instructing his Son. And certainly it is best and safest for Parents to have their Children under their own Eye and inspection . But above all , the Fathers Example is of greatest force to instruct the Son , and his Actions Authorise the same in the Child , nor can the Father chastize him , for what himself is guilty . But to come to the business in hand , Parents shou'd endeavour as much as in them lies , to provide for the health of their Children . The Father must not enfeeble his body by excessive Drinking or any other Vice , for thereby the Child suffers for the Fathers fault : nor ought such as have hereditary Diseases to Marry . The Mother , during pregnancy , must observe a good Diet suitable to her Temperament , Custom , Condition , and Quality , and the right use of all the six Non-naturals . She must not lace her self so close as she was wont to do , for strait lacing hinders the growth of the Child , and often makes it either Abortive or Mis ▪ shapen . If the Mother can't or will not suckle the Child herself , care must be taken to procure an healthy , strong , and vigorous Nurse , of an Age not under twenty five , nor above thirty five , and her Milk must be throughly purified after her lying in before she gives suck ; her Breasts ought to be pretty Big , Firm , and Fleshy , and her Nipples must be a little raised , and of a moderate Bigness and Firmness , and well perforated with many little holes ; and she must have a sufficient quantity of Milk for the Childs nourishment , and the colour of it must be white , and the smell of it must be sweet and pleasant : she must be merry and cheerfull , and smile often to divert the Child . To conclude , the young Physician must take Notice that great caution must be used in prescribing Opiats and Vomits for Children , for many dreadfull Symptoms have been occasion'd thereby . From the Angel and Crown in Bazing Lane , London , January 2d . 1697. THE INDEX . A. ALmonds inflamed . Page . 86. Apthae , and Bladders in the Gums . ibid. B. Breeding of Teeth . p. 88. Breathing difficult . p. 93. C. Children New-born , their Diet and way of Ordering . p. 1. Convulsions . p. 74. Cattarrh , Cough . p. 93. Costiveness . p. 112. Childrens wasting . p. 158. D. Diseases , and Symptoms of Infants in General . p. 14. E. Ears inflamed , pains , moisture , Vlcers and Worms of them . p. ●3 . F. Fevers of Children . p. 18. Frights in sleep . p. 69. Falling of the Fundament . p. 137. G. Galling of Children . p. 147. Gripes . p. 103. H. Hickops . p. 98. Hydrocephalus . p. 64. I. Inflamation of the Head. ibid. Inflamation of the Belly and Hypochondres . p. 106. L. Loosness . p. 107. Loosening the String of the Tongue and the Ranula under it . p. 91. M. Measles . p. 40. N. Navel sticking out . p. 132. Navel inflamed . p. 135. R. Rickets . p. 148. Ruptures . p. 128. S. Stone in the Bladder . p. 139. Squinting . p 82. Scabs , and Vlcers from Milk. p. 48. Syriasis . p. 66. Small-Pox . p. 27. T. Tinea . p. 54. V. Vomiting . p. 100. Vrine difficult . p. 142. Vrine involuntary . p. 145. OF Childrens Diseases . CHAP. I. Of the Dyet and Ordering of Children New-born . AFter the Navel-string is Cut and bound up , and the Infant is washed , you must inquire about the Constitution of it : 〈…〉 which purpose you must first consider whether the Mother was healthy at the time she was with Child ; for that is a sign of a healthful Child , esecially if the Father be also of a sound onstitution : Afterwards you must ind what is the colour of the new born Infant ; it is best when the colour is reddish all over the Body , for that by degrees turns daily florid : but those Children that are at first Florid or White , are most commonly of an ill temperament , Cold , Dull , and not long lived . The crying of the Child new born , ought to be loud and clear , because it signifies plenty ▪ of Spirits , and a strong breast : But if the Child cries low , it is a sign that the vital strength is small , and the Spirits few , and the Muscles of the Breast weak : You must more over consider whether the magnitude , figure , passages , situaon of all the parts be as they ought ; and therefore the Midwife should handle it gently , and search whether any thing be amiss in any part that it may be rectified as much as may be : Let her often extend and contract the Arms and Legs , and cleanse them from filth , and she must see whether the Eyelids , the Ears , the Nostrils , the Fundament , and Privities are as open as they ought to be , and she must take notice of the Fingers and Toes that they do not stick together . She must put her finger into the Mouth and cleanse it from filth , and see whether the Child be Tongue-tied or not afterwards the Child must be swaithed up , and laid in the Cradle . Galen says that before it is cloathed , the body must be sprinkled all over moderately with Salt , that the skin may be rendered thereby more dense and solid than the inner parts ; for he says , they are all equally soft in the Womb : But it is to be feard that the salt by its biteing quality should occasion itching and other inconvenienceis , and therefore this custom was soon left off , and instead of it they washed new-born Children with Wine , and what Galen says is not agreeable to reason ; for the skin in the Womb has a peculiar Constitution different from the internal parts ; nor is it safer to thicken the skin and to hinder transpiration , as Galen says in another place , much less is the custom of some barbarous people to be imitated , which was also used formerly in Germany , viz. the dipping the warm Infant from the Womb in the next Brook , that thereby it may be rendred more strong and lusty , and to try the strength of their Children , whom they chiefly design for the Wars ; for without doubt none but strong Children would survive such a dipping . Before the Teat be offered to the Child , some Honey or Oyl of Almonds ought to be given it , to carry off from the stomach and bowels some filth Collected in the Womb ; for a certain black and pitchy matter is contracted in the Womb , and ought to be presently evacuated , for if it be not , sits are occasioned , and some think the Child ought to be dieted three whole days with fresh Oyl of Almonds and Sugar , and others Order some other Woman to suckle , the child , till the Mothers milk is pure . The child must be defended from all external injuries , and it must be kept in an Air moderately hot ; and if it be not of a very good constitution , an Air inclining to the contrary must be chosen : But respect must be had to the seasons of the year . The Cradle must be placed where there is not too much light , and so as that the light of the Sun or of a Candle may be seen directly , and great care must be taken that the child be not frightned , and it must never be left alone , left it be injured , by venemous Creatures , or some other external injuries , which they cannot resist , for it is known that Scorpions , Serpents , and such like Creatures have crept into Childrens mouths , or other wise injured them , or Cats by lying upon them have suffocated them . Let th Child lie in a Cradle by it self and not with the Mother or Nurse , till it has its hands and feet at Liberty to help it self , lest , as has been often found , it be suffocated by the Nurse , or by the Bed , and the Cradle should be so made , that it cannot easily be overturned by Rocking . Infants should sleep more then they do wake , that thereby Concoction may be the better perfected , and the spirits invigorated , and therefore if watchings are troublesome , sleep must be endeavoured by Singing , Rocking , and offering the Teat often : but care must be taken that the Stomach be not over burthened with Milk The new born Child must be Bathed once a day ; and moderately rubbed ; for such frictions help Concoction , and the distribution of the nourishment , and serve instead of exercise and motion , which the Infant by reason of its Tenderness cannot undergo , and they strengthen the members and make them firm . After bathing , the Infant must be swathed up , lest it should move its hands and feet too freely , and thereby distort the bones , which are yet very flexible ▪ but after four months the hands and arms may be let loose , but the whole breast and belly must be swathed for a-above a year to comfort the heart , and to defend the parts , and you must be sure to cleanse the Child often , to prevent Itching and Excoriation . And care must be taken that the body be kept open , which may be easily done if the Milk be good , and in a convenient quaintity . But if the Belly be bound , it must be anointed below the Navel with some Oyls , or emollient liniments , or an emollent glister must be injected . Moderate crying Conduces to the evacuating the brain , to dilate and cleanse the Lungs , and excites the Natural heat : but when it is immoderate it is wont to occasion fluxions upon the eyes , Catarrhs , and Ruptures . It does least hurt before sucking , and and when the milk is concocted , but because most commomly Children do not cry without a cause , but are provoked by something that disturbs them , a Prudent Mother or Nurse will endeavour to find out what is the cause ●hat that being removed , the Child may be at quiet : She will see whither the Linnen be foul'd for Children love to be clean , and will not sleep quietly till filthy close are removed from them : the Mother will see whether they are swaithed too hard , or whether they are not pinched by the wrinkling of the Linnen , or pricked by a pin , or whether gripes be the occasion . As to the nourishment it must be fed with milk for some months , and it may suck as often as it will , if it be not subject to a Vometing or loosness and provided the Stomach be not over-charged , and in suckling of a Child you must take notice to offer by turns the right and left breast , especially after it is permitted to use its hands ; for if you do not observe this , it will be accustomed to use one hand . After some months you may feed the Child with Pap. But it is not convenient to give solid meats before they have their Teeth ; for they cannot chew them : But after the Teeth are bred , it is convenient to accustom them by degrees to solid food ; yet notwithstanding you must not deny them milk , bread , pulse boyled , and flesh , first chew'd by the Nurse may be sometimes given them , but hard meats must not be allow'd . In this mixture of aliment we must take care , while milk is in the Stomach that no acid or austere thing be given , which may coagulate or corrupt the milk in the Stomach . When the Limbs of the Infant are strong , and it begins to use its hands and feet you must not too early allow of such motions , much less must you put them upon their feet too soon , as some unskillfull Nurses do , and by that means crook their Legs but when they are able to stand upon their Legs , they must be somewhat sustained by the Leading-strings and afterwards that they may be accustomed to go alone , you must put them into running-Chairs , such as are common in Families , and suffer them to push them along themselves , and by this sort of playing exercise , they will be accustomed to their feet , and learn to go , and to stop themselves : But when they begin to go without help , they must not be left alone , and to prevent all danger it is best to put roll's about their heads . As to bathing , a Child new born ought to be washed every day , but from the third month , to the seventh month till they are weaned twice a week . If the Child be apt to use its left hand , you must bind it up and leave the right free , that by frequent use it may become agile and strong . The Child must not be weaned before it has all its Teeth , for till then it cannot chew solid Meats ; besides , in breeding the Teeth , especially the Dog-Teeth , Children are subject to Fevers ▪ pains of the Gums , and other Symptoms ▪ and it is to be sear d that weaning them encreases their misery . But here can be no certain time set for weaning Children ; for those that are brisk may be sooner weaned , and those that are weak may suck longer , and sometimes Children are to be weaned before they ought , by reason the Nurse or Mother are sick , or have conceived ; and therefore some are weaned in the tenth month , and some in the twelfth , and yet it is most convenient that the Child suck a year and an half , or two years ; and it is proper to diet them with milk a little longer ; for the parts being strengthened by this agreeable aliment , partake of the benefit of it for the whole life . but at what time soever the Child is weaned , unusual meats are not suddenly to be offered to it ; it ought therefore to be accustomed to them by degrees while it does Suck ; for all sudden changes are dangerous , and a Man is offended by good Meats , if he be not accustomed to them ; therefore Pape and Chicken-broath are first to be given , and when they have been weaned a while , Pulse , and flesh of easie digestion and good juice , first chewed by the Mother or the Nurse . It is better so wean a Child in the Spring or Autumn , than in the Summer or Winter , least to the alteration of the body , which is occasioned by the new diet , another proceeding from the heat or cold of the ambient air be added to it , and so the Child be prejudiced : Some Women think , and not without Reason , that it is better to wean a Child at the increase of the Moon , than at the decrease : and because it sometimes happens , that Children cannot be drawn from the Teat by any means , the Papes must be anointed with the juice of Wormwood , or with the following Liniment . Take of Honey two Drams , of Aloes half a Dram , of the juice of Wormwood one dram . But these things must not be used too much , least the Lips and Gums of the Children should be inflam d , or the Stomach hurt : and because sometimes some Children dislike Honey and sweet things , you may anoint the Papes with them , and so cause an aversion : but the best way of weaning them is for the Mother or Nurse to get out of sight ; for if the Children do not see them they will not cry for the Breast . As to the Diet of Children that are wean'd till they come to be seven years old , it ought to be very different from that of the adult ; for Children are yet weak , and their bodies tender , and so cannot easily bear errors in diet : at this age they ought to be fed often , and so much meat ought to be given them , as may not only suffice for their nourishment , but for their growth also , as Hippocrates rightly observes , Children says he , are least able to bear Hunger , and among such those especially that are of a quick Wit. As to the Passions of Mind , we must endeavour that Children be not violently moved with Anger ; or affected with Sorrow , nor Frighted ; for these violent Passions of the mind make great impressions upon the Body , and so occasion the falling Sickness and other Diseases ▪ Iniquity is connatural to Infants , and they are more prone to Evil than to Good , we must not therefore indulge them too much , but from their tender years we must so endeavour to moderate all the Faculties and Affections of their Soules , that they my be obedient to Reason ; for in this Age the foundation of a good Life is to be laid . Do we not see that young Lyons and Bears , when they are young , can be made so tame , as to obey the very nod of the Keepers ; whereas if you let them alone till they are grown up , they will for ever after remain Fierce and Wild , why then should not the mind of a Child be so tamed , as to obey Reason , and to harken to advice : but there are not the appearances of all the affections in the first years ; anger shews it self first by crying and the like ; and therefore you should endeavour to nip this animosity in the bud , and they that will not be reclaimed by admonition , must be disciplined by the rod , that in time to come they may be sit to perform the Offices of a Man : Play must be allowed them to moderate their affections , and indeed this age can scarce do any thing seriously , only you must take care that their play does not injure their bodies ; such exercises must be allowed as are agreable to their years , and they must not be bred up in sloath ; for it being necessary that they should be plentifully sed , as has been said , unless they use exercise , the nourishment will not be well distributed to all the body , and the native heat will be suppressed ; In this Age they must be often washed : They that converse with them must take a special care that nothing blasphemous , scurillous , or immodest be said or done , so as to give an ill example to them : About the sixth year of their age , they should be put to Schoole to a Master , who is to instruct them in all things necessary to a good Life . CHAP. II. Of the Diseases and Symptoms of Infants in General . WHat ever diligence has been used for the right ordering of the Diet of Infants , yet notwithstanding they are often subject to Diseases ; for that blood which was wont to be evacuated every month , and those vitious humours that were wont to be carried off with it , being detained nine whole months in the Womb , it may easily happen that the Child be injured there by , especially all Mothers being not equally healthful , and besides many great errors being committed in Diet , many vitious humours are communicated to the Fetus with the nourishment ; all which , tho not always , disorder Children in the Womb , and sometimes after they are Born , occasion various Diseases and Symptoms ; and sometimes the Child is injured in the Birth , or by the cuting of the Navel-string , or by the change of place ; for when it was in the Womb , it was encompassed with peculiar coverings , flesh , membrans , and humours all warm and soft . The Diseases and Symptoms of Children are many , some common with the adult , which being added by some Authors to Treatises of Childrens Diseases makes them bulky ; and therefore I will here pass them by , and treat only of such as are proper and familiar with them . In the cure of Infants a special regard is to be had to the Methods and Medicines , for Children by reason of the weakness of their bodies , cannot under go severe methods or strong Medicines : They do not well bear bleeding , nor strong Purges , but where purging is required , a Suppository ought to be used , or a Glister must be injected . For instance . Take of the leaves of Violets , and Mallows , each one handful , of the Flowers of Camomile , and Violets , each one pugil : boyl them in a sufficient quantity of fountain water . Take of the strained liquor four or five ounces , according to the age , and add to it of Syrup of Roses solutive , half a ounce , six drams , or an once of oyl of Violets , half an ounce , make a Glister : Take of the Whey of Goats-milk a sufficient quantity , add to it of Syrup of Succory with Rubarb , or of Honey , or of Syrup of Roses solutive six Drams , of Oyl of Violets half an ounce , make a Glister . But if there be occasion for other Purges they are most conveniently given to the Nurse or Mother ; for the purgative quality is imparted by the Milk to the Child ; or lenitive purges may given to Children , respect being had to their age , as Syrup of Roses solutive , Syrup of Succory with Rhubarb , Cassia , Manna , or the like . CHAP. III. Of the Fevers of Children . THE first indication incuring Childrens Fevers is to prepare well the acid , that it may be the easier ejected , but this preparation must not be endeavoured by Sudorificks , properly so call'd , that is such as heat the body , which are by no means to be used for Infants or Children ; but such things as absorbe the acid , and gently restrain the Ebullition , are to be used the chief of these are Crabs-Eyes and Claws , Oyster-shells , Cuttle-bones , Egg-shells , Coral , Coraline , Pearl , Mother of Pearl , both the Bezoarstones , Hearts-horn burnt , burnt Ivory , the Bone of a Stags heart , Shavings of Harts ▪ horn , Bolearmonick , Seald-earth , Blood-stone , and the like , and among compounds , compound powder of Crabs Claws , the Goastone , and confection of Hyacinth . Take of compound powder of Crabs Claws , and of Pearl prepared , each one dram , mingle them , make a powder to be divided into six equal parts . Or , Take simple powder of Crabs-Claws one dram , of Crabs-Eyes prepared two scruples , of Cochinel six grains mix them , make a sine powder to be divided into six Papers ; let one be taken as soon as may be , and another two hours after , and afterwards let one be taken every fourth hour for the first two days , unless the Child be a sleep : but let the Powders be taken in a spoonful of the following Julep , and give a spoonful presently after . Take of the Aqualactis Alexiteria four Ounces , of black Cherry Water , each two Ounces , of compound Peony and Epidemick Water , each two Drams , of pearled Sugar half an Ounce ; mingle them , make a Julep . Or , Take of Sweet Almonds blanched , number ten , beat them in a Morter , and pour upon them gently half a pint of Barly water , or of Aqualactis Alexiteria ; strain it and add six Drams of simple Cinnamon water , half an Ounce of White Sugar ; mingle them make a julep . Sometimes I am wont to use , other things being omitted , a julep that hath much Pearl in it , but I order that the Glass should be well shook , before it be poured out . Take of Black Cherry water , four Ounces , of the Water of all the Citron two Ounces , of Aquamirabilis , and prepared Pearl , each two Drams , of White Sugar half an Ounce ; mingle them , make a Pearl julep , give three spoonfuls at a time . But if the Child be troubled with a Cough , give half a spoonful of some ●ectoral mixture , or Linctus , and let him take less of the Powders above prescribed . Take of the Powder of Coraline , and simple Crabs claws , each one Dram and an half , of the Syrups of Maiden-hair and Marsh-mallows , each one Ounce , balsom of Tolu half an Ounce , of red Popy-water half an Ounce , mingle them . Bolearmonek is often properly mixed with such things to good purpose , it powerfully stops Cattarhs flowing upon the Lungs . The juice of Penny-royal eated , and sweetened with Sugar-cany , is also better than most other remeies . Oyl of Sweet-almonds is very ood , if Children can take it , so is Brim●●one and the Flowers of it . The foresaid Powders are to be repeated seldom , or often , according to the degree of the Symptoms : but it is here to be noted , the Gripes , Restlessness , and Watchings of Children , are as easily apeased by testaceous Powders as Pains nd Watchings by Narcoticks in grown eople . The third day , unless the Small-Pox Meazles , or Scarlet-Fever appear , I order a Child of one year old to be purged in the following manner . Take of Syrup of Succory with Rubarb 〈…〉 Drams , of choice Rubarb powder'd fifteen Grains , or a ●●uple , of Aqualactis ●●●lectiteria one Dram , of small Cinnamon water thirty drops ; mingle them . Or , Take of Sweet-almonds blanched , number three , beat them in a marble Mortar , and pour upon them gently an Ounce or an Ounce and an half of Barly-water : in the strained liquor dissolve three Drams or half an Ounce of the best Manna● mingle them , and make a purging Emulsion . Sometimes I order this or the like Plaister to be applied to the region of Navel , especially if Children are troubled with Worms . Take of Succortrine Aloes , one Dram , of the powder of the leaves of Savin , of the tops of the lesser C●ntaury , and of the Flowers of Camomile , each one Scruple , with a sufficient quantity of Venice Turpentine , make a Plaister ; let the margin of it be spread with the Plaister of Cumin to make it stick the better , and sometimes it may be converient to add to the other ingredients a Scruple of Coloquintida . There is no purging Medicine more ●oper for Children , and more innocent ●an Rubarb , it gently and safely eva●ats the matter occasioning the Fever , ●d gently purges off the Humours , that ●rthen the Stomach and whole Body , ●d it strengthens , wherefore it is very ●oper for Infants , Children big belli● Women , Old Men , and such as have ●en weakned by Diseases . After the Purge hath done working , ●me Powder like the former must be ●ven in the Evening , and afterwards ●ust be repeated three or four times in day at fit times for two days , and on ●e third day purging must be used , ●d it must be dosed according to the ●eration of the former . These things being performed , the ●orst Symptoms most commonlly ●ase . As to Bleeding of Children , tho it ●ay be used , when the Febrile matter is cast upon the Lungs , or for a hooping Cough , yet it is plainly a remedy not agreeable to their nature . A Child about three years and a● half old was seized with a small Fever that was continual , and accompanie● with very irregular Exacerbations , she complained of a great pain in the Head and sometimes in the Belly , she nauseated all meat , and was very sleepy , 〈◊〉 that the standers by thought she would have the Small-Pox : There was a twitching of the Nerves in sleep , and she ha● sometimes a dry Cough . I prescribe● the following things . Take of Aqualactis Ale●iteria six Ounce ▪ of Epidemick-water half an Ounce ▪ 〈◊〉 prepared Pearl one Dram , of the simp● powder of Crabs-claws two Drams , 〈◊〉 Cristaline Sugar half an Ounce ; ming● them , make a julep , whereof let● her tak● three spoonfuls every fourth hour , shaking the glass before useing of it . Take of Succotrine Aloes one Dram , of the tops of the lesser Centaury , of the leaves of Savin ▪ dry'd , each ▪ half a Dram , of Burgundy-pitch one Dram , of Venice-turpentine a sufficient quantity ; make a Plaister to be applyed to the Navel . The next day she persisted in the use of the julep , and a Blistering Plaister was applyed to the Neck : A Glister with Milk , Sugar , and Salt was injected , ●ecause the Belly was bound : At bed●ime she took the following Bolus . Take Aethiops Mineral , and Merourius Dulcis , each fix Grains , of Marmalad● of Quinces , two Scruples , make a Bolus . The next morning she took the fol●owing purging Syrup . Take of Syrup of Buckthorn two Drams , of the Earl of Warwicks Powders six Grains , of choice Rubarb powdered twelve Grains , of tincture of Saffron twen●y drops , of Black-Cherry-water one Dram ; mingle them . On the fourth and fifth day , the fol●owing mixtnre was given by spoon●uls . Take of Coraline two Drams , of the leaves of Mint dryed and powdered , one Scruple , of the simple powder of Crabs claws one Dram , of Balsamick Syrup , and of the Syrup of Marsh-mallows , each one Ounce , of Orange-water half an Ounce ; mingle them . The evening preceding the sixth day , the Bolus before prescribed was repeated , and the morning following the purging Syrup , by the virtue where of the Child vomited up a Worm , and soon after recovered . The Fevers which are occasioned by corrupted Milk are known , for that the Teeth are not come , and there are signs of corrupted Milk , grips , frequent yellow or green stools : Fevers that come from breeding the teeth known by the signs of breeding teeeth : these Fevers most commonly are not dangerous , for the cause being taken away , they cease of themselves ; but if the corruption of the Milk continues long , the Childrens lives are in danger : Those Children , says Hyppocrates , who have an Acute Fever upon breeding the Teeth are seldom troubled with convulsions ; yet they are sometimes destroyed by a Flux of the Belly and Watchings . If the Fever proceed from corrupted milk , you must use cooling and moistening things , because such Fevers generally come from Choler , and therefore such nourishment must be given to the Mother or Nurse , viz. Lettice , Endive Sorrel , an Emulsion of the four greater told Seeds , and a Ptisan of Barley , and the Mother or the Nurse must abstain from Wine , whilst the Childs Fever continues , and the Nurse must be gently purged with Manna , Cassia , or Syrup of Roses Solutive ; and alteratives may be given to the Child , as the Juice ●nd Syrup of Violets , or the Syrup of Sorrel or Citron ; the waters of Succory endive , and Violets sweetened with Sugar , and the Spine must be anointed with an Oyntment made of the mucilages of the Seeds of Quinces and Flea●ane , of Oyl of Violets and a little Wax ; or a Plaister made of Houseleek , Plan●ain , Night-Shade , Rue , Barley-Meal , ●nd the White of an Egg may be applyed to the Stomach ; and it is necessary when the Milk is corrupted , and ●urns to choler , to apply to the Stomach ●ooling and astringent things , that the ●orruption of the Milk may be preven●ed ; and the Concoction helped . Take of the Oyles of Roses and Mastich , each half an Ounce , of red Sanders and Coral , each one Scruple , of Wax a little ; mingle them . But if the Fever proceed from breeding the Teeth , we must endeavour to make the eruption of them easie , but more of this , when we come to speak of breeding Teeth , and the Alteratives mentioned before for the Fever occasioned by corroupted Milk are of use here and do good . CHAP. IV. Of the Small Pox. THere are two sorts of them , the distinct and confluent the distinct begin with a shivering , and coldness , which is presently followed with excessive heat , a violent pain in the Head and Back , Vomiting , a great propensity to Sweat in grown persons : But I have not observed , says Sydenham , any such disposition in Children , either before or after they come out : A pain at the cavity of the Breast , beneath the region of the Heart , if it be pressed with the hand , dullness and sleepiness , especially in Children , and sometimes convulsive fits , and if these happen to them that have all their Teeth , I reckon the Small-Pox are at hand , which , most commonly , coming out a few hours after , sufficiently answer the prognostic●tion : For instance , if the Child has a Convulsive fit in the evening , as it usually happens , the Small-Pox appear the next Morning ; and more over I have very often observed , that when they come immediately after these fits , they rise in large Pustles , and are mild , and favourable , and seldom Flux ▪ It is to be noted that sometimes the course of separation is past over gradually without any sickness , but most commonly , as we said before , the sickness before the eruption is most violent . The distinct Small-Pox usually come out on the fourth day inclusively , and sometimes a little latter , but rarely before , at which time the Symptoms most commonly abate , or totally vanish : The eruption is after this manner , first pimples as big as small pins heads here and there shew themselves , and first of all in the Face , Neck , and Breast , and afterwards in the whole body : At this time the Jaws are afflicted with a pain , that increases as the Pustles rise , which , growing daily bigger and higher , inflame the neighbouring skin and flesh ; for about the eight day , from the first approach of the sickness , the spaces between that before were somewhat white now begin to be red , and swell more or less , according to the number of the Pustles , so that sometimes the eyes are swelled up and the Patient is deprived of sight : Next after the Face , the Hands and Fingers swell more or less , according to the number of th● Pustles ▪ Th● Pustles that were smooth and red to this day , are now grown rough and some what white , which is the first sign of their coming to maturity ; more over they cast out by degrees a certain yellowish matter . On the eleventh day the tumour and inflamation of the Face manifestly diminish , and on the fourteenth or fifteenth day totally vanish . That s●rt of Small-Pox which is called the Flux has the same Symptoms with the distinct , only they are more violent : Moreover a loosness sometimes preceds the erruption , and continues a day or two after it : This sort comes out generally on the third day ; and sometimes so like a Erisppelas or the Measles , that they cannot be easily distinguished : These do not rise so high as the distinct , especially those in the Face : After the eight day they begin to change into a duskish-colour . A Loosness afflicts Children in the Flux-Pox , but does not invade Children so soon , as Spitting does grown people ; But at what time soever it comes , if it be not stopt by art , it continues thro the whole course of the Disease . I have always observed , that when the Disease was violent , the sick had as it were a fit in the Evening , and then the Symptoms raged as it were more cruely . As soon as the signs of this Disease shew themselves , I keep the sick from the open air , and forbid them the use of Wine and Flesh , and allow them Small bear gentlly warmed with a Toast for their ordinary drink , and now and then permit them to drink as much of it as they will. I order them for victuals , Oat-meal and Barley-broths , and roasted Apples , and other things which are neither too hot nor cold , nor hard to be digested , I forthwith prohibit an hot regimen , and the use of all manner of Cordials : On the forth day I commit the sick to his Bed , and then if the Pustles come not out well , some gentle Cordial may be properly prescribed , at lest for once to drive them out . Among the Medicines for this purpose , those they called Paregorick , such as liquid Laudanum , Diascordium and the like , if they be mixed in a small quantity with some proper Cordal waters , excell the rest : when the Pustles first come out , I then carefully consider whether they be of the distinct or confluent kind , because they differ exceedingly one from the other , though they agree as to some symptoms ; if therefore from the bigness and paucity of the Pustles , and the slowness of the coming out , and from the vanishing of sickness and other symptoms , which tire the Patient after the eruption of the Flux-pox , it appears that they are the distinct sort , I take care that the sick be refreshed with Small-beer , Oat-meal and Braley gruel , and the like : and if the Small-Pox be but few , and in Summer time , and that very hot , I see no reason why the Patient should be kept stifled in ●ed , and why he may not rather rise a few hours every day , provided the inconveniences of too much cold or heat may be prevented by the place and cloathing : but if either the cold season of the year , or a large eruption of the Puscles put the Patient under a necessity of keeping his Bed continually , I take care that he lye not hotter , nor has more cloaths on him , than when he was in health , and that he have a fire kindled only in the Morning and Evening , unless it be Winter , nor do I require , that he should be always fixed to one place , least he Sweat , which I confidently affirm cannot be promoted without great danger : when the Disease is going off , it is proper to give some proper Cordial Medicine , and at the same time also a little hotter , and more cordial-diet may be allowed : For instance Sugar-soaps , and Oat-mea●-caudle , and the like ; nor is there any need of any other thing at all in the distinct and gentle sort , if the Patient be treated moderately with this method and diet , unless by chance restlessness or watchings should now or then perswade the use of a Paregorick . But if the Small-Pox flux , the case is very hazardous , for this sort is no less different from the other , than the Plague is from this , tho among the vulgar , who take names and words for things , the cure of both is said to be the same ; for towards the end of the Disease , the sick is in great danger , namely , on the Eleventh day , in the common Flux-pox , on the fourteenth in a worser sort and on the sevententh in the worst sort , and sometimes tho rarely ▪ on the 21st . day , the Fever , the restlessness , and other symptoms invading together , whereby the sick is generally destroyed , unless art relieve him ; wherefore seeing there is so much danger , when they flux , the Physitian should endeavour all he can to hinder their fluxing , by bleeding presently in the Arm , if there be the lest suspicion of the Flux-pox , and by giving a Vomit afterwards , and by keeping the sick up till the sixth day , from the first sickness , afterwards he must be put to Bed , and kept there till the end of the Disease : But he must have no more Cloaths on , nor a greater Fire in his Chamber , than he used to have , when he was well , and he must drink freely of Small beer , or other coolling Liquors . But because notwithstanding the Sick freequently grows hot , light-headed , and restless , I give an Anodyne every night , but a little earlier than is usual ; because in this Disease , a sit of heat and restlessness comes , almost every day , towards the evening . But , which is to be lamented , notwithstanding these , and all other physical helps , the Sick is very often seized on the eleventh day , or on some other of those days , which we said were most fatal , in the various kinds of Flux-pox , with a violently Fever , difficulty of Breathing , and restlessness , and dies suddenly : Therefore in this deplorable case , blood must be taken away , according to the strength and age of the Patient ; from a young man ten or twelve ounces must be taken , and in the evening a large Anodyne must be given , as before , and so afterwards morning and evening , and sometimes oftener : but it is to be diligently noted , that in some the fury of the Disease is so high , that a very large dosed Anodine cannot stop its force in twelve hours ; in which case it is necessary to repeat the Anodyne every sixth or eighth hour . And because it happens often at the lattor end of the Disease , that the Body is bound up so much , that the Sick is like to be suffocated , and consequently is in great danger ; in this case I have given successfully to grown people an ▪ ounce and an half of Lenitive Electuary dissolved in four ounces of Succory water , or the like , which draught generally gives some stools before night : but if it does not , an Anodyne must be given in the evening , and sooner notwithstanding the Purge , if great restlessness , or some considerable sickness threatens danger : if therefore the Purge does not answer the first day ▪ it must be repeated the next , and then it seldom fails : and in this manner Bleeding and Purging may be repeated by intervals , as occasion requires . But it is to be noted , that the sick must not be purged till the thirteenth day , or after , nor then , unless bleeding has gone before . For spitting of blood and bloody Urine coming upon the Small-Pox ( for both these Hemorrhagies come sometimes at the beginning of the Disease ) after Bleeding largely once , give an Anodyne . Take of red Poppy-water two Ounces , liquid Laudanum , 14 drops , of distilled Vinegar three Drams , of Diacodium half an Ounces ; make a draught to be repeated every night at bed time . Note that bleeding must be ordered and prescribed according to the age and condition of the Patient : The like is to be observed in giving Anodyens , and dosing other Medicines . Take of Troches of Lemnian Earth , Blood-stone , Dragons Blood , and red Coral prepared , each half a Dram , of Dragons Blood , and red Coral prepared , each half a Dram , of Mastick , and Gum Arabec● , each one Scruple ; mingle them make a fine powder , whereof let him take half a Dram every third hour , drinking upon it four or five spoonfuls of the following julep . Take of the waters of Plantain , and Oak-buds , each three Ounces , of Cinnamon water hordeated , two Ounces , of Syrup of dryed Roses one Ounce , make it a little accid with Spirit of Vitriol . Emulsions also of the four greater cold Seeds , with white Popies do a great deal of good . After the Hemorrhagy is quite stopt , you must proceed , according to the method prescribed in the Small-Pox . The loosness in Children must be permitted in the Flux-Pox , because it evacuates the morbisick matter . At last when the Pustles are crusty and hard , anoint the face often with Oyl of Sweet-Almonds . Note , if in the distinct Small-Pox , the Face does not swell , you must give an Anodyne presently : But if the Patient be light headed , and very Sick , and makes water often , but little at a time , he can be relieved no other way , death being near at hand , than by giving Narcoticks freely , or by taking away a large quantity of Blood , and exposing the Body to the Air : But I would not be so understood here , as if in every frenzy coming upon the Small-Pox , there being no symptom more frequent , that I should advise bleeding presently , but only in that which therefore happens , because the Face does not swell in the distinct kind , tho there be a great number of Pustles . Note also , for a suppression of Urine , which sometimes a●flicts young and brisk people , nothing does so well as taking the sick out of Bed , and after he has walked twice or thrice cross the room , by the assistance of the by standers , he will presently make water freely , and be much relieved thereby . Note , the symptoms arising from catching cold , or by evacuations unduly used , whereby the Small-Pox are struk in , must be removed by Cordials , and an agreeble Regimen : But they must not be continued after the symptoms are gone off , the chief of these are flatting of the Pustles , and a looseness in the distinct Small-Pox ; for in the Flux a depression of the Pustles is natural , nor is a looseness dangerous in Children : In both these cases , a Cordial Portion made of distilled Waters , Diacordium liquid Laudanum , and the like , is proper , not only to remove these symptoms , but also at any time of the Disease , if the Sick complains of a pain at the Heart , or of Sickness : But to speak the truth , symptoms of this kind are very rare compared with those that owe their original to the other extreme , which is more fatal , tho less blamed . When the Patient is mending , and and the Pustles are falling off , after he has eat meat a few days , namely , about the 21st , or 22d day , I think he ought to be blooded , if the Disease has been violent , and after bleeding , he must be purged three or four times . CHAP. V. Of the Meassels . THis Disease chiefly invads Infants and all those that are together in the same house : it begins with shaking and shivering ▪ and with an inequality of heat and cold , which mutually expel one another the first day : the second day it ends in a perfect Fever with violent Sickness , Drowth , and want of Appetite , the Tongue is white , but not dry ; there is a tickling Cough , with a heaviness of the Head and Eyes accompnied with perpetual drowsiness , and for the most part an humour distils from the Eyes and Nose ; and this effusion of Tears is a certain sign of the approaching Measles , to which this is to be added , no less certain , viz. that tho this disease shews it self most commonly in the Face , after the manner of little swellings in the Skin , yet in the Breast , rather red Spots than swellings are perceived , arising no higher than the superficies of the Skin : The Patient sneezes as if he had taken cold , and the eye-lids swell a little before the eruption ; he vomits , but is oftener troubled with a looseness with greenish stools ; but this chiefly happens to Children , that are breeding their teeth , and they are frowarder in this Disease , than they are commonly wont to be : The symptoms increase till the fourth day , at which time generally ( tho sometimes they are deferred ) little red spots like fleabites begin to come out about the Head , and other parts of the Face and being increased in number and magnitude branch into one another , and so paint the Face with large red spots of various figures , which are occasioned by little red wheals , not far distant one from another , that are elevated a little above the Superficies of the Skin , and their Protuberancies may be perceived by a gentle touch , tho they can scarce be seen : These spots spread themselves by degrees from the Face , which at first they only possessed , to the Breast , Belly , Thighs , and Legs : but they affect the Trunk and Members with redness only , without any sensible inequality of the skin : The symptoms of the Measles do not abate by the eruption , the Cough and Fever increase , with difficulty of breathing , weakness of the Eyes , and the defluxion on them , and the drowsiness , and want of Appetite continue the same as before : On the sixth day , or there about , the skin breaking , and the Pustles drying off , the forehead and Face grow rough ; and at that time the spots in other parts of the body are very large and very red : About the eight day , the spots in the Face vanish , and are scarce perceived in the rest of the body ▪ but on the ninth day , they totally disappear , and as we said , the Measles most commonly vanish on the eighth day ▪ at which time the vulgar , being deceived by reckoning upon the time , the Small-Pox used to last , affirm they are struck in , tho they have really finished their Course , and they think that the symptoms , which come upon their going off , are occasioned by their being struc● in so soon ; for the Fever , and difficulty of breathing are increased at that time , and the Cough is more vexatious , so that the Patient cannot sleep night nor day : Children are chiefly subject to these ill symptoms , which appear now at the going off of the Measles , by reason of two hot a Regimen , ●r hot Medicines , that were used to ●orce them out , and by this means ●hey are cast into a Peripneumonia , which destroys more than the Small-Pox ; and yet the Measles are not at all dangenerous , if they are skillfully managed : Among the rest of the ill symptoms , ● looseness often happens , which either presently succeeds the Disease , or continues many Weeks after it , and all its symptoms are gone off , not without great danger to the Patient ; and sometimes after a very hot Regimen , the Measles are first lived , and afterwards black , ●ut this only happens to grown people , and they are utterly lost , when the blackness first appears , unless they are presently relieved by bleeding and a more temperate Regimen . As the Measles are much of the same nature with the Small-Pox , so is the method of cure much the same , hot Medicines , and a hot Regimen are very dangerous , how frequently soever they are ●sed by ignorant Nurses to drive the Disease from the Heart : The Patient must be kept in his Bed only two or three days after the eruption , that the blood may gently breath cut according to his own genius thro the Pores of the Skin , the inflamed Particles , which offend it ; he must have no more Cloaths nor Fire , than he is wont to have whe● he is well . I forbid all flesh , and allo● Oat-meal and Early-broaths and the like and sometimes a roasted Apple ▪ hi● drink must be either Small-beer , or Milk boyled with treble the quantity of Water . I oftentimes mitigated the Cough which almost continually accompanies this Disease , with a draught of some pectoral decoction , or with a Linct●● fitted for the purpose ; but above all the rest I took care to give Diacodium every night thro the whole course of the Disease . For instance , Take of the Pectoral Decoction , one pi● and an half , of Syrup of Violets , and Maiden-hair , each one Ounce and a● half ; mingle them and make an Apozem , take three or four Ounces three or four times a day . Take of Oyl of Sweet-Almonds , two Ounces , of Syrup of Violets and Maiden-hair , each one Ounce , 〈…〉 a sufficient quantity ; 〈…〉 them and make a 〈◊〉 us , let the Sick 〈◊〉 often of it ▪ especially when his Cough troubles h●m . ●ke of Black-Cherry-water three Ounces , of Diacodium one O●nce ; mingle them for a Draught to be taken every night : But if the Patient be an Infant , the Dose of the Pectorals , and of the Narcotick is to be lessened with respect to the Age. But if by means of two hot Cordials , ●d too hot a Regimen , the Patient be danger of his life , after the Measles off , which is very frequent , by rea● of the violence of the Fever , and fficulty of breathing , and other accints , that use to afflict those , that ●e a Peripneumonia , I have bled the ●allest Infants in the Arm , and have ●en away that quantity of Blood , which ●ir Age and strength indicated with ve● great success , and sometimes when the ●ease has been obstinate , I have not fear● to repeat bleeding ; and truly it is not few Children that have been at the ●nt of Death , by reason of this symp●n , whom by God's blessing I have ●ed by bleeding , nor have I found as ● , any other certain way to vanquish This happens to them , after the ●asles go off , and is so very fatal , that may well be counted the chief Minister of Death , destroying even more th● the Small-Pox : And the loosne● which , as we said , follows the Measles is also cured by bleeding ; for wherea it ows its rise to vapours of inflame● blood rushing in upon the Guts , ( which is also common in a Plurisie , Peripneumonia , and other Diseases , that are occasioned by an Inflamation ) whereby they ar● stimulated to excretion ; it is bleedi● alone that gives relief , by causing a revulsion of these sharp humours , and b● reducing the Blood to a due temper . Nor is there any reason , why any on● should wonder , says Sydenham , that bleed young Children , whereas , fo● what I have hitherto observed , says he● it may be as safely performed on them as on the adult : And truly it is so necessary , that we can neither cure the symptom above mentioned , nor some other that happen to Children withou● it . For instance , by what means can w● deliver those , that are breeding Tee● from Convulsions , which seize them i● the ninth and tenth month , with a swelling and pain of the Gums , whereby th● Nerves are oppressed and inraged , an● from whence also , these Paroxysms arise but by bleeding , which alone is much to 〈◊〉 preferred in this case , before the most ●elebrated specificks whatever , that are ●et known , whereof some do hurt by ●heir adventitious heat , and whilst they are ●hought to Cure the Disease by a certain ●ccult faculty they promote it by their ●anifest heat , and kill the patient , not ●o mention at present , that wonderful ●elief which bleeding gives in the hoop●g Cough , wherein it far surpasses all ●ectoral Medicines whatever . CHAP. VI. Of Scabs and Vlcers from Milk. OF all the particular diseases of the parts of the humane body , that are proper to , and familiar with Children , if we begin with the Head , and so proceed to all parts of the body , these Scabs and Ulcers are first to be considered ; they come at the time when the Child sucks , and perpetually emit a Sanies , or purulent matter . The Scabs are white , but the Ulcers are of another colour : The Scabs are also all over the body as well as in the Face , whereas the Ulcers are chiefly in the Head : But because the causes of them do not much differ , and the method of cure is the same , we will treat of them together in this Chapter : they arise from excrementious humours which are serous , and accid , and they occasion itching : These humours are collected partly in the Womb , and they arise partly from a fault in the Mothers or Nurses milk , and afterwards are cast out by nature upon the habit of the body : It is commonly held that these Ulcers keep Children in health , and not without reason ; for by this means nature expels the vitious humours from the inner parts of the body to the habit of it , and if they vanish , Children are subject to Fevers and other Diseases , and Hippocrates says , that if there be Ulcers in the Head , about the Ears , in the Face , or in any other part of the body , Children will be free from fits . These Scabs generally go off of themselves in time , but if they continue long , ● Tinea is occasioned , and the hairs fall off , and it is to be feared , that these Ulcers may foul the Skull , if the matter be very filthy ; for it has been observed , that the Skull has been so corrupted by these Ulcers , that it has fallen off , and the Meninges have appeared . But when there is no danger to be feared , especially when the Face is not deformed , nor the Eyes hurt , the Ulcers ought to be left to themselves , yea we ought to endeavour that the other matter be expell d , and if the Ulcers vanish , ●nd the Child fall sick upon it , we must give Fumitory , Scabious , Carduus-Benedictus , Harts-horn , or the like to drive the humour out again , and cooling and astringent things , which repel the matter must not be used : But the Nurse in the mean while ought to observe a good Diet , and to abstain from Salt and acid things , and all things that generate ill juries , as ▪ Onions , Garlick , Radish , Pulse , salted Meat , and the like ; and if her body be foul , the vitious humours must be purged off ; for otherwise the Child will be prejudiced , and the Disease increased : but if the ill humours are evacuated , these Ulcers will soon go off ; wherefore these humours should be altered and prepared with Medicines made of Borrage , Bugloss , Fumitory , Succory , Hops , the roots of Polypody , sharp pointed Docks , and afterwards they must be purged off with the leaves of Senna ▪ Epithymum , Rhubarb , Black Hellebore , or with Diacatholicon , tryphera , Per●●ca , or the like ; and afterwards you must give such things as strengthen the Viscera ▪ and attemperate and expel the other humours . As , Take of the Conserves of Borrage , Bugloss , Violets , Fumitory , and Succory , each 〈◊〉 Ounce , of the candid roots of Succory and of the bark of Citron candied , ●cah half an Ounce , of the Sp●cies Diarrhodon , Abatis , Diamargarit frigid : Harts-horn prepared , each one Scruple , with a sufficient quantity of Syrup of Gilliflowers make an Electuary . Or , Take of Harts-horn prepared two Drams , of Magistery of Goral , one Dram , of the Species Diamargarit , Frigid , half a Dram ; make a Powder , whereof give the Nurse daily half a Dram , or a Dram. ●ome of these Medicines ▪ may be also given to the Children , as Syrup of Borrage , Fumitory , Polypody , and Hops , and the Childs Body may be evacuated , respect being had to its age , with Glisters , with Manna , or laxative raisins or the like . But if the Disease continue long , and here is danger that great putrifaction ●ill arise under the Scab , and so foul he Skull , we must use Topicks , and first he head must be washed with a Deoction of Mallows and Barley , or ●ith a Decoction the roots of sharp ●ointed Doke , the leaves of a Mallows , he greater Celandine Wormwood , the Seeds of Fenugreek , Vetches , Lupines , and Beans : If you would have it abstersive , you must boyl the Herbs in Wine , or you may make a Lotion with roots of Marsh-mallows boyled in childs urine alone , or mixed with Barley-water , afterwards anoint the part with the Oyl of Roses , and Bitter-Almonds mixed with a little Lytharge : Or , Take of the Ashes of Myrtles , and Nut-shells , each one Dram , of Tutty one Dram and an half , of old Butter washed in Rose-water one Ounce ; mingle them . Or , Take of the juice Beets , of greater Celendine , each one Ounce , Hogs-lard two Ounces , Sulphur , one Dram , mix them . Or , Take of Lytharge moistened with Oyl of Roses , one Ounce , Ceruss half a Dram , Aloes and Frankencense , each one Dram and an half , Myrrh on Dram , Oyls of Roses and Rue , each a sufficient quantity ; mix them in a Morter . The following is stronger . Take of the powder of Red-roses , of the roots of Briony , Pidgeons-dung , Verdegrease , and Sulphur , each two Drams , Oyls of Junipir , and Wall-flowers , each a sufficient quantity , mix them in a Morter , and anoint the part with it every other day : Or , Take of Cerass and Lytharge , each two Drams , Balaustins , and Agarick , each one Dram , with Oyl of Roses , and a little Vinegar , make an Oyntment : Or having rubbed the affected part with soft Soap , wash it off with a proper decoction . If the Skull be hurt by the Ulcers , the Scab must be first taken off , and mollified with Mallows and Violets boyled in May Butter , or in Lard : Afterwards the Ulcer must be washed and dryed with a Lee made of the ashes of the Vine Beetch , and Ash , ●a little Butter being added to it ; when the Skull appears you must apply Honey of Roses mixed with spirit of Wine ; afterwards you mnst apply the powder of the roots of Birthwort , and Peruvian Balsam , or you may ad Turpentine washed in Tobacco-water . CHAP. VII . Of a Tinea . IF the Ulcers continue long , or are ill cured , they turu to a Tinea , viz. crusty and fetid Ulcers of the Head , corroding the skin : It is properly reckoned amongst the dieases of Children , tho the adult have it too ; for tho grown people are sometimes afflicted with this disease , yet it has its beginning in their Infancy , it is called Tinea from the Moths that spoil Cloaths ; because these Ulcers corrode the skin as Moths do Cloaths : It differs from Scabs , and the Ulcers treated of in the foregoing Chapter , by being dry and crusty , whereas they are moist and have always an humour flowing from them , and they sometimes possess other parts of the body as well as the Head , but this only the Head : The cause of it is a Salt and acid humour degenerating to melancholly , taking its rise from the Mothers blood , wherewith the Child was nourished , or from the ill milk of the Nurse , or Mother ▪ and by progress of time , and the long continuance of the disease , and neglignce , ( for it most commonly befalls poor peoples Children ) it turns to this disease . Moreover it is easily imparted to Infants , when the cap of that which has it , is put upon another infant : This disease is not always the same , for sometimes it is scaly , sometimes viscous . This disease plainly appears to sight and is commonly known , for some crusty and dry Ulcers are seen upon the Head , sometimes they are green , sometimes yellow , and sometimes of an ash-colour , scarce any thing flows out of them , and that which does is very fetid . It is very difficult to cure ; that which is new , and of a yellow colour , and a little moist is easiest cured : But that which is old , ●uite dry , of an ash-colour or black , is very hard to cure : If it seiz a Child in its infancy , it can scarce be cured till the Child come to an age fit to bear the Medicines the Disease requires , and the severity of the Cure ▪ and when it is cured , Hair seldom grows upon the place , especially if the skin be hard and testatious , and does not look red when it is rubbed : but if the skin be soft , and looks red upon rubbing , there is hopes hair may ow again , tho not without difficulty . The indications are the same with o●er Ulcers , namely magnitude lessen ▪ requires Medicines that in●arn , the lution of the continuity requires things ●at conglutinate ; but we cannot satisfie hese indications , unless the corroding humour be taken off , and this must be done by strong cleansing Medicines , that you may go to the root of the disease , and therefore the crust must be first taken off by such things as cleanse and corrode : And because the humours are dry and adust , and the skin is thereby dryed and thickned , moistning things must be also used , to loosen and open the pores of the skin . But because tender Infants cannot bear these Medicines , lest the disease take too deep root , you must in the mean while apply to the ulcers leaves of Cabbage or Beet , greased with Butter or Lard , to mollifie and to make a passage for the matter . Take of the juice of Fumatory , Cabbage , sharp pointed Dock , Elecampane , each one Ounce and an half , of Litharge half an Ounce , with a sufficient quantity of Lard , Oyl of Rue , and Wax , make a foft Oyntment : Or , Take of the shells of green Wallnuts burnt a sufficient quantity , a little Turpentine , and with Oyl of Eggs make a Liniment . But when the Child is arrived at such an age , as to be able to bear strong Medicines , and the severity of the cure , you must first sufficiently evacuate the body with Senna , Rubarb , Agarick , or the like , and then you must take off the crust with things that cleanse strongly : As , Take of Sulphur two Drams , of Mustard half a Dram , Staves-Acre , of the roots of Briony , each one Dram , of the sharpest Vinegar , one Ounce , of Turpentine half an ounce , with a sufficient quantity of Bears fat , make a Liniment . Or , Take Water-Cresses , and beat them , and fry them with Hogslard , and apply them in stead of a Cataplasm to the Head , let it continue on twenty four hours , to make the crust fall off , and if you continue the use of it , it will cure the disease . The scaby crust being taken off , you must pull out the Hairs by the roots ; for the venomous matter sticks most to them , and this may be done by Nippers , or by Medicines that take off the Hair : A pitch Cap is ordinarily used for this purpose , the which they apply either to the whole Head , or only to the part where the Vlcers are ; they keep it on some days , and afterwards pull it off with the Hairs with it . Or , Take of fine Wheaten-flower two ounces , of Rosin half an ounce , boyl them in water to the form of a Pultis , spread it upon strong linnen cloath , and apply it to the S●abs , let it lie on a night and a day , then pull it off . Afterwards emolliment things must be used , which may correct the dry intemperies of the skin , and open the pores , and drive away the Excrements that lie deep in the skin : As , Take of the roots of Marsh-mallow , sharp pointed Docks , and White Lillies , each one ounce , of Mallows Fumitory , and Sage , each two handfulls , boyl them in a Lee , and add to it a little Vinegar , and wash the Head with it every day twice . Afterwards . Take of the roots of Briony , sharp pointed Dock , Elecampane , each one ounce , of t e leaves of Fumitory , greater Celandine , and Scabious , each two handfulls , of the flowers of Camomile and Melilot , each one handful , boy them in Lee , and wash , or foment the head with it twice every day , afterwards with a course Cloath , or with the oyl of Staves-acre , or radish , or with the juice of Onions , rub the Head till it looks red , that the vitious humours that lye deep may be drawn out : Or , Take of live Sulphur , one ounce , of White Hellebore , Staves-arce , each two Drams , of Lard a sufficient quantity ; mingle them ▪ Or , Take of both the Hellebores , Sulphur , Vitriol , quick Lime , Allom , Galls , each half a Dram , of Verdigrease , two ●rams , with a sufficient quantity of liquid Pitch and Wax , make a Cerate : Or , Take of burnt Allom , and Vitriol , on ouncè and an half , of round Birthwort , and Verdegrease , each two Drams of Ship-Pitch one ounce , of Horse Fat , one ounce and an half , of old Butter half a Pound , mix them . Some use Arsenick , Aurepigmentum , Quick-Silver and the like : but because the asslicted part is so near the Brain , some say these things ought not to be used , lest a venemous quality should be imparted to the Brain , and so the Patient should be destroyed ; but Quick-silver is much safer than Arsnick , and therefore being killed with fasting spitle , it may be mixed with the Medicines above mentioned . The Children so affected must forbear Salt and acid Meats , Garlick , Onions , Pease , Cabbage , Pork , and other things that breed ill juice . CHAP. VIII . Of the Lowsie Disease . THO grown people , if they live nastily and wear foul Cloaths , and do not change often their Woolen , as well as their Linnen , are subject to lice , yet this nasty disease is most familier to Children , nor can Gentlemens Children be free from them , for they breed in their Heads : They are occasioned by putrifaction : It is a troublesome and nasty disease , and occasions great itching , and is dangerous , if they possess the whole body ; for some have died of them . Lice forsake people when they are a dying , and run away in Troops ; they being offended with the ill vapours that arise from dying bodies . To prevent Lice , Children must be kept clean , and have an orderly dyet , They must abstain from meats of ill juice , especially Figs : But if Lice are generated , they must be removed by universal remedies , if their be occasion ; but first such external Medicines must be used , as take of the matter that breed Lice , and kill them when they are bred , as Staves-acre , Wormwood , Scordium , Rue , the leaves of Pine , and Cypress , the roots of Elecampane , Long Birthwort , Lupins , the Seeds of Nettles , Black Hellebore , Coloquintida , Sulpher , Bulls-Gall , Soap ▪ Sea-water , of all which Lotions or Liniments may be made . As , Take of long Birthwort and Lupins , of the leaves of Pine and Cypress , each equal parts , boyl them for a Lotion to the Head. Or , Take of the roots of Elecampane two Ounces , of Briony half an Ounce , of Beets , Mercury and Soapwort , each one handfull , of Lupins one Ounce , Nitre , half an Ounce , boyl them for a Lotion for the Head. Or you may make perfumed Washballs for the same pupose . Take of Venice Soap six Ounces , of the powder of Cinnamon , half an Ounce , of Oyl of Aniseeds one Dram , of Musk grains five ; make Balls . After washing the Head , anoint it with such an oyntment as Follows . Take of the powder of Staves-aere three Drams , of meal of Lupins half an ounce , of white Agarick three Drams , of live Sulphur two Drams , of the Gall of an Ox half an ounce , with a sufficient quantity of Oyl of Wormwood , make a Linement . Or , Take of Staves-acre one ounce , of Wormwood and Rue , each half an ounce , of Sulphur , and Nitre , each two Drams , make a powder , and with Oyl of Laurel make an oyntment . The stronger Medicines are white Hellebore , Quick-silver killed with fasting Spitle . Some use Arsnick , but this is dangerous . As , Take of the Seeds of Staves-acre one ounce , white Hellebore three Drams , of Quicksilver killed with fasting Spitle two Drams , with Lard and Oyl of Laurel , make an oyntment . But some think that Quick-si●ver ought not to be used to tender Infants , because it may occasion ill symptoms , besides there are other more gentle Medicines that are sufficient to Cure this Disease . CHAP. IX . Of an Hydrocephalus , and Inflation of the Head. AN Hydrocephalus is a watery Tumor of the whole Head , it sometimes seises grown persons , of which Carolus Piso has two observations ; but it most freequently befalls Infants , their heads being so soft , as that they may be easily extended . Some Children have had this Disease in the Womb , but many have been afflicted with it after the birth . Rhasis says he saw a Child , whose head was so increased in length and breadth , that the body was not able to bear it . Pareus says he saw four such Children , and cured them . If the water be contained within the Skull , it is much more difficult to cure than when without , and is most commonly deadly : The indication is to evacuat the waters , and to dry them up ▪ This may be done by medicines applied to the Head , Ears and Nostrils . Take Snails in their Shells number Thirty , of Marjoram and Mugwort , each one handful , and beat them , and add to them one scruple of Camphor , and half a dram of Saffron with oyl of Camomile make a Cataplasm , and inject the following water into their Nostrils . Take of Nutmegs , Cloves , and Cubebs , each one scruple , of common sweet smelling Flag , and of the bark of Frankincense , each half a Dram , of the water of Marjoram , three ounces , mingle them . Or with the balsom of Marjoram , Cloves , and Nutmegs , Musk , and Ambre the Nostrils may be anointed ; and hot Oyls may be injected into the Ears . But if the water be not carried off in this manner within twenty days , incision must be attempted , and the brain must be opened , and the water extracted , but by degrees , and by turns , lest the Childs strength be too much djected , and care must be taken , that the cold air does not hurt the Brain . Authors make mention of another Tumour in the head , which they call inflation , which is generated by wind contained under the skin of the head , or membranes of the brain , and so it distends the head , and increases the bulk of it ; but wind alone without water can scarce be collected in so great a quantity in this cold part of the body , as to make an inflamation here , but if water be collected here , it is not impossible but some of it may turn to wind ; and if so rarifying and discussing Medicines must be applyed to the head , as Oyls of Rue and Camomile , the Seed of Rue , Anise , and the like . CHAP. X. Of a Siriasis . THis disease is known by a heat in the forepart of the head , and by the cavity in it , by the hollowness of the Eyes , redness of the Face , dryness of the body , want of Appetite , and Sleep ; this disease is dangerous and most commonly deadly , according to the opinion of the women , and they suppose any disease will be so , if this bone , or the membrane subside , and make a hollowness ; and indeed the Children so affected generally dye in three days , and many apply the 50 th Aphorism of the 7 th Section of Hyppocrates to this disease , quibus cerebrum sideratum est , intra tres dies interiunt , si vero hos superaverint , sani fiunt . Because there is a hot intemperies with matter , it indicats refrigeration ; but the humour that flies to the part discussion : But to prevent the flowing of more matter , it is proper to purge , which may be conveniently done by a Glister , or by Syrup of Roses solutive , or by Syrup of Violets . Cooling things may be prepared of the juice of Lettice , Gourds , or Melons , or a fresh Gourd may be cut in slices and applyed : but you must take notice in the use of these things , that they must be applied actually cold , and when they grow hot , they must be renewed : but at the same time care must be taken , that the brain which is but just under , and only covered with skin and membranes , be not hurt by the too great use of cooling things ; therefore it is safest to anoint the part with Oyl of Roses , Or , Take of oyl of Roses half an ounce , Populeon Oyntment , two Drams , the white of one Egg of the emulsion of Poppy seeds made in rose water , two drams , mingle them . When the fluxion is over , and the inflamation is stopt , things that discuss made of Cammomile , Dill and the like must be used : As , Take of Camomile , one ounce and an half , of Dill half an on ounce , the yelk of an Egg ; mingle them . When the fluxion is over , and the inflamation is stopt , things that discuss made of Cammomile , Dill and the like must be used : As , Take of oyl of Camomile , one ounce and an half , oyl of Dill half an ounce , the yelk of one Egg ; mingle them . Take of the tops of Dill , half an handful , of the Flowers of Camomile , one Pugil ; boyl them in water ; add oyl of Camomile one ounce ; mingle them . Or you may apply the waters of Camomile or Dill. The Nurse must observe a good diet , whereby the heat of the Milk may be attemperated ; therefore let her use cooling diet , as a Ptisan of barley , an Emulsion of the greater cold Seeds , Poppy , Lettice , Endive , she must wholly abstain from wine , and strong beer , and she must either drink water , or small-beer : The Child must be kept in a cool air , and the Nurse avoid all great commotions of the body and mind , especially anger . CHAP. XI . Of Frights in Sleep . TO come now to the symptoms of the animal faculty , in the common sense , and imagination two symptoms happen , viz. Frights in sleep , and great watchings : and first as to frights in sleep , they are nothing but sleep disturbed by terrible dreams , according to Hippocrates , parvis & nuper natis puerulis accidunt pavo res inter dormiendum . Tho Aristotle says that Children do not dream before they are four years old : but experience teaches us otherwise ; for it appears plainly , by their laughing and frights in sleep . The cause of frights are impure vapours mingled with the animal Spirits , that disturb them , and represent to the imagination terrible Phantasms : These vapours arise from the Stomach , and are caused by ill concoction , and therefore this disease chiefly happens to such Children , as suck greedily , and more than the Stomach can Concoct , upon which account the milk corrupts , and raises vapours to the brain , that disturb the animal spirits , and it is not absurd to think that these vapours are sent to the head by the veins as well as by the Oesophagus : For as in the Night-Mare , that is generated by a too great quantity of food , affording blood filled with gross wind , thick vapours ascend thro the vessels to the brain , and occasion this disorder ; so if Infants fill their Stomach with too much food , blood also full of gross vapours may be generated , which being elevated to the brain occasion this disease . These frights also happen in Fevers , and in the Small-Pox , and Measles , and they also sometimes come from Worms . This disease is easily known by the standers by ; for the Children groan and shake in their sleep , and cry out of a sudden , and a hot and fetid vapour exhals from their mouth most commonly . This disorder must not be contemned , for it is often the forerunner of sits , wherefore you must endeavour to remedy it in time , by removing the vitious humours from the stomach , that corrupt the meat : In order to which , the Nurse ought to be healthy , and to eat moderately of meats of good juice , and to abstain from all , that yeild an ill nourishment , that the milk which the Infant sucks may be good : The Infant also ought to suck sparingly , that the Stomach be not burthened , nor must the Infant after sucking or feeding be presently laid asleep , but must be kept up a while , that the meat may descend to the bottom of the Stomach , and be the easier concocted , and that the corrupt meat may be removed from the Stomach , or vomited up : Oyl of Sweet-Almonds may be given to the Child , or you may give a spoonful or two of Honey of Roses solutive , to carry off the vitious humours by stool . The cause of the disease being taken off , the Stomach must be strengthened , which may conveniently be done with magistery of Coral , and consection of Hiacinth given in milk , and you may anoint the Stomach with the Oyls of Wormwood , Mint , Mastick , or Nutmegs : And before sleep it is good to give the Child a Lozenge of Diamosch dissolved in Milk : If this symptom proceed from a Fever , you must take care of that , if from Worms proper remedies must be used . Some in this case use Amulets , as Coral , or the tooth of a Wolf hung about the neck . CHAP. XII . Of Watchings . ALL the while the Child is in the Womb , it is almost perpetually asleep , and for some times after it is born , if it be well , it is always almost asleep , for the brain is yet very moist , and abounds with a great deal of humedity , therefore when it watches much , and cannot be brought to rest , either by rocking , singing , or giving the breast , nor by any other way , it is to be reckoned of a sickly constitution . This Disease is very dangerous , and especially to children , because it is so contrary to the nature of them , and occasions , Convulsions , Fevers , and Catarrhs , and other Diseases . If those acid Vapours that disturb sleep , and occasion watchings proceed from the corruption and fault of the milk , care must be taken for a Remedy . If a Fever , or some pain be the cause , it must be removed and the child must be cleansed , but Medicines that provoke sleep are not so safely used in Children , as in grown-persons . Some Nurses indeed are wont to give Infants at bed time Sy●up of Poppies , or the like , but this is very injurious to them ; but if there be occasion , the Nurse ought rather to take things that cause sleep moderately , as sweet Almonds , Lettice , the seeds of white Poppie ▪ and the like . As to externals , the feet may be washed with a Decoction of the tops of Dill , of the flowers of Camomile , and the heads of Poppies , and it is very good to anoint the soles of the feet with the marrow of Stag's bones , but strong Narcoticks must not be applyed to the head ; for the moist and weak brains of Infants will be thereby offended . It is safest to use fresh oyl of Dill for anointing the Temples , or you may anoint them with the oyl of Roses mixed with a little oyl of Nutmegs , or you may apply a Cataplasm made of the seeds of white Poppies , a little Saffron , and Womans milk , and the ●ostrils may be anointed with a little ●yl of Violets ; if the brain be dry , a ●ag dipt in Violet , or Lettice water , and pressed out , may be applyed to the head . CHAP. XIII . Of Childrens Convulsions . CHildrens Convulsions are so frequent that they are almost the only species of Convulsions ; they are chiefly subject to them in the first● months , and at the time they breed their Teeth , but they also happen at other times , and proceed from other causes , in such as are disposed to them . Sometimes they do not come presently after the Birth , but lie hid until the breeding of Teeth , or not till a great while after , and take their rise from other evident causes , as from an unhealthy , or big bellied Nurse , from milk coagulated , or corrupted in the Stomach , from a Feverish disposition , from Ulcers or Scabs in the head , or other parts , suddenly disappearing , from changes of the air , or from the conjunction , or opposite aspects of the Sun and Moon . We must endeavour to prevent these Convulsions in Children and Infants , o● to cure them , when they are come ; for if the former Children of the same Parents have been subject to Convulsive Fits , this Disease ought to be prevented by the early use of Remedies , in such as are born after . To this end it is customary to give to new-born Babes , as soon as they begin to breath , some Medicine proper for Convulsions , as some drops of pure honey , a Spoonful of Canary Wine , sweetned with Sugar , oyl of swee● Almonds fresh drawn , a drop of oyl of Ambre , or half a Spoonful of Epileptick water ; besides these things used at first , which certainly do good , some other Remedies ought to be administred . For instance , give a Spoonful twice a day of the following Liquor . Take of the waters of Black Cherries and Rue , each one ounce and an half , of Langiuses , Epileptick water , one ounce , of Syrup of Coral , six drams , of prepared Pearl fifteen grains ; mingle them in the Vi●l . The third or fourth day after the Birth , make an Issue in the neck , and if the countenance be florid , evacuate by bleeding an ounce and an half , or two ounces of blood from the ingular Vein : But take care that too much blood do not flow out in sleep . Rub gently the Temples with the following Linement . Take of oyl of Nutmegs by expression , two drams , of balsam of Copiaba , three drams , of Ambar one scruple ; mix them . Hang round the neck the roots , and seeds of male Peony , and Elks-hoof sewed up in a rag . Moreover Medicines proper for Convulsions must be given daily to the Nurse . Let her take morning and evening a draught of Whey , wherein the roots of male Peony , or the seeds of sweet Fennel have been boyled . Take of the Conserves of the flowers of Bettony , Male Peony , and Rosemary flowers each two ounces ; of the roots and flowers of Male Peony , each two drams ; of red Coral prepared , and white Ambar , each one dram ; of the the roots of Angelica , and Zedoary prepared , each half a dram , with a suffient quantity of Syrup of Peony . Make an electuary ; let the Nurse take the quantity of a Nutmeg of it morning and evening , and be very orderly in her diet . But if the Infant be actually seized with Convulsions , you must apply a Blister to the neck , or behind the ears , and if the Infant be of a hot Constitution , Leaches must be applyed to the jugular Veins , and Linements must be used to the temples , nostrils and neck , and to the soles of the feet , and glisters , which empty the belly plentifully , must be injected , and every sixth or eighth hour , specifick Remedies must be given . Take of oyl of Copaiba , and Castor , each two drams , of oyl of Ambar , half a dram ; make a Liniment . Apply to the soles of the feet the P●●ist●r with Euphorbium spread on Leather . Take of prepared Pearle , of the Powder de Guttita , each one dram , mingle them for twelve Papers , whereof let the Child take one morning and evening in a Spoonfull of the following julep , drinking after it one or two Spoonfulls . Take of the waters of black Cherries , and of Lilly of the Vallies , each two ounces ; of Fennel water and Compound Peony water , each two drams ; of Syrup of red Poppies six drams . Take of the powder of the seeds of Rue , of Castor , and Asasetida each a sufficient quantity , mingle them , and tye it up in a rag sprinkled with Vinegar , and put it often to the nostrils . Vnzerus Commends much the gall of a sucking kitling , all the juice being taken out out of the bladder , and mixed with a little water of Lime-flowers and given to the Child ; and an excellent Physician says , that he knew several Children cured with this Remedy . When by reason of breeding Teeth difficultly Convulsions happen , this symptom is secondary , and less dangerous , and therefore does not require the first and chief work of healing ; in this case we are more solicitous to ease the pain , and to take off the Fever ; and therefore we order a thin cooling diet , and the eruption of the Teeth is to be endeavoured , either by rubbing , or cutting the Gums , and things that are annodyne are to be applyed to the swelld and pained parts , and blisters and bleeding are to be used ▪ often , and we ought to procure sleep , and to qualifie the fury of the blood : But in the mean time temperate Medicines for Convulsions , and such as do the least stir the humours are to be used , and blisters often do also give relief . But Children are sometimes seized with Convulsions , from other occasions and accidents ; the cause most commonly of such , is either in the head or in the bowells ; when the former is suspected , as is wont to be known by the signs , which shew watery humours heapt up in the brain , the Medicines above-mentioned must be used . Moreover for those who bear purging well , a vomit , or gentle purge must be prescribed , Wine and Oxymel of Squills , also Mercurius Dulcis Rhubarb , and Rosin of Jalap are of good use . When the cause of the Convulsions seems to be lodged in the bowels , or where Worms or sharp humours in the belly are the cause ; for Worms , a purge of Rhubarb or of Mercurius dulcis with the rosin of Jalap , must be given , and the following Medicines are also of use . Take of the roots of Virginia Snake-weed powdered , one dram ; of Coral calcined till it is white , half a dram ; make a powder . The dose is half a scruple , or a scruple twice a day for three days following , drinking upon it the d●●oction of the roots of grass . Take of Hiera Piera , and of Venice Treacle , eachone dram ; make a plaister for the 〈◊〉 If the Convulsions are thought to proceed from sharp humours , disturbing the bowels and stomach , purging upward or downward is to be ordered by turns ; to this end a gentle vomit of Wine of Squills , or falt of vitriol is to be given , if the Child is inclined to vomiting of its own accord . Take of Syrup of Peony three ounces ; Salt of vitriol two scruples , of Compound Lavender-water one dram . Mingle them , give a Spoonfull three or four times in an hour , till the Child has once vomited , or went to stool once . But if evacation downward seem most proper , give the infusion of Rhubarb , or the powder of it , or Syrup of Succory with Rhubarb , or Syrup of roses with Agarick ; and with these remedies , seasonably used , Convulsion fits have been often cured in Children ; and moreover Glisters are to be used frequently , and external Medicines , namely Fomentations Linements , or Emplasters must be applyed to the belly . Take of the leaves of Camomile cut small , two handfulls , put them into two bags made of fine Cloath , or of Silk , which being dipt in hot milk , and pressed out , are to be applyed successively to the Belly . CHAP. XIV . Of Squinting . SQuinting belongs to animal Actions hurt , wherewith new born babes are seized . This Disease is either natural , by reason of an ill conformation of the eye , or is co tracted by custom , the Infant turning its eye often in the Cradle to a Candle , or the light ill placed , or it is occasioned by a Disease , when after , frequent sits , the muscles of the eyes are distorted . If it be from the very birth , it is hardly cured , or when it proceeds from sits ; but if it arise from an ill custom , it may be cured , if it be taken in time ; but when it is let alone a long while , it is in a manner incurable . It is cured by placing a Candle opposite to the part , whereunto the Eye is preternaturally inclined , or fine Pictures or the like may be offered to the sight in the same manner , and by constant and daily use , the eye may be reduced to a right position , or a mask may be so made that the sight may be directed right . CHAP. XV. Of the Pain , Inflamation , Moisture , Vlcers and Worms of the Ears . AMongst Childrens Diseases , Hippocrates reckons the moisture of the ears ; for the brain of Children being very moist , part of the humidity is sometimes evacuated by the ears : And this is seldom done without an inflamation ; for most Commonly , if superfluous humours flow plentifully to the ears , an inflamation is occasioned , and pain arises from thence , and when it is not discussed by reason of the moisture of Childrens bodies , but turned to matter , afterwards blood , matter and senies flow , out , and sometimes Worms are bred in the ear . These D●seases are not to be neglected , for the pain which is most commonly joined with them , may kill a grown person in seven days , sayes Hippocrates , and much easier a Child , or may occasion fits , or great watchings ; besides because Childrens ears are very moist , Worms are are apt to be generated in them , and sometimes by a continual flux of humours , and by foul Ulcers , the bones of the ear are at length corrupted , and if the Ulcer is not cured in time an incurable deafness arises , and therefore the cure must be begun early . And first , if the pain be very violent , care must be taken to quiet it ; but Childrens bodies cannot bear strong Medicines , it is sufficient for them , that their ears be fomented with warm milk , with oyl of Roses , or Violets , or with a decoction of poppy heads , or you may put into the ear the white of an Egg with a little Saffron . And to cleanse the care from moisture it is good to use honey of Roses , or water of honey which must be put into the ear with a tent ; and if these things are not sufficient , Allom diluted with Wine must be put into the ear with a little soft wool it ; is also good to put into the ear with soft wool the roots of Orris , Myrrh , and Saffron , Nitre , Allom , and Saffron mixed with Wine and Honey . Or , Take of Virgin-honey half an ounce , of red Wine two ounces , of Allom , Saffron and Nitre , each one scruple . Or the fresh oyl of Hempseeds mixed with a little Wine , may be dropt into the ear . CHAP. XVI . Of Aphthae , Bladders of the Gums , and and an instamation of the Almonds . ULcers arise often in the mouths of Children , which are called Aphthae ; they are occasioned by ill milk , or by corruption of the stomach ; for the internal parts of the mouths of Children being very soft and tender , and unaccustomed to meat in the Womb , if the milk be sharp or any otherwise faulty , their mouths are soon Ulcerated , or if acid vapours arise from corrupted milk in the stomach , their mouths may be easily Ulcerated this way ; for the tunick of the Jaws is common to the Osophagus , and so the faults of the stomach are easily communicated to the jaws . The bladders of the Gums are much the same with the Aphthae , and are also occasioned by corrupted milk , and the cure is the same . Take of Lentils excorticated , what quantity you please , powder thém , and chew them , and apply them to the Gums . Or , Take of the flower of Millium , half an ounce , of Rose water , and Omphacine oyl , each a sufficient quantity ; make a Linement . Hippocrates reckons an inflamation of the Almonds amongst Childrens distempers , they are most subject to it from the eleventh year of their age to the thirteenth . As to the cure , you must endeavour to keep the belly open , if there be occasion , you must give a Glister , and in the beginning repellents must be used , afterwards resolvents must be used with them at length resolvents only in a manner . The part affected must be anointed with honey of Roses , Syrup of dry'd Roses , Syrups of Myrtills , Pomgranats , or Diamoron , according as the state of the Disease requires ; and the neck must be anointed with the oyls of Almonds , Camomile , or St. Johns wort . In some cases it is necessary to apply a blister to the poll . CHAP. XVII . Of breeding Teeth . AMongst all the Diseases and Symptoms which are wont to happen to Children , breeding of the Teeth is the most proper ; for tho' many other Diseases are familiar to Children , yet there are very few , that are unavoidable , excepting the breeding of the Teeth . Altho' the breeding of Teeth be Natures work , yet by reason of the Diseases and various Symptoms , which easily accompany it , it is reckoned amongst Childrens Diseases . As soon as Children are born , they have Teeth , but they lie in the gums : Yet some Children have been born with Teeth , appearing as Pliny relates in his natural History of Marcus Curius , who was therefore called Dentatus . But the Teeth most commonly do not come forth till the seventh Month ; first those that are called Incisores , afterwards the Dog Teeth , and at length the Grinders . There are many preternatural disorders , that arise from the solution of continuity . Frst a great itching is perceived in the Gu ns , afterwards pricking as it were of needles , and this occasions great pain ▪ wachings , inflamations of the Gums , Fevers , Loosness , Convulsions , and these commonly happen upon the coming forth of the Dog Teeth , commonly called the Eye Teeth , and therefore it is commonly said , that Parents should not reckon much upon their Childrens lives , till the Eye teeth are come forth . The first Teeth fall away about the seventh year , and new ones come in their room , without pain , because the Gums were perforated before . Tho' Children cannot tell the pain they suffer in breeding Teeth , yet it may be known , first by the time they use to come out in , which is about the seventh month ; and then because Children frequently put their fingers in their months to asswage the pain ; thirdly , because the Mother or the Nurses perceive they squeeze the nipple harder than they used to do ; fourthly , the Gums are white in the place where the Teeth endeavour to come out , and sometimes at length various ill Symptoms arise , as pains , watchings , Loosness , Fevers , and Convulsions . As to the progn●sticks , breeding of Teeth is often very dangerous , and many Children dye of the Diseases and Symptoms that are occasioned thereby . Those Children that have a Loosness in breeding of Teeth , are least subject to Convulsions , and when an acute Fever happens , it most commonly prevents Convulsions , because the matter occasioning Convulsions is carried off by the Fever . Children breed their Teeth best in winter . As to the cure , we must endeavour to ●oo●en and mollifie the Gums , that the Teeth may come out the easier , and we ought to use cooling t●ings to ease the pain and inflamation : But they must be mixed with Emollients ; therefore rub the Gums with the finger dipt in honey , or with honey mixt with butter ; or let the child bite a Candle made of Virgin Wax , or anoint the Gums with a mucilage of Quince-seed made in Mallow water , or rub the Gums with the brains of a Hare . Foment the Jaws without with a decoction of Marsh mallow flowers of Camomile , and Dill , or with the mucilage of the seeds of Quinces , and Marsh mallows mixed with the yolk of an Egg , if the Gums are inflamed , the juice of Night-shade or of Lettice must be added to the former things . The Nurse must observe a good diet , rather cooling than hot , she must use Oatmeal and barley broaths , porched Eggs , Prunes , Indive , Lettice , and the like ; she must abstain from salt and acid meats , and from Wine . CHAP. XVIII . Of loosening the String of the Tongue , and of the Ranula under the Tongue . IT happens often in Infants , that the Tongue is bound so strait by the string , that it cannot well or freely move and sometimes in the place where the bridle of the Tongue is , a soft and white swelling appears , which they call Ranula . The binding of the Tongue is most conveniently removed by Surgery ; for tho' Midwifes often break the string as soon as the Child is born , or cut it with a groat , yet they often err in the operation , and do it many times when there is no occasion , therefore it is much safer to use a skillful Surgeon ; afterwards apply the following Linement . Take of barley meal half an ounce , mingle it with a sufficient quantity of Clarified honey , and over a gentle fire let all the humidity exhale , that it may be reduced to a powder , and with honey of Roses make a Linement . As to the Ranula under the Tongue ; there are large and conspicuous Veins under the Tongue , which are sometimes filled with ill blood ; therefore if a flegm●tick humour be gathered here , and sweats out thence , and sticks there within the passage of the flesh , a tumour is occasioned by it and the blood like a Fungus generated upon a Tree ; and if it continue long and increase , it hinders the speech ; and therefore ought to be timely remedied ; wherefore the tumour is to be removed by the application of Salt and Frankincense mixed , or with powder of Sage mixed with honey of Roses and a drop or two of spirit of Vitriol . Or , Take of Cuttle bone , Sal Gemma and Pepper , each one dram ; of burnt spunge three drams ; make a powder , wherewith rub the tumour or with the foregoing powder and honey make a Linement , and anoint the tumour with it , and apply under the chin a Plaister made with equal parts of Goose-dung and honey boyled in Wine to the consumption of the Wine . CHAP. XIX . Of a Catarrh , Cough , and Difficulty of breaking . CAtarrhs arise in Children from their natural constitution , and moist temper of their brains , whereby many excrements are heapt up there ; for too great a quantity of milk burdening the stomach sends vapours to the head and sill the brain , and Children being unaccustomed in the Womb too cold , the extream coldness of the air , or too much heat , or much Cloaths upon their heads , pour the matter upon the Nostrils Jaws , or Lungs , and if the excrementitious humours cannot be evacuated by the Nostrils they fall upon the Aspera Arteria , and cause a Cough ; but if they fall upon the Bronchia of the Lungs , they cause difficulty of breathing . These Symptoms are easily discovered , but whether the humour be cold or hot , may be known in the following manner : if the humour be hot , the Catarrh is thin , the Children often sneeze , the face is florid , and the jaws look red , and a hot vapour exhales from their mouths , and the Nurses perceive it when the Children suck . If the humour be cold ▪ it is thick , and the Children do not sneeze , nor is there any redness in the face or jaws nor heat in their mouth . But whether the difficulty of breathing arise from matter coming from the head or from phlcgmatick blood , may be known as follows : If it come from the head , there is a Catarrh , and also a Cough , and in breathing a noise is perceived , the air not passing freely through the obstructed Bronchia : But if it be occasioned by a phlegmatick humour arising from the hypochonders , there is no Catarrh nor Cough , and the hypochonders appear inflated and tumid . Catarrhs , Coughs , and difficulty of breathing are not to be neglected in Children ; for Coughs do not only occasion Watchings , and frequent Vomitings but also ruptures ; and Catarrhs occasion suffocations , and sometimes kill . They are not easily cured , because children cannot bear all sorts of Remedies , and besides they do not know how to spit up the matter . We must principally endeavour , that the intempers which occasions the matter be rectified , and the fluxion of the humour to the breast hindered . But because children cannot take or bear many Medicines , and nature it , self without the help of Medicines , does most commonly concoct the cause of the Catarrh , and so stop it , if a good diet be observed ; therefore great care must be taken that neither the Child or Nurse commit any errour in diet ; wherefore the Infants stomach must not be filled with milk , or any other meat , and the nurse must abstain from Acid Salt , and acid things and all other things which send many vapours to the head , and it is useful to give a Pectoral decoction to the nurse . Take of figs and jujubs , each number ten , Sebestins number thirty , raisins stoned , ten drams , Liquorish two drams , Maiden Hair , Hyssop and Violets , each half an ounce ; boyl them in three pints of Fountain water to the Comsumption of a third part . Care must be taken to keep the belly loose with honey , Syrup of Roses , Solutive , Cassia , Manna , or with Glisters ▪ it is al● convenient to give a Spoonful of oyl of sweet Almonds fresh drawn , and mixed with Sugar Candy ; for it loosens the belly , and eases the cough : or vomiting may be provoked by putting a finger in the childs mouth : But you must take a special care to keep the belly loose if difficulty of breathing arise from an repletion of the stomach , or Hypochondres , then it is also proper to give flax-seed with honey , and a little cummin-seed ; afterwards give the juice of Fennel with milk or Syrup of Jujubes and Maiden-Hair , and if the matter be thick , Syrup of Hyssop , or an emulsion of sweet Almonds and Pine Nuts made in Scabious water : or some other convenient water , and sweetened with Sugar Candy ; or a Linctus may be made of the species Diaireos , or Diatragacanth : Frigid , Penidiat Sugar , and with Syrup of Jujubes , or with honey , oyl of sweet Almonds , and the juice of Liquorish and Fennel . But if the Catarrh be hot , an emulsion of the four greater cold seeds may be prepared in Mallow-water , and the species of Diatragacanth frigid , may be added to it ; and to dry up the Matter of the Catarrh , hot linnen stups sprinkled with red Roses and Frankincense may be applied outwardly , and the Childrens feet may be washed with Beer , wherein Cephalick Herbs have been boiled ; afterwards anoint the soles of the Feet with Deers-suet , or the O●l of Laurel . And because the Catarrh sometimes falls upon the Jaws and Aspera Arteria , because the Nostrils are stopt , anoint them with Butter , or with the Oil of Bitter , or sweet Almonds often in a day . Or , Take of the Juice of Beets and Majoram , , each two drams , of Chickweed half an ounce , of Oyl of sweet Almonds one ounce , mingle them , and anoint the Nostrils therewith . Or , put up the Nostrils Butter to the bigness of a Pea ; or you may apply Marjoram to the Nostrils , that sneezing may be provoked , to evacuate through the Nostrils the matter which flows upon the Aspera Arteria . To conclude , some anoint the Breast with Butter , Hens-fat , or Oyl of Camomile , and Oyl of Almonds , to render Respiration more easie . Chap. XX. Of the Hickops . THe Hickops happen to Children , by reason of the coruption of Meat in the Stomach , or by the repletion of the stomach with Milk , or because of the refrigeration of the stomach by external Air , whereby the expulsive faculty of the stomach is so much offended , and irritated to expel that which troubles it . The Hickops , for the most part , are not dangerous in Children ; but if the câuse of it be so great , as to be communicated to the rest of the Nerves , and to occasion other Convulsions , it is most commonly deâdly . If the Hickops be occasioned by a corruption of the Meat , it ought to be cast up by Vomitting , to which end , put your Finger in the Childs mouth , or a feather dipt in Oyl : afterwards strengthen the stomach with things that heat , and lessen the Childs diet . If the Hickops are occasioned by a corruption , and fault of the Milk , it must be amended with proper Remedies , and the corrupted Milk must be carried off from the Childs stomach , with syrup , or Honey of Roses solutive ; and afterwards Conserve of Red Roses , with Powder of Coral , and Bole-armonick must be given ▪ If the Hickops âre occasioned by Refrigeration , the stomach must be heated by external and internal Medicines , give the Infant syrup ôf Mint , or of Bettony ; foment the stomâch with a decoction of the Leaves of Mint and Wormwood , and with the Roots of Cyperus , and afterwards anoint with Oyl of Mint , Mastich , or Dill ; or apply a Cataplasm made of Mint and the seeds of Dill beaten up with Oyl of Mastich , or Mastich and Frankincense mixed wi●● the White of an Egg , may be applied to the Orifice of the stomach . Or , Take of Mastich one ounc● , of Frankincense , and the seeds of Dill , each two drams , of Cummin-seed one dram ; powder them ; and mix them with the Juice of Mint ; apply a lenient stup dipt in it to the Stomach . Chap. XXI . Of Vomiting . THis is occasioned in Infants most commonly by sucking too greedily , or by reason of Worms : it may also proceed from flegm in the stomach , and sometimes from a weakness of it . If Vomiting proceed from too great a quantity of Milk , the Nurse may soon know it , and the Child is at ease presently after vomiting : if it be occasioned from the corruption of the Milk , it may be known by what is brought up and it is either yellow , green , or some other vitious colour , and it smells ill . Worms may be known by their proper signs . Vomiting in Children , is most commonly not dangerous , and Women commonly say , that those Children are longest lived , who Vomit sometimes from the very Birth ; and this opinion is not irrational ; far Infants having collected some vitious Humours in the Womb , that lie in their stomachs , which is moreover laxed , humid , and weak , they easily generate crudities , by sucking too much , and so the Milk is corrupted ; therefore if the vitious humours collected in the stomach , are ejected by vomiting , it is much better , and more for their health , than if these humours were retained , and distributed to the innermost parts of the Body . If Vomiting proceed from a great quantity of Milk , there is little danger ; for most commonly the Children are better âfter it : but if it proceed from corruption of the Milk , it is ill ; for many other symptoms are apt to accompany it . If it ▪ continue long , it is dangerous ; for it causes a Consumption , and often kills . If that which is rejected be white and s●egmatick , it is better than that which is of a safron , green , or blackish colour . If the Vomiting proceed from a great quantity of Milk , the Child must not suck often , nor never fill the stomach . If the Vomiting proceed from a corruption of the Milk , it must be rectified by proper Remedies , and that which is corupted , must be carried off with Syrup , or Honey of Roses solutive ; and to strengthen the Childs stomach , you must give Syrup of Mint , or Syrup of Quinces . Or , Take of the Wood of Aloes , Mastich , Coral , each half a dram ; of Galingal , half a scruple ; mix them with the Syrup of Quinces , or the powder of them may be taken in the Nurse or Mother's Milk. If the Humour be acid and hot , give Syrup of Pomegranates or Syrup of Coral : apply to the stomach the Stomach Cerate , or a Toast dipt in Malago Wine . Or , Take of the Oyls of Mastich , Quinces , Mint , Wormwood , each half an ounce ; of Oyl of Nutmegs by expression , half a dram ; of Powder of Cloves , one scruple . Or , Take of Red-Roses , half an handful ; of Mint one pugil ; of the Roots ef Cyperus , and of Myrtle-berries , e●ch two drams ; boyl them in Red-wine , dip a Spung in the Wine , and apply it to the stomach . Or , Take a White-bread-Toast , moistened with Vinegar , three Yolks of Eggs boiled till they are hard ; and of Mastich , Frankincense and Gum-Arabick , each a sufficient quantity , with the juice of Mint , make a Plaister . Or , Take of Mastich , Frankincense , Red Roses , each two drams ; Cloves one scruple , with the Juice or Water of Mint , make a Cataplasm . If the Milk be hot , anoint the Stomach with the Oils of Roses , Myrtles , Quinces ; As , Take of the Oyls of Roses and Myrtles , each one ounce ; Sperma Ceti two drams ; of the Powders of Coral , and of all the Sanders , each half a dram ; mingle them . Or , Take of Mastich , Red-Roses , each two drams ; Balaustins one dram ; of a Toast muistened with Rose-Vinegar , one ounce and an half ; with a sufficient quantity of Oyl of Roses , make a Cataplasm . Coral is counted a Specifick in this case , and therefore is hung about Childrens Necks to prevent Vomiting . Chap. XXII . Of 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . GRipes frequently happen to 〈◊〉 either with a Loosness , or without it : They most commonly proceed from the Milk , Wind , and acid Humours being generated by it ; for if too great a quantity of Milk burthens the Stomach , Crudities and Wind are occasioned , and sometimes the Nurses eating windy things is the cause , or cold Air that offends the Child's belly ; and if the Milk be corrupted in the Stomach , when it descends to the Guts , it gnaws , and vellicats them , and so causes pain . Worms in the bowels oftimes causes pain . The Gripes in Children are known by their restlessness , and continual crying , and refusing to suck , and by throwing themselves hither and thither . I● the Pain be occasioned by Wind , it sometimes remits , and sometimes increases ▪ the Belly i● inflated , the Child belches ▪ and breaks Wind backwards ; if it proceed from an Humour , the Pain is almost continual ; and if the humour be flegmatick and viscid , the Belly is most commonly bound , and the Excrements are slimy . If the Pain proceed from corrupted Milk , or from bilious and cholerick humours , there is most commonly a loosness joined with it , and the Excrement is of a saffron , or green colour . If the Pain proceed from Worms , there are signs of Worms . The Gripes , if they continue long , weaken Children , and occasion Convulsions , but the worst Gripes proceed from corrupted Milk , and acid Humours , and those which proceed from Worms , are also dangerous . If the Gripes take their rise from Wind and crude Humours , and the belly is bound , it is convenient to inject a Glister . Take of Pellitory of the Wall , and of the Flowers of Camomile , each half a handful , boil them in the Broth of Flesh ; take of the strained Liquor three or four ounces ; of Honey of Roses strained an ounce , half the Yolk of an Egg , make a Glister . This Glister may be given to a Child of a Month , or two Months old , or you may give the Child Oyl of Sweet-Almonds fresh drawn , an hour before it eats , for it loosens the Belly , and eases the Pain . Heurnius says , That he has found that a scruple of the Seed of Anise grosly beaten , being given to Children new-born , mixed in a spoonful of Pap , has freed them from green Choler , and filthy Flegm , and that it eases the Gripes . We must apply outwardly such things as gently heat , attenuate , dissipate and loosen ▪ and are also anodyne ; to which end you must anoint the Belly well with Oyl of Dill , or Pellitory bruised and mixed with Oyl of Camomile ; or you may make a Fomentation of the Flowers of Camomile . Or , Take of the Flowers of Camomile , and of the tops of Dill , each one handful ; of the Seeds of Flax and Fen●greek , each half an ounce , boil them in Wine , and foment the Belly with it twice a day . But if the Gripes proceed from corrupted Milk , and acid Humours , things that cleanse must be used ; give therefore Syrup of Roses solutive , or Honey of Roses solutive , or Syrup of Succory with Rhubark , or a Glister may be injected made of a decoction of Bran and Pellitory , and Syrup of Roses solutive . Or , Take of Barley-Water three or four ounces ; of Oyl of Dill one ounce , or one ounce and half , the Yolk of one Egg , make a Glister . Outwardly apply Oyl of Roses mixed with the Oyls of Dill and Camomile ▪ Chap. XXIII . Of the Inflation of the Belly , and Hypochondres . IT often happens , that the Hypochondres and Belly of Children under the short Ribs swell , and are as it were inflated . These Swellings arise from sucking , or eating more than they can well concoct ; upon which account crude Humours and Wind are heapt up in the Stomach and neighbouring parts , and so occasion this inflation of the Hypocondres . The Disease is known by the inflation and hardness of the Stomach , and the Hypochondres , and the Children are afflicted with a narrowness and contraction of the mouth of the Stomach , and they breath difficulty . This Disease is easily cured , if a good Diet be observed ; wherefore the Children must feed sparingly , that the Crudi●ies may be concocted ; nor should they suck or eat , till that which was eaten before is concocted and it is good ; to purge off the crude Humours with Honey of Roses solutive , and the Powder of the Roots of Paeony , Orris , and the Seeds may be given , or a Linctus may be made of the Powders with Honey , or the Oyl of Sweet-Almonds and Sugar , and the Hypochondres may be fomented with a decoction of the Flowers of Camomile , and the Seeds of Cummin ; or they may be anointed with the Oyls of Camomile , Rue , or Lawrel . Chap. XXIV . Of a Loosness . A Loosness is very common to Children , and it most commonly happens about the time they are breeding their Teeth but sometimes also when they are not breeding their Teeth , when either their Stomach or Bowels are cooled by the external Air , and so a due concoction is hindred ; or it may happen though the Stomach be very well , when it is over-burthened with too large a quantity of Meat or Drink , which breeds Crudities , and corrupts the Meat , and Meat that is crude , unconcocted and corrupted , if it be not rejected by Vomit , causes a Loosness . A Loosness may also happen by a fault in the Milk or Meat , from whence ill chyle is generated in the Stomach , which provokes Nature to frequent Evacuations ; the humidity and loosness of the Bowels may be also a cause . A Loosness appears of it self , but whether it be occasioned by breeding of Teeth , or from some other cause , may be known by the signs of breeding Teeth . If it proceed from an Intemperies of the Stomach and Bowels , some external causes went before , which might occasion a cold or moist Intemperies in the Stomach or Bowels . If this Flux proceed from an Humour falling from the Head , it may be known by a Catarrh being present , and what the matter is , which is evacuated , may be easily known ; for if the Humours are crude , the Meat is evacuated Unconcocted , the Child is troubled with belching , and the Excrements are slegmatick and white ; but if the Humours are hot , and the Meat is corrupted , those things which are evacuated , are yellow or green , and stink , and the Child is much griped . What Celfus says in general of Fluxes in the Belly , is also true as to Children , viz. That a Loosness for a day or more is often good for the health if no Fever accompany it , and if it go off within seven days ; and therefore a Loosness in Children , if they bear it well , must not be presently stopt ; for corrupted Humours in the Stomach are often commodiously evacuated thereby , whereas if they were retained , many grievous symptoms would arise ; and therefore Hippocrates says in his Book of breeding Teeth , that those Children that have a loosness in breeding Teeth , are least subject to Convulsions . But if Children do not well bear their Loosness , and it takes away their Stomach , and makes them weak , it must be stopt ; and a Loosness is dangerous in Children , if it come upon an acute Fever , and if that which is evacuated be black . In the Cure , we must first consider , whether the Child sucks or not , and next , whether it be breeding the Teeth , or not ; for if the Child yet suck , the cure must not be directed to the Child , but to the Mother , or Nurse ; and we must consider whether the Milk be good , or not ; for if the Milk be bad , it must be amended , or if that cannot presently be done , the Nurse must be changed . The Nurse must use an astringent Diet , and must abstain from Fruits , and crude Meats , and such as are of difficult concoction . But if the Infant does not suck , the cure must be directed to it : but whether it suck or not , the vitious Humours that are evacuated , must not be unseasonably stopt , especially when Children are breeding their Teeth ; for that which would otherwise occasion a Fever , and other mischief , is thereby evacuated ; and therefore the business must be left to Nature , especially if the Flux be not large , and if the Child bear it well : but if it does not bear it well , the cause on which it depends must be removed , and the Humours must be carried off by such Medicines as afterwards bind , as by Syrup or Honey of Roses solutive , or with Conserve of Roses made with Manna . Or , Take of the decoction of the Seeds of Millium , and all the Myrobalans , each two or three ounces ; of the Simple Syrup of Roses , one or two ounces , make a Glister , when the Humours are cleansed away , if the cause be hot , give the Syrups of dry'd Roses , of Quinces , Myrtles , or Coral , or the Powders of Pearl , Coral , Mastichs , Harts-horn , and Red Roses , or the Powder of Myrtles with a little Dragons Blood. Or , Take of Nutmeg , and Mastich , each one scruple , give them mixed with Syrup of Quinces . Let the Belly be anointed with the Oyls of Myrtle , Roses , and Mastich . As , Take of Oyls of Myrtle one ounce , of Oyls of Mastich and Roses , each half an ounce , wax a little and mingle them . Or foment the Belly with a decoction of Red Roses , Mullein , and Plantain made in Red Wine Or , Take of Red Roses and Mullein , each one handful ; of the Roots of Cyperus , two drams ; of Mastich , half an ounce : make a Linnen Bag , put these Ingredients into it , and boil it in red astringent Wine , and apply the Bag to the Belly . Or , Take of Quinces boiled in Red Wine , and pulped through a Sive , four ounces ; of a Toast sprinkled with Vinegar , one ounce and an half , with a sufficient quantity of Oyl of Mastich , make a Cataplasm . Or , Take of the Roots of Comfrey , one ounce ; of the Leaves of Platain and Mullein , each three handfuls ; of Red Roses , one handful ; of Balaustines , half an ounce , boil them in Water for a Bath . But if the Loosness proceeds from a cold cause , and the Excrements are white give Syrup of Mastich , or Syrup of Quinces , mixed with Mint Water ; and outwardly apply Medicines made of Mint , Wormwood , Mastich , or Cummin . As , Take of the Oyls of Nard , Mastich , Mint , each half an onnce ; of the Powder of Coral , half a dram ; of Oyl of Nutmeg by expression , two scruples , with a sufficient quantity of Wax , make an Oyntment . Or you may apply to the Belly , Mint boiled in Wine , or a crust of Bread moistened with Mint-Water , or a Bag of Mint , Wormwood , and Red Roses , Mastich , Nutmeg , and Cloves . Chap. XXV . Of Costiveness in Children . IT often happens that Children are bound in their Bodies , or go to Stool seldomer than they ought , which happens by reason of a cold and dry Intemperies of the Bowels , or because the Humours are viscid and flegmatick ; but this chiefly happens by a fault in the milk , when the Mother and Nurses use a gross , viscid , and astringent Diet , and drink too sparingly . A hot Intemperies of the Liver , Spleen , or Reins , may also occasion Costiveness , or an obstruction of the Gall , which should stimulate the Guts to excretion . This Disease is manifest of it self , but what is the cause of Costiveness , or of going to stool seldom , must be carefully considered . If a natural dryness of the Guts is the cause , the Belly is scarce ever orderly dischârged , if gross and viscid Flegm is the cause , the Excrements when they are evacuated , are covered with it ; if any error in Diet of the Nurse or Mother be the cause , it may be known by them . If a hot and dry Intemperies of some neighbouring part be the cause , it will be manifested by the signs of them ; if Choler , which irritates the Guts to excretion , does not flow to them , the Excrecrements will not be tinctured , but be white , or of an Ash-colour , and the colour of the Childs body will be yellow . Those grown People , whose Bellies are bound , are sometimes very healthy , Nature being accustomed to evacuate the liquid parts of the Excrements , or to discuss them insensibly : but it seldom happens that Children , whose Bellies are bound , are very healthy ; and it is best for Young People to have their Bellies open ; for when they are bound , Vapours from the Excrements are cast upon the whole Body , and gripes , pains of the Head , and other ill Symptoms are occasioned . The cure of Costiveness in Children is to be performed two ways ; first by removing the Cause , and then by loosning the Belly . First we must endeavour that the cause of Costiveness be removed , and if the temper of the Bowels be cold and dry , Children must be frequently washed , and when the Intemperies is cold , you must use a Bath of hot Stomach-Herbs ; when it is dry , you must use things that moisten , as Mallows , Marsh-mallows , Pellitory of the Wall , and Bears-breech . If the Mother or Nurse have used meats , which bind the Belly , as Quinces , Medlars , Pears , Beans , or the like , they must for the future , abstain from all such things , and instead of them , they must use such things as molli●ie the Belly , as Mallows , Raisins , Pruns , and the like . If the Infant be pretty big , and eats as well as sucks , it must abstain from all astringent things , and use such things as loosen . If viscid Flegm stick to the Guts , and the Excrements are covered with it , things that incide and cleanse , must be used , as Honey of Roses solutive , or Syrup of Horehound , or the like : If any neighbouring part be hot and dry , the Intemperies of it must be corrected with the Syrups of Violets , or Succory , or with a decoction of Barly , or with an emulsion of the four greater cold Seeds , and the like . If the Choler does not pass from the Gall-Bladder to the Guts , the obstructed passages must be opened with a decoction of the roots of Grass , of Fennel , Asparagus , Maiden-hair and the like . But we must not always wait till the Causes are taken away ; for the Belly must be seasonably loosned to prevent ill symptoms , which may be done by external and internal Medicines . Amongst Externals are Suppositories , which may be made of Honey and Salt , or with crude Honey put into a Rag , or with Lard , Soap , or the root of Mallows besmeared with Butter . Or , Take Mouse-dung , half a dram , with Goats-suet , make a Suppository . But Nature must not be accustomed to the too frequent use of Suppositories ▪ for if so , she will not ease the Belly , unless she be provoked by them : it is therefore better to use Glisters , and other external things , which may also remove the cause of the Disease , and correct the dryness of the Guts , or carry off the viscid Flegm , according as their is occasion . As. Take of common Oyl three or four ounces , of brown Sugar two or three drams , the Yolk of one Egg , of Salt three grains , make a Glister . Or , Take of the Roots of Marsh-mallows , half an ounce ; of Mallows and Pellitory of the Wall , each half an handful ; of the Flowers of Camomile , one pugil ; of the Seeds of Flax and Fenugreek , each one dram , boil them in Water . In three , five , or six ounces of the strained liquor , according to the age of the Child , dissolve two or three drams , or half an ounce of Cassia , of common Oyl one ounce , or one ounce and an half with the Yolk of one Egg ; ●ake a Glister . Such things may be ap●lied to the Navel , as loosen the Belly , ● Oyl of Sweet ▪ Almonds alone , or with grain or two of Scammony , or Colouintida , or Butter , or Hen-fat , with ulls gall , or with the Juice of Sowread . Or , Take of Aloes , two drams ; of the Gall of Bull , one dram ; of Scammony , one ●ruple , with a sufficient quantity of Butter , ●ake an Oyntment ; fill a Walnut ▪ shell with ● , and apply it to the Childs Navel . And the whole Belly may be anointed with an emollient Oyntment . As , Take of fresh Butter , and of Hens and ●ucks Grease , each half an ounce ; of Oyls ●f Sweet-Almonds and of Flax , each three ●rams ; of Calves Marrow , of Oyntment ●f Marsh-Mallows , each two drams , with ● little Wax , make an Oyntment . Or , Take of the Leaves of Mallows and Marsh-mallows , each one handful ; of the ●eeds of Flax and Fenugreek , each half an ●unce ; of Figs , number six ; boil them in Water , and pulp them through a Sive , and add of Butter and of Hens-fat , ●ach one ounce ; of Oyntment of Marsh-mallows half an ounce ; of Saffron one Scruple ; mix them , make a Cataplasm , to be applied to the Belly . If you would have it loosen more forcibly , you must add Aloes , and other Purgers ; or you you may make a Cataplasm of fine Flower , and Juice of Dwarf-Elder . But you must take notice , that these Cataplasms , and other Purging medicines applied to the Belly , must not touch the stomach . To the Children that are pretty big , you must give a scruple , or half a dram of Cyprean Turpentine ; or a decoction of red Cabbage with Honey ; or Syrup of Violets , Roses solitive , or loosning Raisins , or Cassia from two drams to six , or Manna , which may conveniently be dissolved in milk . Or , Take of the Pulp of fat Figs , and of Raisins stoned , each two drams ; of Jujubes number seven ; of Cassia , half an ounce ; of the solutive Electuary of Sebestins and Pruns , each two Drams , with the Syrup of preserved Myrabolans called Chebuls , make an Electuary . The Dose is one Dram. Young Children make take suggared milk , or they may lick Honey , and such purging medicines as are agreeable to the age , and constitution of the Child , may be given to the Nurse . Chap. XXVI . Of Worms . WOrms are chiefly bred in the bowels of Children , and some have them in the Womb after they are born , they are generated by eating too much , and by the confusion of the milk with other meats , and by reason of their hot and moist constitution , which is very apt to produce Worms ; and the sweet things which Children eat , and are delighted with , are apt to generate Worms ; but they are chiefly generated by Fruit , which Children eat greedily . There are three sorts of Worms , round and long , like Earth-worms ; broad and knotted , and the small which are called Ascarides . The first sort are most frequent to Children . If Worms are ejected by stool or vomit , there is no need of other signs : but because they often lie hid a long while , before they are evacuated , and because Children do not understand , or cannot discover what they all , there is need of signs to find out Worms . And first in general , when Worms lie hid in the Bowels , the mouth is full of Spittle , which often runs out , and a peculiar stink exhales from the Mouth ; they have terrible Dreams , as may be known by various motions in Sleep , they grind their Teeth after an unusual manner in Sleep , their Sleep is disturbed , they put forth their Tongues , scratch their Noses often , and seem to Chew , they have a dry Cough , sometimes they are troubled with Nauseousness , Vomiting , and Hickops , sometimes they have too great an Appetite , and sometimes none at all ; and they are most commonly Thirsty , the Belly is swelled ; sometimes they are bound in their Bodies , but most commonly they are loose , their Urine is most commonly thick and white , they are grip'd , especially when the Belly is empty , and when the Worms want to be fed : The Body is thin , by reason of the defect of Nourishment , which the Worms consume . The Children are often troubled with cold Sweats , and sometime they have Flushing in their Faces , and presently again they are Pale . Sometimes they are seized with Convulsions , and often with ill Fevers : But these Signs belong chiefly to long and round Worms ; for broad Worms , and the little ones called Ascarides have other signs ; for those which have broad Worms have too great an Appetite , and unless they are supplied , they perceive a gnawing and pain in their Bellies , and sometimes they faint away , if they are not presently fed ; but otherwise , the Gripes are very gentle ; for the broad Worm is slow , and sticks to the Bowels , and so does not easily move from place to place . The Body is much extenuated and weak , and sometime also , some of the Signs above-mentioned are present : But the following is the most certain Sign , viz. if with the Excrements , some Corpuscles like the seeds of gourds are ejected . When there are Worms called Ascarides , there is a violent Itching in the Fundament , and a continual endeavour to go to Stool ; for , sticking in the right Gut , they continually provoke it . Children have Worms often a long time without any great Detriment ; but oftentimes grievous Symptoms come upon them , such as we mentioned above . The Ascarides are the least hurtful ; for they are small , and stick in the right Gut , a place far distant from the noble Parts , and they are easily cast out ; yet sometimes they occasion Ulcers in the right Gut. The broad Worms are very difficultly cured , and often grow old with the Man , yet they do not occasion girevous Symptoms , nor Death . The long and round Worms are the most hurtful for they induce sometimes various Symptoms , and it has been found , that they have eaten thro' the Guts , and Belly too . Those that are thin and extenuated , are not so bad as those that are thick and great , and full of Blood ; for if they are thin , it is a sign that the matter wherewith they are nourished is not very copious ; on the contrary , it is an Argument , when they are big , there are many excrementious humours in the Body : White Worms are better than Yellow , Livid , Red , or Blackish . Those that are of a plain Figure are better than those that are of a Serpentine , or other prodigious Figure : It is better that they should be evacuted by Stool , than upwards ; and worst of all when they eat their way out . Worms are dangerous when they are accompanied with a Feaver ; if Convulsions , and a grinding of the Teeth come upon Worms , it is dangerous . If dead Worms cannot be expelled by the force of Remedies , or by the defect of Aliment , it is dangerous . It is better to prevent the Generation of Worms in Infants , than to kill and expel them , when they are Generated . The Generation of Worms is to be prevented by Diet and Medicines ; the Diet ought to be such , as no way conduces to the Generation of them , namely , Meats of good Juice , sprinkled sometimes with the Juice of Pomgranats , Oranges , or Citrons ; sweet , fat , and viscid things are to be avoided , especially the frequent use of Milk or Fish ; also Summer Fruits , and Figs , Wine and clear Beer , is good against the Worms , it is good also to put into the Beer shavings of Harts-horn . As to medicines , we must endeavour that the matter which generates Worms , be either evacuated , or rendered unfit to generate them ; and therefore the Belly must be kept open , that the matter may be gently Evacuated . Some perseribe for Children Aloes , Hiera Pi●ra , and Rhubarb in the form of Pills , or in a Bolus , but how they make them take it , I know not ; for the Children ▪ now a days , will not take any such thihg , unless they are well grown . A decoction of Sebestins is more palatable , or Table●s of Diaturbith , with Rhubarb , or some syrup made of Plants that kill Worms , with the Leaves of Senna , Agarick , and a little Rhubarb . Amongst Medicines , which resist the generation of Worms , bitter things are most proper , as Wormwood , Scordium , and the like : But because Children will not easily take them , those things that are more pleasant , may be sometimes given , as a Decoction of the Roots of Grass , and of Mouse ear , the juice of Lemons , and Citron , and sometimes a drop or two , of Spirit of Vitriol , may be given in a convenient Liquor . But if it plainly appears , that Worms are generated , we must endeavour to expel them . Amongst the Medicines , which may be conveniently given to Children , the following are the chief , Coralline , Wormseed , the Roots of white Dillany , Harts-horn , the Water and Decoction of Grass Roots , and Mercurius dulcis : As , Take of Worm-seed , two Drams , of Coralline and Hartshorn prepared , each one Dram , of the Roots of Peony , white Dittany , and Magistery of Coral , each one Scruple , make a Powder : Or , Take of Worm-seed , Coralline , each one Dram and an half , of the Roots of white Dittany , and Tormentil , each half a Dram , make a Powder , or give the essence of Peach Flower , or half an Ounce , or an Ounce of the Water , or Decoction of Fern , or half a Scruple , or half a Dram of the Powder of Fern. But you must consider , whether a Fever accompany the Worms ; for if there be a Fever , you must use cooling things , and add to them such things as resist Malignity , as the juices of Lemons , Pomgranats , Oranges , Vinegar , Hartshorn , Bezoar , and Confection of Hyacin●h ; or the following Potion may be given : Take of the Water of Grass , four Ounces , of Syrup of Sorrel , and Citron , each one Ounce , of Syrup of Violets , half an Ounce , of Spirit of Vitriol , two or three Drops , mingle them , give a Spoonful or two at a time . Moreover you must observe , that Medicines to kill the Worms , especially bitter things , must be taken in by the Mouth , and that sweet things must be injected after the manner of a Glyster ; for the Worms , hating bitter Medicines , will go downwards , aud will be allured thither , by the sweet things , and so will be the easier ejected ; and therefore , when Medicines are given to kill the Worms , a Glister of Milk must be injected : Or , Take of Raisins , number Ten , of Figs , number Seven , Boyl them in a sufficient quantity of Water , in four , or six Ounces of the strained Liquor , disolve an Ounce , or an Ounce and an half of Sugar , and so make a Glister . It is to be noted also , that you must not always keep to one Medicine , for the Worms will be accustomed to it , and so will not be driven away . Apply outwardly to the Belly , especially about the Navel , Medicines that are Proper to kill Worms , as the Leaves of Peach Tree , Wormwood , and Lupins , of each a like quantity ; or , apply to the Belly Cummin mixed with Bulls Gall , or a Cataplasm made of Wormwood , St. John's Wort , Bulls Gall : Or , Take of the Powder of Wormwood , Nigella , the lesser Centaury , Wormseed , the Meal of Lupins , each half an Ounce , of Oyl of Wormwood a sufficient quantity , of Wax half an Ounce , mingle them over the Fire , make an Oyntment , wherewith anoint the Belly : Or , Take of the Powder of the Seeds of Nigella , and of Wormwood , each two Drams , of the Meal of Lupins two Ounces , of the juice of Rue one ounce and an half , of the juice of Wormwood four ounces , or if you cannot get the juices , make the Cataplasm with Oyl of Rue and Wormwood ; apply is to the Navel in a Rag , as large as the Palm of the Ha●d : Or. Take of Venice Treacle , half an ounce , dissolve it in the juice of Wormwood , and anoint the Belly therewith ; or , take of the Meal of Lupins four ounces , of the Powder of 〈◊〉 Myrrh , Tansie , Wormseed , each two drams , of Scordium Vinegar two ounces , of Bulls Gall half an ounce , with a sufficient quantity of the Juice , or Oyl of Wormwood , make a Cataplasm : Or , the following Bath may be prepared : Take of the Leaves of the Peach Tree , and Wormwood , each a sufficient quantity , Boyl them in Water , and let the Child sit up to the Navel in it . But if there be a Fever , more temperate things must be used : As , Take of the Juices of Purslain , and of Peach Leaves , each three Ounces , of Vinegar one ounce ; of the Meal of Lupins , a sufficient quantity , make a Cataplasm . Chap. XXVI . Of Ruptures . CHildren are afflicted with Ruptures , by the fall of the small Guts into the Scrotum , the Peritoneum being relaxed , or broken by violent crying , a cough , and much straining in going to Stool : But grown Children are sometimes bursten by violent motions of the Body , and indeed the Peritoneum in Children is tender , so that it may be easily relaxed , or broken . There is another Tumor , which often happens in the God of Children new Born , which is commonly reckoned amongst Ruptures , and yet the Peritoneum is sound ; it proceeds from watery Humours abounding in the Belly . A Rupture , or Tumour of the Scrotum appears to sight : But we must carefully mind , whether the Swelling be occasioned by the falling of the Gut into the Scrotum , or from a watery Humour that flowes thither ; in a Rupture the Swelling is most commonly in one side of the Scrotum ; for the Peritoneum is seldom broke in both sides , and you may percieve that by touching with your Finger , and the hole , through which the Gut falls may be felt with the Finger : But the watery swelling of the Cod is most commonly on both sides , and the Scrotum is more inflamed than when there is a Rupture , and no Hole can be perceived in the Peritoneum , and no cause , that might produce a Rupture , went before , and there are signs of Crudity present . A Rupture in Children is easier Cured than in grown persons , for the Peritoneum in them is soft and easily unites . Some say , that all watery Swellings in the Scrotum , are harder cured than a Rupture , but this is false in Children ; for experience Testifies , that this watery Swelling is easily Cured by Discutients , nay , it often goes away of it self , in progress of time , the Humours being dried up . In the Cure of a Rupture , we must endeavour to keep the Childrens Bodies open , that they do not fill their Bellies too much , nor cry much , and if they are some what grown , they must abstain from all violent Motion . You must lay them on their Backs , and gently put up the Gut , and apply a proper Plaister , or Cataplasm , and bind it on with a Truss . Take of Plaintain , Sanicle , each half an ounce ▪ of the Meal of Lentils , and Lupins , and red Roses , each two drams , of Frankincense one dram , Alum half a dram , make a Powder , and with a sufficient quantity of it , beaten up with the white of an Egg , make a Cataplasm to be applied to the part ●ffected : Or , Take of Frankincense , Cypress , Nuts , Aloes , and Acacia , each two drams , Myrrh one dram , make a Powder , mix it with Iseing-glass , and apply it in form of a Plaister : Or , Take of Cypress-Nuts , two drams of Balaustins , of the Powder of the Root of Comfry , Thorrow-wax , Sanicle , Rupture-wort , each one dram , Bdellium one dram and an half , Bole-Armentick two Drams , Dragons ▪ Blood four Scruples , Greek Pitch one ounce , Rosin of the Pine six drams , with Turpentine-wax , and Oyl of Eggs. make a Cerate : Or , Take the green Leaves of Thorrow-wax , and the fresh Roots of Comfry , beat them them small , and with a third part of new Wax , make a Plaister , and apply it to the part affected : Or , Take the Roots of Comfry cleansed , beat them , and heat them , and apply them in a Linnen Rag , and change them every twelve hours . At the same time , inward Medicines must be used , which may help to Conglutinate . As , Take of Sanicle , Plantam , each half an handful , of Agrimony , half an handful , of the Roots of Comfry , half an ounce , boyl them in a pint of Water , in a double Vessel , strain the Liquor , and sweeten it with Sugar , and let the Child drink often of it hot . Mouse-ear also is very good , gathered in May , the Powder of it being taken every day in Broath . The Powder of the lesser Moon-wort , is also good , taken in red Wine , or in a Decoction of Comfry . Thorrow-wax is also good , taken in a Powder , or in a Decoction , so are Rupture-wort , and the Roots of Comfry . If the swelling of the Scrotum be occasioned by a watery Humour , anoint the Scrotum with the Oyls of Lawrel , Elder , or Rue , and apply a Cataplasm , made of Bean-Meal , of the Seeds of Flax , and Fenu-Greek , of the Powder of the Flowers of Camomile , and Elder , and of the Seeds of Cumin . Chap. XXVII . Of the sticking out of the Navel . THe sticking out of the Navel is near a kin to a Rupture ; it happens when the Navel is not rightly bound , or when the Peritoneum is relaxed , and Humours , and Wind are collected there . If the Midwife has not rightly cut the Navel , but left it longer than it ought to be it is incurable , but it is rather troublesome than dangerous ; but if the Navel , being consolidated after the Birth , is afterwards two much extended or Bursten , or Ulcerated , it is often incurable , if it be neglected at first , and if it be not cured in Infancy , it may in the adult age occasion a deadly Iliack passion , if the Guts that lie upon it are inflamed . If the Peritoneum be only relaxed , things that bind and strengthen must be used ▪ if it be Bursten , you must use things that unite , and consolidate ; and if the Causes which extend , relax , or break the Peritoneum are present , they must be removed . You must therefore endeavour to keep the Child from crying , and as quiet as possible , and to hush it to sleep as often as you can ; if there be a Cough , you must endeavour to stop it , and all violent motion must be avoided . Baths are not convenient , for they relax the Navel , the Child and Nurse must abstain from windy Meats : the Belly must be kept open ; for straining in going to stool is injurious . If the Peritoneum be too much dilated , and wind extends the Navel , make a Cataplasm in red Wine , with equal parts of the Powder of the Seeds of Cumin , Lawrel-ber●ies , and the meal of Lupins , and apply it to the Navel ; or make a bag of the Seeds of Cumin , and Celtick-Spike boyled in red Wine , and apply it to the Navel : afterwards apply Astringents , and a Bolster , and bind it on with a swaith . But if the Peritoneum be Bursten , you must first reduce the Guts , and afterwards use those Medicines which are proposed in the foregoing Chapter , and you must apply a Bolster to the Navel , and bind it on strait with a swaith , to prevent the falling out of the Guts again . Take of Cypress-nuts , Frankincense , Myrrb , Mastich , Sarc●cole , Alom , and Ising-glass , each one dram , with the whites of Eggs make a Cataplasm ; or you may apply to the Navel Mint beaten with the white of an Egg , and you may give the Child such Medicines as are proper for Ruptures , as one scruple of Comfry root . Or , Take of the root of Comfry , red Coral , Mastich , Shephords-purse , each one dram , make a Powder . If the Navel be Ulcerated , the cure must be ordered , as shall be said in the following Chapter ▪ and to the Navel must be applied Oyl of Roses , wherein Ceruss washed has been rubbed , or the Plaister called Gryseum . Chap. XXVIII . Of an Inflamation of the Navel . THe Navel is sometimes inflamed in Infants , chiefly after the Abscission , for by reason of the Pain , especially when the Ligature is not rightly made ; and by reason of an injury from the external air , the Blood flows to it , and occasions an inflamation ; it may be known by the swelling , hardness , redness , heat , and pulsation . If care be taken of this inflamation at first , it is easily cured , otherwise a Fever usually happens , which endangers the Child . If it turn to an Abscess it often kills . As to the cure , as in other inflamations , so here , The pain must be mitigated , and the Fluxion stopped , and that which flowed in must be discussed ; apply the following Cataplasm to ease the pain . Take of Mallows boyled and bruised one unce , of Barly-meal , half an ounce , of Lupins , and Fenugreek , each two drams , with a sufficient quantity of Oyl of Roses , make Cataplasm : Or , Take of Coltick Spike , half an ounce , of Turpentine three ounces ; with Oyl of sweet Almonds , make an Ointment . To repel the Blood , use the following : Take of the Powder of Frankincense one dram , of Acacia and Fleabane , each half a dram , with the white of an Egg , make a Cataplasm , to be applied to the Navel . Suppuration must be hindred as much as is possible ; but if it will come to Suppuration , use the following . Take of Turpentine half an ounce , the yolk of one Egg , Oyle of Roses two ounces , mingle them . Chap. XXIX . Of the falling of the Fundament . THe falling of the Fundament ▪ sometimes happens to Children , either by reason of the looseness of the Muscle which shuts it , or by the too great moisture , and softness of it , which frequently follow upon a looseness ; or it sometimes happens by the too great endeavours in going to Stool , or in a Tenesmus . It is easily known , but whether it proceeds from too great moisture , and from humours following to the Belly , or from too great endeavours in going to Stool , may be easily known , by the By-standers . If it proceed from too great endeavours in going to Stool , it is easily cured , if it be taken in time ; for the longer it is out of its place , the more it is altered , and the more difficultly put up : but if it proceed from too great moisture , it is difficultly cured , especially if a looseness accompany it ; for it can scarce be perfectly cured , till the Flux be stopped : besides Medicines that are necessary are not easily retained , and the vertue of them is apt to be spoiled by the Excrements . The whole cure consists in putting up the Fundament , and retaining it in its place ; it ought therefore to be presently put up ; but if it be so swell'd that it cannot easily be put up , it must first be fomented with a decoction of Mallows and Marsh-mallows , and anointed with the Oyl of white Lillies ; or the Infant must sit in a bath made of the same Herbs ; and afterwards the Fundament must be retained in its place by astringent Medicines . Take of red Roses , Balaustines , Cypress-nuts , Pomgranate-pe●l , each half an ounce , of Sumach , Frankincense , and Mastich , each two drams ; boyl them in rough Win● , and foment the Anus with a spunge dipt in it . After the Fomentation , use the following Powder : Take of red Roses , and Balaustines , each half a dram , of Frankincense , Mastich , and Myrrh , each one scruple , make a Powder , put it in Cotton , and apply it to the Fundament ; or you may make a fume of the Powder . But because it cannot well be received by the Child , fume rags dipt in Alom-water , and apply them to the Anus ; and le●t it should fall down again , the Child must keep its Legs together : and if they are very young , their Legs must be bound with a swaith . Chap. XXX . Of the Stone in the Bladder . THe Stone is frequently generated in Childrens Bladders , and very seldom in their Reins : whereas , on the contrary , old Men are generally afflicted with the Stone in the Kidneys . The Stone in the Bladder in Children is chiefly generated by Milk , and if it be impure , not only Stones but also other Diseases are generated ; but all impure Milk does not breed the Stone , but only that which is made of gross and viscid Meats , and of such as are apt to breed the Stone , especially if the Child suck greedily , and burthen the Stomach with those things that generate crudities : But because we see many Children fed with Milk , and with Pap , and yet are not troubled with the Stone , other Causes must be added , namely first , some weakness of the Liver and Stomach , upon which account , the Meat is not well concocted , and that which is unprofitable is not seperated , but much of the earthy , and Stone making Juice remains in the Chyle , and moreover the hot intemperies of the Reins is a cause . As soon as there is any rudiment of a Stone , new Matter gathers about it daily , and grows to it ; but Boys are more subject to the Stone , than Girls , because the urinary passages in Women is shorter , and more open than in Men ; and therefore the Matter which is apt to produce the Stone is easier ejected in Women . You may know the Stone in Children by the following Signs ; they make water with pain , and oft render it drop by drop , yea , often the Urine is quite suppressed , and that Urine which is evacuated is sometimes clear as water , sometimes as white as Milk , or like Whey , and sometimes some Blood is evacuated with the Urine , and Sand appears with the Urine ; Moreover Infants perceive an itching in the virile Member , and therefore they frequently scra●ch it , and at length there is sometimes an erection . The Stone in the Bladder is a very desperate ●is●●s● ; for tho' it does not presently kill , ●e● if it be not presently cured , it incre●ses daily , and afterwards it cannot be reme ie● any other way , than by cutting o extraction of the Stone , which is very dangerous ; for if the Stone be large , Children many times dye as well as grown People . If from the difficulty of Urine , and other signs it appear , that the Child is disposed to the Stone , we must endeavour all we can to prevent the breeding of it ; and therefore the Stomach must not be filled with too much Meat , and the Nurse and Infant must abstain from all Meats , that are gross and viscid , and apt to generate the Stone , and the Belly must be always kept loose , and the breeding of the Stone must be prevented by external and internal Medicines ; and therefore a Bath must be prepared forthe Infant , made of Mallows , Marsh-mallows , Pellitory of the Wall , Parsly , Dill , and of the s●eds of Flax and Fenugreek . After the Bath , the parts about the Bladder must be anointed with Ointment of Marsh-mallows , and Oyls of white Lillies and Scorpions , and a Cataplasm must be afterwards applied , made of green Pellitory of the Wall boyled in the Oyl of white Lillies , and Camomile , and give the Child a scruple or two of the Powder of Crabs-eves , or of white Amer , or of Goats-blood prepared in Parsly-water : and it may be useful sometimes to give half a dram of Cyprean Turpentine . Chap. XXXI . Of the difficulty , and retention of the Vrine . SOmetimes Children render their Urine with difficulty and pain , and often by drops , and sometimes it is quite stopt . In Children there are two causes of this , namely that gross humour whereof the Stone is generated ▪ which also occasions a Stranguary and disury , and then the Stone which occasions a suppression of Urine : the causes which generate this gross humour , are gross and viscid Milk , Pap made o● Flower and Milk , and Cheese . The retention of the Urine plainly appears , if there be a difficulty of Urine , it may be known by being rendred by drops , and by the crying of the Child , and the Urine is gross and turbid : if there be a Stone , that may be found by the Catheter , and thereby it may be removed from the Orifice of the Bladder , to make a passage for the Urine . This is a very dangerous Disease ; for if it proceed from gross Matter , it will turn to the Stone , if it be not timely removed If the Suppression of Urine proceed from the Stone , it is as dangerous as the Stone it self , and suppression of the Urine it self , is dangerous , especially in Children , because no natural evacuation in them can be suppressed without danger . The cure therefore must be begun early , and it is in a manner the same with that which was proposed in the foregoing Chapter of the Stone , namely the causes of the difficulty , or suppression of the Urine must be removed ; therefore care must be taken in the first place , that the Nurse and Child use such Meats , which do not conduce to the production of the humour that generates the Stone , and then Medicines must be given that purge these humours , as Honey of Roses solutive , Cassia and Turpentine : afterwards Baths , Fomentations , and Unctions made of those things , which are proposed in the foregoing Chapter ; and let such Medicines be taken inwardly as are mentioned there ; for those which can expel the Stone can carry off the humour that generates it ; and the water of Sea-grass , Rest-harrow , Filipendula , and a decoction of Vetches are useful . If the Stone obstruct the Orifice of the Bladder , it must be removed thence by laying the Child upon its Back , and shaking its Legs , or by the Catheter . Chap. XXXII . Of Incontinence of Vrine . CHildren when they are very Young , and when they lye in the Cradle , and know not what is filthy or neat , make Water in their Cloaths , and so by custom , they sometimes do so , when they are grown up in sleep , and some also when they are awake ; for the Muscle that shuts the Orisice of the Bladder is accustomed to let the Urine go , when it is irritated by the quantity of it . But sometimes there is also a weakness of the Muscle , proceeding from a Cold , and moist Intemperies of it , contracted from abundance of gross and cold Humours , which are in the tender Age ; or it may proceed from an Obstruction , and Compression of the Nerve of the Sphincter , and sometimes a Stone hinders the shutting of the Bladder . This Disease is not easily known in Infants ; for then it is reckoned to proceed from their tender Age , and when they are a little grown , it may proceed from custom : But if it be from the Stone , it may be found by the Signs of the Stone . If the occasion be custom , it most commonly goes off , in time of its own accord ; for they being ashamed of it , restrain it : But if the custom grow to a habit , or if some Disease be joined with it , it seldom leaves them as long as they live . If it proceed from the Stone , it cannot be cu●ed , till the Stone is taken away . If it proceed from an ill custom , Children must be admonished to make Water often . If it proceed from a cold and moist Intemperies , such things must be used as alter it , and the Flegmatic Humour must dried and carried off , and the Nurses Diet must be hot and dry , and she must eat with her Meat , Sage , Hyssop , Marjoram , Fennel , and Savory , The Child must not drink much , and care must be taken , that its Belly be kept open , and the Region of the Bladder must be anointed with Oyl of Orris , and the like , or a Bath must be prepared of Sulphur , Nitre , and Oak-Leaves , unless some Natural , Sulphurous , or Alom bath can be had ; and let the following Powder be given . Take of an Hog , or Boar's Bladder dried , the Testicles of a Hare dried , the Throat of a Cock dried , each half an ounce , of Accorns , two Scruples , of the Leaves of Catmint , and M●●e , each one Scruple ; make a Powder , give a Scruple , or half a dram , in the Water of Oak-Leaves . Chap. XXXIII . Of the Galling of Children . IT frequently happens , that the Skin of the Hips , and the parts there about , in Children , is fretted off , which occasions pain , and makes them restless . It is caused by the Accimony of the Urine , when the Linnen is not often changed ; for if they are kept clean , and the Linnen often changed , this seldom happens : But those Children that have an Acridurine , and are fat , are most Obnoxious to it . It is easily Cured , but if it be let alone , it occasions Ulcers in those parts ; therefore the Children must be often wa hed , and cleansed with a Bath made of Mallows , marsh Mallows , Pellitory , Roses , and Bran , and after the Bath , the parts may be sprinkled , or touched with a Rag , filled with white Pompholix ; or a fine Powder may be made , with Lytharge of Silver , Roses , Frankincense , and Burnt-Alom , or the part may be anointed with the Oyntment called Drapompholigos . Chah . XXXIV . Of the Rickets . THis Disease began about sixty Years ago , in the West of England , it seizes Children when they are about half an Year old . The proportion of the parts is Irregular . The Head is bigger than ordinary , so is the Face ; the Wit is sharper than is usual in such an Age , the Members are thin and wasted ; the Skin is loose ; the Bones are most commonly bowed , and the Joynts knotted . The Breast is narrow and sharp ; the Ribs are knotted , and the Belly is big . These things are observed outwardly . As to the inward parts , the Liver is larger than usual , the Stomach and Bowels are larger , than in those that are well ; the Mesentery is affected with Glanduls , that are larger than ordinary , the Lungs are stuff'd and swell'd , and sometimes Purulent , and often stick to the Pleura . The Jugular Veins , and the Carotide Arteries are sometimes larger then they should be . All the parts are weak , and unfit for motion ; and such Children will Play only sitting , and do not care to stand : And at length , the Head cannot be sustained by the weak Neck . Tho' this Disease is not commonly deadly , yet the Symptoms growing to a height , it sometimes degenerates into a Con sumption , hectic Fever , Dropsy of the Lungs , or an Ascites , and so at length is deadly . The sooner it comes , the worse it is , if it be not Cured before Children are five Years old , they are ever after very Sickly . An Itch coming upon this Disease , much conduces to the Cure. As to the Cure , we must begin with Purging ; because most commonly , there is abundance of Flegmatick Humours heap'd up in the Belly , and the Bowels are frequently afflicted with Scrophulous Tumours . If the Belly be bound , or the Bowels troubled with Wind , or Gripes , Glisters must be used frequently , which must not be only Solutive , but sometimes Alterative , and Corroborative , for instance . Take of the Leaves of Mallows , one handful , of the Flowers of Melilot , Camomile , and Elder , each one Pugil , of the Seeds of Anise , and Fennel bruised , each half a dram , boyl them in a sufficient quantity of new Goats-Milk ; to four , five , or six ounces of the strained Liquor , add of brown Sugar , and Syrup of Violets and Roses , each one ounce , make a Glister , inject it warm a good while after Eating . Corroborative Glisters may be make in the following manner . Take of fresh Stone , Hors●dung , one ounce and an half , of the Flowers of Rosemary , and Sage , each one Pugil , of Juniper-berries , two drams , of the Seeds of Anise , and Fennel , each half a dram , infuse them close and warm in a sufficient quantity of Whey . In four ounces of the strained Liquor , dissolve one ounce of brown Sugar , and six drams of fresh Butter ; mingle them , make a Glister . There may be also added , if it seem convenient , six drams of Manna . If the Stomach be burthened with vitious Humours , and they tend upwards , Vomits may be given : But in the Prescription of them , respect must be had to the tender Age , and they should rather consist of Salt of Vitriol , and the Wine of Squills , than of stybeat Medicines ; for it is not safe to give these to Infants , for fear of Convulsions . Give of Wine or Oxy●el of Squills , half an ounce , or an ounce ; half an hour after , give a large quantity of Posset drink , and provoke Vomitting with the Finger , and let it be repeated now and then . Some days after Vomitting , or if Vomittnig be not to be used , gentle Purging must be instituted , and repeated by intervals . As , Take of the Augustan Syrup , or of Syrup of Succory with Rhubarb , six drams , or an ounce , of Cream of Tartar , ten or fifteen grains , mingle them , let them be taken early in the morning , either by themselves , or in a draught of Posset drink . If the Sick be affected with Worms , or the King's-Evil , the following Bolus may be given by intervals . Take of Mercurius Dulcis , from six to ten grains , Rosin of Jallup or Scammony , two or four grains , of the Chymical Oyl of Juniper , one drop , make a Powder , which may be made into a Bolus with the Pap of a roasted Apple ; let it be taken early in the morning . After gentle Purging , if the Sick be of a Sanguine constitution , Blood-letting is of use . Issues are also very effectual in this Disease , especially an Issue made betwixt the first and second Vertebra of the Neck . Besides Purging and Chyrurgical Remedies , Specific altering Medicines are to be used ; to which sometimes Diureticks , and Diaphoreticks are to be added . The Specific Remedies , that are found most effectual to cure this Disease , are either simple or compound . Among Simples the following are most approved ; Wood of Gujacum , and its Bark , Sassafras , Lentisk-wood , Rosemary , the knotty part of Firr , the Roots of China , and Sarsaparilla , the three Sanders , the Roots of Osmund Royal , or rather the Cloves of the Roots , the Roots of Sea-fern , or rather the Buds of them . Grass roots , the Roots of Asparagus , Eringo , Succory , Burdock , the Barks of the Roots of Capers , the Capillary Herbs , and chiefly Trichomanes , Ceterach , Wall-rue , Harts-tongue , Liverwort , Male-speedwell , Agrimony , Brooklime , Watercresses , the Leaves and Flowers of Sage ; Rosemary , Bettony , dead Net●le , and of Tamarisk . Also Steel prepared , or its Salt , or Vitriol , Tartar , Castor , Flowers of Sulphur , Earth Worms , Millepedes prepared , and the like , whereof Compositions may be made in the following manner : Take of the Cloves of the Roots of Osmund-Royal , or the Roots of Sea-fern , or the Twigs of the Roots of it , scarcely sprung above ground , one handful , boil them in a pint of Milk , or Spring-water , to the consumption of a third part , let the strained Liquor with Sugar be drank twice or thrice a day . Take of the Leaves of Tea , one dram , of the Flowers of Sage and Bettony , each half a dram , put them in a convenient Vessel , and pour on them a pint of boiling water , let them stand close and warm about an hour ; sweeten the strained Liquor with Sugar , and let it be drank in the same manner as the former . Take of Lentisk-wood , Rosemary , of the Ro●ts of Sarsaparilla , flowering Fern , or male-fern , each three ounces , of the Herbs Agrimony , Maiden-hair , Speedwell , Haris-tongue , Sage , Bettony , each two handfuls , of the tops of Fern and Tamarisk , each two handfuls , boil them in so●r Gallons of Ale , till one is consumed ; when it has done working in the Vissel , put into a bag two hundred Millipedes washed in white Wine , and gently bruised , of Juniper-berries , two ounces , of Nutmegs sliced , number two , hang the bag in the Vessel , and put a piece of Steel in it to make it s●●k . If there be any suspicion of the Scurvy , you may add of Water-cresses and Brooklime , each two handfuls , after a fortnight , let it be drunk for the ordinary drink . But the Medicine , which is most approved in this Disease , is Ens veneris , five or six grains of it may be taken every Night at Bedtime in half a spoonful of Syrup of Gill●flowers . If the Lungs are stopped with viscid Humours , as happens often , and the Mesentery with scrophulous Glands , three or four drops of Balsom of Sulphur mixed with Sugar-candy powdered , may be given Morning and Evening . Note , Steel must not be given in Coughs , Plurises , a stoppage of the Lungs , nor when there is a Hectic Fever . The Bath water is very proper , and is excellent to take off the swelling of the Belly ; the following artisicial Bath as much commended . Place the Sick in a large Vessel , and put round him warm Barley Fermented , which has been a while infused in boiled water , as is usually done for making Beer , cover him well , and let him abide in it to provoke sweat . Regard must be had to the Symptoms coming upon this Disease , the most frequent whereof is a Looseness : for the cure of which , gentle Purgers , as an infusion of Rhubarb , Tamarinds , and Sanders , or a Bolus made of them is of use , and sometimes astringents and gentle Opiats may be used ; but Purging must go before . Sometimes immoderate sweating afflicts the child , which if it follow a Feverish Fit is critical , and ought not to be rashly stopt : but if it flow in ordinately , it is a sign , that the Body is oppressed with ill Humours ; therefore this sort of sweat must be corrected by a gentle Purge , especially with Rhubarb . Apperitives also , and such things as help Concoction must not be omitted . Breeding of the Teeth difficultly is familiar to this Disease , and often occasions a Fever ; in which case , gentle evacuations , especially by Glisters , must be made ; and sometimes it is necessary to cut the Gums , to make way for the Teeth , and to apply a Blister behind the Ears ; and if there be great pain and watchings , Hypnoticks must be used , as a dram or two of Diacodium in a spoonful of Cowslip water . External things must be used , as Exercises of all sorts , and if the Child be able , walking srequently , if not , he must Play sitting , or be carried about in the Nurses Arms , or the like . Frictions are also good in this case , with warm Flannel the Parts to be rubbed are the Spine , which is primarly affected , and the Muscular parts : but you must not rub the Bones where they stick out , the Concave parts of the Bones , you must . Ligatures are also of use , which are to be made above the Knee , and above the Elbow ; but they ought to be soft and loose . Boots are also of use : but you must take care that they press a little upon the Protuberant part of the Bone , and scarce touch the Cavity . Bodice are also to be used , to keep the Body up-right . Swinging is also necessary . A Formentation of all sorts of Wine , and common Aqua Vita is also very good for this purpose to corroberate the nervous Parts , which must be used for the weak Parts , and especially for the Spine : which being done , the Parts must be ●●ointed with Oyl , or some proper Ointment , which we shall mention by and by ; and instead of Wine , the following Decoction may be used . Take of the Roots of Osmund Royal , or of Male-fern , three ounces , of the Leaves of Bettony , Sage , Rosemary , Marjoram , Water-cresses , each one handful , of the Flowers of Cammomile , Melilot , and Elder , each one pugil , of the Berries of Lawrel , and Juniper , each half an ounce ; boil them in a sufficient quantity of Fountain water to a quart , add of white Wine , or of common Aqua Vitae , one pint . Keep the strained Liquor for use . Take of the Leaves of Elder , Lawrel , Marjorum , Sage , Rosemary , Bettony , and the tops of Lavender ; each two handfuls , of the Berries of Juniper , and Lawrel , each one ounce ; cut them and bruise them , and put them into a pot , with three pound of May Butter , or of Fresh Butter , and add to them half a pint of Aqua Vitae , and while the strained Liquor is hot , add half an ounce of Oyl of Nutmegs by expression , and one dram of Peruvian Balsom , mix them , make an Ointment . Instead of May Butter , Beef Marrow , or Deers Suet , and Oyl of Worms , or Oyl of Foxes ; each one pound and an half may be used . The Ointment must be applied warm , before a hot Fire , and the Parts must be rubbed with a warm hand , till they are dry . If the Belly be hard and swelled , the following Ointment must be applied . Take of the Oyls of Capers , Worm-wood , and Elder , each one ounce , of the Ointment above prescribed , one ounce and an half ; of Gumm Ammoniacum dissolved in Vinegar , half an ounce , make a Linement whilst the Ointments are applied to the Hypochondres , the Bowels must be handled by the Nurse . If the Lungs are affected , the Breast must be anointed with some pectoral Ointment , or with the Ointment of Marshmallows , and at the time of Unction , a little Oyl of Nntmegs by expression may be mixed with it . Chap. XXXV . Of Chilarens Wasting . THough the wasting of Children may be reserred generally to the Diseases of Children , yet I think it necessary to mention it here ; because Children wax extreamly Lean , without any manifest cause , whereas the adult seldom grow Lean , but by reason of a Fever , a Consumption , or some other manifest Disease . Perhaps it may happen by a fault in the Milk , or for want of Milk ; and sometimes Children wast much with one Nurse , but being remove to another , thrive well . Worms may be also the cause , for they destroy the nourishment ; and so sufficient Blood cannot be generated for the nourishment of the Body ; and if Blood should be generated , and transmitted thro' the Veins to the whole Body , yet if there are Worms in the Back , Arms , Legs , and almost over the whole Body , and there are so sometimes ; the nourishment will be devoured by them . 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