Sir Walter Raleigh's observations, touching trade & commerce with the Hollander, and other nations, as it was presented to K. James wherein is proved, that our sea and land commodities serve to inrich and strengthen other countries against our owne ...
         Observations, touching trade & commerce with the Hollander, and other nations
         Raleigh, Walter, Sir, 1552?-1618.
      
       
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         ESTC R9825
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         ocm 12147673
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             Sir Walter Raleigh's observations, touching trade & commerce with the Hollander, and other nations, as it was presented to K. James wherein is proved, that our sea and land commodities serve to inrich and strengthen other countries against our owne ...
             Observations, touching trade & commerce with the Hollander, and other nations
             Raleigh, Walter, Sir, 1552?-1618.
             Vaughan, Robert.
             James I, King of England, 1566-1625.
          
           [8], 80 p. : port.
           
             Printed by T.H. and are to be sold by William Sheeres ...,
             London :
             1653.
          
           
             Portrait engraved by Ro. Vaughan.
             Reproduction of original in Yale University Library.
             "The seat of government": p. 65-71; "Observations concerning the causes of the magnificency and opulency of cities": p. 73-76; "Safety for defence of the people and their goods": p. 77-80.
          
        
      
    
     
       
         eng
      
       
         
           Great Britain -- Commerce.
           Great Britain -- Commercial policy.
        
      
    
       A47319  R9825  (Wing K391).  civilwar no Sir Walter Raleigh's observations, touching trade & commerce with the Hollander, and other nations, as it was presented to K. James. Wherein Raleigh, Walter, Sir 1653    11702 245 0 0 0 0 0 209 F  The  rate of 209 defects per 10,000 words puts this text in the F category of texts with  100 or more defects per 10,000 words. 
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             Tam
             
               Marti
               ,
            
             Quam
             Mercurio
             .
          
           
             
               The
               Ho.ble
               and
               learned
               Knight
            
          
           
             
               Sr.
               Walter
               Raleigh
               .
            
          
           
             
               Ro
               Vaughan
               〈◊〉
            
          
        
         
         
           SIR
           WALTER
           RALEIGH'S
           OBSERVATIONS
           ,
           TOUCHING
           Trade
           &
           Commerce
           with
           the
           HOLLANDER
           ,
           and
           other
           Nations
           ,
           as
           it
           was
           presented
           to
           K.
           JAMES
           .
        
         
           Wherein
           is
           proved
           ,
           that
           our
           Sea
           and
           Land
           Commodities
           serve
           to
           inrich
           and
           strengthen
           other
           Countries
           against
           our
           owne
           .
        
         
           With
           other
           Passages
           of
           high
           Concernment
           .
        
         
           LONDON
           ,
           Printed
           by
           T.
           H.
           and
           are
           to
           be
           sold
           by
           WILLIAM
           SHEERES
           ,
           at
           the
           sign
           of
           the
           3
           〈◊〉
           ,
           over
           against
           the
           North
           door
           of
           S.
           〈◊〉
           ,
           1653.
           
        
      
       
       
       
         
           THE
           PRINTER
           TO
           THE
           READER
           .
        
         
           
             Reader
             :
          
        
         
           THou
           hast
           here
           presented
           to
           thy
           view
           ,
           a
           most
           rare
           and
           excellent
           Piece
           ,
           both
           for
           judgement
           and
           experience
           ,
           by
           a
           most
           incomparable
           hand
           ,
           shewing
           the
           cōmodities
           of
           all
           Christian
           Nations
           ,
           their
           Traffique
           with
           one
           another
           ,
           together
           with
           their
           severall
           Merchandizes
           ,
           
           as
           also
           the
           value
           of
           their
           severall
           Coins
           .
           It
           was
           in
           the
           beginning
           of
           K.
           
             James
          
           his
           time
           presented
           un●…o
           him
           ,
           and
           being
           at
           that
           time
           laid
           aside
           ,
           in
           regard
           of
           more
           urgent
           affairs
           ,
           it
           was
           (
           after
           divers
           years
           )
           again
           presented
           ;
           but
           though
           then
           wanting
           a
           good
           prosecutor
           ,
           the
           Authour
           being
           taken
           away
           by
           death
           ,
           it
           was
           carefully
           preserved
           by
           the
           hands
           of
           a
           very
           learned
           Gentleman
           ,
           my
           singular
           good
           friend
           ,
           untill
           this
           time
           :
           Who
           esteeming
           very
           highly
           of
           so
           rich
           a
           Jewell
           as
           this
           ,
           was
           very
           hardly
           perswaded
           to
           suffer
           the
           same
           to
           be
           exposed
           to
           publique
           view
           .
           But
           by
           my
           extraordinary
           solicitation
           ,
           and
           for
           that
           I
           was
           very
           sorry
           the
           World
           should
           be
           deprived
           of
           so
           excellent
           a
           Piece
           ,
           and
           for
           the
           benefit
           of
           this
           Nation
           ,
           in
           regard
           of
           the
           〈◊〉
           
           Commodities
           for
           Trade
           and
           Traffique
           ,
           which
           other
           Countries
           want
           ,
           and
           do
           receive
           from
           us
           ,
           as
           also
           what
           benefit
           our
           own
           Merchants
           might
           make
           ,
           to
           their
           more
           far
           advantage
           ,
           and
           to
           the
           setting
           many
           thousands
           of
           our
           poor
           people
           on
           work
           ,
           he
           was
           the
           more
           willingly
           induced
           to
           hearken
           to
           divulging
           of
           the
           same
           .
           Wherin
           what
           benefit
           thou
           shalt
           find
           from
           hence
           (
           which
           I
           know
           to
           bee
           exceeding
           great
           )
           thou
           must
           assuredly
           acknowledge
           the
           same
           to
           proceed
           from
           him
           who
           hath
           so
           freely
           imparted
           it
           to
           thee
           for
           thy
           great
           benefit
           and
           satisfaction
           .
           Let
           me
           intreat
           thee
           therefore
           (
           good
           Reader
           )
           to
           peruse
           it
           over
           ,
           and
           I
           doubt
           not
           but
           thou
           shalt
           find
           extraordinary
           profit
           and
           contentment
           .
           And
           in
           the
           perusall
           whereof
           ,
           consider
           likewise
           with
           thy selfe
           ,
           what
           
           an
           innumerable
           benefit
           might
           have
           been
           raised
           since
           these
           few
           Observations
           were
           presented
           ,
           had
           they
           been
           carefully
           put
           in
           execution
           ,
           for
           the
           great
           good
           ,
           and
           infinitely
           enriching
           of
           this
           Nation
           ,
           the
           mighty
           encrease
           of
           Shipping
           and
           M●…rriners
           ;
           the
           neglect
           of
           which
           ,
           or
           the
           like
           good
           observations
           ,
           hath
           been
           the
           occasion
           of
           the
           height
           of
           other
           petty
           States
           ,
           and
           the
           impoverishing
           of
           our
           owne
           ,
           as
           sad
           experience
           tels
           us
           .
        
         
           As
           also
           what
           infinite
           vast
           sums
           of
           Treasure
           hath
           been
           gained
           by
           S●…rangers
           fishing
           upon
           our
           Coasts
           ,
           which
           Fish
           hath
           been
           carried
           all
           the
           world
           over
           ,
           as
           also
           divers
           other
           of
           our
           Land-commodities
           ,
           to
           the
           great
           inriching
           of
           them
           that
           have
           none
           of
           their
           owne
           ,
           and
           a
           great
           scan●…ll
           to
           our
           Nation
           ,
           so
           that
           scarce
           the
           
           name
           of
           our
           owne
           commodites
           is
           attributed
           unto
           us
           .
           I
           heartily
           wish
           ,
           that
           those
           who
           governe
           our
           Sterne
           would
           but
           take
           notice
           hereof
           ,
           and
           accordingly
           apply
           such
           wholsome
           remedies
           as
           their
           Wisdomes
           should
           think
           meet
           ,
           for
           prevention
           of
           so
           far
           grown
           a
           mischiefe
           ,
           and
           for
           the
           future
           to
           hearken
           to
           these
           or
           the
           like
           Directions
           ,
           which
           would
           make
           our
           Nation
           infinitely
           flourish
           ,
           and
           abate
           the
           insolencies
           of
           such
           as
           have
           beene
           sheltred
           and
           grown
           rich
           and
           potent
           by
           the
           only
           means
           of
           this
           Nation
           .
           Thus
           (
           gentle
           Reader
           )
           desiring
           ,
           and
           heartily
           wishing
           the
           good
           and
           welfare
           of
           my
           Countrey
           ,
           I
           have
           sent
           this
           s●…
           all
           Piece
           (
           though
           great
           in
           worth
           )
           into
           the
           World
           ,
           for
           thy
           benefit
           ,
           wishing
           thee
           to
           accept
           it
           with
           as
           good
           a
           heart
           as
           it
           is
           presented
           ,
           by
           him
           who
           is
           
             Thine
             to
             serve
             thee
             .
             T.
             H.
             
          
        
      
    
     
       
       
       
         
           M●…y
           it
           please
           your
           most
           excellent
           Majesty
           .
        
         
           ACcording
           to
           my
           ●…ie
           ,
           I
           am
           imboldned
           〈◊〉
           〈◊〉
           yourMajesty
           in
           minde
           ,
           that
           about
           fourteen
           or
           fifteen
           yeares
           ●…ast
           ,
           I
           presented
           you
           a
           Book
           of
           such
           extraordinary
           importance
           ,
           for
           honour
           and
           profit
           of
           your
           Majestie
           and
           posteritie
           ,
           and
           doubting
           that
           it
           hath
           been
           laid
           asid●…
           and
           not
           considered
           of
           ,
           I
           am
           incouraged
           (
           under
           your
           Majesties
           pardon
           )
           to
           present
           unto
           you
           one
           more
           ,
           consisting
           of
           five
           propositions
           ,
           neither
           are
           they
           grounded
           upon
           vaine
           or
           idle
           grounds
           ,
           but
           upon
           the
           fruition
           of
           those
           wonderfull
           
           blessings
           ,
           wherewith
           God
           hath
           indued
           your
           Majesties
           Sea
           and
           Land
           ;
           by
           which
           means
           ,
           you
           may
           not
           only
           inrich
           and
           fill
           your
           Coffers
           ,
           but
           also
           increase
           such
           might
           and
           strength
           (
           as
           shall
           appeare
           ,
           if
           it
           may
           stand
           with
           your
           Majesties
           good
           liking
           to
           put
           the
           same
           in
           execution
           in
           the
           true
           and
           right
           forme
           :
           )
           so
           that
           there
           is
           no
           doubt
           but
           it
           will
           make
           you
           in
           short
           time
           a
           Prince
           of
           such
           power
           so
           great
           ,
           as
           shall
           make
           all
           the
           Princes
           your
           neighbours
           ,
           as
           well
           glad
           of
           your
           friendship
           ,
           as
           fearfull
           to
           offend
           you
           .
           That
           this
           is
           so
           ,
           I
           humbly
           desire
           that
           your
           Majestie
           will
           vouchsafe
           to
           peruse
           this
           advertisement
           with
           that
           care
           and
           judgement
           which
           God
           hath
           given
           you
           .
        
         
           Most
           humbly
           praying
           your
           Majesty
           ,
           that
           whereas
           I
           presented
           
           these
           five
           Propositions
           together
           ,
           as
           in
           their
           own
           natures
           ,
           〈◊〉
           depending
           one
           of
           another
           ,
           and
           so
           linked
           together
           ,
           as
           the
           distraction
           of
           any
           one
           wil
           be
           an
           apparant
           maim
           and
           disabling
           to
           the
           rest
           .
           That
           your
           Majesty
           would
           be
           pleased
           that
           they
           may
           not
           be
           separated
           ,
           but
           all
           handled
           together
           jointly
           and
           severally
           by
           Commissioners
           ,
           with
           as
           much
           speed
           and
           secrecy
           as
           can
           be
           ,
           and
           made
           fit
           to
           be
           reported
           to
           your
           Majesty
           ,
           whereby
           I
           may
           be
           the
           better
           able
           to
           performe
           to
           your
           Highnesse
           that
           which
           I
           have
           promised
           and
           will
           performe
           upon
           my
           life
           ,
           if
           I
           be
           not
           prevented
           by
           some
           that
           may
           seek
           to
           hinder
           the
           honour
           and
           
           profit
           of
           your
           Majestie
           for
           their
           own
           private
           ends
           .
        
         
           
             THe
             true
             ground
             ,
             course
             ,
             and
             forme
             herein
             mentioned
             shall
             app●…are
             how
             other
             Countries
             make
             themselves
             powersull
             and
             rich
             in
             all
             kindes
             ,
             by
             Merchandize
             ,
             Manufactory
             ,
             and
             sulnesse
             of
             Trade
             ,
             having
             no
             Commodities
             in
             their
             own
             Countrey
             growing
             to
             do
             it
             withall
             .
          
           
             And
             herein
             likewise
             shall
             appear
             how
             easie
             it
             is
             to
             draw
             the
             wealth
             and
             strength
             of
             other
             Countries
             to
             your
             Kingdome
             ,
             and
             what
             royall
             ,
             rich
             ,
             and
             plentifull
             means
             God
             hath
             given
             this
             Land
             to
             do
             it
             (
             which
             cannot
             be
             denied
             )
             for
             support
             of
             trafficque
             and
             continuall
             imployment
             
             of
             your
             People
             for
             replenishing
             of
             your
             Majesties
             Coffers
             .
          
           
             And
             if
             I
             were
             not
             fully
             assured
             to
             improve
             your
             native
             Commodities
             ,
             with
             other
             traffick
             ,
             three
             millions
             of
             pounds
             more
             yearly
             then
             now
             they
             are
             ,
             and
             to
             bring
             not
             only
             to
             your
             Majesties
             Coffers
             within
             the
             space
             of
             two
             or
             three
             years
             near
             two
             millions
             of
             pounds
             ;
             but
             to
             increase
             your
             Revenues
             many
             thousands
             yearly
             ,
             and
             to
             please
             and
             greatly
             profit
             your
             people
             ,
             I
             would
             not
             have
             undertaken
             so
             great
             a
             work
             :
             All
             which
             wil
             grow
             by
             advancement
             of
             all
             kind
             of
             Merchandizing
             to
             the
             uttermost
             ,
             thereby
             to
             bring
             Manufactory
             into
             the
             Kingdome
             ,
             and
             to
             set
             on
             worke
             all
             sorts
             of
             people
             in
             the
             Realm
             ,
             as
             other
             Nations
             do
             ,
             which
             raise
             their
             greatnesse
             by
             the
             abundance
             of
             your
             
             native
             commodities
             :
             whilst
             we
             are
             parling
             and
             disputing
             whether
             it
             be
             good
             for
             us
             or
             not
             .
          
        
         
           
             May
             it
             please
             your
             most
             excellent
             Majesty
             .
          
           
             I
             Have
             diligently
             in
             my
             Travels
             observed
             how
             the
             Countreys
             herein
             mentioned
             doe
             grow
             potent
             with
             abundāce
             of
             all
             things
             to
             serve
             themselves
             and
             other
             Nations
             ,
             where
             nothing
             groweth
             ,
             and
             that
             their
             never
             dried
             fountains
             of
             wealth
             ,
             by
             which
             they
             raise
             their
             estate
             to
             such
             an
             admirable
             height
             ,
             as
             that
             they
             are
             at
             this
             day
             even
             a
             wonder
             to
             the
             world
             ,
             proceedth
             from
             your
             〈◊〉
             Seas
             and
             Lands
             .
          
           
             I
             thus
             moved
             ,
             began
             to
             dive
             into
             
             the
             depth
             of
             their
             policies
             and
             circumventing
             〈◊〉
             ,
             wh●…reby
             they
             drain
             and
             still
             covet
             to
             exhaust
             the
             wealth
             and
             coin
             of
             this
             Kingdome
             ,
             and
             so
             with
             our
             owne
             commodities
             to
             weaken
             us
             ,
             and
             finally
             beat
             us
             quite
             out
             of
             trading
             in
             other
             Countreys
             ;
             I
             found
             that
             they
             more
             fully
             obtained
             these
             their
             purposes
             by
             their
             convenient
             priviledges
             ,
             and
             settled
             constitutions
             ,
             then
             England
             with
             all
             the
             Lawes
             ,
             and
             superabundance
             of
             hombred
             commodities
             which
             God
             hath
             vouchsafed
             your
             Sea
             and
             Land
             :
             And
             these
             ,
             and
             other
             mentioned
             in
             this
             booke
             ,
             are
             the
             urgent
             causes
             that
             provoked
             me
             in
             my
             love
             and
             bounden
             duty
             to
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             and
             my
             Countrey
             ,
             to
             addr●…sse
             my
             former
             Books
             to
             your
             princely
             hands
             and
             consiideration
             .
          
           
             By
             which
             Priviledges
             they
             draw
             multitudes
             of
             Merchants
             to
             Trade
             with
             them
             ,
             and
             many
             other
             Nations
             to
             inhabite
             amongst
             them
             ,
             which
             
             makes
             them
             p●…pulous
             ,
             and
             there
             they
             make
             Store-houses
             of
             all
             forraign
             Commodities
             ,
             where
             with
             upon
             every
             occasion
             of
             scarcity
             and
             dearth
             ,
             they
             are
             able
             to
             furnish
             forrain
             Countries
             with
             plentie
             of
             those
             〈◊〉
             ,
             which
             before
             in
             time
             of
             plenty
             they
             ingrossed
             ,
             &
             brought
             home
             from
             the
             same
             places
             ,
             wch
             doth
             greatly
             augment
             power
             &
             treasure
             to
             their
             State
             ,
             besides
             the
             common
             good
             in
             setting
             their
             poore
             and
             people
             on
             worke
             .
          
           
             To
             which
             priviledges
             they
             adde
             smailnesse
             of
             custome
             ,
             and
             lib●…rty
             of
             Trade
             ,
             which
             maketh
             them
             florish
             ,
             and
             their
             Countrey
             so
             plentifull
             of
             all
             kinde
             of
             Coyne
             and
             Commodities
             ,
             where
             little
             or
             nothing
             groweth
             ,
             and
             their
             Merchants
             so
             florish
             ,
             that
             when
             a
             losse
             cometh
             they
             scarce
             feel
             it
             .
          
           
             To
             bring
             this
             to
             pass
             ,
             they
             have
             many
             advantages
             of
             us
             ,
             the
             one
             is
             ,
             by
             their
             fashioned
             Ships
             called
             Boye●…s
             ,
             Hoybarks
             ,
             Hoyes
             ,
             and
             others
             ,
             that
             
             are
             made
             to
             hold
             great
             bulke
             of
             Merchandize
             ,
             and
             to
             saile
             with
             a
             few
             men
             for
             profit
             :
             For
             example
             ,
             though
             a
             English
             Ship
             of
             two
             hundred
             Tuns
             ,
             and
             a
             Holland
             Ship
             ,
             or
             any
             other
             of
             the
             petty
             States
             of
             the
             same
             burthen
             be
             at
             Danske
             ,
             or
             any
             other
             place
             beyond
             the
             Seas
             ,
             or
             in
             England
             ,
             they
             do
             serve
             the
             Merchant
             better
             cheap
             by
             one
             hundred
             pounds
             in
             his
             fraight
             ,
             than
             we
             can
             ,
             by
             reason
             hee
             hath
             but
             nine
             or
             ten
             Marriners
             ,
             and
             we
             neare
             thirty
             ;
             thus
             he
             saveth
             twenty
             mens
             meat
             and
             wages
             in
             a
             voyage
             ,
             and
             so
             in
             all
             other
             their
             ships
             ,
             according
             to
             their
             burden
             ,
             by
             which
             means
             they
             are
             fraighted
             wheresoever
             they
             come
             ,
             to
             great
             profit
             ,
             whilst
             our
             Ships
             ly
             still
             &
             decay
             ,
             or
             go
             to
             Newcastle
             for
             Coales
             .
          
           
             Of
             this
             their
             smallnesse
             of
             custome
             inwards
             and
             outwards
             ,
             we
             have
             daily
             experience
             ;
             for
             if
             two
             〈◊〉
             ships
             ,
             or
             two
             of
             any
             other
             Nation
             bee
             at
             Burdeaux
             ,
             both
             laden
             with
             wine
             of
             
             three
             hundred
             Tuns
             a
             p●…ce
             ,
             the
             one
             bound
             for
             Holland
             ,
             or
             any
             other
             petty
             States
             ,
             the
             other
             for
             〈◊〉
             ,
             the
             Merchant
             shall
             p●…y
             about
             nine
             hundred
             pound
             custome
             here
             ,
             and
             other
             duties
             ,
             when
             the
             other
             in
             Holland
             ,
             or
             any
             other
             petty
             States
             ,
             shall
             be
             cleared
             for
             lesse
             then
             fifty
             pound
             ,
             and
             so
             in
             all
             other
             wares
             and
             〈◊〉
             accordingly
             ,
             which
             draw●…s
             all
             Nations
             to
             traffick
             with
             them
             ;
             and
             although
             it
             seems
             but
             small
             duties
             which
             they
             receiv●…
             ,
             yet
             the
             multitudes
             of
             all
             kind
             of
             Commodities
             and
             Coyne
             that
             is
             brought
             in
             by
             〈◊〉
             and
             others
             ,
             and
             carried
             out
             by
             themselves
             and
             others
             ,
             is
             so
             great
             ,
             that
             they
             receive
             more
             custome
             and
             du●…ies
             to
             the
             State
             ,
             by
             the
             greatnesse
             of
             their
             commerce
             in
             one
             yeare
             ,
             then
             England
             doth
             in
             two
             years
             ;
             for
             the
             one
             hundredth
             part
             of
             Commoditi●…s
             are
             not
             spent
             in
             Holland
             ,
             but
             vented
             into
             other
             Countries
             ,
             which
             maketh
             all
             the
             Countrey
             Merchants
             ,
             
             to
             buy
             and
             s●…ll
             ,
             and
             increase
             Ships
             and
             〈◊〉
             to
             transport
             them
             .
          
           
             My
             travells
             and
             meaning
             is
             not
             to
             diminish
             (
             neither
             hath
             been
             )
             your
             Majesties
             Revenues
             ,
             but
             exceedingly
             to
             increase
             them
             ,
             as
             shall
             appeare
             ,
             and
             yet
             please
             the
             people
             ,
             as
             in
             other
             parts
             they
             do
             .
          
           
             Notwithstanding
             ,
             their
             Excises
             brings
             them
             in
             great
             Revenues
             ,
             yet
             whosoever
             will
             adventure
             to
             〈◊〉
             but
             for
             six
             Tuns
             of
             Wine
             ,
             shall
             be
             free
             of
             Excise
             in
             his
             owne
             house
             all
             the
             yeere
             long
             ;
             and
             this
             is
             done
             of
             pu●…pose
             to
             annimate
             and
             increase
             M●…rchants
             in
             their
             Countrey
             .
          
           
             And
             if
             it
             happen
             that
             a
             Trade
             bestopped
             by
             any
             forraign
             Nation
             ,
             which
             they
             heretofore
             〈◊〉
             had
             ,
             or
             〈◊〉
             of
             any
             good
             Trading
             which
             they
             never
             had
             ,
             they
             will
             hinder
             others
             ,
             and
             s●…ek
             either
             by
             favour
             ,
             money
             ,
             or
             force
             ,
             to
             〈◊〉
             the
             gap
             of
             Traffick
             for
             advancement
             
             of
             Trade
             amongst
             themselves
             ,
             and
             imployment
             of
             their
             people
             .
          
           
             And
             when
             there
             is
             a
             new
             course
             or
             Trade
             erected
             ,
             they
             give
             free
             custome
             inwards
             and
             outwards
             ,
             for
             the
             better
             maintenance
             of
             Navigation
             ,
             and
             incouragement
             of
             the
             people
             to
             that
             businesse
             .
          
           
             Thus
             they
             and
             others
             gleane
             the
             wealth
             and
             strength
             from
             us
             to
             themselves
             ,
             and
             these
             reasons
             following
             procures
             them
             this
             advantage
             of
             us
             .
          
           
             
               1.
               
               The
               Merchant
               Staplers
               which
               make
               all
               things
               in
               abundance
               .
               by
               reason
               of
               their
               Store-houses
               continually
               replenished
               with
               all
               kinde
               of
               Commodities
               .
            
             
               2.
               
               The
               liberty
               of
               free
               Traffick
               for
               strangers
               to
               buy
               and
               sell
               in
               Holland
               ,
               and
               other
               Countreys
               and
               States
               ,
               as
               if
               they
               were
               free-borne
               ,
               maketh
               great
               int●…rcourse
               .
            
             
               3.
               
               The
               small
               duties
               levied
               upon
               Merchants
               ,
               drawes
               all
               Nations
               to
               trade
               with
               them
               .
            
             
             
               4.
               
               Their
               fashioned
               Ships
               continually
               fraighted
               before
               ours
               by
               reason
               of
               their
               few
               Marriners
               ,
               and
               great
               bulke
               ,
               serving
               the
               Merchant
               cheap
               .
            
             
               5.
               
               Their
               forwardnesse
               to
               further
               all
               manner
               of
               trading
               .
            
             
               6.
               
               Their
               wonderfull
               imployment
               of
               their
               Busses
               for
               fishing
               ,
               and
               the
               great
               returns
               they
               make
               .
            
             
               7.
               
               Their
               giving
               free
               Custome
               inwards
               and
               outwards
               ,
               for
               any
               new
               erect●…d
               Trade
               ,
               by
               means
               whereof
               they
               have
               gotten
               already
               almost
               the
               sole
               Trade
               into
               their
               hands
               .
            
          
           
             All
             Nations
             may
             buy
             and
             sell
             freely
             in
             France
             ,
             and
             there
             is
             free
             custome
             outwards
             twice
             or
             thrice
             in
             a
             yeare
             ,
             at
             which
             time
             our
             Merchants
             themselves
             doe
             make
             their
             great
             sales
             of
             English
             Commodities
             ,
             and
             doe
             buy
             and
             lade
             their
             great
             bulke
             of
             French
             Commodities
             to
             serve
             for
             the
             whole
             yeare
             ;
             and
             in
             Rochell
             ,
             in
             France
             ,
             and
             in
             Britain
             ,
             free
             custome
             all
             the
             yeare
             
             long
             ,
             except
             some
             small
             Toll
             ,
             which
             makes
             great
             Traffick
             ,
             and
             maketh
             them
             flor●…sh
             ,
          
           
             In
             Denmarke
             to
             inc●…urage
             and
             inrich
             the
             Merchants
             ,
             and
             to
             increase
             Ships
             and
             Marriners
             ,
             free
             custome
             all
             the
             yeare
             long
             for
             their
             owne
             Merchants
             ,
             except
             one
             M●…neth
             between
             
               Bartholomew
               tide
            
             and
             
               Micha●…lmass
               .
            
          
           
             The
             Haunce
             Townes
             have
             advantage
             of
             us
             ,
             as
             Holland
             ,
             and
             other
             petty
             States
             have
             ,
             and
             in
             most
             things
             imitate
             them
             ,
             which
             makes
             them
             exceeding
             rich
             and
             plentifull
             of
             all
             kind
             of
             Commodities
             and
             Coyne
             ,
             and
             so
             strong
             in
             ships
             and
             Marriners
             ,
             that
             some
             of
             their
             Towns
             have
             neare
             one
             thousand
             sail
             of
             Ships
          
           
             The
             Marchandiz●…s
             of
             France
             ,
             Portugall
             ,
             Spaine
             ,
             Italy
             ,
             Turkey
             ,
             East
             and
             West
             Indies
             ,
             are
             transported
             most
             by
             the
             Hollanders
             and
             other
             petty
             States
             into
             the
             East
             and
             North-East
             K●…ngdomes
             of
             Pomerland
             ,
             Spruceland
             ,
             
             Poland
             ,
             Denmark
             ,
             Sweathland
             ,
             Leisland
             ,
             and
             Germany
             ,
             and
             the
             Merchandizes
             brought
             from
             the
             last
             mentioned
             Kingdomes
             ,
             being
             wonderfull
             m●…ny
             ,
             are
             likewise
             by
             the
             Holland●…rs
             and
             other
             petty
             States
             most
             transported
             into
             the
             Southern
             and
             Westerne
             Dominions
             ,
             and
             yet
             the
             situation
             of
             E●…gland
             lyeth
             far
             better
             for
             a
             Store-house
             to
             serve
             the
             Southern
             East
             and
             North-East
             Regions
             ,
             than
             theirs
             doth
             ,
             and
             hath
             far
             better
             meanes
             to
             doe
             it
             ,
             if
             we
             will
             bend
             our
             course
             for
             it
             .
          
           
             No
             sooner
             a
             dearth
             of
             F●…sh
             ,
             Wine
             ,
             or
             Corn
             here
             ,
             and
             other
             Merchandize
             ,
             〈◊〉
             forth
             with
             the
             Embdoners
             ,
             Hamburgers
             ,
             a●…d
             Hollanders
             ,
             out
             of
             their
             Store-houses
             lade
             fifty
             ,
             or
             one
             hundred
             ships
             ,
             or
             more
             ,
             dispersing
             themselves
             round
             about
             this
             Kingdome
             ,
             and
             carry
             away
             great
             store
             of
             coyne
             and
             wealth
             for
             little
             commodity
             in
             those
             times
             of
             dearth
             ,
             by
             which
             meanes
             they
             suck
             our
             Common-wealth
             of
             
             their
             riches
             ,
             cut
             down
             our
             Merchants
             ,
             and
             decay
             our
             Navigation
             ,
             not
             with
             their
             naturall
             commodities
             which
             groweth
             in
             their
             own
             Countries
             ,
             but
             the
             Merchandizes
             of
             other
             Countreys
             and
             Kingdomes
             .
          
           
             Therefore
             it
             is
             farre
             more
             easier
             to
             serve
             themselves
             ,
             hold
             up
             our
             Merchants
             ,
             and
             increase
             our
             Ships
             and
             〈◊〉
             ,
             and
             strengthen
             the
             Kingdome
             ,
             and
             not
             onely
             keep
             our
             money
             in
             our
             owne
             R●…alme
             ,
             which
             other
             Nations
             still
             rob
             us
             of
             ,
             but
             bring
             in
             theirs
             who
             carrie
             ours
             away
             ,
             and
             make
             the
             banke
             of
             Coyne
             and
             Store-house
             to
             serve
             other
             Nations
             as
             well
             and
             far
             better
             cheap
             than
             they
             .
          
           
             Amsterdam
             is
             never
             without
             seven
             hundred
             thousand
             Quarters
             of
             Corn
             ,
             besid●…s
             the
             plenty
             they
             daily
             vent
             ,
             and
             none
             of
             this
             groweth
             in
             their
             owne
             Countrey
             :
             a
             dearth
             in
             England
             ,
             France
             ,
             Spaine
             ,
             Italy
             ,
             Portugall
             ,
             and
             other
             places
             ,
             is
             truly
             observed
             to
             inrich
             
             Holland
             seven
             yeeres
             after
             ,
             and
             likewise
             the
             petty
             States
             .
          
           
             For
             example
             ,
             the
             last
             Dearth
             six
             years
             p●…st
             ,
             the
             Hamburgers
             ,
             Embdeners
             ,
             and
             Hollanders
             out
             of
             their
             Store-houses
             furnished
             this
             Kingdom
             ,
             and
             from
             Southampton
             ,
             Exeter
             ,
             and
             Bristow
             ,
             in
             a
             yeare
             and
             a
             halfe
             they
             carri●…d
             away
             near
             two
             hundred
             thousand
             p●…unds
             from
             these
             parts
             onely
             ;
             then
             what
             great
             quantitie
             of
             coyns
             was
             transported
             round
             about
             your
             Kingdome
             from
             every
             Port
             Towne
             ,
             and
             from
             your
             City
             of
             London
             ,
             and
             other
             Cities
             cannot
             be
             esteemed
             so
             little
             as
             two
             millions
             ,
             to
             the
             great
             decay
             of
             your
             Kingdom
             ,
             and
             impoverishing
             your
             people
             ,
             discredit
             to
             the
             Company
             of
             Merchants
             ,
             and
             dishonour
             to
             the
             Land
             ,
             that
             any
             Nation
             that
             have
             no
             Corne
             in
             their
             owne
             Countrey
             growing
             ,
             should
             serve
             this
             famous
             Kingdome
             ,
             which
             God
             hath
             so
             inabled
             within
             it selfe
             .
          
           
           
             They
             have
             a
             continuall
             Trade
             into
             this
             Kingdome
             with
             five
             or
             six
             hundred
             Ships
             yeerly
             ,
             with
             Merchandizes
             of
             other
             Countreys
             and
             Kingdomes
             ,
             and
             store
             them
             up
             in
             store-hous●…s
             here
             untill
             the
             prices
             rise
             to
             their
             mindes
             ,
             and
             we
             trade
             not
             with
             fif●…
             ships
             into
             their
             Countrey
             in
             a
             yeare
             ,
             and
             〈◊〉
             said
             number
             are
             about
             thi●…
             R●…
             every
             〈◊〉
             winde
             for
             the
             most
             ●…rt
             to
             lade
             Coales
             and
             other
             〈◊〉
             .
          
           
             Unlesse
             there
             be
             a
             scarcity
             〈◊〉
             dearth
             ,
             or
             high
             prices
             ,
             all
             Merchants
             doe
             forbeare
             that
             place
             wh●…re
             great
             impositions
             are
             laid
             upon
             the
             Merchandize
             ,
             and
             those
             places
             slenderly
             shipp●…d
             ,
             ill
             serv●…d
             and
             at
             deer
             ra
             es
             ,
             and
             oftentimes
             in
             scarci●…y
             ,
             and
             want
             imployment
             for
             the
             people
             ;
             and
             those
             petty
             States
             finding
             truly
             by
             experience
             that
             small
             duti●…
             imposed
             upon
             M●…rchandize
             draw●…th
             all
             Trafficke
             unto
             them
             ,
             and
             free
             liberty
             for
             strangers
             to
             buy
             and
             sell
             doth
             make
             continua'l
             
             Mart
             ;
             therefore
             what
             Excizes
             or
             Impositions
             are
             laid
             upon
             the
             Common-people
             ,
             yet
             they
             still
             ease
             ,
             uphold
             and
             maintaine
             the
             Merchants
             by
             all
             possible
             meanes
             ,
             of
             purpose
             to
             draw
             the
             wealth
             and
             strength
             of
             Christendom
             to
             themselves
             ;
             whereby
             it
             appeareth
             though
             the
             duties
             be
             but
             small
             ,
             yet
             the
             customes
             for
             going
             out
             and
             comming
             in
             doth
             so
             abound
             ,
             that
             they
             increase
             their
             Revenues
             greatly
             ,
             and
             make
             profit
             ,
             plenty
             ,
             and
             imployment
             of
             all
             sorts
             by
             Sea
             and
             Land
             to
             serve
             〈◊〉
             and
             other
             Nations
             ,
             as
             is
             admirable
             to
             behold
             :
             And
             likewise
             the
             great
             commerce
             which
             groweth
             by
             the
             s●…me
             meanes
             ,
             inableth
             the
             common
             people
             to
             bear
             their
             burthen
             laid
             upon
             them
             ,
             and
             yet
             they
             grow
             rich
             by
             reason
             of
             the
             great
             commerce
             and
             Trade
             ,
             occasioned
             by
             their
             convenient
             priviledges
             ,
             and
             commodious
             consti●…utions
             .
          
           
             There
             was
             an
             intercourse
             of
             Traffick
             ,
             
             in
             Genoa
             ,
             and
             there
             was
             the
             flower
             of
             commerce
             ,
             as
             appeareth
             by
             their
             antient
             Records
             ,
             and
             their
             sumptuous
             buildings
             ,
             for
             all
             Nations
             traded
             with
             Merchandize
             to
             them
             ,
             and
             there
             was
             the
             store-house
             of
             all
             Italy
             and
             other
             places
             ;
             but
             after
             they
             had
             set
             a
             great
             custome
             of
             xvi
             .
             
               per
               cent
               .
            
             all
             Nations
             left
             trading
             with
             them
             ,
             which
             made
             them
             give
             themselves
             wholly
             to
             usury
             ,
             and
             at
             this
             day
             wee
             have
             not
             three
             ships
             go●…
             there
             in
             a
             yeare
             :
             but
             to
             the
             contrary
             ,
             the
             Duke
             of
             Florence
             builded
             Ligorn
             ,
             and
             set
             small
             custome
             upon
             Merchandize
             ,
             and
             gave
             them
             great
             and
             pleasing
             priviledges
             ,
             which
             hath
             made
             a
             rich
             and
             strong
             City
             with
             a
             florishing
             State
             .
          
           
             Furthermore
             touching
             some
             particulars
             needfull
             to
             be
             considered
             ,
             of
             the
             mighty
             huge
             fishing
             that
             ever
             cou'd
             be
             heard
             of
             in
             the
             world
             ,
             is
             upon
             the
             coasts
             of
             England
             ,
             Scotland
             ,
             and
             Ireland
             ;
             but
             the
             great
             Fishery
             is
             in
             the
             
             Low-Countries
             ,
             and
             other
             petty
             States
             ,
             wherewith
             they
             serve
             themselves
             and
             all
             Christendome
             ,
             as
             shall
             appear
             .
          
           
             In
             four
             Towns
             in
             the
             East
             Kingdoms
             within
             the
             Sound
             ,
             Quinsbrough
             ,
             Elbing
             ,
             Statten
             ,
             and
             Dausick
             ,
             there
             is
             carried
             and
             vented
             in
             a
             yeere
             ,
             between
             thirty
             or
             forty
             thousand
             Last
             of
             Herrings
             sold
             but
             at
             fifteen
             or
             sixteen
             pounds
             the
             Last
             ,
             is
             about
             620000.
             l.
             and
             we
             none
             .
          
           
             Besides
             ,
             Denmark
             ,
             Norway
             ,
             Sweathen
             ,
             Leifland
             ,
             Rie
             ,
             Nevill
             ,
             the
             Narve
             ,
             and
             other
             Port
             Townes
             within
             the
             Sound
             ,
             there
             is
             carried
             and
             vented
             above
             10000.
             
             Lasts
             of
             Herrings
             sold
             at
             fifteen
             or
             sixteen
             pounds
             the
             Last
             ,
             is
             170000.
             pounds
             ;
             more
             yeerly
             in
             such
             request
             are
             our
             Herrings
             there
             ,
             that
             they
             are
             oftentimes
             sold
             for
             20.
             24.
             30.
             and
             36.
             pound
             the
             Last
             ,
             and
             we
             send
             not
             one
             barrell
             into
             all
             those
             East
             Countreys
             .
          
           
           
             The
             Hollanders
             sent
             into
             Russia
             neare
             fifteen
             hundred
             Lasts
             of
             Herrings
             ,
             sold
             about
             thirty
             shillings
             the
             barrell
             ,
             amounteth
             to
             27000.
             pound
             ,
             and
             we
             but
             about
             twenty
             or
             thirty
             Lasts
             .
          
           
             To
             Stoade
             ,
             Hambrough
             ,
             Breame
             ,
             and
             Embden
             upon
             the
             River
             of
             Elve
             ,
             Weaser
             ,
             and
             Embs
             ,
             is
             carried
             and
             vented
             of
             Fish
             and
             Herrings
             about
             6000.
             
             Lasts
             ,
             sold
             about
             fifteen
             or
             sixteen
             pound
             the
             Last
             ,
             is
             100000
             l.
             and
             wee
             none
             .
          
           
             Cleaveland
             ,
             Gulickland
             ,
             up
             the
             River
             of
             Rhine
             to
             Cullen
             ,
             Frankford
             ,
             or
             the
             Maine
             ,
             and
             so
             over
             all
             Germany
             is
             carried
             and
             vented
             of
             Fish
             and
             Herrings
             neare
             22000.
             
             Lasts
             ,
             sold
             at
             twenty
             pound
             the
             Last
             ,
             is
             440000.
             l.
             and
             we
             none
             .
          
           
             Up
             the
             River
             of
             M
             z●…
             ,
             Leigh
             ,
             Mastrith
             ,
             Vendlow
             ,
             Sutphin
             ,
             Deventer
             ,
             Campen
             ,
             Swoole
             ,
             and
             all
             over
             Lukeland
             is
             carried
             and-vented
             7000.
             
             Lasts
             
             of
             Herrings
             ,
             sold
             at
             twenty
             pound
             the
             Last
             is
             140000
             pound
             ,
             and
             wee
             none
             .
          
           
             To
             Gelderland
             ,
             Artois
             ,
             Henault
             ,
             Brabant
             ,
             Flanders
             ,
             up
             the
             River
             of
             Antwe●…p
             ,
             all
             over
             the
             Arch
             Dukes
             Countreys
             ,
             is
             carried
             and
             vented
             between
             eight
             or
             nine
             thousand
             Lasts
             sold
             at
             eighteen
             pound
             the
             Last
             is
             171000
             l.
             and
             we
             none
             .
          
           
             The
             Hollanders
             and
             others
             carried
             of
             all
             sorts
             of
             Herrings
             to
             Roane
             only
             in
             one
             yeere
             ,
             〈◊〉
             all
             other
             parts
             of
             France
             ,
             50000.
             
             Lasts
             of
             Herrings
             sold
             at
             twenty
             pound
             the
             Last
             ,
             is
             100000
             l.
             and
             wee
             not
             one
             hundred
             Last
             thither
             :
             they
             are
             sold
             often
             times
             there
             for
             twenty
             ,
             and
             four
             and
             twenty
             ,
             and
             thirty
             pou●…d
             the
             Last
             .
          
           
             Between
             Christmass
             and
             Lent
             ,
             the
             duties
             for
             Fish
             and
             Herrings
             came
             to
             15000
             Crownes
             at
             Roane
             only
             that
             y●…re
             ,
             the
             la●…
             Q●…n
             〈◊〉
             ;
             Sir
             
               Thomas
               Parrie
            
             was
             Agent
             there
             then
             ,
             
             and
             S.
             
               Savors
            
             his
             man
             knowes
             it
             to
             be
             true
             ,
             who
             handled
             the
             businesse
             for
             pulling
             down
             the
             Impositions
             then
             ,
             what
             great
             summes
             of
             money
             came
             to
             all
             in
             the
             Port
             Townes
             to
             inrich
             the
             French
             Kings
             Coffers
             ,
             and
             to
             all
             the
             Kings
             and
             States
             throughout
             Christendome
             to
             inrich
             their
             Coffers
             ;
             besides
             the
             great
             quantity
             vented
             to
             the
             Straights
             ,
             and
             the
             multitude
             spent
             in
             the
             Low-Countries
             ,
             where
             there
             is
             likewise
             sold
             for
             many
             a
             hundred
             thousand
             pou●…d
             more
             yeerly
             ,
             is
             necessary
             to
             be
             remembred
             ;
             and
             the
             stream
             to
             be
             turned
             to
             the
             good
             of
             this
             Kingdom
             ,
             to
             whose
             Sea
             coasts
             God
             onely
             hath
             sent
             and
             given
             these
             great
             blessings
             and
             multitude
             of
             riches
             for
             us
             to
             t●…ke
             ,
             howsoev●…r
             it
             bath
             been
             neglected
             to
             the
             hurt
             of
             this
             Kingdome
             ,
             that
             any
             Nation
             should
             carry
             away
             out
             of
             this
             Kingdome
             yearely
             great
             〈◊〉
             of
             money
             for
             Fis●…
             taken
             in
             our
             Seas
             ,
             and
             sold
             againe
             by
             them
             to
             us
             ,
             which
             
             must
             needs
             be
             a
             great
             dishonor
             to
             our
             Nation
             ,
             and
             hindrance
             to
             this
             Realm
             .
          
           
             From
             any
             Port
             Towne
             of
             any
             Kingdome
             within
             Christendome
             ,
             the
             Bridgemaster
             or
             the
             Wharemaster
             for
             twenty
             sh●…llings
             a
             yeare
             will
             deliver
             a
             tr●…e
             Note
             of
             the
             number
             of
             L●…sts
             of
             Herrings
             brought
             to
             their
             Wharfes
             ,
             and
             their
             pric●…s
             commonly
             they
             are
             sold
             at
             ,
             but
             the
             number
             brought
             to
             D●…nske
             ,
             Cullen
             ,
             Rotterdam
             ,
             and
             ●…sen
             is
             so
             great
             ,
             as
             it
             will
             cost
             three
             ,
             four
             ,
             or
             five
             pound
             for
             a
             true
             Note
             .
          
           
             The
             abundance
             of
             Corne
             groweth
             in
             the
             East
             Kingdomes
             ,
             but
             the
             great
             Store-houses
             for
             graine
             to
             serve
             Christendome
             and
             the
             Heathen
             Countries
             in
             time
             of
             dearth
             ,
             is
             in
             the
             Low-Countreyes
             ,
             wherewith
             upon
             every
             occasion
             of
             scarcity
             and
             dearth
             th●…y
             doe
             inrich
             themselves
             seven
             yeares
             after
             ,
             imploy
             their
             people
             and
             get
             great
             fraights
             for
             their
             Ships
             in
             other
             Countries
             ,
             and
             we
             not
             one
             in
             that
             course
             .
          
           
           
             The
             mighty
             Vineyards
             and
             store
             of
             Salt
             is
             in
             France
             and
             Spaine
             ;
             but
             the
             great
             Vintage
             and
             Staple
             of
             Salt
             is
             in
             the
             Low-Countreyes
             ,
             and
             they
             send
             neare
             one
             thousand
             saile
             of
             ships
             with
             Salt
             and
             Wine
             onely
             into
             the
             East
             Kingdomes
             yearly
             ,
             besides
             other
             places
             ,
             and
             we
             not
             one
             in
             that
             course
             .
          
           
             The
             exceeding
             Groves
             of
             Wood
             are
             in
             the
             East
             Kingdomes
             ,
             but
             the
             huge
             piles
             of
             Wainscot
             ,
             Clapboard
             ,
             Firdeale
             ,
             Masts
             ,
             and
             Timber
             is
             in
             the
             Low-Countreyes
             ,
             where
             none
             groweth
             ,
             wherewith
             they
             serve
             themselves
             ,
             and
             other
             parts
             ,
             and
             this
             Kingdome
             with
             those
             Commodities
             ;
             they
             have
             five
             or
             six
             hundred
             great
             long
             ships
             continually
             using
             that
             Trade
             ,
             and
             we
             none
             in
             that
             course
             .
          
           
             The
             Wool
             ,
             Cloath
             ,
             Lead
             ,
             Tin
             ,
             and
             divers
             other
             Commodities
             are
             in
             England
             ,
             but
             by
             meanes
             of
             our
             Wool
             and
             Cloath
             going
             out
             ruff
             ,
             undrest
             ,
             and
             undied
             ,
             there
             is
             an
             exceeding
             manufactory
             
             and
             〈◊〉
             in
             the
             Low-Countreys
             ,
             wherewith
             they
             serve
             themselves
             ,
             and
             other
             N●…tions
             ,
             and
             advanceth
             greatly
             the
             imployment
             of
             their
             people
             at
             home
             ,
             and
             〈◊〉
             abroad
             ,
             and
             puts
             downe
             ours
             in
             forrain
             parts
             ,
             where
             our
             M●…rchants
             trade
             unto
             ,
             with
             our
             own
             Commodities
             .
          
           
             We
             send
             into
             the
             E●…st
             Kingdomes
             yeerly
             but
             one
             hundred
             sh●…ps
             ,
             and
             our
             Trade
             chie●…ly
             dependeth
             upon
             three
             Towns
             ,
             E●…binge
             ,
             Kingsborough
             ,
             and
             Danske
             ,
             for
             making
             our
             Sails
             ,
             and
             buying
             their
             Commodities
             sent
             into
             this
             Realme
             at
             dear
             rates
             ,
             which
             this
             Kingdome
             bears
             the
             burthen
             of
             .
          
           
             The
             Low-Countreyes
             send
             into
             the
             East
             Kingdomes
             yeerly
             about
             three
             thousand
             ships
             ,
             trading
             into
             every
             City
             and
             Port
             Town
             ,
             taking
             the
             advantage
             ,
             and
             venting
             their
             Commodities
             to
             exceeding
             profit
             ,
             and
             buying
             and
             lading
             their
             ships
             with
             plenty
             of
             those
             Commodities
             ,
             which
             they
             have
             
             from
             every
             of
             those
             Townes
             20.
             
               per
               cent
               .
            
             better
             cheap
             then
             we
             by
             reason
             of
             the
             〈◊〉
             of
             the
             Coyne
             ,
             and
             their
             fish
             yeelds
             ready
             money
             ,
             which
             greatly
             advanceth
             their
             Traffick
             ,
             and
             dec●…yeth
             ours
             .
          
           
             They
             send
             into
             France
             ,
             Spaine
             ,
             Portugall
             ,
             Italy
             ,
             from
             the
             East
             Kingdomes
             that
             passeth
             through
             the
             Sound
             ,
             and
             through
             your
             narrow
             Seas
             ,
             yearly
             of
             the
             East
             Countrey
             commodities
             about
             two
             thousand
             ships
             ,
             and
             wee
             none
             in
             that
             course
             .
          
           
             They
             trade
             into
             all
             Cities
             ,
             and
             Port
             Towns
             in
             France
             ,
             and
             we
             chiefly
             to
             five
             or
             six
             .
          
           
             They
             traffick
             into
             every
             City
             and
             Port
             Town
             round
             about
             this
             Land
             ,
             with
             five
             or
             six
             hundred
             ships
             yearly
             ,
             and
             we
             chiefly
             but
             to
             three
             Townes
             in
             their
             Countrey
             ,
             and
             but
             with
             forty
             ships
             .
          
           
             Notwithstanding
             the
             Low-Countryes
             have
             as
             many
             ships
             and
             vessells
             
             as
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             of
             Christen●…om
             h●…ve
             ,
             let
             E●…gland
             be
             o●…
             ,
             and
             build
             〈◊〉
             yeere
             neer
             one
             thousand
             ship●…
             ,
             and
             not
             a
             timber
             tree
             growing
             in
             their
             owne
             Countrey
             ,
             and
             that
             also
             all
             their
             home-bred
             commodities
             that
             grow
             in
             their
             Land
             in
             a
             yeere
             ,
             (
             〈◊〉
             then
             one
             hundred
             good
             ships
             are
             able
             to
             carry
             them
             away
             at
             one
             time
             ,
             )
             yet
             they
             handle
             the
             matter
             so
             for
             setting
             them
             all
             on
             worke
             ,
             that
             th●…ir
             Traffick
             with
             the
             Haunce
             Towns
             exc●…ds
             in
             shipping
             all
             Christendom
             .
          
           
             We
             have
             all
             things
             of
             our
             owne
             in
             superabundance
             to
             increase
             Traffick
             ,
             and
             Timber
             to
             build
             ships
             ,
             and
             commodities
             of
             our
             owne
             to
             lade
             about
             one
             thousand
             ships
             and
             〈◊〉
             at
             one
             time
             ,
             (
             besides
             the
             great
             fishing
             )
             and
             as
             fast
             as
             they
             have
             made
             their
             voyages
             might
             re-lade
             againe
             ,
             and
             so
             yeare
             after
             yeare
             all
             the
             year
             long
             to
             continu●…
             ,
             yet
             our
             Ships
             and
             Marriners
             d●…cline
             ,
             and
             Traffick
             and
             Merchants
             daily
             decay
             .
          
           
           
             The
             main●…
             bulke
             and
             Mass
             of
             〈◊〉
             from
             whence
             they
             raise
             so
             many
             mi●…lions
             yearly
             that
             inrich
             other
             Kingdomes
             ,
             Kings
             and
             States
             Coffers
             ,
             and
             lik●…ise
             th●…ir
             owne
             people
             ,
             proceedeth
             from
             your
             S●…s
             and
             Lands
             ,
             and
             the
             return
             of
             the
             Commodities
             and
             Coyne
             they
             bring
             home
             in
             exchange
             of
             fish
             and
             other
             Commodities
             are
             so
             huge
             ,
             as
             would
             require
             a
             large
             〈◊〉
             apart
             ;
             all
             the
             amends
             they
             make
             us
             is
             ,
             they
             beat
             us
             out
             of
             Trade
             in
             all
             parts
             with
             our
             own
             Commodities
             .
          
           
             For
             instance
             ,
             we
             had
             a
             great
             T●…e
             in
             Russia
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             .
             and
             about
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             p●…st
             we
             s●…nt
             st●…
             of
             〈◊〉
             sh●…ps
             to
             trade
             in
             those
             p●…s
             ,
             and
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             p●…st
             we
             s●…t
             o●…●…t
             f●…
             and
             this
             last
             yeare
             two
             or
             three
             ;
             〈◊〉
             to
             the
             contrary
             the
             〈◊〉
             about
             twenty
             years
             〈◊〉
             traded
             〈◊〉
             with
             two
             ships
             on●…ly
             ,
             yet
             now
             they
             are
             increas●…d
             to
             about
             thirty
             or
             
             forty
             ,
             and
             one
             of
             their
             ships
             is
             as
             great
             as
             two
             of
             ours
             ,
             and
             at
             the
             same
             time
             (
             in
             their
             troubles
             there
             )
             that
             we
             decreased
             ,
             they
             increased
             ,
             and
             the
             chiefest
             Commodities
             they
             carry
             with
             them
             thither
             ,
             is
             ,
             English
             Cloath
             ,
             Herrings
             taken
             in
             our
             Seas
             ,
             English
             Lead
             and
             Pewter
             made
             of
             our
             Tin
             ,
             besides
             other
             Commodities
             ;
             all
             which
             wee
             may
             doe
             better
             then
             they
             .
             And
             although
             it
             be
             a
             cheap
             Countrey
             ,
             and
             the
             Trade
             very
             gainfull
             ,
             yet
             we
             have
             almost
             brought
             it
             to
             nought
             ,
             by
             〈◊〉
             trading
             ,
             joynt-stock
             ,
             and
             the
             Merchants
             banding
             themselves
             one
             ag●…nst
             ●…r
             .
          
           
             A●…●…o
             〈◊〉
             s●…
             w●…
             us●…d
             to
             have
             8.
             or
             9.
             〈◊〉
             s●…s
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             a
             f●…sh
             n●…
             to
             Wa●…
             us●…
             ,
             and
             this
             yeare
             but
             one
             ,
             and
             so
             
               per
               rato●…y
            
             〈◊〉
             in
             all
             kinde
             of
             ●…shing
             and
             marchandizing
             in
             all
             〈◊〉
             by
             r●…ason
             they
             spare
             no
             cost
             ,
             〈◊〉
             ny
             no
             priviledges
             that
             may
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             of
             trad●…
             &
             〈◊〉
             .
          
        
         
         
           
             Now
             if
             it
             please
             ,
             and
             with
             your
             Majesties
             good
             liking
             stand
             ,
          
           
             TO
             take
             notice
             of
             these
             things
             ,
             which
             I
             have
             conceived
             to
             bee
             fit
             for
             your
             Majesties
             consideration
             ,
             which
             in
             all
             humblenesse
             (
             as
             duty
             bindeth
             me
             )
             I
             doe
             tender
             unto
             your
             Majestie
             ,
             for
             the
             unfained
             zeale
             I
             bear
             to
             the
             advancement
             of
             your
             honour
             and
             profit
             ,
             and
             the
             generall
             good
             of
             your
             Subjects
             ,
             it
             being
             apparent
             that
             no
             three
             Kingdomes
             in
             Christendome
             can
             compare
             with
             your
             Majesty
             for
             support
             of
             Traffick
             ,
             and
             continually
             imployment
             of
             your
             people
             within
             themselves
             ,
             having
             so
             many
             great
             meanes
             both
             by
             Sea
             and
             Land
             to
             inrich
             your
             Coffers
             ,
             multiply
             your
             Navie
             ,
             inlarge
             your
             Traffick
             ,
             make
             your
             Kingdomes
             powerfull
             ,
             and
             your
             people
             
             rich
             ;
             yet
             through
             idlenesse
             they
             are
             poore
             ,
             wanting
             imployment
             ,
             many
             of
             your
             Land
             and
             Coast
             Townes
             much
             ruinated
             ,
             and
             your
             Kingdome
             in
             need
             of
             Coyn
             ,
             your
             Shipping
             ,
             Traffick
             ,
             and
             Marriners
             decayed
             ,
             whilest
             your
             Majesties
             Neighbour
             Princes
             ,
             without
             these
             meanes
             ,
             abound
             in
             wealth
             ,
             inlarge
             their
             Townes
             ,
             increase
             their
             Shipping
             ,
             Traffick
             ,
             and
             Marriners
             ,
             and
             finde
             out
             such
             imployment
             for
             their
             people
             ,
             that
             they
             are
             all
             advantagious
             to
             their
             Common-wealth
             ,
             onely
             by
             ordaining
             commodious
             constitutions
             in
             Merchandizing
             ,
             and
             fulnesse
             of
             Trade
             in
             Manufactory
             .
          
        
         
         
           
             God
             〈◊〉
             blest
             your
             M●…jesty
             with
             incomparable
             benefits
             :
          
           
             AS
             with
             Copper
             ,
             Lead
             ,
             Iron
             ,
             Tin
             ,
             Alum
             Copperas
             ,
             〈◊〉
             ,
             F●…lls
             ,
             and
             divers
             other
             native
             Commodities
             ,
             to
             the
             numb●…r
             of
             about
             one
             hundred
             ,
             ●…d
             other
             〈◊〉
             vendible
             to
             the
             〈◊〉
             of
             about
             one
             thousand
             ,
             (
             as
             shall
             〈◊〉
             )
             besides
             Corne
             ,
             whereof
             gr●…at
             quantity
             of
             B●…
             is
             made
             ,
             and
             most
             〈◊〉
             by
             strangers
             ,
             as
             also
             Wool
             ,
             whereof
             〈◊〉
             is
             〈◊〉
             forth
             〈◊〉
             into
             〈◊〉
             loath
             or
             〈◊〉
             ,
             and
             Cloath
             〈◊〉
             undr●…st
             and
             undied
             ,
             which
             doth
             imploy
             a●…d
             〈◊〉
             n●…r
             fif●…y
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             in
             〈◊〉
             parts
             your
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             wanting
             th●…
             〈◊〉
             in
             England
             ,
             many
             of
             them
             〈◊〉
             inforced
             to
             live
             in
             great
             want
             ,
             and
             s●…k
             it
             beyond
             the
             Seas
             .
          
           
           
             Col●…s
             which
             doth
             imploy
             hundreds
             of
             〈◊〉
             ships
             yearly
             to
             〈◊〉
             them
             out
             of
             this
             King●…me
             ,
             whilest
             we
             doe
             not
             imploy
             〈◊〉
             ships
             in
             that
             〈◊〉
             .
          
           
             I
             on
             〈◊〉
             ,
             which
             is
             a
             jewell
             of
             great
             〈◊〉
             ,
             far
             mo●…e
             than
             it
             is
             accounted
             ,
             by
             reason
             that
             no
             other
             Countrey
             could
             ever
             attaine
             unto
             it
             ,
             although
             they
             have
             〈◊〉
             it
             with
             great
             charge
             .
          
           
             Your
             Majesty
             hath
             timber
             of
             your
             owne
             for
             〈◊〉
             of
             Sh●…ps
             ,
             and
             〈◊〉
             plenty
             to
             lad●…
             th●…m
             ,
             which
             〈◊〉
             other
             〈◊〉
             want
             ,
             yet
             your
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             in
             Shipping
             ,
             〈◊〉
             ,
             and
             Marriners
             .
          
        
         
         
           
             These
             Inconveniences
             happen
             by
             three
             causes
             especially
             .
          
           
             
               1.
               
               The
               unprofitable
               course
               of
               merchandizing
               .
            
             
               2.
               
               The
               want
               of
               course
               of
               full
               Manufactory
               of
               our
               home-bred
               commodities
               .
            
             
               3.
               
               The
               undervaluing
               of
               our
               Coynes
               ,
               contrary
               to
               the
               rules
               of
               other
               Nations
               .
            
          
        
         
           
             For
             instance
             .
          
           
             THe
             Merchant
             Adventurers
             by
             overtading
             upon
             credit
             ,
             or
             with
             money
             taken
             up
             upon
             exchange
             ,
             
             whereby
             they
             lose
             usually
             ten
             or
             twelve
             ,
             and
             sometimes
             fifteen
             or
             sixteen
             
               per
               cent
               .
            
             are
             inforced
             to
             make
             sale
             of
             their
             cloaths
             at
             under-rates
             ,
             to
             keep
             their
             credit
             ,
             whereby
             cloaths
             being
             the
             jewell
             of
             the
             Land
             ,
             is
             undervalued
             ,
             and
             the
             Marchant
             in
             short
             time
             eaten
             out
             .
          
           
             The
             Merchants
             of
             Ipswich
             whose
             Trade
             for
             E●…ing
             is
             c●…fly
             〈◊〉
             fine
             cloaths
             ,
             and
             som●…
             few
             〈◊〉
             c●…ths
             all
             died
             and
             drest
             within
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             ,
             do
             for
             the
             most
             part
             ,
             buy
             their
             fine
             cloaths
             upon
             Time
             ,
             and
             by
             r●…on
             they
             go
             so
             much
             upon
             cred●…
             ,
             th●…y
             are
             inforced
             (
             not
             being
             able
             to
             stand
             upon
             their
             Markets
             )
             to
             sell
             ,
             givi●…g
             fifteene
             or
             eighteene
             Moneths
             day
             of
             payment
             for
             their
             cloaths
             .
             ●…d
             having
             sold
             them
             ,
             they
             then
             pr●…sently
             sell
             their
             bills
             so
             taken
             for
             c●…
             ,
             allowing
             after
             the
             rate
             of
             〈◊〉
             or
             fifteen
             ,
             and
             somtimes
             twenty
             
               per
               cent
               .
            
             
             which
             money
             they
             imploy
             forth
             with
             in
             wares
             at
             〈◊〉
             prices
             ,
             and
             lose
             as
             much
             more
             that
             way
             by
             that
             time
             their
             wares
             be
             sold
             at
             hom●…
             :
             Thus
             by
             over-running
             themselves
             up●…
             credit
             ,
             they
             disable
             〈◊〉
             and
             others
             ,
             inhancing
             the
             prices
             of
             forraign
             〈◊〉
             ,
             and
             pu●…ling
             down
             the
             rates
             of
             our
             owne
             .
          
           
             The
             West
             C●…untry
             M
             〈◊〉
             that
             trade
             with
             cloaths
             into
             〈◊〉
             ●…r
             Sp●…n
             ,
             do
             usual
             y
             imploy
             th
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             ,
             (
             you●…g
             men
             of
             sm●…ll
             〈◊〉
             who
             〈◊〉
             cu●…ing
             combining
             of
             the
             〈◊〉
             and
             Sp●…nish
             M
             〈◊〉
             ,
             are
             〈◊〉
             ,
             that
             when
             all
             customs
             and
             charges
             be
             accompted
             ,
             their
             Masters
             shall
             hardly
             〈◊〉
             t●…
             〈◊〉
             moneys
             .
             As
             for
             〈◊〉
             out
             of
             France
             ,
             th●…r
             silver
             and
             gold
             is
             so
             〈◊〉
             rate●…
             ,
             that
             ou●…
             M
             〈◊〉
             c●…t
             〈◊〉
             it
             home
             .
             〈◊〉
             to
             great
             loss●…
             ;
             therefore
             the
             ●…nch
             Merchants
             set
             
             higher
             rates
             upon
             their
             commodities
             ,
             which
             we
             must
             either
             buy
             deare
             ,
             or
             let
             our
             mo●…s
             lie
             dead
             there
             a
             long
             tim●…
             ,
             u●…ill
             we
             may
             〈◊〉
             imploy
             the
             same
             .
          
           
             The
             〈◊〉
             Merchants
             of
             York
             ,
             Hull
             and
             Newcastle
             ,
             trade
             onely
             in
             white
             K●…s
             and
             〈◊〉
             ,
             dozz●…ns
             ,
             and
             〈◊〉
             M
             〈◊〉
             be
             his
             Adventure
             〈◊〉
             so
             sm●…l
             ,
             doth
             for
             the
             most
             part
             ,
             send
             over
             an
             〈◊〉
             y●…h
             unfit
             for
             〈◊〉
             z●…g
             ,
             which
             br●…ngeth
             to
             th●…
             〈◊〉
             great
             〈◊〉
             ;
             but
             to
             his
             〈◊〉
             and
             common
             〈◊〉
             great
             〈◊〉
             ;
             for
             they
             〈◊〉
             their
             goods
             be
             〈◊〉
             ,
             go
             to
             〈◊〉
             str●…r
             ,
             and
             ●…uy
             such
             〈◊〉
             of
             Iron
             ●…ax
             ,
             Co●…
             ,
             〈◊〉
             other
             〈◊〉
             ,
             as
             they
             〈◊〉
             bound
             to
             〈◊〉
             th●…i
             ships
             〈◊〉
             ,
             which
             ships
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             to
             relade
             within
             th●…
             w●…s
             ,
             or
             a
             moneth
             ,
             and
             do
             give
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             the
             Merchant
             〈◊〉
             asketh
             ,
             because
             he
             
             gives
             them
             credit
             ,
             and
             lets
             them
             ship
             away
             their
             Iron
             ,
             Flax
             ,
             and
             other
             commodities
             ,
             before
             they
             have
             sold
             their
             Kersies
             ,
             and
             other
             commodities
             ,
             by
             which
             meanes
             extraordinary
             deere
             commodities
             are
             returned
             into
             this
             Realme
             ,
             and
             the
             servant
             also
             inforced
             to
             s●…ll
             his
             cloaths
             underfoot
             ,
             and
             often
             times
             to
             losse
             ,
             to
             keep
             his
             c●…dit
             ,
             and
             to
             make
             payment
             for
             the
             goods
             before
             shipped
             home
             ,
             having
             so●…
             twenty
             day●…s
             ,
             or
             a
             moneths
             respite
             to
             sell
             the
             cloaths
             ,
             and
             to
             give
             the
             Merchant
             satisfaction
             for
             his
             I●…on
             ,
             Flax
             ,
             and
             other
             wares
             ;
             by
             which
             extremities
             our
             homebred
             commodities
             are
             abased
             .
          
        
         
         
           
             Touching
             Manufactory
             .
          
           
             THere
             hath
             been
             about
             fourscore
             thousand
             undrest
             and
             undied
             cloaths
             yearly
             transported
             .
          
           
             It
             is
             therefore
             evident
             ,
             that
             the
             Kingdome
             hath
             been
             yeerly
             deprived
             of
             about
             400000
             l.
             within
             this
             five
             and
             fifty
             years
             ,
             which
             is
             near
             twenty
             millions
             that
             would
             have
             been
             gained
             by
             the
             labour
             of
             poor
             workmen
             in
             that
             time
             ,
             with
             the
             Merchants
             gains
             for
             bringing
             in
             dying
             stuffs
             ,
             and
             return
             of
             cloaths
             drest
             and
             died
             ,
             with
             other
             benefits
             to
             the
             Realme
             ,
             besides
             exceeding
             inlarging
             of
             Trafficke
             ,
             and
             increase
             of
             Ships
             and
             Marriners
             .
          
           
             There
             would
             have
             been
             gained
             in
             
             that
             time
             about
             three
             millions
             by
             increase
             of
             custome
             upon
             commodities
             returned
             for
             cloaths
             drest
             and
             died
             ,
             and
             for
             dying
             stuffs
             ,
             which
             would
             have
             more
             plentifully
             been
             brought
             in
             and
             used
             for
             the
             same
             .
          
           
             There
             hath
             been
             also
             transported
             in
             that
             time
             yearly
             by
             Bayse
             ,
             Northerne
             and
             Devonshire
             Kersies
             white
             ,
             about
             50000
             cloaths
             ,
             counting
             three
             〈◊〉
             to
             a
             cloath
             ,
             whereby
             h●…h
             b●…n
             lost
             about
             five
             millio●…s
             by
             those
             s●…s
             of
             〈◊〉
             in
             〈◊〉
             time
             ,
             which
             w●…uld
             have
             com●…
             to
             〈◊〉
             workmen
             for
             〈◊〉
             ●…ur
             ,
             with
             the
             customes
             for
             dying
             stuff
             and
             the
             peoples
             profit
             f●…r
             bringing
             them
             in
             ,
             with
             〈◊〉
             of
             other
             〈◊〉
             and
             fraights
             for
             shiping
             .
          
           
             B●…yse
             are
             transported
             white
             into
             Amsterdam
             ,
             and
             being
             there
             drest
             and
             died
             ,
             are
             shipped
             into
             Spain
             ,
             Portugal
             ,
             
             and
             other
             Kingdomes
             ,
             where
             they
             are
             sold
             in
             the
             name
             of
             Flemish
             Baize
             ,
             setting
             their
             owne
             Town
             Seale
             upon
             them
             ,
             so
             that
             we
             lose
             the
             very
             name
             of
             our
             home-bred
             commodities
             ,
             and
             other
             Countreys
             get
             the
             r●…putation
             and
             profit
             there
             of
             :
             Lamentable
             it
             is
             ,
             that
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             ●…ld
             be
             deprived
             of
             so
             〈◊〉
             Millions
             ,
             and
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             of
             c●…th
             〈◊〉
             of
             God
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             naturall
             〈◊〉
             ,
             〈◊〉
             so
             〈◊〉
             and
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             ,
             should
             be
             driven
             ●…o
             〈◊〉
             s●…ll
             advantage
             of
             〈◊〉
             and
             profit
             to
             your
             〈◊〉
             and
             people
             and
             so
             much
             impr●…v
             d
             and
             〈◊〉
             by
             strangers
             ,
             considering
             that
             God
             hath
             in●…d
             ,
             and
             〈◊〉
             your
             M●…sty
             power
             to
             advance
             〈◊〉
             and
             dying
             ,
             and
             transporting
             of
             〈◊〉
             your
             cloaths
             ,
             within
             a
             yeare
             or
             two
             ;
             I
             speake
             it
             knowingly
             ,
             to
             shew
             how
             it
             may
             be
             done
             〈◊〉
             ,
             lawfully
             and
             approved
             to
             be
             honourable
             ,
             s●…asable
             ,
             and
             profitable
             .
          
           
           
             All
             the
             Companies
             of
             your
             Land
             transport
             their
             cloaths
             drest
             and
             died
             ,
             to
             the
             good
             of
             your
             Kingdome
             ,
             except
             the
             Merchant
             Adventurers
             ,
             whereby
             the
             Eastland
             and
             Turkey
             Merchants
             ,
             with
             other
             Companies
             ,
             do
             increase
             your
             Majesties
             customes
             by
             bringing
             in
             ,
             and
             spending
             dying
             stuffs
             ,
             and
             setting
             your
             people
             on
             worke
             ,
             by
             dressing
             before
             they
             transport
             them
             ;
             and
             they
             might
             increase
             far
             more
             custome
             to
             your
             Majesty
             ,
             and
             make
             much
             more
             profit
             to
             themselves
             ,
             and
             this
             Realme
             ,
             and
             set
             many
             thousands
             of
             poore
             people
             more
             on
             worke
             for
             dressing
             and
             dying
             ,
             and
             likewise
             imploy
             more
             ships
             and
             Marriners
             ,
             for
             bringing
             in
             dying
             stuffs
             ,
             were
             it
             not
             for
             the
             Merchant
             Adventurers
             ,
             who
             transport
             their
             cloaths
             white
             ,
             rough
             ,
             undrest
             ,
             and
             undied
             ,
             into
             the
             Low-Countreys
             ,
             where
             they
             sell
             them
             to
             the
             strangers
             ,
             who
             afterwards
             dresse
             ,
             die
             ,
             and
             stretch
             them
             to
             such
             unreasonable
             lengths
             ,
             
             contrary
             to
             our
             Law
             ,
             that
             they
             prevent
             and
             fore stall
             our
             Markets
             ,
             and
             crosse
             the
             just
             prohibitions
             of
             our
             State
             and
             Realme
             ,
             by
             their
             Agents
             and
             Factors
             lying
             in
             divers
             places
             with
             〈◊〉
             cloaths
             ,
             to
             the
             great
             decay
             of
             this
             Kingdome
             in
             generall
             ,
             and
             discredit
             of
             our
             cloaths
             in
             particular
             .
          
           
             If
             the
             accompt
             were
             truly
             known
             ,
             it
             would
             be
             found
             that
             they
             make
             not
             cleare
             profit
             ,
             onely
             by
             cloath
             transported
             rough
             ,
             undrest
             ,
             and
             undied
             ,
             sixty
             thousand
             pounds
             a
             yeare
             :
             But
             it
             is
             most
             apparant
             your
             Majesty
             in
             your
             customes
             ,
             your
             Merchants
             in
             their
             sales
             and
             prices
             ,
             your
             Subjects
             in
             their
             labours
             ,
             for
             lack
             of
             not
             dressing
             and
             dying
             ,
             your
             Ships
             and
             Marriners
             in
             not
             bringing
             in
             of
             dying
             stusfs
             ,
             and
             spending
             of
             Allum
             ,
             is
             hindred
             yearly
             neer
             a
             million
             of
             pounds
             ,
             so
             that
             trade
             is
             driven
             to
             the
             great
             hindrance
             of
             your
             Majesty
             and
             people
             ,
             by
             permiting
             
             your
             native
             commodities
             to
             passe
             rough
             ,
             undrest
             ,
             and
             undied
             ,
             by
             the
             Merchant
             Adventurer
             .
          
        
         
           
             Touching
             Fishing
             .
          
           
             THe
             great
             Sea
             businesse
             of
             Fishing
             doth
             imploy
             neare
             twenty
             thousand
             ships
             ,
             and
             vessells
             ,
             and
             four
             hundred
             thousand
             people
             are
             imployed
             yearly
             upon
             your
             Coast
             of
             England
             ,
             Scotland
             ,
             and
             Ireland
             ,
             with
             sixty
             ships
             of
             War
             ,
             which
             may
             prove
             dangerous
             .
          
           
             The
             Hollanders
             onely
             have
             about
             three
             thousand
             ships
             to
             fish
             withall
             ,
             and
             fifty
             thousand
             people
             are
             imployed
             yearly
             by
             them
             upon
             your
             Majesties
             coasts
             of
             England
             ,
             Scotland
             ,
             and
             Ireland
             .
          
           
           
             These
             three
             thousand
             fishing
             ships
             and
             vessels
             of
             the
             Hollanders
             ,
             doth
             imploy
             near
             nine
             thousand
             other
             ships
             and
             vessels
             ,
             and
             one
             hundred
             and
             fifty
             thousand
             persons
             more
             by
             Sea
             and
             Land
             to
             make
             provision
             to
             dress
             and
             transport
             the
             Fish
             they
             take
             ,
             and
             returne
             commodities
             ,
             whereby
             they
             are
             inabled
             ,
             and
             do
             build
             yeerly
             one
             thousand
             ships
             and
             vessells
             ,
             having
             not
             one
             timber
             tree
             growing
             in
             their
             owne
             Countrey
             ,
             nor
             home-bred
             commodities
             to
             lade
             one
             hundred
             ships
             ,
             and
             yet
             they
             have
             twenty
             thousand
             ships
             and
             vessells
             ,
             and
             all
             imployed
             .
          
           
             King
             
               Henry
            
             the
             seventh
             ,
             desirous
             to
             make
             his
             Kingdomes
             powerfull
             and
             rich
             by
             increase
             of
             Ships
             and
             Mar●…ners
             ,
             and
             imployment
             of
             his
             people
             ,
             sent
             unto
             his
             Sea-coast
             Townes
             ,
             moving
             them
             to
             set
             up
             the
             great
             and
             rich
             fishing
             ,
             with
             promise
             to
             give
             them
             needfull
             priviledges
             ,
             and
             to
             furnish
             
             them
             with
             loanes
             of
             money
             ,
             if
             need
             were
             ,
             to
             incourage
             them
             ,
             yet
             his
             people
             were
             slack
             .
             Now
             since
             I
             have
             traced
             this
             businesse
             ,
             and
             made
             mine
             indeavours
             knowne
             unto
             your
             Majesty
             ,
             your
             Noblemen
             ,
             able
             Merchants
             ,
             and
             others
             ,
             (
             who
             having
             set
             down
             under
             their
             hands
             for
             more
             assurance
             )
             promised
             to
             disburse
             large
             sums
             of
             money
             for
             the
             building
             up
             of
             this
             great
             and
             rich
             large
             Sea-City
             ,
             which
             will
             increase
             more
             strength
             to
             your
             Land
             ,
             give
             more
             comfort
             ,
             and
             doe
             more
             good
             to
             all
             your
             Cities
             and
             Townes
             ,
             than
             all
             the
             Companies
             of
             your
             Kingdome
             ,
             having
             fit
             and
             needfull
             priviledges
             for
             the
             upholding
             and
             strengthning
             of
             so
             weighty
             and
             needfull
             a
             businesse
             .
          
           
             For
             example
             ,
             twenty
             Busses
             built
             and
             put
             into
             a
             Sea-coast
             Towne
             where
             there
             is
             not
             one
             ship
             before
             there
             must
             be
             to
             carry
             ,
             re-carry
             ,
             transport
             ,
             and
             
             make
             provision
             for
             one
             Busse
             three
             ships
             ;
             likewise
             every
             ship
             setting
             on
             worke
             thirty
             severall
             trades
             and
             occupations
             ,
             and
             foure
             hundred
             thousand
             persons
             by
             Sea
             and
             Land
             ,
             insomuch
             as
             three
             hundred
             persons
             are
             not
             able
             to
             make
             one
             Fleet
             of
             Nets
             in
             foure
             moneths
             for
             one
             Busse
             ,
             which
             is
             no
             small
             imployment
             .
          
           
             Thus
             by
             twenty
             Busses
             are
             set
             on
             work
             near
             eight
             thousand
             persons
             by
             Sea
             and
             Land
             ,
             and
             an
             increase
             of
             above
             one
             thousand
             Marriners
             ,
             and
             a
             Fleet
             of
             eighty
             saile
             of
             Ships
             to
             b●…long
             to
             one
             Towne
             ,
             where
             none
             were
             before
             to
             take
             the
             wealth
             out
             of
             the
             Sea
             to
             inrich
             and
             strengthen
             the
             Land
             ,
             only
             by
             raising
             of
             twenty
             Busses
             .
          
           
             ●…en
             what
             good
             one
             thousand
             ,
             or
             two
             thousand
             will
             doe
             ,
             I
             leave
             to
             your
             Majesties
             consideration
             .
          
           
           
             It
             is
             worthy
             to
             be
             noted
             ,
             how
             necessary
             Fishermen
             are
             to
             the
             Common-wealth
             ,
             and
             how
             needfull
             to
             be
             advanced
             and
             cherished
             ,
             
               viz.
               
            
          
           
             
               1.
               
               For
               taking
               Gods
               blessing
               out
               of
               the
               Sea
               to
               inrich
               the
               Realm
               ,
               which
               otherwise
               we
               lose
               .
            
             
               2.
               
               For
               setting
               the
               people
               on
               worke
               .
            
             
               3.
               
               For
               making
               plenty
               and
               cheapnesse
               in
               the
               Realm
               .
            
             
               4.
               
               For
               increasing
               of
               shipping
               ,
               to
               make
               the
               Land
               powerfull
               .
            
             
               5.
               
               For
               a
               continuall
               Nurcery
               for
               breeding
               and
               increasing
               our
               M●…riners
               .
            
             
               6.
               
               For
               making
               imployment
               of
               all
               sorts
               of
               people
               ,
               as
               blinde
               ,
               lame
               ,
               
               and
               others
               by
               Sea
               and
               Land
               from
               ten
               or
               twelve
               years
               upwards
               .
            
             
               7.
               
               For
               inriching
               your
               Majesties
               Coff●…rs
               ,
               for
               Merchandizes
               returned
               from
               other
               Countreyes
               for
               Fish
               and
               〈◊〉
               .
            
             
               8.
               
               For
               the
               increase
               and
               inabling
               of
               Merchants
               ,
               which
               now
               dr●…p
               and
               daily
               decay
               .
            
          
        
         
           
             Touching
             the
             Coyne
             .
          
           
             FOr
             the
             most
             part
             ,
             all
             Monarchies
             and
             free
             States
             ,
             both
             Heathen
             and
             Christian
             ,
             as
             Turkey
             Barbery
             ,
             France
             ,
             Poland
             ,
             and
             others
             ,
             do
             hold
             for
             a
             rule
             of
             never-failing
             profit
             ,
             to
             keep
             their
             Coyne
             at
             higher
             rates
             within
             their
             own
             Territories
             ,
             than
             it
             is
             in
             other
             Kingdomes
             .
          
        
         
         
           
             The
             Causes
             .
          
           
             
               1.
               
               To
               preserve
               the
               Coyne
               within
               their
               owne
               Territories
               .
            
             
               2.
               
               To
               bring
               unto
               themselves
               the
               Coyne
               of
               Forraigne
               Princes
               .
            
             
               3.
               
               To
               inforce
               Merchant
               strangers
               to
               take
               their
               commodities
               at
               high
               rates
               ,
               which
               this
               Kingdom
               beares
               the
               burthen
               of
               .
            
          
        
         
           
             For
             instance
             .
          
           
             THe
             King
             of
             Barbafy
             perceiving
             the
             Trade
             of
             Christian
             Merchants
             to
             increase
             in
             his
             Kingdome
             ,
             and
             that
             the
             returnes
             out
             of
             his
             Kingdomes
             was
             most
             in
             Gold
             ,
             whereby
             it
             was
             much
             inhanced
             ,
             raised
             his
             Ducket
             (
             being
             then
             currant
             for
             three
             ounces
             )
             to
             fo●…e
             ,
             five
             ,
             and
             six
             ounces
             ;
             neverthelesse
             
             it
             was
             no
             more
             worth
             in
             England
             ,
             being
             so
             raised
             ,
             then
             when
             it
             went
             for
             three
             ounces
             .
          
           
             This
             Ducket
             currant
             for
             three
             ounces
             in
             Barbery
             ,
             was
             then
             worth
             in
             England
             seven
             shillings
             and
             six
             pence
             ,
             and
             no
             more
             worth
             ,
             being
             raised
             to
             six
             ounces
             ,
             since
             which
             (
             time
             adding
             to
             it
             a
             small
             piece
             of
             gold
             )
             hee
             hath
             raised
             it
             to
             eight
             ,
             and
             lastly
             to
             ten
             ounces
             ,
             yet
             at
             this
             day
             it
             is
             worth
             but
             ten
             shillings
             ,
             and
             one
             penny
             ,
             notwithstanding
             your
             Majesties
             late
             raising
             of
             your
             gold
             .
          
           
             Having
             thus
             raised
             his
             gold
             ,
             he
             then
             devised
             to
             have
             plenty
             of
             silver
             brought
             into
             his
             Kingdome
             ,
             raised
             the
             royall
             of
             eight
             ,
             being
             but
             two
             ounces
             to
             three
             ,
             and
             three
             pence
             h●…lf
             penny
             ,
             which
             caused
             great
             plenty
             of
             silver
             to
             be
             brought
             in
             ,
             and
             to
             continue
             in
             his
             Kingdom
             .
          
        
         
         
           
             France
             .
          
           
             THe
             English
             Jacobus
             goeth
             for
             three
             and
             twenty
             shillings
             in
             Merchandizing
             .
          
           
             The
             French
             Crowne
             for
             seven
             shillings
             and
             six
             pence
             .
          
           
             Also
             the
             King
             hath
             raised
             his
             silver
             foure
             Sowce
             in
             the
             Crowne
             .
          
        
         
           
             North-Holland
             .
          
           
             THe
             double
             Jacobus
             goeth
             for
             three
             and
             twenty
             shillings
             Sterling
             .
          
           
             The
             English
             shilling
             is
             there
             eleven
             
             stivers
             ,
             which
             is
             two
             shillings
             over
             in
             the
             pound
             .
          
        
         
           
             Poland
             .
          
           
             THe
             King
             of
             Poland
             raised
             his
             Hungary
             Ducket
             from
             56
             to
             77½
             Polinsh
             groshes
             ,
             and
             the
             Rich
             Dollor
             from
             36
             to
             47
             and
             ½
             groshes
             ,
             the
             Reich
             Dollor
             worth
             in
             Poland
             47
             and
             ½
             groshes
             ,
             is
             by
             account
             valued
             at
             6
             s.
             4
             d.
             Sterling
             ,
             and
             here
             in
             England
             is
             worth
             but
             4
             s.
             7
             d.
             
             The
             Hungary
             Ducket
             77
             is
             worth
             by
             account
             in
             Poland
             10
             s.
             4
             d.
             and
             in
             England
             is
             worth
             but
             7
             s.
             10
             d
             The
             Jacobus
             of
             England
             here
             currant
             for
             22
             s.
             in
             Poland
             24
             s.
             at
             the
             rate
             of
             7
             s.
             10
             d.
             for
             the
             Hungary
             Ducket
             .
          
        
         
         
           
             Now
             to
             turne
             the
             stream
             and
             riches
             raised
             by
             your
             Majesties
             native
             commodities
             into
             the
             naturall
             channell
             ,
             from
             whence
             it
             hath
             been
             a
             long
             time
             diverted
             ;
          
        
         
           
             May
             it
             please
             your
             Majesty
             to
             consider
             these
             points
             following
             .
          
           
             1.
             
             VVHether
             it
             bee
             not
             fit
             that
             a
             State-Merchant
             be
             setled
             within
             your
             Dominions
             ,
             which
             may
             both
             dispose
             more
             profitably
             of
             the
             riches
             thereof
             ,
             and
             incounter
             pollicies
             of
             Merchant
             strangers
             ,
             who
             now
             go
             beyond
             us
             in
             all
             kinde
             
             of
             profitable
             Merchandizing
             .
          
           
             2.
             
             Whether
             it
             be
             not
             necessary
             that
             your
             native
             commodities
             should
             receive
             their
             full
             Manufactory
             by
             your
             Subjects
             within
             your
             Dominions
             .
          
           
             3.
             
             Whether
             it
             be
             not
             fit
             the
             coales
             should
             yeeld
             your
             Majesty
             and
             Subjects
             a
             better
             value
             ,
             by
             permitting
             them
             to
             pasle
             out
             of
             the
             Land
             ,
             and
             that
             they
             be
             in
             your
             Subjects
             shipping
             only
             transported
             .
          
           
             4.
             
             Whether
             it
             be
             not
             fit
             your
             Majesty
             presently
             raise
             your
             Coyne
             to
             as
             high
             rates
             ,
             as
             it
             is
             in
             the
             parts
             beyond
             the
             Seas
             .
          
           
           
             5.
             
             Whether
             it
             be
             not
             necessary
             that
             the
             great
             Sea-business
             of
             Fishing
             be
             forthwith
             set
             forward
             .
          
           
             
               If
               it
               please
               your
               M●…jesty
               to
               approve
               of
               these
               considerations
               ,
               and
               accordingly
               to
               put
               them
               in
               a
               right
               course
               of
               execution
               ,
               I
               assure
               my selfe
               (
               by
               Gods
               help
               )
               in
               short
               time
               your
               Majesties
               Customes
               ,
               and
               the
               continuall
               commings
               into
               your
               Coffers
               ,
               will
               be
               exceedingly
               increased
               ,
               your
               Ships
               and
               Marriners
               trebled
               ,
               your
               Land
               and
               waste
               Townes
               (
               which
               are
               now
               run
               out
               of
               Gates
               )
               better
               replenished
               ,
               and
               your
               people
               imployed
               ,
               to
               the
               great
               inriching
               and
               honour
               of
               your
               Kingdome
               ,
               with
               the
               applause
               ,
               and
               to
               the
               comfort
               
               of
               all
               your
               loyall
               Subjects
               .
            
          
        
         
           
             May
             it
             please
             your
             Majesty
             .
          
           
             I
             Have
             the
             rather
             undergone
             the
             paines
             to
             looke
             into
             their
             pollicies
             ,
             because
             I
             have
             heard
             them
             professe
             they
             hoped
             to
             get
             the
             whole
             trade
             and
             Shipping
             of
             Christendome
             into
             their
             owne
             hands
             ,
             as
             well
             for
             transportation
             ,
             as
             otherwise
             for
             the
             command
             and
             master
             of
             the
             Seas
             ,
             to
             which
             end
             I
             finde
             that
             they
             do
             daily
             increase
             their
             traffick
             ,
             augmenting
             their
             Shipping
             ,
             multiplying
             their
             Marriners
             ,
             strength
             ,
             and
             wealth
             in
             all
             kindes
             ,
             whereat
             I
             have
             grieved
             the
             more
             ,
             when
             I
             considered
             how
             God
             hath
             in●…ed
             this
             Kingdome
             above
             any
             three
             Kingdomes
             in
             Christendom
             with
             divers
             varieties
             of
             home-bred
             commodities
             ,
             which
             others
             have
             not
             ,
             and
             cannot
             
             want
             ,
             and
             indued
             us
             with
             su●…dry
             other
             meanes
             to
             continue
             and
             maintaine
             trade
             of
             Me●…andizing
             and
             Fishing
             beyond
             them
             all
             ,
             whereby
             we
             might
             prevent
             the
             deceivers
             ,
             ingrosse
             the
             commodities
             of
             the
             ingrossers
             ,
             inrich
             our
             felves
             ,
             and
             increase
             our
             Navigation
             ,
             Shipping
             ,
             and
             Marriners
             ,
             so
             as
             it
             would
             make
             all
             Nations
             to
             vaile
             the
             Bonnet
             to
             England
             ,
             if
             we
             would
             not
             be
             still
             wanting
             to
             our selves
             in
             imployment
             of
             our
             people
             .
          
           
             Which
             people
             being
             divided
             into
             three
             parts
             ,
             two
             parts
             of
             them
             are
             meere
             spenders
             and
             consumers
             of
             a
             Common-wealth
             ,
             therefore
             I
             aime
             at
             these
             points
             following
             .
          
           
             To
             allure
             and
             incourage
             the
             people
             for
             their
             private
             gaine
             ,
             to
             be
             all
             workers
             and
             erecters
             of
             a
             Common-wealth
             ,
          
           
           
             To
             inrich
             and
             fill
             your
             Majesties
             Coffers
             by
             a
             continuall
             comming
             in
             ,
             and
             make
             your
             people
             wealthy
             ,
             by
             meanes
             of
             their
             great
             and
             profitable
             trading
             and
             imployment
             .
          
           
             To
             vent
             our
             home-bred
             commodities
             to
             farre
             more
             reputation
             ,
             and
             much
             more
             profit
             to
             the
             King
             ,
             the
             Merchant
             ,
             and
             the
             Kingdome
             .
          
           
             To
             returne
             the
             Merchandizes
             of
             other
             Countries
             at
             farre
             cheaper
             rates
             than
             now
             they
             are
             ,
             to
             the
             great
             good
             of
             the
             Realme
             in
             generall
             .
          
           
             To
             make
             the
             Land
             powerfull
             by
             increasing
             of
             Ships
             and
             Marriners
             .
          
           
             To
             make
             your
             peoples
             takings
             in
             generall
             to
             be
             much
             mo●…
             every
             day
             ,
             than
             now
             they
             are
             ,
             which
             by
             Gods
             help
             ,
             will
             grow
             continually
             more
             and
             more
             by
             the
             great
             concourse
             and
             commerce
             
             that
             will
             come
             by
             setled
             〈◊〉
             and
             convenient
             priviledges
             ,
             as
             in
             other
             p●…ts
             they
             doe
             by
             this
             their
             great
             freedome
             of
             Trade
             .
          
           
             All
             this
             ,
             and
             much
             more
             is
             done
             in
             other
             〈◊〉
             ,
             where
             no
             hing
             grow●…th
             ,
             so
             that
             of
             nothing
             they
             make
             great
             things
             ,
          
           
             Then
             how
             much
             more
             mighty
             things
             might
             we
             make
             ,
             where
             so
             great
             abundance
             ,
             and
             variety
             of
             home
             bred
             commodities
             ,
             and
             rich
             materialls
             growes
             ,
             for
             your
             people
             to
             worke
             upon
             ,
             and
             other
             plentifull
             means
             to
             doe
             that
             withall
             ,
             which
             other
             Nations
             neither
             have
             ,
             nor
             cannot
             want
             ,
             but
             of
             necessity
             must
             be
             furnished
             from
             hence
             ?
             And
             now
             whereas
             our
             meichandizing
             is
             wild
             ,
             utterly
             confused
             ,
             and
             out
             of
             frame
             ,
             as
             at
             large
             appeareth
             ,
             a
             State-Merchant
             will
             roundly
             and
             〈◊〉
             bring
             all
             the
             
             premises
             to
             〈◊〉
             ,
             fill
             your
             H●…vens
             with
             ships
             ,
             those
             ships
             with
             Marriners
             ,
             your
             Kingdom
             fu'l
             of
             Merchants
             ,
             their
             〈◊〉
             f●…ll
             of
             out
             landish
             commodities
             ,
             and
             your
             Coff
             rs
             full
             of
             coyne
             ,
             as
             in
             other
             parts
             th●…y
             doe
             ,
             and
             your
             〈◊〉
             shall
             have
             just
             cause
             to
             hold
             〈◊〉
             happy
             memory
             ,
             that
             your
             Majesty
             was
             the
             〈◊〉
             of
             so
             profitable
             ,
             praise-worthy
             ,
             and
             renowned
             a
             worke
             ,
             being
             the
             true
             Philosophers
             stone
             to
             make
             your
             Majesty
             a
             rich
             and
             potent
             King
             ,
             and
             your
             Subjects
             happy
             people
             ,
             onely
             by
             setling
             of
             a
             State-Merchant
             ,
             whereby
             your
             people
             may
             have
             fulnesse
             of
             Trade
             and
             Manufactory
             ,
             and
             yet
             hold
             both
             honourable
             and
             profitable
             Government
             without
             breakings
             of
             Companies
             .
          
           
             And
             for
             that
             in
             the
             setling
             of
             so
             weighty
             a
             businesse
             many
             things
             of
             great
             consequence
             m●…st
             necessarily
             
             fall
             into
             consideration
             ;
             I
             humbly
             pray
             that
             your
             M●…jesty
             may
             be
             pleased
             (
             for
             the
             bringing
             of
             this
             great
             service
             to
             light
             )
             to
             give
             me
             leave
             to
             nominate
             the
             Commissioners
             ,
             and
             your
             Majesty
             to
             give
             them
             power
             to
             call
             before
             them
             such
             men
             as
             they
             shall
             thinke
             fit
             to
             conferre
             with
             upon
             oath
             ,
             or
             otherwise
             ,
             as
             occasion
             shall
             offer
             ;
             that
             the
             said
             Commissioners
             with
             all
             speed
             ,
             for
             the
             better
             advancement
             of
             this
             honourable
             and
             profitable
             work
             ,
             may
             prepare
             ,
             and
             report
             the
             same
             unto
             your
             Majesty
             .
          
           
             
               Your
               Majesties
               most
               loyall
               and
               true-hearted
               Subject
               .
            
          
        
      
       
       
         
           THE
           
             SEAT
          
           OF
           GOVERNMENT
           .
        
         
           
             That
             the
             Seat
             of
             Government
             is
             upheld
             by
             the
             two
             great
             pillars
             thereof
             ,
             
               viz.
            
             Civill
             Justice
             ,
             and
             Martiall
             Policy
             ,
             which
             are
             framed
             out
             of
             Husbandry
             ,
             Merchandize
             ,
             and
             Gentry
             of
             this
             Kingdome
             .
          
        
         
           THey
           say
           ,
           that
           the
           goodliest
           Cedars
           which
           grow
           on
           the
           high
           mountains
           of
           Libanus
           ,
           thrust
           their
           roots
           between
           the
           clifts
           of
           hard
           
           rocks
           ,
           the
           better
           to
           beare
           themselves
           against
           the
           strong
           storms
           that
           blow
           there
           .
           As
           Nature
           hath
           instructed
           those
           Kings
           of
           Trees
           ,
           so
           hath
           Reason
           taught
           the
           Kings
           of
           Men
           to
           root
           themselves
           in
           the
           hardy
           hearts
           of
           their
           faithfull
           Subjects
           .
           And
           as
           those
           Kings
           of
           Trees
           have
           large
           Tops
           ,
           so
           have
           the
           Kings
           of
           men
           large
           Crowns
           ,
           whereof
           as
           the
           first
           would
           be
           soone
           broken
           from
           their
           bodies
           ,
           were
           they
           not
           under-borne
           by
           many
           branches
           ,
           so
           would
           the
           other
           easily
           totter
           ,
           were
           they
           not
           fastened
           on
           their
           heads
           ,
           wi●…h
           the
           strong
           chaines
           of
           Civill
           Justice
           ,
           and
           Martiall
           Discipline
           .
        
         
           1.
           
           For
           the
           administration
           of
           the
           first
           ,
           even
           God
           himselfe
           hath
           given
           direction
           ,
           
             Judges
             and
             Officers
             shalt
             thou
             make
             ,
             which
             shall
             judge
             the
             people
             with
             righteous
             judgment
             .
          
        
         
           3.
           
           The
           second
           is
           grounded
           on
           the
           
           first
           Lawes
           of
           the
           World
           and
           Nature
           ,
           that
           force
           is
           to
           be
           repelled
           by
           fo●…ce
           .
           Yea
           
             Moses
          
           in
           the
           20.
           of
           
             Exodus
             ,
          
           and
           elsewhere
           ,
           hath
           delivered
           us
           many
           Law●…s
           and
           Polices
           of
           Warre
           .
           But
           as
           we
           have
           heard
           of
           the
           neglect
           and
           abuse
           in
           both
           ,
           so
           have
           we
           heard
           of
           the
           decline
           and
           r●…ine
           of
           many
           Kingdoms
           and
           States
           long
           before
           our
           day●…s
           ;
           for
           that
           Policy
           hath
           never
           yet
           prevailed
           (
           though
           it
           hath
           served
           for
           a
           short
           season
           )
           where
           the
           counterfeit
           hath
           been
           sold
           for
           the
           naturall
           ,
           and
           the
           outward
           shew
           and
           formality
           for
           the
           substance
           .
           Of
           the
           Emperor
           
             Cha●…les
          
           the
           Fourth
           ,
           the
           Writers
           of
           that
           Age
           witnesse
           ,
           that
           he
           used
           but
           the
           name
           of
           Justice
           and
           good
           order
           ,
           being
           more
           learned
           in
           the
           Law
           ,
           than
           in
           doing
           right
           ,
           and
           that
           hee
           had
           by
           farre
           ,
           more
           knowledge
           than
           conscience
           .
           Certainly
           the
           unjust
           Magistrate
           that
           fancieth
           to
           himselfe
           a
           sollid
           and
           untransparable
           body
           of
           Go●…d
           ,
           every
           ordinary
           
           wit
           can
           vitrifie
           ,
           and
           make
           transparant
           pierce
           ,
           and
           discern
           their
           corruptions
           ;
           howsoever
           ,
           because
           not
           daring
           ,
           they
           cover
           their
           knowledge
           ,
           but
           in
           the
           meane
           while
           it
           is
           also
           true
           ,
           that
           constrained
           dissimulation
           ,
           either
           in
           the
           proud
           heart
           ,
           or
           in
           the
           oppressed
           ,
           either
           in
           publike
           estates
           ,
           or
           in
           private
           persons
           ,
           where
           the
           fear
           of
           God
           is
           not
           prevalent
           ,
           doth
           in
           all
           the
           leisure
           of
           her
           lurking
           ,
           but
           sharpen
           her
           teeth
           ,
           the
           voluntary
           being
           no
           lesse
           base
           ,
           than
           the
           forced
           malitious
           .
           Thus
           it
           fared
           between
           the
           Barons
           of
           England
           ,
           and
           their
           Kings
           ,
           betweene
           the
           Lords
           of
           Switzerland
           ,
           and
           their
           people
           ,
           betweene
           the
           Sicilians
           ,
           and
           the
           French
           ,
           betweene
           the
           Dolphine
           and
           
             John
          
           of
           Burgoign
           ,
           between
           
             Charles
          
           the
           ninth
           ,
           and
           the
           French
           Protestants
           ,
           and
           between
           
             Henry
          
           the
           third
           ,
           his
           Successor
           ,
           and
           the
           Lords
           of
           Guise
           ;
           and
           hereof
           in
           place
           of
           more
           particulars
           ,
           the
           whole
           
           world
           may
           serve
           for
           examples
           .
        
         
           It
           is
           a
           difficult
           piece
           of
           Geography
           ,
           to
           delineate
           ,
           and
           lay
           out
           the
           bounds
           of
           Authority
           ;
           but
           it
           is
           easie
           enough
           to
           conceive
           the
           best
           use
           of
           it
           ,
           and
           by
           which
           it
           hath
           maintained
           :
           it selfe
           in
           lasting
           happinesse
           ,
           it
           hath
           ever
           acquired
           more
           honour
           by
           perswading
           ,
           than
           by
           beating
           ;
           for
           as
           the
           bonds
           of
           Reason
           and
           Love
           are
           immortall
           ,
           so
           do
           all
           other
           chains
           or
           cords
           ,
           both
           rusty
           and
           rot
           noble
           parts
           of
           their
           owne
           royall
           and
           politick
           bodies
           .
        
         
           But
           we
           will
           forbeare
           for
           a
           while
           to
           stretch
           this
           first
           string
           of
           Civill
           Justice
           ;
           for
           in
           respect
           of
           the
           first
           sort
           of
           men
           ,
           to
           wit
           ,
           of
           those
           that
           live
           by
           their
           owne
           labour
           ,
           they
           have
           never
           been
           displeased
           where
           they
           have
           beene
           suffered
           to
           injoy
           the
           fruit
           of
           their
           owne
           travells
           ,
           
             Meum
             &
             Tuum
             ,
          
           Mine
           and
           Thine
           is
           
           all
           wherein
           they
           seek
           the
           certainty
           and
           protection
           .
           True
           it
           is
           ,
           that
           they
           are
           the
           Fruit
           .
           Trees
           of
           the
           Land
           ,
           which
           God
           in
           
             Deuteronomie
          
           commanded
           to
           be
           spared
           ,
           they
           gather
           honey
           ,
           and
           hardly
           injoy
           the
           wax
           ,
           and
           breake
           the
           ground
           with
           great
           labour
           ,
           giving
           the
           best
           of
           their
           graine
           to
           the
           easefull
           and
           idle
           .
        
         
           For
           the
           second
           sort
           ,
           which
           are
           the
           Merchants
           ,
           as
           the
           first
           feed
           the
           Kingdome
           ,
           so
           do
           these
           inrich
           it
           ,
           yea
           their
           Trades
           ,
           especially
           those
           which
           are
           forcible
           ,
           are
           not
           the
           least
           part
           of
           our
           Martiall
           policy
           ,
           as
           hereafter
           proved
           ;
           and
           to
           do
           them
           right
           ,
           they
           have
           in
           all
           ages
           and
           times
           assisted
           the
           Kings
           of
           this
           Land
           ,
           not
           only
           with
           great
           sums
           of
           money
           ,
           but
           with
           great
           Fleets
           of
           Ships
           in
           all
           their
           interprises
           beyond
           the
           Seas
           .
           The
           second
           have
           seldome
           or
           never
           offended
           their
           Princes
           ,
           to
           enjoy
           their
           trades
           at
           home
           upon
           tolerable
           
           conditions
           ,
           hath
           ever
           contented
           them
           for
           the
           injuries
           received
           from
           other
           Nations
           give
           them
           but
           the
           Commission
           of
           Reprisall
           ,
           they
           will
           either
           right
           themselves
           ,
           or
           sit
           downe
           with
           their
           own
           losse
           without
           complaint
           .
        
         
           3.
           
           The
           third
           sort
           ,
           which
           are
           the
           Gentry
           of
           England
           ,
           these
           being
           neither
           seated
           in
           the
           low●…st
           grounds
           ,
           and
           thereby
           subject
           to
           the
           biting
           of
           every
           beast
           ,
           nor
           in
           the
           highest
           mountaines
           ,
           and
           thereby
           in
           danger
           to
           bee
           ●…orne
           with
           tempest
           ;
           but
           the
           valleyes
           between
           both
           ,
           have
           their
           parts
           in
           the
           inferiour
           Justice
           ,
           and
           being
           spread
           over
           all
           ,
           are
           the
           Garrisons
           of
           good
           order
           throughout
           the
           Realm
           .
        
      
       
       
       
         
           OBSERVATIONS
           Concerning
           The
           Causes
           of
           the
           Magnificency
           and
           Opulency
           of
           CITIES
           .
        
         
           THat
           the
           onely
           way
           to
           civillize
           and
           reforme
           the
           savage
           and
           barbarous
           Lives
           ,
           and
           corrupt
           Manners
           of
           such
           people
           ,
           is
           ,
        
         
           
             1.
             
             To
             be
             dealt
             withall
             by
             gentle
             and
             loving
             conversation
             among
             them
             ,
             to
             attaine
             to
             the
             knowledge
             of
             their
             Language
             ,
             and
             of
             the
             multitude
             of
             their
             speciall
             discommodities
             ,
             and
             inconveniences
             in
             their
             manner
             of
             living
             .
          
           
           
             2.
             
             The
             next
             is
             to
             get
             an
             admired
             reputation
             amongst
             them
             ,
             upon
             a
             solid
             and
             true
             foundation
             of
             Piety
             ,
             Justice
             ,
             and
             Wisdome
             ,
             conjoyned
             with
             fortitude
             and
             power
             .
          
           
             3.
             
             The
             third
             is
             ,
             discreetly
             to
             possesse
             them
             with
             a
             knowledge
             of
             the
             condition
             of
             their
             owne
             estate
             .
             Thus
             
               Orpheus
               ,
            
             and
             
               Amphion
            
             were
             said
             to
             draw
             after
             them
             the
             beasts
             of
             the
             field
             ,
             &c.
             
          
        
         
           And
           this
           must
           be
           first
           wrought
           by
           a
           visible
           representation
           of
           the
           certainty
           ,
           truth
           ,
           and
           sincerity
           of
           these
           ,
           together
           with
           the
           felicity
           of
           a
           reformed
           estate
           .
        
         
           All
           which
           is
           but
           to
           give
           foundation
           ,
           bottom
           ,
           and
           firm
           footing
           unto
           action
           ,
           and
           to
           prepare
           them
           to
           receive
           wholesome
           and
           good
           advice
           ,
           for
           the
           future
           profit
           and
           felicity
           of
           themselves
           
           and
           their
           posterity
           .
        
         
           For
           the
           more
           commodious
           effecting
           of
           this
           Reformation
           in
           a
           rude
           and
           barbarous
           people
           ,
           they
           are
           to
           be
           perswaded
           to
           withdraw
           and
           unite
           themselves
           into
           severall
           Colonies
           ;
           that
           by
           an
           interchangeable
           communication
           and
           commerce
           of
           all
           things
           may
           more
           commodiously
           be
           had
           ,
           and
           that
           they
           may
           so
           live
           together
           in
           civility
           ,
           for
           the
           better
           succour
           and
           welfare
           of
           one
           another
           :
           And
           thereby
           they
           may
           more
           easily
           be
           instructed
           in
           the
           Christian
           Faith
           ,
           and
           governed
           under
           the
           Magistrates
           and
           Ministers
           of
           the
           King
           ,
           or
           other
           superiour
           power
           ,
           under
           whom
           this
           Reformation
           is
           sought
           ;
           which
           course
           the
           Stoick
           tells
           ,
           that
           
             Thesius
          
           took
           ,
           after
           he
           had
           taken
           upon
           him
           the
           Government
           of
           the
           Athenians
           ,
           whereby
           he
           united
           all
           the
           p
           ●…ple
           into
           one
           City
           ,
           that
           before
           lived
           dispersedly
           in
           many
           villages
           .
           The
           like
           
           is
           put
           in
           practice
           at
           this
           day
           by
           the
           Portugalls
           ,
           and
           Jesuits
           ,
           that
           they
           may
           with
           lesse
           difficulty
           and
           hindrance
           reform
           the
           rough
           behaviour
           and
           savage
           life
           of
           the
           people
           of
           Brazeel
           ,
           who
           dwell
           scattered
           and
           dispersed
           in
           Caves
           and
           Cottages
           made
           of
           boughs
           and
           leaves
           of
           the
           Palm-trees
           .
        
         
           
             Alexander
          
           the
           Great
           ,
           built
           more
           than
           seventy
           Cities
           ;
           
             Seleucus
          
           built
           three
           Cities
           ,
           called
           
             Appanice
             ,
          
           to
           the
           honour
           of
           his
           wife
           ;
           and
           five
           called
           
             Laodicea
             ,
          
           in
           memory
           of
           his
           mother
           ;
           and
           five
           called
           
             〈◊〉
             ,
          
           to
           the
           honor
           of
           himself
           .
        
         
         
           
             Safety
             for
             Defence
             of
             the
             People
             and
             their
             goods
             ,
             in
             and
             near
             the
             Towne
             .
          
           
             IN
             the
             situation
             of
             Cities
             ,
             there
             is
             to
             be
             required
             a
             place
             of
             safty
             ,
             by
             some
             naturall
             strength
             ,
             commodiousnesse
             for
             Navigation
             and
             Conduct
             ,
             for
             the
             attaining
             of
             plenty
             of
             all
             good
             things
             ,
             for
             the
             sustenance
             and
             comfort
             of
             mans
             life
             ,
             and
             to
             draw
             trade
             and
             intercourse
             of
             other
             Nations
             ,
             as
             if
             the
             same
             be
             situate
             in
             such
             sort
             ,
             as
             many
             people
             have
             need
             to
             repaire
             thither
             for
             some
             naturall
             commodity
             ,
             or
             other
             of
             the
             Countrey
             ,
             which
             by
             traf●…k
             and
             transportation
             of
             commodities
             ,
             whereof
             they
             have
             more
             plenty
             then
             will
             supply
             their
             owne
             necessity
             ,
             or
             for
             receiving
             of
             things
             ,
             whereof
             they
             have
             scarcity
             .
             
             And
             much
             better
             will
             it
             be
             ,
             if
             the
             place
             afford
             some
             notable
             commodity
             of
             it selfe
             ,
             from
             whence
             other
             Nations
             may
             more
             readily
             ,
             and
             at
             better
             rate
             attain
             the
             same
             .
             Likewise
             ,
             and
             withall
             ,
             be
             so
             fertile
             ,
             pleasant
             ,
             and
             healthfull
             of
             it selfe
             ,
             that
             it
             may
             afford
             plenty
             of
             good
             things
             ,
             for
             the
             delight
             and
             comfort
             of
             the
             〈◊〉
             .
          
           
             In
             former
             times
             ,
             great
             Nations
             ,
             Kings
             ,
             and
             Potentates
             have
             indured
             sharp
             conflicts
             ,
             and
             held
             it
             high
             policy
             ,
             by
             all
             meanes
             to
             increase
             their
             Cities
             ,
             with
             multitudes
             of
             inhabitants
             .
             And
             to
             this
             end
             the
             Romans
             ever
             furnished
             themselves
             with
             strength
             and
             power
             ,
             to
             make
             their
             neighbour
             people
             ,
             of
             necessity
             ,
             willing
             to
             draw
             themselves
             to
             Rome
             to
             dwell
             ,
             and
             overthrow
             their
             Townes
             and
             Villages
             of
             mean
             strength
             ,
             downe
             to
             the
             ground
             .
          
           
           
             So
             did
             they
             for
             this
             cause
             utterly
             destroy
             many
             Cities
             ,
             bringing
             alwayes
             the
             vanquished
             Captives
             to
             Rome
             ,
             for
             the
             augmentation
             of
             that
             City
             .
          
           
             
               Romulus
               ,
            
             after
             a
             mighty
             fight
             with
             the
             Sabines
             ,
             condescended
             to
             peace
             ,
             upon
             condition
             that
             
               Tacius
            
             their
             King
             should
             come
             withall
             their
             people
             to
             dwell
             at
             Rome
             :
             
               Tacius
            
             did
             accept
             ,
             and
             made
             choice
             of
             the
             Capitoll
             ,
             and
             the
             Mount
             Quitinalis
             for
             his
             seat
             and
             Pallace
             .
          
           
             The
             same
             course
             held
             
               Tamberlaine
            
             the
             Great
             ,
             whereby
             he
             inlarged
             the
             great
             Sarmacauda
             ,
             still
             bringing
             unto
             it
             the
             richest
             and
             wealthiest
             Citizens
             he
             had
             subdued
             .
          
           
             And
             the
             Ottomans
             ,
             to
             make
             the
             City
             Constantinople
             rich
             and
             great
             ,
             brought
             to
             it
             many
             thousand
             Families
             ,
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             out
             of
             the
             〈◊〉
             
             Cities
             〈◊〉
             as
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             Great
             from
             〈◊〉
             ,
             〈◊〉
             the
             First
             from
             
               Cairo
               ,
            
             and
             
               So●…n
            
             from
             
               〈◊〉
               .
            
          
           
             Authority
             and
             necessity
             ,
             without
             the
             consideration
             of
             the
             conveniences
             and
             〈◊〉
             of
             situation
             above-mentioned
             ,
             are
             of
             small
             m●…ment
             in
             the
             〈◊〉
             of
             a
             City
             ,
             thereby
             only
             it
             would
             be
             unlikely
             ,
             either
             to
             grow
             or
             〈◊〉
             in
             magnificency
             or
             opul●…ncy
             ;
             for
             if
             profit
             ,
             height
             ,
             and
             delight
             ,
             go
             n●…
             companions
             therewith
             ,
             no
             authority
             or
             necessity
             can
             retain
             much
             people
             or
             wealth
             .
          
           
             But
             if
             the
             pl●…ce
             whereupon
             a
             City
             is
             to
             be
             founded
             ,
             be
             commodious
             for
             the
             aforesaid
             conveniences
             ,
             which
             help
             greatly
             for
             the
             felicity
             of
             this
             life
             ,
             then
             no
             doubt
             ,
             the
             same
             is
             likely
             to
             draw
             much
             abundance
             of
             people
             and
             riches
             unto
             the
             same
             ,
             whereby
             it
             may
             ,
             by
             the
             help
             of
             Arts
             and
             〈◊〉
             ,
             in
             time
             become
             magnificent
             and
             glorious
             .
          
           
             FINIS