An answer to the paper delivered by Mr. Ashton at his execution to Sir Francis Child ... together with the paper itself.
         Fowler, Edward, 1632-1714.
      
       
         
           1690
        
      
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             An answer to the paper delivered by Mr. Ashton at his execution to Sir Francis Child ... together with the paper itself.
             Fowler, Edward, 1632-1714.
             Ashton, John, d. 1691.
             Child, Francis, Sir, 1642-1713.
             Stillingfleet, Edward, 1635-1699.
          
           31 [i.e. 27] p.
           
             Printed for Robert Clavell ...,
             London :
             1690.
          
           
             Also attributed to Edward Stillingfleet.
             Reproduction of the original in the Harvard University Library.
          
        
      
    
     
       
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         eng
      
       
         
           Last letters before death.
           Great Britain -- History -- Restoration, 1660-1688.
        
      
    
     
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               White-Hall
               ,
            
             
               March
               18.
               1690.
               
            
          
        
         
           
             Let
             this
             be
             Printed
             .
          
        
         
           
             SYDNEY
             .
          
        
      
       
         
         
           AN
           ANSWER
           To
           the
           PAPER
           Delivered
           by
           M
           
             r
          
           
             ASHTON
          
           at
           his
           Execution
           TO
           
             Sir
             Francis
             Child
             :
          
           SHERIFF
           of
           
             London
             ,
          
           &c.
           
           Together
           with
           The
           Paper
           it self
           .
        
         
           
             LONDON
             :
          
           Printed
           for
           
             Robert
             Clavell
             ,
          
           at
           the
           
             Peacock
          
           in
           S.
           
           Paul's
           Church-Yard
           .
           1690.
           
        
      
    
     
       
         
         
         
           M
           
           r.
           
           Ashton's
           Paper
           .
        
         
           
             Mr.
             Sheriffe
             ,
          
        
         
           HAVING
           observed
           that
           the
           Methods
           of
           making
           Speeches
           at
           the
           place
           of
           Execution
           was
           not
           alwayes
           attended
           with
           the
           designed
           Success
           ;
           And
           thinking
           it
           better
           to
           imploy
           my
           last
           Minutes
           in
           Devotion
           and
           Holy
           Communion
           with
           my
           God
           ;
           I
           have
           prepared
           this
           Paper
           to
           leave
           in
           your
           Hands
           ,
           as
           well
           to
           assert
           my
           Principles
           as
           to
           testifie
           my
           Innocency
           .
           As
           to
           my
           Religion
           I
           professe
           ,
           by
           God's
           Grace
           ,
           I
           dye
           in
           the
           Faith
           into
           which
           I
           was
           baptized
           ,
           that
           of
           the
           Church
           of
           
             England
             ,
          
           in
           whose
           Communion
           (
           nothing
           doubting
           of
           my
           Salvation
           thro
           the
           Merits
           of
           my
           Saviour
           )
           I
           have
           alwayes
           thought
           my selfe
           safe
           and
           happy
           ;
           according
           to
           her
           Principles
           and
           late
           much
           esteemed
           Doctrines
           (
           tho
           now
           unhappily
           exploded
           )
           I
           have
           regulated
           my
           Life
           ,
           beleiving
           my selfe
           obliged
           by
           my
           Religion
           to
           looke
           upon
           my
           rightfull
           lawfull
           Prince
           (
           whatever
           his
           Principles
           were
           or
           his
           Practises
           might
           be
           )
           as
           God's
           Vicegerent
           ,
           and
           accountable
           (
           if
           guilty
           of
           Male-administration
           )
           to
           God
           only
           ,
           from
           whom
           he
           received
           his
           Power
           ,
           and
           alwayes
           beleiving
           it
           to
           be
           contrary
           to
           the
           Laws
           of
           God
           ,
           the
           Church
           ,
           and
           the
           Realme
           ,
           upon
           any
           pretence
           whatsoever
           to
           take
           up
           Arms
           against
           him
           ,
           and
           let
           all
           the
           World
           take
           notice
           ,
           in
           this
           Beleife
           I
           dye
           .
           But
           I
           have
           more
           particular
           
           Obligation
           to
           the
           King
           my
           Master
           ,
           whom
           I
           have
           had
           the
           honour
           to
           serve
           ,
           and
           received
           many
           signal
           Favours
           from
           him
           ,
           for
           sixteen
           years
           past
           ,
           so
           that
           Gratitude
           (
           a
           thing
           not
           much
           esteemed
           at
           this
           time
           )
           as
           well
           as
           Duty
           and
           Religion
           Commanded
           the
           utmost
           Service
           I
           could
           pay
           him
           ;
           and
           when
           I
           add
           these
           Considerations
           that
           we
           were
           born
           his
           Liege
           Subjects
           ,
           that
           we
           have
           solemnly
           professed
           our
           Allegiance
           ,
           and
           often
           confirmed
           it
           with
           Oaths
           ,
           That
           his
           Majesties
           Usage
           after
           the
           Prince
           of
           
             Orange's
          
           arrival
           was
           very
           hard
           ,
           severe
           ,
           (
           and
           if
           I
           may
           so
           say
           )
           Unjust
           ;
           And
           that
           all
           the
           new
           Methods
           of
           settling
           this
           Nation
           have
           hitherto
           made
           it
           more
           miserable
           Poor
           ,
           and
           more
           exposed
           to
           Foreign
           Enemies
           .
           And
           the
           Religion
           we
           pretend
           to
           be
           so
           fond
           of
           preserving
           ,
           now
           much
           more
           than
           ever
           likely
           to
           be
           destroyed
           :
           There
           seems
           to
           me
           no
           way
           to
           prevent
           the
           Impending
           evils
           ,
           and
           save
           these
           Nations
           from
           poverty
           and
           destruction
           ,
           but
           the
           Calling
           home
           our
           Injured
           Sovereign
           ,
           who
           as
           a
           true
           Father
           of
           his
           Country
           has
           (
           notwithstanding
           all
           his
           Provocations
           and
           Injuries
           )
           a
           natural
           love
           and
           tenderness
           for
           all
           his
           Subjects
           ,
           and
           I
           am
           so
           far
           from
           repining
           at
           the
           loss
           of
           my
           life
           ,
           that
           had
           I
           ten
           thousand
           I
           should
           think
           my self
           obliged
           to
           sacrifice
           them
           all
           rather
           than
           omit
           any
           just
           and
           honest
           means
           to
           promote
           so
           good
           and
           necessary
           a
           work
           ;
           and
           I
           advise
           and
           desire
           all
           my
           fellow
           Subjects
           to
           think
           of
           their
           Duty
           and
           return
           to
           their
           Allegiance
           ,
           before
           the
           severe
           Iudgment
           of
           God
           overtake
           them
           ,
           for
           their
           Perjury
           and
           Rebellion
           ,
           but
           certainly
           the
           good
           and
           Interest
           of
           these
           Nations
           ,
           abstracted
           from
           all
           other
           Considerations
           ,
           will
           ere
           long
           convince
           them
           of
           the
           necessity
           of
           doing
           it
           .
        
         
           Having
           thus
           frankly
           declared
           my
           Principles
           ,
           I
           know
           the
           Inference
           will
           be
           ,
           that
           I
           have
           acted
           accordingly
           and
           consequently
           that
           am
           I
           now
           justly
           condemned
           ;
           but
           as
           I
           ingenuously
           own
           the
           Premisses
           ,
           so
           as
           I
           positively
           deny
           the
           Consequence
           ;
           for
           whatever
           my
           Inclinations
           or
           Actions
           have
           been
           ,
           yet
           ,
           as
           to
           the
           Matter
           I
           was
           sentenced
           to
           dye
           for
           ,
           I
           declare
           my self
           innocent
           ,
           and
           will
           appeal
           
           even
           to
           the
           Iudges
           themselves
           ,
           whether
           or
           no
           ,
           upon
           my
           Tryal
           ,
           there
           appeared
           the
           least
           proof
           that
           I
           knew
           a
           tittle
           contained
           in
           the
           Papers
           ,
           but
           Presumption
           was
           ,
           with
           the
           Iury
           ,
           thought
           sufficient
           to
           find
           me
           guilty
           ,
           tho
           I
           am
           told
           ,
           I
           am
           the
           first
           Man
           that
           ever
           was
           condemned
           for
           High
           Treason
           upon
           bare
           Suspicion
           or
           Presumption
           ,
           and
           that
           contrary
           to
           my
           L.
           
             Coke's
          
           and
           other
           eminent
           Lawyers
           Opinions
           .
           The
           knowledg
           of
           my
           own
           Innocency
           ,
           as
           to
           the
           Indictment
           and
           Charge
           against
           me
           ,
           was
           that
           that
           armed
           me
           with
           so
           much
           assurance
           ,
           and
           occasioned
           my
           casting
           my
           Life
           upon
           the
           first
           Twelve
           Men
           of
           the
           Pannel
           ,
           without
           challenging
           any
           .
           But
           tho
           I
           have
           ,
           I
           think
           ,
           just
           reason
           to
           complain
           of
           the
           severe
           Charge
           given
           by
           the
           Iudges
           ,
           and
           hard
           measure
           I
           have
           received
           ,
           not
           to
           mention
           my
           close
           Imprisonment
           ,
           the
           hasty
           and
           violent
           Proceedings
           against
           me
           ,
           nor
           the
           Industry
           used
           in
           the
           Return
           of
           fitting
           Persons
           to
           pass
           upon
           me
           ,
           the
           denying
           me
           a
           Copy
           of
           the
           Pannel
           ,
           
             &c.
             
          
           Yet
           ,
           as
           I
           hope
           for
           Pardon
           and
           Forgiveness
           at
           the
           hands
           of
           my
           God
           ,
           so
           do
           I
           most
           heartily
           pray
           for
           ,
           and
           forgive
           them
           ,
           and
           all
           my
           Enemies
           ,
           all
           the
           World
           ,
           nay
           even
           that
           Iudg
           and
           Iury-Man
           who
           did
           so
           signally
           (
           contrary
           to
           common
           Iustice
           )
           expose
           themselves
           to
           destroy
           me
           .
           But
           let
           the
           Will
           of
           God
           be
           done
           :
           I
           rely
           wholly
           upon
           his
           Mercy
           and
           the
           Merits
           of
           my
           blessed
           Saviour
           for
           Salvation
           ,
           I
           do
           chearfully
           and
           entirely
           resign
           my self
           into
           his
           Hands
           ,
           as
           into
           the
           Hands
           of
           a
           faithful
           Creator
           ,
           in
           sure
           and
           certain
           hopes
           of
           a
           happy
           Resurrection
           .
           Bless
           ,
           protect
           ,
           and
           strengthen
           ,
           O
           Lord
           God
           ,
           my
           good
           and
           gracious
           King
           and
           Master
           ;
           in
           thy
           due
           time
           let
           the
           Virtue
           ,
           Goodness
           ,
           and
           Innocency
           of
           the
           Queen
           ,
           my
           Mistress
           ,
           make
           all
           her
           Enemies
           blush
           ,
           and
           silence
           the
           wicked
           and
           unjust
           Calumnies
           that
           Malice
           and
           Envy
           have
           raised
           against
           her
           ;
           make
           her
           and
           these
           Nations
           happy
           in
           the
           Prince
           of
           
             Wales
             ,
          
           whom
           from
           unanswerable
           and
           undoubted
           Proofs
           I
           know
           to
           be
           her
           Son
           ;
           restore
           them
           all
           when
           thou
           seest
           fit
           to
           their
           just
           Rights
           ,
           and
           on
           such
           a
           bottom
           as
           may
           support
           and
           establish
           the
           Church
           of
           
             England
             ,
          
           
           and
           once
           more
           make
           her
           flourishe
           ,
           notwithstanding
           the
           Wounds
           she
           hath
           received
           of
           late
           from
           her
           prevaricating
           Sons
           .
        
         
           Forgive
           ,
           forgive
           ,
           O
           Lord
           ,
           all
           my
           Enemyes
           ,
           bless
           all
           my
           Friends
           ,
           comfort
           and
           support
           my
           deare
           afflicted
           Wife
           ,
           and
           poor
           Babes
           ,
           be
           thou
           a
           Husband
           and
           a
           Father
           to
           them
           ;
           for
           their
           sakes
           only
           I
           could
           have
           wished
           to
           live
           ;
           but
           pardon
           that
           Wishe
           ,
           O
           good
           God
           ,
           and
           take
           my
           Soule
           into
           thy
           everlasting
           Glory
           .
           
             Amen
             .
          
        
         
           
             JN
             
               o
            
             ASHTON
             .
          
        
      
       
         
           The
           ANSWER
           .
        
         
           THE
           Paper
           which
           passeth
           under
           the
           Name
           of
           Mr.
           
           Ashton's
           SPEECH
           seems
           to
           me
           to
           be
           composed
           with
           too
           much
           Art
           and
           Care
           to
           be
           the
           Work
           of
           one
           who
           professeth
           ,
           he
           
             thought
             it
             better
             to
             employ
             his
             last
             minutes
             in
             Devotion
             :
          
           And
           if
           he
           was
           
             so
             illiterate
             and
             unskilled
             in
             the
             Law
             ,
          
           as
           he
           said
           at
           his
           Tryal
           ,
           
             Fol.
          
           111.
           one
           may
           justly
           wonder
           not
           only
           at
           such
           Terms
           as
           
             Impending
             ,
             Prevaricating
             ,
             Premisses
             ,
          
           and
           
             Consequènce
             ,
          
           &c.
           but
           at
           such
           a
           peremptory
           Judgment
           as
           he
           gives
           
             about
             the
             Laws
             of
             the
             Realm
             ,
          
           in
           a
           Case
           that
           must
           be
           acknowledged
           by
           all
           ingenuous
           men
           of
           his
           own
           Party
           to
           have
           a
           great
           deal
           of
           Difficulty
           in
           it
           .
        
         
           But
           there
           are
           some
           Men
           who
           think
           to
           bear
           down
           all
           others
           by
           their
           Confidence
           ,
           and
           would
           have
           it
           taken
           for
           granted
           that
           the
           whole
           Nation
           (
           themselves
           excepted
           )
           is
           under
           the
           guilt
           of
           
             Perjury
          
           and
           
             Rebellion
             .
          
        
         
           These
           are
           the
           modest
           Terms
           in
           this
           Speech
           ,
           which
           at
           least
           do
           not
           become
           the
           Charity
           of
           one
           just
           going
           out
           of
           the
           World.
           
           Therefore
           I
           rather
           believe
           it
           to
           be
           drawn
           up
           by
           some
           Persons
           of
           more
           Art
           and
           Leisure
           ;
           who
           thought
           it
           best
           to
           convey
           their
           own
           
             Sentiments
          
           (
           as
           they
           call
           them
           )
           under
           the
           more
           popular
           Name
           of
           one
           who
           suffered
           for
           their
           Cause
           .
        
         
           But
           the
           Weight
           of
           what
           is
           said
           doth
           not
           depend
           on
           the
           Person
           ,
           and
           therefore
           I
           shall
           calmly
           and
           impartially
           consider
           the
           Things
           themselves
           and
           shew
           how
           unjust
           and
           unreasonable
           the
           Insinuations
           are
           which
           respect
           the
           present
           Government
           ,
           and
           all
           such
           who
           act
           in
           Obedience
           to
           it
           .
        
         
           There
           are
           two
           Things
           this
           Paper
           is
           said
           to
           be
           design'd
           for
           ,
           
             to
             assert
             his
             Principles
          
           and
           
             to
             testify
             his
             Innocency
             .
          
           For
           his
           
             Principles
          
           he
           
             professeth
             ,
             that
             he
             dyes
             in
             the
             Faith
             and
             Communion
             of
             the
          
           Church
           of
           England
           .
           And
           he
           might
           have
           lived
           longer
           in
           both
           if
           he
           had
           pleased
           ;
           for
           I
           cannot
           see
           how
           the
           
             Faith
             and
             Communion
             of
             the
          
           Church
           of
           
             England
          
           obliged
           him
           to
           do
           that
           for
           which
           he
           suffered
           :
           But
           ,
           by
           the
           
             Faith
             of
             the
          
           Church
           of
           
             England
          
           he
           means
           the
           
             Doctrine
             of
             Passive
             Obedience
             .
          
           Be
           it
           so
           :
           however
           he
           suffered
           not
           for
           his
           
             Passive
             Obedience
             ,
          
           but
           for
           the
           want
           of
           it
           :
           If
           he
           
             had
             regulated
             his
             Life
             by
             this
             Principle
             ,
          
           he
           had
           preserved
           it
           ;
           yet
           he
           saith
           he
           did
           so
           ,
           and
           dyed
           for
           it
           .
           There
           must
           be
           certainly
           then
           some
           great
           Mistake
           about
           the
           
             Doctrines
             and
             Principles
             of
             our
             Church
             .
          
           I
           alwayes
           thought
           those
           are
           to
           be
           found
           in
           the
           
             Articles
          
           and
           
             Constitutions
          
           of
           it
           .
           Which
           of
           these
           did
           he
           suffer
           for
           ?
        
         
           They
           are
           ,
           he
           saith
           ,
           
             her
             Principles
             and
             late
             much
             esteemed
             Doctrines
             tho
             now
             unhappily
             exploded
             .
          
           I
           know
           of
           no
           
             Doctrines
          
           or
           
             Principles
             of
             the
          
           Church
           of
           
             England
          
           which
           are
           
             exploded
          
           among
           us
           ;
           and
           therefore
           this
           is
           
             unhappily
          
           insisted
           on
           by
           a
           dying
           Man
           ,
           unless
           he
           had
           given
           some
           Proof
           of
           it
           .
        
         
           Well
           ;
           but
           he
           believed
           himself
           obliged
           by
           his
           Religion
           to
           look
           upon
           his
           Rightful
           ,
           Lawful
           Prince
           (
           whatever
           
             his
             Principles
             were
             or
             his
             Practices
             might
             be
          
           )
           
             as
             God's
             Vicegerent
             ,
             and
             accountable
             to
             God
             only
             ,
             from
             whom
             he
             received
             his
             Power
             .
          
           All
           this
           he
           might
           have
           done
           ,
           and
           have
           been
           alive
           still
           ;
           for
           the
           Matter
           in
           dispute
           is
           not
           whether
           
             Rightful
             ,
             Lawful
             Kings
             are
             to
             be
             obeyed
             ,
          
           but
           who
           in
           our
           present
           Circumstances
           is
           our
           
           Rightful
           ,
           Lawful
           Sovereign
           ;
           not
           whether
           
             Kings
             be
             not
             God's
             Vicegerents
             ,
          
           '
           but
           whether
           God
           doth
           not
           sometimes
           confer
           the
           Right
           of
           Sovereignty
           by
           a
           
             Law
             superiour
          
           to
           the
           
             Laws
          
           of
           
             particular
             Countries
             ,
          
           that
           is
           ,
           by
           the
           
             Law
             of
             Nations
             ,
          
           which
           establisheth
           such
           a
           
             Right
          
           upon
           the
           success
           of
           a
           just
           War
           ;
           not
           
             whether
             Sovereign
             Princes
             are
             not
             accountable
             only
             to
             God
             ,
          
           but
           whether
           Allegiance
           be
           not
           due
           where
           the
           Rights
           of
           Sovereignty
           are
           placed
           ,
           by
           an
           
             extraordinary
             Act
             of
             Providence
          
           and
           the
           
             concurrent
             Consent
             of
             the
             Nation
             .
          
           But
           he
           goes
           on
           ;
           
             And
             alwayes
             believing
             it
             to
             be
             contrary
             to
             the
             Laws
             of
             God
             ,
             the
             Church
             ,
             and
             the
             Realm
             ,
             upon
             any
             Pretence
             whatsoever
             to
             take
             up
             Arms
             against
             him
             ,
             and
             let
             all
             the
             World
             take
             notice
             in
             this
             Belief
             I
             dye
             .
          
           I
           had
           much
           rathor
           have
           
             taken
             notice
          
           that
           in
           this
           Belief
           he
           lived
           ;
           for
           I
           see
           no
           Reason
           of
           his
           dying
           for
           it
           .
           For
           ,
           why
           must
           a
           Man
           be
           said
           to
           die
           for
           
             not
             taking
             up
             Arms
             ,
          
           who
           was
           Condemned
           to
           die
           for
           a
           Design
           just
           con●rary
           ,
           
             viz.
          
           for
           the
           subverting
           the
           present
           Government
           by
           Domestick
           Insurrections
           and
           Foreign
           Power
           ?
        
         
           So
           that
           the
           Question
           is
           not
           about
           
             Passive
             Obedience
          
           but
           to
           whom
           it
           is
           due
           ;
           I
           grant
           that
           the
           
             Laws
             of
             God
             and
             of
             the
             Realm
          
           are
           to
           determine
           the
           Measures
           of
           our
           Obedience
           ;
           but
           here
           lies
           the
           only
           Point
           ,
           whether
           the
           Rights
           of
           Sovereignty
           may
           not
           be
           transferred
           by
           the
           success
           of
           a
           just
           War
           and
           the
           Consent
           of
           the
           People
           :
           For
           if
           they
           may
           ,
           then
           according
           to
           his
           own
           Principles
           he
           suffered
           
             justly
             .
          
           And
           if
           the
           Directors
           of
           his
           Conscience
           did
           not
           speak
           to
           this
           Point
           ,
           they
           led
           him
           into
           a
           dangerous
           Error
           ,
           and
           have
           been
           too
           much
           the
           Occasion
           of
           his
           suffering
           .
        
         
           Therefore
           to
           clear
           this
           whole
           Matter
           ,
           and
           to
           prevent
           the
           like
           Mistakes
           in
           others
           ;
           I
           shall
           endeavour
           to
           state
           the
           present
           Case
           of
           our
           Government
           ,
           so
           as
           to
           shew
           both
           that
           it
           is
           our
           Duty
           to
           submit
           to
           it
           ,
           and
           that
           no
           
             Principles
             or
             Doctrins
             of
             the
          
           Church
           of
           
             England
          
           are
           violated
           thereby
           .
        
         
           To
           do
           this
           ,
           we
           must
           of
           necessity
           look
           back
           to
           the
           Occasions
           of
           this
           great
           Revolution
           :
           And
           there
           were
           two
           principal
           Occasions
           of
           it
           .
        
         
         
           First
           ,
           Great
           and
           violent
           Presumptions
           of
           an
           Injury
           to
           the
           Right
           of
           Succession
           .
        
         
           Secondly
           ,
           Too
           great
           Evidence
           of
           a
           formed
           Design
           to
           subvert
           the
           established
           Religion
           and
           Civil
           Liberties
           of
           the
           Nation
           .
        
         
           Now
           there
           are
           two
           very
           material
           Questions
           which
           arise
           from
           hence
           .
        
         
           First
           ,
           Whether
           these
           were
           the
           
             just
             Occasions
          
           of
           a
           War
           ?
        
         
           Secondly
           ,
           Whether
           upon
           the
           success
           of
           this
           War
           the
           
             Rights
             of
             Sovereignty
          
           were
           duly
           transferred
           ?
        
         
           If
           these
           were
           
             just
             Occasions
          
           of
           a
           War
           ,
           and
           upon
           the
           Success
           thereof
           the
           
             Sovereignty
          
           was
           duly
           transferred
           ,
           then
           there
           can
           be
           no
           Dispute
           left
           to
           whom
           our
           Allegiance
           is
           due
           .
        
         
           It
           is
           taken
           for
           granted
           by
           all
           who
           understand
           these
           Matters
           ,
           that
           as
           there
           is
           a
           
             Law
             of
             Nature
             ,
          
           which
           determines
           the
           Rights
           and
           Properties
           of
           particular
           Nations
           ;
           and
           that
           all
           private
           Persons
           are
           bound
           to
           submit
           to
           the
           municipal
           Laws
           of
           those
           Societies
           for
           their
           Peace
           and
           Security
           :
           So
           there
           are
           other
           Laws
           which
           concern
           those
           
             Nations
             ,
          
           as
           they
           make
           up
           several
           
             independent
             Governments
          
           upon
           each
           other
           .
           And
           there
           are
           several
           Rights
           which
           belong
           to
           them
           with
           respect
           to
           one
           another
           ,
           which
           do
           not
           belong
           to
           private
           Persons
           as
           they
           live
           in
           subjection
           to
           any
           particular
           Government
           .
        
         
           And
           as
           there
           are
           such
           Rights
           ,
           so
           there
           must
           be
           a
           just
           and
           lawful
           way
           for
           Reparation
           of
           Injuries
           .
           In
           particular
           Governments
           ,
           the
           thing
           is
           plain
           by
           established
           Laws
           and
           Courts
           of
           Judicature
           ,
           whose
           Sentence
           is
           Executed
           by
           the
           Civil
           Power
           ;
           but
           in
           Separate
           Nations
           and
           Independent
           Governments
           ,
           although
           there
           be
           Laws
           by
           consent
           called
           the
           
             Law
             of
             Nations
             ;
          
           yet
           there
           is
           no
           common
           Judicature
           to
           determine
           of
           Right
           and
           Wrong
           ,
           and
           therefore
           in
           case
           of
           Injury
           there
           is
           an
           allowance
           for
           the
           injured
           Party
           by
           this
           
             Law
             of
             Nations
          
           to
           Right
           himself
           by
           Force
           ,
           as
           there
           would
           be
           to
           every
           particular
           Person
           ,
           if
           there
           were
           no
           Laws
           nor
           Power
           to
           see
           them
           executed
           .
        
         
         
           There
           is
           then
           a
           Right
           in
           every
           Sovereign
           and
           Independent
           Prince
           to
           exercise
           Force
           against
           another
           Prince
           ,
           who
           detains
           any
           Right
           from
           him
           ,
           or
           doth
           any
           Injury
           to
           him
           ,
           or
           to
           those
           he
           is
           bound
           to
           defend
           .
        
         
           The
           Question
           then
           comes
           to
           the
           
             Iust
             Occasions
          
           of
           such
           a
           War
           ,
           and
           here
           are
           two
           assigned
           ,
        
         
           First
           ,
           great
           and
           violent
           Presumptions
           of
           an
           Injury
           to
           the
           Right
           of
           Succession
           .
           This
           is
           expresly
           mentioned
           and
           insisted
           on
           ,
           in
           the
           Declaration
           of
           the
           then
           Prince
           of
           
             Orange
          
           (
           our
           present
           King
           )
           in
           these
           Words
           —
           
             But
             to
             crown
             all
             ,
             there
             are
             great
             and
             violent
             Presumptions
             inducing
             us
             to
             believe
             that
             those
             evil
             Counsellors
             ,
             in
             order
             to
             the
             carrying
             on
             of
             their
             ill
             designs
             ,
             and
             to
             the
             gaining
             to
             themselves
             the
             more
             time
             ,
             for
             the
             effecting
             of
             them
             ,
             for
             the
             encouraging
             their
             Complices
             ,
             and
             for
             the
             discouraging
             of
             all
             good
             Subjects
             ,
             hath
             published
             that
             the
             Queen
             hath
             brought
             forth
             a
             Son
             ;
             tho
             there
             have
             appeared
             both
             during
             the
             Queen's
             pretended
             Bigness
             and
             in
             the
             manner
             in
             which
             the
             Birth
             was
             managed
             ,
             so
             many
             just
             and
             visible
             grounds
             of
             Suspicion
             ,
             that
             not
             only
             we
             our selves
             ,
             but
             all
             the
             good
             Subjects
             of
             these
             Kingdoms
             do
             vehemently
             suspect
             that
             the
             pretended
             Prince
             of
             
               Wales
            
             was
             not
             born
             of
             the
             Queen
             :
             And
             it
             is
             notoriously
             known
             to
             all
             the
             World
             ,
             that
             many
             both
             doubted
             of
             the
             Queens
             Bigness
             ,
             and
             of
             the
             Birth
             of
             the
             Child
             ,
             and
             yet
             there
             was
             not
             any
             one
             thing
             done
             to
             satisfie
             them
             and
             to
             put
             an
             end
             to
             all
             Doubts
             .
             And
             since
             our
             Dearest
             and
             most
             entirely
             beloved
             Consort
             ,
             the
             Princess
             ,
             and
             likewise
             we
             our selves
             have
             so
             great
             an
             Interest
             in
             this
             matter
             ,
             and
             such
             a
             Right
             as
             all
             the
             World
             knows
             to
             the
             Succession
             to
             the
             Crown
             —
             And
             since
             the
             
               English
            
             Nation
             hath
             ever
             testified
             a
             most
             particular
             Affection
             and
             Esteem
             both
             to
             our
             Dearest
             Confort
             and
             to
             our Selves
             ;
             We
             cannot
             excuse
             our Selves
             from
             espousing
             their
             Interests
             in
             a
             matter
             of
             such
             high
             Consequence
             ,
             and
             from
             contributing
             all
             that
             lies
             in
             us
             ,
             for
             maintaining
             both
             of
             the
             
             Protestant
             Religion
             ,
             and
             of
             the
             Laws
             and
             Liberties
             of
             those
             Kingdoms
             ,
             and
             for
             the
             securing
             to
             them
             the
             continual
             Enjoyment
             of
             all
             their
             just
             Rights
             .
          
        
         
           Here
           we
           have
           an
           Hereditary
           Right
           to
           the
           Crown
           asserted
           both
           remoter
           in
           Himself
           and
           nearer
           in
           the
           Queen
           ,
           who
           was
           unquestionably
           the
           next
           ,
           if
           there
           were
           no
           Heir
           Male
           :
           It
           was
           possible
           this
           Right
           might
           be
           really
           defeated
           by
           a
           Prince
           of
           
             Wales
             ,
          
           and
           it
           was
           possible
           it
           might
           be
           pretended
           to
           be
           so
           when
           it
           was
           not
           :
           For
           there
           have
           been
           many
           Instances
           in
           History
           of
           suborned
           and
           supposititious
           Princes
           ,
           and
           therefore
           there
           was
           reason
           that
           sufficient
           Evidence
           should
           be
           given
           in
           a
           Case
           of
           such
           Importance
           and
           which
           was
           under
           so
           great
           Suspicion
           .
           But
           if
           there
           was
           no
           reasonable
           care
           taken
           to
           prevent
           or
           remove
           these
           Suspicions
           ,
           then
           the
           Parties
           most
           concerned
           have
           a
           Right
           to
           assert
           their
           own
           Pretensions
           in
           such
           a
           way
           as
           the
           Law
           of
           Nations
           doth
           allow
           .
        
         
           And
           in
           this
           Case
           no
           private
           Depositions
           or
           confident
           Affirmations
           of
           such
           as
           are
           Dependents
           or
           otherwise
           liable
           to
           Suspicion
           ,
           can
           in
           Reason
           be
           taken
           for
           satisfactory
           Evidence
           ;
           for
           let
           any
           one
           consider
           what
           the
           
             Laws
          
           of
           
             Nations
          
           have
           thought
           sitting
           Evidence
           in
           a
           Case
           of
           this
           Nature
           ,
           and
           he
           will
           soon
           find
           how
           very
           much
           short
           such
           proofs
           are
           of
           what
           the
           Nature
           of
           the
           Thing
           hath
           been
           thought
           to
           require
           —
           The
           Civil
           Law
           is
           very
           strict
           where
           there
           is
           any
           occasion
           of
           Suspicion
           .
        
         
           It
           requires
           notice
           to
           be
           given
           twice
           a
           Month
           to
           
           the
           Parties
           concerned
           that
           they
           may
           receive
           full
           satisfaction
           .
           That
           the
           Mother
           is
           to
           be
           kept
           in
           a
           House
           by
           itself
           :
           That
           thirty
           Days
           before
           she
           expects
           to
           be
           delivered
           ,
           she
           must
           give
           Notice
           of
           it
           to
           those
           who
           are
           most
           concerned
           ,
           that
           they
           may
           send
           such
           as
           they
           can
           trust
           to
           be
           present
           :
           that
           there
           ought
           to
           be
           but
           one
           Door
           where
           she
           is
           to
           Lie
           in
           ,
           and
           if
           there
           be
           more
           ,
           they
           must
           be
           done
           up
           ;
           that
           at
           that
           Door
           there
           are
           to
           be
           Three
           Men
           and
           Three
           Women
           and
           Two
           Assistants
           :
           That
           all
           Persons
           are
           to
           be
           searcht
           who
           go
           in
           ,
           especially
           at
           the
           Labor
           ,
           at
           which
           time
           there
           must
           be
           sufficient
           
           Light
           in
           the
           Room
           .
           When
           the
           Child
           is
           born
           it
           ought
           to
           be
           first
           shewn
           to
           the
           Parties
           concerned
           ,
           and
           great
           care
           is
           taken
           about
           the
           Persons
           in
           whose
           Hands
           he
           is
           put
           ,
           and
           Satisfaction
           must
           be
           given
           from
           time
           to
           time
           that
           it
           is
           the
           same
           Child
           ,
           and
           if
           Satisfaction
           be
           not
           given
           as
           to
           these
           things
           ,
           the
           
             Roman
          
           Law
           doth
           not
           allow
           any
           Right
           of
           Possession
           .
        
         
           By
           the
           Old
           Common
           Law
           of
           
             England
             ,
          
           in
           case
           of
           Suspicion
           ,
           a
           Writ
           of
           Inspection
           was
           allowed
           ,
           the
           Form
           whereof
           is
           in
           the
           Books
           ,
           and
           if
           there
           were
           any
           doubt
           ,
           
           the
           Woman
           was
           to
           be
           put
           into
           a
           safe
           place
           ,
           where
           no
           Suspicious
           Persons
           were
           to
           come
           near
           her
           till
           she
           was
           delivered
           .
           This
           was
           then
           thought
           so
           reasonable
           a
           thing
           ,
           that
           the
           Old
           Law
           Books
           have
           a
           Chapter
           on
           purpose
           
           
             De
             Partu
             Supposito
             ,
          
           wherein
           Directions
           are
           given
           to
           prevent
           and
           discover
           a
           Subornation
           .
        
         
           These
           things
           I
           mention
           to
           show
           what
           Satisfaction
           is
           necessary
           to
           be
           given
           in
           case
           of
           Suspicion
           ,
           and
           the
           higher
           the
           Persons
           are
           ,
           and
           of
           so
           much
           greater
           Importance
           as
           the
           Succession
           is
           ,
           so
           much
           clearer
           ought
           the
           Evidence
           to
           be
           ,
           that
           no
           occasion
           of
           Doubt
           may
           remain
           :
           But
           if
           no
           such
           care
           was
           taken
           ,
           If
           the
           principal
           Persons
           concerned
           had
           not
           the
           least
           Satisfaction
           given
           them
           ;
           If
           the
           whole
           thing
           were
           managed
           with
           Secrecy
           and
           suspicious
           Circumstances
           ,
           then
           I
           can
           see
           no
           Reason
           to
           exclude
           those
           who
           are
           most
           concern'd
           from
           a
           Right
           of
           demanding
           Satisfaction
           by
           Force
           of
           Arms.
           
        
         
           But
           Mr.
           
             Ashton
          
           thinks
           he
           hath
           cleared
           this
           matter
           ,
           when
           he
           affirms
           that
           he
           
             knows
          
           there
           was
           no
           Supposititious
           Birth
           
             by
             unanswerable
             undoubted
             Proofs
          
           and
           this
           is
           put
           into
           his
           Prayer
           ,
           that
           it
           might
           look
           like
           an
           appeal
           to
           God
           as
           to
           the
           Truth
           of
           what
           he
           said
           .
           This
           is
           one
           of
           the
           boldest
           and
           most
           artificial
           Strokes
           of
           the
           Penner
           of
           this
           Speech
           ,
           not
           barely
           to
           make
           him
           af
           firm
           it
           with
           so
           much
           assurance
           ,
           but
           to
           do
           it
           in
           his
           Prayer
           too
           .
           But
           a
           matter
           of
           so
           great
           Consequence
           is
           not
           to
           be
           determined
           upon
           the
           Testimony
           of
           any
           single
           Wittness
           ,
           although
           he
           were
           the
           most
           competent
           Witness
           as
           to
           such
           a
           matter
           ,
           which
           doth
           not
           in
           the
           least
           appear
           as
           to
           Mr.
           
             Ashton
             :
          
           For
           
           how
           could
           he
           know
           it
           by
           
             unanswerable
             and
             undoubted
             Proofs
             ;
          
           when
           considering
           the
           Circumstances
           that
           were
           in
           this
           Case
           ,
           it
           was
           hardly
           possible
           to
           produce
           such
           
             Proofs
             ,
          
           as
           would
           pass
           for
           unexceptionable
           Evidence
           upon
           a
           Legal
           Trial
           ?
           For
           there
           hath
           been
           such
           a
           Trial
           here
           in
           
             England
          
           within
           the
           Memory
           of
           Man
           ,
           wherein
           the
           Father
           and
           Mother
           
           and
           Midwife
           have
           all
           sworn
           to
           the
           Truth
           of
           the
           Birth
           of
           a
           Son
           ,
           and
           yet
           the
           Jury
           upon
           hearing
           the
           whole
           Evidence
           have
           given
           Judgment
           that
           it
           was
           Supposititious
           .
        
         
           Therefore
           bare
           Affirmations
           of
           some
           Persons
           concerned
           are
           not
           Evidence
           sufficient
           in
           Case
           of
           strong
           and
           vehemont
           Presumptions
           to
           the
           contrary
           ;
           and
           such
           Evidence
           ought
           to
           have
           been
           given
           as
           might
           have
           either
           prevented
           or
           removed
           any
           just
           grounds
           of
           Suspicion
           .
        
         
           But
           since
           no
           such
           
             unanswerable
             undoubted
             Proofs
          
           were
           made
           to
           those
           who
           were
           most
           concerned
           ,
           the
           same
           just
           Right
           doth
           remain
           to
           the
           
             undoubted
          
           Heir
           of
           the
           Crown
           ,
           as
           it
           did
           in
           the
           former
           Case
           to
           the
           next
           Heir
           at
           Law
           ,
           who
           upon
           a
           fair
           Trial
           and
           the
           Verdict
           of
           the
           Country
           ,
           recovered
           the
           Estate
           .
           But
           between
           Princes
           there
           are
           no
           such
           ways
           of
           Trial
           or
           Courts
           of
           Judicature
           ,
           and
           therefore
           in
           such
           Cases
           the
           Right
           of
           War
           is
           allowed
           by
           the
           general
           Consent
           of
           Mankind
           .
        
         
           Secondly
           ,
           There
           was
           a
           further
           just
           Occasion
           for
           that
           Expedition
           ,
           which
           was
           the
           Design
           to
           subvort
           our
           Religion
           and
           Civil
           Liberties
           .
           As
           to
           the
           Particulars
           they
           are
           fully
           set
           down
           in
           the
           Declaration
           ,
           and
           need
           not
           to
           be
           repeated
           ;
           that
           which
           I
           am
           to
           make
           out
           is
           ,
           that
           the
           then
           Prince
           of
           
             Orange
          
           by
           his
           Relation
           to
           the
           Crown
           had
           a
           just
           Right
           to
           concern
           himself
           in
           the
           Vindication
           of
           both
           ,
           and
           that
           this
           is
           not
           repugnant
           to
           the
           Doctrines
           and
           Principles
           of
           the
           Church
           of
           
             England
             .
          
        
         
           It
           was
           not
           thought
           disagreeable
           to
           them
           for
           Q
           
             Elisabeth
          
           to
           assist
           the
           
             Dutch
          
           against
           the
           King
           of
           
             Spain
             ;
          
           yet
           she
           had
           no
           such
           reason
           for
           it
           as
           our
           King
           and
           Queen
           had
           to
           prevent
           the
           suppression
           of
           their
           own
           Religion
           here
           ,
           and
           the
           Rights
           of
           that
           People
           to
           whom
           they
           were
           so
           nearly
           related
           .
           For
           there
           was
           nothing
           
           in
           her
           Case
           so
           considerable
           as
           the
           growing
           Power
           of
           
             Spain
          
           and
           the
           danger
           of
           overturning
           the
           Religious
           and
           
           Civil
           Liberties
           of
           a
           neighbour
           People
           .
           The
           Queens
           Professor
           of
           Law
           in
           
             Oxford
          
           at
           that
           time
           saith
           ,
           that
           it
           was
           then
           made
           a
           Question
           by
           some
           whether
           Q.
           
             Elis.
          
           had
           just
           Reason
           for
           that
           War
           in
           assistance
           of
           the
           
             Dutch
             ,
          
           and
           he
           resolves
           the
           Lawfulness
           of
           it
           upon
           3
           Grounds
           :
           First
           ,
           That
           it
           was
           to
           prevent
           ensuing
           Mischief
           ;
           Secondly
           ,
           From
           the
           ancient
           Alliance
           between
           the
           two
           Nations
           ;
           Thirdly
           ,
           That
           if
           the
           
             Dutch
          
           were
           totally
           vanquished
           by
           the
           
             Spaniard
             ,
          
           they
           would
           be
           made
           Slaves
           under
           an
           Arbitrary
           Power
           .
           The
           Queen
           herself
           owned
           this
           as
           the
           Ground
           of
           her
           Resolution
           ,
           
             That
             it
             was
             Christian
             Piety
             to
             relieve
             them
             who
             were
             of
             the
             same
             Religion
             which
             she
             professed
             ,
             and
             Wisdom
             to
             prevent
             the
             pernicious
             designs
             of
             her
             Enemies
             .
          
           And
           in
           her
           Declaration
           she
           published
           this
           as
           the
           Reason
           of
           her
           sending
           Forces
           to
           the
           Aid
           of
           the
           
             Netherlanders
             ,
             That
             they
             might
             peaceably
             enjoy
             their
             ancient
             Freedom
             .
          
        
         
           In
           the
           latter
           end
           of
           the
           Reign
           of
           King
           
             Iames
          
           I.
           the
           War
           broke
           out
           in
           
             Germany
          
           wherein
           the
           Emperor
           used
           his
           utmost
           endeavour
           to
           establish
           
             absolute
             Power
             and
             Popery
          
           together
           .
           There
           was
           occasion
           offered
           to
           try
           whether
           the
           giving
           Assistance
           against
           these
           were
           against
           the
           
             Principles
          
           and
           
             Doctrines
          
           of
           the
           
             Church
             of
             England
             .
          
           For
           the
           Prince
           Elector
           
             Palatine
          
           was
           chosen
           King
           of
           
             Bohemia
             ,
          
           and
           sent
           over
           for
           King
           
           Iames's
           Advice
           about
           it
           :
           But
           his
           Designs
           lay
           then
           so
           much
           another
           way
           ,
           that
           he
           had
           no
           mind
           he
           should
           engage
           in
           it
           :
           But
           the
           Archbishop
           of
           
             Canterbury
          
           in
           his
           Letter
           to
           Sir
           R.
           
             Naunton
          
           then
           Secretary
           of
           State
           ,
           saith
           ,
           
             That
             God
             had
             set
             up
             this
             Prince
             his
             Masters
             Son
             in
             Law
             ,
             as
             a
             Mark
             of
             Honour
             throughout
             all
             Christendom
             ,
             to
             propagate
             the
             Gospel
             and
             to
             protect
             the
             oppressed
             ;
             that
             for
             his
             own
             part
             he
             dares
             not
             but
             give
             Advice
             to
             follow
             where
             God
             leads
             ,
             apprehending
             the
             Work
             of
             God
             in
             this
             and
             that
             of
          
           Hungary
           ;
           
             that
             he
             was
             satisfied
             in
             Conscience
             that
             the
          
           Bohemians
           
             had
             a
             just
             Cause
             ;
             that
             the
             King's
             Daughter
             the
             Elector's
             Lady
             had
             professed
             ,
             she
             would
             not
             leave
             herself
             one
             Iewel
             ,
             rather
             than
             not
             maintain
             so
             Religious
             and
             so
             Righteous
             a
             Cause
             .
          
        
         
         
           In
           the
           beginning
           of
           the
           Reign
           of
           King
           
             Charles
          
           the
           First
           ,
           when
           I
           suppose
           it
           will
           be
           granted
           ,
           That
           the
           Doctrins
           and
           Principles
           of
           the
           
             Church
          
           of
           
             England
          
           were
           understood
           and
           followed
           ;
           the
           King
           of
           
             Denmark
          
           had
           taken
           up
           Arms
           ,
           
             to
             settle
             the
             Peace
             and
             liberty
             of
             Germany
             ,
          
           as
           he
           declared
           :
           But
           he
           met
           with
           a
           great
           Defeat
           .
           Whereupon
           King
           
             Charles
          
           the
           First
           thought
           himself
           concerned
           to
           give
           Assistance
           to
           him
           :
           And
           Archbishop
           
             Laud
          
           was
           then
           employed
           (
           as
           Dr.
           
             Heylin
          
           confesseth
           )
           
           by
           the
           King's
           Command
           ,
           to
           draw
           up
           a
           
             Declaration
             ,
          
           to
           be
           published
           in
           all
           the
           Parishes
           of
           
             England
             ;
          
           which
           was
           read
           by
           the
           King
           ,
           and
           approved
           by
           the
           Council
           ,
           wherein
           the
           
             Greatness
             of
             the
             Danger
             they
             were
             in
             is
             set
             forth
             ,
             and
             the
             People
             are
             exhorted
             to
             serve
             God
             and
             the
             King
             ,
             and
             to
             labour
             by
             their
             Prayers
             to
             divert
             the
             Danger
             .
          
           Wherein
           lay
           this
           Danger
           ?
           It
           is
           there
           said
           to
           be
           ,
           
             That
             by
             the
             Defeat
             of
             the
             King
             of
          
           Denmark
           ,
           
             there
             was
             little
             or
             nothing
             left
             to
             hinder
             the
             House
             of
          
           Austria
           
             from
             being
             Lord
             and
             Master
             of
          
           Germany
           .
           And
           what
           then
           ?
           Why
           then
           
             there
             will
             be
             an
             open
             way
             for
          
           Spain
           
             to
             do
             what
             they
             pleased
             in
             all
             the
             West
             part
             of
             Christendom
             .
          
           It
           seems
           then
           ,
           it
           was
           not
           thought
           disagreeable
           to
           the
           Principles
           and
           Doctrins
           of
           our
           Church
           ,
           to
           hinder
           the
           growth
           of
           a
           Western
           Monarchy
           ,
           although
           it
           be
           by
           assisting
           Subjects
           against
           their
           Princes
           who
           promote
           it
           :
           And
           then
           follow
           these
           remarkable
           Words
           ;
        
         
           
             You
             are
             to
             know
             therefore
             ,
             that
             to
             prevent
             this
             is
             the
             present
             Care
             of
             the
             King
             and
             State
             ;
             and
             there
             is
             no
             proba●le
             way
             left
             ,
             but
             by
             sending
             of
             Forces
             ,
             and
             other
             Supplies
             ,
             to
             the
             said
             King
             of
             
               Denmark
               ,
            
             to
             enable
             him
             to
             keep
             the
             Field
             ,
             that
             our
             Enemies
             be
             not
             Masters
             of
             all
             on
             a
             sudden
             .
          
           And
           not
           long
           after
           —
           
             If
             he
             be
             not
             presently
             relieved
             ,
             the
             Cause
             of
             Religion
             is
             not
             only
             like
             to
             suffer
             by
             it
             in
             some
             one
             part
             ,
             (
             as
             it
             hath
             already
             in
             a
             fearful
             manner
             in
             the
             
               Palatinate
            
             )
             but
             in
             all
             places
             where
             it
             hath
             got
             any
             footing
             .
             So
             that
             if
             we
             supply
             not
             presently
             our
             Allies
             and
             Consederates
             in
             this
             case
             ,
             
             it
             is
             like
             to
             prove
             the
             Extirpation
             of
             true
             Religion
             ,
             and
             the
             Replanting
             of
             
               Romish
               Superstition
            
             in
             the
             Neighbouring
             parts
             of
             Christendom
             .
             And
             the
             Coldness
             of
             the
             State
             shall
             suffer
             in
             all
             places
             ,
             as
             the
             Betrayers
             of
             that
             Religion
             elsewhere
             ,
             which
             it
             professeth
             and
             honoureth
             at
             home
             ;
             which
             will
             be
             an
             Imputation
             never
             to
             be
             washed
             off
             :
             And
             God
             forbid
             this
             State
             should
             suffer
             under
             it
             .
             —
             And
             in
             the
             last
             place
             :
             You
             are
             to
             call
             upon
             God
             your selves
             ,
             and
             to
             incite
             the
             People
             to
             joyn
             with
             you
             ,
             in
             humble
             and
             hearty
             Prayers
             unto
             God
             ,
             That
             he
             will
             be
             pleased
             now
             ,
             after
             long
             Affliction
             of
             his
             dear
             People
             and
             Children
             ,
             to
             look
             in
             mercy
             both
             upon
             them
             and
             us
             ;
             and
             in
             particular
             for
             the
             Safety
             of
             the
             King
             of
             
               Denmark
               ,
            
             and
             that
             Army
             which
             is
             left
             him
             ,
             That
             God
             would
             bless
             and
             prosper
             him
             against
             his
             and
             our
             Enemies
             .
          
           Thus
           far
           Archbishop
           
             Laud.
             
          
        
         
           Let
           those
           who
           now
           with
           as
           much
           Ignorance
           as
           Confidence
           ,
           upbraid
           Men
           with
           Renouncing
           the
           
             Doctrins
             and
             Principles
             of
             the
             Church
             of
             England
             ,
          
           read
           and
           consider
           these
           Passages
           ;
           and
           if
           any
           thing
           will
           make
           them
           more
           wise
           and
           humble
           ,
           this
           will.
           Did
           Archbishop
           
             Laud
          
           go
           off
           from
           the
           Church
           of
           
             England
             ,
          
           or
           King
           
             Charles
          
           the
           First
           ,
           who
           both
           suffered
           for
           the
           sake
           of
           it
           ?
           But
           some
           Men
           have
           never
           throughly
           penetrated
           into
           the
           
             Doctrins
             and
             Principles
          
           of
           our
           Church
           ,
           but
           look
           only
           on
           some
           Principles
           in
           opposition
           to
           the
           late
           Times
           of
           Rebellion
           ,
           and
           think
           there
           is
           nothing
           farther
           to
           be
           looked
           after
           .
           Whereas
           the
           Consideration
           is
           very
           different
           as
           to
           our
           Duties
           ,
           with
           respect
           to
           our
           own
           Princes
           ,
           and
           those
           of
           a
           more
           general
           Concernment
           as
           to
           the
           state
           of
           Religion
           and
           Government
           in
           the
           World.
           But
           from
           hence
           it
           is
           plain
           ,
           that
           it
           was
           then
           thought
           not
           only
           Lawful
           ,
           but
           a
           Duty
           ,
           to
           prevent
           the
           dangerous
           growth
           of
           such
           a
           Monarchy
           ,
           which
           designs
           to
           suppress
           Religion
           and
           Civil
           Liberties
           ;
           and
           not
           only
           to
           give
           Assistance
           to
           those
           who
           joyn
           in
           the
           same
           Design
           ,
           but
           to
           pray
           God
           to
           bless
           and
           prosper
           it
           .
           And
           accordingly
           a
           Form
           of
           Prayer
           
           was
           then
           Appointed
           for
           those
           Dangerous
           Times
           .
        
         
           Not
           long
           after
           this
           a
           Breach
           with
           
             France
          
           hapned
           ,
           and
           the
           King
           Published
           a
           Declaration
           of
           the
           ground
           of
           the
           War
           ;
           wherein
           it
           is
           laid
           down
           as
           the
           first
           Ground
           ,
           
             That
             the
             House
             of
             
               Austria
            
             Conspiring
             the
             Ruin
             of
             all
             those
             of
             the
             Reformed
             Religion
             (
             as
             plainly
             appeared
             in
             the
             Affairs
             of
             
               Germany
            
             )
             had
             such
             an
             Influence
             on
             the
             Councils
             of
             
               France
               ,
            
             as
             to
             make
             them
             break
             Promise
             in
             such
             a
             manner
             ,
             as
             hazarded
             the
             loss
             of
             the
             whole
             Party
             in
             
               Germany
               .
            
             The
             next
             is
             ,
             "
             That
             he
             had
             broke
             his
             Articles
             with
             his
             
               Protestant
               Subjects
               ,
            
             when
             he
             had
             been
             a
             Mediator
             of
             Peace
             between
             them
             ,
             and
             they
             had
             done
             nothing
             to
             violate
             them
             .
          
           So
           that
           a
           Design
           to
           suppress
           the
           
             Protestant
             Religion
             ,
          
           in
           a
           
             Neighbour
             Country
             ,
          
           was
           looked
           on
           as
           a
           just
           Cause
           of
           War
           ,
           when
           he
           was
           concerned
           to
           preserve
           it
           .
           And
           then
           another
           Form
           of
           Prayer
           was
           Appointed
           to
           be
           used
           suitable
           to
           that
           Occasion
           ;
           which
           plainly
           evidence
           ,
           That
           such
           a
           Design
           was
           no
           ways
           thought
           repugnant
           to
           the
           
             Doctrins
             and
             Principles
             of
             the
             Church
             of
          
           England
           .
        
         
           But
           since
           the
           
             French
             Conduct
          
           seems
           to
           be
           now
           admired
           by
           this
           sort
           of
           Men
           ,
           I
           shall
           bring
           some
           remarkable
           Instances
           from
           them
           .
        
         
           It
           is
           Notorious
           to
           the
           World
           what
           Powerful
           Assistance
           the
           
             French
          
           gave
           to
           the
           Confederate
           Princes
           of
           
             Germany
             ,
          
           against
           the
           Emperour
           ,
           their
           Lawful
           Prince
           ,
           and
           what
           Defence
           they
           made
           for
           this
           .
           They
           Published
           an
           Account
           to
           the
           World
           of
           the
           Reasons
           of
           it
           ,
           and
           the
           Chief
           was
           this
           ;
           
           
             viz.
             
          
           
             That
             they
             had
             Reason
             to
             suspect
             ,
             that
             from
             
               Charles
            
             the
             Fifth's
             Time
             the
             difference
             of
             Religions
             had
             been
             secretly
             supported
             by
             the
             Emperours
             ,
             in
             order
             to
             their
             making
             themselves
             Absolute
             ;
             and
             that
             the
             Changing
             the
             Form
             of
             Government
             in
             the
             Empire
             ,
             was
             sufficient
             for
             a
             Neighbour
             Prince
             to
             interpose
             by
             force
             of
             Arms.
             
          
        
         
         
           In
           the
           Revolt
           of
           
             Catalonia
          
           from
           the
           
             King
          
           of
           
             Spain
             ,
          
           their
           Lawful
           Prince
           ,
           the
           French
           King
           accepted
           of
           the
           Sovereignty
           over
           them
           ,
           being
           offered
           him
           by
           the
           States
           of
           that
           Country
           ,
           and
           caused
           Discourses
           to
           be
           written
           in
           Justification
           of
           their
           Transferring
           their
           Allegeance
           :
           And
           yet
           their
           Complaint
           was
           nothing
           but
           the
           Severity
           of
           the
           
             Spanish
          
           Government
           ,
           and
           a
           desire
           of
           some
           greater
           Liberties
           than
           they
           enjoyed
           under
           it
           .
           Why
           then
           should
           it
           be
           now
           thought
           an
           Unjust
           thing
           ,
           for
           a
           Sovereign
           Prince
           (
           so
           nearly
           related
           to
           the
           Crown
           of
           
             England
          
           )
           to
           espouse
           the
           Cause
           of
           our
           Religions
           and
           Civil
           Interests
           ,
           when
           the
           Design
           was
           so
           apparent
           for
           the
           Suppressing
           them
           ?
           If
           that
           Opportunity
           had
           been
           lost
           ,
           they
           might
           before
           this
           time
           have
           been
           past
           all
           reasonable
           hopes
           of
           Recovery
           .
        
         
           II.
           But
           suppose
           this
           were
           allowed
           ;
           yet
           here
           is
           another
           Difficulty
           ariseth
           ,
           concerning
           the
           transferring
           Allegeance
           from
           a
           Lawful
           Prince
           ,
           to
           him
           that
           met
           with
           unexpected
           Success
           in
           his
           Design
           .
        
         
           And
           here
           I
           shall
           endeavour
           to
           make
           it
           plain
           ,
           That
           this
           is
           not
           against
           the
           
             Doctrins
             and
             Principles
             of
             the
             Church
             of
             England
             .
          
           If
           we
           allow
           the
           Church
           of
           
             England
             ,
          
           to
           have
           declared
           its
           Sense
           in
           the
           Matter
           of
           Government
           ,
           it
           can
           only
           be
           with
           respect
           to
           
             Subjects
             .
          
           But
           I
           think
           the
           Measures
           of
           our
           Obedience
           ,
           are
           not
           to
           be
           taken
           from
           the
           Rules
           of
           the
           Church
           ;
           but
           from
           the
           
             Laws
             of
             the
             Realm
             :
          
           Because
           they
           are
           not
           the
           same
           in
           all
           Countries
           where
           the
           same
           Religion
           is
           Professed
           ;
           as
           is
           plain
           in
           the
           Case
           of
           
             France
          
           and
           
             Poland
             :
          
           The
           Reason
           of
           the
           different
           
             Measures
          
           in
           these
           Countries
           is
           not
           from
           the
           Church
           ,
           but
           from
           the
           different
           Constitution
           of
           the
           Kingdoms
           .
        
         
           And
           I
           do
           not
           see
           how
           the
           Rules
           of
           the
           Church
           can
           alter
           the
           Fundamental
           Laws
           :
           For
           the
           Church
           only
           enforceth
           the
           Duty
           of
           Obedience
           on
           the
           Consciences
           of
           Men
           ;
           but
           it
           doth
           not
           prescribe
           or
           limit
           the
           Bounds
           of
           it
           .
        
         
         
           Whether
           our
           Monarchy
           be
           
             Absolute
             ,
          
           or
           
             Limited
             ;
          
           or
           if
           
             Limited
             ,
          
           whether
           in
           its
           
             Exercise
          
           of
           
             Power
             ,
          
           or
           in
           the
           
             Right
          
           of
           
             Sovereignty
             ;
          
           how
           far
           the
           Limitation
           gives
           a
           Right
           of
           Resistance
           ,
           in
           case
           of
           the
           Breach
           of
           it
           ;
           are
           nice
           Questions
           ,
           but
           not
           to
           be
           Resolv'd
           by
           the
           Rules
           of
           the
           Church
           ;
           but
           by
           our
           Legal
           Constitution
           and
           the
           General
           Reason
           of
           Mankind
           :
           And
           therefore
           in
           such
           Cases
           ,
           where
           the
           Right
           of
           War
           and
           a
           Foreign
           Power
           are
           concerned
           ,
           we
           are
           not
           to
           judge
           meerly
           by
           Municipal
           Laws
           ,
           but
           we
           are
           to
           proceed
           by
           a
           more
           General
           
             Law
             ,
             viz.
          
           that
           of
           
             Nations
             ,
          
           which
           takes
           in
           the
           Effects
           of
           a
           just
           War
           ,
           which
           the
           particular
           
             Laws
          
           of
           a
           Country
           have
           n●
           regard
           to
           .
        
         
           But
           where
           hath
           the
           
             Church
          
           of
           
             England
          
           declared
           its
           sense
           about
           the
           
             Right
             of
             War
             ?
          
           The
           
             Articles
          
           of
           our
           Church
           declare
           ,
           
             that
             the
             chief
             Government
             of
             all
             Estates
             of
             this
             Realm
             ,
             doth
             appertain
             to
             the
             Civil
             Magistrate
             :
          
           But
           they
           no
           where
           say
           ,
           that
           in
           a
           just
           War
           the
           Supream
           Power
           cannot
           be
           acquired
           ;
           or
           that
           God
           doth
           never
           confer
           it
           in
           an
           extraordinary
           method
           .
        
         
           The
           Book
           of
           
             Homilies
          
           is
           very
           severe
           against
           
             Disobedience
          
           and
           
             wilful
             Rebellion
             ;
          
           but
           it
           is
           no
           where
           said
           ,
           that
           where
           the
           Right
           of
           Sovereignty
           is
           transferred
           by
           a
           successful
           War
           ,
           there
           is
           no
           Allegeance
           due
           to
           those
           who
           possess
           it
           :
           On
           the
           contrary
           it
           is
           said
           in
           the
           first
           Part
           ,
           
             That
             If
             God
             for
             their
             wickedness
             ,
             had
             given
             them
             an
             Heathen
             Tyrant
             to
             Reign
             over
             them
             ,
             they
             were
             by
             God's
             Word
             bound
             to
             obey
             him
             ,
             and
             to
             pray
             for
             him
             .
          
           Can
           it
           then
           be
           agreeable
           to
           the
           
             Doctrins
          
           and
           
             Principles
             of
             our
             Church
             ,
          
           to
           refuse
           Allegeance
           to
           good
           Religious
           Princes
           ,
           whom
           God
           hath
           made
           the
           happy
           Instruments
           of
           preserving
           our
           Religion
           and
           Liberties
           ?
        
         
           In
           the
           same
           Part
           ,
           
             the
             Iews
             are
             commended
             for
             praying
             for
             the
             King
             of
             Babylon
             ,
             when
             they
             were
             in
             Captivity
             ,
             that
             they
             might
             live
             under
             his
             Protection
             ,
             and
             do
             him
             Service
             ,
             and
             find
             Favour
             in
             his
             sight
             .
          
           And
           what
           is
           this
           short
           of
           Allegeance
           to
           one
           ,
           who
           had
           nothing
           but
           bare
           Success
           in
           War
           ,
           to
           plead
           
           for
           his
           Title
           to
           it
           ?
           If
           any
           Princes
           of
           their
           own
           Religion
           had
           rescued
           them
           from
           that
           Captivity
           ,
           would
           they
           have
           scrupled
           Allegeance
           to
           them
           ,
           when
           we
           see
           how
           far
           the
           
             Maccabees
          
           went
           in
           the
           Defence
           of
           their
           Religion
           and
           Laws
           ?
        
         
           In
           the
           Second
           Part
           ,
           the
           obedience
           of
           the
           
             Iewish
             Nation
          
           to
           
             Augustus
          
           is
           commended
           ;
           and
           it
           is
           evident
           that
           he
           had
           no
           Authority
           over
           them
           ,
           but
           by
           the
           Right
           of
           War.
           And
           our
           Blessed
           Saviour's
           example
           is
           mentioned
           ,
           
             who
             being
             brought
             before
             the
             Roman
             President
             ,
             acknowledged
             his
             Power
             and
             Authority
             ,
             to
             be
             given
             him
             from
             God.
          
           And
           how
           was
           this
           Authority
           conveyed
           to
           him
           ,
           but
           by
           the
           success
           of
           War
           ?
        
         
           So
           that
           we
           can
           find
           nothing
           ,
           in
           the
           certain
           established
           
             Doctrin
             and
             Principles
             of
             our
             Church
             ,
          
           which
           is
           repugnant
           to
           our
           Allegeance
           to
           the
           present
           Government
           .
           I
           might
           easily
           produce
           considerable
           Testimonies
           ,
           of
           some
           of
           the
           greatest
           Divines
           of
           our
           Church
           ,
           which
           assert
           ,
           that
           Soverignty
           may
           be
           transferred
           by
           a
           just
           War
           ;
           but
           I
           leave
           that
           to
           others
           ,
           and
           proceed
           .
        
         
           Mr
           Ashton
           saith
           ,
           
             That
             we
             were
             born
             leige
             Subjects
             to
             another
             ;
             that
             we
             have
             solemnly
             professed
             our
             Allegeance
             ,
             and
             often
             confirmed
             it
             with
             Oaths
             .
          
           I
           know
           no
           body
           denies
           it
           .
           But
           is
           this
           all
           ?
           Is
           our
           Allegeance
           so
           
             inseparable
          
           from
           the
           Person
           we
           have
           once
           sworn
           to
           ,
           that
           no
           Case
           whatsoever
           ,
           can
           alter
           it
           ?
           Not
           the
           Case
           of
           plain
           voluntary
           Dereliction
           ?
           Not
           the
           Case
           of
           putting
           the
           Kingdom
           under
           a
           Foreign
           Power
           ?
           Not
           the
           seeking
           the
           utter
           Ruin
           and
           Destruction
           of
           the
           People
           ?
           Is
           Allegeance
           inseparable
           in
           these
           Cases
           ,
           because
           we
           were
           Born
           Subjects
           and
           did
           swear
           Allegeance
           ?
           If
           not
           ,
           then
           it
           is
           not
           always
           so
           ,
           notwithstanding
           the
           Oaths
           .
           For
           these
           and
           several
           others
           are
           allowed
           ,
           by
           such
           who
           have
           written
           the
           most
           warmly
           against
           the
           republican
           Principles
           .
           But
           we
           need
           not
           run
           to
           any
           difficult
           Cases
           :
           Ours
           is
           only
           the
           case
           of
           a
           just
           War
           ;
           which
           is
           allowed
           by
           all
           sorts
           of
           
             Casuists
             ,
          
           who
           do
           agree
           ,
           that
           Allegeance
           is
           due
           to
           the
           Party
           that
           prevails
           in
           it
           ;
           and
           if
           it
           be
           due
           to
           one
           ,
           it
           cannot
           be
           due
           to
           another
           ,
           at
           the
           same
           time
           ,
           altho'
           he
           be
           living
           
           and
           do
           not
           discharge
           Persons
           from
           their
           Oaths
           ;
           for
           the
           obligation
           of
           Oaths
           ,
           depends
           on
           the
           nature
           and
           Reason
           of
           things
           ,
           and
           not
           upon
           the
           Pleasure
           of
           those
           to
           whom
           they
           are
           made
           .
           But
           where
           there
           is
           a
           Right
           to
           govern
           ,
           there
           must
           be
           a
           Duty
           of
           Allegeance
           :
           And
           that
           Success
           in
           a
           just
           War
           ,
           doth
           give
           such
           a
           Right
           ,
           I
           could
           produce
           so
           many
           Testimonies
           ,
           of
           all
           kinds
           of
           Writers
           ,
           as
           would
           make
           the
           Reading
           of
           them
           as
           tedious
           ,
           as
           of
           those
           in
           the
           History
           of
           
             Passive
             Obedience
             .
          
           Nay
           ,
           some
           go
           so
           far
           ,
           as
           to
           assert
           a
           Right
           of
           Sovereignty
           to
           be
           acquired
           by
           success
           ,
           even
           in
           an
           
             Unjust
             War
             :
          
           But
           we
           need
           none
           of
           these
           Testimonies
           .
        
         
           
             But
             doth
             not
             all
             this
             resolve
             this
             whole
             Controversy
             into
             a
             Right
             of
             Conquest
             ,
             which
             is
             not
             so
             much
             as
             pretended
             in
             our
             present
             Case
             ?
          
        
         
           I
           Answer
           ,
           That
           we
           must
           distinguish
           between
           a
           
             Right
             to
             the
             Government
             ,
          
           and
           the
           
             Manner
             of
             Assuming
             it
             .
          
           The
           
             Right
          
           was
           founded
           on
           the
           
             Iust
             Causes
          
           of
           the
           War
           ,
           and
           the
           success
           in
           it
           :
           But
           the
           assuming
           of
           it
           was
           not
           by
           any
           ways
           of
           force
           or
           violence
           ,
           but
           by
           a
           Free
           
             Consent
          
           of
           the
           
             People
             ,
          
           who
           by
           a
           
             voluntary
             Recognition
             ,
          
           and
           their
           Majesties
           acceptance
           of
           the
           Government
           ,
           as
           it
           is
           setled
           by
           our
           Laws
           ,
           take
           away
           any
           pretence
           to
           a
           Conquest
           over
           the
           People
           ,
           or
           a
           Government
           by
           Force
           .
        
         
           Thus
           I
           have
           endeavoured
           to
           set
           this
           matter
           in
           as
           clear
           a
           light
           ,
           and
           in
           as
           little
           a
           compass
           as
           I
           could
           :
           I
           now
           return
           to
           Mr.
           
           Ashton's
           Speech
           .
        
         
           Next
           to
           his
           Obligation
           on
           the
           Point
           of
           Religion
           ,
           he
           mentions
           that
           of
           
             Gratitude
             to
             the
             King
             his
             Master
             ,
             whom
             he
             had
             served
             16
             years
             ,
             —
             But
             this
             ,
             he
             adds
             ,
             is
             a
             thing
             not
             much
             esteemed
             at
             this
             time
             .
          
           As
           little
           as
           it
           is
           esteemed
           ,
           I
           know
           no
           body
           would
           have
           blamed
           his
           
             Gratitude
             ,
          
           if
           it
           had
           not
           carried
           him
           beyond
           the
           bounds
           of
           his
           
             Duty
             .
          
           But
           it
           is
           strange
           ,
           he
           should
           be
           so
           much
           for
           
             Gratitude
             ,
          
           and
           yet
           should
           allow
           none
           for
           so
           
           
             great
             a
             Deliverance
             .
          
           What
           is
           16
           years
           service
           to
           the
           Preservation
           of
           a
           Nation
           ,
           from
           the
           imminent
           danger
           of
           
             Popery
          
           and
           
             Arbitrary
             Power
             ?
          
           Such
           men
           look
           but
           a
           very
           little
           way
           ,
           who
           talk
           at
           this
           rate
           :
           And
           can
           they
           imagine
           a
           
             French
             Power
             ,
          
           under
           our
           Circumstances
           ,
           could
           secure
           any
           thing
           to
           us
           ,
           but
           Ruin
           ?
        
         
           As
           to
           his
           
             Master's
             usage
             ,
          
           which
           he
           saith
           ,
           
             after
             the
             Prince
             of
          
           Orange's
           
             Arrival
             ,
             was
             very
             hard
             ,
             severe
             ;
             and
             ,
             if
             he
             may
             say
             it
             ,
             unjust
             .
          
           I
           would
           desire
           his
           Friends
           to
           consider
           a
           little
           better
           ,
           and
           to
           think
           ,
           if
           any
           such
           thing
           as
           Severity
           had
           been
           intended
           ,
           how
           easy
           it
           had
           been
           to
           have
           Executed
           it
           ,
           and
           to
           have
           prevented
           his
           going
           away
           ;
           and
           consequently
           ,
           a
           great
           deal
           of
           the
           charge
           of
           the
           War
           ,
           he
           complains
           of
           immediately
           after
           .
           Let
           them
           name
           any
           one
           Person
           in
           such
           Circumstances
           ,
           who
           was
           allowed
           so
           great
           freedom
           as
           he
           had
           ,
           of
           disposing
           of
           himself
           :
           But
           this
           is
           very
           far
           for
           Mr.
           
           Ashton's
           occasion
           of
           Suffering
           .
        
         
           Well
           ,
           
             But
             all
             the
             new
             Methods
             of
             Setling
             ,
             have
             hitherto
             ,
          
           he
           saith
           ,
           
             made
             the
             Nation
             more
             miserable
             ,
             poor
             ,
             and
             exposed
             to
             Foreign
             Enemies
             .
          
           It
           is
           possible
           such
           may
           believe
           ,
           that
           the
           Nation
           would
           be
           less
           
             miserable
          
           and
           
             poor
          
           under
           the
           
             French
             Power
             ,
          
           than
           it
           is
           now
           .
           But
           no
           man
           who
           observes
           the
           vast
           designs
           of
           
             France
             ,
          
           and
           the
           incredible
           industry
           of
           the
           
             French
             Monarch
             ,
          
           to
           inlarge
           his
           own
           Power
           and
           Dominions
           ,
           can
           think
           (
           if
           he
           thinks
           twice
           )
           that
           ever
           he
           should
           undertake
           so
           great
           a
           Work
           ,
           out
           of
           kindness
           to
           any
           but
           himself
           ;
           much
           less
           ,
           out
           of
           perfect
           good
           will
           to
           the
           
             English
             Nation
             .
          
           Hath
           he
           given
           so
           much
           evidence
           to
           the
           World
           of
           his
           
             Sincerity
          
           in
           his
           Promises
           ,
           when
           the
           keeping
           of
           them
           hath
           been
           prejudicial
           to
           his
           Interest
           ?
           Suppose
           he
           should
           compass
           his
           end
           upon
           us
           ,
           and
           under
           so
           fair
           a
           Colour
           ,
           make
           Provinces
           of
           these
           Kingdoms
           ;
           what
           possible
           remedy
           would
           there
           be
           for
           this
           ,
           then
           indeed
           ,
           
             poor
             and
             miserable
             Nation
             ?
          
           What
           comfort
           will
           it
           then
           be
           to
           say
           ,
           
             they
             did
             not
             think
             he
             would
             have
             broken
             his
             word
             so
             with
             them
             ?
          
           In
           the
           mean
           time
           ,
           Is
           it
           not
           great
           
             Wisdom
          
           and
           
           
             Policy
             ,
          
           to
           venture
           our
           Religion
           ,
           and
           all
           our
           Liberties
           on
           the
           sincerity
           and
           kindness
           of
           
             France
             ?
          
           But
           if
           there
           be
           any
           present
           hardship
           ,
           it
           is
           no
           more
           than
           a
           necessary
           War
           involves
           our
           Neighbours
           in
           as
           well
           as
           our selves
           ;
           and
           that
           in
           a
           common
           Cause
           ,
           for
           preserving
           the
           Liberty
           of
           
             Europe
             ,
          
           against
           the
           growing
           Power
           of
           
             France
             ,
          
           as
           it
           did
           formerly
           of
           
             Spain
             .
          
        
         
           But
           there
           is
           another
           Insinuation
           of
           a
           higher
           nature
           ,
           viz.
           
             that
             the
             Religion
             we
             pretend
             to
             be
             so
             fond
             of
             preserving
             ,
             is
             now
             much
             more
             than
             ever
             ,
             likely
             to
             be
             destroyed
             .
          
           What
           is
           the
           meaning
           of
           this
           ?
           What!
           More
           in
           danger
           than
           when
           Penal
           Laws
           and
           Tests
           were
           taking
           away
           ,
           in
           order
           to
           the
           taking
           away
           our
           Religion
           after
           them
           ?
           When
           the
           design
           was
           as
           plain
           ,
           and
           open
           as
           a
           thing
           of
           that
           nature
           could
           be
           ,
           in
           such
           a
           Nation
           ?
           When
           some
           of
           the
           Factors
           themselves
           complained
           ,
           they
           made
           too
           much
           haste
           ,
           and
           were
           too
           eager
           and
           forward
           ,
           to
           accomplish
           it
           .
           And
           altho'
           nothing
           was
           then
           pretended
           ,
           but
           the
           setling
           
             Liberty
             of
             Conscience
          
           upon
           a
           new
           
             Magna
             Charta
             ,
          
           yet
           all
           wise
           Men
           saw
           through
           these
           pretences
           ,
           and
           that
           nothing
           was
           really
           designed
           but
           Popery
           ;
           which
           the
           Jesuits
           did
           not
           conceal
           in
           their
           Letters
           to
           each
           other
           :
           One
           of
           the
           which
           hapned
           to
           be
           intercepted
           ;
           and
           the
           thing
           it self
           ,
           is
           now
           fully
           owned
           in
           the
           Kings
           own
           Letter
           to
           the
           Pope
           ,
           printed
           at
           the
           end
           of
           the
           late
           Trials
           .
           So
           that
           there
           must
           be
           a
           design
           ,
           either
           to
           deceive
           the
           Pope
           ,
           or
           the
           Nation
           ;
           and
           which
           is
           the
           more
           probable
           ,
           let
           any
           man
           of
           sense
           judge
           .
        
         
           But
           where
           lies
           the
           danger
           of
           our
           Religion
           now
           ?
           Have
           we
           not
           the
           same
           Laws
           ,
           the
           same
           Protection
           ,
           the
           same
           Encouragement
           ,
           which
           we
           ever
           had
           ,
           at
           any
           time
           since
           the
           Reformation
           ?
           If
           our
           Religion
           be
           now
           in
           danger
           ,
           it
           is
           by
           such
           men
           who
           would
           bring
           in
           the
           
             French
             Power
          
           to
           establish
           it
           ;
           however
           it
           be
           disguised
           under
           another
           Pretext
           .
        
         
           After
           this
           follows
           a
           Charge
           of
           no
           less
           than
           
             Perjury
          
           and
           
             Rebellion
             ,
          
           upon
           his
           Fellow
           Subjects
           ;
           
             whom
             ,
          
           he
           adviseth
           
             to
             return
             to
             their
             Allegeance
             ,
             before
             the
             Iudgments
             of
             God
             overtake
             them
             ,
             for
             their
             Perjury
          
           
           
             and
             Rebellion
             .
          
           This
           is
           a
           heavy
           Charge
           indeed
           ,
           upon
           the
           Body
           of
           the
           Nation
           ,
           which
           hath
           taken
           the
           Oaths
           of
           Allegeance
           to
           their
           Majesties
           :
           But
           if
           it
           be
           true
           ,
           it
           is
           accusing
           the
           greatest
           part
           of
           mankind
           of
           these
           Sins
           ,
           who
           have
           hapned
           to
           live
           in
           the
           time
           of
           any
           great
           Revolutions
           ,
           or
           changes
           of
           Government
           .
           Was
           the
           Nation
           
             Forsworn
             ,
          
           in
           the
           times
           of
           
             William
          
           the
           Conqueror
           ,
           and
           his
           two
           Sons
           ,
           and
           his
           Nephew
           ?
           Was
           it
           
             Forsworn
          
           all
           the
           time
           of
           King
           
             Iohn
             ,
          
           and
           the
           several
           Reigns
           of
           the
           4th
           ,
           5th
           ,
           6th
           and
           7th
           
             Henries
             ?
          
           One
           would
           think
           it
           better
           became
           a
           dying
           man
           to
           judge
           more
           charitably
           of
           his
           Fellow
           Subjects
           .
           Had
           he
           never
           heard
           of
           the
           Law
           of
           
             England
             ,
          
           requiring
           Allegeance
           to
           the
           King
           ,
           on
           account
           of
           the
           Possession
           of
           the
           Crown
           ;
           and
           that
           our
           most
           eminent
           Lawyers
           ,
           in
           peaceable
           and
           quiet
           Times
           ,
           have
           been
           of
           that
           Opinion
           ?
           Methinks
           at
           least
           ,
           that
           should
           make
           modest
           men
           ,
           not
           so
           peremptory
           in
           such
           a
           Charge
           ;
           for
           it
           is
           to
           make
           ,
           such
           an
           Oath
           unlawful
           ,
           which
           the
           Law
           makes
           not
           only
           lawful
           ,
           but
           a
           Duty
           .
           And
           when
           the
           greatest
           Lawyers
           this
           Nation
           hath
           had
           thought
           this
           a
           part
           of
           our
           Law
           ;
           shall
           such
           who
           confess
           themselves
           
             unskilful
             in
             the
             Law
             ,
          
           charge
           the
           Nation
           with
           Perjury
           ,
           for
           taking
           an
           Oath
           ,
           which
           the
           Law
           requires
           ?
        
         
           But
           if
           our
           Law
           did
           not
           require
           it
           ,
           there
           is
           such
           a
           general
           consent
           in
           mankind
           about
           it
           ,
           that
           it
           seems
           to
           me
           ,
           to
           be
           a
           
             Law
             of
             Nations
             ,
          
           That
           an
           Oath
           of
           Fidelity
           should
           follow
           Possession
           ;
           because
           otherwise
           ,
           there
           would
           be
           infinite
           snares
           to
           the
           Consciences
           of
           all
           such
           who
           are
           required
           to
           obey
           ,
           but
           are
           not
           bound
           to
           enquire
           into
           the
           
             Rights
          
           of
           
             War.
             
          
        
         
           Is
           it
           Perjury
           and
           Rebellion
           in
           the
           new
           
             French
          
           Conquests
           ,
           for
           the
           Inhabitants
           to
           take
           Oaths
           of
           Fidelity
           to
           the
           
             French
          
           King
           ?
           If
           not
           ,
           how
           comes
           it
           to
           be
           so
           here
           ?
           Is
           there
           not
           the
           same
           
             Right
          
           of
           
             War
          
           here
           as
           abroad
           ?
        
         
           Was
           it
           
             Perjury
          
           and
           
             Rebellion
          
           in
           the
           Subjects
           of
           the
           King
           of
           
             Spain
          
           in
           
             Portugal
             ,
          
           to
           take
           a
           new
           
             Oath
          
           of
           
             Allegeance
          
           to
           the
           Duke
           of
           
             Braganza
             ,
          
           when
           he
           was
           declared
           
             King
             ?
          
           And
           yet
           they
           were
           all
           sworn
           before
           ,
           not
           only
           to
           the
           
             King
          
           of
           
             Spain
             ,
          
           
           but
           
             to
             his
             Heirs
             :
          
           And
           even
           the
           Duke
           himself
           ,
           had
           not
           only
           taken
           this
           Oath
           ;
           but
           the
           
             Spaniard
          
           particularly
           charged
           him
           with
           
             Perjury
             ,
          
           and
           great
           
             Ingratitude
             :
          
           Yet
           the
           obligation
           to
           his
           Countries
           good
           ▪
           was
           then
           thought
           to
           overrule
           that
           Personal
           Obligation
           to
           the
           King
           of
           
             Spain
             .
          
        
         
           But
           if
           they
           were
           all
           guilty
           of
           
             Perjury
          
           and
           
             Rebellion
             ;
          
           how
           came
           the
           other
           Princes
           of
           
             Europe
          
           so
           frankly
           and
           readily
           to
           own
           his
           Government
           ;
           and
           the
           
             French
             ,
          
           as
           much
           and
           as
           early
           as
           any
           ,
           sending
           Assistance
           by
           Sea
           and
           Land
           to
           support
           it
           ?
           But
           in
           this
           Revolution
           of
           
             Portugal
             ,
          
           the
           best
           Title
           was
           the
           Success
           of
           War
           ,
           sounded
           on
           a
           remote
           Title
           to
           the
           Crown
           ,
           when
           the
           King
           of
           
             Spain
          
           had
           enjoyed
           the
           Possession
           of
           that
           Crown
           to
           the
           Third
           Generation
           .
        
         
           But
           it
           may
           be
           said
           ,
           
             That
             the
             Practices
             of
             other
             People
             are
             to
             be
             no
             Rule
             ●o
             us
             ;
             and
             that
             we
             are
             not
             to
             be
             guided
             by
             bad
             Precedents
             abroad
             ,
             but
             by
             the
             Principles
             and
             Doctrins
             of
             our
             own
             Church
             .
          
           This
           were
           to
           the
           purpose
           ,
           if
           our
           Church
           had
           any
           where
           declared
           ,
           Taking
           such
           an
           Oath
           to
           be
           
             Perjury
             .
          
           But
           where
           is
           that
           done
           ?
           I
           confess
           ,
           I
           can
           find
           no
           such
           thing
           :
           And
           if
           Mr
           
             Ashton
          
           (
           or
           his
           Friends
           )
           had
           made
           such
           a
           Discovery
           ,
           they
           ought
           to
           have
           told
           the
           World
           of
           it
           .
           But
           if
           there
           be
           no
           such
           
             Declaration
          
           to
           be
           met
           with
           ,
           then
           we
           are
           left
           to
           the
           ▪
           General
           Rules
           of
           Conscience
           ,
           and
           the
           Common
           Reason
           of
           Mankind
           ;
           according
           to
           which
           ,
           I
           see
           no
           ground
           for
           this
           heavy
           Charge
           of
           
             Perjury
          
           and
           
             Rebellion
          
           in
           our
           present
           Case
           .
        
         
           But
           although
           Mr.
           
             Ashton
          
           be
           so
           abundantly
           satisfied
           in
           the
           Design
           he
           mentions
           ,
           
             that
             if
             he
             had
             ten
             thousand
             Lives
             ,
             he
             would
             sacrifice
             them
             all
             in
             so
             good
             and
             necessary
             a
             Work
             ;
          
           yet
           the
           Remainder
           of
           his
           Speech
           is
           spent
           in
           clearing
           his
           Innocency
           as
           to
           the
           Fact
           for
           which
           he
           was
           Condemned
           .
           If
           it
           was
           so
           Meritorious
           an
           Act
           to
           Die
           in
           such
           a
           Cause
           ,
           a
           Man
           might
           have
           been
           tempted
           to
           be
           thought
           Guilty
           .
        
         
         
           But
           before
           he
           could
           think
           fit
           to
           Die
           in
           Charity
           with
           all
           the
           World
           ,
           he
           saith
           several
           things
           with
           a
           Design
           to
           blacken
           the
           
             Iudges
             ,
          
           the
           
             Iury
             ,
          
           and
           the
           
             Government
             .
          
        
         
           The
           
             Iudges
          
           he
           Accuses
           of
           a
           
             Severe
             Charge
             ,
          
           and
           
             the
             Hard
             Measure
             he
             received
          
           —
           .
        
         
           As
           to
           the
           latter
           ,
           it
           is
           a
           very
           odd
           kind
           of
           
             Hard
             Measure
             ,
          
           when
           he
           was
           so
           very
           little
           sensible
           of
           it
           then
           ,
           that
           he
           said
           ,
           
             He
             did
             not
             Complain
             of
             the
             Court
             ,
          
           fo
           .
           112.
           and
           more
           fully
           afterwards
           ,
           fo
           .
           115.
           
           
             I
             cannot
             but
             own
             I
             have
             had
             a
             fair
             Trial
             for
             my
             Life
             .
          
           Where
           was
           the
           Hard
           Measure
           then
           ?
           Therefore
           this
           could
           not
           be
           Mr.
           
           Ashton's
           Sense
           ,
           unless
           he
           would
           contradict
           himself
           ;
           and
           those
           who
           would
           free
           him
           from
           it
           ,
           must
           take
           these
           Words
           to
           have
           been
           written
           by
           others
           ,
           who
           thought
           to
           serve
           another
           End
           by
           it
           ;
           and
           were
           not
           so
           near
           giving
           an
           Account
           for
           such
           Calumnies
           .
        
         
           The
           severity
           of
           the
           Charge
           lay
           in
           applying
           the
           Statute
           25
           
             Edw.
          
           3.
           to
           his
           Fact.
           Which
           was
           a
           
             Design
             to
             carry
             into
             France
             a
             Treasonable
             Scheme
             and
             Project
             of
             an
             Invasion
             ,
             in
             order
             to
             the
             deposing
             the
             King
             and
             Queen
             .
          
           This
           last
           the
           Judges
           declared
           ,
           
             had
             been
             always
             held
             to
             be
             High-Treason
             .
          
           All
           the
           Question
           was
           then
           ,
           Whether
           such
           a
           Fact
           were
           an
           
             Overt-Act
          
           of
           such
           a
           Design
           ;
           and
           so
           it
           was
           left
           to
           the
           Jury
           ,
           whether
           Mr.
           
             Ashton
          
           intended
           to
           go
           over
           with
           such
           a
           Design
           or
           not
           .
           If
           there
           be
           any
           Severity
           here
           ,
           it
           must
           be
           in
           the
           Law
           ;
           and
           that
           all
           those
           who
           suffer
           by
           a
           Law
           ,
           are
           apt
           to
           complain
           of
           .
        
         
           He
           particularly
           chargeth
           
             that
             Iudge
             ,
          
           and
           
             that
             Iury-man
             ,
             who
             did
             ,
          
           he
           saith
           ,
           
             signally
             contrary
             to
             common
             Iustice
             ,
             expose
             themselves
             to
             destroy
             him
             .
          
           This
           is
           a
           very
           hard
           Charge
           from
           a
           Dying
           man
           ,
           and
           ought
           to
           have
           great
           Evidence
           to
           reconcile
           it
           to
           
             common
             Charity
             ;
          
           but
           he
           offers
           none
           .
           The
           
             Iury
          
           were
           to
           Act
           according
           to
           their
           Consciences
           ;
           and
           if
           they
           did
           so
           ,
           how
           could
           they
           
             expose
             themselves
             contrary
             to
             common
             Iustice
             to
             destroy
             him
             ?
          
           But
           what
           Evidence
           doth
           he
           give
           ,
           that
           they
           did
           not
           so
           ?
           Some
           have
           told
           him
           ,
           
             that
             he
             was
             the
             first
             man
             that
             was
             ever
             Condemned
             for
             High
             Treason
             ,
             upon
             bare
             suspicion
             or
             Presumption
             ,
          
           
           
             and
             that
             contrary
             to
             my
             Lord
          
           Cook
           
             and
             other
             Eminent
             Lawyers
             Opinions
             .
          
        
         
           The
           main
           point
           as
           to
           the
           
             Iury
             ,
          
           was
           ,
           Whether
           they
           were
           satisfied
           in
           their
           Consciences
           ,
           that
           Mr.
           
             Ashton
          
           intended
           to
           go
           into
           
             France
          
           with
           such
           a
           Design
           ?
           And
           where
           the
           Fact
           lies
           in
           the
           
             Intention
             .
          
           there
           can
           be
           no
           direct
           Evidence
           (
           without
           seeing
           the
           Hea●t
           ;
           )
           but
           it
           must
           be
           gathered
           from
           a
           Concurrence
           of
           Circumstances
           ,
           strong
           enough
           to
           determine
           an
           honest
           mans
           Judgment
           :
           And
           such
           the
           
             Iury
          
           believed
           to
           be
           in
           his
           Case
           .
           
             My
             Lord
             Cooks
          
           words
           are
           on
           the
           Case
           of
           Treason
           
             That
             the
             Compassing
             ,
             Intent
             :
             or
             Imagination
             ,
             thô
             secret
             ,
             is
             to
             be
             tried
             by
             the
             Peers
             ,
             and
             to
             be
             discovered
             by
             Circumstances
             precedent
             ,
             concomitant
             and
             subsequent
             ,
             with
             all
             endeavour
             evermore
             for
             the
             safety
             of
             the
             King.
             
          
        
         
           It
           is
           true
           ,
           he
           saith
           afterwards
           ,
           
             Fol.
          
           1●
           .
           
             That
             conjectural
             Presumptions
             ,
             or
             Inferences
             ,
             or
             strains
             of
             Wit
             ,
             are
             not
             sufficient
             ,
          
           but
           there
           must
           be
           
             good
             and
             manifest
             Proof
             ;
          
           but
           still
           this
           Proof
           must
           be
           such
           as
           the
           thing
           will
           bear
           ;
           for
           there
           can
           be
           no
           
             direct
             and
             plain
             proof
          
           of
           a
           secret
           Intention
           :
           Either
           therefore
           no
           man
           can
           be
           justly
           Condemned
           for
           a
           secret
           Intention
           ,
           manifested
           by
           an
           
             Overt-Act
             ,
          
           or
           there
           must
           be
           such
           a
           Proof
           allowed
           ,
           as
           is
           sufficient
           to
           satisfie
           a
           mans
           Conscience
           ,
           although
           it
           come
           not
           up
           to
           plain
           and
           direct
           Evidence
           ,
           as
           it
           is
           opposed
           to
           the
           highest
           degree
           of
           Presumption
           .
        
         
           But
           it
           may
           be
           said
           ,
           
             that
             the
             Presumption
             lies
             in
             judging
             the
             Intention
             from
             the
          
           Overt
           Act
           ,
           
             but
             that
          
           Overt-Act
           
             must
             be
             manifestly
             proved
             .
             ▪
          
           The
           
             Overt-Act
          
           in
           this
           case
           was
           the
           
             carrying
             over
             Treasonable
             Papers
             into
          
           France
           ,
           
             in
             order
             to
             an
             Invasion
             .
          
           The
           sole
           Question
           then
           was
           ,
           Whether
           there
           was
           
             manifest
             proof
          
           as
           to
           these
           Papers
           .
           That
           the
           Papers
           were
           found
           about
           him
           was
           manifestly
           proved
           ;
           and
           he
           owns
           
             Fol.
          
           110.
           
             that
             they
             were
             unfortunately
             found
             upon
             him
             ;
          
           but
           he
           saith
           
             that
             he
             knew
             not
             the
             Importance
             of
             them
             .
          
           It
           was
           manifestly
           proved
           ,
           that
           he
           had
           an
           extraordinary
           Concernment
           to
           have
           these
           Papers
           
           thrown
           Over
           ▪
           board
           ;
           which
           he
           saith
           
             was
             perfectly
             out
             of
             Friend
             ship
             ,
          
           and
           whether
           that
           was
           a
           true
           Answer
           ,
           was
           left
           to
           the
           Consciences
           of
           the
           
             Iury
             ,
          
           who
           were
           to
           judge
           of
           this
           by
           all
           the
           
             Circumstances
             antecedent
             ,
             concomitant
             and
             subsequent
             ,
          
           by
           which
           they
           did
           conclude
           him
           Guilty
           .
           And
           I
           cannot
           see
           how
           they
           went
           against
           
             Common
             Iustice
          
           therein
           ;
           especially
           since
           Mr.
           
             Ashton
          
           well
           knew
           ▪
           that
           one
           of
           the
           most
           material
           Papers
           taken
           ,
           was
           of
           his
           own
           
             Hand
             writing
             ;
          
           not
           the
           first
           Draught
           ,
           but
           the
           Copy
           which
           was
           shewed
           him
           in
           the
           Court
           ;
           and
           when
           it
           was
           so
           ,
           he
           desired
           ,
           
             Fol.
          
           106.
           
             that
             the
             Original
             may
             be
             read
             ,
             and
             not
             the
             Copy
             ;
          
           and
           he
           had
           good
           reason
           for
           it
           :
           For
           as
           far
           as
           I
           can
           judge
           ,
           upon
           perusal
           of
           both
           ,
           it
           is
           the
           very
           same
           Hand
           in
           which
           this
           Speech
           was
           written
           .
           But
           what
           said
           Mr.
           
             Ashton
          
           to
           the
           
             Iury
             ,
          
           to
           clear
           this
           matter
           ?
           He
           faith
           ,
           
             Fol.
          
           129.
           
           
             That
             his
             hand
             was
             not
             proved
             to
             any
             of
             the
             Papers
             ,
             and
             therefore
             there
             was
             nothing
             but
             supposition
             or
             suspicion
             against
             him
             .
          
           It
           is
           true
           ,
           there
           was
           no
           direct
           and
           plain
           proof
           of
           the
           Hand
           ,
           as
           there
           was
           in
           the
           case
           of
           my
           
             Lord
             Preston
             ;
          
           (
           and
           it
           is
           a
           wonder
           it
           was
           omitted
           ,
           for
           that
           would
           have
           been
           plain
           proof
           of
           his
           
             knowing
             what
             was
             in
             those
             Papers
             :
          
           )
           However
           ,
           all
           the
           other
           Circumstances
           put
           together
           ,
           were
           a
           sufficient
           proof
           of
           his
           Privity
           to
           the
           Contents
           of
           them
           .
        
         
           And
           I
           wonder
           how
           Mr.
           
             Ashton
             ,
          
           could
           so
           confidently
           in
           his
           Paper
           
             declare
             himself
             Innocent
             ,
             as
             to
             the
             matter
             for
             which
             he
             was
             Sentenced
             to
             Die
             ,
          
           when
           he
           knew
           the
           Paper
           was
           of
           his
           own
           Hand
           writing
           ,
           and
           plain
           proof
           hath
           been
           since
           made
           of
           his
           own
           delivery
           of
           it
           to
           a
           third
           Person
           .
           Can
           a
           man
           be
           Innocent
           and
           Guilty
           of
           the
           same
           thing
           ?
        
         
           The
           only
           thing
           to
           be
           taken
           notice
           of
           ,
           which
           remains
           ,
           is
           ,
           a
           Reflection
           on
           the
           Government
           for
           his
           
             Close
             Imprisonment
             ,
             and
             the
             hasty
             and
             violent
             Proceedings
             against
             him
             .
          
           If
           there
           were
           any
           thing
           more
           than
           usual
           in
           such
           cases
           ,
           as
           to
           his
           
             Imprisonment
             ,
          
           he
           ought
           to
           have
           mentioned
           the
           particulars
           ;
           for
           otherwise
           it
           is
           to
           Arraign
           the
           
             Common
             Iustice
          
           
           of
           the
           Nation
           .
           As
           to
           the
           
             hasty
             and
             violent
             Proceedings
          
           of
           his
           Trial
           ;
           it
           was
           then
           told
           him
           ,
           That
           the
           greatest
           Advantage
           he
           had
           ,
           was
           in
           putting
           off
           his
           Trial
           :
           For
           by
           that
           he
           knew
           how
           
             to
             lay
             the
             Papers
             on
             my
             Lord
          
           Preston
           ;
           which
           yet
           could
           not
           clear
           him
           ▪
           as
           to
           those
           Papers
           which
           were
           not
           written
           with
           my
           Lord's
           Hand
           ,
           nor
           related
           any
           ways
           to
           him
           ;
           but
           one
           of
           them
           was
           Written
           with
           his
           own
           Hand
           .
        
         
           Upon
           the
           whole
           Matter
           ,
           I
           cannot
           see
           how
           he
           hath
           either
           
             Proved
             his
             Innocency
             ,
          
           or
           that
           he
           acted
           according
           to
           the
           
             Principles
             and
             Doctrins
             of
             the
             Church
             of
          
           England
           .
        
         
           As
           to
           his
           Concluding
           Prayer
           ,
           I
           cannot
           but
           observe
           ▪
           That
           in
           the
           Beginning
           of
           the
           Speech
           the
           Reason
           he
           gives
           why
           he
           
             would
             not
             make
             any
             to
             the
             People
             ,
          
           was
           ,
           
             because
             he
             would
             employ
             his
             last
             Minutes
             in
             Devotion
             and
             holy
             Communion
             with
             God
             :
          
           Which
           I
           hope
           he
           did
           .
           But
           those
           who
           contrived
           the
           Speech
           ,
           were
           to
           make
           a
           Prayer
           for
           him
           too
           ;
           but
           not
           a
           
             Prayer
          
           of
           
             Devotion
             ,
          
           but
           rather
           of
           
             Faction
          
           and
           
             Sedition
             :
          
           For
           it
           hath
           no
           other
           meaning
           ,
           than
           that
           God
           would
           overturn
           this
           Present
           Government
           ,
           and
           restore
           the
           Former
           ,
           in
           order
           to
           the
           
             Flourishing
             of
             the
             Church
             of
          
           England
           ;
           
             notwithstanding
             the
             Wounds
             she
             hath
             received
             from
             her
             Prevaricating
             Sons
             .
          
        
         
           I
           cannot
           imagine
           how
           a
           Man
           could
           joyn
           these
           things
           together
           in
           a
           Prayer
           ,
           unless
           he
           could
           think
           all
           those
           are
           
             Prevaricating
             Sons
             ,
          
           who
           are
           against
           Popery
           .
           For
           I
           know
           no
           Bottom
           large
           enough
           for
           
             Popery
             ,
          
           and
           the
           
             Church
             of
             England
             ,
          
           to
           stand
           upon
           together
           .
        
         
           But
           this
           I
           do
           not
           think
           of
           Mr.
           
             Ashton
             ,
          
           and
           therefore
           Conclude
           ,
           as
           I
           began
           ,
           That
           this
           seems
           rather
           the
           Speech
           of
           a
           Party
           ,
           than
           of
           Mr.
           
             Ashton
             ;
          
           who
           made
           use
           of
           his
           Name
           and
           Hand
           ,
           to
           convey
           into
           the
           Minds
           of
           the
           People
           ,
           the
           most
           malicious
           Insinuations
           against
           this
           Present
           Government
           ,
           and
           all
           who
           live
           in
           Obedience
           to
           it
           .
        
      
    
     
       
         
         
           A
           Catalogue
           of
           some
           
             Books
             ,
          
           lately
           Printed
           for
           
             R.
             Clavell
             .
          
        
         
           FORMS
           of
           Private
           Devotion
           for
           every
           Day
           in
           the
           Week
           ,
           in
           a
           Method
           agreeable
           to
           the
           Liturgy
           ;
           with
           Occasional
           Prayers
           ,
           and
           an
           Office
           for
           the
           Holy
           Communion
           ,
           and
           for
           the
           Time
           of
           Sickness
           .
           Humbly
           recommended
           to
           all
           the
           Pious
           and
           Devout
           Members
           of
           the
           Church
           of
           
             England
             .
          
        
         
           A
           Sermon
           Preached
           before
           the
           Queen
           at
           
             White-Hall
             ,
             February
          
           the
           Fifteenth
           ,
           1690
           /
           1.
           
           By
           
             Henry
             Dove
             ,
          
           D.
           D.
           Chaplain
           to
           Their
           Majesties
           .
        
         
           
             Roman
          
           Forgeries
           in
           the
           Councils
           ,
           during
           the
           first
           Four
           Centuries
           ,
           together
           with
           an
           Appendix
           ,
           concerning
           the
           Forgeries
           and
           Errors
           in
           the
           Annals
           of
           
             Baronius
             .
          
           By
           
             Thomas
             Comber
             ,
          
           D.
           D.
           Precentor
           of
           
             York
             .
          
        
         
           A
           Scholastical
           History
           of
           the
           primitive
           and
           general
           Use
           of
           Liturgies
           in
           the
           Christian
           Church
           ;
           together
           with
           an
           Answer
           to
           Mr
           ▪
           
             David
             Clarkson's
          
           late
           Discourse
           concerning
           Liturgies
           ;
           in
           Two
           Parts
           ,
           in
           
             Octavo
             .
          
           By
           the
           same
           Hand
           .
        
         
           Seasonable
           Reflections
           on
           a
           late
           Pamphlet
           ,
           Entituled
           ,
           
             A
             History
             of
             Passive
             Obedience
             since
             the
             Reformation
             ;
          
           wherein
           the
           true
           Notion
           of
           Passive
           Obedience
           is
           setled
           and
           secured
           from
           the
           Malicious
           Interpretations
           of
           ill-designing
           Men.
           
        
         
           The
           Golden
           Rule
           ,
           or
           the
           Royal
           Law
           of
           Equity
           explained
           :
           By
           
             I.
             Goodman
             ,
          
           D.
           D.
           
        
         
           The
           Frauds
           of
           the
           Romish
           Priests
           and
           Monks
           set
           forth
           in
           Eight
           LETTERS
           ;
           lately
           written
           by
           a
           Gentleman
           in
           his
           Journy
           into
           
             Italy
             .
          
        
         
           A
           late
           Letter
           concerning
           the
           Proceedings
           in
           
             Scotland
             ,
          
           and
           Sufferings
           of
           the
           Episcopal
           Clergy
           there
           ;
           in
           
             Quarto
             ,
          
           price
           6
           
             d.
             
          
        
         
           Political
           Arithmetick
           ,
           or
           a
           Discourse
           concerning
           the
           Extent
           and
           Value
           of
           Lands
           ,
           People
           ,
           Buildings
           ;
           Husbandry
           ,
           Manufacture
           ,
           Commerce
           ,
           Fishery
           ,
           Artizans
           ,
           Seamen
           ,
           Soldiers
           ;
           Publick
           Revenues
           ,
           Interest
           ,
           Taxes
           ,
           Superlucration
           ,
           Registries
           ,
           Banks
           ;
           Valuation
           of
           Men
           ,
           Increasing
           of
           Seamen
           ,
           of
           Militia's
           ,
           Harbors
           ,
           Situation
           ,
           Shipping
           ,
           Power
           at
           Sea
           ,
           &c.
           
           As
           the
           same
           relates
           to
           every
           Country
           in
           general
           ;
           but
           more
           particularly
           to
           the
           Territories
           of
           His
           Majesty
           of
           
             Great
             Britain
             ,
          
           and
           his
           Neighbors
           of
           
             Holland
             ,
             Zealand
             ,
          
           and
           
             France
             .
          
           By
           Sir
           
             William
             Petty
             ,
          
           late
           Fellow
           of
           the
           
             Royal
             Society
             .
          
        
         
           Their
           present
           Majesties
           Government
           proved
           to
           be
           throughly
           setled
           ,
           and
           that
           we
           may
           submit
           to
           it
           ,
           without
           asserting
           the
           Principles
           of
           Mr.
           
             Hobbs
             ;
          
           shewing
           also
           ,
           That
           Allegiance
           was
           not
           due
           to
           the
           Usurpers
           ,
           after
           the
           late
           Civil
           War
           ;
           occasion'd
           by
           some
           late
           Pamphlets
           against
           the
           Reverend
           Dr.
           
             Sherlock
             .
          
        
         
           FINIS
           .
        
         
      
       
         Notes, typically marginal, from the original text
         
           Notes for div A40071-e410
           
             D.
             25.
             
             Tit.
             4.
             
          
           
             Bract.
             
               l.
            
             2.
             
               c.
            
             32.
             
          
           
             Fleta
             
               l.
            
             1.
             
               c.
            
             15.
             
          
           
             In
             the
             Case
             of
             one
             
               Robins's
            
             Child
             ,
             at
             
               Hereford
               Assizes
            
             about
             An.
             1668.
             
          
           
             Alberic
             .
             Gent.
             
               de
               Jure
               Bel.
               l.
            
             1.
             
               c.
            
             16.
             
          
           
             
               Life
               of
               Archbishop
            
             Laud
             ,
             
               sol
               .
            
             161.
             
          
           
             Motifs
             de
             la
             
               France
            
             pour
             la
             guerre
             d'
             
               Allemagne
               ,
               p.
            
             94
             ,
             95
             ,
             117.