Of the nature of superstition a sermon preached at St Dunstans West, March 31, MDCLXXXII / by Edward Stillingfleet ...
         Stillingfleet, Edward, 1635-1699.
      
       
         
           1682
        
      
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             Of the nature of superstition a sermon preached at St Dunstans West, March 31, MDCLXXXII / by Edward Stillingfleet ...
             Stillingfleet, Edward, 1635-1699.
          
           [2], 46 p.
           
             Printed for H. Mortlock...,
             London :
             1682.
          
           
             Reproduction of original in University of Pennsylvania Library.
          
        
      
    
     
       
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           Bible. -- N.T. -- Colossians II, 23 -- Sermons.
           Superstition -- Sermons.
           Sermons, English -- 17th century.
        
      
    
     
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           OF
           THE
           NATURE
           OF
           SUPERSTITION
           .
           A
           SERMON
           PREACHED
           At
           S
           t
           Dunstans
           West
           ,
           March
           31.
           
           MDCLXXXII
           .
        
         
           By
           
             EDWARD
             STILLINGFLEET
          
           ,
           D.
           D.
           Dean
           of
           S.
           
           Paul's
           ,
           and
           Chaplain
           in
           Ordinary
           to
           His
           MAJESTY
           .
        
         
           LONDON
           ,
           Printed
           for
           
             H.
             Mortlock
          
           at
           the
           Phoenix
           in
           S.
           
           Paul's
           Church-Yard
           ,
           and
           at
           the
           
             White
             Hart
          
           in
           Westminster-Hall
           ,
           1682.
           
        
      
    
     
       
         
         
         
           
             Coloss.
             2.
             23.
             
          
           
             Which
             things
             have
             indeed
             a
             shew
             of
             wisdom
             in
             will-worship
             ,
             and
             humility
             ,
             and
             neglecting
             of
             the
             body
             ,
             not
             in
             any
             honour
             to
             the
             satisfying
             of
             the
             flesh
             .
          
        
         
           SAint
           Paul
           was
           now
           a
           Prisoner
           at
           Rome
           for
           the
           sake
           of
           the
           Gospel
           ,
           when
           he
           wrote
           this
           Epistle
           to
           the
           Colossians
           ,
           but
           his
           mind
           was
           at
           liberty
           ;
           And
           the
           compass
           of
           his
           thoughts
           and
           cares
           was
           so
           far
           from
           being
           confined
           within
           the
           Walls
           of
           a
           Prison
           ,
           that
           it
           reached
           not
           only
           to
           the
           Churches
           of
           Asia
           planted
           by
           himself
           ,
           as
           those
           of
           Ephesus
           and
           Galatia
           ;
           but
           to
           those
           which
           had
           never
           seen
           him
           ,
           as
           the
           Colossians
           and
           Laodiceans
           .
           For
           ,
           saith
           he
           ,
           
             I
             would
             that
             ye
             knew
          
           
           
             what
             great
             conflict
             I
             have
             for
             you
             ,
             and
             for
             them
             at
             Laodicea
             ,
             and
             for
             as
             many
             as
             have
             not
             seen
             my
             face
             in
             
             the
             flesh
             .
          
           Had
           not
           he
           trouble
           enough
           with
           the
           Churches
           of
           Rome
           and
           Greece
           ,
           and
           those
           he
           had
           conversed
           with
           in
           other
           parts
           ,
           but
           he
           must
           take
           upon
           him
           to
           interpose
           in
           the
           affairs
           of
           those
           Churches
           he
           had
           never
           seen
           ?
           But
           such
           was
           the
           largeness
           of
           the
           Apostle's
           mind
           ,
           the
           fervour
           of
           his
           Zeal
           ,
           the
           extent
           of
           his
           Charity
           ,
           that
           
             the
             care
             of
             all
             the
             Churches
             was
             upon
             him
          
           ;
           but
           especially
           those
           which
           had
           been
           planted
           by
           his
           means
           ,
           although
           not
           by
           his
           personal
           endeavours
           ;
           among
           which
           ,
           in
           all
           probability
           ,
           this
           of
           the
           Colossians
           was
           one
           .
           For
           this
           Epaphras
           whom
           St.
           Paul
           calls
           
             a
             faithful
          
           
           
             Minister
             of
             Christ
             to
             them
          
           ,
           was
           imploy'd
           as
           an
           Evangelist
           under
           him
           ;
           and
           particularly
           in
           the
           Cities
           of
           
             Laodicea
             ,
             Hierapolis
          
           ,
           and
           Colosse
           ,
           which
           were
           not
           far
           distant
           from
           each
           other
           in
           Phrygia
           ;
           and
           for
           the
           Churches
           there
           setled
           ,
           S.
           Paul
           testifies
           ,
           that
           he
           had
           a
           mighty
           zeal
           and
           concernment
           :
           From
           whence
           it
           arose
           ,
           that
           hearing
           of
           S.
           Pauls
           
           Imprisonment
           at
           Rome
           ,
           he
           resolves
           to
           take
           a
           Journey
           thither
           to
           acquaint
           him
           with
           the
           State
           of
           those
           Churches
           ,
           and
           to
           desire
           his
           Advice
           and
           Direction
           in
           the
           present
           danger
           they
           were
           in
           ,
           of
           being
           seduced
           from
           the
           simplicity
           of
           the
           Gospel
           ,
           by
           the
           plausible
           insinuations
           of
           false
           Teachers
           ,
           who
           pretended
           to
           give
           them
           a
           more
           refined
           Systeme
           of
           Religion
           ,
           by
           a
           composition
           of
           Law
           and
           Gospel
           and
           Philosophy
           all
           together
           .
           S.
           Paul
           understanding
           
           by
           him
           the
           dangerous
           circumstances
           they
           were
           in
           ,
           although
           Epaphras
           himself
           was
           made
           a
           Fellow-Prisoner
           with
           him
           ;
           as
           appears
           by
           the
           Epistle
           to
           Philemon
           ,
           sent
           at
           the
           same
           time
           with
           this
           ;
           yet
           
           he
           finds
           means
           by
           Tychicus
           and
           Onesimus
           to
           convey
           this
           Epistle
           to
           them
           .
           Wherein
           by
           an
           admirable
           art
           of
           insinuation
           ,
           far
           above
           the
           eloquent
           exordiums
           of
           the
           Heathen
           Orators
           ,
           he
           lets
           them
           understand
           ,
           how
           passionately
           he
           was
           concerned
           for
           their
           welfare
           ;
           and
           what
           an
           Agony
           he
           suffered
           in
           his
           own
           breast
           for
           their
           sakes
           ,
           lest
           under
           some
           artificial
           colours
           and
           very
           fair
           pretences
           ,
           they
           should
           be
           drawn
           off
           from
           the
           Love
           and
           Unity
           and
           Sincerity
           of
           the
           Gospel
           .
           For
           after
           he
           had
           told
           them
           
             what
             conflict
             he
             had
             for
             them
             that
             had
             not
             seen
             his
             face
             in
             the
             flesh
             ,
          
           he
           immediately
           adds
           ,
           that
           it
           was
           ,
           
             that
             their
             hearts
             might
             be
             comforted
             ,
             being
             knit
             together
          
           
           
             in
             love
             ,
             and
             unto
             all
             riches
             of
             the
             full
             assurance
             of
             understanding
             ,
             to
             the
             acknowledgment
             of
             the
             Mystery
             of
             God
             and
             of
             the
             Father
             and
             of
             Christ.
             In
             whom
             are
             hid
             all
             the
             treasures
             of
             wisdom
             and
             knowledge
             .
          
           And
           when
           he
           hath
           thus
           set
           forth
           the
           excellency
           and
           sufficiency
           of
           the
           Gospel
           ;
           he
           then
           le
           ts
           fall
           an
           intimation
           of
           his
           design
           ,
           
             And
             this
             I
             say
             ,
             lest
             any
             man
             should
             beguile
          
           
           
             you
             with
             enticing
             words
          
           .
           But
           lest
           they
           should
           suspect
           from
           hence
           that
           ill
           offices
           had
           been
           done
           them
           ,
           and
           they
           had
           been
           misrepresented
           to
           S.
           Paul
           ;
           in
           the
           next
           verse
           he
           tells
           them
           ,
           that
           at
           that
           distance
           ,
           
           
             he
             did
             rejoice
             ,
             beholding
             their
             order
             ,
             and
             the
             stedfastness
          
           
           
             of
             their
             faith
             in
             Christ.
          
           And
           therefore
           exhorts
           them
           ,
           
             As
             they
             had
             received
             Christ
             Jesus
             the
             Lord
             ,
             so
             to
             walk
             in
          
           
           
             him
             :
             i.
             e.
          
           to
           adhere
           to
           that
           faith
           which
           they
           at
           first
           embraced
           ;
           as
           he
           explains
           it
           ,
           in
           the
           seventh
           Verse
           .
           Having
           thus
           removed
           all
           jealousy
           and
           suspicion
           as
           to
           their
           present
           stedfastness
           ,
           he
           doth
           more
           openly
           address
           himself
           to
           them
           ;
           in
           giving
           them
           caution
           against
           the
           most
           dangerous
           and
           deceitful
           errours
           .
           
             Beware
             lest
             any
             man
             spoil
             you
             through
          
           
           
             Philosophy
             and
             vain
             deceit
             ,
             after
             the
             Tradition
             of
             men
             ,
             after
             the
             rudiments
             of
             the
             World
             ,
             and
             not
             after
             Christ.
          
           Not
           as
           though
           there
           were
           the
           least
           prejudice
           to
           Christianity
           to
           be
           imagined
           by
           mens
           searching
           into
           the
           Works
           of
           God
           ,
           or
           the
           Nature
           of
           Moral
           Actions
           ,
           or
           the
           digesting
           our
           own
           thoughts
           or
           conceptions
           of
           things
           ,
           which
           is
           all
           that
           is
           understood
           by
           true
           Philosophy
           ;
           but
           that
           the
           Model
           of
           Religion
           which
           they
           were
           in
           so
           much
           danger
           of
           being
           deceived
           by
           ,
           was
           made
           up
           ,
           partly
           of
           Philosophical
           Precepts
           ,
           and
           partly
           of
           Jewish
           Traditions
           and
           ritual
           Observations
           ;
           by
           which
           the
           false
           Teachers
           endeavoured
           to
           corrupt
           and
           adulterate
           the
           Gospel
           of
           Christ.
           Accordingly
           in
           the
           following
           Discourse
           ,
           the
           Apostle
           first
           disputes
           against
           the
           necessity
           of
           keeping
           the
           Ceremonies
           of
           the
           Law
           ,
           now
           under
           the
           Gospel
           ,
           and
           sums
           up
           the
           force
           of
           it
           ,
           v.
           17.
           
           
             Which
             are
             a
             shadow
             of
             things
             to
             come
             ,
             but
             
             the
             body
             is
             of
             Christ.
          
           And
           having
           thus
           dispatched
           the
           hardest
           Question
           about
           the
           Obligation
           of
           the
           Law
           of
           Moses
           ,
           he
           enters
           upon
           the
           debate
           about
           other
           Inventions
           ,
           which
           they
           endeavoured
           to
           recommend
           to
           Christians
           .
        
         
           (
           1.
           )
           About
           the
           
             Worshipping
             of
             Angels
          
           ,
           as
           Mediators
           between
           God
           and
           Men
           ;
           which
           was
           an
           Opinion
           then
           generally
           received
           among
           the
           corrupters
           of
           Christianity
           ,
           the
           Gnosticks
           and
           
             Judaizing
             Christians
          
           ;
           who
           were
           not
           so
           vain
           in
           their
           imaginations
           ,
           to
           believe
           them
           to
           be
           
             supreme
             and
             independent
             Deities
          
           ;
           for
           this
           they
           utterly
           denied
           ;
           owning
           
             one
             only
             supreme
             God
             the
             Father
             of
             all
             :
          
           but
           they
           thought
           access
           to
           him
           was
           to
           be
           had
           by
           the
           Mediation
           of
           Angels
           ,
           and
           therefore
           they
           brought
           in
           the
           Worship
           of
           them
           .
           Baronius
           indeed
           denies
           ,
           that
           
           
             the
             Gnosticks
             introduced
             any
             Worship
             of
             Angels
          
           ;
           but
           therein
           he
           is
           justly
           confuted
           by
           some
           late
           Writers
           of
           the
           Roman
           Church
           .
           For
           Tertullian
           condemns
           
             the
             Gnosticks
          
           for
           
             a
             Magical
             Service
             of
             Angels
          
           ;
           and
           Epiphanius
           saith
           ,
           
             that
             their
             impure
             Sacrifices
             were
             supposed
             to
             be
             offer'd
             up
             by
             Principalities
             and
             Powers
             ,
             to
             the
             supreme
             Father
             of
             all
             .
          
           Which
           doth
           evidently
           prove
           ,
           that
           the
           Gnosticks
           did
           give
           Worship
           to
           Angels
           as
           Mediators
           .
           And
           although
           Baronius
           endeavours
           likewise
           to
           clear
           the
           Cerinthians
           from
           this
           guilt
           (
           lest
           the
           Church
           of
           Rome
           should
           be
           found
           to
           tread
           in
           their
           steps
           )
           because
           Cerinthus
           
             acknowledged
             
             
             one
             supreme
             Power
             above
             Angels
             ,
             and
             because
             he
             had
             a
             bad
             Opinion
             of
             the
             Angel
             which
             gave
             the
             Law
          
           ;
           yet
           ,
           why
           might
           not
           they
           worship
           the
           Angels
           as
           Mediators
           between
           that
           supreme
           Power
           and
           them
           ;
           and
           even
           that
           Angel
           which
           gave
           the
           Law
           as
           well
           as
           the
           rest
           ,
           since
           they
           contended
           for
           the
           necessary
           observation
           of
           the
           Law
           ?
           But
           besides
           ,
           all
           the
           
             Judaizing
             Christians
          
           were
           not
           followers
           of
           Cerinthus
           ,
           there
           being
           different
           Sects
           among
           them
           ;
           as
           appears
           by
           
             Irenaeus
             ,
             Epiphanius
          
           and
           others
           ;
           and
           Baronius
           himself
           grants
           
             that
             the
             Pharisaical
             Jews
             of
             that
          
           
           
             and
             following
             Ages
             did
             Worship
             Angels
             as
             the
             Host
             of
             Heaven
             .
          
           And
           the
           Essens
           had
           
             their
             Angels
             of
             Prayer
             ;
             and
             made
             their
             prayers
             to
             the
             rising
             Sun
             ,
          
           whom
           they
           looked
           on
           as
           on
           the
           rest
           of
           the
           Stars
           ,
           as
           animated
           and
           intelligent
           Beings
           .
           And
           why
           the
           
             Judaizing
             Christians
          
           should
           not
           retain
           their
           former
           Superstitions
           ,
           as
           well
           as
           their
           other
           Traditions
           and
           Observations
           ,
           I
           do
           not
           understand
           .
           Especially
           ,
           since
           Theodoret
           so
           expresly
           affirms
           ,
           
             that
             those
             who
             then
             pleaded
             for
             the
             keeping
             of
             the
             Law
             brought
             in
             the
             Worship
             of
             Angels
             ,
             which
             custom
             ,
          
           he
           saith
           ,
           
             continued
             a
             long
             time
             in
          
           Phrygia
           and
           Pisidia
           ;
           
             and
             at
             last
             the
             Council
             of
          
           Laodicea
           ,
           made
           a
           Canon
           against
           
             praying
             to
             Angels
          
           .
        
         
           Those
           of
           the
           Church
           of
           Rome
           are
           so
           sensible
           of
           the
           force
           of
           this
           Testimony
           of
           Theodoret
           against
           their
           practice
           ,
           that
           they
           are
           driven
           to
           desperate
           shifts
           to
           avoid
           it
           .
           Bellarmine
           saith
           ,
           
             that
             he
             speaks
             
             
             against
             the
             Gnosticks
          
           ;
           whereas
           
             Theodoret
             mentions
             only
             those
             who
             were
             for
             keeping
             the
             Law.
             Baronius
          
           saith
           in
           plain
           terms
           ,
           
             Theodoret
             was
             mistaken
             ,
             and
             that
             there
             were
             no
             such
             Hereticks
             then
          
           ;
           but
           this
           is
           so
           gross
           ,
           that
           Bellarmin
           and
           others
           contradict
           him
           in
           it
           .
           Others
           therefore
           say
           ,
           that
           the
           Worship
           of
           Angels
           here
           spoken
           against
           ,
           
             is
             the
             Worshipping
             of
             them
             as
             Makers
             of
             the
             World.
          
           But
           that
           is
           more
           than
           St.
           Paul
           saith
           ,
           for
           he
           speaks
           againstthat
           Worship
           which
           arises
           from
           Humility
           ,
           and
           nothing
           so
           proper
           for
           that
           ,
           as
           the
           Worshipping
           them
           as
           Mediators
           between
           God
           and
           us
           .
           Some
           think
           it
           is
           
             when
             Angels
             are
             preferred
             before
             Christ
             ,
          
           which
           is
           likewise
           more
           than
           the
           Apostle
           saith
           ;
           and
           they
           who
           chuse
           other
           Mediators
           ,
           by
           whom
           God
           is
           more
           accessible
           by
           us
           ,
           do
           prefer
           them
           in
           Use
           ,
           though
           not
           in
           Dignity
           :
           Others
           ,
           as
           the
           Jansenists
           in
           their
           
             New
             Testament
          
           ,
           say
           
           it
           is
           ,
           
             When
             Angels
             are
             set
             up
             as
             Mediators
             in
             opposition
             to
             Christ
          
           ;
           but
           that
           cannot
           be
           the
           Apostles
           meaning
           ;
           for
           then
           his
           great
           business
           would
           have
           been
           to
           have
           proved
           Christ
           to
           be
           the
           true
           Mediator
           ,
           and
           not
           Angels
           ;
           and
           if
           any
           
             Religious
             Worship
          
           of
           Angels
           had
           been
           agreeable
           with
           the
           Christian
           Doctrine
           ,
           the
           Apostle
           would
           never
           have
           thus
           in
           general
           condemned
           it
           ,
           but
           with
           such
           restrictions
           and
           limitations
           as
           made
           it
           to
           be
           evil
           .
           Therefore
           to
           avoid
           these
           difficulties
           ,
           some
           conclude
           that
           
             by
             the
             Worship
             of
             Angels
          
           is
           understood
           
             such
             a
             Worship
             
             as
             was
             introduced
             by
             a
             pretended
             Revelation
             of
             Angels
          
           ;
           but
           against
           this
           ,
           we
           have
           the
           concurrent
           testimony
           of
           St.
           Chrysostome
           ,
           St.
           Hierome
           ,
           St.
           Ambrose
           ,
           
           
             Oecumenius
             ,
             Theophylact
          
           ,
           who
           all
           agree
           that
           it
           is
           to
           be
           understood
           of
           the
           
             Worship
             given
             to
             Angels
          
           .
           So
           impossible
           it
           is
           for
           those
           who
           either
           give
           themselves
           ,
           or
           justifie
           and
           allow
           the
           giving
           by
           others
           ,
           any
           
             Religious
             Worship
             to
             Angels
          
           ,
           to
           escape
           falling
           under
           the
           Apostles
           censure
           ,
           of
           being
           Seducers
           and
           corrupting
           the
           Gospel
           of
           Christ.
           
        
         
           (
           2.
           )
           About
           
             stricter
             Abstinence
             and
             greater
             Severity
             of
             Life
             .
          
           For
           these
           Seducers
           gave
           out
           that
           the
           
             Christian
             Churches
          
           were
           yet
           very
           defective
           in
           this
           matter
           :
           And
           that
           there
           were
           several
           Societies
           of
           Men
           ,
           both
           among
           the
           Jews
           and
           Heathens
           ,
           which
           went
           very
           far
           beyond
           them
           :
           as
           the
           Essens
           ,
           the
           Pythagoreans
           ,
           the
           Gymnosophists
           and
           others
           ;
           who
           far
           outstript
           the
           Christians
           in
           Watchings
           and
           Fastings
           ,
           in
           the
           hard
           usage
           of
           their
           Bodies
           ,
           and
           a
           total
           
             abstinence
             from
             Wine
             and
             Flesh
          
           ,
           and
           other
           lawful
           Pleasures
           of
           Life
           .
           On
           which
           account
           these
           false
           Teachers
           represented
           the
           Christianity
           ,
           as
           yet
           received
           in
           these
           Churches
           ,
           as
           too
           soft
           and
           gentle
           an
           Institution
           ,
           and
           not
           answering
           the
           Character
           that
           was
           given
           of
           it
           ;
           but
           if
           they
           had
           a
           mind
           to
           set
           it
           off
           with
           advantage
           ,
           it
           would
           be
           necessary
           for
           them
           to
           take
           in
           some
           of
           the
           strictest
           Precepts
           of
           those
           Societies
           ,
           especially
           relating
           to
           Meats
           
           and
           Marriage
           ,
           
             Touch
             not
             ,
             taste
             not
             ,
             handle
             not
             :
          
           which
           they
           magnified
           as
           the
           greatest
           Instances
           of
           true
           Religion
           ,
           Self-denyal
           ,
           Humility
           ,
           Mortification
           ;
           without
           which
           they
           despised
           the
           Christian
           Institution
           as
           a
           mean
           and
           ordinary
           thing
           ,
           requiring
           only
           the
           belief
           of
           some
           great
           things
           done
           and
           suffered
           by
           
             Jesus
             Christ
          
           in
           Judea
           ,
           and
           the
           adhering
           thereto
           till
           Death
           ,
           and
           doing
           those
           Offices
           of
           Humanity
           and
           Kindness
           to
           each
           other
           ,
           and
           those
           Duties
           of
           Religion
           to
           God
           ,
           which
           all
           Mankind
           thought
           fit
           and
           reasonable
           to
           be
           done
           .
        
         
           But
           these
           pretended
           refiners
           of
           Christianity
           ,
           were
           not
           contented
           with
           such
           common
           things
           ;
           they
           must
           set
           up
           for
           something
           singular
           ,
           and
           extraordinary
           ;
           so
           Epiphanius
           observes
           of
           the
           Gnosticks
           in
           the
           beginning
           ,
           
             that
             they
             condemned
             Marriage
          
           ,
           
           
             and
             abstained
             from
             Flesh
             ,
             that
             under
             these
             pretences
             they
             might
             draw
             others
             into
             their
             snares
             .
          
           And
           likewise
           of
           the
           Ebionites
           ,
           one
           of
           the
           Sects
           of
           Judaizing
           
           
             Christians
             ,
             that
             they
             carefully
             abstained
             from
             all
             Flesh
             ,
             and
             were
             every
             day
             Baptised
             ,
             and
             celebrated
             the
             Eucharist
             only
             in
             Water
             ,
             for
             fear
             of
             being
             defiled
             with
             the
             taste
             of
             Wine
          
           ;
           wherein
           they
           were
           followed
           by
           the
           
             Encratitae
             ,
             Aquarij
          
           ,
           and
           several
           others
           ,
           who
           affected
           something
           out
           of
           the
           way
           ,
           as
           a
           badge
           of
           more
           than
           ordinary
           Sanctity
           .
           And
           there
           are
           scarce
           any
           of
           those
           who
           are
           mentioned
           as
           the
           Authors
           of
           great
           Mischief
           to
           the
           Church
           ,
           but
           were
           
           remarkable
           for
           something
           of
           this
           Nature
           ;
           as
           appears
           by
           
             Marcion
             ,
             Montanus
             ,
             Manichaeus
             ,
             Severus
             ,
          
           and
           others
           .
           And
           which
           is
           observable
           ,
           this
           sort
           of
           singularity
           prevailed
           no
           where
           more
           ,
           than
           in
           these
           parts
           of
           Phrygia
           ;
           where
           the
           Encratitae
           very
           much
           encreased
           and
           continued
           so
           to
           do
           in
           the
           days
           of
           Epiphanius
           .
           So
           very
           little
           effect
           had
           this
           wise
           and
           timely
           caution
           ,
           given
           by
           the
           Apostle
           in
           
           this
           place
           ,
           upon
           those
           who
           were
           willing
           to
           be
           deceived
           in
           that
           ,
           or
           following
           Generations
           .
        
         
           Cajetan
           confesses
           himself
           to
           seek
           
             what
             sort
             of
             Men
             those
             were
             the
             Apostle
             discourses
             against
          
           ;
           but
           it
           seems
           most
           probable
           to
           me
           ,
           that
           they
           were
           a
           sort
           of
           
             Judaizing
             Christians
          
           ,
           who
           endeavoured
           to
           introduce
           the
           Customs
           of
           the
           
             Jewish
             Essens
          
           into
           the
           Christian
           Church
           .
           For
           when
           St.
           Paul
           speaks
           of
           
           the
           
             Jewish
             Customs
          
           he
           mentions
           no
           other
           ,
           but
           such
           as
           were
           in
           esteem
           among
           them
           ;
           he
           takes
           no
           notice
           of
           Sacrifices
           which
           were
           disesteemed
           among
           
           them
           ;
           
             But
             let
             no
             man
             judge
             you
             in
             Meat
             ,
          
           which
           among
           
           them
           was
           only
           
             Bread
             and
             Salt
          
           ;
           or
           
             in
             Drink
          
           ,
           which
           was
           only
           Water
           ;
           or
           
             in
             respect
             of
             a
             Holyday
             or
             New
             Moon
             ,
          
           or
           the
           
             Sabbath
             Days
          
           ;
           which
           as
           Philo
           
           relates
           ,
           
             they
             were
             great
             observers
             of
          
           .
           And
           when
           he
           speaks
           of
           the
           Customs
           they
           would
           bring
           among
           the
           Christians
           ,
           they
           were
           no
           other
           than
           such
           as
           were
           strictly
           observed
           among
           them
           ,
           
             viz.
             great
             abstinence
             ,
             hard
             usage
             of
             their
             Bodies
             ,
             and
             some
             Religious
             
             Rites
             with
             respect
             to
             Angels
             .
          
           Concerning
           which
           the
           Apostle
           delivers
           his
           Judgment
           two
           ways
           .
        
         
           1.
           
           He
           grants
           that
           these
           things
           have
           
             a
             shew
             of
             Wisdom
             in
             them
             ;
             i.
             e.
          
           that
           they
           make
           so
           good
           an
           appearance
           to
           men
           ,
           as
           is
           apt
           to
           raise
           an
           esteem
           of
           those
           persons
           in
           whom
           it
           is
           .
           First
           ,
           Because
           they
           seem
           to
           flow
           from
           a
           
             forwardness
             in
             Religion
          
           ,
           so
           I
           render
           
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
          
           ,
           which
           we
           call
           Will-worship
           ;
           but
           that
           being
           a
           thing
           of
           an
           ill
           Name
           ,
           doth
           not
           so
           well
           answer
           to
           
             the
             shew
             of
             Wisdom
          
           ;
           for
           what
           
             shew
             of
             Wisdom
          
           is
           there
           in
           doing
           an
           ill
           thing
           ?
           This
           is
           therefore
           a
           readiness
           of
           Mind
           to
           do
           any
           thing
           in
           Religion
           which
           men
           think
           pleasing
           to
           God
           ,
           whether
           required
           by
           him
           or
           not
           .
           So
           Hesychius
           expounds
           
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
          
           by
           
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
          
           ;
           and
           
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
          
           by
           
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
          
           .
           And
           other
           Greek
           Words
           of
           a
           like
           composition
           ,
           do
           imply
           no
           more
           than
           
             a
             voluntary
             inclination
          
           ;
           as
           in
           
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
          
           ,
           which
           Plato
           useth
           for
           a
           
           
             service
             out
             of
             good
             Will
             ,
             and
             free
             Inclination
             :
          
           
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
          
           is
           the
           same
           with
           
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
          
           and
           
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
          
           in
           Xenophon
           :
           
           And
           St.
           Augustine
           observes
           ,
           that
           in
           his
           time
           ,
           a
           Man
           that
           affected
           to
           be
           Rich
           ,
           was
           called
           Thelo-dives
           ,
           and
           he
           that
           desired
           to
           be
           thought
           Wise
           
           Thelo-sapiens
           ;
           so
           according
           to
           this
           Analogy
           ,
           a
           Man
           that
           would
           be
           thought
           very
           Religious
           ,
           would
           then
           have
           been
           called
           Thelo-Religiosus
           ;
           taking
           Religiosus
           in
           the
           sense
           of
           
             Massurius
             Sabinus
          
           ,
           
           
           and
           not
           of
           
             Nigidius
             Figulus
             :
             i.
             e.
          
           in
           a
           good
           ,
           and
           not
           in
           a
           bad
           sense
           .
           And
           so
           
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
          
           ,
           is
           a
           desire
           of
           appearing
           more
           Religious
           than
           ordinary
           ;
           which
           is
           not
           a
           thing
           evil
           in
           it self
           ,
           but
           depends
           on
           circumstances
           .
           The
           next
           is
           
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
          
           ,
           Humility
           ,
           a
           Vertue
           so
           graceful
           ,
           so
           becoming
           Mankind
           ,
           with
           a
           respect
           to
           God
           and
           to
           each
           other
           ,
           that
           whatever
           makes
           a
           Shew
           of
           that
           ,
           doth
           so
           of
           Wisdom
           too
           .
           The
           third
           is
           
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
          
           ,
           
             not
             sparing
             the
             Body
          
           ,
           but
           using
           it
           with
           hardship
           to
           keep
           it
           under
           .
           
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
          
           .
           Which
           Words
           have
           such
           a
           hardness
           in
           their
           construction
           ,
           as
           hath
           caused
           great
           variety
           of
           interpretations
           ;
           which
           I
           shall
           not
           repeat
           .
           That
           which
           seems
           most
           natural
           ,
           is
           ,
           that
           Honour
           implies
           
             a
             regard
             to
             the
             Body
          
           and
           so
           it
           only
           explains
           what
           was
           meant
           by
           
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
          
           ;
           the
           sense
           being
           ,
           
             not
             with
             any
             regard
             to
             the
             Flesh
             for
             its
             satisfaction
             :
          
           which
           hath
           a
           farther
           appearance
           of
           Wisdom
           ,
           not
           barely
           in
           the
           subjection
           of
           the
           Body
           to
           the
           Mind
           ;
           but
           as
           it
           seems
           to
           argue
           a
           Mind
           so
           elevated
           above
           the
           Body
           ,
           that
           it
           hath
           little
           or
           no
           regard
           to
           the
           necessities
           of
           it
           .
        
         
           2.
           
           Notwithstanding
           all
           this
           fair
           
             shew
             of
             Wisdom
          
           ,
           the
           Apostle
           doth
           really
           condemn
           these
           things
           as
           
             not
             pleasing
             to
             God
          
           ,
           nor
           
             suitable
             to
             the
             Christian
             Religion
          
           .
           For
           ,
        
         
           (
           1.
           )
           He
           saith
           they
           have
           only
           
             a
             shew
             of
             Wisdom
          
           .
           
           
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
          
           ,
           saith
           St.
           Chrysostome
           ,
           who
           certainly
           understood
           the
           force
           of
           the
           Words
           ;
           the
           Shew
           ,
           saith
           he
           ,
           
             not
             the
             Power
             ,
             therefore
             not
             the
             Truth
             of
             Wisdom
             .
             Imaginem
             rationis
             ,
             humanaeque
             sapientiae
             ,
          
           saith
           St.
           Jerom.
           
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
          
           ,
           saith
           Theodoret
           ;
           so
           that
           notwithstanding
           the
           fair
           Shew
           they
           make
           ,
           they
           have
           no
           
             real
             Wisdom
          
           in
           them
           .
        
         
           (
           2.
           )
           This
           new
           way
           of
           Worship
           ,
           though
           it
           hath
           such
           a
           specious
           
             shew
             of
             Devotion
          
           and
           Humility
           ;
           yet
           it
           reflects
           on
           the
           Honour
           of
           Christ
           ,
           as
           Mediator
           ;
           and
           therefore
           the
           Apostle
           charges
           the
           introducers
           of
           it
           ,
           with
           
             not
             holding
             the
             Head.
          
           If
           the
           Cerinthians
           
           did
           advance
           
             the
             Angels
             above
             Jesus
             Christ
          
           ,
           they
           were
           so
           much
           the
           more
           guilty
           ;
           but
           if
           these
           Judaizers
           did
           only
           look
           on
           them
           as
           nearer
           and
           more
           agreeable
           Mediators
           to
           us
           ,
           yet
           therein
           they
           brought
           a
           great
           disparagement
           upon
           him
           ,
           whose
           Office
           it
           was
           to
           be
           the
           
             sole
             Mediator
             between
             God
             and
             Men.
          
           Mankind
           was
           very
           excusable
           in
           comparison
           ,
           for
           finding
           out
           other
           Mediators
           ,
           before
           God
           had
           declared
           to
           the
           World
           that
           he
           had
           appointed
           his
           Son
           to
           be
           our
           only
           Advocate
           and
           Intercessor
           ;
           but
           for
           those
           who
           own
           his
           Mediatorship
           ,
           to
           make
           choice
           of
           others
           besides
           Him
           ,
           is
           to
           call
           in
           question
           the
           Wisdom
           of
           the
           Father
           ,
           or
           the
           Sufficiency
           ,
           Interest
           or
           Kindness
           of
           the
           Son.
           For
           if
           God
           hath
           appointed
           him
           for
           this
           end
           ,
           and
           he
           be
           
           able
           to
           go
           through
           his
           work
           ,
           and
           willing
           to
           help
           all
           that
           address
           themselves
           to
           him
           ;
           what
           need
           to
           call
           in
           other
           Assistants
           ?
           yea
           ,
           what
           a
           Dishonour
           is
           it
           for
           him
           to
           stand
           by
           ,
           and
           Applications
           be
           made
           to
           them
           to
           do
           that
           Office
           ,
           which
           he
           was
           appointed
           alone
           to
           discharge
           ?
        
         
           (
           3.
           )
           These
           new
           inventions
           though
           never
           so
           plausible
           ,
           are
           a
           disparagement
           to
           the
           Gospel
           ,
           as
           not
           containing
           sufficient
           ,
           or
           at
           least
           not
           the
           most
           sublime
           and
           perfect
           directions
           for
           Humility
           and
           Mortification
           .
           For
           our
           
             Blessed
             Saviour
          
           was
           so
           far
           from
           being
           remarkable
           for
           these
           affected
           singularities
           ,
           that
           the
           freedom
           and
           easiness
           of
           his
           conversation
           ,
           was
           a
           great
           offence
           to
           those
           who
           understood
           little
           or
           nothing
           of
           Religion
           beyond
           these
           things
           .
           
             The
             Son
             of
             Man
             came
             eating
             and
             drinking
             ,
             and
             they
             say
             ,
             Behold
             a
             Man
             Gluttonous
             ,
             and
          
           
           
             a
             Wine-bibber
             ,
             a
             friend
             of
             Publicans
             and
             Sinners
             .
          
           Not
           that
           he
           gave
           way
           to
           any
           thing
           like
           Luxury
           ,
           or
           Intemperance
           ,
           who
           was
           the
           most
           exact
           pattern
           of
           all
           true
           and
           real
           Vertues
           ;
           but
           because
           they
           saw
           nothing
           extraordinary
           as
           to
           the
           severity
           of
           his
           Life
           in
           these
           Matters
           ,
           they
           looked
           on
           him
           but
           as
           one
           of
           the
           common
           sort
           of
           men
           ,
           making
           no
           appearance
           of
           more
           than
           usual
           Sanctity
           ,
           as
           to
           eating
           and
           drinking
           .
           And
           when
           
             Johns
             Disciples
          
           who
           were
           bred
           up
           with
           greater
           austerity
           ,
           were
           really
           offended
           that
           Christs
           Disciples
           did
           
           not
           fast
           as
           they
           did
           :
           our
           Saviour
           puts
           them
           off
           with
           a
           Parabolical
           Answer
           ;
           
             Can
             the
             Children
             of
             the
             Bride-chamber
             fast
             ,
             as
             long
             as
             the
             Bridegroom
             is
             with
          
           
           them
           ?
           which
           answer
           might
           puzzle
           them
           more
           ,
           as
           not
           understanding
           why
           fasting
           should
           be
           inconsistent
           with
           his
           corporal
           Presence
           ;
           yet
           to
           let
           them
           see
           that
           he
           did
           not
           look
           on
           Fasting
           ,
           as
           a
           Duty
           unsutable
           to
           his
           Religion
           ,
           he
           tells
           them
           ,
           the
           Days
           would
           come
           ,
           when
           his
           Disciples
           should
           have
           their
           times
           of
           Fasting
           .
           
             But
             the
             Days
             will
             come
             when
             the
             Bridegroom
             shall
             be
             taken
             from
             them
             ,
             and
             then
             shall
             they
             fast
             .
          
           So
           that
           it
           is
           not
           Occasional
           or
           Anniversary
           Days
           of
           Fasting
           ,
           which
           are
           condemned
           here
           by
           the
           Apostle
           ,
           as
           
             Will-worship
             ,
             or
             neglecting
             the
             Body
          
           ;
           but
           the
           imposing
           a
           new
           and
           severer
           course
           of
           Life
           upon
           Christians
           ,
           as
           a
           way
           of
           greater
           perfection
           of
           Mortification
           ,
           than
           what
           was
           required
           by
           Christ
           or
           his
           Apostles
           .
           This
           is
           that
           which
           the
           Apostle
           calls
           
             being
             subject
             to
             Ordinances
          
           ;
           and
           living
           after
           the
           
           
             Commandments
             and
             Doctrines
             of
             Men.
             Theodoret
          
           observes
           
             that
             he
             doth
             not
             mean
             the
             Law
             by
             this
             ,
             but
             the
             unseasonable
             Doctrine
             of
             these
             Seducers
          
           ;
           and
           it
           is
           evident
           from
           the
           foregoing
           part
           of
           the
           20.
           v.
           
             Wherefore
             if
             ye
             be
             dead
             with
             Christ
             from
             the
             rudiments
             of
             the
             World
             :
             i.
             e.
          
           if
           ye
           are
           freed
           from
           the
           
             Yoke
             of
             the
             Law
          
           ,
           what
           reason
           is
           there
           ye
           should
           submit
           to
           another
           ,
           which
           depends
           only
           on
           the
           Authority
           and
           invention
           of
           Men
           ?
           But
           what
           then
           ?
           Doth
           
           S.
           
             Paul
             make
             it
             unlawful
             to
             submit
             to
             any
             Orders
             or
             Rites
             appointed
             by
             the
             Church
             in
             which
             we
             live
             ?
          
           By
           no
           means
           .
           For
           neither
           doth
           the
           Apostle
           speak
           of
           those
           who
           had
           lawful
           Authority
           ,
           but
           of
           Seducers
           ;
           nor
           doth
           he
           speak
           of
           things
           appointed
           meerly
           for
           Order
           and
           Decency
           ;
           but
           of
           such
           things
           which
           are
           supposed
           by
           the
           Imposers
           to
           have
           more
           of
           
             true
             Perfection
          
           and
           Sanctity
           in
           them
           ;
           more
           Humility
           and
           Mortification
           ;
           and
           consequently
           to
           be
           
             more
             pleasing
             to
             God
          
           ,
           than
           bare
           obedience
           to
           the
           Precepts
           of
           Christ
           and
           his
           Apostles
           .
           Whoever
           introduce
           any
           such
           things
           into
           the
           Christian
           Church
           ,
           and
           maintain
           any
           such
           opinions
           of
           them
           ,
           are
           justly
           censured
           by
           the
           Apostle
           here
           ,
           and
           fall
           under
           the
           condemnation
           of
           Seducers
           .
        
         
           (
           4.
           )
           These
           things
           ,
           whatsoever
           shew
           of
           Wisdom
           and
           Humility
           they
           make
           ,
           are
           really
           the
           effects
           of
           Pride
           and
           Folly.
           
        
         
           (
           1.
           )
           Of
           Pride
           :
           which
           appears
           ,
        
         
           1.
           
           By
           a
           great
           presumption
           of
           their
           great
           Skill
           and
           Knowledge
           in
           the
           Mysteries
           of
           Religion
           ,
           and
           of
           what
           is
           most
           pleasing
           to
           God
           ;
           
             Intruding
             into
          
           
           
             those
             things
             which
             he
             hath
             not
             seen
             ,
             vainly
             puft
             up
             by
             his
             fleshly
             mind
             .
          
           So
           that
           here
           was
           a
           great
           outward
           appearance
           of
           Humility
           and
           Mortification
           ;
           but
           within
           nothing
           but
           Pride
           and
           Vanity
           .
           It
           hath
           been
           long
           observed
           ,
           that
           those
           who
           strive
           to
           exceed
           others
           in
           the
           outward
           shews
           and
           appearances
           of
           
           
             Humility
             and
             neglect
             of
             the
             Body
             ,
          
           have
           been
           most
           liable
           to
           the
           Temptations
           of
           
             Sp
             ritual
             Pride
             ;
             i.
             e.
          
           to
           a
           high
           opinion
           of
           themselves
           ,
           and
           a
           contempt
           of
           others
           ,
           which
           they
           have
           manifested
           by
           an
           invincible
           stiffness
           in
           maintaining
           their
           own
           opinions
           ;
           a
           readiness
           to
           impose
           them
           upon
           others
           ;
           and
           impatience
           of
           contradiction
           from
           any
           .
        
         
           2.
           
           By
           an
           affectation
           of
           greater
           Humility
           ,
           than
           appears
           in
           others
           .
           These
           Seducers
           ,
           we
           see
           ,
           pretended
           to
           nothing
           more
           than
           Humility
           .
           Their
           
             Worship
             of
             Angels
          
           was
           from
           Humility
           ;
           their
           
             neglect
             of
             the
             Body
          
           from
           Humility
           too
           :
           they
           made
           so
           much
           shew
           of
           it
           ,
           as
           gave
           reason
           to
           suspect
           Pride
           lay
           at
           the
           bottom
           .
           For
           it
           is
           more
           real
           Humility
           to
           be
           contented
           to
           be
           thought
           Proud
           unjustly
           ,
           than
           to
           labour
           for
           such
           an
           opinion
           of
           more
           than
           ordinary
           Humility
           ,
           as
           these
           Seducers
           did
           .
        
         
           (
           2.
           )
           Of
           Folly
           ;
           in
           two
           things
           .
        
         
           1.
           
           In
           placing
           the
           main
           of
           their
           Religion
           in
           things
           that
           would
           not
           bear
           the
           weight
           of
           it
           ,
           which
           the
           Apostle
           intimates
           in
           those
           Words
           ,
           
             Which
             all
             are
             to
             perish
             with
             the
             using
             :
             i.
             e.
          
           as
           the
           
             Greek
             Interpreters
          
           
           explain
           it
           ,
           
             the
             matters
             of
             eating
             and
             drinking
             are
             no
             such
             great
             things
             ,
             that
             so
             much
             ado
             should
             be
             made
             about
             them
             .
          
           For
           as
           our
           Saviour
           saith
           ,
           Not
           
           
             that
             which
             goeth
             into
             the
             Mouth
             defileth
             a
             Man
             ;
             for
             it
             goeth
             into
             the
             Belly
             ,
             and
             is
             cast
             out
             into
             the
             draught
             .
          
           And
           therefore
           saith
           the
           Apostle
           ,
           
             The
             Kingdom
             of
             
             
             God
             is
             not
             Meat
             and
             Drink
             ,
             but
             Righteousness
             and
             Peace
             ,
             and
             Joy
             in
             the
             Holy
             Ghost
             ;
             for
             he
             that
             in
             these
             things
             serveth
             Christ
             ,
             is
             acceptable
             to
             God
             ,
             and
             approved
             of
             Men.
             
          
        
         
           2.
           
           In
           supposing
           the
           following
           their
           own
           Inventions
           to
           be
           more
           pleasing
           to
           God
           ,
           than
           the
           observing
           his
           own
           Commands
           .
           For
           this
           seems
           to
           be
           at
           the
           bottom
           of
           all
           ;
           these
           Seducers
           made
           no
           question
           ,
           but
           they
           had
           found
           out
           ways
           much
           more
           pleasing
           to
           God
           ,
           than
           those
           which
           were
           in
           common
           esteem
           and
           practice
           in
           the
           Christian
           Churches
           .
           So
           that
           which
           is
           called
           here
           
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
          
           ,
           is
           by
           the
           Latins
           rendered
           
             in
             Superstitione
             :
             i.
             e.
          
           in
           an
           opinion
           of
           pleasing
           God
           by
           some
           particular
           Rites
           of
           their
           own
           ;
           in
           making
           much
           of
           their
           Religion
           to
           lye
           in
           forbearing
           some
           things
           and
           doing
           others
           ,
           which
           God
           never
           required
           ,
           and
           are
           made
           no
           parts
           of
           the
           Christian
           Religion
           by
           Christ
           or
           his
           Apostles
           .
           So
           that
           here
           are
           two
           parts
           of
           the
           Superstition
           here
           spoken
           of
           .
        
         
           1.
           
           Forbearing
           some
           things
           as
           unlawful
           ,
           which
           God
           never
           made
           unlawful
           by
           any
           prohibition
           ,
           
             Touch
             not
             ,
             taste
             not
             ,
             handle
             not
             .
          
           The
           root
           of
           their
           Superstition
           did
           not
           lie
           ,
           as
           some
           imagin
           ,
           
             in
             supposing
             the
             things
             which
             they
             did
             forbear
             as
             in
             themselves
             abominable
             ,
             as
             some
             Hereticks
             did
          
           ;
           but
           in
           an
           opinion
           ,
           that
           God
           would
           be
           so
           much
           pleased
           with
           the
           meer
           forbearance
           of
           them
           ,
           that
           those
           who
           
           design
           to
           please
           God
           ,
           were
           bound
           to
           abstain
           from
           them
           ,
           although
           he
           had
           never
           forbidden
           them
           .
           And
           there
           is
           a
           material
           difference
           between
           these
           three
           things
           .
           (
           1.
           )
           Abstaining
           from
           things
           as
           in
           themselves
           unlawful
           to
           be
           used
           .
           (
           2.
           )
           Preferring
           the
           Abstinence
           before
           the
           Use
           ,
           on
           some
           particular
           Seasons
           and
           Occasions
           .
           (
           3.
           )
           Making
           the
           forbearance
           of
           them
           as
           unlawful
           (
           though
           not
           sorbidden
           )
           as
           necessary
           to
           the
           pleasing
           of
           God.
           There
           were
           such
           who
           did
           utterly
           forbid
           the
           use
           of
           Marriage
           and
           Meats
           ,
           of
           whom
           the
           Apostle
           speaks
           ,
           1
           Tim.
           4.
           3.
           
           And
           the
           Christian
           Church
           ,
           as
           S.
           Augustine
           observes
           ,
           doth
           not
           fall
           under
           this
           censure
           of
           the
           Apostle
           ,
           when
           in
           some
           cases
           it
           prefers
           Abstinence
           from
           both
           .
           
             Ille
             prohibet
          
           ,
           saith
           he
           ,
           
             qui
             hoc
             malum
             esse
             dicit
             ,
             non
          
           
           
             qui
             huic
             bono
             ,
             aliud
             melius
             anteponit
             .
          
           But
           yet
           there
           may
           be
           a
           
             Superstitious
             Abstinence
          
           ,
           without
           that
           Superstitious
           opinion
           ;
           or
           else
           the
           Christian
           Church
           had
           no
           reason
           to
           condemn
           the
           Abstinence
           of
           the
           Montanists
           ,
           who
           ,
           as
           Tertullian
           pleads
           for
           them
           ,
           
             utterly
             rejected
             that
             opinion
          
           .
           Neither
           was
           it
           meerly
           
           because
           Montanus
           wanted
           Authority
           to
           make
           Laws
           of
           Abstinence
           .
           But
           Tertullian
           acquaints
           us
           with
           other
           arguments
           against
           it
           ,
           
             chiefly
             from
             the
             unsuitableness
             of
             it
             to
             the
             design
             of
             Christianity
             .
          
           And
           to
           impose
           such
           Abstinence
           as
           necessary
           to
           the
           pleasing
           God
           ,
           is
           that
           which
           the
           Church
           condemned
           in
           
           Montanus
           ;
           and
           the
           believing
           it
           is
           a
           
             Superstitious
             opinion
          
           ;
           though
           of
           another
           sort
           from
           that
           wh
           ch
           made
           the
           Use
           of
           them
           in
           it self
           unlawful
           .
           For
           they
           did
           it
           upon
           an
           extravagant
           fancy
           ,
           that
           
             no
             living
             Creatures
             were
             of
             Gods
             making
             ,
             but
             were
             produced
             by
             some
             other
             powers
             in
             opposition
             to
             him
          
           ;
           as
           appears
           by
           the
           Gnosticks
           ,
           the
           Marcionists
           ,
           the
           Manichees
           ,
           and
           the
           En●ratitae
           .
           But
           the
           same
           reason
           could
           not
           hold
           as
           to
           those
           Judaizing
           Christians
           ,
           who
           believed
           the
           World
           and
           all
           living
           Creatures
           were
           produced
           by
           the
           Power
           of
           God.
           For
           Irenaeus
           saith
           ,
           
             that
             the
          
           
           
             Ebionites
             did
             hold
             that
             God
             was
             the
             Maker
             of
             the
             World
          
           ;
           and
           therein
           they
           differ'd
           from
           the
           Cerinthians
           ,
           as
           well
           as
           in
           some
           other
           opinions
           ;
           yet
           these
           Ebionites
           pretended
           to
           be
           Christians
           ,
           and
           
             universally
             abstained
             from
             Flesh
          
           ,
           as
           Epiphanius
           saith
           :
           not
           that
           they
           had
           
           any
           reason
           to
           account
           Flesh
           abominable
           ;
           but
           they
           had
           learnt
           from
           the
           Essens
           to
           abstain
           from
           it
           ,
           and
           thought
           it
           greater
           Sanctity
           so
           to
           do
           .
        
         
           2.
           
           Their
           Superstition
           did
           lie
           in
           supposing
           that
           God
           would
           be
           mightily
           pleased
           with
           their
           doing
           some
           things
           of
           their
           own
           invention
           ,
           as
           the
           Worship
           of
           Angels
           was
           ;
           which
           was
           so
           far
           from
           being
           commanded
           by
           God
           in
           the
           
             Law
             of
             Moses
          
           ,
           that
           they
           had
           thence
           many
           arguments
           against
           it
           :
           but
           notwithstanding
           they
           thought
           there
           was
           so
           much
           of
           Humility
           and
           Complement
           to
           
             God
             Almighty
          
           in
           it
           ,
           that
           he
           could
           not
           but
           be
           very
           much
           pleased
           with
           
           it
           .
           And
           when
           men
           lay
           a
           great
           weight
           of
           Religion
           upon
           doing
           or
           
             forbearing
             things
          
           ,
           neither
           commanded
           nor
           forbidden
           by
           the
           Law
           of
           God
           ,
           that
           is
           so
           far
           from
           being
           a
           pleasing
           Worship
           of
           God
           ,
           that
           it
           deserves
           no
           other
           name
           but
           that
           of
           Superstition
           and
           Will-worship
           ;
           as
           they
           do
           imply
           
             a
             shew
             of
             Wisdom
          
           ,
           without
           the
           
             Truth
             and
             Power
             of
             it
          
           .
        
         
           But
           here
           arises
           the
           main
           difficulty
           ;
           
             How
             shall
             we
             put
             a
             difference
             between
             what
             is
             pleasing
             to
             God
             ,
             and
             what
             is
             not
             ;
             or
             between
             true
             Religion
             and
             Superstition
             ?
             For
             since
             the
             Apostle
             implies
             that
             some
             things
             may
             have
             
               a
               shew
               of
               Wisdom
            
             in
             them
             ,
             
               i.
               e.
            
             may
             seem
             pleasing
             to
             God
             ,
             which
             are
             not
             so
             ;
             and
             other
             things
             may
             be
             more
             pleasing
             to
             God
             ,
             which
             do
             not
             make
             such
             
               a
               shew
               of
               Wisdom
            
             to
             Men
             ;
             it
             seems
             to
             be
             a
             matter
             of
             as
             great
             difficulty
             as
             concernment
             to
             us
             ,
             to
             understand
             the
             just
             and
             true
             bounds
             between
             
               Religious
               and
               Superstitious
               Worship
            
             .
          
        
         
           This
           is
           an
           enquiry
           of
           so
           great
           moment
           and
           consequence
           ,
           for
           the
           easing
           our
           minds
           of
           many
           trouble
           ome
           doubts
           and
           fears
           ,
           and
           setling
           in
           them
           a
           true
           notion
           of
           Religion
           ;
           that
           I
           shall
           from
           hence
           apply
           my self
           to
           the
           consideration
           of
           the
           true
           difference
           between
           the
           
             reasonable
             Worship
             of
             God
             ,
             and
             Superstition
             .
          
        
         
           Superstition
           in
           the
           general
           ,
           is
           nothing
           else
           but
           
             an
             unpleasing
             Worship
             of
             God.
          
           I
           do
           not
           speak
           of
           that
           Worship
           which
           relates
           to
           a
           
             false
             object
          
           ;
           which
           
           is
           more
           properly
           Idolatry
           ;
           but
           when
           that
           Worship
           is
           ultimately
           referred
           to
           a
           
             true
             Object
          
           ,
           as
           in
           the
           
             Worship
             of
             Angels
             as
             Mediators
          
           ,
           then
           it
           is
           Superstition
           too
           ;
           it
           being
           an
           undue
           way
           of
           giving
           Worship
           to
           the
           
             true
             God.
          
           I
           shall
           not
           trouble
           my self
           with
           an
           enquiry
           into
           the
           Etymology
           of
           the
           words
           in
           Greek
           or
           Latin
           ,
           it
           being
           well
           observed
           by
           
             Aquinas
             ,
             that
             in
             this
             matter
             we
             are
             not
             so
             much
             to
          
           
           
             observe
             the
             Etymology
             of
             Superstition
             ,
             as
             the
             use
             of
             the
             Word
             .
          
           And
           that
           hath
           been
           different
           according
           to
           mens
           notions
           concerning
           Religion
           .
        
         
           Those
           who
           believed
           no
           God
           at
           all
           ,
           or
           at
           least
           no
           Providence
           ,
           accounted
           all
           Religion
           to
           be
           nothing
           but
           Superstition
           .
           And
           it
           is
           a
           weak
           and
           silly
           Apology
           a
           late
           Commentator
           on
           Lucretius
           makes
           for
           his
           saying
           ,
           
             so
             much
             mischief
             hath
             been
             done
             by
             Religion
          
           ;
           
           
             by
             Religion
          
           ,
           saith
           he
           ,
           
             he
             meant
             Superstition
          
           ;
           for
           he
           accounted
           all
           Religion
           to
           be
           nothing
           else
           but
           Superstition
           .
           And
           those
           in
           our
           Age
           ,
           who
           can
           find
           no
           other
           difference
           between
           them
           ;
           
             but
             that
             one
             is
             allowed
             ,
             and
             the
             other
             not
             ;
             or
             one
             is
             what
             we
             like
             ,
             and
          
           
           
             the
             other
             what
             we
             dislike
          
           ;
           do
           destroy
           any
           real
           difference
           between
           them
           ;
           and
           make
           only
           Religion
           a
           
             Superstition
             in
             fashion
          
           ;
           and
           Superstition
           a
           
             Religion
             out
             of
             fashion
          
           .
           Whereas
           if
           there
           be
           a
           God
           and
           Providence
           ,
           there
           must
           be
           such
           a
           thing
           as
           
             true
             Religion
             :
             i.
             e.
          
           there
           ought
           to
           be
           some
           Acts
           in
           us
           agreeable
           to
           the
           Conceptions
           we
           have
           of
           the
           Divine
           
           Nature
           .
           For
           ,
           His
           Majesty
           and
           Power
           requires
           our
           Fear
           ;
           not
           an
           amazing
           ,
           confounding
           ,
           unaccountable
           Fear
           ,
           arising
           from
           a
           perplexity
           and
           disorder
           of
           our
           imaginations
           ;
           but
           a
           just
           ,
           reasonable
           ,
           prudent
           Fear
           ,
           springing
           from
           our
           most
           serious
           thoughts
           and
           deepest
           consideration
           of
           things
           .
           For
           ,
           if
           it
           be
           impossible
           for
           any
           thinking
           man
           to
           satisfie
           himself
           in
           the
           train
           of
           Causes
           ,
           but
           
             he
             must
             come
             to
             this
             thought
             at
             last
             ,
             that
             there
             is
             some
             Cause
             ,
             whereof
             there
             is
             no
             former
             Cause
             ,
             but
             is
             Eternal
             ;
             which
             is
             that
             we
             call
             God
          
           ;
           then
           it
           is
           impossible
           if
           this
           man
           pursues
           his
           own
           thoughts
           ,
           but
           the
           first
           Consequence
           from
           hence
           will
           be
           ,
           that
           if
           this
           God
           be
           the
           
             first
             cause
             of
             all
             things
             ,
             his
             Power
             and
             Majesty
          
           is
           so
           great
           ,
           as
           to
           command
           a
           due
           Reverence
           and
           Fear
           from
           us
           his
           Creatures
           .
           This
           is
           not
           such
           a
           Fear
           as
           
             Men
             have
             in
             a
             storm
             ,
             or
             when
             a
             sudden
             calamity
             seizeth
             upon
             them
             ,
             which
             makes
             them
             at
             their
             wits
             end
             ,
             and
             to
             run
             they
             know
             not
             whither
             for
             present
             help
          
           ;
           but
           it
           is
           a
           settled
           ,
           calm
           ,
           composed
           temper
           of
           mind
           ;
           a
           Fear
           without
           consternation
           ;
           an
           Awe
           and
           Reverence
           of
           the
           Divine
           Majesty
           ,
           without
           terrour
           and
           astonishment
           .
           For
           ,
           as
           the
           mighty
           Power
           of
           God
           begets
           fear
           in
           us
           ,
           so
           the
           infinite
           Goodness
           and
           Wisdom
           of
           God
           ,
           not
           only
           keep
           up
           mens
           minds
           from
           sinking
           into
           slavish
           Fear
           ,
           and
           horrible
           despair
           ;
           but
           fills
           them
           with
           comfortable
           hopes
           ,
           and
           a
           patient
           and
           humble
           Trust
           
           and
           Confidence
           in
           his
           never-failing
           Providence
           .
           And
           this
           is
           the
           Nature
           of
           
             true
             Religion
          
           in
           the
           Minds
           of
           Men.
           
        
         
           But
           because
           it
           tends
           to
           the
           honour
           of
           our
           Maker
           ,
           and
           the
           incouraging
           one
           another
           to
           Acts
           of
           Piety
           and
           Devotion
           ,
           that
           this
           inward
           sense
           of
           our
           Minds
           be
           expressed
           by
           such
           external
           Actions
           as
           are
           agreeable
           thereto
           ,
           from
           thence
           came
           the
           necessity
           of
           the
           publick
           Offices
           of
           Religion
           ,
           wherein
           we
           offer
           up
           our
           Prayers
           and
           Praises
           to
           the
           Divine
           Majesty
           in
           acknowledgment
           of
           our
           Dependence
           upon
           him
           for
           what
           we
           have
           ,
           or
           are
           ,
           or
           hope
           for
           .
           And
           there
           is
           nothing
           in
           all
           this
           ,
           but
           what
           is
           highly
           just
           and
           reasonable
           ,
           and
           this
           is
           
             true
             natural
             Religion
          
           .
        
         
           But
           then
           we
           cannot
           deny
           ,
           that
           there
           is
           too
           great
           a
           natural
           proneness
           in
           Mankind
           to
           Superstition
           .
           For
           ,
           when
           men
           cannot
           shake
           off
           the
           apprehension
           of
           a
           Deity
           ,
           and
           yet
           are
           conscious
           to
           themselves
           that
           they
           have
           offended
           him
           ;
           the
           very
           thoughts
           of
           him
           prove
           so
           uneasie
           to
           them
           ,
           that
           they
           would
           be
           glad
           to
           believe
           there
           were
           none
           at
           all
           ,
           and
           give
           all
           the
           advantage
           to
           Atheistical
           Objections
           which
           a
           willing
           mind
           can
           do
           :
           And
           as
           Plutarch
           observes
           of
           Superstitious
           Men
           ,
           
             they
             would
             be
             Atheists
             if
             they
             durst
             .
          
           But
           finding
           still
           an
           inward
           dissatisfaction
           ,
           and
           an
           impossibility
           of
           rooting
           out
           the
           fears
           of
           a
           Deity
           ;
           the
           
           next
           thing
           is
           ,
           to
           think
           upon
           some
           ways
           to
           please
           him
           ,
           and
           to
           mitigate
           his
           displeasure
           against
           them
           .
           And
           we
           can
           hardly
           imagine
           any
           thing
           so
           pompous
           and
           ceremonious
           ,
           so
           mean
           and
           servile
           ,
           so
           cruel
           and
           barbarous
           ,
           so
           ridiculous
           and
           foppish
           ,
           but
           Mankind
           have
           made
           use
           of
           it
           to
           atone
           the
           anger
           of
           their
           Gods.
           For
           ,
           the
           first
           effect
           of
           Superstition
           ,
           on
           Mens
           minds
           ,
           was
           ;
           that
           they
           durst
           not
           make
           immediate
           Applications
           to
           the
           
             Supreme
             Being
          
           ,
           as
           being
           too
           great
           and
           powerful
           for
           them
           :
           therefore
           they
           pitched
           on
           some
           inferiour
           Beings
           to
           mediate
           ,
           and
           to
           offer
           up
           their
           Devotions
           and
           Sacrifices
           to
           him
           ,
           whom
           they
           thought
           it
           too
           great
           presumption
           to
           approach
           .
           When
           thus
           Superstition
           in
           the
           most
           proper
           sense
           of
           
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
          
           had
           in
           a
           great
           measure
           supplanted
           
             true
             Religion
          
           in
           the
           World
           ;
           then
           it
           proceeded
           to
           find
           out
           such
           ways
           and
           methods
           of
           Worship
           ,
           as
           they
           thought
           would
           be
           most
           pleasing
           to
           these
           inferiour
           Deities
           .
           They
           erected
           Temples
           and
           Altars
           to
           them
           ,
           and
           set
           out
           their
           Images
           with
           all
           the
           Art
           and
           Splendor
           they
           were
           capable
           of
           ;
           and
           upon
           extraordinary
           Occasions
           they
           were
           carried
           with
           wonderful
           Pomp
           and
           Solemnity
           through
           the
           Streets
           ,
           all
           Orders
           of
           Men
           attending
           them
           with
           Supplications
           and
           Prayers
           and
           costly
           Sacrifices
           to
           avert
           their
           Wrath
           and
           Displeasure
           .
           And
           they
           were
           not
           content
           with
           promiscuous
           Sacrifices
           ,
           but
           they
           studied
           by
           all
           possible
           means
           to
           
           find
           out
           what
           Sacrifices
           would
           please
           them
           best
           ;
           if
           they
           fancied
           it
           must
           be
           something
           very
           dear
           and
           precious
           to
           them
           ,
           they
           stuck
           not
           at
           offering
           up
           their
           very
           children
           to
           appease
           them
           ;
           and
           contrived
           by
           loud
           Musick
           to
           stop
           their
           ears
           from
           hearing
           the
           hideous
           cries
           of
           their
           Children
           while
           they
           were
           roasting
           in
           the
           flames
           .
           And
           in
           their
           ordinary
           Sacrifices
           ,
           they
           were
           extremely
           scrupulous
           ,
           lest
           any
           spot
           or
           blemish
           ,
           or
           number
           ,
           or
           unfit
           season
           ,
           or
           so
           much
           as
           colour
           should
           be
           displeasing
           to
           the
           Gods
           they
           offered
           them
           to
           :
           some
           must
           have
           white
           and
           uneven
           ;
           others
           black
           and
           even
           sacrifices
           ;
           some
           must
           have
           their
           Sacrifices
           offerd
           at
           the
           rising
           ,
           some
           at
           the
           setting
           of
           the
           Sun
           ;
           some
           must
           have
           one
           sort
           of
           Beasts
           ,
           and
           some
           another
           ;
           and
           some
           no
           less
           than
           Mans
           flesh
           would
           satisfy
           ;
           which
           inhumane
           Sacrifices
           ,
           on
           some
           occasions
           ,
           did
           almost
           universally
           obtain
           ,
           before
           the
           Christian
           Religion
           prevailed
           in
           the
           World.
           But
           again
           ,
           other
           Deities
           were
           presumed
           to
           be
           so
           nice
           and
           squeamish
           ,
           that
           nothing
           was
           to
           be
           offered
           them
           but
           Milk
           ,
           and
           Wine
           ,
           and
           Honey
           ,
           and
           some
           Fruits
           of
           the
           Earth
           .
           It
           were
           infinite
           to
           relate
           the
           Rites
           and
           Customs
           of
           their
           Sacrifices
           ,
           and
           all
           the
           ways
           they
           used
           to
           please
           their
           Gods
           ,
           and
           to
           find
           out
           whether
           they
           were
           pleased
           or
           not
           ;
           by
           the
           posture
           ,
           the
           tongue
           ,
           the
           entrails
           of
           their
           Beasts
           ;
           by
           the
           flying
           of
           Birds
           ,
           the
           feeding
           of
           Chickens
           ,
           the
           falling
           
           of
           a
           staff
           ,
           the
           holes
           of
           a
           sieve
           ,
           &c.
           and
           innumerable
           ways
           of
           Divination
           ,
           by
           which
           they
           flatter'd
           themselves
           that
           they
           understood
           the
           good
           Will
           and
           Pleasure
           of
           their
           Gods
           ,
           which
           did
           not
           so
           much
           satisfy
           their
           curiosity
           ,
           as
           fill
           them
           with
           perpetual
           fears
           ,
           and
           oppress
           them
           with
           the
           horrible
           Bondage
           of
           Superstition
           ;
           which
           exalted
           almost
           every
           thing
           to
           the
           honour
           of
           a
           Deity
           ,
           and
           made
           themselves
           miserable
           by
           seeking
           to
           please
           them
           .
        
         
           But
           although
           this
           were
           the
           deplorable
           state
           of
           Mankind
           ,
           forsaken
           of
           God
           and
           left
           to
           their
           own
           inventions
           ;
           yet
           such
           is
           the
           weakness
           and
           folly
           of
           Men
           ,
           that
           when
           God
           himself
           had
           given
           a
           Law
           to
           the
           Israelites
           to
           regulate
           their
           Worship
           ,
           with
           as
           much
           condescension
           to
           their
           weakness
           ,
           as
           the
           Wisdom
           of
           his
           Laws
           would
           permit
           ;
           yet
           so
           great
           was
           the
           Witchcraft
           of
           Superstition
           ,
           that
           they
           were
           always
           almost
           hankering
           after
           the
           Dotage
           of
           their
           neighbour
           Nations
           .
           And
           although
           they
           often
           smarted
           severely
           for
           it
           ;
           yet
           the
           rod
           was
           no
           sooner
           off
           ,
           but
           they
           were
           ready
           to
           return
           to
           their
           former
           
             Superstitious
             vanities
          
           ,
           and
           were
           so
           obstinately
           bent
           upon
           them
           ,
           that
           nothing
           could
           move
           them
           ;
           not
           their
           former
           experience
           ;
           not
           the
           unreasonableness
           of
           the
           thing
           ;
           not
           the
           terrible
           denunciations
           of
           Gods
           heavy
           judgments
           against
           them
           ;
           till
           at
           last
           ,
           when
           there
           was
           no
           remedy
           ,
           
           the
           whole
           People
           were
           carried
           into
           Captivity
           ;
           from
           whence
           the
           greatest
           part
           never
           returned
           ,
           and
           their
           very
           memory
           is
           lost
           by
           a
           mixture
           with
           other
           Nations
           .
           Those
           who
           returned
           ,
           have
           been
           so
           wise
           ever
           since
           ,
           as
           to
           abhor
           that
           provoking
           sin
           of
           Idolatry
           ;
           which
           their
           Ancestors
           suffered
           so
           much
           for
           :
           but
           by
           degrees
           they
           fell
           into
           other
           kinds
           of
           Superstitions
           .
           For
           it
           was
           thought
           a
           mean
           thing
           among
           them
           to
           keep
           to
           the
           Law
           ;
           but
           the
           Traditions
           of
           their
           Elders
           were
           looked
           upon
           as
           precious
           things
           ;
           and
           happy
           was
           the
           Man
           that
           was
           strictest
           in
           the
           observance
           of
           them
           .
           Their
           frequent
           Washings
           ,
           their
           additional
           Fastings
           and
           Prayers
           ,
           their
           Garments
           ,
           their
           Postures
           ,
           their
           very
           Looks
           had
           such
           an
           appearance
           of
           Sanctity
           above
           other
           Mens
           ;
           that
           a
           man
           who
           kept
           only
           to
           the
           Law
           ,
           was
           of
           no
           regard
           or
           esteem
           for
           Piety
           and
           Devotion
           .
        
         
           This
           was
           the
           state
           of
           Religion
           among
           the
           Jews
           when
           Christ
           appeared
           ,
           who
           laid
           open
           the
           foppery
           and
           hypocrisie
           of
           these
           great
           pretenders
           to
           extraordinary
           Sanctity
           .
           He
           directed
           men
           
             to
             the
             love
             of
             God
             and
             their
             Neighbours
             ,
          
           as
           the
           main
           substantial
           parts
           of
           
             true
             Religion
          
           .
           And
           next
           to
           his
           making
           a
           propitiation
           for
           the
           sins
           of
           Mankind
           by
           the
           Sacrifice
           of
           himself
           ,
           his
           great
           end
           was
           to
           restore
           
             true
             Religion
          
           to
           the
           World
           ,
           which
           had
           been
           so
           long
           buried
           under
           the
           heap
           of
           Superstitions
           .
           
           And
           there
           needed
           so
           great
           an
           Authority
           as
           his
           was
           ,
           to
           assure
           Mankind
           ,
           that
           nothing
           was
           so
           pleasing
           and
           acceptable
           to
           God
           ,
           as
           unaffected
           Piety
           ,
           and
           universal
           Goodness
           ;
           which
           comprehends
           under
           it
           all
           the
           Duties
           of
           Temperance
           ,
           Righteousness
           and
           Charity
           .
           And
           it
           is
           one
           great
           Argument
           of
           the
           Providence
           of
           God
           watching
           over
           his
           Church
           ,
           that
           he
           hath
           caused
           the
           Discourses
           of
           our
           
             Blessed
             Saviour
          
           to
           be
           preserved
           by
           the
           Writings
           of
           the
           Evangelists
           ;
           without
           which
           in
           all
           likelihood
           ,
           the
           Christian
           Religion
           had
           been
           long
           since
           lost
           in
           the
           World.
           For
           the
           
             Jewish
             Christians
          
           who
           corrupted
           Christianity
           ,
           had
           represented
           St.
           Peter
           as
           so
           favourable
           to
           them
           ;
           and
           so
           misrepresented
           St.
           Paul
           ;
           that
           unless
           Christs
           Doctrine
           had
           been
           preserved
           in
           his
           own
           words
           ,
           and
           that
           by
           the
           concurrent
           Testimony
           of
           different
           Writers
           ,
           the
           Christian
           Religion
           had
           preserved
           little
           more
           than
           its
           name
           in
           the
           World.
           
        
         
           And
           yet
           with
           all
           this
           advantage
           ,
           such
           was
           still
           the
           fondness
           of
           Mankind
           for
           their
           own
           Inventions
           ,
           that
           even
           under
           the
           Apostles
           eyes
           ,
           most
           of
           the
           Churches
           began
           to
           be
           tainted
           with
           these
           corruptions
           ;
           partly
           by
           the
           
             Judaizing
             Christians
          
           ;
           and
           partly
           by
           the
           followers
           of
           Simon
           and
           Menander
           .
           But
           they
           all
           agreed
           in
           something
           new
           and
           mysterious
           ,
           and
           more
           pleasing
           to
           God
           ,
           than
           the
           dull
           and
           common
           way
           of
           Faith
           and
           Obedience
           .
           After
           
           the
           Apostles
           decease
           ,
           the
           corruptions
           still
           multiplied
           ,
           and
           any
           new
           pretence
           to
           Revelations
           and
           Mysteries
           ,
           especially
           being
           joined
           with
           greater
           
             Abstinence
             and
             severity
             of
             Life
          
           ,
           took
           wonderfully
           among
           weak
           and
           injudicious
           Christians
           ,
           and
           made
           them
           apt
           to
           despise
           the
           
             Churches
             Devotions
          
           ,
           as
           too
           cold
           and
           flat
           ,
           and
           not
           having
           that
           
             Life
             and
             Spirit
          
           ,
           that
           Strictness
           and
           Austerity
           which
           appeared
           among
           the
           new
           pretenders
           .
           What
           disturbance
           on
           this
           account
           did
           the
           Spirit
           of
           Montanus
           give
           to
           the
           Churches
           of
           
             Phrygia
             ,
             Galatia
          
           ,
           and
           Cappadocia
           ?
           The
           meer
           pretence
           to
           Revelation
           had
           never
           done
           it
           ,
           had
           it
           not
           been
           for
           the
           stricter
           Laws
           of
           Fasting
           and
           Mortification
           ,
           and
           greater
           Severity
           of
           Discipline
           than
           was
           used
           in
           the
           Catholick
           Church
           .
           It
           was
           this
           which
           made
           Tertullian
           swallow
           the
           bait
           he
           had
           despised
           before
           ;
           and
           the
           force
           of
           all
           his
           Arguments
           against
           the
           Church
           is
           ,
           we
           are
           stricter
           than
           you
           .
           But
           notwithstanding
           all
           these
           pretences
           ,
           the
           Christian
           Church
           still
           kept
           it self
           within
           its
           bounds
           ,
           making
           nothing
           necessary
           to
           Salvation
           ,
           but
           what
           Christ
           and
           his
           Apostles
           had
           made
           so
           ;
           yet
           recommending
           the
           Practice
           of
           Fasting
           ,
           as
           there
           were
           just
           Occasions
           ,
           especially
           before
           the
           great
           solemnity
           of
           Easter
           ;
           wherein
           both
           the
           Sacraments
           were
           administred
           with
           more
           than
           ordinary
           Devotion
           ,
           and
           the
           Penitents
           reconciled
           to
           the
           Communion
           of
           the
           Church
           .
        
         
         
           If
           we
           look
           at
           this
           day
           into
           the
           state
           of
           the
           
             Christian
             World
          
           ;
           how
           great
           a
           part
           of
           it
           is
           relapsed
           into
           almost
           
             Heathen
             Superstitions
          
           ,
           in
           the
           Worship
           of
           Images
           ,
           and
           Saints
           ,
           and
           Angels
           as
           Mediators
           ?
           and
           no
           great
           difference
           in
           the
           outward
           Solemnities
           and
           Processions
           ,
           save
           that
           their
           Sacrifices
           are
           turned
           into
           a
           
             Consecrated
             Wafer
          
           ,
           which
           is
           carried
           in
           Procession
           ,
           as
           the
           
             Heathen
             Gods
          
           were
           wont
           to
           be
           .
           It
           is
           true
           ,
           there
           are
           great
           pretences
           to
           Will-worship
           ,
           and
           Humility
           ,
           and
           
             neglecting
             the
             Body
          
           in
           several
           Orders
           of
           Men
           ;
           and
           those
           are
           looked
           on
           as
           ways
           of
           
             greater
             perfection
          
           ,
           than
           living
           in
           the
           World
           ,
           and
           doing
           good
           in
           it
           .
           Which
           we
           have
           no
           reason
           to
           think
           agreeable
           to
           the
           Doctrine
           of
           Christ
           or
           our
           Apostle
           here
           .
           But
           where
           there
           is
           not
           only
           Sanctity
           and
           Merit
           ,
           placed
           in
           such
           observations
           ,
           but
           
             Supererogation
             too
          
           ,
           they
           flatly
           contradict
           S
           t
           Paul
           ;
           for
           if
           that
           be
           true
           ,
           these
           things
           have
           far
           more
           than
           
             the
             shew
             of
             Wisdom
          
           ;
           for
           what
           wiser
           thing
           can
           any
           man
           do
           ,
           than
           not
           only
           to
           provide
           for
           his
           own
           Salvation
           ,
           but
           for
           others
           too
           ?
        
         
           In
           the
           
             Eastern
             Churches
          
           ,
           the
           best
           part
           ,
           I
           fear
           ,
           of
           their
           remaining
           Christianity
           ,
           lies
           in
           the
           strict
           observing
           the
           Fasts
           and
           Feasts
           of
           the
           Church
           .
           They
           mightily
           despise
           the
           Fasting
           practised
           in
           the
           
             Roman
             Church
          
           ,
           as
           not
           deserving
           the
           name
           of
           Fasting
           ,
           because
           they
           end
           it
           at
           noon
           ,
           and
           allow
           Wine
           and
           Fish
           for
           their
           repasts
           .
           Although
           it
           is
           said
           
           
             that
             of
             late
             the
             Greeks
             break
             the
             strict
             Fast
             at
             noon
          
           ;
           
           but
           in
           St.
           Chrys.
           and
           St.
           Basils
           time
           they
           accounted
           it
           
             no
             Fast
             wherein
             they
             did
             not
             totally
             abstain
             till
             night
             .
          
           The
           more
           
             Eastern
             Christians
          
           allow
           neither
           Fish
           ,
           nor
           Wine
           ,
           nor
           
             Oyl
             in
             their
             Lents
          
           ,
           and
           they
           keep
           more
           in
           the
           Year
           than
           the
           
             Latin
             Church
          
           *
        
         
           In
           the
           
             Church
             of
             England
          
           ,
           which
           approacheth
           nearest
           of
           any
           in
           the
           World
           to
           the
           
             Primitive
             Church
          
           ,
           the
           Duty
           of
           Fasting
           is
           recommended
           upon
           its
           true
           Grounds
           ,
           not
           as
           though
           there
           were
           any
           peculiar
           Sanctity
           or
           Merit
           in
           it
           ,
           which
           are
           Superstitious
           Conceits
           ,
           but
           to
           keep
           the
           Body
           in
           Subjection
           to
           the
           Spirit
           .
           It
           lays
           no
           snares
           upon
           the
           Consciences
           of
           Men
           ;
           it
           gives
           no
           Countenance
           to
           hypocritical
           pretences
           to
           Fasting
           ;
           but
           it
           sets
           before
           us
           the
           example
           and
           practice
           of
           the
           
             Primitive
             Church
          
           ,
           and
           according
           to
           the
           temper
           and
           Moderation
           then
           used
           ,
           leaves
           persons
           to
           judge
           of
           their
           own
           strength
           ,
           occasions
           ,
           times
           ,
           manner
           and
           degrees
           of
           Fasting
           ;
           excepting
           the
           
             Fast
             on
             good
             Friday
          
           or
           the
           true
           
             ANtepaschal
             Fast
          
           (
           which
           some
           kept
           longer
           than
           others
           )
           which
           Tertullian
           
           saith
           ,
           
             was
             universally
             observed
             by
             the
             Christian
          
           
           
             Church
             ,
             as
             a
             necessary
             Fast
             ,
             and
             had
             been
             so
             from
             the
             Apostles
             times
          
           ;
           but
           as
           to
           other
           times
           a
           greater
           liberty
           was
           allowed
           ,
           
             
               Laxus
               ac
               liber
               modus
               abstinendi
               
            
             
               Ponitur
               cunctis
               ;
               neque
               nos
               severus
            
             
               Terror
               impellit
               ;
               sua
               quemque
               cogit
               velle
               Potestas
               .
            
          
           Yet
           even
           
             this
             Church
          
           ,
           that
           is
           so
           wise
           ,
           so
           moderate
           ,
           cannot
           escape
           the
           charge
           of
           
             Will-worship
             and
             Superstition
          
           ,
           for
           the
           Orders
           that
           are
           observed
           in
           it
           .
           But
           wherein
           is
           it
           that
           we
           are
           liable
           to
           this
           charge
           ?
           Do
           we
           make
           the
           Orders
           of
           the
           Church
           any
           parts
           of
           our
           Religion
           ?
           Or
           think
           that
           God
           is
           any
           otherwise
           displeased
           with
           others
           violation
           of
           them
           ,
           than
           as
           it
           argues
           a
           froward
           ,
           restless
           ,
           unpeaceable
           Spirit
           ?
           But
           what
           is
           it
           then
           ?
           God
           ,
           say
           they
           ,
           
             hath
             not
             commanded
             these
             things
             ,
             therefore
             they
             are
             Will-worship
             and
             Superstition
             .
          
        
         
           This
           is
           an
           Objection
           ,
           which
           for
           the
           honour
           of
           our
           Church
           I
           must
           remove
           ,
           before
           I
           proceed
           to
           what
           remains
           .
           The
           true
           Case
           among
           us
           is
           this
           ,
           The
           Church
           appoints
           such
           Orders
           to
           be
           observed
           in
           it
           ,
           which
           have
           no
           express
           
             command
             in
             Scripture
          
           ;
           some
           utterly
           refuse
           them
           as
           unlawful
           ,
           though
           no
           where
           forbidden
           in
           Scripture
           ;
           the
           Question
           is
           ,
           
           Whether
           of
           these
           two
           sorts
           ,
           those
           who
           practise
           according
           to
           these
           Orders
           ,
           or
           those
           who
           utterly
           refuse
           ,
           are
           liable
           to
           the
           charge
           of
           Will-worship
           and
           Superstition
           ?
        
         
           To
           clear
           this
           ,
           we
           must
           state
           the
           notion
           of
           Will-worship
           and
           Superstition
           as
           they
           are
           here
           used
           by
           the
           Apostle
           ,
           and
           then
           apply
           it
           to
           the
           present
           Case
           .
        
         
           (
           1.
           )
           Will-worship
           I
           have
           shew'd
           ,
           is
           nothing
           but
           a
           forwardness
           to
           do
           something
           that
           relates
           to
           the
           pleasing
           of
           God
           ;
           and
           is
           said
           by
           the
           Apostle
           to
           have
           
             a
             shew
             of
             Wisdom
          
           ,
           and
           therefore
           can
           be
           no
           more
           evil
           in
           it self
           ,
           than
           
             Humility
             ,
             or
             neglecting
             the
             Body
          
           ;
           but
           whether
           it
           be
           good
           or
           evil
           is
           to
           be
           determin'd
           by
           circumstances
           .
        
         
           (
           2.
           )
           Those
           circumstances
           which
           make
           it
           ill
           are
           ,
           when
           men
           make
           those
           things
           a
           part
           of
           their
           Religion
           ,
           which
           God
           hath
           neither
           commanded
           nor
           forbidden
           ;
           and
           think
           God
           is
           pleased
           with
           their
           meer
           doing
           or
           abstaining
           from
           doing
           them
           ,
           and
           this
           is
           true
           Superstition
           .
           For
           there
           are
           two
           things
           necessary
           to
           the
           Notion
           of
           it
           .
        
         
           1.
           
           That
           the
           matter
           about
           which
           it
           is
           conversant
           relate
           to
           the
           
             pleasing
             of
             God.
             Superstition
          
           I
           grant
           ,
           hath
           been
           taken
           by
           Plutarch
           and
           others
           from
           him
           ,
           for
           
             a
             dreadful
             apprehension
             of
             the
             Deity
          
           ;
           but
           that
           is
           rather
           the
           foundation
           of
           Superstition
           ,
           than
           the
           definition
           of
           it
           .
           For
           a
           Superstitious
           Man
           
           doth
           both
           think
           God
           to
           be
           angry
           without
           just
           cause
           ,
           and
           beyond
           reason
           ;
           and
           to
           be
           pleased
           again
           without
           reason
           .
           If
           he
           thought
           God
           inexorable
           upon
           his
           Displeasure
           ,
           he
           must
           presently
           despair
           ;
           but
           because
           he
           thinks
           he
           may
           be
           easily
           pleased
           again
           ,
           therefore
           he
           bethinks
           himself
           in
           what
           way
           he
           may
           best
           do
           it
           ;
           and
           so
           devises
           several
           ways
           of
           his
           own
           ,
           and
           useth
           any
           means
           suggested
           by
           others
           ,
           though
           never
           so
           unreasonable
           in
           themselves
           ,
           in
           hopes
           to
           please
           God
           by
           them
           .
           Thence
           Plutarch
           mentions
           such
           Mens
           ,
           
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
          
           ,
           
             uncouth
             ways
             of
             Worship
          
           ;
           and
           he
           observes
           ,
           that
           at
           the
           same
           time
           ,
           
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
          
           ,
           
             they
             flatter
             and
             reproach
             God
          
           ;
           they
           think
           unworthily
           of
           him
           ,
           as
           of
           one
           that
           is
           
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
          
           
             very
             easily
             provoked
          
           ;
           and
           yet
           that
           he
           is
           
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
          
           ,
           
             as
             easily
             changed
          
           ;
           and
           that
           is
           the
           reason
           why
           a
           Superstitious
           fear
           puts
           men
           upon
           finding
           out
           any
           ways
           and
           methods
           to
           please
           him
           ,
           though
           never
           so
           unreasonable
           ;
           for
           they
           looking
           upon
           God
           as
           a
           peevish
           ,
           angry
           ,
           humoursome
           Being
           ,
           they
           have
           no
           certain
           Rule
           to
           judge
           what
           will
           please
           him
           ,
           and
           therefore
           follow
           their
           own
           fancy
           and
           imagination
           about
           it
           .
        
         
           2.
           
           That
           they
           be
           mistaken
           in
           their
           judgment
           concerning
           what
           they
           believe
           to
           be
           pleasing
           to
           God
           ,
           that
           is
           ,
           that
           they
           judge
           that
           to
           be
           so
           ,
           which
           really
           is
           not
           .
           
             So
             Superstition
          
           is
           an
           excess
           or
           over-doing
           
           in
           the
           matter
           of
           Worship
           ;
           that
           which
           doth
           
             modum
             legitimum
             cultus
             superstare
             &
             excedere
             ,
          
           saith
           Vossius
           ;
           which
           Etymology
           he
           thinks
           much
           better
           
           than
           any
           other
           .
           Cicero
           saith
           ,
           that
           Religion
           is
           
             pius
             cultus
          
           ,
           Superstition
           
             timor
             inanis
             Deorum
             ;
             i.
             e.
          
           one
           is
           a
           reasonable
           ,
           the
           other
           an
           unreasonable
           Worship
           .
           So
           
             A.
             Gellius
          
           saith
           ,
           it
           is
           
             inepta
             &
             importuna
             Religio
          
           ;
           a
           foolish
           and
           troublesome
           Religion
           .
           Festus
           applies
           it
           to
           those
           things
           which
           are
           done
           ,
           
             praeter
             morem
             Civitatis
          
           ;
           against
           the
           Custom
           prescribed
           
           by
           Law.
           As
           those
           of
           the
           
             Church
             of
             Rome
          
           do
           ,
           to
           things
           done
           against
           the
           commands
           of
           the
           Church
           :
           and
           so
           not
           fasting
           upon
           Saturdays
           ,
           and
           fasting
           upon
           Sundays
           are
           both
           Superstitious
           in
           their
           account
           ;
           but
           all
           the
           Trumpery
           of
           the
           Mass
           ,
           and
           Follies
           of
           their
           Worship
           are
           by
           no
           means
           Superstitious
           ,
           because
           required
           by
           the
           Church
           .
           Which
           however
           helps
           us
           with
           a
           good
           argument
           to
           prove
           that
           the
           Worship
           of
           Images
           ,
           and
           Saints
           ,
           and
           Angels
           are
           required
           by
           their
           Church
           ;
           or
           else
           by
           their
           own
           confession
           they
           must
           be
           Superstitious
           .
           But
           their
           Divines
           
           do
           all
           agree
           with
           
             Aquinas
             ,
             that
             men
             may
             be
             guilty
             of
             Superstition
             in
             the
             Worship
             of
             the
             true
             God
          
           ;
           i.
           e.
           
             when
             men
             make
             choice
             of
             something
             unfit
             or
             unreasonable
             to
             express
             their
             Worship
             of
             God.
          
           And
           Suarez
           
           quotes
           Cajetan
           ,
           as
           allowing
           this
           Text
           to
           be
           extended
           to
           all
           
             Superstitious
             Worship
             not
             founded
             in
             right
             reason
             .
          
           And
           Cajetan
           upon
           the
           place
           saith
           ,
           
           that
           although
           they
           have
           
             a
             shew
             of
             Wisdom
          
           ;
           yet
           
             not
             in
             any
             honour
          
           ,
           saith
           he
           ,
           
             i.
             e.
             they
             deserve
             no
             esteem
             ,
             being
             only
             for
             the
             satisfying
             of
             the
             flesh
             :
          
           i.
           e.
           
             of
             a
             carnal
             desire
             as
             to
             these
             external
             observations
             .
          
        
         
           (
           3.
           )
           The
           Superstition
           here
           condemned
           ,
           lay
           in
           the
           supposing
           God
           to
           be
           pleased
           with
           the
           forbearance
           of
           lawful
           things
           ;
           
             touch
             not
             ,
             taste
             not
             ,
             handle
             not
             .
          
           Which
           if
           we
           understand
           either
           of
           Meats
           or
           Marriage
           ,
           was
           a
           forbearance
           of
           things
           in
           themselves
           lawful
           ;
           but
           they
           supposed
           God
           would
           be
           far
           better
           pleased
           with
           their
           forbearance
           of
           them
           .
           I
           do
           not
           say
           ,
           it
           is
           Superstition
           for
           any
           man
           to
           abstain
           from
           doing
           what
           he
           apprehends
           to
           be
           unlawful
           by
           vertue
           of
           a
           general
           command
           :
           For
           that
           is
           a
           Moral
           Duty
           ,
           and
           obedience
           to
           those
           places
           of
           Scripture
           which
           bid
           us
           abstain
           from
           all
           kind
           and
           appearance
           of
           evil
           .
           But
           yet
           it
           is
           plain
           here
           was
           a
           
             Negative
             Superstition
          
           in
           the
           forbearance
           of
           lawful
           things
           :
           And
           so
           it
           was
           in
           the
           dispute
           between
           Christ
           and
           the
           Pharisees
           
             about
             healing
             on
          
           
           
             the
             Sabbath
             Day
          
           ;
           they
           thought
           it
           unlawful
           :
           Christ
           declares
           it
           to
           be
           lawful
           to
           do
           good
           on
           the
           Sabbath
           Days
           .
           Here
           was
           no
           positive
           observance
           on
           the
           Pharisees
           part
           ;
           Yet
           here
           was
           Superstition
           in
           them
           ;
           and
           therefore
           the
           true
           notion
           of
           Superstition
           doth
           extend
           to
           the
           forbearance
           of
           things
           in
           themselves
           lawful
           as
           displeasing
           to
           God.
           
        
         
           But
           how
           shall
           we
           know
           ,
           when
           such
           a
           forbearance
           is
           Superstitious
           ?
        
         
         
           By
           these
           Rules
           :
        
         
           1.
           
           If
           such
           a
           forbearance
           be
           thought
           to
           bring
           some
           
             special
             honour
          
           to
           God.
           For
           then
           ,
           even
           Dr.
           Ames
           himself
           grants
           it
           to
           be
           
             Superstition
             ,
             to
             abstain
          
           
           
             from
             lawful
             things
             though
             accounted
             unlawful
             by
             the
             Persons
             who
             abstain
             ;
             when
             some
             singular
             service
             and
             honour
             is
             by
             that
             abstinence
             intended
             :
          
           For
           then
           he
           grants
           it
           to
           be
           
             a
             kind
             of
             Ceremonious
             Worship
          
           .
           The
           question
           then
           is
           ,
           when
           this
           case
           happens
           ;
           for
           our
           Abstinence
           from
           Popish
           or
           
             Mahumetan
             Superstitions
          
           ,
           is
           not
           any
           special
           Act
           of
           Service
           ,
           or
           Honour
           to
           God.
           But
           if
           we
           lived
           where
           those
           Acts
           of
           Worship
           were
           required
           by
           lawful
           Authority
           ;
           and
           we
           refused
           to
           comply
           with
           them
           ,
           that
           would
           be
           a
           special
           Act
           of
           Honour
           and
           Worship
           to
           God
           ;
           it
           being
           a
           declaration
           of
           our
           Minds
           ,
           that
           we
           thought
           God
           dishonoured
           by
           such
           Acts
           ,
           and
           therefore
           durst
           not
           comply
           with
           them
           .
           It
           was
           once
           a
           great
           Question
           among
           the
           Papists
           ,
           whether
           they
           might
           lawfully
           come
           to
           our
           Churches
           ,
           or
           not
           ;
           and
           if
           not
           to
           our
           Prayers
           and
           Sacraments
           ,
           yet
           to
           our
           Sermons
           ,
           to
           avoid
           the
           severe
           Penalties
           of
           the
           Laws
           .
           And
           after
           great
           debate
           both
           by
           a
           Committee
           of
           the
           Council
           of
           Trent
           ,
           and
           afterwards
           at
           Rome
           ;
           it
           was
           resolved
           in
           the
           Negative
           ,
           upon
           this
           Reason
           ,
           because
           in
           our
           Circumstances
           ,
           it
           was
           
             signum
             distinctivum
             cultûs
          
           ,
           a
           mark
           of
           distinction
           as
           to
           
             Religious
             Worship
          
           ,
           and
           therefore
           it
           was
           an
           Act
           of
           special
           
           honour
           and
           service
           to
           God
           to
           forbear
           .
           To
           abstain
           from
           pouring
           out
           Wine
           ,
           and
           throwing
           Incense
           in
           the
           fire
           ,
           is
           in
           it self
           no
           Act
           of
           Worship
           ;
           but
           when
           the
           Heathen
           Emperours
           commanded
           the
           Christians
           to
           do
           it
           ,
           in
           token
           of
           compliance
           with
           their
           Religion
           ;
           their
           abstaining
           then
           from
           it
           ,
           was
           a
           singular
           Act
           of
           Worship
           to
           God.
           So
           in
           the
           present
           Case
           ,
           when
           men
           are
           required
           by
           lawful
           Authority
           ,
           to
           do
           things
           which
           in
           themselves
           are
           lawful
           ,
           to
           testifie
           their
           union
           and
           conjunction
           with
           us
           in
           Religion
           ;
           their
           refusal
           in
           this
           Case
           is
           a
           special
           Act
           of
           Worship
           ;
           and
           being
           without
           Ground
           ,
           is
           nothing
           else
           but
           Superstition
           .
        
         
           2.
           
           When
           men
           value
           and
           esteem
           themselves
           as
           more
           holy
           and
           more
           in
           the
           favour
           of
           God
           on
           the
           account
           of
           such
           forbearance
           .
           As
           the
           Pharisees
           did
           on
           the
           account
           of
           their
           Traditions
           ,
           who
           believed
           that
           God
           had
           no
           such
           people
           upon
           Earth
           as
           they
           were
           ;
           and
           despised
           others
           who
           were
           far
           nearer
           to
           the
           Kingdom
           of
           God
           than
           themselves
           ,
           as
           mere
           Publicans
           and
           Sinners
           .
           And
           it
           is
           very
           natural
           to
           Mankind
           to
           set
           a
           great
           value
           upon
           themselves
           ,
           for
           the
           sake
           of
           their
           affected
           singularities
           in
           Religion
           ;
           and
           in
           a
           transport
           of
           pride
           and
           vanity
           ,
           to
           tell
           God
           himself
           ,
           as
           the
           Pharisee
           did
           ,
           
             That
             they
             are
             not
             like
             other
             Men
             :
          
           But
           this
           is
           a
           certain
           sign
           ,
           whatfoever
           they
           pretend
           ,
           that
           they
           look
           on
           the
           forbearance
           of
           the
           things
           which
           others
           
           do
           ,
           as
           a
           part
           of
           Holiness
           ;
           and
           if
           they
           do
           so
           ,
           it
           is
           undoubtedly
           Superstition
           .
           For
           ,
           on
           this
           ground
           we
           charge
           the
           Papists
           with
           Superstition
           in
           their
           Ceremonies
           ,
           because
           they
           place
           holiness
           in
           them
           .
           It
           is
           true
           ,
           they
           say
           they
           are
           the
           Instruments
           to
           convey
           some
           degrees
           of
           holiness
           to
           them
           ;
           but
           this
           makes
           no
           material
           difference
           ;
           for
           those
           who
           account
           themselves
           more
           in
           God's
           esteem
           for
           the
           sake
           of
           such
           things
           ,
           do
           attribute
           some
           real
           efficacy
           to
           such
           distinctive
           Characters
           of
           themselves
           ,
           as
           to
           the
           obtaining
           the
           favour
           of
           God.
           
        
         
           3.
           
           When
           they
           forbear
           necessary
           Duties
           of
           Religion
           rather
           than
           comply
           with
           others
           in
           lawful
           things
           ,
           as
           Communion
           with
           the
           Church
           they
           live
           in
           ,
           in
           Prayers
           and
           Sacraments
           :
           which
           cannot
           be
           denied
           to
           be
           necessary
           Duties
           ;
           but
           if
           men
           resolve
           rather
           to
           forbear
           these
           ,
           than
           to
           join
           in
           such
           Ceremonies
           and
           Prayers
           as
           do
           accompany
           the
           performance
           of
           them
           ,
           it
           is
           a
           sign
           they
           prefer
           the
           following
           their
           own
           imaginations
           before
           the
           joining
           in
           Communion
           with
           the
           Church
           in
           the
           most
           unquestionable
           Duties
           of
           Religion
           :
           As
           in
           the
           Case
           of
           the
           Encratitae
           of
           old
           ,
           who
           thought
           it
           unlawful
           to
           taste
           of
           Wine
           ;
           and
           therefore
           refused
           to
           communicate
           in
           the
           Eucharist
           ,
           unless
           they
           might
           have
           it
           in
           Water
           alone
           .
           Was
           not
           this
           a
           great
           Superstition
           in
           them
           ,
           rather
           to
           forbear
           communicating
           with
           the
           Church
           ,
           than
           not
           to
           observe
           their
           own
           fancies
           
           in
           what
           they
           thought
           most
           pleasing
           to
           God
           ,
           as
           to
           the
           manner
           of
           doing
           it
           ?
        
         
           Now
           to
           apply
           this
           to
           our
           own
           Case
           .
        
         
           We
           are
           often
           blamed
           for
           laying
           too
           great
           weight
           on
           the
           Ceremonies
           of
           this
           Church
           .
           But
           certainly
           ,
           never
           any
           Church
           laid
           less
           weight
           upon
           its
           own
           Orders
           ,
           supposing
           that
           it
           believes
           them
           to
           be
           just
           and
           reasonable
           .
           It
           places
           no
           holiness
           ,
           no
           merit
           ,
           no
           efficacy
           in
           them
           ,
           as
           to
           the
           obtaining
           the
           Grace
           and
           Favour
           of
           God
           :
           It
           expects
           obedience
           only
           for
           Order
           and
           Peace-sake
           ;
           It
           hath
           taken
           great
           care
           by
           Prefaces
           and
           Canons
           and
           Rubricks
           ,
           to
           prevent
           any
           misinterpretation
           of
           its
           intention
           and
           design
           .
        
         
           But
           on
           the
           other
           side
           ,
           those
           who
           dissent
           from
           us
           ,
           lay
           so
           great
           weight
           on
           their
           scruples
           ,
           that
           they
           will
           rather
           hazard
           breaking
           a
           Church
           in
           pieces
           ,
           ruining
           our
           Religion
           by
           our
           differences
           ,
           losing
           all
           the
           benefit
           of
           Communion
           with
           a
           Church
           ,
           whose
           Doctrine
           they
           approve
           in
           all
           the
           Duties
           of
           religious
           Worship
           ;
           than
           they
           will
           yield
           to
           the
           allowance
           of
           those
           circumstances
           of
           our
           Communion
           which
           our
           Church
           requires
           .
           And
           now
           on
           which
           side
           the
           charge
           of
           Superstition
           more
           justly
           lyes
           ,
           let
           all
           that
           are
           impartial
           judge
           .
        
         
           So
           much
           I
           thought
           necessary
           on
           this
           Occasion
           to
           speak
           ,
           in
           vindication
           of
           our
           Church
           from
           this
           common
           imputation
           of
           Superstition
           ,
           by
           those
           who
           so
           little
           understand
           what
           it
           means
           .
        
         
         
           Nothing
           now
           remains
           ,
           but
           to
           make
           Application
           of
           all
           to
           our selves
           .
           You
           see
           how
           much
           mischief
           
             the
             shew
             of
             Wisdom
          
           was
           like
           to
           do
           in
           the
           
             Apostolical
             Churches
          
           ;
           let
           us
           all
           have
           a
           care
           of
           being
           deceived
           by
           it
           .
           It
           was
           long
           since
           observed
           by
           
             Menander
             ,
             That
             things
             which
             were
             like
             Truth
             were
             more
             easily
             believed
             by
             the
             generality
          
           
           
             of
             Mankind
             ,
             than
             Truth
             it self
             .
          
           So
           I
           am
           afraid
           it
           is
           about
           Religion
           ,
           which
           is
           the
           
           Wisdomhere
           spoken
           of
           ,
           that
           which
           makes
           a
           great
           shew
           of
           it
           to
           the
           World
           ,
           is
           more
           apt
           to
           prevail
           among
           persons
           of
           weak
           and
           well
           disposed
           Minds
           than
           true
           Wisdom
           .
           For
           
             the
             shew
             of
             Wisdom
          
           strikes
           more
           upon
           the
           fancy
           and
           inclination
           of
           such
           Persons
           ,
           than
           sober
           ,
           calm
           and
           well-weighed
           Religion
           ;
           which
           seems
           dull
           and
           flat
           to
           those
           who
           have
           more
           warmth
           and
           zeal
           than
           judgment
           and
           discretion
           .
           And
           I
           do
           not
           at
           all
           question
           ,
           but
           many
           of
           the
           corruptions
           of
           the
           Christian
           Church
           came
           in
           ,
           from
           an
           apprehended
           necessity
           of
           complying
           with
           the
           heat
           of
           some
           over-zealous
           people
           ;
           who
           were
           not
           contented
           with
           the
           plain
           and
           excellent
           Religion
           of
           Jesus
           Christ
           ;
           but
           they
           must
           ,
           as
           they
           thought
           ,
           heighten
           and
           improve
           it
           ,
           till
           they
           had
           mixed
           with
           it
           the
           freaks
           of
           Enthusiasm
           ,
           or
           the
           dotages
           of
           Superstition
           .
        
         
           In
           the
           Church
           of
           Rome
           there
           is
           in
           many
           things
           a
           
             shew
             of
             Wisdom
          
           ,
           in
           
             Will-worship
             and
             Humility
             ,
             and
             neglecting
             
             the
             Body
          
           ;
           And
           in
           some
           of
           our
           Sects
           ,
           that
           seem
           to
           abhor
           Will-worship
           so
           much
           ,
           that
           for
           fear
           of
           it
           they
           will
           not
           give
           civil
           respect
           to
           men
           ;
           yet
           they
           pretend
           to
           
             shew
             of
             Wisdom
             in
             Humility
             and
             neglecting
             the
             Body
             ,
          
           but
           after
           a
           different
           manner
           :
           others
           have
           a
           
             shew
             of
             Wisdom
          
           too
           in
           a
           wonderful
           ,
           I
           had
           almost
           said
           ,
           superstitious
           zeal
           ,
           against
           what
           they
           call
           Will-worship
           and
           Superstition
           .
           But
           what
           is
           to
           be
           done
           in
           this
           Case
           ?
           How
           shall
           we
           avoid
           being
           led
           aside
           by
           such
           a
           
             shew
             of
             Wisdom
          
           ,
           on
           every
           side
           ?
           I
           shall
           only
           lay
           down
           some
           Directions
           ,
           and
           so
           conclude
           .
        
         
           (
           1.
           )
           Fix
           a
           true
           Notion
           of
           God
           and
           the
           Christian
           Religion
           in
           your
           minds
           .
           If
           you
           judge
           aright
           of
           the
           Divine
           Nature
           ,
           it
           will
           ease
           your
           minds
           of
           many
           uneasie
           thoughts
           ,
           troublesome
           fears
           and
           superstitious
           fancies
           .
           He
           is
           not
           capable
           of
           being
           flattered
           or
           deceived
           by
           us
           ;
           God
           is
           neither
           taken
           with
           outward
           appearances
           ,
           nor
           is
           he
           pleased
           with
           any
           thing
           we
           do
           ,
           merely
           because
           it
           is
           displeasing
           to
           our selves
           ,
           
             The
             righteous
             God
             loveth
             righteousness
          
           ;
           and
           he
           is
           pleased
           best
           with
           the
           innocency
           ,
           integrity
           and
           holiness
           of
           our
           hearts
           and
           lives
           .
           And
           for
           the
           Christian
           Religion
           ,
           take
           not
           your
           Notion
           of
           it
           from
           the
           different
           and
           uncertain
           opinions
           of
           Men
           ,
           but
           from
           the
           Doctrines
           of
           Christ
           and
           his
           Apostles
           .
           Men
           do
           not
           read
           the
           Scriptures
           as
           they
           ought
           to
           do
           ,
           with
           a
           design
           to
           know
           their
           Religion
           
           by
           them
           ;
           but
           to
           justifie
           what
           they
           take
           to
           be
           Religion
           from
           them
           .
           One
           would
           think
           it
           were
           impossible
           for
           any
           one
           that
           considered
           the
           sayings
           of
           Christ
           or
           his
           Apostles
           ,
           to
           place
           his
           Religion
           in
           being
           for
           or
           against
           any
           particular
           Modes
           or
           Ceremonies
           of
           Worship
           ;
           whereby
           he
           may
           so
           easily
           see
           that
           it
           lies
           chiefly
           in
           an
           excellent
           temper
           of
           mind
           ,
           holy
           ,
           spiritual
           ,
           humble
           ,
           calm
           ,
           peaceable
           ,
           charitable
           ,
           and
           a
           suitableness
           of
           action
           to
           this
           temper
           .
           This
           is
           so
           plain
           and
           easie
           to
           be
           understood
           ,
           that
           he
           must
           read
           the
           New
           Testament
           with
           a
           very
           ill
           mind
           ,
           that
           doth
           not
           find
           it
           out
           .
           And
           if
           you
           have
           settled
           this
           Notion
           of
           true
           Religion
           ,
           it
           will
           be
           a
           continual
           Touchstone
           about
           you
           to
           judge
           of
           all
           Pretenders
           .
        
         
           (
           2.
           )
           Set
           not
           an
           equal
           value
           on
           things
           that
           are
           good
           in
           order
           to
           other
           things
           ,
           that
           you
           do
           upon
           things
           that
           are
           good
           in
           themselves
           .
           For
           the
           one
           are
           but
           the
           Instruments
           of
           Religion
           ,
           the
           other
           are
           properly
           the
           Duties
           of
           it
           .
           
             He
             hath
             shewed
          
           
           
             thee
             ,
             O
             man
             ,
             what
             is
             good
             ,
          
           viz.
           
             to
             do
             justly
             ,
             and
             to
             love
             mercy
             ,
             and
             to
             walk
             humbly
             with
             thy
             God.
          
           And
           this
           was
           spoken
           when
           very
           costly
           Sacrifices
           were
           offered
           instead
           of
           it
           ;
           no
           less
           than
           thousands
           ,
           and
           ten
           thousands
           ;
           yea
           the
           first-born
           ,
           and
           the
           fruit
           of
           their
           Bodies
           .
           And
           therefore
           God
           sets
           a
           high
           value
           on
           these
           Duties
           ,
           and
           so
           ought
           we
           .
           No
           one
           that
           hath
           any
           sense
           of
           Religion
           can
           despise
           the
           immediate
           
           Duties
           of
           Divine
           Worship
           ;
           it
           being
           a
           good
           Saying
           of
           Pythagoras
           ,
           mention'd
           by
           Cicero
           and
           Plutarch
           ,
           that
           we
           are
           never
           better
           than
           when
           we
           approach
           
           to
           God
           ;
           or
           ,
           as
           Cicero
           expresses
           it
           ,
           when
           we
           do
           
             rebus
             Divinis
             operam
             dare
          
           ,
           are
           employed
           in
           the
           Duties
           of
           Divine
           Worship
           :
           But
           yet
           to
           do
           good
           is
           better
           than
           Sacrifice
           ,
           and
           to
           forgive
           an
           injury
           than
           the
           fat
           of
           Rams
           .
           It
           is
           a
           wise
           Observation
           
           of
           Maimonides
           ,
           That
           the
           intention
           of
           the
           Law
           of
           God
           is
           to
           keep
           men
           within
           the
           just
           Bounds
           of
           Vertue
           ;
           but
           when
           men
           found
           a
           stronger
           inclination
           to
           one
           extreme
           than
           to
           another
           ,
           they
           made
           use
           of
           remedies
           proper
           to
           reduce
           themselves
           from
           that
           extreme
           ,
           by
           great
           severities
           towards
           themselves
           ,
           by
           Watchings
           ,
           and
           extraordinary
           Fastings
           ,
           and
           other
           hardships
           :
           But
           when
           Fools
           saw
           Wise
           men
           do
           these
           things
           ,
           they
           imagined
           presently
           that
           there
           was
           an
           Excellency
           in
           the
           things
           themselves
           ,
           and
           that
           if
           they
           did
           the
           same
           things
           ,
           they
           should
           pass
           for
           very
           good
           men
           ,
           and
           be
           highly
           in
           the
           favour
           of
           God.
           Which
           ,
           saith
           he
           ,
           is
           just
           like
           an
           ignorant
           Fellow
           ,
           who
           observing
           the
           Physicians
           prescribing
           Physick
           to
           his
           Patients
           ,
           and
           forbidding
           eating
           to
           them
           ,
           and
           finding
           them
           to
           recover
           upon
           it
           ,
           should
           presently
           conclude
           ,
           that
           surely
           it
           is
           the
           best
           way
           to
           live
           upon
           Scammony
           and
           Aloes
           ,
           and
           such
           like
           ,
           and
           to
           keep
           himself
           with
           the
           same
           strictness
           that
           was
           prescribed
           to
           the
           Sick
           ;
           which
           
           instead
           of
           preventing
           a
           Disease
           ,
           would
           certainly
           bring
           one
           :
           so
           ,
           saith
           he
           ,
           do
           those
           who
           use
           the
           remedies
           of
           diseased
           minds
           in
           a
           state
           of
           health
           ,
           they
           spoil
           a
           good
           constitution
           of
           their
           souls
           ,
           and
           make
           it
           uneasie
           and
           troublesome
           .
        
         
           (
           3.
           )
           Judge
           of
           mens
           pretences
           ,
           not
           by
           their
           outward
           shew
           and
           appearance
           ,
           but
           by
           the
           Spirit
           and
           Temper
           that
           goes
           along
           with
           them
           .
           This
           was
           the
           course
           the
           Apostle
           here
           took
           ;
           he
           regarded
           not
           their
           shew
           of
           Wisdom
           and
           great
           appearance
           of
           Humility
           and
           Mortification
           ;
           but
           he
           pursued
           these
           things
           to
           their
           Fountain-Head
           ,
           and
           there
           he
           found
           nothing
           but
           
             spiritual
             pride
             ,
             and
             vanity
             of
             mind
             .
          
           We
           
           must
           not
           judge
           easily
           nor
           rashly
           concerning
           this
           ;
           but
           where
           the
           evidence
           is
           notorious
           ,
           we
           have
           great
           reason
           to
           sleight
           and
           contemn
           the
           most
           sanctimonious
           appearance
           ,
           
             i.
             e.
          
           if
           there
           be
           great
           uncharitableness
           and
           censoriousness
           towards
           all
           who
           do
           not
           comply
           with
           them
           ;
           great
           scorn
           and
           contempt
           of
           all
           other
           ways
           but
           their
           own
           ;
           great
           malice
           and
           spight
           against
           all
           who
           go
           about
           to
           oppose
           them
           ;
           where
           these
           are
           ,
           whether
           in
           the
           Church
           of
           Rome
           ,
           or
           elsewhere
           ,
           whatever
           
             the
             shew
             of
             wisdom
             be
          
           ,
           this
           
             wisdom
             descendeth
             not
             from
             above
             ,
             but
             is
             earthly
             ,
             sensual
             ,
          
           
           
             devilish
             .
             But
             the
             Wisdom
             that
             is
             from
             above
             ,
             is
             first
             pure
             ,
             then
             peaceable
             ,
             gentle
             ,
             and
             easie
             to
             be
             entreated
             ,
             full
             of
             mercy
             and
             good
             fruits
             ,
             without
             partiality
             ,
             and
             without
             hypocrisie
             .
          
        
         
           FINIS
           .
        
         
      
    
     
       
         Notes, typically marginal, from the original text
         
           Notes for div A61578-e160
           
             Coloss.
             2.
             1.
             
          
           
             Coloss.
             1.
             7.
             
          
           
             4.
             13.
             
          
           
             Philem.
             23.
             
          
           
             Coloss.
             2.
             2
             ,
             3.
             
          
           
             V.
             4.
             
          
           
             V.
             5.
             
          
           
             V.
             6.
             
          
           
             V.
             8.
             
          
           
             
               A.
               D.
            
             60.
             n.
             17.
             
             
               Christian.
               Lup.
               in
               Tertul
               .
               de
               praescript
               .
               c.
            
             33.
             
             
               Nat.
               Alex.
               Saec.
            
             1.
             p.
             52.
             
             
               Tertull.
               de
               praescript
               .
               c.
            
             33.
             
             
               Epiph.
               haer
            
             .
             21.
             p.
             58.
             
          
           
             
               Bar.
               ib.
               n.
            
             20.
             
          
           
             n.
             16.
             
          
           
             
               Bell.
               de
               S.
               B.
               c.
            
             20.
             
          
           
             Jansen
             .
             Preface
             Ep.
             Aux
             .
             Coloss.
             
          
           
             
               Chrys.
               in
               l.
               Hier.
               Algas
               .
               q.
            
             10.
             
          
           
             
               Epiph.
               Haer.
            
             23.
             p.
             63.
             
          
           
             Haer.
             30.
             p.
             139.
             
          
           
             
               Epiph.
               haer
            
             .
             47.
             p.
             339.
             
          
           
             
               Philo
               p.
            
             876.
             
          
           
             
               Epiph.
               p.
            
             42.
             
          
           
             V.
             16.
             
          
           
             
               Philo
               p.
            
             877
             ,
             899.
             
          
           
             Plato
             Sym.
             
          
           
             
               Xen.
               Cyr.
               Paed.
            
             2.
             
          
           
             
               Aug.
               Ep.
            
             59.
             
          
           
             
               A.
               G●ll.
               l.
            
             4.
             c.
             9.
             
          
           
             V.
             19.
             
          
           
             Matt.
             12.
             19.
             
          
           
             Matt.
             9.
             12
             ,
             13.
             
          
           
             V.
             20.
             
          
           
             V.
             18.
             
          
           
             V.
             22.
             
             
               Vid.
               Theod.
               Theophyl
            
             .
          
           
             Matt.
             15.
             11.
             17.
             
          
           
             Rom.
             14.
             17
             ,
             18.
             
          
           
             
               Aug.
               c.
               Faust.
               l.
            
             30.
             c.
             6.
             
          
           
             
               Tert.
               de
               Jej.
               c.
            
             15.
             
          
           
             
               Iren.
               l.
            
             1.
             c.
             26.
             
          
           
             
               Epiph.
               haer
            
             .
             30.
             p.
             139.
             
          
           
             Aq.
             2.
             2.
             q.
             92.
             
          
           
             
               Tan.
               Fabr.
               Not.
               p.
            
             294.
             
          
           
             
               Leviath
               .
               ch
            
             .
             6.
             ch
             .
             11.
             
          
           
             
               Mich.
               Nau.
               Eccl.
               Graec.
               Effig
               .
               p.
            
             260.
             
             
               Bas.
               hom
               .
               de
               jejun
               .
               Chris.
               hom
               .
            
             6.
             
               ad
               Pop.
               Antioch
            
             .
          
           
             *
             
               V.
               Job
               .
               Ludolph
               .
               Hist.
               AEthipic
               .
               l.
            
             3.
             c.
             6.
             n.
             8●
             .
             
               Thom.
               à
               Jesu
               de
               Convers.
               omnium
               Gent.
               l.
            
             7.
             c.
             18.
             
             
               Cotovic
               .
               Itiner
               .
               Hierosolymit
               .
               &
               Syriac
               .
               p.
            
             207.
             
             
               Franc.
               Quaresm
               .
               Elucid
               .
               Terrae
               Sanctae
               l.
            
             1.
             c.
             53
             ,
             54
             ,
             55
             ,
             56
             ,
             57
             ,
             58.
             
             
               Eustrat
               .
               Zialouski
               de
               Eccles.
               Orient
               .
               Graec.
               p.
            
             39.
             
             
               Metroph
               .
               Critopul
               .
               c.
            
             18.
             
             
               Haud
               scio
               ,
               inquit
               Methodius
               Graecus
               (
               apud
               Mich.
               Nau.
               in
               Eccles.
               Graecae
               effigie
               Dial.
            
             13
             )
             
               unde
               factum
               sit
               ut
               vos
               Latini
               a
               reliquis
               Christianorum
               Nationibus
               ,
               sic
               in
               jejunando
               recesseritis
               ,
               ut
               nulla
               vobis
               nè
               Maronitana
               quidem
               ,
               quae
               tota
               vestra
               est
               ,
               consentiat
               .
               Jejunatis
               sabbato
               ,
               feriâ
            
             4.
             
             
               Non
               abstinetis
               ab
               esu
               Carnium
               ;
               pisces
               ,
               &
               quibusdam
               in
               locis
               ,
               lacticinia
               ,
               quadragesimali
               tempore
               comeditis
               ,
               solvitis
               meridie
               jejunium
               ,
            
             &c.
             
          
           
             
               De
               Jei.
               c.
            
             2.
             
          
           
             Prudent
             .
             1.
             
             
               Cath.
               hymn
               .
               post
               jejun
               .
               V.
               Tert.
               de
               jejun
               .
               c.
            
             2.
             13.
             
             
               Hier.
               ep
            
             .
             54.
             
               ad
               Marcel
               .
               Aug.
               c.
               Faust.
               Manich.
               l.
            
             30.
             c.
             5.
             
               ad
               Casul
               .
               Ep.
            
             86.
             
             
               Epiph.
               in
               Expos.
               fidei
               Cath.
               n.
            
             23.
             
             
               Socr.
               l.
            
             5.
             c.
             22.
             
             
               Victor
               .
               Antioch
               .
               in
               Marc.
            
             2.
             
             
               Cassian
               .
               Coll.
            
             21.
             c.
             30.
             
          
           
             
               Voss.
               Etym.
               Cic.
               l.
            
             1.
             
               de
               N.
               D.
            
             
          
           
             Fest
             v.
             Religios
             .
          
           
             Aq.
             2.
             2.
             q.
             92.
             
             Art.
             2.
             q.
             98.
             
             Art.
             3.
             
          
           
             
               Suarez
               de
               Rel.
               tr
            
             .
             3.
             l.
             2.
             c.
             1.
             
          
           
             Matt.
             12.
             10.
             12.
             
          
           
             
               Fresh
               Suit
               ,
               p.
            
             101.
             
          
           
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             Men.
             
          
           
             Mic.
             6.
             8.
             
          
           
             
               Plutarch
               de
               Superst
               .
               Cic.
               de
               Legib
               .
               l.
            
             2.
             c.
             9.
             
          
           
             
               Porta
               Mosis
               p.
            
             201.
             
          
           
             Ver.
             18.
             
          
           
             Jam.
             3.
             15.
             
             Ver.
             17.