A sermon preached before the King, January 30, 1668/9, being the day of the execrable murther of King Charles I by Edward Stillingfleet ... Stillingfleet, Edward, 1635-1699. 1669 Approx. 60 KB of XML-encoded text transcribed from 23 1-bit group-IV TIFF page images. Text Creation Partnership, Ann Arbor, MI ; Oxford (UK) : 2004-08 (EEBO-TCP Phase 1). A61604 Wing S5642 ESTC R8100 13725707 ocm 13725707 101596 This keyboarded and encoded edition of the work described above is co-owned by the institutions providing financial support to the Early English Books Online Text Creation Partnership. This Phase I text is available for reuse, according to the terms of Creative Commons 0 1.0 Universal . The text can be copied, modified, distributed and performed, even for commercial purposes, all without asking permission. Early English books online. (EEBO-TCP ; phase 1, no. A61604) Transcribed from: (Early English Books Online ; image set 101596) Images scanned from microfilm: (Early English books, 1641-1700 ; 852:4) A sermon preached before the King, January 30, 1668/9, being the day of the execrable murther of King Charles I by Edward Stillingfleet ... Stillingfleet, Edward, 1635-1699. [2], 42 p. Printed by Robert White for Henry Mortlock ad are to he sold at his shop ..., London : 1669. "Printed by His Majesties special command." Reproduction of original in Duke University Library. Created by converting TCP files to TEI P5 using tcp2tei.xsl, TEI @ Oxford. Re-processed by University of Nebraska-Lincoln and Northwestern, with changes to facilitate morpho-syntactic tagging. Gap elements of known extent have been transformed into placeholder characters or elements to simplify the filling in of gaps by user contributors. 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Copies of the texts have been issued variously as SGML (TCP schema; ASCII text with mnemonic sdata character entities); displayable XML (TCP schema; characters represented either as UTF-8 Unicode or text strings within braces); or lossless XML (TEI P5, characters represented either as UTF-8 Unicode or TEI g elements). Keying and markup guidelines are available at the Text Creation Partnership web site . eng Charles -- I, -- King of England, 1600-1649 -- Sermons. 2004-02 TCP Assigned for keying and markup 2004-03 Apex CoVantage Keyed and coded from ProQuest page images 2004-04 John Latta Sampled and proofread 2004-04 John Latta Text and markup reviewed and edited 2004-07 pfs Batch review (QC) and XML conversion A SERMON Preached before the KING , JANUARY 30. 1668 / 9 Being the day of the Execrable Murther OF King Charles I. By Edward Stillingfleet D. D. Rector of St. Andrews Holborn , and Chaplain in Ordinary to His Majesty . Printed by His Majesties special Command . LONDON , Printed by Robert White , for Henry Mortlock , and are to be sold at his Shop at the Sign of the White-Hart in Westminster Hall. 1669. JUDE V. II. And perished in the gainsaying of Corah . AMong all the dismal consequences of that fatal day wherein the Honour of our Nation suffered together with our Martyr'd Soveraign , there is none which in this Place we ought to be more concerned for , than the Dishonour which was done to Religion by it . For if those things which were then acted among us , had been done among the most rude and barbarous Nations , though that had been enough to have made them for ever thought so ; yet they might have been imputed to their ignorance in matters of Civility and Religion : but when they were committed not only by men who were called Christians , but under a pretence of a mighty zeal for their Religion too , men will either think that Religion bad which did give encouragement to such actions , or those persons extremely wicked , who could make use of a pretence of it for things so contrary to its nature and design . And on which of these two the blame will fall , may be soon discovered , when we consider that the Christian Religion , above all others , hath taken care to preserve the Rights of Soveraignty , by giving unto Caesar the things that are Caesars , and to make resistance unlawful by declaring that those who are guilty of it shall receive to themselves damnation . But as though bare resistance had been too mean and low a thing for them ( notwithstanding what Christ and his Apostles had said ) to shew themselves to be Christians of a higher rank than others ; they imbrue their hands in the blood of their Soveraign for a demonstration of their Piety , by the same figure by which they had destroyed mens Rights to defend their Liberties , and fought against the King for preservation of his Person . But the actions of such men could not have been so bad as they were ; unless their pretences had been so great , for there can be no higher aggravation of a wicked action , than for men to seem to be Religious in the doing of it . If the Devil himself were to preach sedition to the world , he would never appear otherwise than as an Angel of Light : his pretence would be Unity , when he designed the greatest Divisions ; and the preservation of Authority , when he laid the seeds of Rebellion . But we might as well imagine that the God of this world ( as the Devil is sometime called ) should advance nothing but Peace and Holiness in it , as that Christianity should give the least countenance to what is contrary to either of them . Yet the wickedness of men hath been so great upon earth , as to call down Heaven it self to justifie their impieties ; and when they have found themselves unable to bear the burden of them , they would fain make Religion do it . Such as these we have a description of in this short , but smart Epistle , viz. men who pretended inspirations and impulses for the greatest villanies ; who believed it a part of their Saintship to despise Dominions , and speak evil of Dignities ; who thought the Grace of God signified very little , unless it served to justifie their most wicked actions . These in all probability were the followers of Simon Magus the Leviathan of the Primitive Church , a who destroyed all the natural differences of good and evil , b and made it lawful for men in case of persecution , to forswear their Religion . c The great part of his Doctrine being that his Disciples need not be afraid of the terrours of the Law , for they were free to do what they pleased themselves , because Salvation was not to be expected by good works , but only by the Grace of God : No wonder then , that such as these did turn the Grace of God into lasciviousness : And when it proved dangerous not to do it , would deny their Religion to save themselves . For they had so high opinions of themselves , that they were the only Saints , that as d Epiphanius tells us , they thought it the casting Pearls before Swine , to expose themselves to danger before the Heathen Governours ; by which they not only discovered what a mighty value they set upon themselves , but what mean and contemptible thoughts they had of that Authority which God had established in the world . But this they would by no means allow , for they thought all the Governments of the world to be nothing else e but the contrivance of some evil spirits to abridge men of that liberty which God and nature had given them : And this is that speaking evil of Dignities which they are charged with , not only by our Apostle here , but by S. Peter before him . Although the phrase used by S. Peter , 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 may be taken ( by the use of the word 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in the first of Maceabees ) not for the bare contempt of Authority , expressed by reviling language , but for an open resistance of it ; which the other is so natural an introduction to , that those who think and speak contemptibly of Government , do but want an occasion to manifest that their actions would be as bad as their thoughts and expressions are . And from hence 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 here in the words of the Text is made use of to express one of the most remarkable seditions we ever read of , viz. that of Corah and his Company against Moses and Aaron ; whose punishment for it did not deter these persons who went under the name of Christians , from joyning in seditious practices to the great dishonour of Christianity , and their own ruine . For therefore the Apostle denounces a Woe against them in the beginning of the verse , and speaks of their ruine as certain as if they had been consumed by fire , or swallowed up by the earth , as Corah and his accomplices were ; And they perished in the gainsaying of Corah . In the verb 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , the Aorist , saith Crotius , is taken for the future , or present , and so implying that these courses did tend to their misery and ruine , and would unavoidably bring it upon them . If the evidence in history had been clear of the Carpocratians joyning with the Jews in the famous rebellion of Barchochebas , wherein such multitudes of Christians as well as Heathens were destroyed in Africa , AEgypt , and other places , and the time of it had agreed with the time of writing this Epistle , I should then have thought that this had been the Rebellion here spoken of ; for all the Actors in it were destroyed by the Roman Power , and some of the chief of them made publick examples of Justice for the deterring of others from the like practices . But however this be , we find these persons here charged with a sin of the same nature , with the gainsaying of Core , and a judgement of the same nature , as the consequent of the sin ; for they perished in the gainsaying , &c. And therefore we shall consider the words , 1. As relating to the fact of Corah and his company . 2. As implying as great displeasure of God under the Gospel against the same kind of sin , as he discovered in the immediate destruction of those persons who were then guilty of it . 1. As relating to the fact of Corah and his company ; and so the words lead us to the handling , 1. The nature of the Faction which was raised by them . 2. The Judgement that was inflicted upon them for it . 1. For understanding the nature of the Faction , we must enquire into the design that was laid , the persons who were engaged in it , the pretences that were made use of for it . 1. The design that was laid for that , and all other circumstances of the story , we must have resort to the account that is given of it , Numb . 16. Where we shall find that the bottom of the design was the sharing of the Government among themselves , which it was impossible for them to hope for , as long as Moses continued as a King in Jesurun , for so he is called , Deut. 33. 5. Him therefore they intend to lay aside , but this they knew to be a very difficult task , considering what wonders God had wrought by him in their deliverance out of Egypt , what wisdom he had hitherto shewed in the conduct of them , what care for their preservation , what integrity in the management of his power , what reverence the people did bear towards him , and what solemn vows and promises they had made of obedience to him . But ambitious and factious men are never discouraged by such an appearance of difficulties ; for they know they must address themselves to the people , and in the first place perswade them that they manage their interest against the usurpation of their Governours . For by that means they gain upon the peoples affections , who are ready to cry them up presently as the true Patriots and defenders of their Liberties against the encroachment of Princes : and when they have thus insinuated themselves into the good opinion of the people ; groundless suspicions , and unreasonable fears and jealousies will pass for arguments and demonstrations . Then they who can invent the most popular lyes against the Government are accounted the men of integrity , and they who most diligently spread the most infamous reports , are the men of honesty , because they are farthest from being Flatterers of the Court. The people take a strange pride , as well as pleasure , in hearing and telling all the faults of their Governours for in doing so they flatter themselves in thinking they deserve to rule much better than those which do it . And the willingness they have to think so of themselves , makes them misconstrue all the actions of their Superiours to the worse sense , and then they find out plots in every thing , upon the people . What ever is done for the necessary maintenance of Government , is suspected to be a design meerly to exhaust the people to make them more unable to resist . If good Laws be made , these are said by factious men to be only intended for snares for the good people , but others may break them and go unpunished . If Government be strict and severe , then it is cruel and tyrannical , if mild and indulgent , then it is remiss and negligent . If Laws be executed , then the peoples Liberties be oppressed ; if not , then it were better not to make Laws , than not to see them executed . If there be Wars , the people are undone by Taxes ; if there be Peace , they are undone by Plenty . If extraordinary Judgements befall them , then they lament the sins of their Governours , and of the Times , and scarce think of their own . If miscarriages happen ( as it is impossible alwaies to prevent them ) they charge the form of Government with them , which all sorts are subject to . Nay , it is seldom that Governours escape with their own faults , the peoples are often laid upon them too . So here , Numb . 16. 14. Moses is charged with not carrying them into Canaan , when it was their own sins which kept them thence . Yea , so partial have the people generally been against their Rulers , when swayed by the power of Faction , that this hath made Government very difficult and unpleasing ; for what ever the actions of Princes are , they are liable to the censures of the people . Their bad actions being more publick , and their good therefore suspected of design ; and the wiser Governours are , the more jealous the people are of them . For alwaies the weakest part of mankind are the most suspicious ; the less they understand things , the more designs they imagine are laid for them , and the best counsels are the soonest rejected by them . So that the wisest Government can never be secure from the jealousies of the people , and they that will raise a faction against it will never want a party to side with them . For when could we ever have imagined a Government more likely to be free from this , than that which Moses had over the people of Israel ? He being an extraordinary person for all the abilities of Government ; one bred up in the Egyptian Court , and in no mean degree of honour , being called the Son of Pharaohs Daughter , one of great experience in the management of affairs , of great zeal for the good of his Countrey , as appeared by the tenderness of his peoples interest in their deliverance out of Egypt ; one of great temper and meekness above all the men of the earth ; one who took all imaginable care for the good establishment of Laws among them ; but above all these , one particularly chosen by God for this end , and therefore furnished with all the requisites of a good man , and an excellent Prince : Yet for all these things a dangerous sedition is here raised against him , and that upon the common grounds of such things , viz. usurpation upon the peoples rights , arbitrary Government , and ill management of affairs ; Usurpation upon the peoples rights , v. 4. the Faction makes a Remonstrance asserting the priviledges of the people against Moses and Aaron , Ye take too much upon you , seeing all the Congregation are holy every one of them , and the Lord is among them ; Wherefore then lift you up your selves above the Congregation of the Lord : As though they had said , we appear only in behalf of the Fundamental Liberties of the people both Civil and Spiritual ; we only seek to retrench the exorbitances of power , and some late innovations which have been among us ; if you are content to lay aside your power which is so dangerous and offensive to Gods holy people , we shall then sit down in quietness ; for alas it is not for our selves that we seek these things ( what are we ? ) but the cause of Gods people is dearer to us than our lives , and we shall willingly sacrifice them in so good a Cause . And when Moses afterwards sends for the Sons of Eliab to come to him , they peremptorily refuse all Messages of Peace , and with their men of the sword mentioned , v. 2. They make votes of non-Addresses , and break off all Treaties with him , and declare these for their reasons , that he did dominando dominari , as some render it , exercise an arbitrary and tyrannical power over the people , that he was guilty of breach of the trust committed to him , for he promised to bring them into a Land flowing with Milk and Honey , or give them inheritance of fields and vineyards , but he had not done it , and instead of that only , deceives the people still with fair promises , and so puts out their eyes that they cannot see into the depth of his designs . So that now by the ill management of his Trust , the power was again devolved into the hands of the people , and they ought to take account of his actions . By which we see the design was under very fair and popular pretences to devest Moses of his Government , and then they doubted not but such zealous Patriots as they had shewed themselves , should come to have the greatest share in it ; but this which they most aimed at , must appear least in view , and only Necessity and Providence must seem to cast that upon them , which was the first true motive they had to rebel against Moses and Aaron . 2. The Persons who were engaged in it . At first they were only some discontented Levites who murmured against Moses and Aaron , because they were not preferred to the Priesthood , and of these Corah was the chief . R. Solomon observes , that the reason of Corahs discontent , was , that Elizaphan the Son of Vzziel , of the younger house to Izhar from whom Corah descended , was preferred before him by Moses to be Prince over the Sons of Kohath . Corah being active and busie in his discontents , had the opportunity of drawing in some of the Sons of Reuben , for they pitched their tents near each other , both on the South-side of the Tabernacle of the Congregation ; and these were discontented on the account of their Tribe having lost the priviledge of Primogeniture . Thus what ever the pretences are , how fair and popular soever in the opposition men make to Authority , ambition and private discontents are the true beginners of them : but these must be covered over with the deepest dissimulation , with most vehement Protestations to the contrary , nothing must be talked of but a mighty zeal for Religion , and the publick Interest . So Josephus tells us concerning Corah , that while he carried on his own ambitious designs , with all the arts of sedition and a popular eloquence , insinuating into the peoples minds strange suggestions against Moses his Government , as being a meer politick design of his to enslave the people of God , and advance his own family and interest , 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , he would seem to regard nothing but the publick good . If fair pretences , and glorious titles will serve to cheat the people into their own miseries , and the sad effects of Rebellion ; they shall never want those who will enslave them for the sake of Liberty , undo them for the publick good , and destroy them with designs of Reformation . For nothing is more popular than Rebellion in the beginning ; nothing less in the issue of it . And the only true reason that it is ever so , is from the want of wisdom and judgement in the generality of mankind , who seldom see to the end of things , and hardly distinguish between the names and nature of them , till their own dear bought experience hath taught them the difference . Sedition is of the nature , and hath the inseparable properties of Sin ; for it is conceived with pleasure , brought forth with pain , and ends in death and misery . Nothing enters upon the stage with a braver shew and appearance , but however prosperous for a time it may continue , it commonly meets with a fatal end . But it is with this sin as to this world , as it is with others as to the next ; men when they are betrayed into them , are carried away and transported with the pleasing temptations , not considering the unspeakable misery that follows after them . So that what the Devils advantage is in order to the ruine of mens souls , is the advantage of seditious persons over the less understanding people ; they both tempt with an appearance of good , and equally deceive them which hearken to them . But as we still find , that notwithstanding all the grave admonitions , the sober counsels , the rational discourses , the perswasive arguments which are used to deter men from the practice of sin , they will still be such Fools to yield to the Devils temptations against their own welfare : So , neither the blessings of a continued Peace , nor the miseries of an intestine War , neither the security of a settled Government , nor the constant danger of Innovations will hinder men of fiery and restless spirits from raising combustions in a Nation , though themselves perish in the Flames of them . This we find here was the case of Corah and his company ; they had forgotten the groans of their captivity in Egypt , and the miracles of their deliverance out of it , and all the faithful services of Moses , and Aaron ; they considered not the difficulties of Government , nor the impossibility of satisfying the ambitious desires of all pretenders ; they regarded not that God from whom their power was derived , nor the account they must give to him for their resistance of it : nothing but a full Revenge upon the Government can satisfie them , by leaving no means unattempted for its overthrow , though themselves be consumed by the fall of it . It were happy for Government if these turbulent spirits could be singled out from the rest in their first attempts ; but that is the usual subtilty of such men , when they find themselves aimed at , they run into the common herd , and perswade the people that they are equally concerned with themfelves in the present danger , that though the pretence be only against faction and sedition , the design is the slavery and oppression of the People . This they manage at first by grave nods , and secret whispers , by deep sighs , and extatick motions , by far fetched discourses , and Tragical stories , till they find the people capable of receiving their impressions , and then seem most unwilling to mention that which it was at first their design to discover . By such arts as these Corah had prepared , as Josephus tells us , almost the whole Camp of Israel for a popular tumult , so that they were like to have stoned Moses before he was aware of it ; and it seems the Faction had gained a mighty interest among the people , when although God so severely and remarkably punished the heads of it , yet the very next day all the Congregation of the Children of Israel murmured against Moses and Aaron , saying , Ye have killed the people of the Lord. What a mark of Gods people was sedition grown among them ! When these men were accounted Saints in spight of Heaven , and Martyrs , though God himself destroyed them . They were men who were only sanctified by Rebellion : and shewed no other fruits of their piety but disobedience to Authority . But the danger had not been so great , how loud soever the complaints had been , if only the ruder multitude had been gained to the Favour of Corah and his party : For these wanted heads to manage them , and some Countenance of Authority to appear under ; and for this purpose they had drawn to their Faction 250 Princes of the Assembly , famous in the Congregation , men of Renown , i. e. Members ofthe of the great Council of the Nation . Whom Moses was wont to call and advise with about the publick Affairs of it ; such who sate in Comitiis Senatorum , as Paul. Fagius tells us , therefore said to be 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 such as were called to the great Assembly which sate in Parliament at the door of the Tabernacle of the Congregation , which was the place where they met together . These were the Heads of the Tribes , and the Captains of thousands , and the men of the greatest Fame and Authority among the People whom Moses assembled together for advice and counsel , as often as he saw just occasion for it . And as far as I can find were distinct from the great Sanhedrin , which seemed to be rather a constant Court of Judicature which sate to receive Appeals from Inferiour Courts , and to determine such difficult causes which were reserved peculiarly for it , as about the Apostasy of a whole Tribe , the case of false Prophets , and the like . But these 250 men did far exceed the whole number of the Sanhedrin ; and the Heads of the Tribes , and the Elders of Israel were summoned together upon any very weighty occasion , by Moses both before and after the institution of the Sanhedrin . And now since the Faction had gained so great strength by the accession of so great a number of the most leading men among the People , we may expect they should soon declare their intentions , and publish the grounds of their entring into such a combination against Moses . 3. Which is the next thing to be spoken to ; viz. the colours and pretences under which these persons sought to justifie the proceedings of the Faction . Which were these two , 1. The asserting the Rights and Liberties of the people in opposition to the Government of Moses . 2. The freeing themselves from the encroachments upon their spiritual Priviledges , which were made by the Vsurpations of Aaron and the Priesthood . 1. The asserting the Rights and Liberties of the people in opposition to the Government of Moses . Is it a small thing , say they , that thou hast brought us up out of a Land that floweth with Milk and Honey , to kill us in the wilderness , except thou make thy self altogether a Prince over us ? And before , their charge was , that Moses and Aaron took too much upon them , in lifting up themselves above the Congregation of the Lord. Which Josephus more at large explains , telling us that the great accusation of Moses was , that out of his ambition and affectation of Power , he had taken upon himself the Government of the people without their consent , that he made use of his pretence of Familiarity with God only for a Politick end , that by this means he debarred the people of that Liberty which God had given them , and no man ought to take from them , that they were all a Free-born people , and equally the Children of Abraham , and therefore there was no reason they should depend upon the will of a single Person , who by his Politick Arts had brought them to the greatest necessities , that he might rule them the better ; Wherefore Corah , as though he had been already President of a High-Court of Justice upon Moses their King , determines , that it was necessary for the Common-wealth , that such enemies to the Publick Interest should be discovered and punished ; lest if they be let alone in their Usurpations of Power , they declare themselves open enemies when it will be too late to oppose them . There were then two great Principles among them by which they thought to defend themselves . 1. That Liberty and a right to Power is so inherent in the People , that it cannot be taken from them . 2. That in case of Usurpation upon that Liberty of the people , they may resume the exercise of Power , by punishing those who are guilty of it . 1. That Liberty , and a right to Power , is inseparable from the people ; libertatis patrocinium suscipiunt , saith Calvin , upon Corah and his company ; and I believe they will be found to be the first assertors of this kind of Liberty that ever were in the world . And happy had it been for us in this Nation , if Corah had never found any Disciples in it . For what a blessed Liberty was this which Corah aimed at , viz. to change one excellent Prince , as Moses was , for 250 Tyrants , besides Corah and the Sons of Reuben ? What just and equal liberty was it which Moses did deprive them of ? It was only the Liberty of destroying themselves , which all the power he had could hardly keep them from . Could there be any greater Liberty than delivering them out of the house of bondage ? and was not Moses the great Instrument in effecting it ? Could there be greater Liberty than for their whole Nation to be preserved from all the designs of their enemies , to enjoy their own Laws , and matters of Justice to be duly administred among them ? and had they not all these under the Government of Moses ? What means then this out-cry for Liberty ? Is it that they would have had no Government at all among them , but that every one might have done what he pleased himself ? This indeed were a desirable Liberty , if a man could have it alone : but when every one thinks that he is but one , though he be free ; and every one else is as free as he , but though their freedom be equal to his , his Power is not equal to theirs ; and therefore to bring things to a more just proportion , every one must part with some power for a great deal of security . If any man can imagine himself in such a state of confusion , which some improperly call a state of nature ; let him consider , whether the contentment he could take in his own liberty and power to defend himself , would ballance the fears he would have of the injury which others in the same state might be able to do him . Not that I think meer fear made men at first enter into Societies , for there is a natural inclination in mankind to it , and one of the greatest pleasures of humane life lyes in the enjoyment of it . But what other considerations incline men to , fear makes reasonable , though men part with some supposed liberty for the enjoyment of it . So that the utmost liberty is destroyed by the very nature of Govermment , and nothing can be more unreasonable than for men to quarrel with Government for that , which they cannot enjoy and the preservation of themselves together . Which alone makes the desire of Power reasonable , and if the preservation of our selves in our rights and properties may be had without it , all that the want of Liberty signifies , is , that men have all the conveniences of Power without the trouble and the cares of it . And if this be not a more desirable Liberty than the other , let any rational man judge . The pretence of Liberty then in this sense against Government , is , that men are Fools in taking the best care to preserve themselves , that Laws are but instruments of Slavery , and every single man is better able to defend himself , than the united strength of a people in Society is to defend him . And this kind of Liberty we may justly think will be desired by none but mad-men , and beasts of prey . It follows then , that what Liberty is inconsistent with all Government , must never be pleaded against any one sort of it . But is there then so great a degree of Liberty in one mode of Government more than another , that it should be thought reasonable to disturb Government , meerly to alter the form of it ? Would it have been so much better for the people of Israel to have been governed by the 250 men here mentioned , than by Moses ? Would not they have required the same subjection and obedience to themselves , though their commands had been much more unreasonable than his ? What security can there be that every one of these shall not be worse in all respects than him whom they were so wiling to lay aside ; and if one be thought troublesome , what Liberty and ease is there when their name is Legion ? So that the folly of these popular pretences is as great as the sin in being perswaded by them . And it may be they have not thought amiss who have attributed a great part of that disturbance of the Peace of Kingdoms , under a pretence of popular Government , to an unjust admiration of those Greek and Roman Writers , who have unreasonably set up Liberty in opposition to Monarchy . But some of the wisest of them have given us a truer account of these things , and have told us , that it was impossible the Roman State could have been preserved longer , unless it had submitted to an Imperial Power ; For the popular heats and factions were so great , that the annual election of Magistrates , was but another name for a tumult ; and as Dio goes on , the name of popular Government is far more plausible , but the benefits of Monarchy are far greater ; it being much easier to find one good than many ; and though one be accounted difficult , the other is almost impossible . And as he elsewhere well observes , the flourishing of a Common-wealth depends upon its poverty ; that being alone able to unite the minds of the Governours , who in a plentiful state , not set about with enemies , will be grasping at their own private interests , and fall naturally from thence into divisions and animosities ; but the flourishing of the Monarchy lyes in the riches of it , the Prince and the People having the same interest , and being rich or poor together . So that we see the notion of Liberty , and exercise of power in Government , is so far from being an inseparable property of the people , that the proper notion of it is inconsistent with Government and that which lyes in the enjoyments of our Rights and Properties , is so far from being inconsistent with Monarchy , that they are more advanced by that , than by any other way of Government . 2. Another principle which tends to the subverting Government under a pretence of Liberty , is , that in case of Usurpation upon the Rights of the People , they may resume the exercise of Power , and punish the Supreme Magistrate himself , if he be guilty of it . Then which there can be no principle imagined more destructive to civil Societies , and repugnant to the very nature of Government . For it destroys all the obligations of Oaths and Compacts , it makes the solemnest bonds of obedience signifie nothing , when the people shall think fit to declare it : it makes every prosperous Rebellion just ; for no doubt when the power is in the Rebels hands , they will justifie themselves , and condemn their Soveraign . ( And if Corah , Dathan and Abiram had succeeded in their Rebellion against Moses , no doubt they would have been called the Keepers of the Liherties of Israel . ) It makes all Government dangerous to the persons in whom it is , considering the unavoidable infirmities of it , and the readiness of people to misconstrue the actions of their Princes , and their incapacity to judge of them ; it not being fit that the reasons of all counsels of Princes should be divulged by Proclamations . So that there can be nothing wanting to make Princes miserable , but that the people want Power to make them so . And the supposition of this principle will unavoidably keep up a constant jealousie between the Prince and his people : for if he knows their minds , he will think it reasonable to secure himself by all means against their Power , and endeavour to keep them as unable to resist as may be : whereby all mutual confidence between a Prince and his People will be destroyed : and there can be no such way to bring in an arbitrary Government into a Nation , as that which such men pretend , to be the only means to keep it out . Besides , this must necessarily engage a Nation in endless disputes about the forfeiture of Power into whose hands it falls : whether into the people in common , or some persons particularly chosen by the people for that purpose : for in an established Government according to their principles , the King himself is the true representative of the people ; others may be chosen for some particular purposes , as proposing Laws , &c. but these cannot pretend by vertue of that choice , to have the full power of the people ; and withall , whatever they do against the consent of the people is unlawful ; and their power is forfeited by attempting it . But on the other side , what mighty danger can there be in supposing the persons of Princes to be so sacred , that no sons of violence ought to come near to hurt them ? Have not all the ancient Kingdoms and Empires of the world flourished under the supposition of an unaccountable power in Princes ? That hath been thought by those who did not own a derivation of their power from God , but a just security to their persons , considering the hazards , and the care of Government which they undergo ? Have not the people who have been most jealous of their Liberties , been fain to have recourse to an unaccountable power , as their last refuge in case of their greatest necessities ? I mean the Romans in their Dictators . And if it were thought not only reasonable , but necessary then , ought it not to be preserved inviolable , where the same Laws do give it by which men have any right to challenge any power at all ? Neither doth this give Princes the liberty to do what they list ; for the Laws by which they Govern , do fence in the rights and properties of men ; and Princes do find so great conveniency ease and security in their Government by Law , that the sense of that will keep them far better within the compass of Laws , than the Peoples holding a Rod over them , which the best Princes are like to suffer the most by , and bad will but grow desperate by it . Good Princes will never need such a curb , because their oaths and promises , their love and tenderness towards their people , the sense they have of a Power infinitely greater than theirs , to which they must give an account of all their actions , will make them govern as the Fathers of their Countrey ; and bad Princes will never value it , but will endeavour by all possible means to secure themselves against it . So that no inconveniency can be possibly so great on the supposition of this unaccountable Power in Soveraign Princes , taking it in the general , and meerly on the account of reason , as the unavoidable mischiefs of that Hypothesis , which places all power originally in the people , and notwithstanding all oaths and bonds whatsoever to obedience gives them the liberty to resume it when they please : which will alwaies be when that Spirit of Faction and Sedition shall prevail among them , which ruled here in Corah and his company . 2. Another pretence for this Rebellion of Corah , was , the freeing themselves from the encroachments upon their spiritual priviledges which were made by the usurpations of Aaron and the Priesthood . This served for a very popular pretence , for they knew no reason that one Tribe should engross so much of the wealth of the Nation to themselves , and have nothing to do but to attend the service of God for it . What , say they , are not all the Lords people holy ? Why may not then all they offer up incense to the Lord , as well as the Sons of Aaron ? How many publick uses might those Revenues serve for , which are now to maintain Aaron , and all the sons of Levi ? But if there must be some to attend the service of God , why may not the meanest of the people serve for that purpose , those who can be serviceable for nothing else ? Why must there be an order of Priesthood distinct from that of Levites ? why a High-Priest above all the Priests ? what is there in all their office which one of the common people may not do as well as they ? cannot they slay the sacrifices , and offer incense , and do all other parts of the Priestly office ? So that at last they make all this to be a Politick design of Moses only to advance his own Family by making his Brother High-Priest , and to have all the Priests and Levites at his devotion , to keep the people the better in awe . This hath alwaies been the quarrel at Religion , by those who seldom pretend to it , but with a design to destroy it . For who would ever have minded the constant attendance at the Temple , if no encouragements had been given to those who were imployed in it ? Or is not Religion apt enough to be despised of it self , by men of prophane minds , unless it be rendred more mean and contemptible by the Poverty of those who are devoted to it ? Shall not God be allowed the priviledge of every Master of a Family , to appoint the ranks and orders of his own servants , and to take care they be provided for , as becomes those who wait upon him ? What a dishonour had this been to the true God , when those who worshipped false Gods thought nothing too great for those who were imployed in the service of them ? But never any yet cryed , but he that had a mind to betray his Master , to what purpose is all this waste ? Let God be honoured as he ought to be , let Religion come in for its share among all the things which deserve encouragement , and those who are imployed in the offices of it , enjoy but what God , and Reason , and the Laws of their Countrey give them , and then we shall see it was nothing , but the discontent and saction of Corah and his company which made any encroachment of Aaron and the Priesthood any pretence for Rebellion . But all these pretences would not serve to make them escape the severe hand of divine justice ; for in an extraordinary and remarkable manner he made them suffer the just desert of their sin , for they perished in their contradiction , which is the next thing to be considered , viz. 2. The Judgement which was inflicted upon them for it . They had provoked Heaven by their sin , and disturbed the earth by their Faction ; and the earth , as if it were moved with indignation against them , trembled and shook , as Josephus saith , like waves that are tossed with a mighty wind , and then with a horrid noise it rends asunder , and opens its mouth to swallow those in its bowels who were unfit to live upon the face of it . They had been dividing the people , and the earth to their amazement and ruine divides it self under their feet , as though it had been designed on purpose , that in their punishment themselves might feel , and others see the mischief of their sin . Their seditious principles seemed to have infected the ground they stood upon ; the earth of a sudden proves as unquiet and troublesome as they ; but to rebuke their madness , it was only in obedience to him who made it the executioner of his wrath against them ; and when it had done its office , it is said , that the earth closed upon them ; and they perished from among the Congregation . Thus the earth haveing revenged it self against the disturbers of its peace , Heaven presently appears with a flaming fire , taking vengeance upon the 250 men , who in opposition to Aaron , had usurped the Priestly office , in offering incense before the Lord. Such a Fire , if we believe the same Historian , which far outwent the most dreadful eruptions of AEtna or Vesuvins , which neither the art of man , nor the power of the wind could raise , which neither the burning of Woods nor Cities could parallel ; but such a Fire which the wrath of God alone could kindle , whose light could be outdone by nothing but the heat of it . Thus Heaven and Earth agree in the punishment of such disturbers of Government , and God by this remarkable judgement upon them hath left it upon record to all ages , that all the world may be convinced how displeasing to him the sin of saction and sedition is . For God , takes all this that was done against Moses and Aaron , as done against himself . For they are said to be gathered together against the Lord , v. 11. to provoke the Lord , v. 30. And the fire is said to come out from the Lord : v. 35. And afterwards it is said of them ; This is that Dathan and Abiram , who strove against Moses and against Aaron in the company of Corah , when they strove against the Lord. By which we see God interprets striving against the Authority appointed by him , to be a striving against himself . God looks upon himself as immediately concerned in the Government of the world ; for by him Princes raign , and they are his Vicegerents upon earth ; and they who resist , resist not a meer appointment of the people , but an Ordinance of God ; and they who do so shall in the mildest sense receive a severe punishment from him . Let the pretences be never so popular , the persons never so great and famous ; nay , though they were of the great Council of the Nation , yet we see God doth not abate of his severity upon any of these considerations . This was the first formed sedition that we read of against Moses , the people had been murmuring before , but they wanted heads to manage them : Now all things concur to a most dangerous Rebellion upon the most popular pretences of Religion and Liberty ; and now God takes the first opportunity of declaring his hatred of such actions ; that others might hear , and fear , and do no more so presumptuously . This hath been the usual method of divine Judgements ; the first of the kind hath been most remarkably punished in this life , that by it they may see how hateful such things are to God ; but if men will venture upon them not withstanding , God doth not alwaies punish them so much in this world , ( though he sometimes doth ) but reserves them , without repentance , to his Justice in the world to come . The first man that sinned was made an example of Gods Justice ; The first world ; the first publick attempt against Heaven at Babel after the plantation of the world again ; the first Cities which were so generally corrupted after the flood ; the first breaker of the Sabbath after the Law ; the first offerers with strange fire ; the first lookers into the Ark , and here the first popular Rebellion and Usurpers of the office of Priesthood . God doth hereby intend to preserve the honour of his Laws ; he gives men warning enough by one exemplary punishment , and if not withstanding that , they will commit the same sin , they may thank themselves if they suffer for it , if not in this life , yet in that to come . And that good effect this Judgement had upon that people , that although the next day 14000 suffered for murmuring at the destruction of these men , yet we do not find that any Rebellion was raised among them afterwards upon these popular pretences of Religion , and the Power of the People . While their Judges continued ( who were Kings , without the state and title of Kings ) they were observed with reverence , and obeyed with diligence . When afterwards they desired a King , with all the Pomp and Grandeur which other Nations had ( which Samuel acquaints them with , viz , the Officers and Souldiers , the large Revenues he must have ) though their King was disowned by God , yet the people held firm in their obedience to him , and David himself , though anointed to be King , persecuted by Saul , and though he might have pleaded Necessity and Providence as much as any ever could , ( when Saul was strangely delivered into his hands , ) yet we see what an opinion he had of the person of a bad King , The Lord forbid that I should do this thing against my Master the Lords Anointed , to stretch forth my hand against him , seeing he is the Anointed of the Lord. And lest we should think it was only his Modesty or his Policy which kept him from doing it , he afterwards , upon a like occasion declares , it was only the sin of doing it , which kept him from it . For who can stretch forth his hand against the Lords Anointed and be guiltless ? Not as though David could not do it without the power of the Sanhedrin , as it hath been pretended by the Sons of Corah in our age ; for he excepts none ; he never seizes upon him to carry him prisoner to be tryed by the Sanhedrin , nor is there any foundation for any such power in the Sanhedrin over the persons of their Soveraigns . It neither being contained in the grounds of its institution , nor any precedent occurring in the whole story of the Bible , which gives the least countenance to it : Nay , several passages of Scripture utterly overthrew it , for how could Solomon have said , Where the word of a King is , there is power ; and who may say unto him , what dost thou ? If by the constitution of their Government , the Sanhedrin might have controlled him in what he said or did . But have not several of the modern Jews said so ? Granting that some have ; yet so they have spoken many unreasonable and foolish things besides ; but yet none of these have said , that it was in the power of the Sanhedrin to depose their Kings , or put them to death ; all that they say is , that in the cases expressed by the Law , if the Kings do transgress , the Sanhedrin had the power of inflicting the penalty of scourging , which yet they deny to have had any infamy in it among them . But did not David transgress the Law in his murder and adultery ? did not Solomon in the multitude of his wives & Idolatry , yet where do we read that the Sanhedrin ever took cognisance of these things ? And the more ancient Jews do say , that the King was not to be judged , as is plain in the Text of the Misna , however the Expositors have taken a liberty to contradict it ; but as far as we can find , without any foundation of reason : and R. Jeremiah in Nachmanides , saith expresly , That no creature may judge the King , but the holy and blessed God alone . But we have an Authority far greater than his , viz. of Davids in this case , who after he hath denied that any man can stretch forth his hand against the Lords Anointed , and be guiltless : In the very next words he submits the judgement of him only to God himself , saying , As the Lord liveth , the Lord shall smite him , or his day shall come to die , or he shall descend into battel and perish . He thought it sufficient to leave the judgement of those things to God , whose power over Princes he knew was enough , if well considered by them , to keep them in awe . We have now dispatched the first consideration of the words of the Text , as they relate to the fact of Corah and his company . 2. We ought now to enquire , whether the Christian Doctrine hath made any alteration in these things ; or whether that gives any greater encouragement to faction and sedition than the Law did , when it is masked under a pretence of zeal for Religion and Liberty . But it is so far from it , that what God then declared to be displeasing to him by such remarkable judgements , hath been now more fully manifested by frequent precepts , and vehement exhortations , by the most weighty arguments , and the constant practice of the first and the best of Christians , and by the black character which is set upon those who under a pretence of Christian Liberty did despise dominion , and speak evil of dignities , and follow Corah in his Rebellion , however they may please themselves with greater light , than former ages had in this matter , they are said to be such for whom is reserved the blackness of darkness for ever . It would take up too much time to examine the frivolous evasions , and ridiculous distinctions by which they would make the case of the Primitive Christians in not resisting Authority , so much different from theirs who have not only done it , but in spight of Christianity have pleaded for it . Either they said they wanted strength , or courage , or the countenance of the Senate , or did not understand their own Liberty ; when all their obedience was only due to those precepts of the Gospel , which make it so great a part of Christianity to be subject to Principalities and Powers , and which the Teachers of the Gospel had particularly given them in charge to put the people in mind of . And happy had it been for us if this Doctrine had been more sincerely preached , and duly practised in this Nation ; for we should then never have seen those sad times , which we can now no otherwise think of , than of the devouring Fire , and raging Pestilence , i. e. of such dreadfull judgements which we have smarted so much by , that we heartily pray we may never feel them again : For then fears and jealousies began our miseries , and the curse so often denounced against Meroz , fell upon the whole Nation ; When the Sons of Corah managed their own ambitious designs against Moses and Aaron ( the King and the Church ) under the same pretences of Religion and Liberty . And when the pretence of Religion was broken into Schisms , and Liberty into oppression of the people , it pleased God out of his secret and unsearchable judgements to suffer the Sons of Violence to prevail against the Lords Anointed ; and then they would know no difference between his being conquered and guilty . They could find no way to justifie their former wickedness , but by adding more : The consciousness of their own guilt , and the fears of the punishment due to it , made them unquiet and thoughtfull ; as long as his life and presence did upbraid them with the one , and made them fearfull of the other . And when they found the greatness and constancy of his mind , the firmness of his Piety , the zeal he had for the true interest of the people , would not suffer him to betray his Trust for the saving of his life ; they charge him with their own guilt , and make him suffer because they had deserved to do it . And as if it had not been enough to have abused the names of Religion and Liberty before , they resolve to make the very name of Justice to suffer together with their King : by calling that infamous company who condemned their Soveraign , A High Court of Justice which trampled under foot the Laws both of God and men . But lest the world should imagine they had any shame left in their sins , they make the people witnesses of his Murther ; and pretend the Power of the People for doing that , which they did detest and abhor . Thus fell our Royal Martyr a sacrifice to the fury of unreasonable men ; who either were so blind as not to see his worth , or rather so bad as to hate him for it . And as God gave once to the people of the Jews a King in his Anger , being provoked to it by their sins , we have cause to say , that upon the same account he took away one of the best of Kings from us in his wrath . But blessed be that God , who in the midst of judgement was pleased to remember mercy , in the miraculous preservation , and glorious restauration of our Gracious Soveraign ; let us have a care then of abusing the mercies of so great a deliverance to quite other ends than God intended it for , lest he be provoked to say to us , as he did of old to the Jews , But if ye shall still do wickedly , ye shall be consumed , both ye and your King. And if we look on this as a dreadful judgement , let us endeavour to prevent it by a timely and sincere reformation of our lives , and by our hearty supplications to God that he would preserve the person of our Soveraign from all the attempts of violence , that he would so direct his counsels , and prosper his affairs , that His Government may be a long and publick Blessing to these Nations . FINIS . Notes, typically marginal, from the original text Notes for div A61604-e140 Mat. 22. 21. Rom. 13. 2. a 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . Epiphan . haeres . 27. p. 105. ed. Petav. b 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . 〈◊〉 . 〈◊〉 24. §. 5 p. 72. c 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . Theodoret. haeret . f●b . l. ● . p. 193. d 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . Epiph. har . 24. §. 5. e 〈…〉 Diabolo , qui nunquam omni●o quietus est , immo 〈…〉 advers . haeres . l. 5. c. 24. 2 Pet. 2. 10. 1 Mac. 2. 6. V. David Ga●● . Chronol . p. 101. ☜ V. 12 , 13. V. 14. Numb . 3. 3● . Num● . 10. 3 ●● . Joseph . antiq . Jud. l. 4. c. 2. Joseph . Antiq . l. 4. c. 2. Numb 16. 41 V. ● . Num. 10. 2. Numb . 16. 13. V. 3. Joseph . l. 4. 1 , 2. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . Joseph . Ant. l 4. c. 2. p. ●04 . Di● Rom. hist. l. 54. L. 44. 〈◊〉 . Numb . 16. 35. V. 3● . Numb . 26. 9. Rom 13. 1. 2● 〈…〉 1 〈…〉 〈…〉 〈…〉 〈…〉 〈…〉 1 ●●●m 26. 10. Jude v. 13. Tit. 3. 1. 1 Sam. 12. 25.