The rule and exercises of holy dying in which are described the means and instruments of preparing our selves and others respectively, for a blessed death, and the remedies against the evils and temptations proper to the state of sicknesse : together with prayers and acts of vertue to be used by sick and dying persons, or by others standing in their attendance : to which are added rules for the visitation of the sick and offices proper for that ministery. Rule and exercises of holy dying. 1651 Taylor, Jeremy, 1613-1667. 1651 Approx. 603 KB of XML-encoded text transcribed from 208 1-bit group-IV TIFF page images. Text Creation Partnership, Ann Arbor, MI ; Oxford (UK) : 2003-11 (EEBO-TCP Phase 1). A64099 Wing T361A ESTC R28870 10772155 ocm 10772155 45783 This keyboarded and encoded edition of the work described above is co-owned by the institutions providing financial support to the Early English Books Online Text Creation Partnership. 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Sick -- Prayer-books and devotions. 2000-00 TCP Assigned for keying and markup 2001-07 SPi Global Keyed and coded from ProQuest page images 2002-07 Kirk Davis Sampled and proofread 2003-06 SPi Global Rekeyed and resubmitted 2003-08 Olivia Bottum Sampled and proofread 2003-08 Olivia Bottum Text and markup reviewed and edited 2003-10 pfs Batch review (QC) and XML conversion The Rule and Exercises of holy Dying by Ier Taylor D. D. THE RVLE AND EXERCISES OF HOLY DYING . In which are described The MEANS and INSTRUMENTS of preparing our selves , and others respectively , for a blessed Death : and the remedies against the evils and temptations proper to the state of Sicknesse . Together with Prayers and Acts of Vertue to be used by sick and dying persons , or by others standing in their Attendance . To which are added . Rules for the visitation of the Sick , and offices proper for that Ministery . 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . Isoc . ad Demonic . LONDON , Printed for R. R. and are to be sold by Edward Martin Bookseller in Norwich . 1651. To the Right Honourable and most truly Noble RICHARD Lord VAVGHAN , Earl of CARBERY , Baron of EMLIN , and MOLINGAR ; Knight of the Honourable Order of the BATH . My Lord , I Am treating your Lordship as a Roman Gentleman did Saint Augustine and his Mother ; I shall entertain you in a Charnel house , and carry your meditations awhile into the chambers of death , where you shall finde the rooms dressed up with melancholy arts , and fit to converse with your most retired thoughts , which begin with a sigh and proceed in deep consideration , and end in a holy resolution . The sight that S. Augustine most noted in that house of sorrow was the body of Caesar clothed with all the dishonours of corruption , that you can suppose in a six moneths burial . But I know that without pointing , your first thoughts will remember the change of a greater beauty , which is now dressing for the brightest immortality ; and from her bed of darknesse calls to you to dress your soul for that change which shall mingle your bones with that beloved dust , and carry your soul to the same Quire , where you may both sit and sing for ever . My Lord it is your dear Ladies Anniversary , and she deserved the biggest honour , and the longest memory , and the fairest monument , and the most solemne mourning ; and in order to it give me leave ( My Lord ) to cover her Hearse with these following sheets ; this book was intended first to minister to her piety ; and she desired all good people should partake of the advantages which are here recorded : she knew how to live rarely well , and she desired to know how to dye ; and God taught her by an experiment . But since her work is done and God supplyed her with provisions of his own , before I could minister to her , and perfect what she desired , it is necessary to present to your Lordship those bundles of Cypresse which were intended to dresse her Closet , but come now to dresse her Hearse . ( My Lord ) both your Lordship and my self have lately seen and felt such sorrows of death , and such sad departure of Dearest friends , that it is more then high time we should think our selves neerly concerned in the accidents ; Death hath come so neer to you as to fetch a portion from your very heart ; and now you cannot choose but digge your own grave and place your coffin in your eye when the Angel hath dressed your scene of sorrow and meditation with so particular and so neer an object ; and therefore as it is my duty , I am come to minister to your pious thoughts , and to direct your sorrows that they may turn into vertues and advantages . And since I know your Lordship to be so constant and regular in your devotions , and so tender in the matter of justice , so ready in the expressions of charity and so apprehensive of religion , and that you are a person whose work of grace is apt , and must every day grow towards those degrees , where when you arrive you shall triumph over imperfection , and choose nothing but what may please God , I could not by any compendium conduct and assist your pious purposes so well as by that which is the great argument and the great instrument of holy living , the consideration and exercises of death . My Lord , it is a great art to dye well , and to be learnt by men in health , by them that can discourse and consider ; by those whose understanding , and acts of reason are not abated with fear or pains , and as the greatest part of death is passed by the preceding years of our life , so also in those years are the greatest preparation to it : and he that prepares not for death , before his last sicknesse , is like him that begins to study Philosophy when he is going to dispute publikely in the faculty . All that a sick and dying man can do is but to exercise those vertues , which he before acquired , and to perfect that repentance which was begun more early . And of this ( My Lord ) my Book I think is a good testimony , not onely because it represents the vanity of a late and sick-bed repentance , but because it contains in it so many precepts and meditations , so many propositions and various duties , such forms of exercise , and the degrees and difficulties of so many graces which are necessary preparatives to a holy death , that the very learning the duties require study and skill , time and understanding in the wayes of godlinesse ; and it were very vain , to say so much is necessary , and not to suppose more time to learn them , more skill to practise them , more opportunities to desire them , more abilities both of body and mind then can be supposed in a sick , amazed , timerous , and weak person ; whose naturall acts are disabled , whose senses are weak , whose discerning faculties are lessened , whose principles are made intricate and intangled , upon whose eye sits a cloud , and the heart is broken with sicknesse , and the liver pierced thorow with sorrows and the strokes of death . And therefore ( my Lord ) it is intended by the necessity of affairs , that the precepts of dying well be part of the studies of them that live in health , and the dayes of discourse and understanding : which in this case hath another degree of necessity superadded ; because in other notices , an imperfect study may be supplied by a frequent exercise , and a renewed experience : Here , if we practise imperfectly once , we shall never recover the errour : for we die but once ; and therefore it will be necessary that our skill be more exact , since it is not to be mended by triall , but the actions must be for ever left imperfect , unlesse the habit be contracted with study and contemplation before hand . And indeed I were vain , if I should intend this book to be read and studied by dying persons : and they were vainer that should need to be instructed in those graces which they are then to exercise and to finish . For a sick bed is only a school of severe exercise , in which the spirit of a man is tried , and his graces are rehearsed : and the assistances which I have in the following pages given to those vertues which are proper to the state of sicknesse , are such as suppose a man in the state of grace ; or they confirm a good man , or they support the weak , or adde degrees , or minister comfort , or prevent an evil , or cure the little mischiefs which are incident to tempted persons in their weaknesse ; this is the summe of the present designe , as it relates to dying persons . And therefore I have not inserted any advices proper to old age , but such as are common to it and the state of sicknesse ; for I suppose very old age to be a longer sicknesse , it is labour and sorrow when it goes beyond the common period of nature ; but if it be on this side that period , and be healthfull , in the same degree it is so , I reckon it in the accounts of life ; and therefore it can have no distinct consideration . But I do not think it is a station of advantage to begin the change of an evil life in : It is a middle state between life and death-bed , and therefore although it hath more of hopes , then this , and lesse then that , yet as it partakes of either state : so it is to be regulated by the advices of that state , and judged by its sentences . Onely this : I desire , that all old persons would sadly consider that their advantages in that state are very few , but their inconveniences are not few : Their bodies are without strength , their prejudices long and mighty , their vices ( if they have lived wickedly ) are habituall , the occasions of their vertues not many , the possibilities of some ( in the matter of which they stand very guilty ) are past , and shall never return again ( such are , chastity , and many parts of self-deniall ; ) that they have some temptations proper to their age , as peevishnesse , and pride , covetousnesse , and talking , wilfulnesse and unwillingnesse to * learn , and they think they are protected by age from learning anew , or repenting the old ; and do not * leave , but change their vices : And after all this , either the day of their repentance is past , as we see it true in very many , or it is expiring and towards the Sun-set , as it is in all ; and therefore although in these , to recover is very possible , yet we may also remember that in the matter of vertue and repentance , possibility is a great way off from performance ; and how few do repent , of whom it is onely possible that they may ; and that many things more are required to reduce their possibility to act : a great grace , an assiduous ministery , an effective calling , mighty assistances , excellent counsell , great industry , a watchfull diligence , a well disposed mind , passionate desires , deep apprehensions of danger , quick perceptions of duty , and time , and Gods good blessing , and effectuall impression and seconding all this , that to will , and to do , may by him be wrought to great purposes , and with great speed . And therefore it will not be amisse , but it is hugely necessary , that these persons who have lost their time and their blessed opportunities should have the diligence of youth , and the zeal of new converts , and take account of every hour that is left them , and pray perpetually , and be advised prudently , and study the interest of their souls carefully , with diligence , and with fear ; and their old age which in effect is nothing , but a continuall death-bed , dressed with some more order and advantages , may be a state of hope , and labour , and acceptance , through the infinite mercies of God in Jesus Christ. But concerning sinners , really under the arrest of death , God hath made no death-bed covenant , the Scripture hath recorded no promises , given no instructions ; and therefore I had none to give , but onely the same which are to be given to all men that are alive , because they are so , and because it is uncertain when they shall be otherwise ; But then this advice I also am to insert . That they are the smallest number of Christian men , who can be divided by the characters of a certain holinesse , or an open villany : and between these , there are many degrees of latitude , and most are of a middle sort , concerning which we are tied to make the judgements of charity , and possibly God may do so too ; But however , all they are such to whom the rules of holy dying are usefull and applicable , and therefore no separation is to be made in this world ; but where the case is not evident , men are to be permitted to the unerring judgement of God , where it is evident , we can rejoyce or mourn for them that die . In the Church of Rome they reckon otherwise concerning sick and dying Christians then I have done . For they make profession , that from death to life , from sin to grace , a man may very certainly be changed , though the operation begin not before his last hour , and half this , they do upon his death bed ▪ and the other half when he is in his grave : and they take away the eternal punishment in an instant , by a school distinction or the hand of the Priest ; and the temporal punishment shall stick longer , even then when the man is no more measured with time , having nothing to do with any thing of , or under the sun ; but that they pretend to take away too , when the man is dead ; and , God knowes , the poor man for all this , payes them both in hell . The distinction of temporal and eternal is a just measure of pains , when it referres to this life and another ; but to dream of a punishment temporal when all his time is done , and to think of repentance when the time of grace is past , are great errours ; the one in Philosophy , and both in Divinity , and are a huge folly in their pretence , and infinite danger if they are believed ; being a certain destruction of the necessity of holy living , when men dare trust them , and live at the rate of such doctrines . The secret of these is soon discovered : for by such means though a holy life be not necessary , yet a priest is ; as if God did not appoint the Priest to minister to holy living , but to excuse it ; so making the holy calling not onely to live upon the sins of the people , but upon their ruine ; and the advantages of their function to spring from their eternal dangers . It is an evil craft to serve a temporal end upon the death of souls ; that , is an interest not to handled but with noblenesse and ingenuity , fear and caution , diligence and prudence , with great skill , and great honesty , with reverence and trembling , and severity : a soul is worth all that , and the need we have requires all that ; and therefore those doctrines that go lesse then all this , are not friendly , because they are not safe . I know no other great difference in the visitation and treating of sick persons , then what depends upon the article of late repentance ; for all Churches agree in the same essential propositions , and assist the sick by the same internal ministeries ; as for external , I mean unction , used in the Church of Rome , since it is used when the man is above half dead , when he can exercise no act of understanding , it must needs be nothing ; for no rational man can think that any ceremonie can make a spiritual change without a spiritual act of him that is to be changed ; nor work by way of nature , or by charme ; but morally and after the manner of reasonable creatures ; and therefore I do not think that ministery at all fit to be reckoned among the advantages of sick persons . The Fathers of the Councel of Trent first disputed and after their manner at last agreed , that extream unction was instituted by Christ. But afterwards , being admonished by one of their Theologues , that the Apostles ministred unction to infirm people before they were Priests ( the Priestly order according to their doctrine being collated in the institution of the last Supper ) for fear that it should be thought that this unction might be administred by him that was no Priest , they blotted out the word [ instituted ] and put in its stead [ insinuated ] this Sacrament ; and that it was published by Saint Iames. So it is in their Doctrine : and yet in their anathematismes , they curse all them that shall deny it to have been [ instituted ] by Christ. I shall lay no more prejudice against it , or the weak arts of them that maintain it , but adde this onely , that there being but two places of Scripture pretended for this ceremonie , some chief men of their own side have proclaimed those two invalid as to the institution of it ; for Suarez sayes that the unction used by the Apostles in S. Mark 6.13 . is not the same with what is used in the Church of Rome ; and that it cannot be plainly gathered from the Epistle of Saint Iames , Cajetan affirms , and that it did belong to the miraculous gift of healing , not to a Sacrament . The sick mans exercise of grace formerly acquired , his perfecting repentance begun in the dayes of health , the prayers and counsels of the Holy man that ministers , the giving the Holy Sacrament , the Ministery and assistance of Angels , and the mercies of God , the peace of conscience and the peace of the Church are all the assistances and preparatives that can help to dresse his lamp . But if a man shall go to buy oil , when the Bridegroom comes , if his lamp be not first furnish'd , and then trimmed , that in his life , this upon his death-bed , his station shall be without doors , his portion with unbelievers , and the unction of the dying man shall no more strengthen his soul , then it cures his body , and the prayers for him after his death shall be of the same force as if they should pray that he should return to life again the next day , and live as long as Lazarus in his return . But I consider , that it is not well , that men should pretend any thing will do a man good when he dies , and yet the same ministeries and ten times more assistances are found for fourty or fifty years together to be ineffectual ; can extreme unction at last cure what the Holy Sacrament of the Eucharist all his life time could not do ? Can prayers for a dead man do him more good then when he was alive ? If all his dayes the man belonged to death and the dominion of sin , and from thence could not be recovered by Sermons , and counsels , and perpetual precepts , and frequent Sacraments , by confessions and absolutions , by prayers and advocations , by external ministeries and internal acts , it is but too certain that his lamp cannot then be furnished ; his extreme unction is onely then of use when it is made by the oil that burned in his lamp in all the dayes of his expectation and waiting for the coming of the Bridegroom . Neither can any supply be made in this case by their practise of praying for the dead : though they pretend for this the fairest precedents of the Church and of the whole world . The Heathens they say did it ; and the Jews did it , and the Christians did it ; some were baptized for the dead in the dayes of the Apostles ; and very many were communicated for the dead * for many ages after : T is true they were so , and did so : the Heathens prayed for an easie * grave and a perpetual spring , that Saffron would rise from their beds of grasse . The Jews prayed that the souls of their dead might be in the garden of Eden , that they might have their part in Paradise , and in the world to come , and that they might hear the peace of the fathers of their generations sleeping in Hebron : and the Christians prayed for a joyful resurrection , for mercy at the day of judgement , for the hastning of the coming of Christ , & the kingdom of God ; and they named all sorts of persons in their prayers , all I mean but wicked persons , all but them that liv'd evil lives ; they named Apostles , Saints , and Martyrs ; and all this is so nothing to their purpose , or so much against it , that the prayers for the dead used in the Church of Rome are moct plainly condemned , because they are against the doctrine and practises of all the world ; in other forms to other purposes , relying upon distinct doctrines , until new opinions began to arise about S. Augustines time , and changed the face of the proposition . Concerning prayer for the dead the Church hath received no commandment from the Lord ; and therefore concerning it we can have no rules , nor proportions , but from those imperfect revelations of the state of departed souls , and the measures of charity , which can relate onely to the imperfection of their present condition , and the terrors of the day of judgement : but to think that any suppletory to an evil life can be taken from such devotions after the sinners are dead may incourage a bold man to sin , but cannot relieve him when he hath . But of all things in the world me thinks men should be most careful not to abuse dying people ; not onely because their condition is pitiable , but because they shall soon be discovered , and in the secret regions of souls , there shall be an evil report concerning those men who have deceived them ; and if we believe we shall go to that place where such reports are made , we may fear the shame and the amazement of being accounted impostors in the presence of Angels , and all the wise holy men of the world . To be erring and innocent is hugely pitiable , and incident to mortality , that , we cannot help ; but to deceive or to destroy so great an interest as is that of a soul , or to lessen its advantages by giving it trifling and false confidences , is injurious and intolerable . And therefore , it were very well , if all the Churches of the world would be extremely curious concerning their offices and ministeries of the visitation of the sick ; that their Ministers they send be holy , and prudent ; that their instructions be severe and safe ; that their sentences be merciful and reasonable ; that their offices be sufficient and devout ; that their attendances be frequent and long ; that their deputations be special , and peculiar ; that the doctrines upon which they ground their offices be true , material and holy ; that their ceremonies be few ; and their advices wary ; that their separation be full of caution ; their judgements not remisse ; their remissions not loose and dissolute ; and that all the whole ministration be made by persons of experience and charity ; for it is a sad thing to see our dead go forth of our hands ; they live incuriously and dye without regard , and the last scene of their life , which should be dressed with all spiritual advantages , is abused by flattery and easie propositions , and let go with carelesnesse and folly . My Lord , I have endeavoured to cure some part of the evil as well as I could ; being willing to relieve the needs of indigent people in such wayes as I can , and therefore have described the duties which every sick man may do alone , and such in which he can be assisted by the Minister ; and am the more confident that these my endeavours will be the better entertained , because they are the first intire body of directions for sick and dying people that I remember to have been published in the Church of England : In the Church of Rome there have been many , but they are dressed with such Doctrines which are sometimes uselesse , sometimes hurtfull , and their whole designe of assistance which they commonly yeeld , is at the best imperfect , and the representment is too carelesse and loose for so severe an imployment : So that in this affair I was almost forced to walk alone , onely that I drew the rules and advices from the fountains of Scripture , and the purest channels of the Primitive Church , and was helped by some experience in the cure of souls . I shall measure the successe of my labours , not by popular noises or the sentences of curious persons , but by the advantage which good people may receive ; my work here is not to please the speculative part of men , but to minister to practise , to preach to the weary , to comfort the sick , to assist the penitent , to reprove the confident , to strengthen weak hands and feeble knees , having scarce any other possibilities left me of doing alms , or exercising that charity by which we shall be judged at Doomsday . It is enough for me to be an underbuilder in the House of God , and I glory in the imployment ; I labour in the foundations , and therefore the work needs no Apology for being plain , so it be strong and well laid . But ( My Lord ) as mean as it is , I must give God thanks for the desires and the strength , and next to him , to you for that opportunity and little portion of leisure which I had to do it in ; for I must acknowledge it publikely ( and besides my prayers , it is all the recompence I can make you ) my being quiet I owe to your Interest , much of my support to your bounty , and many other collaterall comforts I derive from your favour and noblenesse . ( My Lord ) because I much honour you , and because I would do honour to my self , I have written your Name in the entrance of my Book , I am sure you will entertain it because the designe related to your Dear Lady , and because it may minister to your spirit in the day of visitation when God shall call for you to receive your reward for your charity and your noble piety , by which you have not onely endeared very many persons , but in great degrees have obliged me to be My Noblest Lord Your Lordships most thankfull and most humble servant TAYLOR . THE TABLE . CHAP. I. A General preparation towards a holy and blessed death by way of consideration , 1. § I. Consideration of the vanity and shortnesse of mans life , ibid. § II. The consideration reduced to practise , 10. § III. Rules and spiritual arts of lengthening our dayes , and to take off the objection of a short life , 21. § IV. Consideration of the miseries of mans life , 35. § V. The consideration reduced to practise . 43. CHAP. II. A general preparation towards a holy and blessed death , by way of exercise , 48. § I. Three precepts preparatory to a holy death to be practised in our whole life . ibid. § II. Of daily examination of our actions in the whole course of our health , preparatory to our death bed , 55. Reasons for a daily examination , ibid. The benefits of this exercise , 59 § III. Of exercising charity during our whole life , 67. § IV. General considerations to inforce the former practises , 71. The circumstances of a dying mans sorrow and danger , 72. CHAP. III. Of the temptations incident to the state of sicknesse with their proper remedies , 77. § I. Of the state of sicknesse , ibid. § II. Of Impatience , 81. § III. Constituent or integral parts of patience , 84. § IV. Remedies against impatience by way of consideration . 87. § V. Remedies against impatience by way of exercise . 98. § VI. Advantages of sicknesse , 104. Three appendant considerations , 1●0 , 121 , 122. § VII . Remedies against fear of death , by way of consideration . 127 § VIII . Remedies against fear of death , by way of exercise . 134. § IX . General Rules and Exercises whereby our sicknesse may become safe and sanctified , 143. CHAP. IV. Of the practise of the graces , proper to the state of sicknesse which a sick man may practise alone , 156. § I. Of the practise of patience by way of Rule , 156 , 157. § II. Acts of patience by way of prayer and ejaculation . 167. A prayer to be said in the beginning of a sicknesse . 173. An act of resignation to be said in all the evil accidents of his sickness 174. A prayer for the grace of patience 175. A prayer to be said at the taking Physic , 177. § III. Of the practise of the grace of faith in time of sicknesse , 178. § IV. Acts of faith by way of prayer , and ejaculation to be said by sick men in the dayes of their temptation 184. The prayer [ for the grace & strengths of faith , 186. § V. Of repentance in the time of sicknesse , 188. § VI. Rules for the practise of repentance in sicknesse , 195. Means of exciting contrition , &c. 200 § VII . Acts of repentance by way of prayer and ejaculation 208. The prayer ] for the grace and perfection of repentance 210. A prayer for pardon of sins to be said frequently in time of sicknesse 212. An act of holy resolution of amendment of life in case of recovery 214. § VIII . An analysis or resolution of the Decalogue , enumerating the duties commanded , and the sins forbidden in every Commandment , for the helping the sick man in making his confession 216. The special precepts of the Gospel enumerated 69 , 227. § IX . Of the sick mans practise of charity and justice by way of Rule 231. § X. Acts of charity by way of prayer and ejaculation which may also be used for thanksgiving in case of recovery . 238. CHAP. V , Of visitation of the sick , or § I. The assistance that is to be done to dying persons by the ministery of their Clergy-Guides . 242. § II. Rules for the manner of visitations of the sick 245. § III. Of ministring in the sick mans confession of sins and Repentance 250 Arguments and exhortations to move the sick man to confession of sins ibid. Instruments by way of consideration to awaken a careless person and a stupid conscience 255. § IV. Of ministring to the restitution and pardon . or reconciliation of the sick person by administring the holy Sacrament 268. § V. Of ministring to the sick person by the Spiritual man as he is the Physitian of souls 282. Considerations against unreasonable fears concerning forgivenesse of sins , and its uncertainty and danger 283. An exercise against despair in the day of our death 293. § VI. Considerations against Presumption 301. § VII . Offices to be said by the Minister in his visitation of the sick 306. The prayer of S. Eustratius the Martyr 310. A prayer taken out of the Greek Euchologion , &c. 311. The order of recommendation of the soul in its agony 313. Prayers to be said by the surviving friends in behalf of them selves 318. A prayer to be said in the case of a sudden death , or pressing fatall danger 321. § VIII . A peroration concerning the contingencies , and treatings of our departed friends after death , in order to their will and buriall . 322. Vigilate et Orate quia nescitis horam CHAP. I. A general preparation towards a holy and blessed Death : by way of consideration . SECT . I. Consideration of the vanity , and shortnesse of Mans life . A Man is a Bubble ( said the Greek Proverb ) ; which Lucian represents with advantages and its proper circumstances , to this purpose ; saying , that all the world is a storm , and Men rise up in their several generations like bubbles descending à Iove pluvio , from God , and the dew of Heaven , from a tear and drop of Man , from Nature and Providence : and some of these instantly sink into the deluge of their first parent , and are hidden in a sheet of Water , having had no other businesse in the world , but to be born that they might be able to die : others float up and down two or three turns , and suddenly disappear and give their place to others : and they that live longest upon the face of the waters are in perpetual motion , restlesse and uneasy , and being crushed with the great drop of a cloud sink into flatness and a froth ; the change not being great , it being hardly possible it should be more a nothing then it was before . So is every man : He is born in vanity and sin ; he comes into the world like morning Mushromes , soon thrusting up their heads into the air and conversing with their kinred of the same production , and as soon they turn into dust and forgetfulnesse ; some of them without any other interest in the affairs of the world , but that they made their parents a little glad , and very sorrowful : others ride longer in the storm ; it may be until seven yeers of Vanity be expired , and then peradventure the Sun shines hot upon their heads and they fall into the shades below , into the cover of death , and darknesse of the grave to hide them . But if the bubble stands the shock of a bigger drop , and outlives the chances of a childe , of a carelesse Nurse , of drowning in a pail of water , of being overlaid by a sleepy servant , or such little accidents , then the young man dances like a bubble , empty and gay , and shines like a Doves neck or the image of a rainbow , which hath no substance , and whose very imagery and colours are phantastical ; and so he dances out the gayety of his youth , and is all the while in a storm , and endures , onely because he is not knocked on the head by a drop of bigger rain , or crushed by the pressure of a load of indigested meat , or quenched by the disorder of an ill placed humor : and to preserve a man alive in the midst of so many chances , and hostilities , is as great a miracle as to create him ; to preserve him from rushing into nothing and at first to draw him up from nothing were equally the issues of an Almighty power . And therefore the wise men of the world have contended who shall best fit mans condition with words signifying his vanity and short abode . Homer cals a man a leaf , the smallest , the weakest piece of a short liv'd , unsteady plant . Pindar calls him the dream of a shadow : Another , the dream of the shadow of smoak . But S. Iames spake by a more excellent Spirit , saying , Our life is but a vapor ] viz. drawn from the earth by a coelestial influence ; made of smoak , or the lighter parts of water , tossed with every winde , moved by the motion of a superiour body , without vertue in it self , lifted up on high , or left below , according as it pleases the Sun its Foster-father . But it is lighter yet . It is but appearing . A phantastic vapor , an apparition , nothing real ; it is not so much as a mist , not the matter of a shower , nor substantial enough to make a cloud ; but it is like Cassiopeia's chair , or Pelops shoulder , or the circles of Heaven , 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , for which you cannot have a word that can signify a veryer nothing . And yet the expression is one degree more made diminutive : A vapor , and phantastical , or a meer appearance , and this but for a little while neither : the very dream , the phantasm disappears in a small time , like the shadow that departeth , or like a tale that is told , or as a dream when one awaketh : A man is so vain , so unfixed , so perishing a creature , that he cannot long last in the scene of fancy : a man goes off and is forgotten like the dream of a distracted person . The summe of all is this : That thou art a man , then whom there is not in the world any greater instance of heights and declensions , of lights and shadows , of misery and folly , of laughter and tears , of groans and death . And because this consideration is of great usefulnesse and great necessity to many purposes of wisdom and the Spirit ; all the succession of time , all the changes in nature , all the varieties of light and darknesse , the thousand thousands of accidents in the world , and every contingency to every man , and to every creature does preach our funeral sermon , and calls us to look , and see , how the old Sexton Time throws up the earth , and digs a Grave where we must lay our sins , or our sorrows , and sowe our bodies till they rise again in a fair , or in an intolerable eternity . Every revolution which the sun makes about the world , divides between life and death ; and death possesses both those portions by the next morrow ; and we are dead to all those moneths which we have already lived , and we shall never live them over again : and still God makes little periods of our age . First we change our world , when we come from the womb to feel the warmth of the sun : Then we sleep and enter into the image of death , in which state we are unconcerned in all the changes of the world ; and if our Mothers , or our Nurses die , or a wilde boar destroy our vineyards , or our King be sick , we regard it not , but , during that state , are as disinterest , as if our eyes were closed with the clay that weeps in the bowels of the earth . At the end of seven years , our teeth fall and dye before us , representing a formal prologue to the Tragedie ; and still every seven year it is oddes but we shall finish the last scene : and when Nature , or Chance , or Vice takes our body in pieces , weakening some parts , and loosing others , we taste the grave and the solennities of our own Funerals , first in those parts that ministred to Vice , and next in them that served for Ornament ; and in a short time even they that served for necessity become uselesse , and intangled like the wheels of a broken clock . Baldnesse is but a dressing to our funerals , the proper ornament of mourning , and of a person entred very far into the regions and possession of Death : And we have many more of the same signification : Gray hairs , rotten teeth , dim eyes , trembling joynts , short breath , stiffe limbs , wrinkled skin , short memory , decayed appetite . Every dayes necessity calls for a reparation of that portion which death fed on all night when we lay in his lap , and slept in his outer chambers : The very spirits of a man prey upon the daily portion of bread and flesh , and every meal is a rescue from one death , and layes up for another ; and while we think a thought , we die ; and the clock strikes , and reckons on our portion of Eternity ; we form our words with the breath of our nostrils , we have the lesse to live upon , for every word we speak . Thus Nature calls us to meditate of death by those things which are the instruments of acting it ; and God by all the variety of his Providence , makes us see death every where , in all variety of circumstances , and dressed up for all the fancies , and the expectation of every single person . Nature hath given us one harvest every year , but death hath two : and the Spring and the Autumn send throngs of Men and Women to charnel houses ; and all the Summer long men are recovering from their evils of the Spring , till the dog dayes come , and then the Syrian star makes the summer deadly ; And the fruits of Autumn are laid up for all the years provision , and the man that gathers them eats and sursets , and dies and needs them not , and himself is laid up for Eternity ; and he that escapes till winter , only stayes for another opportunity , which the distempers of that quarter minister to him with great variety . Thus death reigns in all the portions of our time . The Autumn with its fruits provides disorders for us : and the Winters cold turns them into sharp diseases , and the Spring brings flowers to strew our herse , and the Summer gives green turfe and brambles to binde upon our graves . Calentures , and Sur●et , Cold , and Agues , are the four quarters of the year , and all minister to Death ; and you can go no whither , but you tread upon a dead mans bones . The wilde fellow in Petronius that escaped upon a broken table from the furies of a shipwrack , as he was sunning himself upon the rocky shore espied a man rolled upon his floating bed of waves , ballasted w th sand in the folds of his garment , and carried by his civil enemy the sea towards the shore to finde a grave ; and it cast him into some sad thoughts : that peradventure this mans wife in some part of the Continent , safe and warme looks next moneth for the good mans return ; or it may be his son knows nothing of the tempest ; or his father thinks of that affectionate kiss which still is warm upon the good old mans cheek ever since he took a kinde farewel ; and he weeps with joy to think how blessed he shall be when his beloved boy returns into the circle of his Fathers arms . These are the thoughts of mortals , this is the end and sum of all their designes : a dark night , and an ill Guide , a boysterous sea , and a broken Cable , a hard rock , and a rough winde dash'd in pieces the fortune of a whole family , and they that shall weep loudest for the accident , are not yet entred into the storm , and yet have suffered shipwrack . Then looking upon the carkasse , he knew it , and found it to be the Master of the ship , who the day before cast up the accounts of his patrimony and his trade , and named the day , when he thought to be at home : see how the man swims who was so angry two dayes since ; his passions are becalm'd with the storm , his accounts cast up , his cares at an end , his voyage done , and his gains are the strange events of death , which whither they be good or evil , the men that are alive , seldom trouble themselves concerning the interest of the dead . But seas alone do not break our vessel in pieces : Every where we may be shipwracked . A valiant General when he is to reap the harvest of his crowns and triumphs , fights unprosperously , or falls into a Feaver with joy and wine , and changes his Lawrel into Cypresse , his triumphal chariot to an Hearse ; dying the night before he was appointed to perish in the drunkennesse of his festival joyes . It was a sad arrest of the loosenesses and wilder feasts of the French Court , when their King [ Henry 2. ] was killed really by the sportive image of a fight . And many brides have died under the hands of Paranymphs and Maidens dressing them for uneasy joy , the new and undiscerned chains of Marriage : according to the saying of Bensirah the wise Jew , The Bride went into her chamber , and knew not what should befall her there . Some have been paying their vows , and giving thanks for a prosperous return to their own house , and the roof hath descended upon their heads , and turned their loud religion into the deeper silence of a grave : And how many teeming Mothers have rejoyced over their swelling wombs , and pleased themselves in becoming the chanels of blessing to a familie ; and the Midwife hath quickly bound their heads and feet , and carried them forth to burial ? Or else the birth day of an Heir hath seen the Coffin of the Father brought into the house , and the divided Mother hath been forced to travel twice , with a painful birth , and a sadder death . There is no state , no accident no circumstance of our life , but it hath been sowred by some sad instance of a dying friend : a friendly meeting often ends in some sad mischance , and makes an eternal parting : and when the Poet Eschylus was sitting under the walls of his house , an eagle hovering over his bald head , mistook it for a stone , and let fall his oyster , hoping there to break the shell , but pierced the poor mans skull . Death meets us every where , and is procured by every instrument , and in all chances , and enters in at many doors : by violence , and secret influence , by the aspect of a star , and the stink of a mist , by the emissions of a cloud , and the meeting of a vapor , by the fall of a chariot , and the stumbling at a stone , by a full meal , or an empty stomach , by watching at the wine , or by watching at prayers , by the Sun or the Moon , by a heat or a cold , by sleeplesse nights , or sleeping dayes , by water frozen into the hardnesse , and sharpnesse of a dagger , or water thawd into the floods of a river ; by a hair , or a raisin , by violent motion , or sitting still , by severity , or dissolution , by Gods mercy , or Gods anger , by every thing in providence , and every thing in manners , by every thing in nature and every thing in chance . Eripitur persona , manet res , we take pains to heap up things useful to our life , and get our death in the purchase ; and the person is snatch●ed away , and the goods remain : and all this is the law and constitution of nature , it is a punishment to our sins , the unalterable event of providence , and the decree of heaven . The chains that confine us to this condition are strong as destiny and immutable as the eternal laws of God. I have conversed with some men who rejoyced in the death or calamity upon others , and accounted it as a judgement upon them , for being on the other side , and against them in the contention ; but within the revolution of a few moneths the same man met with a more uneasy and unhandsom death : which when I saw , I wept , and was afraid : for I knew that it must be so with all men , * for we also shall die and end our quarrels and contentions by passing to a final sentence . SECT . II. The Consideration reduced to practice . IT will be very material to our best and noblest purposes , if we represent this scene of change and sorrow a little more dressed up in Circumstances , for so we shall be more apt to practice those Rules , the doctrine of which is consequent to this consideration . * It is a mighty change that is made by the death of every person , and it is visible to us who are alive . Reckon but from the spritefulnesse of youth , and the fair cheeks and full eyes of childehood , from the vigorousnesse , and strong flexure of the joynts of five and twenty , to the hollownesse and dead palenesse , to the loathsomnesse and horrour of a three dayes burial , and we shall perceive the distance to be very great , and very strange . But so have I seen a Rose newly springing from the clefts of its hood , and at first it was fair as the Morning , and full with the dew of Heaven , as a Lambs fleece ; but when a ruder breath had forced open its virgin modesty , and dismantled its too youthful and unripe retirements , it began to put on darknesse , and to decline to softnesse , and the symptomes of a sickly age ; it bowed the head , and broke its stalk , and at night having lost some of its leaves , and all its beauty , it fell into the portion of weeds and out-worn faces : The same is the portion of every man , and every woman ; the heritage of worms and serpents , rottennesse and cold dishonour , and our beauty so changed that our acquaintance quickly knew us not , and that change mingled with so much horrour , or else meets so with our fears and weak discoursings , that they who six hours ago tended upon us , either with charitable or ambitious services cannot without some regret stay in the room alone where the body lies stripped of its life and Honour . I have read of a fair young German Gentleman , who living , often refused to be pictured , but put of● the importunity of his friends desire , by giving way that after a few dayes burial they might send a painter to his vault , and if they saw cause for it , draw the image of his death unto the life . They did so , and found his face half eaten , and his midriffe and back bone full of serpents , and so he stands pictured among his armed Ancestours . So does the fairest beauty change , and it will be as bad with you and me ; and then , what servants shall we have to wait upon us in the grave , what friends to visit us , what officious people to cleanse away the moist and unwholsom cloud reflected upon our faces from the sides of the weeping vaults , which are the longest weepers for our funeral . This discourse will be useful , if we consider and practise by the following Rules and Considerations respectivly . 1. All the Rich , and all the Covetous men in the world will perceive , and all the world will perceive for them , that it is but an ill recompence for all their cares , that by this time all that shall be left will be this , that the Neighbours shall say he died a rich man : and yet his wealth will not profit him in the grave , but hugely swell the sad accounts of Doomsday ; And he that kills the Lords people with unjust or ambitious wars for an unrewarding interest , shall have this character , that he threw away all the dayes of his life , that one year might be reckoned with his Name , and computed by his reign , or consulship ; and many men by great labors and affronts , many indignities and crimes labour onely for a pompous Epitaph , and a loud title upon their Marble ; whilest those into whose possessions their heirs , or kinred are entred , are forgotten , and lye unregarded as their ashes , and without concernment or relation , as the turf upon the face of their grave . * A man may read a sermon , the best and most passionate that ever men preached , if he shall but enter into the sepulchres of Kings . In the same Escurial where the Spanish Princes live in greatnesse and power , and decree war or peace , they have wisely placed a coemeterie where their ashes and their glories shall sleep till time shall be no more : and where our Kings have been crowned , their Ancestours lay interred , and they must walk over their Grandsires head to take his crown . There is an acre sown with royal seed , the copy of the greatest change , from rich to naked , from ci●led roofs to arched coffins , from living like Gods to dye like Men. There is enough to cool the flames of lust , to abate the heights of pride , to appease the itch of covetous desires , to ●ully and dash out the dissembling colours of a lustful , artificial , and imaginary beauty . There the warlike and the peaceful , the fortunate and the miserable , the beloved and the despised Princes mingle their dust , and pay down their symbol of Mortality , and tell all the world , that when we die , our ashes shall be equal to Kings , and our accounts easier , and our pains or our crowns shall be lesse . * To my apprehension it is a sad record which is left by Athenaeus concerning Ninus the great Assyrian Monarch , whose life and death is summed up in these words : Ninus the Assyrian had an Ocean of gold , and other riches more then the sand in the Caspian sea : he never saw the stars , and perhaps he never desired it ; he never stirred up the holy fire among the Magi , nor touched his God with the sacred rod according to the Laws ; he never offered sacrifice , nor worshipped the Deity , nor administred justice , nor spake to his people , nor numbred them ; but he was most valiant to eat and drink , and having mingled his wines he threw the rest upon the stones : This man is dead ; Behold his Sepulchre , and now hear where Ninus is . Some times I was Ninus , and drew the breath of a living man , but now am nothing but clay . I have nothing , but what I did eat , and what I served to my self in lust [ that was and is all my portion ; ] the wealth with which I was [ esteemed ] blessed , my enemies meeting together shall bear away , as the mad Thyades carry a raw Goat . I am gone to Hell , and when I went thither , I neither carried Gold , nor Horse , nor silver Chariot . I that wore a Miter , am now a little heap of dust . * I know not any thing that can better represent the evil condition of a wicked man , or a changing greatnesse . From the greatest secular dignity to dust , and ashes , his nature bears him ; and from thence to Hell his sins carry him , and there he shall be for ever under the dominion of chains and devils , wrath , and an intollerable calamity . This is the reward of an unsanctified condition , and a greatnesse ill gotten , or ill administred . 2. Let no man extend his thoughts , or let his hopes wander towards future and far distant events and accidental contingencies . This day is mine and yours , but ye know not what shall be on the morrow : and every morning creeps out of a dark cloud , leaving behinde it an ignorance and silence deep as midnight and undiscerned as are the phantasms that make a Chrysome childe to smile : so that we cannot discern what comes hereafter , unlesse we had a light from Heaven , brighter then the vision of an Angel , even the Spirit of Prophesie . Without revelation we cannnot tell whether we shal eat to morrow , or whether a Squinzy shall choak us : and it is written in the unrevealed folds of Divine Predestination , that many who are this day alive , shall to morrow be laid upon the cold earth , and the women shall weep over their shrowd , and dresse them for their funeral . S. Iames in his Epistle notes the solly of some men his contemporaries , who were so impatient of the event of to morrow , or the accidents of next year , or the good or evils of old age , that they would consult Astrologers and witches , Oracles and Devils what should befall them the next Calends ? what should be the event of such a voyage , what God had written in his book concerning the successe of battels , the Election of Emperors , the Heir of families , the price of Merchandise , the return of the Tyrian fleer , the rate of Sidonian Carpets , and as they were taught by the crafty and lying Daemons , so they would expect the issue ; and oftentimes by disposing their affairs in order toward such events , really did produce some litle accidents according to their expectation ; and that made them trust the Oracles in greater things , and in all . Against this , he opposes his Counsel , that we should not search after forbidden records , much lesse by uncertain significations : for whatsoever is disposed to happen by the order of natural causes , or civil counsels may be rescinded by a peculiar decree of providence or be prevented by the death of the interested persons ; who while their hopes are full , and their causes conjoyned , and the work brought forward , and the sickle put into the harvest , and the first fruits offered , and ready to be eaten , even then if they put forth their hand to an event that stands but at the door , at that door their body may be carried forth to burial , before the expectation shall enter into fruition . When Richilda the Widow of Albert Earl of Ebersberg had feasted the Emperour Henry III. and petitioned in behalf of her Nephew Welpho for some lands formerly possessed by the Earl her Husband ; just as the Emperour held out his hand to signifie his consent , the chamber-floor suddenly fell under them , and Richilda falling upon the edge of a bathing vessel , was bruised to death , and stayed not to see her Nephew sleep in those lands which the Emperour was reaching forth to her , and placed at the door of restitution . 3. As our hopes must be confined , so must our designes ; let us not project long designes ; crafty plots , and diggings so deep that the intrigues of a designe shall never be unfolded till our Grand children have forgotten our vertues or our vices . The work of our soul is cut short , facile , sweet and plain , and fitted to the small portions of our shorter life : and as we must not trouble our inquiry , so neither must we intricate our labour and purposes with what we shall never enjoy . This rule does not forbid us to plant Orchards which shall feed our Nephews with their fruit ; for by such provisions they do something towards an imaginary immortality , and do charity to their Relatives : But such projects are reproved which discompose our present duty by long and future designes ; such which by casting our labours to events at distance , make us lesse to remember our death standing at the door . It is fit for a Man to work for his dayes wages , or to contrive for the hire of a week , or to lay a train to make provisions for such a time as is within our eye , and in our duty , and within the usual periods of Mans life , for whatsoever is made necessary , is also made prudent ; but while we plot , and buisy our selves in the toils of an ambitious war , or the levies of a great estate , Night enters in upon us , and tells all the world , how like fools we lived , and how deceived and miserably we dyed . Seneca tells of Senecio Cornelius , a man crafty in getting , and tenacious in holding a great estate , and one who was as diligent in the care of his body , as of his money , curious of his health , as of his possessions ; that he all day long attended upon his sick and dying friend ; but when he went away was quickly comforted , supped merrily , went to bed cheerfully , and on a sudden being surprized by a Squinzy , scarce drew his breath until the Morning , but by that time dyed , being snatched from the torrent of his fortune , and the swelling tide of wealth , and a likely hope bigger then the necessities of ten men . This accident was much noted then in Rome , because it happened in so great a fortune , and in the midst of wealthy designes ; and presently it made wise men to consider , how imprudent a person he is , who disposes of ten years to come , when he is not Lord of to morrow . 4. Though we must not look so far of● , and prey abroad , yet we must be buisie neer at hand ; we must with all arts of the Spirit seize upon the present , because it passes from us while we speak , and because in it all our certainty does consist . We must take our waters as out of a torrent and sudden shower , which will quickly cease dropping from above , and quickly cease running in our chanels here below ; This instant will never return again , and yet it may be this instant will declare , or secure the fortune of a whole eternity . The old Greeks and Romans taught us the prudence of this rule : but Christianity teaches us the Religion of it . They so seized upon the present that they would lose nothing of the dayes pleasure . Let us eat and drink for to morrow we shall die ; that was their philosophy ; and at their solemn feasts they would talk of death to heighten the present drinking , and that they might warm their veins with a fuller chalice , as knowing the drink that was poured upon their graves would be cold and without relish . Break the beds , drink your wine , crown your heads with roses , and besinear your curled locks with Nard ; for God bids you to remember death ; so the Epigrammatist speaks the sence of their drunken principles . Something towards this signification is that of Solomon , There is nothing better for a man then that he should eat and drink , and that he should make his soul enjoy good in his labour , for that is his portion , for who shall bring him to see that which shall be after him ? But although he concludes all this to be vanity , yet because it was the best thing that was then commonly known * that they should seize upon the present with a temperate use of permited pleasures , had reason to say that Christianity taught us to turn this into religion . For he that by a present and a constant holiness secures the present , and makes it useful to his noblest purposes , he turns his condition into his best advantage , by making his unavoidable fate become his necessary religion . To the purpose of this rule is that collect of Tuscan hieroglyphics which we have from Gabriel Simeon . Our life is very short , beauty is a cosenage , money is false and fugitive , Empire is odious , and hated by them that have it not , and uneasy to them that have , victory is alwayes uncertain , and peace most commonly is but a fraudulent bargain ; old age is miserable , death is the period , and is a happy one if it be not sowred by the sins of our life : but nothing continues but the effects of that wisdom which imployes the present time in the acts of a holy religion , and a peaceable conscience : for they make us to live even beyond our funerals , embalmed in the spices and odours of a good name , and entombed in the grave of the Holy Jesus where we shall be dressed for a blessed resurrection to the state of Angels and beatified Spirits . 5. Since we stay not here , being people but of a dayes abode , and our age is like that of a flie , and contemporary with a gourd , we must look some where else for an abiding city , a place in another countrey to fix our house in , whose walls and foundation is God , where we must finde rest , or else be restlesse for ever . For whatsoever ease we can have or fancy here is shortly to be changed into sadnesse , or tediousnesse : it goes away too soon like the periods of our life ; or stayes too long , like the sorrows of a sinner : it s own wearinesse or a contrary disturbance is its load ; or it is eased by its revolution into vanity & forgetfulness ; and where either there is sorrow or an end of joy , there can be no true felicity : which because it must be had by some instrument , and in some period of our duration , we must carry up our affections to the mansions prepared for us above , where eternity is the measure , felicity is their state , Angels are the Company , the Lamb is the light , and God is the portion , and inheritance . SECT . III. Rules and Spiritual arts of lengthening our dayes , and to take off the objection of a short life . IN the accounts of a mans life we do not reckon that portion of dayes in which we are shut up in the prison of the womb : we tell our years from the day of our birth : and the same reason that makes our reckning to stay so long , sayes also that then it begins too soon . For then we are beholding to others to make the account for us : for we know not of a long time , whether we be alive or no , having but some little approaches and symptoms of a life . To feed , and sleep , and move a little , and imperfectly , is the state of an unborn childe ; and when it is born , he does no more for a good while ; and what is it that shall make him to be esteemed to live the life of a man ? and when shall that account begin ? For we should be loath to have the accounts of our age taken by the measures of a beast : and fools and distracted persons are reckoned as civilly dead ; they are no parts of the Common-wealth , not subject to laws , but secured by them in Charity , and kept from violence as a man keeps his Ox ; and a third part of our life is spent , before we enter into a higher order , into the state of a man. 2. Neither must we think , that the life of a Man begins when he can feed himself or walk alone , when he can fight , or beget his like ; for so he is contemporary with a camel , or a cow ; but he is first a man when he comes to a certain , steddy use of reason , according to his proportion , and when that is , all the world of men cannot tell precisely . Some are called at age , at fourteen , some at one and twenty , some never ; but all men , late enough ; for the life of a man comes upon him slowly and insensibly . But as when the Sun approaches towards the gates of the morning , he first opens a little eye of Heaven , and sends away the spirits of darknesse , and gives light to a cock , and calls up the lark to Mattins , and by and by gilds the fringes of a cloud and peeps over the Eastern hills , thrusting out his golden horns , like those which decked the browes of Moses when he was forced to wear a vail , because himself had seen the face of God ; and still while a man tells the story , the sun gets up higher , till he showes a fair face and a full light , and then he shines one whole day , under a cloud often , and sometimes weeping great and little showers , and sets quickly : so is a mans reason and his life . He first begins to perceive himself to see or taste , making little reflections upon his actions of sense , and can discourse of flies and dogs , shells and play , horses and liberty ; but when he is strong enough to enter into arts and little institutions , he is at first entertained with trifles and impertinent things , not because he needs them , but because his understanding is no bigger ; and little images of things are laid before him , like a cock-boat to a whale onely to play withall : but before a man comes to be wise he is half dead with gouts and consumptions , with Catarrhes and aches , with sore eyes , and a worn out body : so that if we must not reckon the life of a man but by the accounts of his reason , he is long before his soul be dressed ; and he is not to be called a man without a wise and an adorned soul , a soul at least furnished with what is necessary towards his well being ; but by that time his soul is thus furnished , his body is decayed ; and then you can hardly reckon him to be alive , when his body is possessed by so many degrees of death . 3. But there is yet another arrest . At first he wants strength of body , and then he wants the use of reason ; and when that is come , it is ten to one , but he stops by the impediments of vice , and wants the strengths of the spirit ; and we know that Body and Soul and Spirit are the constituent parts of every Christian man. And now let us consider , what that thing is , which we call years of discretion ? The young man is passed his Tutors , and arrived at the bondage of a caytive spirit ; he is run from discipline , and is let loose to passion ; the man by this time hath wit enough to chuse his vice , to act his lust , to court his Mistresse , to talk confidently , and ignorantly , and perpetually , to despise his betters , to deny nothing to his appetite , to do things , that when he is indeed a man he must for ever be ashamed of ; for this is all the discretion that most men show in the first stage of their Manhood ; they can discern good from evil ; and they prove their skill by leaving all that is good , and wallowing in the evils of folly , and an unbridled appetite . And by this time , the young man hath contracted vitious habits , and is a beast in manners , and therefore it will not be fitting to reckon the beginning of his life ; he is a fool in his understanding , and that is a sad death ; and he is dead in trespasses and sins , and that is a sadder : so that he hath no life but a natural , the life of a beast or a tree ; in all other capacities he is dead ; he neither hath the intellectual , nor the spiritual life , neither the life of a man , nor of a Christian ; and this sad truth lasts too long . For old age seizes upon most men while they still retain the minds of boyes and vitious youth , doing actions from principles of great folly , and a mighty ignorance , admiring things uselesse and hurtfull , and filling up all the dimensions of their abode with businesses of empty affairs , being at leasure to attend no vertue : they cannot pray , because they are busie , and because they are passionate : they cannot communicate because they have quarrels and intrigues of perplexed causes , complicated hostilities , and things of the world ; and therefore they cannot attend to the things of God , little considering , that they must find a time to die in ; when death comes , they must be at leisure for that . Such men are like Sailers loosing from a port , and tost immediatly with a perpetual tempest lasting till their cordage crack , and either they sink , or return back again to the same place : they did not make a voyage , though they were long at sea . The businesse and impertinent affairs of most men , steal all their time , and they are restlesse in a foolish motion ; but this is not the progress of a man ; he is no further advanc'd in the course of a life though he reckon many years : for still his soul is childish , and trifling like an untaught boy . If the parts of this sad complaint finde their remedy , we have by the same instruments also cured the evils and the vanity of a short life . Therefore , 1. Be infinitely curious you doe not set back your life in the accounts of God by the intermingling of criminal actions , or the contracting vitious habits . There are some vices which carry a sword in their hand and cut a man off before his time . There is a sword of the Lord , and there is a sword of a Man ; and there is a sword of the Devil . Every vice of our own managing in the matter of carnality , of lust , or rage , ambition or revenge is a sword of Sathan put into the hands of a man : These are the destroying Angels , sin is the Apollyon , the destroyer that is gone out , not from the Lord , but from the Tempter ; and we hug the poison , and twist willingly with the vipers , till they bring us into the Regions of an irrecoverable sorrow . We use to reckon persons as good as dead if they have lost their limbs and their teeth , and are confined to an Hospital , and converse with none but Surgeons and Physicians , Mourners and Divines , those pollinctores , the Dressers of bodies and souls to Funeral : But it is worse when the soul , the principle of life is imployed wholly in the offices of death : and that man was worse then dead of whom Seneca tells , that being a rich fool , when he was lifted up from the baths and set into a soft couch , asked his slaves An ego jam sedeo ? Do I now sit . The beast was so drownd in sensuality and the death of his soul , that whether he did sit or no , he was to believe another . Idlenesse and every vice is as much of death as a long disease is , or the expence of ten years : and she that lives in pleasures is dead while she liveth ( saith the Apostle ) , and it is the stile of the Spirit concerning wicked persons , They are dead in trespasses and sins . For as every sensual pleasure and every day of idlenes and useless living lops off a little branch from our short life ; so every deadly sin and every habitual vice does quite destroy us : but innocence leaves us in our natural portions , and perfect period ; we lose nothing of our life , if we lose nothing of our souls health ; and therefore he that would live a full age must avoid a sin , as he would decline the Regions of death , & the dishonors of the grave . 2. If we would have our life lengthened , let us begin b●times to live in the accounts of reason and sober counsels , of religion and the Spirit , and then we shall have no reason to complain that our abode on earth is so short : Many men finde it long enough , and indeed it is so to all senses . But when we spend in waste , what God hath given us in plenty , when we sacrifice our youth to folly , our manhood to lust and rage , our old age to covetousnesse and irreligion , not beginning to live till we are to die , designing that time to Vertue which indeed is infirm to every thing and profit●ble to nothing , then we make our lives short , and lust runs away with all the vigorous and healthful part of it ; and pride and animosity steal the manly portion , and craftinesse and interest possesse old age ; velut ex pleno & abundanti perdimus ; we spend as if we had too much time , and knew not what to do with it : We fear every thing like weak and silly mortals ; and desire strangely and greedily as if we were immortal : we complain our life is short , and yet we throw away much of it , and are weary of many of its parts : We complain the day is long , and the night is long , and we want company , and seek out arts to drive the time away , and then weep because it is gone too soon . But so the treasure of the Capitol is but a small ●state when Caesar comes to finger it , and to pay with it all his Legions ; and the Revenue of all Egypt and the Eastern provinces was but a little summe when they were to support the luxury of Marc. Antony , and feed the riot of Cleopatra : But a thousand crowns is a vast proportion to be spent in the cottage of a frugal person , or to feed a Hermit . Just so is our life ; it is too short to serve the ambition of a haughty Prince , or an usurping Rebel : too little time to purchase great wealth , to satisfie the pride of a vain-glorious fool , to trample upon all the enemies of our just , or unjust interest ; but for the obtaining vertue ; for the purchase of sobriety and modesty , for the actions of Religion God gave us time sufficient , if we make the outgoings of the Morning and Evening , that is , our infancy and old age to be t●ken into the computations of a man. Which we may see in the following particulars . 1. If our childhood being first consecrated by a forward baptisme , it be seconded by a holy education , and a complying obedience ; If our youth be chast and temperate , modest and industrious , proceeding through a prudent and sober Manhood to a Religious old age , then we have lived our whole duration , and shall never die , but be changed in a just time to the preparations of a better , and an immortal life . 2. If besides the ordinary returns of our prayers and periodical and festival solemnities , and our seldom communions we would allow to religion & the studies of wisdom , those great shares that are trifled away upon vain sorrow , foolish mirth , troublesome ambition , buisy covetousnesse , watchful lust , and impertinent amours , and balls and revellings and banquets , all that which was spent vitiously & all that time that lay fallow & without imployment , our life would quickly amount to a great sum . Tostatus Abulensis was a very painful person and a great Cleark , and in the dayes of his manhood he wrote so many books , and they not ill ones , that the world computed a sheet for every day of his life ; I suppose they meant , after he came to the use of reason , and the state of a man : and Iohn Scotus died about the two and thirtieth year of his age ; and yet besides his publike disputations , his dayly Lectures of Divinity in publike and private , the Books that he wrote being lately collected and printed at Lyons do equal the number of volumes of any two the most voluminous Fathers of the Latine Church . Every man is not inabled to such imployments , but every man is called and inabled to the works of a sober and a religious life ; and there are many Saints of God that can reckon as many volumes of religion and mountains of piety , as those others did of good books . S. Ambrose ( and I think from his example , S. Augustine ) divided every day into three tertia's of imployment : eight hours he spent in the necessities of nature and recreation , eight hours in charity and doing assistance to others , dispatching their bu●sinesses , reconciling their enmities , reproving their vices , correcting their errors , instructing their ignorances , transacting the affairs of his Diocesse , and the other eight hours he spent in study and prayer . If we were thus minute and curious in the spending our time , it is impossible but our life would seem very long . For so have I seen an amorous person tell the minutes of his absence from his fancied joy , and while he told the sands of his hour-glasse , or the throbs and little beatings of his watch , by dividing an hour into so many members , he spun out its length by number , and so translated a day into the tediousnesse of a moneth . And if we tell our dayes by Canonical hours of prayer , our weeks by a constant revolution of fasting dayes , or dayes of special devotion , and over all these draw a black Cypresse a veil of penitential sorrow , and severe mortification , we shall soon answer the calumny and objection of a short life . He that governs the day and divides the hours hastens from the eyes and observation of a merry sinner ; but loves so stand still , and behold , and tell the sighs , and number the groans , and sadly delicious accents of a grieved penitent . It is a vast work that any man may do if he never be idle ; and it is a huge way that a man may go in vertue if he never goes out of his way by a vitious habit , or a great crime , and he that perpetually reads good books , if his parts be answerable , will have a huge stock of knowledge . It is so in all things else . Strive not to forget your time , and suffer none of it to passe undiscerned , and then measure your life , and tell me how you finde the measure of its abode . However , the time we live , is worth the money we pay for it : and therefore it is not to be thrown away . 3. When vitious men are dying , and scar'd with the affrighting truths of an evil conscience , they would give all the world for a year , for a moneth ; nay we read of some that called out with amazement inducias usque ad mane , truce but till the morning : and if that year , or some few moneths were given , those men think they could do miracles in it . And let us a while suppose what Dives would have done if he had been loosed from the pains of hell and permitted to live on earth one year . Would all the pleasures of the world have kept him one hour from the Temple ? would he not perpetually have been under the hands of Priests , or at the feet of the Doctors , or by Moses chair , or attending as neer the Altar as he could get , or relieving poor Lazars , or praying to God , and crucifying all his sin ? I have read of a Melancholy person who saw hell but in a dream or vision , and the amazement was such that he would have chosen ten times to die , rather then feel again so much of that horror : and such a person cannot be fancied but that he would spend a year in such holinesse , that the religion of a few moneths would equal the devotion of many years , even of a good man. Let us but compute the proportions . If we should spend all our years of reason so as such a person would spend that one , can it be thought that life would be short and trifling in which he had performed such a religion , served God with so much holinesse , mortified sin with so great a labour , purchased vertue at such a rate , and so rare an industry ? It must needs be that such a man must dye when he ought to die , and be like ripe and pleasant fruit falling from a fair tree and gathered into baske●s for the planters use : He that hath done ●ll his businesse , and is begotten to a glorious hope by the seed of an immortal Spirit , can never die too soon , nor live too long . Xerxes wept sadly when he saw his army of 2300000 men , because he considered that within a hundred years all the youth of that army should be dust and ashes : and yet as Seneca well observes of him , he was the man that should bring them to their graves ; and he consumed all that army in two years , for whom he feared , and wept the death after an hundred . Just so we do all . We complain that within thirty or fourty years , a little more , or a great deal lesse we shall descend again into the bowels of our Mother , and that our life is too short for any great imployment ; and yet we throw away five and ●hirty yeers of our fourty , and the remaining five we divide between art and nature , civility and customs , necessity and convenience , prudent counsels and religion ; but the portion of the last , is little and contemptible , and yet that little is all that we can prudently account of our lives : We bring that fate and that death neer us , of whose approach we are so sadly apprehensive . 4. In taking the accounts of your life do not reckon by great distances , and by the periods of pleasure , or the satisfaction of your hopes , or the stating your desires : but let every intermedial day and hour passe with observation . He that reckons he hath lived but so many harvests , thinks , they come not often enough , and that they go away too soon . Some lose the day with longing for the night , and the night in waiting for the day . Hope and phantastic expectations spend much of our lives ; and while with passion we look for a coronation , or the death of an enemy , or a day of joy , passing from fancy to possession without any intermedial notices , we throw away a precious year , and use it but as the burden of our time , fit to be pared off , and thrown away , that we may come at those little pleasures which first steal our hearts , and then steal our life . 5. A strict course of piety is the way to prolong our lives in the natural sense , and to adde good portions to the number of our years ; and sin is sometimes by natural causality , very often by the anger of God , and the Divine judgement , a cause of sudden and untimely death . Concerning which I shall adde nothing ( to what I have some where else * said of this article ) but onely the observation of Epiphanius : that for 3332 years , even to the twentieth age , there was not one example of a son that died before his Father , but the course of Nature was kept , that he who was first born in the descending line did first die ( I speak of natural death , and therefore Abel cannot be opposed to this observation ) till that Terah the Father of Abraham taught the people a new religion , to make images of clay and worship them ; and concerning him it was first remarked , that Haran died before his Father Terah in the land of his Nativity : God by an unheard of judgement , and a rare accident punishing his newly invented crime : by the untimely death of his son . 6. But if I shall describe a living man ; a man that hath that life that distinguishes him from a fool or a bird , that which gives him a capacity next to Angels ; we shall finde that even a good man lives not long , because it is long before he is born to this life , and longer yet before he hath a mans growth . He that can look upon death , and see its face with the same countenance with which he hears its story ; that can endure all the labours of his life with his soul supporting his body ; that can equally despise riches when he hath them , and when he hath them not ; that is not sadder if they lye in his Neighbours trunks , nor more brag if they shine round about his own walls ; he that is neither moved with good fortune coming to him , nor going from him ; that can look upon another mans lands evenly and pleasedly as if they were his own ; and yet look upon his own , and use them too , just as if they were another mans ; that neither spends his goods prodigally , and like a fool , nor yet keeps them avaritiously and like a wretch ; that weighs not benefits by weight and number , but by the mind & circumstances of him that gives them ; that never thinks his charity expensive if a worthy person be the receiver ; he that does nothing for opinion sake , but every thing for conscience , being as curious of his thoughts , as of his actings in markets and Theaters , and is as much in awe of himself , as of a whole assembly ; he that knowes God looks on , and contrives his secret affairs as in the presence of God and his holy Angels ; that eats and drinks because he needs it , not that he may serve a lust or load his belly ; he that is bountifull and cheerfull to his friends , and charitable and apt to forgive his enemies ; that loves his countrey and obeyes his Prince , and desires and endeavours nothing more then that he may do honour to God , this person may reckon his life , to be the life of a man , and compute his moneths , not by the course of the sun , but the Zodiac and circle of his vertues : because these are such things which fools and children , and birds and beasts cannot have : These are therefore the actions of life , because they are the feeds of immortality . That day in which we have done some excellent thing , we may as truly reckon to be added to our life , as were the fifteen years to the dayes of Hezekiah . SECT . IV. Consideration of the miseries of Mans life . AS our life is very short so it is very miserable , and therefore it is well it is short : God in pity to mankinde , lest his burden should be insupportable and his nature an intolerable load , hath reduced our state of misery to an abbreviature ; and the greate● our misery is , the lesse while it is like to last ; the sorrows of a mans spirit being like ponderous weights which by the greatnesse of their burden make a swifter motion and descend into the grave to rest and ease our wearied limbs ; for then onely we shall sleep quietly when those fetters are knocked off which not onely bound our souls in prison , but also eat the flesh till the very bones open'd the secret garments of their cartilages , discovering their nakednesse and sorrow . 1. Here is no place to sit down in , but you must rise as soon as you are set : for we have gnats in our chambers , and worms in our gardens , and spiders and flies in the palaces of the greatest Kings . How few men in the world are prosperous ? what an infinite number of slaves and beggers , of persecuted and oppressed people fill all corners of the earth with groans , and Heaven it self with weeping prayers , and sad remembrances ? how many Provinces and Kingdoms are afflicted by a violent war , or made desolate by popular diseases ? some whole countreyes are remarked with fatal evils , or periodical sicknesses . Gran Cairo in Egypt feels the plague every three years , returning like a Quartan ague , and destroying many thousands of persons . All the inhabitants of Arabia the desert are in continuall fear of being buried in huge heaps of sand , and therefore dwell in tents and ambu●atory houses or retire to unfruitful mountains to prolong an uneasy and wilder life : and all the Countreyes round about the Adriatic sea feel such violent convulsions by Tempests and intolerable Earthquakes , that sometimes whole cities finde a Tombe , and every man ●inks with his own house made ready to become his Monument , and his bed is crushed into the disorders of a grave . Was not all the world drowned at one deluge , and breach of the Divine anger ? and shall not all the world * again be destroyed by fire ? Are there not many thousands that die every night , and that groan and weep sadly every day ? But what shall we think of that great evil , which for the sins of men , God hath suffered to possess the greatest part of Mankinde ? Most of the men that are now alive , or that have been living for many ages , are Jews , Heathens , or Turcs : and God was pleased to suffer a base Epileptic person , a villain and a vitious to set up a religion which hath filled almost all Asia , and Africa , and some parts of Europe ; so that the greatest number of men and women born in so many kingdoms and provinces are infallibly made Mahumetans , strangers and enemies to Christ , by whom alone we can be saved . This consideration is extremely sad , when we remember how universal , and how great an evil it is , that so many millions of sons and daughters are born to enter into the possession of Devils to eternal ages . These evils are the miseries of great parts of mankinde , and we cannot easily consider more particularly , the evils which happen to us , being the inseparable affections , or incidents to the whole nature of man. 2. We finde that all the women in the world are either born for barrennesse or the pains of Child-birth , and yet this is one of our greatest blessings ; but such indeed are the blessings of this world : we cannot be well with , nor without many things . Perfumes make our heads ake , roses prick our fingers , and in our very blood where our life dwells is the Scene under which nature acts many sharp Feavers and heavy sicknesses . It were too sad if I should tell how many persons are afflicted with evil spirits , with spectres and illusions of the night ; and that huge multitudes of men and women live upon mans flesh : Nay worse yet , upon the sins of men , upon the sins of their sons and of their daughters , and they pay their souls down for the bread they eat , buying this dayes meal with the price of the last nights sin . 3. Or if you please in charity to visit an Hospital , which is indeed a map of the whole world , there you shall see the effects of Adams sin and the ruines of humane nature , bodies laid up in heaps like the bones of a destroyed town , homines precarii spiritus , & malè haerentis , men whose souls seem to be borrowed , and are kept there by art and the force of Medicine ; whose miseries are so great , that few people have charity or humanity enough to visit them , fewer have the heart to dresse them , and we pity them in civility or with a transient prayer , but we do not feel their sorrows by the mercies of a religious pity , and therefore as we leave their sorrows in many degrees unrelieved and uneased , so we contract by our unmercifulnesse a guilt by which our selves become liable to the same calamities . Those many that need pity , and those infinites of people that refuse to pity are miserable upon a several charge , but yet they almost make up all mankinde . 4. All wicked men are in love with that which intangles them in huge variety of troubles , they are slaves to the worst of Masters , to sin and to the Devil , to a passion , and to an imperious woman . Good men are for ever persecuted , and God chastises every son whom he receives , and whatsoever is easy is trifling and worth nothing , and whatsoever is excellent is not to be obtained without labour and sorrow ; and the conditions and states of men that are free from great cares , are such as have in them nothing rich and orderly , and those that have are stuck full of thorns and trouble . Kings are full of care ; and learned men * in all ages have been observed to be very poor , & honestas miserias accusant ; they complain of their honest miseries . 5. But these evils are notorious and confessed ; even they also whose felicity men stare at and admire , besides their splendour and the sharpnesse of their light , will with their appendant sorrows wring a tear from the most resolved eye . For not only the winter quarter is full of storms and cold and darknesse , but the beauteous spring hath blasts and sharp frosts , the fruitful teeming summer is melted with heat , and burnt with the kisses of the sun her friend , and choaked with dust , and the rich Autumn is full of sicknesse , and we are weary of that which we enjoy , because sorrow is its biggest portion : and when we remember that upon the fairest face is placed one of the worst sinks of the body , the nose , we may use it , not only as a mortification to the pride of beauty , but as an allay to the fairest outside of condition which any of the sons and daughters of Adam do possesse . For look upon Kings and conquerours : I will not tell that many of them fall into the condition of servants , and their subjects rule over them , and stand upon the ruines of their families , and that to such persons , the sorrow is bigger then usually happens in smaller fortunes : but let us suppose them still conquerers , and see what a goodly purchase they get by all their pains and amazing fears , and continual dangers . They carry their arms beyond Ister , and passe the Euphrates , and binde the Germans with the bounds of the river Rhyne : I speak in the stile of the Roman greatnesse : for now adayes , the biggest fortune swells not beyond the limits of a petty province or two , and a hill confines the progresse of their prosperity , or a river checks it : But whatsoever tempts the pride and vanity of ambitious persons is not so big as the smallest star which we see scattered in disorder , and unregarded upon the pavement and floor of Heaven . And if we would suppose the pismires had but our understandings , they also would have the method of a Mans greatnesse , and divide their little Mole-hils into Provinces and Exarchats : and if they also grew as vitious and as miserable , one of their princes would lead an army out , and kill his neighbour Ants that he might reign over the next handfull of a Turse . But then if we consider at what price , and with what felicity all this is purchased , the s●ing of the painted snake will quickly appear , and the fairest of their fortunes will properly enter into this account of humane infelicities . We may guesse at it by the constitution of Augustus fortune ; who strugled for his power , first with the Roman Citizens , then with Brutus and Cassius and all the fortune of the Republike ; then with his Collegue Marc. Anthony ; then with his kinred and neerest Relatives ; and after he was wearied with slaughter of the Romans , before he could sit down and rest in his imperial chair he was forced to carry armies into Macedonia , Galatia , beyond Euphrates , Rhyne , and Danubius : And when he dwelt at home in greatnesse and within the circles of a mighty power , he hardly escaped the sword of the Egnatii , of Lepidus , Caepio , and Muraena : and after he had entirely reduced the felicity and Grandeur into his own family , his Daughter , his onely childe conspired with many of the young Nobility , and being joyned with adulterous complications as with an impious sacrament they affrighted and destroyed the fortune of the old man , and wrought him more sorrow then all the troubles that were hatched in the baths and beds of Egypt , between Anthony and Cleopatra . This was the greatest fortune that the world had then , or ever since , and therefore we cannot expect it to be better in a lesse prosperity . 6. The prosperity of this world is so infinitely sowred with the overflowing of evils , that he is counted the most happy who hath the fewest ; all conditions being evil and miserable , they are onely distinguished by the Number of calamities . The Collector of the Roman and forreign examples , when he had reckoned two and twenty instances of great fortunes every one of which had been allayed with great variety of evils ; in all his reading or experience he could tell but of two who had been famed for an intire prosperity ; Quintus Metellus , and Gyges the King of Lydia ; and yet concerning the one of them he tells that his felicity was so inconsiderable ( and yet it was the bigger of the two ) that the Oracle said that Aglaus Sophidius the poor Arcadian Shepherd was more happy then he , that is , he had fewer troubles ; for so indeed we are to reckon the pleasures of this life ; the limit of our joy is the absence of some degrees of sorrow , and he that hath the least of this , is the most prosperous person . But then we must look for prosperity , not in Palaces or Courts of Princes , not in the tents of Conquerers , or in the gaieties of fortunate and prevailing sinners ; but something rather in the Cottages of honest innocent and contented persons , whose minde is no bigger then their fortune , nor their vertue lesse then their security . As for others whose fortune looks bigger , and allures fools to follow it like the wand●ing fires of the night , till they run into rivers or are broken upon rocks with staring and running after them , they are all in the condition of Marius , then whose condition nothing was more constant , and nothing more mutable ; if we reckon them amongst the happy , they are the most happy men , if we reckon them amongst the miserable , they are the most miserable . For just as is a mans condition , great or little , so is the state of his misery ; All have their share ; but Kings and Princes , great Generals and Consuls , Rich men and Mighty , as they have the biggest businesse and the biggest charge , and are answerable to God for the greatest accounts , so they have the biggest trouble ; that the uneasinesse of their appendage may divide the good and evil of the world , making the poor mans fortune as eligible as the Greatest ; and also restraining the vanity of mans spirit which a great Fortune is apt to swell from a vapour to a bubble ; but God in mercy hath mingled wormwood with their wine , and so restrained the drunkennesse and follies of prosperity . 7. Man never hath one day to himself of entire peace from the things of this world , but either somthing troubles him , or nothing satisfies him , or his very fulnesse swells him and makes him breath short upon his bed . Mens joyes are troublesome , and besides that the fear of losing them takes away the present pleasure ( and a man had need of another felicity to preserve this ) they are also wavering and full of trepidation , not onely from their inconstant nature , but from their weak foundation : They arise from vanity , and they dwell upon ice , and they converse with the winde , and they have the wings of a bird , and are serious but as the resolutions of a childe , commenced by chance , and managed by folly and proceed by inadvertency , and end in vanity and forgetfulnesse . So that as Livius Drusus said of himself , he never had any play dayes , or dayes of quiet when he was a boy , for he was troublesome and busie , a restlesse and unquiet man , the same may every man observe to be true of himself : he is alwayes restlesse and uneasy , he dwells upon the waters and leans upon thorns , and layes his head upon a sharp stone . SECT . V. This Consideration reduced to practice . 1. THe effect of this consideration is this ▪ That the sadnesses of this life help to sweeten the bitter cup of Death . For let our life be never so long , if our strength were great as that of oxen and camels ; if our sinews were strong as the cordage at the foot of an Oke , if we were as fighting and prosperous people as Siccius Dentatus , who was on the prevailing side in 120 battels , who had 312 publike rewards assigned him by his Generals and Princes for his valour , and conduct in sieges and short encounters , and besides all this had his share in nine triumphs , yet still the period shall be , that all this shall end in death , and the people shall talk of us a while , good or bad , according as we deserve , or as they please ; and once it shall come to passe , that concerning every one of us it shall be told in the Neighbourhood that we are dead . This we are apt to think a sad story ; but therefore let us help it with a sadder ; For we therefore need not be much troubled that we shall die , because we are not here in ease , nor do we dwell in a fair condition . But our dayes are full of sorrow and anguish , dishonoured and made unhappy with many sins , with a frail and a foolish spirit , intangled with difficult cases of conscience , ins●ared with passions , amazed with fears , full of cares , divided with curiosities and contradictory interests , made aëry and impertinent with vanities , abused with ignorance and prodigious errours , made ridiculous with a thousand weaknesses , worne away with labours , loaden with diseases , daily vexed with dangers and temptations , and in love with misery ; we are weakned with delights , afflicted with want , with the evils of my self , and of all my family , and with the sadnesses of all my friends , and of all good men , even of the whole Church ; and therefore me thinks we need not be troubled that God is pleased to put an end to all these troubles , and to let them sit down in a natural period , which if we please , may be to us the beginning of a better life . When the Prince of Persia wept because his army should all die in the revolution of an age , Artabanus told him , that they should all meet with evils so many and so great , that every man of them should wish himself dead long before that . Indeed it were a sad thing to be cut of the stone ; and we that are in health tremble to think of it ; but the man that is wearied with the disease , looks upon that sharpnesse as upon his cure and remedie : and as none need to have a tooth drawn , so none could well endure it , but he that hath felt the pain of it in his head : so is our life so full of evils , that therefore death is no evil to them that have felt the smart of this , or hope for the joyes of a better . 2. But as it helps to ease a certain sorrow , as a fire drawes out fire , and a nail drives forth a nail ; so it instructs us in a present duty ; that is ; that we should not be so fond of a perpetual storm , nor doat upon the transient gaudes and gilded thorns of this world . They are not worth a passion , not worth a sigh or a groan , not of the price of one nights watching ; and therefore they are mistaken and miserable persons who since Adam planted thorns round about Paradise , are more in love with that hedge , then all the fruits of the garden , sottish admirers of things that hurt them , of sweet poisons , gilded daggers and silken halters . Tell them they have lost a bounteous friend , a rich purchase , a fair farm , a wealthy donative , and you dissolve their patience ; it is an evil bigger then their spirit can bear , it brings sicknesse and death , they can neither eate nor sleep with such a sorrow . But if you represent to them the evils of a vitious habit , and the dangers of a state of sin ; if you tell them they have displeased God , and interrupted their hopes of heaven , it may be they will be so civil as to hear it patiently , and to treat you kindly , and first commend , and then to forget your story , because they prefer this world with all its sorrowes , before the pure unmingled felicities of heaven . But it is strange that any man should be so passionately in love with the thorns that grow on his own ground , that he should wear them for armelets , and knit them in his shirt , and prefer them before a kingdom and immortality . No man loves this world the better for his being poor ; but men that love it , because they have great possessions , love it because it is troublesome and chargeable , full of noise and temptation ; because it is unsafe and ungoverned , flattered and abused : and he that considers the troubles of an overlong garment , and of a crammed stomach , a trailing gown and a loaden Table , may justly understand that all that for which men are so passionate , is their hurt and their objection , that which a temperate man would avoid , and a wise man cannot love . He that is no fool , but can consider wisely ; if he be in love with this world ; we need not despair but that a witty man might reconcile him with tortures , and make him think charitably of the Rack , and be brought to dwell with Vipers and Dragons , and entertain his Guests with the shrikes of Mandrakes , Cats and Scrich Owls , with the filing of iron , and the harshnesse of rending silk ; or to admire the harmony that is made by a herd of Evening wolves when they misse their draught of blood in their midnight Revels . The groans of a man in a fit of the stone are worse then all these ; and the distractions of a troubled conscience are worse then those groans ; and yet a carelesse merry sinner is worse then all that . But if we could from one of the battlements of Heaven espie how many men and women at this time lye fainting and dying for want of bread , how many young men are hewen down by the sword of war ; how many poor Orphans are now weeping over the graves of their Father , by whose life they were enabled to eat . If we could but hear how many Mariners , and Passengers are at this present in a storm , and shrike out because their keel dashes against a Rock , or bulges under them ; how many people there are that weep with want , and are mad with oppression , or are desperate by too quick a sense of a constant infelicity , in all reason we should be glad to be out of the noise and participation of so many evils . This is a place of sorrows and tears , of great evils and a constant calamity ; let us remove from hence , at least in affections and preparation of minde . CHAP. II. A general preparation towards a holy and blessed Death : by way of exercise . SECT . I. Three precepts preparatory to a holy death , to be practised in our whole life . 1. HE that would die well must alwayes loook for death , every day knocking at the gates of the grave , and then the gates of the grave shall never prevail upon him to do him mischief . This was the advice of all the wise and good men of the world ; who especially in the dayes and periods of their joy and festival egressions chose to throw some ashes into their chalices , some sober remembrances of their fatal period . Such was the black shirt of Saladine , the tomb-stone presented to the Emperour of Constantinople on his Coronation day ; the Bishop of Romes two reeds with flax and wax taper , the Egyptian skeleton served up at feasts , and Trimalcions banquet in Petronius , in which was brought in the image of a dead mans bones of silver with spondiles exactly turning to every of the Guests , and saying to every one , that you , and you must die , and look not one upon another , for every one is equally concerned in this sad representment . These in phantastic semblances declare a severe counsel and useful meditation ; and it is not easy for a man to be gay in his imagination , or to be drunk with joy or wine , pride or revenge , who considers sadly that he must ere long dwell in a house of darknesse and dishonour , and his bodie must be the inheritance of worms , and his soul must be what he pleases , even as a man makes it here by his living good or bad . I have read of a young Hermit who being passionately in love with a young Lady could not by all the arts of religion and mortification suppresse the trouble of that fancy , till at last being told that she was dead and had been buried about fourteen dayes , he went secretly to her Vault , and with the skirt of his mantle wiped the moisture from the Carkasse , and still at the return of his temptation laid it before him , saying , Behold this is the beauty of the woman thou didst so much desire ; and so the man found his cure . And if we make death as present to us , our own death , dwelling and dressed in all its pomp of fancy and proper circumstances , if any thing will quench the heats of lust , or the desires of money , or the greedy passionate affections of this world , this must do it . But withall , the frequent use of this meditation , by curing our present inordinations will make death safe and friendly , and by its very custom will make that the King of terrours shall come to us without his affrighting dresses ; and that we shall sit down in the grave as we compose our selves to sleep , and do the duties of nature and choice . The old people that lived neer the Riphaean mountains , were taught to converse with death , and to handle it on all sides and to discourse of it , as of a thing that will certainly come , and ought so to do . Thence their minds and resolutions became capable of death , and they thought it a dishonourable thing , with greedinesse to keep a life that must go from us , to lay aside its thorns , and to return again circled with a glory and a Diadem . 2. He that would die well must all the dayes of his life lay up against the day of death , not only by the general provisions of holinesse and a pious life indefinitely , but , provisions proper to the necessities of that great day of expence , in which a man is to throw his last cast for an eternity of joyes or sorrows ; ever remembring , that this alone well performed is not enough to passe us into Paradise , but that alone done foolishly is enough to send us to hell ; and the want of either a holy life , or death , makes a man to fall short of the mighty price of our high calling . In order to this rule we are to consider what special graces we shall then need to exercise , and by the proper arts of the Spirit , by a heap of proportioned arguments , by prayers , and a great treasure of devotion laid up in Heaven , provide before hand a reserve of strength and mercy . Men in the course of their lives walk lazily and incuriously as if they had both their feet in one shoe , and when they are passively revolved to the time of their dissolution they have no mercies in store , no patience , no faith , no charity to God , or despite of the world , being without gust or appetite for the land of their inheritance , which Christ with so much pain and blood had purchased for them . When we come to die indeed , we shall be very much put to it to stand firm upon the two feet of a Christian , faith and patience . When we our selves are to use the articles , to turn our former discourses into present practise , and to feel what we never felt before , we shall finde it to be quite another thing to be willing presently to quit this life , and all our present possessions for the hopes of a thing which we were never suffered to see , and such a thing of which we may sail so many wayes , and of which if we fail any way we are miserable for ever . Then we shall finde how much we have need to have secured the Spirit of God , and the grace of saith by an habitual , perfect unmovable resolution . * The same also is the case of patience , which will be assaulted with sharp pains , disturbed fancies , great fears , want of a present minde , natural weaknesses , frauds of the Devil , and a thousand accidents and imperfections . It concerns us therfore highly in the whole course of our lives , not onely to accustome our selves to a patient suffering of injuries and affronts , of persecutions and losses , of crosse accidents and unnecessary circumstances ; but also by representing death as present to us , to consider with what arguments then to fortifie our patience ; and by assiduous and fervent prayer to God , all our life long call upon God to give us patience , and great assistances , a strong faith and a confirmed hope , the Spirit of God , and his Holy Angels assistants at that time , to resist and to subdue the devils temptations and assaults ; and so to fortifie our hearts that it break not into intolerable sorrows and impatience , and end in wretchlessenesse and infidelity . * But this is to be the work of our life , and not to be done at once ; but as God gives us time by succession , by parts and little periods . For it is very remarkable that God who giveth plenteously to all creatures , he hath scattered the firmament with stars as a man sowes corn in his fields , in a multitude bigger then the capacities of humane order ; he hath made so much varietie of creatures , and gives us great choice of meats and drinks , although any one of both kindes would have served our needs ; and so in all instances of nature ; yet in the distribution of our time , God seems to be strait-handed , and gives it to us , not as Nature gives us Rivers , enough to drown us , but drop by drop , minute after minute , so that we never can have two minutes together , but he takes away one when he gives us another . This should teach us to value our time , since God so values it , and by his so small distribution of it , tells us , it is the most precious thing we have . Since therefore in the day of our death , we can have but still the same little portion of this precious time , let us in every minute of our life , I mean , in every discernable portion lay up such a stock of reason and good works , that they may convey a value to the imperfect and shorter actions of our death-bed ; while God rewards the piety of our lives by his gracious acceptation and benediction , upon the actions preparatory to our death-bed . 3. He that desires to die well and happily , above all things must be carefull , that he do not live a soft , a delicate and voluptuous life ; but a life severe , holy , and under the discipline of the crosse ; under the conduct of prudence and observation , a life of warfare and sober counsels , labour and watchfulnesse . No man wants cause of tears and a daily sorrow . Let every man consider what he feels and acknowledge his misery ; let him confesse his sin and chastise it ; let him bear his crosse patiently , and his persecutions nobly , and his repentances willingly and constantly ; let him pity the evils of all the world , and bear his share of the calamities of his Brother ; let him long and sigh for the joyes of Heaven ; let him tremble and fear because he hath deserved the pains of hell ; let him commute his eternall fear with a temporall suffering , preventing Gods judgement by passing one of his own ; let him groan for the labours of his pilgrimage , and the dangers of his warfare ; and by that time he hath summed up all these labours ; and duties , and contingencies , all the proper causes , instruments and acts of sorrow , he will finde , that for a secular joy and wantonnesse of spirit , there are not left many void spaces of his life . It was Saint Iames's advice ; Be afflicted , and mourn , and weep ; let your laughter be turned into mourning , and your joy into weeping : And Bonaventure in the life of Christ , reports that the H. Virgin Mother said to S. Elizabeth , That Grace does not descend into the soul of a man but by prayer and by affliction . Certain it is , that a mourning spirit , and an afflicted body are great instruments of reconciling God to a sinner , and they alwayes dwell at the gates of atonement and restitution . But besides this ; a delicate and prosperous life is hugely contrary to the hopes of a blessed eternity . Wo be to them that are at ease in Sion ; so it was said of old ; and our B. Lord said , Wo be to you that laugh , for you shall weep : but Blessed are they that mourn , for they shall be comforted . Here or hereafter we must have our portion of sorrows . He that now goeth on his way weeping and beareth forth good seed with him , shall doubtlesse come again with joy , and bring his sheaves with him . And certainly , he that sadly considers the portion of Dives , and remembers that the account which Abraham gave him for the unavoidablenesse of his torment , was because he had his good things in this life , must in all reason , with trembling run from a course of banquets , and faring deliciously every day , as being a dangerous estate , and a consignation to an evil greater then all danger , the pains and torment of unhappy souls . If either by patience or repentance , by compassion or persecution , by choise or by conformity , by severity or discipline , we allay the festival follies of a soft life , and professe under the Crosse of Christ , we shall more willingly and more safely enter into our grave : But the death-bed of a voluptuous man upbraids his little and cosening prosperities , and exacts pains made * sharper by the passing from soft beds , and a softer mind . He that would die holily and happily , must in this world love tears , humility , solitude and repentance . SECT . II. Of daily examination of our actions , in the whole course of our health , preparatory to our death-bed . HE that will die well and happily , must dresse his soul by a diligent and frequent scrutiny : He must perfectly understand , and watch the state of his soul ; he must set his house in order before he be fit to die . And for this there is great reason , and great necessity . Reasons for a daily examination . 1. For if we consider the disorders of every day , the multitude of impertinent words , the great portions of time spent in vanity , the daily omissions of duty , the coldnesse of our prayers , the indifference of our spirit in holy things , the uncertainty of our secret purposes , our infinite deceptions and hypocrisie , sometimes not known , very often not observed by our selves ; our want of charity , our not knowing in how many degrees of action and purpose every vertue is to be exercised , the secret adherencies of pride , and too forward complacencie in our best actions , our failings in all our relations , the niceties of difference between some vertues and some vices , the secret undiscernable passages from lawfull to unlawfull in the first instances of change , the perpetuall mistakings of permissions for duty , and licentious practises for permissions , our daily abusing the liberty that God gives us , our unsuspected sins in the managing a course of life certainly lawfull , our little greedinesses in eating , our surprises in the proportions of our drinkings , our too great freedoms and fondnesses in lawfull loves , our aptnesse for things sensual , and our deadnesse and tediousnesse of spirit in spiritual employments , besides infinite variety of cases of conscience that do occur in the life of every man , and in all entercourses of every life , and that the productions of sin are numerous and increasing , like the families of the Northern people , or the genealogies of the first Patriarks of the world ; from all this we shall find that the computations of a mans life are buisie as the Tables of Signes and Tangents , and intricate as the accounts of Eastern Merchants : and therefore it were but reason we should summe up our accounts at the foot of every page , I mean , that we call our selves to scrutiny every night when we compose our selves to the little images of Death . 2. For if we make but one Generall account , and never reckon till we die , either we shall onely reckon by great summes , and remember nothing but clamorous and crying sins , and never consider concerning particulars , or forget very many ; or if we could consider all that we ought , we must needs be confounded with the multitude and variety . But if we observe all the little passages of our life , and reduce them into the order of accounts and accusations , we shall finde them multiply so fast , that it will not onely appear to be an ease to the accounts of our death-bed , but by the instrument of shame will restrain the inundation of evils ; it being a thing intolerable to humane modesty to see sins increase so fast , and vertues grow up so slow ; to see every day stained with the spots of leprosie , or sprinkled with the marks of a lesser evil . 3. It is not intended , we should take accounts of our lives onely to be thought religious , but that we may see our evil and amend it , that we dash our sins against the stones , that we may go to God , and to a spirituall Guide , and search for remedies and apply them . And indeed no man can well observe his own groweth in Grace , but by accounting seldomer returns of sin , and a more frequent victory over temptations ; concerning which every man makes his observations according as he makes his inquiries and search after himself : In order to this it was , that Saint Paul wrote ; Before receiving the Holy Sacrament Let a man examine himself , and so let him eat . This precept was given in those dayes when they communicated every day , and therefore a daily examination also was intended . 4. And it will appear highly fitting , if we remember that at the day of judgement , no onely the greatest lines of life , but every branch and circumstance of every action , every word , and thought shall be called to scrutiny and severe judgement ; insomuch that it was a great truth which one said ; Wo be to the most Innocent life if God should search into it , without mixtures of mercy . And therefore we are here to follow S. Pauls advice ; Iudge your selves and you shall not be judged of the Lord. The way to prevent Gods anger is to be angry with our selves , and by examining our actions and condemning the Criminal , by being Assessors in Gods Tribunal , at least we shall obtain the favour of the Court. As therefore , every night we must make our bed the memoriall of our grave , so let our Evening thoughts be an image of the day of judgement . 5. This advice was so reasonable and proper instrument of vertue , that it was taught even to the Scholers of Pythagoras by their Master : Let not sleep seiz upon the Regions of your senses , before you have three times recalled the conversation and accidents of the day : Examine what you have committed against the Divine Law , what you have omitted of your duty , and in what you have made use of the Divine Grace to the purposes of vertue and religion , joyning the Iudge reason to the legislative mind or conscience , that God may reigne there as a Law-giver and a Judge . Then Christs kingdom is set up in our hearts ; then we alwayes live in the Eye of our Judge , and live by the measures of reason , religion , and sober counsels . The benefits we shall receive by practising this advice , in order to a blessed death , will also adde to the account of reason and fair inducements . The Benefits of this exercise . 1. By a daily examination of our actions we shall the easier cure a great sin and prevent its arrival to become habitual . For [ to examine ] we suppose to be a relative duty and instrumentall to something else . We examine our selves that we may finde out our failings , and cure them : and therefore if we use our remedy when the wound is fresh and bleeding , we shall finde the cure more certain , and lesse painfull . For so a Taper when its crown of flames is newly blown off , retains a nature so symbolical to light , that it will with greedinesse reenkindle and snatch a ray from the neighbour fire : So is the soul of Man , when it is newly fallen into sin ; although God be angry with it , and the state of Gods favour , and its own graciousnesse is interrupted , yet the habit is not naturally changed ; and still God leaves some roots of vertue standing , and the Man is modest , or apt to be made ashamed , and he is not grown a bold sinner ; but if he sleeps on it , and returns again to the same sin , and by degrees growes in love with it , and gets the custome , and the strangenesse of it is taken away , then it is his Master , and is sweld into a heap , and is abetted by use , and corroborated by newly entertained principles , and is insinuated into his Nature , and hath possessed his affections , and tainted the will and the understanding ; and by this time a man is in the state of a decaying Merchant , his accounts are so great , and so intricate , and so much in arrear , that to examine it will be but to represent the particulars of his calamity : therefore they think it better to pull the napkin before their eyes , then to stare upon the circumstances of their death . 2. A daily , or frequent examination of the parts of our life will interrupt the proceeding , and hinder the journey of little sins into a heap . For many dayes do not passe the best persons in which they have not many idle words , or vainer thoughts to sully the fair whitenesse of their souls : Some indiscreet passions , or trifling purposes , some impertinent discontents , or unhandsome usages of their own persons or their dearest Relatives . And though God is not extreme to mark what is done amisse , and therefore puts these upon the accounts of his Mercy , and the title of the Crosse , yet in two cases , these little sins combine and cluster ; and we know that grapes were once in so great a bunch , that one cluster was the load of two men : that is , 1. When either we are in love with small sins ; or 2. When they proceed from a carelesse and incurious spirit into frequency and continuance . For so the smallest atomes that dance in all the little cels of the world , are so trifling and immaterial that they cannot trouble an eye , nor vex the tenderest part of a wound where a barbed arrow dwelt ; yet when by their infinite numbers ( as Melissa and Parmenides affirm ) they danced first into order , then into little bodies , at last they made the matter of the world : So are the little indiscretions of our life ; they are alwayes inconsiderable if they be considered , and contemptible if they be not despised , and God does not regard them if we do . We may easily keep them asunder by our daily or nightly thoughts , and prayers , and severe sentences : But even the least sand can check the tumultuous pride , and become a limit to the Sea , when it is in a heap and in united multitudes ; but if the wind scatter and divide them , the little drops and the vainer froth of the water begins to invade the Strand . Our sighes can scatter such little offences ; but then , be sure to breath such accents frequently , least they knot , and combine , and grow big as the shoar , and we perish in sand , in trifling instances . He that despiseth little things , shall perish by little and little . So said the son of Sirach . 3. A frequent examination of our actions will intenerate and soften our consciences , so that they shall be impatient of any rudenesse or heavier load : And he that is used to shrink when he is pressed with a branch of twining Osier , will not willingly stand in the ruines of a house , when the beam dashes upon the pavement . And , provided that our nice and tender spirit be not vexed into scruple , nor the scruple turn into unreasonable fears , nor the fears into superstition ; he that by any arts can make his spirit tender , and apt for religious impressions , hath made the fairest seat for religion , and the unaptest and uneasiest entertainment for sin , and eternal death , in the whole world . 4. A frequent examination of the smallest parts of our lives is the best instrument to make our repentance particular , and a fit remedy to all the members of the whole body of sin . For our examination put off to our death-bed of necessity brings us into this condition , that very many thousands of our sins must be ( or not be at al ) washed off with a general repentance ; which the more general and indefinite it is , it is ever so much the worse : And if he that repents the longest and the oftnest , and upon the most instances , is still during his whole life , but an imperfect penitent , and there are very many reserves left to be wiped off by Gods mercies , and to be eased by collateral assistances , or to be groaned for at the terrible day of judgement ; it will be but a sad story to consider , that the sins of a whole life , or of very great portions of it , shall be put upon the remedy of one examination , and the advices of one discourse , and the activities of a decayed body , and a weak and an amazed Spirit . Let us do the best we can , we shall finde that the meer sins of ignorance , and unavoidable forgetfulnesse will be enough to be intrusted to such a bank , and that if a general repentance will serve towards their expiation , it will be an infinite mercy : but we have nothing to warrant our confidence , if we shall think it to be enough on our death-bed to confesse the notorious actions of our lives , ( and to say [ The Lord be merciful to me for the infinite transgressions of my life , which I have wilfully or carelesly forgot ] for very many of which , the repentance , the distinct , particular , circumstantiate repentance of a whole life would have been too little , if we could have done more . 5. After the enumeration of these advantanges I shall not need to adde that if we decline or refuse to call our selves frequently to account , and to use daily advices concerning the state of our souls , it is a very ill signe , that our souls are not right with God , or that they do not dwell in religion . But this I shall say , that they who do use this exercise frequently will make their conscience much at ease by casting out a daily load of humor and surfet , the matter of diseases and the instruments of death . He that does not frequently search his conscience , is a house without a window , and like a wilde untutored son of a fond and undiscerning widow . But if this exercise seem too great a trouble , and that by such advices , religion will seem a burden , I have two things to oppose against it . 1. One is ; that we had better ●ear the burden of the Lord , then the burden of a base and polluted conscience . Religion cannot be so great a trouble as a guilty soul ; and whatsoever trouble can be fancied in this or any other action of religion , it is onely to unexperienced persons . It may be a trouble at first , just as is every change , and every new accident : but if you do it frequently and accustom your spirit to it , as the custom will make it easy , so the advantages wil make it delectable ; that will make it facile as nature , these will make it as pleasant and eligible as reward . 2. The other thing I have to say is this : That to examine our lives will be no trouble if we do not intricate it with businesses of the world , and the Labyrinths of care and impertinent affairs . A man had need have a quiet and disintangled life , who comes to search into all his actions , and to make judgement concerning his errors and his needs , his remedies and his hopes . They that have great intrigues of the world , have a yoak upon their necks , & cannot look back ; and he that covets many things greedily , and snatches at high things ambitiously , that despises his Neighbour proudly , and bears his crosses peevishly , or his prosperity impotently and passionately ; he that is prodigal of his precious time , and is tenacious and retentive of evil purposes , is not a man disposed to this exercise , he hath reason to be afraid of his own memory , and to dash his glasse in pieces , because it must needs represent to his own eyes an intolerable deformity . He therefore that resolves to live well whatsoever it costs him ; he that will go to Heaven at any rate , shall best tend this duty by neglecting the affairs of the world , in all things where prudently he may . But if we do otherwise , we shall finde that the accounts of our death-bed and the examination made by a disturbed understanding will be very empty of comfort and full of inconveniencies . 6. For hence it comes that men dye so timorously , and uncomfortably , as if they were forced out of their lives by the violencies of an executioner . Then , without much examination they remember how wickedly they have lived , without religion , against the laws of the covenant of grace , without God in the world ; then they see sin goes off like an amazed , wounded , affrighted person from a lost battel , without honour , without a veil , with nothing but shame & sad remembrances . Then they can consider that if they had lived vertuously , all the trouble and objection of that would now be past , and all that had remained should be peace and joy , and all that good which dwells within the house of God , and eternal life . But now they finde they have done amisse and dealt wickedly , they have no bank of good works , but a huge treasure of wrath , and they are going to a strange place , and what shall be their lot is uncertain ; ( so they say , when they would comfort and flatter themselves ) but in truth of religion their portion is sad and intollerable , without hope , and without refreshment ▪ and they must use little silly arts , to make them go off from their stage of sins with some handsom circumstances of opinion : They will in civility be abused that they may die quietly , and go decently to their execution , and leave their friends indifferently contented , and apt to be comforted , and by that time they are gone awhile , they see that they deceived themselves all their dayes , and were by others deceived at last . Let us make it our own case ; we shall come to that state and period of condition , in which we shall be infinitely comforted , if we have lived well , er else be amazed and go off trembling , because we are guilty of heaps of unrepented and unforsaken sins . It may happen we shall not then understand it so , because most men of late ages have been abused with false principles , and they are taught ( or they are willing to believe ) that a little thing is enough to save them , and that heaven is so cheap a purchase , that it will fall upon them whether they will or no. The misery of it is , they will not suffer themselves to be confuted , till it be too late to recant their errour . In the interim , they are impatient to be examined , as a leper is of a comb , and are greedy of the world , as children of raw fruit ; and they hate a severe reproof , as they do thorns in their beds ; and they love to lay aside religion , as a drunken person does to forget his sorrow ; and all the way they dream of fine things , and their dreams prove contrary , and become the hieroglyphics of an eternal sorrow . The daughter of Polycrates dreamed that her Father was lifted up , and that Iupiter washed him and the Sun anointed him ; but it proved to him but a sad prosperity : for after a long life of constant prosperous successes he was surprized by his enemies , and hanged up till the dew of heaven wet his cheeks , and the Sun melted his grease . Such is the condition of those persons who living either in the despight , or in the neglect of religion , lye wallowing in the drunkennesse of prosperity , or worldly cares ; they think themselves to be exalted , till the evil day overtakes them ; and then they can expound their dream of life to end in a sad and hopelesse death . I remember that Cleomenes that was called a God by the Egyptians , because when he was hang'd , a serpent grew out of his body , and wrapt it self about his head , till the Philosophers of Egypt said , it was natural that from the marrow of some bodies such productions should arise : and indeed it represents the condition of some men , who being dead are esteemed saints and beatified persons when their head is encircled with dragons , and is entered into the possession of Devils , that old serpent and deceiver ; For indeed their life was secretly so corrupted , that such serpents fed upon the ruines of the spirit , and the decayes of grace and reason . To be cosened in making judgements concerning our finall condition is extremely easie , but if we be cosened , we are infinitely miserable . SECT . III. Of exercising Charity , during our whole life . HE that would die well and happily must in his life time according to all his capacities exercise charity ; and because Religion is the life of the soul , and charity is the life of religion , the same which gives life to the better part of man which never dies , may obtain of God a mercy to the inferiour part of man in the day of its dissolution . 1. Charity is the great chanel through which God passes all his mercy upon mankinde . For we receive absolution of our sins in proportion to our forgiving our brother : this is the rule of our hopes , and the measure of our desire in this world ; and in the day of death and judgement the great sentence upon mankinde shall be transacted according to our almes , which is the other part of Charity . Certain it is that God cannot , will not , never did reject a charitable man in his greatest needs , and in his most passionate prayers ; for God himself is love , and every degree of charity that dwells in us , is the participation of the divine nature ; and therefore when upon our death-bed , a cloud covers our heads , and we are enwrapped with sorrow ; when we feel the weight of a sicknesse , and do not feel the refreshing visitations of Gods loving kindnesse ; when we have many things to trouble us , and looking round about us , we see no comforter ; then call to minde what injuries you have forgiven , how apt you were to pardon all affronts and real persecutions ? how you embraced peace when it was offered you ? how you followed after peace , when it run from you ? and when you are weary of one side , turn upon the other ; and remember the alms , that by the grace of God , and his assistances you have done , and look up to God , and with the eye of faith behold him coming in the cloud , and pronouncing the sentence of dooms day according to his mercies and thy charity . 2. Charity with its Twin-daughters , almes and forgivenesse is especially effectual for the procuring Gods mercies in the day and the manner of our death : almes deliver from death , said old Tobias , and almes make an atonement for sins , said the son of Sirach : and so said Daniel , and so say all the wise men of the world . And in this sence also is that of S. Peter , Love covers a multitude of sins ; and * S. Clement in his Constitutions gives this counsell ; If you have any thing in your hands , give it that it may work to the remission of thy sins ; for by faith and alms sins are purged . The same also is the counsel of Salvi●n , who wonders that men who are guilty of great and many sins , will not work out their pardon by alms and mercy . But this also must be added out of the words of Lactantius , who makes this rule compleat and useful ; But think not , that because sins are taken away by alms , that by thy money thou mayest purchase a license to sin . For sins are abolished , if because thou hast sinned thou givest to God , that is , to Gods poor servants and his indigent , necessitous creature : But if thou sinnest upon confidence of giving , thy sins are not abolished . For God desires infinitely that men should be purged from their sins , and therefore commands us to repent , But to repent is nothing else , but to professe and affirm ( that is , to purpose and to make good that purpose ) that they will sin no more . Now almes are therefore effective to the abolition and pardon of our sins , because they are preparatory to , and impetratory of the grace of repentance , and are fruits of repentance ; and therefore S. Chrysostom affirmes , that repentance without almes is dead , and without wings , and can never soar upwards to the element of love . But because they are a part of repentance , and hugely pleasing to Almighty God , therefore they deliver us from the evils of an unhappy and accursed death ; for so Christ delivered his Disciples from the sea , when he appeased the storm , though they still sailed in the chanel : and this S. Hierome verifies with all his reading and experience , saying , I do not remember to have read , that ever any charitable person died an evil death : and although a long experience hath observed Gods mercies to descend upon charitable people like the dew upon Gideons fleece when all the world was dry , yet for this also , we have a promise , which is , not onely an argument of a certain number of years ( as experience is ) but a security for eternall ages . Make ye friends of the mammon of unrighteousnesse , that when ye fail they may receive you into everlasting habitations : When faith fails , and chastity is uselesse , and temperance shall be no more , then charity shall bear you upon wings of cherubins , to the eternall mountain of the Lord. I have been a lover of mankinde , and a friend , and mercifull , and now I expect to communicate in that great kindnesse which he shews , that is , the great God and Father of men and mercies : said Cyrus the Persian , on his death-bed . I do not mean this should onely be a death-bed charity , any more then a death-bed repentance ; but it ought to be the charity of our life , & healthfull years ; a parting with portions of our goods then , when we can keep them : we must not first kindle our lights , when we are to descend into our houses of darknesse , or bring a glaring torch suddenly to a dark room , that will amaze the eye and not delight it , or instruct the body ; but if our Tapers have in their constant course descended into their grave crowned all the way with light , then let the death-bed charity be doubled , and the light burn brightest when it is to deck our hearse . But concerning this I shall afterwards give account . SECT . IV. General considerations to enforce the former practises . THese are the generall instruments of preparation , in order to a holy death . It will concern us all to use them diligently and speedily ; for we must be long in doing that which must be done but once ; and therefore we must begin betimes , and lose no time ; especially since it is so great a venture , and upon it depends so great a state . Seneca said well , There is no Science or Art in the world so hard as to live and die well : The professors of other arts are vulgar and many , but he that knows how to do this businesse is certainly instructed to eternity . But then let me remember this , that a wise person will also put most upon the greatest interest . Common prudence will teach us this . No man will hire a Generall to cut wood , or shake hay with a Scepter , or spend his soul and all his faculties upon the purchase of a cockleshell ; but he will fit instruments to the dignity and exigence of the designe ; and therefore since heaven is so glorious a state , and so certainly designed for us , if we please , let us spend all that we have , all our passions and affections , all our study and industry , all our desires and stratagems , all our witty and ingenuous faculties toward the arriving thither , whither if we do come , every minute will infinitely pay for all the troubles of our whole life : If we do not , we shall have the reward of fools , an unpitied and an upbraided misery . To this purpose I shall represent the state of dying and dead men in the devout words of some of the Fathers of the Church , whose sense I shall exactly keep ; but change their order , that by placing some of their dispersed meditations into a chain , or sequell of discourse , I may with their precious stones make an Vnion , and compose them into a jewel ; for though the meditation is plain and easie , yet it is affectionate , and materiall , and true , and necessary . The circumstances of a dying mans sorrow and danger . When the sentence of death is decreed , and begins to be put in execution , it is sorrow enough to see or feel respectively the sad accidents of the agony , and last contentions of the soul , and the reluctancies and unwillingnesses of the body . The forehead wash'd with a new and stranger baptisme , besmeared with a cold sweat , tenacious and clammy , apt to make it cleave to the roof of his coffin ; the nose cold and undiscerning , not pleased with perfumes , nor suffering violence with a cloud of unwholsome smoak ; the eyes dim as a sullied mirror , or the face of heaven , when God shews his anger in a prodigious storm ; the feet cold , the hands stiffe , the Physitians despairing , our friends weeping , the rooms dressed with darknesse and sorrow , and the exteriour parts betraying what are the violences which the soul and spirit suffer ; the nobler part like the lord of the house , being assaulted by exteriour rudenesses , and driven from all the out-works ; at last , faint and weary , with short and frequent breathings , interrupted with the longer accents of sighes , without moisture , but the excrescencies of a spilt humour , when the pitcher is broken at the cisterne ; it retires to its last sort , the heart , whither it is pursued and stormed , and beaten out , as when the barbarous Thracian sacked the glory of the Grecian Empire . Then calamity is great , and sorrow rules in all the capacities of man : then the mourners weep , because it is civil , or because they need thee , or because they fear , but who suffers for thee with a compassion sharp as is thy pain ? Then the noise is like the faint eccho of a distant valley , & few heare , and they will not regard thee , who seemest like a person void of understanding , and of a departing interest . Verè tremendum est mortis sacramentum . But these accidents are common to all that die , and when a speciall providence shall distinguish them , they shall die with easie circumstances ; but as no piety can secure it , so must no confidence expect it , but wait for the time , and accept the manner of the dissolution . But that which distinguishes them is this . He that hath lived a wicked life , if his conscience be alarmed , and that he does not die like a Wolf , or a Tigre without sense or remorse of all his wildnesse , and his injury , his beastly nature , and desert , and untilled manners , if he have but sense of what he is going to suffer , or what he may expect to be his portion , then we may imagine the terrour of their abused fancies , how they see affrighting shapes , and because they fear them , they feel the gripes of Devils , urging the unwilling souls from the kinder and fast embraces of the body , calling to the grave , and hasting to judgement , exhibiting great bills of uncancelled crimes , awaking and amazing the conscience , breaking all their hope in pieces , and making faith uselesse and terrible , because the malice was great and the charity was none at all . Then they look for some to have pity on them , but there is no man. No man dares be their pledge , No man can redeem their soul , which now feels what it never feared . Then the tremblings and the sorrow , the memory of the past sin , and the fear of future pains , and the sense of an angry God , and the presence of some Devils consigne him to the eternall company of all the damned and accursed spirits : then they want an Angel for their guide , and the Holy Spirit for their comforter , and a good conscience for their testimony , and Christ for their Advocate , and they die and are left in prisons of earth or air , in secret and undiscerned regions to weep and tremble , and infinitely to fear the coming of the day of Christ ; at which time they shall be brought forth to change their condition into a worse , where they shall for ever feel more then we can beleeve or understand . But when a good man dies ; one that hath lived innocently or made joy in Heaven at his timely and effective repentance , and in whose behalf the Holy Jesus hath interceded prosperously , and for whose interest the Spirit makes interpellations with groans and sighs unutterable , and in whose defence the Angels drive away the Devils on his death-bed , because his sins are pardoned , and because he resisted the Devil in his life time , and fought successefully , and persevered unto the end , then the joyes break forth through the clouds of sicknesse , and the conscience stands upright , and confesses the glories of God , and owns so much integrity that it can hope for pardon , and obtain it too : Then the sorrowes of the sicknesse , and the flames of the Feaver , or the faintnesse of the consumption do but untye the soul from its chain , and let it go forth , first into liberty , and then to glory ; for it is but for a little while that the face of the skie was black , like the preparations of the night , but quickly the cloud torn and rent , the violence of thunder parted it into little portions , that the Sun might look forth with a watry eye , and then shine without a tear ; but it is an infinite refreshment to remember all the comforts of his prayers , the frequent victory over his temptations , the mortification of his lust , the noblest sacrifice to God in which he most delights , that we have given him our wills , and killed our appeti●es for the interest of his services ; then all the trouble of that is gone , and what remains is a portion in the inheritance of Jesus , of which he now talks no more as a thing at distance , but is entring into the possession . When the veil is rent , and the prison doors are open at the presence of Gods Angel , the soul goes forth full of hope , sometimes with evidence , but alwayes with certainty in the thing , and instantly it passes into the throngs of Spirits , where Angles meet it singing , and the Devils flock with malitious and vile purposes , desiring to lead it away with them into their houses of sorrow ; there they see things which they never saw , and hear voices which they never heard : There the Devils charge them with many sins ; And the Angels remember that themselves rejoyced when they were repented of . Then the Devils aggravate and describe all the circumstances of the sin , and adde calumnies , and the Angels bear the soul forward still , because their Lord doth answer for them : Then the Devils rage and gnash their teeth : they see the soul chast and pure , and they are ashamed ; they see it penitent , and they despair ; they perceive that the tongue was restrained and sanctified , and then hold their peace : Then the soul passes forth and rejoyces , passing by the Devils in scorn and triumph , being securely carried into the bosome of the Lord , where they shall rest till their crowns are finished , and their mansions are prepared , and then they shall feast and sing , rejoyce and worship for * ever and ever . Fearful and formidable to unholy persons is the first meeting with spirits in their separation . But the victory which holy souls receive by the mercies of Jesus Christ , and the conduct of Angels is a joy that we must not understand till we feel it : and yet such which by an early and a persevering piety we may secure : but let us enquire after it no further , because it is secret . CHAP. III. Of the state of sicknesse , and the temptations incident to it with their proper remedies . SECT . I. Of the state of sicknesse . ADams sin brought death into the world , and man did die the same day in which he sinned , according as God had threatned : He did not die , as death is taken for a separation of soul and body ; that is not death properly ; but the ending of the last act of death : just as a man is said to be born , when he ceases any longer to be born in his mothers womb . But whereas to man was intended a life long and happy , without sicknesse , sorrow or infelicity , and this life should be lived here or in a better place , and the passage from one to the other should have been easy , safe and pleasant , now that man sinned , he fell from that state to a contrary . If Adam had stood he should not alwayes have lived in this world ; for this world was not a place capable of giving a dwelling to all those myriads of men and women which should have been born in all the generations of infinite and eternal ages ; for so it must have been , if man had not dyed at all , nor yet have removed hence at all : Neither is it likely that mans innocence should have lost to him all possibility of going thither , where the duration is better , measured by a better time , subject to fewer changes , and which is now the reward of a returning vertue , which in all natural senses is lesse then innocence , save that it is heightned by Christ to an equality of acceptation with the state of innocence : But so it must have been , that his innocence should have been punished with an eternal confinement to this state , which in all reason is the lesse perfect , the state of a traveller , not of one possessed of his inheritance . It is therefore certain Man should have changed his abode : for so did Enoch , and so did Elias , and so shall all the world that shall be alive at the day of judgement : They shall not die , but they shall change their place , and their abode , their duration and their state , and all this without death . That death therefore which God threatned to Adam and which passed upon his posterity , is not the going out of this world , but the manner of going . If he had staid in innocence , he should have gone from hence placidly , and fairly , without vexatious and afflictive circumstances ; he should not have dyed by sickness , misfortune , defect , or unwillingnesse ; but when he fell , then he began to die ; the same day , ( so said God : ) and that must needs be true : and therefore it must mean , that upon that very day he fell into an evil and dangerous condition ; a state of change and affliction ; then death began , that is , the man began to die by a natural diminution , and aptnesse to disease and misery . His first state was and should have been ( so long as it lasted ) a happy duration ; His second was a daily and miserable change ; and this was the dying properly . This appears in the great instance of damnation , which in the stile of Scripture is called eternal death ; not because it kills or ends the duration ; it hath not so much good in it ; but because it is a perpetual infelicity , Change or separation of soul and body is but accidental to death . Death may be with , or without either : but the formality , the curse and the sting of death , that is , misery , sorrow , fear , diminution , defect , anguish , dishonour , and whatsoever is miserable , and afflictive in nature , that is death : death is not an action , but a whole state and condition ; and this was first brought in upon us by the offence of one man. But this went no further then thus to subject us to temporal infelicity . If it had proceeded so as was supposed , Man had been much more miserable ; for man had more then one original sin in this sence : and though this death entred first upon us by Adams fault , yet it came neerer unto us , and increased upon us by the sins of more of our forefathers . For Adams sin left us in strength enough to contend with humane calamities for almost a thousand years together . But the sins of his children , our forefathers , took off from us half the strength about the time of the flood ; and then from 500. to 250. and from thence to 120. and from thence to threescore and ten , so halfing it , till it is almost come to nothing . But by the sins of men in the several generations of the world , death , that is , misery and disease , is hastned so upon us , that we are of a contemptible age ; and because we are to die by suffering evils , and by the daily lessening of our strength and health ; this death is so long a doing , that it makes so great a part of our short life uselesse and unserviceable , that we have not time enough to get the perfection of a single manufacture ; but ten or twelve generations of the world must go to the making up of one wise man , or one excellent Art : and in the succession of those ages , there happens so many changes and interruptions , so many warres and violencies , that seven years fighting sets a whole Kingdom back in learning and vertue , to which they were creeping , it may be , a whole age . And thus also we do evil to our posterity , as Adam did to his , and Cham did to his , and Eli to his , and all they to theirs , who by sins caused God to shorten the life , and multiply the evils of mankinde : and for this reason it is , the world grows worse and worse , because so many original sins are multiplied , and so many evils from Parents descend upon the succeeding generations of men , that they derive nothing from us but original misery . But he who restored the law of Nature , did also restore us to the condition of Nature ; which being violated by the introduction of death , Christ then repaired when he suffered and overcame death for us : that is , he hath taken away the unhappinesse of sicknesse , and the sting of death , and the dishonours of the grave , of dissolution and weaknesse , of decay and change ; and hath turned them into acts of favour , into instances of comfort , into opportunities of vertue ; Christ hath now knit them into rosaries , and coronets , he hath put them into promises and rewards , he hath made them part of the portion of his elect ; they are instruments , and earnests , and securities , and passages to the greatest perfection of humane nature , and the Divine promises . So that it is possible for us now to be reconciled to sicknesse ; It came in by sin , and therefore is cured when it is turned into vertue ; and although it may have in it the uneasinesse of labour , yet it will not be uneasie as sin , or the restlessenesse of a discomposed conscience : If therefore we can well manage our state of sicknesse , that we may not fall by pain , as we usually do by pleasure , we need not fear ; for no evil shall happen to us . SECT . II. Of the first temptation proper to the state of sicknesse ; Impatience . MEn that are in health are severe exactors of patience at the hands of them that are sick , and they usually judge it not by terms of relation , between God and the suffering man ; but between him and the friends that stand by the bed-side . It will be therefore necessary that we truly understand to what duties and actions the patience of a sick man ought to extend . 1. Sighes and groans , sorrow and prayers , humble complaints , and dolorous expressions are the sad accents of a sick mans language ; for it is not to be expected that a sick man should act a part of patience with a countenance like an Orator , or grave like a Dramatick person . It were well if all men could bear an exteriour decencie in their sicknesse , and regulate their voice , their face , their discourse , and all their circumstances by the measures , and proportions of comlinesse and satisfaction to all the standers by . But this would better please them then assist him ; the sick man would do more good to others , then he would receive to himself . 2. Therefore , silence and still composures , and not complaining , are no parts of a sick mans duty ; they are not necessary parts of patience : We find that David roared for the very disquietnesse of his sicknesse ; and he lay chattering like a swallow , and his throat was dry with calling for help upon his God. That 's the proper voice of sicknesse ; and certain it is , that the proper voyces of sicknesse are expressely vocal , and petitory in the eares of God , and call for pity in the same accent , as the cryes and oppressions of Widows and Orphans do for vengeance upon their persecutors , though they say no Collect against them . For there is the voyce of man , and there is the voyce of the disease , and God hears both ; And the louder the disease speaks , there is the greater need of mercy and pity , and therefore God will the sooner hear it . Abels blood had a voice and cried to God , and humility hath a voice and cries so loud to God , that it pierces the clouds ; and so hath every sorrow , and every sicknesse : and when a man cries out , and complains but according to the sorrowes of his pain , it cannot be any part of a culpable impatience , but an argument for pity . 3. Some senses are so subtile , and their perceptions so quick and full of relish , and their spirits so active , that the same load is double upon them , to what it is to another person ; and therefore comparing the expressions of the one to the silence of the other , a different judgement cannot be made concerning their patience : Some natures are querulous , and melancholy , and soft , and nice , and tender , and weeping , and expressive ; others are sullen , dull , without apprehension , apt to tolerate and carry burdens ; and the crucifixion of our Blessed Saviour falling upon a delicate and virgin body , of curious temper , and strict , equall composition , was naturally more full of torment then that of the ruder theeves , whose proportions were course● and uneven . 4. In this case it was no imprudent advice which Cicero gave : Nothing in the world is more amiable then an even temper in our whole life , and in every action : but this evennesse cannot be kept unlesse every man follows his own nature , without striving to i●itate the circumstances of another : and what is so in the thing it self , ought to be so in our judgements concerning the things . We must not call any one impatient if he be not silent in a feaver as if he were asleep , or as if he were dull , as Herods son of Athens . 5. Nature in some cases hath made cryings out , and exclamations to be an entertainment of the spirit , and an abatement or diversion of the pain . For so did the old champions when they threw their fatall nets that they might load their enemy with the snares and weights of death , they groaned aloud , and sent forth the anguish of their spirit into the eyes and heart of the man that stood against them : so it is in the endurance of some sharp pains , the complaints and shrikings , the sharp groans , and the tender accents send forth the afflicted spirits and force a way that they may ease their oppression and their load , that when they have spent some of their sorrows , by a sally sorth , they may returne better able to fortifie the heart . Nothing of this is a certain signe , much lesse an action or part of impatience ; and when our blessed Saviour suffered his last , and sharpest pang of sorrow , he cryed out with a loud voice , and resolved to die , and did so . SECT . III. Constituent or integrall parts of patience . 1. THat we may secure our patience , we must take care that our complaints be without despair . Despair sins against the reputation of Gods goodnesse , and the efficacy of all our old experience : By despair we destroy the greatest comfort of our sorrowes , and turn our sicknesse into the state of Devils , and perishing souls . No affliction is greater then despair , for that is it which makes hell fire , and turns a natural evil into an intolerable ; it hinders prayers , and fills up the intervalls of sicknesse with a worse torture ; it makes all spiritual arts uselesse , and the office of spiritual comforters and guides to be impertinent . Against this , hope is to be opposed ; and its proper acts as it relates to the vertue and exercise of patience are ; 1 Praying to God for help and remedy ; 2 sending for the guides of souls ; 3. using all holy exercises and acts of grace , proper to that state ; which who so does hath not the impatience of despair ; every man that is patient hath hope in God in the day of his sorrows . 2. Our complaints in sicknesse must be without murmure . Murmur sins against Gods providence and government : by it we grow rude , and like the falling Angels , displeased at Gods supremacy : and nothing is more unreasonable : it talks against God , for whose glory all speech was made ; it is proud and phantastic , hath better opinions of a sinner then of the Divine justice , and would rather accuse God then himself . Against this is opposed that part of patience which resignes the man into the hands of God ; saying with old Eli , It is the Lord , let him do what he will ; and [ Thy will be done in earth as it is in heaven ] and so by admiring Gods justice and wisdom , does also dispose the sick person for receiving Gods mercy ; and secures him the rather in the grace of God. The proper acts of this part of patience are , 1. To confesse our sins and our own demerits . 2. It increases and exercises humility . 3. It loves to sing praises to God , even from the lowest abysse of humane misery . 3. Our complaints in sicknesse must be without peevishnesse . This sins against civility , and that necessary decency , which must be used toward the ministers and assistants . By peevishnesse we increase our own sorrowes , and are troublesome to them that stand there to ease ours . It hath in it harshnesse of nature , and ungentlenesse , wilfulnesse , and Phantastic opinions , morosity and incivility . Against it are opposed obedience , tractability , easinesse of persuasion , aptnesse to take counsel . The acts of this part of patience are , 1. To obey our Physitians . 2. To treat our persons with respect to our present necessities . 3. Not to be ungentle , and uneasy to the ministers , and nurses that attend us ; But to take their diligent and kinde offices as sweetly as we can , and to bear their indiscretions , or unhandsome accidents contentedly , and without disquietnesse within , or evil language , or angry words without . 4. Not to use unlawful means for our recovery . If we secure these particulars , we are not lightly to be judged of , by noises and postures , by colours and images of things , by palenesse , or tossings from side to side . For it were a hard thing that those persons who are loa●en with the greatnesse of humane calamities , should be strictly tyed to ceremonies and forms of things . He is patient that calls upon God , that hopes for health or heaven , that believes God is wise and just in sending him afflictions ; that confesses his sins and accuses himself , and justifies God ; that expects God will turne this into good ; that is civil to his Physitians and his servants ; that converses with the guides of souls , the ministers of religion ; and in all things submits to Gods will ; and would use no indirect means for his recovery ; but had rather be sick and die , then enter at all into Gods displeasure . SECT . IV. Remedies against impatience , by way of consideration . AS it happens concerning death , so it is in sicknesse which is death● handmaid . It hath the fate to suffer calumny and reproach , and hath a name worse th●n its nature . 1. For there is no sicknesse so great but children endure it , and have natural strengths to bear them out quite through the calamity , what period soever nature hath allotted it . Indeed they make no reflexions upon their sufferings and complain of sicknesse with an uneasy sigh , or a natural groan , but consider not what the sorrows of sicknesse mean ; and so bear it by a direct sufferance , and as a pillar bears the weight of a roof : But then why cannot we bear it so to ? For this which we call a reflexion upon , or a considering of our sicknesse , is nothing but a perfect instrument of trouble , and consequently a temptation to impatience . It serves no end of nature , it may be avoided , and we may consider it onely as an expression of Gods Anger , and an emissary , or procurator of repentance . But all other considering it , except where it serves the purposes of medicine and art , is nothing , but under the colour of reason , an unreasonable device to heighten the sicknesse , and increase the torment . But then , children want this act of reflex perception , or reasonable sense whereby their sicknesse becomes lesse pungent and dolorous ; so also do they want the helps of reason , whereby they should be able to support it . For certain it is , reason was as well given us to harden our spirits and stiffen them in passions and sad accidents , as to make us bending and apt for action : and if in men God hath heightned the faculties of apprehension , he hath increased the auxiliaries of reasonable strengths ; that Gods rod , and Gods staffe might go together , and the beam of Gods countenance may as well refresh us with its light , as scorch us with its heat . But poor children that endure so much , have not inward supports and refreshments to bear them through it ; they never heard the sayings of old men , nor have been taught the principles of severe philosophy , nor are assisted with the results of a long experience , nor know they how to turn a sicknesse into vertue , and a Feaver into a reward ; nor have they any sense of favors , the remembrance of which may alleviate their burden ; and yet nature hath in them teeth and nails enough to scratch , and fight against the sickness , and by such aids as God is pleased to give them , they wade thorough the storm , and murmur not : and besides this yet , although infants have not such brisk perceptions upon the stock of reason , they have a more tender feeling upon the accounts of sense , and their flesh is as uneasy by their natural softnesse and weak shoulders , as ours by our too forward apprehensions . Therefore bear up : either you or I , or some man wiser , and many a woman weaker then us both , or the very children have endured worse evil then this that is upon thee now . That sorrow is hugely tolerable which gives its smart but by instants and smallest proportions of time . No man at once feels the sicknesse of a week , or of a whole day ; but the smart of an instant : and still every portion of a minute , feels but its proper share ; and the last groan ended all the sorrow of its peculiar burden : and what minute can that be , which can pretend to be intolerable ? and the next minute is but the same as the last : and the pain flowes like the drops of a river , or the little shreds of time : and if we do but take care of the present minute , it cannot seem a great charge , or a great burden ; but that care will secure our duty , if we still will but secure the present minute . 3. If we consider how much men can suffer if they list , and how much they do suffer for great and little causes , and that no causes are greater then the proper causes of patience in sicknesse ( that is necessity and religion ) we cannot without huge shame to our nature , to our persons , and to our manners complain of this tax and impost of nature . This experience added something to the old Philosophy . When the Gladiators were exposed naked to each others short swords , and were to cut each others souls away in portions of flesh , as if their forms had been as divisible as the life of worms : they did not sigh or groan , it was a shame to decline the blow , but according to the just measures art . The women that saw the wounds shrike out ; and he that receives it holds his peace . They did not only stand bravely , but would also fall so ; and when he was down , scorn'd to shrink his head , when the insolent conquerer came to lift it from his shoulders : and yet this man in his first designe , onely aimed at liberty , and the reputation of a good fencer ; and when he sunk down , he saw he could onely receive the honour of a bold man ; the noise of which he shall never hear , when his ashes were crammed in his narrow Urne . And what can we complain of the weaknesse of our strengths , or the pressures of diseases , when we see a poor souldier stand in a breach almost starved with cold and hunger ; and his cold apt to be relieved onely by the heats of Anger , a Feaver of a fired musket ? and his hunger slacked by a greater pain , and a huge fear ? this man shall stand in his arms and wounds , patiens liminis atque solis , pale and faint , weary and watchful ; and at night shall have a bullet pulled out of his flesh , and shivers from his bones , and endure his mouth to be sewed up from a violent rent to its own dimension , and all this for a man whom he never saw , or if he did , was not noted by him ; but one that shall condemn him to the gallows if he runs from all this misery . It is seldome that God sends such calamities upon men , as men bring upon themselves , and suffer willingly . But that which is most considerable , is , that any passion and violence upon the spirit of man makes him able to suffer huge calamities , with a certain constancy and an unwearied patience . Scipio Africanus was wont to commend that saying in Xenophon , that the same labours of warfare were easier far to a General then to a common souldier , because he was supported by the huge appetites of honour , which made his hard marches nothing but steppings forward , and reaching at a triumph . Did not the Lady of Sabinus for others interest bear twins privately and without groaning ? Are not the labours and cares , the spare diet , and the waking nights of covetous and adulterous , of ambitious and revengful persons , greater sorrowes and of more smart then a Feaver , or the short pains of childebirth ? what will not render women suffer to hide their shame ? And if vice , and passion , lust , and inferiour appetites can supply to the tenderest persons strengths more then enough , for the sufferance of the greatest natural violences , can we suppose that honesty and religion , and the grace of God are more nice , tender , and effeminate ? 4. Sicknesse is the more tolerable because it cures very many evils , and takes away the sense of all the crosse fortunes which amaze the spirits of some men , and transport them certainly beyond all the limits of patience . Here all losses and disgraces , domestick cares and publick evils , the apprehensions of pity , and a sociable calamity , the fears of want and the troubles of ambition , lie down and rest upon the sick mans pillow . One fit of the stone takes away from the fancies of men , all relations to the world and secular interests ; at least they are made dull and flat , without sharpnesse and an edge . And he that shall observe the infinite variety of troubles which afflicts some busie persons , & almost all men in very busie times , will think it not much amisse that those huge numbers were reduced to certainty , to method , and an order ; and there is no better compendium for this , then that they be reduced to one . And a sick man seems so unconcerned in the things of the world , that although this separation be done with violence ; yet it is no otherwise then all noble contentions are , and all honours are purchased , and all vertues are acquired , and all vices mortified , and all appetites chastised , and all rewards obtained : there is infallibly to all these a difficulty and a sharpnesse annexed , without which there could be no proportion between a work and a reward . To this adde , that sicknesse does not take off the sense of secular troubles , and worldly cares from us , by imploying all the perceptions , and apprehensions of men , by filling all faculties with sorrow , and leaving no room for the lesser instances of troubles ; as little rivers are swallowed up in the Sea : But sicknesse is a messenger of God , sent with purposes of abstraction and separation , with a secret power and a proper efficacie to draw us off from unprofitable and uselesse sorrows : and this is effected partly by reason that it represents the uselessnesse of the things of this world , and that there is a portion of this life in which honours and things of the world cannot serve us to many purposes , partly by preparing us to death , and telling us that a man shall descend thither whence this world cannot redeem us , & where the goods of this world cannot serve us . 5. And yet after all this , sicknesse leaves in us appetites so strong , and apprehensions so sensible , and delights so many , and good things in so great a degree , that a healthlesse body , and a sad disease do seldome make men weary of this world ; but still they would fain find an excuse to live . The gout , the stone , and the toothach , the sciatica , sore eyes , and an aking head , are evils indeed ; But such , which rather then die , most men are willing to suffer , and Mecenas added also a wish , rather to be crucified then to die ; and though his wish was low , timerous , and base , yet we find the same desires in most men , dressed up with better circumstances . It was a cruell mercy in Tamerlan who commanded all the leprous persons to be put to death , as we knock some beasts quickly on their head , to put them out of pain , and lest they should live miserably . The poor men would rather have endured another leprosie , and have more willingly taken two diseases then one death ; therefore Caesar wondred that the old crazed souldier that begged leave he might kill himself , and asked him , Doest thou think then to be more alive then now thou art ? We do not die suddenly , but we descend to death by steps , and slow passages ; and therefore men ( so long as they are sick ) are unwilling to proceed and go forward in the finishing that sad imployment . Between a disease and death , there are many degrees , and all those are like the reserves of evil things , the declining of every one of which is justly reckoned amongst those good things , which alleviate the sicknesse and make it tolerable . Never account that sicknesse intolerable , in which thou hadst rather remaine , then die : And yet if thou hadst rather die then suffer it , the worst of it that can be said is this , that this sicknesse is worse then death ; that is , it is worse then that which is the best of all evils , and the end of all troubles ; and then you have said no great harme against it . 6. Remember that thou art under a supervening necessity . Nothing is intolerable that is necessary ; and therefore when men are to suffer a sharp incision , or what they are pleased to call intolerable , tie the man down to it , and he endures it . Now God hath bound this sicknesse upon thee by the condition of Nature ( for every flower must wither and droop ) it is also bound upon thee by speciall providence , and with a designe to try thee , and with purposes to reward and to crown thee . These cords thou canst not break ; and therefore lie thee down gently , and suffer the hand of God to do what he please , that at least thou mayest swallow an advantage , which the care and severe mercies of God forces down thy throat . 7. Remember that all men have passed this way , the bravest , the wisest , & the best men , have bin subject to sicknes & sad diseases ; and it is esteemed a prodigy , that a man should live to a long age and not be sick : and it is recorded for a wonder concerning Xenophilus the Musitian , that he lived to 106 years of age in a perfect and continual health : No story tells the like of a Prince , or a great or a wise person ; unlesse we have a minde to believe the tales concerning Nestor and the Euboean Sibyl . Old age and healthfull bodies are seldome made the appendages to great fortunes : and under so great , and so universal precedents , so common fate of men , he that will not suffer his portion , deserves to be something else then a man , but nothing that is better . 8. We finde in story that many Gentiles who walked by no light but that of reason , opinion , and humane examples , did bear their sicknesse nobly , and with great contempt of pain , and with huge interests of vertue . When Pompey came from Syria and called at Rhodes , to see Posidonius the Philosopher , he found him hugely afflicted with the gout , and expressed his sorrow , that he could not hear his Lectures from which by this pain he must needs be hindred . Posidonius told him , but you may hear me for all this ; and he discours'd excellently in the midst of his tortures , even then , when the torches were put to his feet , that nothing was good but what was honest ; and therefore nothing could be an evil , if it were not criminal , and summed up his Lectures with this saying ; O pain , in vain doest thou attempt me ; for I will never confesse thee to be an evil as long as I can honestly bear thee . And when Pompey himself was desperately sick at Naples , the Neopolitans wore crowns and triumphed ; and the men of Puteoli came to congratulate his sicknesse , not because they loved him not , but because it was the custome of their countrey to have better opinions of sicknesse then we have . The boyes of Sparta would at their Altars endure whipping till their very entrails saw the light thorow their torn flesh ; and some of them to death , without crying or complaint . Caesar would drink his potions of Rhubarb rudely mixt , and unfitly allayed with little sippings , and tasted the horror of the medicine spreading the loathsomnesse of his physick so , that all the parts of his tongue and palate might have an intire share : and when C. Marius suffered the veins of his leg to be cut out for the curing his gout , and yet shrunk not , he declared not onely the rudenesse of their physick , but the strength of a mans spirit , if it be contracted and united by the aids of reason or Religion , by resolution or any accidentall harshnesse , against a violent disease . 9. All impatience howsoever expressed , is perfectly uselesse to all purposes of ease , but hugely effective to the multiplying the trouble ; and the impatience and vexation is another , but the sharper disease of the two ; it does mischief by it self , and mischief by the disease . For men grieve themselves as much as they please , and when by impatience they put themselves into the retinue of sorrows , they become solemne mourners . For so have I seen the rayes of the Sun or Moon dash upon a brazen vessel whose lips kissed the face of those waters that lodged within its bosome , but being turned back and sent off with its smooth pretences , or rougher waftings , it wandred about the room and beat upon the roof , and still doubled its heat and motion : So is a sicknesse and a sorrow entertained by an unquiet and a discontented man , turned back either with anger , or with excuses ; but then the pain passes from the stomack to the liver , and from the liver to the heart , and from the heart to the head , and from feeling to consideration , from thence to sorrow , and at last ends in impatience , and uselesse murmur , and all the way the man was impotent , and weak ; but the sicknesse was doubled and grew imperious and tyrannicall over the soul and body . Massurius Sabinus tels , that the image of the goddesse Angerona was with a mufler upon her mouth placed upon the Altar of Volupia , to represent , that those persons who bear their sicknesses and sorrows without murmur , shall certainly passe from sorrow to pleasure , and the ease and honours of felicity ; but they that with spite and indignation bite the burning coal , or shake the yoak upon their necks , gall their spirits , and fret the skin , and hurt nothing but themselves . 10. Remember that this sicknesse is but for a short time ; If it be sharp it will not last long ; If it be long , it will be easie and very tolerable . And although S. Eadsine Archbishop of Canterbury had twelve years of sicknesse , yet all that while he ruled his Church prudently , gave example of many vertues , and after his death was enrolled in the Calender of Saints , who had finished their course prosperously . Nothing is more unreasonable then to intangle our spirits in wildnesse , and amazement , like a Partrich fluttering in a net , which she breaks not , though she breaks her wings . SECT . V. Remedies against Impatience by way of exercise . THe fittest instrument of esteeming sicknesse easily tolerable , is to remember that which indeed makes it so ; and that is , that God doth minister proper aids and supports to every of his servants whom he visits with his rod. He knows our needs , he pities our sorrows , he relieves our miseries , he supports our weaknesse , he bids us ask for help , and he promises to give us all that , and he usually gives us more , and indeed it is observable , that no story tells of any godly man , who living in the fear of God fell into a violent and unpardoned impatience in his naturall sicknesse , if he used those means which God and his holy Church have appointed . We see almost all men bear their last sicknesse with sorrowes indeed , but without violent passions ; and unlesse they fear death violently , they suffer the sicknesse with some indifferency ; and it is a rare thing to see a man who enjoyes his reason in his sicknesse , to expresse the proper signes of a direct and solemne impatience . For when God layes a sicknesse upon us , he seizes commonly on a mans spirits , which are the instruments of action and businesse ; and when they are secured from being tumultuous , the sufferance is much the easier ; and therefore sicknesse secures all that , which can do the man mischief . It makes him tame and passive , apt for suffering , and confines him to an unactive condition . To which if we adde , that God then commonly produces fear , and all those passions which naturally tend to humility and poverty of spirit , we shall soon perceive by what instruments God verifies his promise to us , ( which is the great security for our patience , and the easinesse of our condition ) that God will lay no more upon us then he will make us able to ●ear , but together with the affliction he will finde a way to escape : Nay , if any thing can be more then this ; we have two or three promises , in which we may safely lodge our selves , and roul from off our thorns and finde ease and rest : God hath promised to be with us in our trouble , and to be with us in our prayers , and to be with us in our hope and con●idence . 2. Prevent the violence and trouble of thy spirit by an act of thanksgiving ; for which in the worst of sicknesses thou canst not want cause , especially if thou remembrest that this pain is not an eternall pain . Blesse God for that ; But take heed also lest you so order your affairs that you passe from hence to an eternall so●r●w . If that be hard , this will be intolerable , But as for the present evil , a few dayes will end it 3. Remember that thou art a man and a Christian : as the Covenant of nature hath made it necessary , so the covenant of grace hath made it to be chosen by thee , to be a suffering person : either you must renounce your religion , or submit to the impositions of God , and thy portion of sufferings . So that here we see our advantages , and let us use them accordingly . The barbarous and warlike nations of old , could fight well and willingly , but could not bear sicknesse manfully . The Greeks were cowardly in their fights , as most wise men are , but because they were learned and well taught , they bore their sicknesse with patience and severity . The Cimbrians and Celtiberians rejoyce in battail like Gyants , but in their diseases they weep like Women . These according to their institution and designes had unequal courages , and accidental fortitude ; but since our Religion hath made a covenant of sufferings ; and the great businesse of our lives is sufferings , and most of the vertues of a Christian are passive graces , and all the promises of the Gospel are passed upon us through Christs crosse , we have a necessity upon us to have an equal courage in all the variety of our sufferings : for without an universal fortitude we can do nothing of our dutie . 4. Resolve to do as much as you can : for certain it is , we can suffer very much , if we list ; and many men have afflicted themselves unreasonably by not being skilful to consider how much their strength and state could permit ; and our flesh is nice and imperious , crafty to perswade reason that she hath more necessities th●n indeed belong to her , and that she demands nothing superfluous : suffer as much in obedience to God as you can suffer for necessity , or passion , fear , or desire . And if you can for one thing , you can for another , and there is nothing wanting but the minde . Never say ; I can do no more , I cannot endure this . For God would not have sent it , if he had not known thee strong enough to abide it ; onely he that knows thee well already , would also take this occasion to make thee know thy self . But it will be fit that you pray to God to give you a discerning spirit , that you may rightly distinguish just necessity from the flattery and fondnesses of flesh and blood . 5. Propound to your eyes and heart the example of the holy Jesus upon the crosse ; he endured more for thee then thou canst either for thy self or him : and remember that if we be put to suffer , and do suffer in a good cause , or in a good manner , so that in any sense your sufferings be conformable to his sufferings , or can be capable of being united to his , we shall reign together with him . The high way of the Crosse which the King of sufferings hath troden before us , is the way to ease , to a kingdom , and to felicity . 6. The very suffering is a title to an excellent inheritance : for , God chastens every son whom he receives , and if we be not chastised , we are bastards and not sons : and be confident , that although God often sends pardon without correction , yet he never sends correction without pardon , unless it be thy fault : and therefore take every or any affliction as an earnest peny of thy pardon ; and upon condition there may be peace with God , let any thing be welcome that he can send as its instrument or condition . Suffer therefore God to choose his own circumstances of adopting thee , and be content to be under discipline when the reward of that is , to become the son of God : and by such inflictions he hewes and breaks thy body , first dressing it to funeral , and then preparing it for immortality : and if this be the effect or the designe of Gods love to thee ; let it be occasion of thy love to him : and remember that the truth of love is hardly known , but by somewhat that puts us to pain . 7. Use this as a punishment for thy sins ; and so God intends it most commonly ; that is certain , if therefore thou submittest to it , thou approvest of the divine judgement : and no man can have cause to complain of any thing , but of himself ; if either he believes God to be just , or himself to be a sinner : if he either thinks he hath deserved Hell , or that this little may be a means to prevent the greater , and bring him to Heaven . 8. It may be that this may be the last instance , and the last opportunity that ever God will give thee to exercise any vertue , to do him any service , or thy self any advantage ; be careful that thou losest not this ; for to eternal ages , this never shall return again . 9. Or if thou peradventure shalt be restored to health , be carefull that in the day of thy thanksgiving , thou mayest not be ashamed of thy self , for having behaved thy self poorly and weakly upon thy bed : it will be a sensible and excellent comfort to thee , and double upon thy spirit , if when thou shalt worship God for restoring thee , thou shalt also remember that thou didst do him service in thy suffering , and tell that God was hugely gracious to thee in giving thee the opportunity of a vertue , at so easie a rate as a sicknesse , from which thou didst recover . 10. Few men are so sick , but they believe that they may recover ; and we shal seldom see a man lie down with a perfect persuasion that it is his last hour ; for many men have been sicker , and yet have recovered ; but whether thou doest or no , thou hast a vertue to exer●ise , which may be a handmaid to thy patience . Epaphroditus was sick , sick unto death , and yet God had mercy upon him ; and he hath done so to thousands , to whom he found it useful in the great order of things , and the events of universal providence . If therefore thou desirest to recover , here is cause enough of hope ; and hope is designed in the arts of God and of the Spirit , to support patience . But if thou recoverest not , yet there is something that is matter of joy naturally , and very much Spiritually if thou belongest to God , and joy is as certain a support to patience , as hope ; and it is no small cause of being pleased , when we remember that if we recover not , our sicknesse shall the sooner sit down in rest and joy . For recovery by death , as it is easier and better then the recovery by a sickly health , so it is not so long in doing : it suffers not the tediousnesse of a creeping restitution , nor the inconvenience of Surgeons and Physitians , watchfulnesse and care , keepings in , and suffering trouble , fears of relapse and the little reliques of a storm . 11. While we hear , or use , or think of these remedies , part of the sicknesse is gone away , and all of it is passing . And if by such instruments we stand armed and ready dressed before hand , we shall avoid the mischiefs of amazements and surprize ; while the accidents of sicknesse are such as were expected , and against which we stood in readinesse with our spirits , contracted , instructed and put upon the defensive . 12 But our patience will be the better secured , if we consider that it is not violently tempted by the usual arrests of sicknesse ; for patience is with reason demanded while the sicknesse is tolerable ; that is , so long as the evil is not too great ; but if it be also eligible , and have in it some degrees of good , our patience will have in it the lesse difficulty , and the greater necessity . This therefore will be a new stock of consideration . Sicknesse is in many degrees eligible to many men , and to many purposes . SECT . VI. Advantages of Sicknesse . 1. I Consider : one of the great felicities of heaven consists in an immunity from sin : then we shall love God without mixtures of malice ; then we shall enjoy without envy ; then we shall see fuller vessels running over with glory , and crowned with bigger circles , and this we shall behold without spilling from our eyes ( those vessels of joy and grief ) any signe of anger , trouble or a repining spirit : our passions shall be pure , our charity without fear , our desire without lust , our possessions all our own , and all in the inheritance of Jesus , in the richest soil of Gods eternall kingdom . Now half of this reason which makes heaven so happy by being innocent , is also in the state of sicknesse , making the furrows of old age smooth , and the groans of a sick heart apt to be joyned to the musick of Angels ; and though they sound harsh to our untuned ears and discomposed Organs , yet those accents must needs be in themselves excellent which God loves to hear , and esteems them as prayers and arguments of pity , instruments of mercie and grace , and preparatives to glory . In sicknesse , the soul begins to dresse her self for immortality : and first she unties the strings of vanity that made her upper garment cleave to the world and sit uneasily . First she puts off the light and phantastic summer robe of lust , and wanton appetite , and as soon as that Cestus that lascivious girdle is thrown away , then the reins chasten us and give us warning in the night : then that which called us formerly to serve the manlinesse of the body , and the childishnesse of the soul , keeps us waking , to divide the hours with the intervals of prayer , and to number the minutes with our penitential groans : Then the flesh sits uneasily and dwells in sorrow , and then the spirit feels it self at ease , freed from the petulant sollicitations of those passions which in health were as buisie and as restlesse as atomes in the sun , alwayes dancing and alwayes busie and never sitting down till a sad night of grief and uneasinesse draws the vail , and lets them dye alone in se●ret dishonour . 2. Next to this ; the soul by the help of sicknesse knocks off the fetters of pride and vainer complacencies . Then she drawes the curtains , and stops the lights from coming in , and takes the pictures down , those phantastic images of self-love , and gay remembrances of vain opinion , and popular noises . Then the Spirit stoops into the sobrieties of humble thoughts and feels corruption chiding the forwardnesse of fancy , and allaying the vapours of conceit and factious opinions . For humility is the souls grave into which he enters , not to die , but to meditate and i● terre some of its troublesome appendages . There she sees the dust , and feels the dishonours of the body , and reads the Register of all its sad adherencies ; and then she layes by all her vain reflexions , beating upon her Chrystall and pure mirrour from the fancies of strength and beauty , & little decayed prettinesses of the body . And when in sicknesse we forget all our knotty discourses of Philosophy , and a Syllogisme makes our head ake , and we feel our many and loud talkings served no lasting end of the soul , no purpose that now we must abide by ; and that the body is like to descend to the land , where all things are forgotten , then she layes aside all her remembrances of applauses , all her ignorant confidences , and cares onely to know Christ Iesus and him crucified , to know him plainly , and with much heartinesse , and simplicity . And I cannot think this to be a contemptible advantage ▪ for ever since man tempted himself by his impatient desires of knowing , and being as God , Man thinks it the finest thing in the world to know much , and therefore is hugely apt to esteem himself better then his brethren , if he knowes some little impertinencies , and them imperfectly , and that with infinite uncertainty ; But God hath been pleased with a rare art to prevent the inconveniencies apt to arise by this passionate longing after knowledge ; even by giving to every man a sufficient opinion of his own understanding ; and who is there in the world that thinks himself to be a fool , or indeed not fit to govern his brother ? There are but few men but they think they are wise enough , and every man believes his own opinion the soundest , and if it were otherwise , men would burst themselves with envy , or else become irrecoverable slaves to the talking and disputing man. But when God intended this permission to be an antidote of envy , and a satisfaction and allay to the troublesome appetites of knowing , and made that this universal opinion by making men in some proportions equal should be a keeper out , or a great restraint to slavery , and tyranny respectively , Man ( for so he uses to do ) hath turned this into bitternesse : for when nature had made so just a distribution of understanding , that every man might think he had enough , he is not content with that , but will think he hath more then his brother : and whereas it might well be imployed in restraining slavery , he hath used it to break off the bands of all obedience , and it ends in pride and schismes , in heresies and tyrannies : and it being a spiritual evil , it growes upon the soul with old age and flattery , with health and the supports of a prosperous fortune . Now besides the direct operations of the Spirit , and a powerfull grace , there is in nature left to us no remedy for this evil , but a sharp sicknesse , or an equall sorrow , and allay of fortune ; and then we are humble enough to ask counsell of a despised Priest , and to think that even a common sentence from the mouth of an appointed comforter streams forth more refreshment then all our own wiser and more reputed discourses . Then our understandings and our bodies peeping thorow their own breaches see their shame and their dishonour , their dangerous follies , and their huge deceptions , and they go into the clefts of the rock , and every little hand may cover them . 3. Next to these ; As the soul is still undressing , she takes off the roughnesse of her great and little angers , and animosities , and receives the oil of mercies , and smooth forgivenesse , fair interpretations , and gentle answers , designes of reconcilement , and Christian atonement in their places . For so did the wrastlers in Olympus , they stripped themselves of all their garments , and then anointed their naked bodies with oil , smooth and vigorous , with contracted nerves and enlarged voice , they contended vehemently , till they obtained their victory , or their ease , and a crown of Olive ▪ or a huge pity was the reward of their fierce contentions . Some wise men have said , that anger sticks to a mans nature as inseparably as other vices do to the manners of fools , and that anger is never quite cured ; but God that hath found out remedies for all diseases , hath so ordered the circumstances of man , that in worser sort of men , anger and great indignation consume and shrivell into little peevishnesses and uneasie accents of sicknesse , and spend themselves in trifling instances : and in the better and more sanctified , it goes off in prayers , and alms , and solemn reconcilement : And however , the temptations of this state , such I mean which are proper to it , are little and inconsiderable : The man is apt to chide a servant too bitterly , and to be discontented with his nurse , or not satisfied with his Physitian , and he rests uneasily and ( poor man ) nothing can please him ; and indeed these little undecencies must be cured and stopped , lest they run into an inconvenience . But sicknesse is in this particular a little image of the state of blessed Souls , or of Adams early morning in Paradise , free from the troubles of lust , and violencies of anger , and the intricacies of ambition , or the restlesnesse of covetousnesse . For though a man may carry all these along with him into his sicknesse , yet there he will not finde them , and in despite of all his own malice , his soul shall finde some rest from labouring in the galleys , and baser captivity of sin : and if we value those moments of being in the love of God , and in the kingdom of grace , which certainly are the beginnings of felicity , we may also remember that the not sinning actually , is one step of innocence ; and therefore that state is not intolerable , which by a sensible trouble , makes it in most instances impossible to commit those great sins , which make death , and hell , and horrid damnations . And then let us but adde this to it ; that God sends sicknesses , but he never causes sin ; that God is angry with a ●inning person , but never with a man for being sick ; that sin causes God to hate us , and sicknesse causes him to pity us ; that all wise men in the world choose trouble rather then dishonour ; affliction rather then basenesse ; and that sicknesse stops the torrent of sin , and interrupts its violence ; and even to the worst men , makes it to retreat many degrees ; we may reckon sicknesse amongst good things , as we reckon Rhubarb , and Aloës , and child-birth , and labour , and obedience , and discipline : These are unpleasant , and yet safe ; they are troubles in order to blessings , or they are securities from danger , or the hard choices of a lesse and a more tolerable evil . 4. Sicknesse is in some sense eligible , because it is the opportunity and the proper scence of exercising * some vertues . It is that agony in which men are tried for a crown ; and if we remember what glorious things are spoken of the grace of faith , that it is the life of just men , the restitution of the dead in trespasses and sins , the justification of a sinner , the support of the weak , the confidence of the strong , the magazine of promises , and the title to very glorious rewards ; we may easily imagine that it must have in it a work and a difficulty , in some proportion answerable to so great effects . But when we are bidden to beleeve strange propositions , we are put upon it when we cannot judge , and those propositions have possessed our discerning faculties , and have made a party there , and are become domestick before they come to be disputed , and then the articles of faith are so few , and are made so credible , and in their event and in their object are so usefull and gaining upon the affections , that he were a prodigie of man , and would be so esteemed , th●t should in all our present circumstances disbeleeve any point of faith : and all is well as long as the Sun shines , and the fair breath of heaven gently wa●ts us to our own purposes . But if you will try the excellency , and feel the work of faith , place the man in a persecution , let him ride in a storm , let his bones be broken with sorrow , and his eyelids loosened with sicknesse , let his bread be dipped in tears , and all the daughters of Musick be brought low ; Let God commence a quarrell against him , and be bitter in the accents of his anger or his discipline , then God tries your faith . Can you then trust his goodnesse , & beleeve him to be a Father when you groan under his rod ? Can you rely upon all the strange propositions of Scripture , and be content to perish if they be not true ? C●n you receive comfort in the discourses of death and heaven , of immortality , and the resurrection , of the death of Christ , and conforming to his sufferings ? Truth is ; There are but two great periods , in which faith demonstrates it self to be a powerfull , and mighty grace ; and they ●re , persecution and the approaches of death , for the passive part : and a temptation , for the active . In the dayes of pleasure and the night of pain , faith is to fight her agonisticon , to contend for mastery : and faith overcomes all alluring and fond temptations to sin , and faith overcomes all our weaknesses and faintings in our troubles . By the faith of the promises we learn to despise the world , choosing those objects which faith discovers ; and by expectation of the same promises , we are comforted in all our sorrowes , and enabled to look thorow and see beyond the cloud : but the vigor of it is pressed , and called forth , when all our fine discourses come to be reduced to practice . For in our health and clearer dayes , it is easy to talk of putting trust in God : we readily trust him for life when we are in health ; for provisions when we have fair revenues ; and for deliverance when we are newly escaped , but let us come to fit upon the margent of our grave , and let a Tyrant lean hard upon our fortunes , and dwell upon our wrong , let the storm arise , and the keels tosse till the cordage crack , or that all our hopes bulge under us , and descend into the hollownesse of sad misfortunes ; then can you believe , when you neither hear , nor see , nor feel any thing but objections ? This is the proper work of sicknesse : faith is then brought into the theatre , and so exercised , that if it abides but to the end of the contention , we may see that work of faith which God will hugely crown . The same I say of hope , and of charity , or the love of God , and of patience , which is a grace produced from the mixtures of all these : they are vertues which are greedy of danger . And no man was ever honoured by any wise or discerning person for dining upon Persian Carpets , nor rewarded with a crown for being at ease . It was the fire that did honour to Mutius Scevola , poverty made Fabritius famous , Rutilius was made excellent by banishment , Regulus by torments , Socrates by prison , Cato by his death : and God hath crowned the memory of Iob with a wreath of glory because he sate upon his dunghil wisely and temperatly : and his potsheard and his groans mingled with praises and justifications of God , pleased him like an Anthem sung by Angels in the morning of the resurrection . God could not choose but be pleased with the delicious accents of Martyrs , when in their tortures they cryed out nothing but [ Holy Iesus ] and [ blessed be God ] and they also themselves who with a hearty resignation to the Divine pleasure can delight in Gods severe dispensation , will have the transportations of Cherubins , when they enter into the joyes of God. If God be delicious to his servants when he smites them , he will be nothing but ravishments and extasies to their spirits when he refreshes them with overflowings of joy , in the day of recompences . No man is more miserable then he that hath no adversity ; that man is not tryed whether he be good or bad ; and God never crowns those vertues which are onely faculties , and dispositions : but every act of vertue is an ingredient into reward . And we see many children f●irly planted , whose parts of nature were never dressed by art , nor called from the furrowes of their first possibilities by discipline , and institution , and they dwell for ever in ignorance , and converse with beasts : and yet if they had been dressed and exercised , might have stood at the chairs of Princes , or spoken parables amongst the rulers of cities ? Our vertues are but in the seed , when the grace of God comes upon us first : but this grace must be thrown into broken furrowes , and must twice feel the cold , and twice feel the heat , and be softned with storms and showers , and then it will arise into fruitfulnesse and harvests : And what is there in the world to distinguish vertues from dishonours , or the valour of Caesar from the softnesse of the Egyptian Eunuchs , or that can make any thing rewardable , but the labour and the danger , the pain and the difficulty ? Vertue could not be any thing but sensuality , if it were the entertainment of our senses and fond desires ; and Apicius had been the noblest of all the Romans , if seeding a great appetite and despising the severities of temperance had been the work and proper imployment of a wise man. But otherwise do fathers , and otherwise do mothers handle their children : These soften them with kisses and imperfect noises , with the pap and breast milk of soft endearments , they rescue them from Tutors , and snatch them from discipline , they desire to keep them fat and warm , and their feet dry and their bellies full ; and then the children govern , and cry , and prove fools , and troublesome , so long as the feminine republike does endure . But fathers , because they designe to have their children wise and valiant , apt for counsel , or for arms , send them to severe governments , and tye them to study , to hard labour , and a●●lictive contingencies . They rejoyce when the bold boy strikes a lyon with his hunting spear , and shrinks not when the beast comes to affright his early courage . Softnesse is for slaves and beasts , for minstrels and uselesse persons , for such who cannot ascend higher then the state of a fair ox , or a servant entertained for vainer offices : But the man that designes his son for noble imployments , to honours , and to triumphs , to consular dignities and presidences of counsels , loves to see him pale with study or panting with labour , hardned with sufferance or eminent by dangers : and so God dresses us for heaven . He loves to see us strugling with a disease , and resisting the Devil , and contesting against the weaknesses of nature , and against hope to believe in hope , resigning our selves to Gods will , praying him to choose for us , and dying in all things but faith and its blessed consequents , ut ad officium cum periculo simus prompti ; and the danger and the resistance shall endeare the office . For so have I known the boysterous north-winde passe thorough the yielding aire which opened its bosome , and appeased its violence by entertaining it with easie compliance in all the regions of its reception . But when the same breath of Heaven hath been checked with the stiffnesse of a tower , or the united strength of a wood ; it grew mighty , and dwelt there , and made the highest branches stoop , and make a smooth path for it on the top of all its glories : So is sicknesse , and so is the grace of God. When sicknesse hath made the difficulty , then Gods grace hath made a triumph , and by doubling its power hath created new proportions of a reward ; and then shews its biggest glory , when it hath the greatest difficulty to Master , the greatest weaknesses to support , the most busie temptations to contest with : For so God loves that his strength should be seen in our weaknesse , and our danger . Happy is that state of life in which our services to God are the dearest , and the most expensive . 5. Sicknesse hath some degrees of eligibility , at least by an after-choice ; because to all persons which are within the possibilities and state of pardon , it becomes a great instrument of pardon of sins . For as God seldom rewards here and hereafter too : So it is not very often that he punishes in both states ; In great and finall sins he doth so ; but we finde it expressed onely in the case of the sin against the Holy Ghost , which shall never be forgiven in this world , nor in the world to come ; that is , it shall be punished in both worlds , and the infelicities of this world shall but usher in the intollerable calamities of the next . But this is in a case of extremity , and in sins of an unpardonable malice : In those lesser stages of death which are deviations from the rule , and not a destruction and perfect antinomy to the whole institution ; God very often smites with his rod of sicknesse , that he may not for ever be slaying the soul with eternall death . I will visit their offences with the rod , and their sin with scourges : Neverthelesse my loving kindenesse will I not utterly take from him : nor suffer my truth to fail . And there is in the New Testament a delivering over to Satan , and a consequent buffeting for the mortification of the flesh indeed ; but that the soul may be saved in the day of the Lord. And to some persons the utmost processe of Gods anger reaches but to a sharp sicknesse , or at most , but to a temporall death , and then the little momentany anger is spent , and expires in rest , and a quiet grave . Origen , S. Austin , and Cassian say concerning Ananias and Sapphira , that they were slain with a sudden death , that by such a judgement their sin might be punished , and their guilt expiated , and their persons reserved for mercy in the day of judgement . And God cuts off many of his children from the land of the living ; and yet when they are numbred amongst our dead , he findes them in the book of life , written amongst those that shall live to him for ever : and thus it happened to many new Christians in the Church of Corinth for their little undecencies , and disorders in the circumstances of receiving the holy Sacrament . S. Paul sayes ; [ that many amongst them were sick , may were weak , and some were fallen asleep ] He expresses the divine anger against those persons in no louder accents ; which according to the stile of the New Testament , where all the great transactions of duty and reproof are generally made upon the stock of Heaven , and Hell is plainly a reserve , and a period set to the declaration of Gods wrath . For God knowes that the torments of hell are so horrid , so insupportable a calamity , that he is not easy and apt to cast those souls , which he hath taken so much care , and hath been at so much expence to save , into the eternal never dying flames of Hell , lightly , for smaller sins , or after a fairly begun repentance , and in the midst of holy desires to finish it : But God takes such penalties , and exacts such fines of us , which we may pay , salvo contenemento saving the main stake of all , even our precious souls . And therefore S. Augustine prayed to God in his penitential sorrowes . Here O Lord burn and cut my flesh that thou mayest spare me for ever . For so said our blessed Saviour , Every sacrifice must be seasoned with salt , and every sacrifice must be burnt with fire , that is , we must abide in the state of grace , and if we have committed sins we must expect to be put into the state of affliction , and yet the sacrifice will send up a right and un●roubled cloud , and a sweet smell to joyn with the incense of the Altar , where the eternal Priest offers a never ceasing sacrifice . And now I have said a thing against which there can be no exceptions , and of which no just reason can make abatement . For when sicknesse which is the condition of our nature is called for , with purposes of redemption ; when we are sent to death to secure eternal life , when God strikes us that he may spare us , it shewes that we have done things which he essentially hates , and therefore we must be smitten with the rod of God : but in the midst of judgement God remembers mercy and makes the rod to be medicinal , and like the rod of God in the hand of Aaron to shoot forth buds , and leaves , and Almonds , hopes , and mercies and eternal recompences in the day of restitution . This is so great a good to us , if it be well conducted in all the chanels of its intention and designe , that if we had put off the objections of the flesh with abstractions , contempts and separations , so as we ought to do , were as earnestly to be prayed for , as any gay blessing that crowns our cups with joy and our heads with garlands and forgetfulnesse . But this was it which I said , that this may , nay that it ought to be chosen , at least by an after-election : for so said S. Paul , If we judge our selves we shall not be condemned of the Lord , that is , if we judge our selves worthy of the sicknesse ; if we acknowledge and confesse Gods justice in smiting us , if we take the rod of God in our own hands , and are willing to imprint it in the flesh , we are workers together with God , in the infliction , and then the sickness beginning , and being managed in the vertue of repentance , and patience and resignation and charity , will end in peace and pardon and justification , and consignation to glory . That I have spoken truth I have brought Gods Spirit speaking in Scripture for a witnesse . But if this be true , there are not many states of life that have advantages which can out-weigh this great instrument of security to our final condition . Moses dyed at the mouth of the Lord ; said the story ; he died with the kisses of the Lords mouth , ( so the Chaldee Paraphrase ) it was the greatest act of kindesse that God did to his servant Moses ; he kissed him and he died ; But I have some things to observe for the better finishing this consideration . 1. All these advantages and lessenings of evil in the state of sicknesse are onely upon the stock of vertue , and religion . There is nothing can make sicknesse in any sense eligible , or in many senses tolerable but onely the grace of God ; that onely turns sicknesse into easinesse and felicity , which also turnes it into vertue . For whosoever goes about to comfort a vitious person when he lies sick upon his bed , can onely discourse of the necessities of nature , of the unavoidableness of the suffering , of the accidental vexations and increase of torments by impatience , of the fellowship of all the sons of Adam , and such other little considerations , which indeed if sadly reflected upon and found to stand alone , teach him nothing , but the degree of his calamity , and the evil of his condition ; and teach him such a patience and minister to him such a comfort which can only make him to observ decent gestures in his sicknesse , and to converse with his friends and standers by so as may do them comfort , and ease their funeral and civil complaints ; but do him no true advantage . For all that may be spoken to a beast when he is crowned with hairlaces and bound with fillets to the Altar , to bleed to death to appease the anger of the Deity , and to ease the burden of his Relatives . And indeed what comfort can he receive , whose sicknesse as it looks back is an effect of Gods indignation , and fierce vengeance , and if it goes forward and enters into the gates of the grave is a beginning of a sorrow that shall shall never have an ending . But when the sicknesse is a messenger sent from a chastising Father ; when it first turns into degrees of innocence , and then into vertues , and thence into pardon , this is no misery , but such a method of the Divine oeconomy , and dispensation , as resolves to bring us to heaven without any new impositions , but meerly upon the stock and charges of nature . 2. Let it be observed that these advantages which spring from sicknesse , are not in all instances of vertue , nor to all persons . Sicknesse is the proper scene for patience , and resignation , for all the passive graces of a Christian , for faith and hope , and for some single acts of the love of God. But sicknesse is not a fit station for a penitent ; and it can serve the ends of the grace of repentance but accidentally : Sicknesse may * begin a repentance , if God continues life , and if we cooperate with the Divine grace : or sicknesse may help to alleviate the wrath of God and to facilitate the pardon , if all the other parts of this duty be performed in our healthfull state ; so that it may serve at the entrance in , or at the going out . But sicknesse at no hand is a good stage to represent all the substantiall parts of this duty : 1. It invites to it , 2. It makes it appear necessary , 3. It takes off the fancies of vanity , 4. It attempers the spirit , 5. It cures hypocrisie , 6. It tames the fumes of pride , 7. It is the school of patience , 8. And by taking us from off the brisker relishes of the world , it makes us with more gust to taste the things of the Spirit : and all this , onely when God fits the circumstances of the sicknesse , so as to consist with acts of reason , consideration , choice , and a present and reflecting minde : which then God sends when he means that the sickness of the body should be the cure of the soul. But let no man so rely upon it , as by designe , to trust the beginning , the progresse , and the consummation of our piety to such an estate which for ever leaves it unperfect : and though to some persons it addes degrees , and ministers opportunities , and exercises single acts with great advantage , in passive graces , yet it is never an intire or sufficient instrument for the change of our condition , from the state of death to the liberty and life of the sons of God. 3. It were good if we would transact the affairs of our souls with noblenesse and ingenuity , and that we would by an early and forward religion prevent the necessary arts of the Divine providence . It is true , that God cures some by incision , by fire and torments , but these are ever the more obstinate and more unrelenting natures . Gods providence is not so afflictive and full of trouble as that it hath placed sicknesse and infirmity amongst things simply necessary ; and in most persons it is but a sickly and an effeminate vertue which is imprinted upon our spirits with fears and the sorrowes of a feaver , or a peev●sh consumption . It is but a miserable remedy to be beholding to a sicknesse for our health , and though it be better to suffer the losse of a finger , then that the arm and the whole body should putrifie , yet even then also it is a trouble , and an evil to lose a finger . He that mends with sicknesse pares the nails of the beast , when they have already torn off part of the flesh : But he that would have a sicknesse become a clear and an entire blessing , a thing indeed to be reckoned among the good things of God , and the evil things of the world , must lead an holy life , and judge himself with an early sentence , and so order the affairs of his soul , that in the usuall method of Gods saving us , there may be nothing left to be done , but that such vertues should be exercised which God intends to crown : and then , as when the Athenians upon a day of battell with longing and uncertain souls sate in their Common-hall expecting what would be the sentence of the day , at last received a messenger , who onely had breath enough left him to say , [ We are conquerours ] and so died : So shall the sick person , who hath fought a good fight , and kept the faith , and onely wait● for his dissolution , and his sentence , breaths forth his spirit , with the accents of a conquerour , and his sicknesse and his death shall onely make the mercy and the vertue more illustrious . But for the sicknesse it self ; if all the calumnies were true concerning it , with which it is aspersed , yet it is far to be preferred before the most pleasant sin , and before a great secular businesse , and a temporall care ; and some men wake as much in the foldings of the softest beds , as others on the crosse : and sometimes the very weight of sorrow , and the wearinesse of a sicknesse presses the spirit into slumbers and the images of rest , when the intemperate or the lustfull person rolls upon his uneasie thorns , and sleep is departed from his eyes . Certainly it is , some sicknesse is a blessing . Indeed , blindnesse were a most accursed thing , if no man were ever blind , but he whose eyes are pulled out with tortures , or burning basins ; and if sickness were always a testimony of Gods anger , and a violence to a mans whole condition , then it were a huge calamity : but because God sends it to his servants , to his children , to little infants , to Apostles and Saints , with designes of mercy , to preserve their innocence , to overcome temptation , to try their vertue , to fit them for rewards ; it is certain , that sicknesse never is an evil , but by our own faults ; and if we will do our duty , we shall be sure to turn it into a blessing . If the sicknesse be great it may end in death ; and the greater it is , the sooner ; and if it be very little , it hath great intervalls of rest ; if it be between both we may be Masters of it , and by serving the ends of Providence serve also the perfective end of humane nature , and enter into the possession of everlasting mercies . The summe is this ; He that is afraid of pain , is afraid of his own nature , and if his fear be violent , it is a signe his patience is none at all ; and an impatient person is not ready dressed for heaven . None but suffering , humble , and patient persons can go to heaven : and when God hath given us the whole stage of our life to exercise all the active vertues of religion , it is necessary in the state of vertues that some portion and period of our lives be assigned to passive graces ; for patience , for Christian fortitude , for resignation , or conformity to the Divine will. But as the violent fear of sicknesse makes us impatient , so it will make our death without comfort and without religion , and we shall go off from our stage of actions and sufferings , with an unhandsome exit , because we were willing to receive the Kindnesse of God when he expressed it as we listed : But we would not suffer him to be kinde and gracious to us in his own method , nor were willing to exercise and improve our vertues at the charge of a sharp Feaver or a lingring consumption . Woe be to the man that hath lost patience , for what will he do when the Lord shall visit him . SECT . VII . The second temptation proper to the state of sicknesse ; Fear of death , with its remedies . THere is nothing which can make sicknesse unsanctified , but the same also will give us cause to fear death . If therefore we so order our affairs and spirits , that we do no● fear death , our sickness may easily become our advantage , and we can then receive counsel , and consider , and do those acts of vertue , which are in that state the proper services of God : and such which men in bondage and fear are not capable of doing , or of advices how they should , when they come to the appointed dayes of mourning . And indeed if men would but place their designe of being happy in the noblenesse , courage and perfect resolutions of doing handsome things , and passing thorough our unavoidable necessities ; in the contempt and despite of the things of this world , and in holy living , and the perfective desires of our natures , the longings and pursuances after Heaven , it is certain they could not be made miserable by chance and change , by sicknesse and death . But we are so softned and made effeminate with delicate thoughts and meditations of ease , and brutish satisfactions , that if our death comes before we have seized upon a great-fortune , or enjoy the promises of the fortune tellers , we esteem our selves to be robbed of our goods , to be mocked , and miserable . Hence it comes that men are impatient of the thoughts of death ; hence comes those arts of protraction and delaying the significations of old age * ; thinking to deceive the world men cosen themselves , and by representing themselves youthfull , they certainly continue their vanity , till Proserpina pull the perruke from their heads . We cannot deceive God and nature ; for a coffin is a coffin , though it be covered with a pompous veil ; and the minutes of our time strike on , and are counted by Angels , till the period comes which must cause the passing bell to give warning to all the neighbours that thou art dead , and they must be so : and nothing can excuse or retard this : and if our death could be put off a little longer , what advantage can it be in thy accounts of nature or felicity ? They that 3000 years agone dyed unwillingly , and stopped death two dayes , or staid it a week , what is their gain ? where is that week ? and poor spirited men use arts of protraction , and make their persons pitiable , but their condition contemptible ; beeing like the poor sinners at Noahs flood ; the waters drove them out of their lower rooms , then they crept up to the roof , having lasted half a day longer : and then they knew not how to get down : some crept upon the top branch of a tree , and some climbed up to a mountain , and staid it may be three dayes longer ; but all that while they endured a worse torment then death ; they lived with amazement , and were distracted with the ruines of mankinde , and the horrour of an universal deluge . Remedies against the fear of death by way of consideration . 1. God having in this world placed us in a sea , and troubled the sea with a continual storm , hath appointed the Church for a ship , and religion to be the sterne : but there is no haven or port , but death . Death is that harbour whither God hath designed every one , that there he may finde rest from the troubles of the world . How many of the noblest Romans have taken death for sanctuary , and have esteemed it less then shame or a mean dishonour ? And Caesar was cruel to Domitius Captain of Corfinium , when he had taken the town from him , that he refused to signe his petition of death . Death would have hid his head with honour , but that cruel mercy reserved him to the shame of surviving his disgrace . The Holy Scripture giving an account of the reasons of the divine providence taking Godly men from this world ; and shutting them up in a hasty grave , sayes , that they are taken from the evils to come : and concerning our selves it is certain , if we had ten years agone taken seizure of our portion of dust , death had not taken us from good things , but from infinite evils , such which the sun hath seldom seen . Did not Priamus weep oftner then Troilus ? and happy had he been if he had died when his sons were living , and his kingdom safe , and houses full , and his citie unburnt . It was a long life that made him miserable , and an early death onely could have secured his fortune . and it hath happened many times that persons of a fa●r life and a clear reputation , of a good fortune , and an honourable name , have been tempted in their age to folly and vanity , have fallen under the disgrace of dotage , or into an infortunate marriage , or have besottted themselves with drinking , or outlived their fortunes , or become tedious to their friends , or are afflicted with lingring and vexatious diseases , or lived to see their excellent parts buried , and cannot understand the wise discourses and productions of their younger years ; In all these cases and infinite more , do not all the world say but it had been better this man had died sooner ? But so have I known passionate women to shrike aloud when their neerest relatives were dying , and that horrid shrike hath stayed the spirit of the man , a while to wonder at the folly , and represent the inconvenience , and the dying person hath lived one day longer , full of pain , amazed with an undeterminate spirit , distorted with convulsions , and onely come again to act one scene more of a new calamity , and to die with less decency : so also do very many men , with passion and a troubled interest , they strive to continue their life longer , and it may be they escape this sickness , and live to fall into a disgrace ; they escape the storm and fall into the hands of pyrats , and instead of dying with liberty , they live like slaves , miserable and despised , servants to a litle time , and sottish admirers of the breath of their own lungs . Paulus Aemilius did handsomly reprove the cowardice of the King of Macedon , who begged of him for pities sake and humanity , that having conquered him and taken his kingdom from him he would be content with that , and not lead him in triumph a prisoner to Rome . Aemilius told him he need not be beholding to him for that : himself might prevent that in despite of him . But the timorous King durst not die : But certainly every wise man will easily believe that it had been better the Macedonian Kings should have dyed in battel , then protract their life so long , till some of them came to be Scriveners and Joyners at Rome : or that the Tyrant of Sicily better had perished in the Adriatic , then to be wafted to Corinth safely and there turn Schoolmaster . It is a sad calamity that the fear of death shall so imbecill mans courage and understanding , that he dares not suffer the remedie of all his calamities ; but that he lives to say as Liberius did , I have lived this one day longer then I should : either therefore let us be willing to die when God calls , or let us never more complain of the calamities of our life which we feel so sharp and numerous . And when God sends his Angel to us with a scroll of death , let us look on it as an act of mercy , to prevent many sins and many calamities of a longer life ; and lay our heads down softly , and go to sleep without wrangling like babies and froward children . For a man ( at least ) gets this by death , that his calamities are not immortal . But I do not onely consider death by the advantages of comparison , but if we look on it in it self it is no such formidable thing , if we view it on both sides and handle it , and consider all its appendages . 2. It is necessary and therefore not intolerable : and nothing is to be esteemed evil which God and nature have fixed with eternal sanc●ions . It is a law of God , it is a punishment of our sins , and it is the constitution of our nature . Two differing substances were joyned together with the breath of God , and when that breath is taken away they part asunder , and return to their several principles : the soul to God our Father , the body to the earth our Mother : and what in all this is evil ? Surely nothing , but that we are men ; nothing but that we were not born immortall : but by declining this change with great passion , or receiving it with a huge naturall fear , we accuse the Divine Providence of Tyranny , and exclaim against our naturall constitution and are discontent that we are men . 3. It is a thing that is no great matter in it self : if we consider that we die daily , that it meets us in every accident , that every creature carries a dart along with it and can kill us . And therefore when Lysimachus threatned Theodorus to kill him , he told him , that was no great matter to do , and he could do no more then the Cantharides could ; a little flie could do as much . 4. It is a thing that every one suffers , even persons of the lowest resolution , of the meanest vertue , of no breeding , of no discourse . Take away but the pomps of death , the disguises and solemn bug-bears , the tinsell , and the actings by candle-light , and proper and phantastic ceremonies , the minstrels and the noise-makers , the women and the weepers , the swoonings and the shrikings , the Nurses and the Physicians , the dark room and the Ministers , the Kinred and the Watchers , and then to die is easie , ready and quitted from its troublesome circumstances . It is the same harmelesse thing , that a poor shepherd suffered yesterday , or a maid-servant to day ; and at the same time in which you die , in that very night , a thousand creatures die with you , some wise men , and many fools ; and the wisdom of the first will not quit him , and the folly of the latter does not make him unable to die . 5. Of all the evils of the world which are reproached with an evil character , death is the most innocent of its accusation . For when it is present , it hurts no body ; and when it is absent , 't is indeed troublesome , but the trouble is owing to our fears , not to the affrighting and mistaken object : and besides this , if it were an evil , it is so transient , that it passes like the instant , or undiscerned portion of the present time ; and either it is past , or it is not yet ; for just when it is , no man hath reason to complain of so insensible , so sudden , so undiscerned a change . 6. It is so harmelesse a thing , that no good man was ever thought the more miserable for dying , but much the happier . When men saw the graves of Calatinus , of the Servicij , the Scipio's , the Metelli , did ever any man among the wisest Romans think them unhappy ? And when S. Paul fell under the sword of Nero , and S. Peter died upon the crosse , and S. Stephen from an heap of stones was carried into an easier grave , they that made great lamentation over them , wept for their own interest , and after the manner of men ; but the Martyrs were accounted happy , and their dayes kept solemnly , and their memories preserved in never dying honours . When S. Hilary Bishop of Poictiers in France went into the East to reproove the Arian heresie , he heard that a young noble Gentleman , treated with his daughter Abra for marriage : The Bishop wrote to his daughter , that she should not ingage her promise , nor do countenance to that request , because he had provided for her a husband fair , rich , wise and noble , farre beyond her present offer . The event of which was this : She obeyed , and when her father returned from his Eastern triumph to his Western charge , he prayed to God that his daughter might die quickly , and God heard his prayers , and Christ took her into his bosome , entertaining her with antepasts and caresses of holy love , till the day of the marriage Supper of the Lamb shall come . But when the Bishops wife observed this event , and understood of the good man her husband what was done , and why , she never left him alone till he obtained the same favour for her ; and she also at the prayers of S. Hilary went into a more early grave and a bed of joyes . 7. It is a sottish and an unlearned thing to reckon the time of our life as it is short or long , to be good or evil fortune ; life in it self being neither good nor bad , but just as we make it , and therefore so is death . 8. But when we consider , death is not onely better then a miserable life , not onely an easie and innocent thing in it self , but also that it is a state of advantage , we shall have reason not to double the sharpnesses of our sicknesse by our fear of death : Certain it is , death hath some good upon its proper stock : praise and a fair memory , a reverence and religion toward them so great , that it is counted dishonest to speak evil of the dead ; then they rest in peace and are quiet from their labours and are designed to immortality . Cleobis and Biton , Throphonius and Agamedes had an early death sent them as a reward , to the former for their piety to their Mother , to the latter for building of a Temple . To this , all those arguments will minister , which relate the advantages of the state of separation and resurrection . SECT . VIII . Remedies against fear of death , by way of exercise . 1. HE that would willingly be fearlesse of death , must learn to despise the world ; he must neither love any thing passionately , nor be proud of any circumstance of his life . O death how bitter is the remembrance of thee to a man that liveth at rest in his possessions , to a man that hath nothing to vex him , and that hath prosperity in all things , yea unto him that is yet able to receive meat ? said the son of Sirach . But the parts of this exercise help each other . If a man be not incorporated in all his passions to the things of this world , he will lesse fear to be divorced from them by a supervening death ; and yet because he must part with them all in death , it is but reasonable he should not be passionate for so fugitive and transient interest . But if any man thinks well of himself for being a handsome person , or if he be stronger and wiser then his neighbours , he must remember that what he boasts of will decline into weaknesse and dishonour ; but that very boasting and complacency , will make death keener , and more unwelcome , because it comes to take him from his confidences and pleasures , making his beauty equal to those Ladies that have slept some years in Charnel houses , and their strength not so stubborn as the breath of an infant , and their wisdom such which can be looked for in the land where all things are forgotten . 2. He that would not fear death , must strengthen his spirit with the proper instruments of Christian fortitude . All men are resolved upon this , that to bear grief honestly and temperately and to dye willingly and nobly is the duty of a good and of a valiant man : and they that are not so , are vitious , and fools , and cowards . All men praise the valiant , and honest , and that which the very Heathen admired in their noblest examples , is especially patience and contempt of death . Zeno Eleates endured torments rather then discover his friends or betray them to the danger of the Tyrant : and Calanus the barbarous and unlearned Indian willingly suffered himself to be burnt alive : and all the women did so , to do honour to their Husbands Funeral , and to represent and prove their affections great to their Lords . The religion of a Christian does more command fortitude , then ever did any institution ; for we are commanded to be willing to die for Christ , to dye for the brethren , to dye rather then give offence or scandal ; the effect of which is this ; that he that is instructed to do the necessary parts of his duty ; is by the same instrument fortified against death : As he that does his duty need not fear death : so neither shall he ; the parts of his duty , are parts of his security . It is certainly a great basenesse and pusillanimitie of spirit that makes death terrible and extremely to be avoided . 3. Christian prudence is a great security against the fear of death . For if we be afraid of death it is but reasonable to use all spiritual arts to take off the apprehension of the evil : but therefore we ought to remove our fear , because fear gives to death wings and spurres , and darts . Death hastens to a fearful man : if therefore you would make death harmlesse and slow ; to throw off fear is the way to do it ; and prayer is the way to do that . If therefore you be afraid of death , consider you will have lesse need to fear it , by how much the less you do fear it : and so cure your direct fear by a reflex act of prudence , and consideration . Fannius had not dyed so soon , if he had not feared death : and when Cneius Carbo begged the respite of a little time for a base imployment of the souldiers of Pompey , he got nothing , but that the basenesse of his fear dishonoured the dignity of his third Consulship ; and he chose to dye in a place , where none but his meanest servants should have seen him . I remember a story of the wrastler Polydamas that running into a cave to avoid the storm , the water at last swelled so high , that it began to presse that hollownesse to a ruine : which when his fellowes espied they chose to enter into the common fate of all men , and went abroad : but Polydamas thought by his strength to support the earth till its intolerable weight crushed him into flatnesse and a grave . Many men run for shelter to a place , and they onely finde a remedie for their fears by feeling the worst of evils : fear it self findes no sanctuary but the worst of sufferance ; and they that flye from a battel are exposed to the mercy and fury of the pursuers , who if they faced about , were as well disposed to give laws of life and death , as to take them ; and at worst can but die nobly ; but now even at the very best , they live shamefully or die timorously . Courage is the greatest security ; for it does most commonly safeguard the man , but alwayes rescues the condition from an intolerable evil . 4. If thou wilt be fearlesse of death , endeavour to be in love with the felicities of Saints and Angels : and be once perswaded to believe that there is a condition of living better then this ; that there are creatures more noble then we ; that above there is a countrey better then ours ; that the inhabitants know more and know better ; and are in places of rest and desire : and first learn to value it , and then learn to purchase it ; and death cannot be a formidable thing , which lets us into so much joy & so much felicity . And indeed who would not think his condition mended if he passed from conversing with dull mortals , with ignorant and foolish persons , with Tyrants and enemies of learning , to converse with Homer and Plato , with Socrates and Cicero , with Plutarch and Fabricius ? So the Heathens speculated : but we consider higher . The dead that die in the Lord shall converse with S. Paul , and all the Colledge of the Apostles , and all the Saints and Martyrs ; with all the good men whose memory we preserve in honour : with excellent Kings and holy Bishops , and with the great Shepherd and Bishop of our souls Iesus Christ , and with God himself . For Christ dyed for us , that whether we wake or sleep we might live together with him . Then we shall be free from lust and envy , from fear and rage , from covetousnesse and sorrow , from tears and cowardice ; and these indeed properly are the onely evils that are contrary to felicity and wisdom . Then we shall see strange things and know new propositions , and all things in another manner , and to higher purposes . Cleombrotus was so taken with this speculation , that having learned from Plato's Phaedon the souls abode , he had not patience to stay natures dull leisure , but leapt from a wall to his portion of immortality . And when Pomponius Atticus resolved to die by famine , to ease the great pains of his gout , in the abstinence of two dayes found his foot at ease : But when he began to feel the pleasures of an approaching death , and the delicacies of that ease he was to inherit below , he would not withdraw his foot , but went on and finished his death ; and so did Cleanthes ; and every wise man will despise the little evils of that state , which indeed is the daughter of fear , but the mother of rest , and peace , and felicity . 5. If God should say to us , Cast thy self into the Sea ( as Christ did to S. Peter , or as God concerning Ionas ) I have provided for thee a Dolphin , or a Whale , or a Port , a safety or a deliverance , security or a reward , were we not incredulous and pusillanimous persons if we should tremble to put such a felicity into act , and our selves into possession ? The very duty of resignation , and the love of our own interest are good antidores against fear . In fourty or fifty years we finde evils enough , and arguments enough to make us weary of this life : And to a good man there are very many more reasons to be afraid of life then death , this having in it lesse of evil and more of advantage . And it was a rare wish of that Roman , that death might come onely to wise and excellent persons , and not to fools and cowards , that it might not be a sanctuary for the timerous , but the reward of the vertuous ; and indeed they onely can make advantage of it . 6. Make no excuses to make thy desires of life seem reasonable ; neither cover thy fear and pretences , but suppresse it rather , with arts of severity and ingenuity . Some are not willing to submit to Gods sentence and arrest of death , till they have finished such a designe , or made an end of the last paragraph of their book , or raised such portions for their children , or preached so many sermons , or built their house , or planted their orchard , or ordered their estate with such advantages ; It is well for the modesty of these men that the excuse is ready ; but if it were not , it is certain they would search one out : for an idle man is never ready to die , and is glad of any excuse ; and a busied man hath alwayes something unfinished , and he is ready for every thing but death : and I remember that Petronius brings in Eumolpus composing verses in a desperate storm , and being called upon to shift for himself when the ship dashed upon the rock , cried out to let him alone till he had finished and trimmed his verse , which was lame in the hinder leg ; the man either had too strong a desire to end his verse , or too great a desire not to end his life . But we must know Gods times are not to be measured by our circumstances ; and what I value , God regards not , or if it be valuable in the accounts of men , yet God will supply it with other contingencies of his providence : and if Epaphroditus had died when he had his great sicknesse S. Paul speaks of , God would have secured the work of the Gospel without him , and he could have spared Epaphroditus as well as S. Stephen , and S. Peter , as well as S. Iames : Say no more , but when God calls , lay aside thy papers and first dresse thy soul , and then dresse thy hearse . Blindnesse is odious , and widow-hood is sad , and destitution is without comfort , and persecution is full of trouble , and famine is intolerable , and tears are the sad ease of a sadder heart ; but these are evils of our life , not of our death . For the dead that die in the Lord are so farre from wanting the commodities of this life , that they do not want life it self . After all this , I do not say it is a sin to be afraid of death : we find the boldest spirit that discourses of it with confidence , and dares undertake a danger as big as death , yet doth shrink at the horror of it when it comes dressed in its proper circumstances ; And Brutus who was as bold a Roman to undertake a noble action , as any was since they first reckoned by Consuls , yet when Furius came to cut his throat after his defeat by Anthony , he ran from it like a girl , and being admonished to die constantly , he swore by his life , that he would shortly endure death . But what do I speak of such imperfect persons ? Our B. Lord was pleased to legitimate fear to us , by his agony and prayers in the garden . It is not a sin to be afraid , but it is a great felicity to be without fear , which felicity our dearest Saviour refused to have , because it was agreeable to his purposes to suffer any thing that was contrary to felicity , every thing but sin . But when men will by all means avoid death , they are like those who at any hand resolve to be rich : The case may happen in which they wil blaspheme , and dishonor providence , or do a base action , or curse God , and die : But in all cases they die miserable and insnared , and in no case do they die the lesse for it . Nature hath left us the key of the Churchyard , and custome hath brought Caemeteries and charnell houses into Cities and Churches , places most frequented , that we might not carry our selves strangely in so certain , so expected , so ordinary , so unavoydable an accident . All reluctancy or unwillingnesse to obey the Divine decree , is but a snare to our selves , and a load to our spirits , and is either an intire cause , or a great aggravation of the calamity . Who did not scorn to look upon Xerxes when he caused 300. stripes to be given to the Sea , and sent a chartell of defiance against the Mountain Atho ? Who did not scorn the proud vanity of Cyrus when he took so goodly a revenge upon the river Cyndus for his hard passage over it ? or did not deride or pity the Thracians for shooting arrowes against heaven , when it thunders ? To be angry with God , to quarrell with the Divine providence , by repining against an unalterable , a naturall , an easie sentence , is an argument of a huge folly , and the parent of a great trouble ; as man is base and foolish to no purpose , he throwes away a vice to his own misery and to no advantages of ease and pleasure . Fear keeps men in bondage all their life , saith Saint Paul , and patience makes him his own man , and lord of his own interest and person . Therefore possesse your selves in patience , with reason , and religion , and you shall die with ease . If all the parts of this discourse be true ; if they be better then dreams , and unlesse vertue be nothing but words , as a grove is a heap of trees ; if they be not the Phantasmes of hypochondriacall persons , and designes upon the interest of men , and their perswasions to evil purposes ; then there is no reason , but that we should really desire death , and account it among the good things of God , and the sowre and laborious felicities of man. S. Paul understood it well , when he desired to be dissolved : he well enough knew his own advantages , and pursued them accordingly ; But it is certain that he that is afraid of death , I mean , with a violent and transporting fear , with a fear apt to discompose his duty , or his patience , that man either loves this world too much , or dares not trust God for the next . SECT . IX . General rules and exercises whereby our sicknesse may become safe and sanctified . 1. TAke care that the cause of thy sicknesse be such as may not sowre it in the principle and original causes of it . It a sad calamity to passe into the house of mourning through the gates of intemperance , by a drunken meeting , or the surfets of a loathed and luxurious Table ; for then a man suffers the pain of his own ●olly , and he is like a fool smarting under the whip which his own vitiousnesse twisted for his back ; then a man payes the price of his sin , and hath a pure and an unmingled sorrow in his suffering ; and it cannot be alleviated by any circumstances ; for the whole affair is a meere processe of death and sorrow . Sin is in the head , sicknesse is in the body , and death and an eternity of pains in the tail , and nothing can make this condition intolerable unlesse the miracles of the Divine mercy will be pleased to exchange the eternal anger for the temporal . True it is , that in all sufferings the cause of it makes it noble or ignoble , honour or shame , tolerable or intolerable . For when patience is assaulted by a ruder violence , and by a blow from heaven or earth , from a gracious God , or an unjust man , patience looks forth to the doors which way she may escape , and if innocence or a cause of religion keep the first entrance , then whether she escapes at the gates of life or death there is a good to be received , greater then the evils of a sicknesse ; but if sin thrust in that sicknesse , and that hell stands at the door , then patience turns into fury , and seeing it impossible to go forth with safety , rouls up and down with a circular and infinite revolution , making its motion not from , but upon its own centre ; it doubles the pain and increases the sorrow , till by its weight it breaks the spirit and bursts into the agonies of infinite and eternal ages . If we had seen S. Policarp burning to death , or S. Laurence rosted upon his gridiron , or S. Ignatius exposed to lions , or S. Sebastion pierced with arrowes , or S. Attalus carried about the theatre with scorn unto his death for the cause of Jesus , for religion , for God and a holy conscience , we should have been in love with flames , and have thought the gridiron fairer then the spondae , the ribs of a maritall bed : and we should have chosen to converse with those beasts rather then those men that brought those beasts forth ; and estimated the arrows to be the rayes of light brighter then the moon ; and that disgrace and mistaken pageantry were a solemnity richer and more magficent then Mordecai's procession upon the Kings horse , and in the robes of majesty ; for so did these holy men account them : they kissed their stakes , and hugged their deaths , and ran violently to torments , and counted whippings and secular disgraces to be the enamel of their persons , and the ointment of their heads , and the embalming their names , and securing them for immortality . But to see Sejanus torne in pieces by the people , or Nero crying or creeping timorously to his death when he was condemned to dye more majorum , to see Iudas pale and trembling , full of anguish , sorrow and despair , to observe the groanings and intolerable agonies of Herod and Antiochus , will tell and demonstrate the causes of patience and impatience to proceed from the causes of the suffering ; and it is sin onely that makes the cup bitter and deadly ; when men by vomiting measure up the drink they took in , and sick and sad do again taste their meat turned into choler by intemperance , the sin and its punishment are mingled so , that shame covers the face , and sorrow puts a veil of darknesse upon the heart , and we scarce pity a vile person that is haled to execution for murder or for treason , but we say he deserves it , and that every man is concerned in it that he should dye . If lust brought the sicknesse or the shame ; if we truly suffer the reward of our evil deeds , we must thank our selves ; that is , we are fallen into an evil condition , and are the sacrifice of the Divine justice . But if we live holy lives , and if we enter well in , we are sure to passe on safe , and to goe forth with advantage , if we list our selves . 2. To this relates , that we should not counterfeit sicknesse ; For he that is to be carefull of his passage into a sicknesse will think himself concerned that he fall not into it through a trap door : for so it hath sometimes happened , that such counterfeiting , to light and evil purposes hath ended in a real sufferance : Appian tells of a Roman Gentleman , who to escape the proscription of the Triumvirate , fled , and to secure his privacy counterfeited himself blinde on one eye , and wore a plaister upon it , till beginning to be free from the malice of the three prevailing princes , he opened his hood , but could not open his eye , but for ever lost the use of it , and with his eye paid for his libertie and hypocrisie . And Celius counterfeited the gout , and all its circumstances and pains , its dressings and arts of remedy , and complaint , till at last the gout really entred and spoiled the pageantry . His arts of dissimulation were so witty that they put life and motion into the very image of the disease ; he made the very picture to sigh and groan . It is easie to tell upon the interest of what vertue , such counterfeiting is to be reproved . But it will be harder to snatch the politicks of the world from following that which they call a canonized and authentick precedent● : and Davids counterfeiting himself mad before the King of Gath , to save his life and liberty , wil be sufficient to entice men to serve an end upon the stock & charges of so small an irregularity ; not in the matter of manners , but in the rules and decencies of natural or civil deportment . I cannot certainly tell what degrees of excuse Davids action might put on . This onely : besides his present necessity ; the Laws whose coercitive or directive power David lived under , had lesse of severity and more of liberty ; and towards enemies had so little of restraint , and so great a power , that what amongst them was a direct sin , if used to their brethren the sons of Iacob , was lawfull and permitted to be acted against enemies . To which also I adde this general caution , that the actions of holy persons in Scripture are not alwayes good precedents to us Christians , who are to walk by a rule and a greater strictnesse , with more simplicity and heartinesse of pursuit . And amongst them , sanctity and holy living did in very many of its instances increase in new particulars of duty ; and the prophets reproved many things which the law forbad not , and taught many duties which Moses prescribed not ; and as the time of Christs approach came , so the sermons and revelations too were more evangelical , and like the patterns which were ●ully to be exhibited by the Son of God. Amongst which it is certain , that Christian simplicity and godly sincerity is to be accounted , * and counterfeiting of sicknesse is a huge enemy to this : * it is an upbraiding the Divine providence , * a jesting with fire , * a playing with a thunderbolt , * a making the decrees of God to serve the vitious or secular ends of men ; * it is a tempting of a judgement , * a fal●e accusation of God , * a forestalling and antidating his anger , * it is a cousening of men by making a God party in the fraud ; and therefore if the cousenage returns upon the mans own head , he enters like a fox into his sicknesse , and perceives himself catched in a trap , or earthed in the intolerable dangers of the grave . 3. Although we must be infinitely careful to prevent it , that sin does not thrust us into a sicknesse , yet when we are in the house of sorrow , we should do well to take Physick against sin , and suppose that it is the cause of the evil ; if not by way of natural causality and proper effect , yet by a moral influence , and by a just demerit . We can easily see when a man hath got a surfet ; intemperance is as plain as the hand writing upon the wall , and easier to be read : but covetousness may cause a Feaver as well as drunkennesse , and pride can produce a falling sickness as well as long washings , and dilutions of the brain , and intemperate lust : and we finde it recorded in Scripture that the contemptuous and unprepared manner of reception of the Holy Sacraments caused sicknesse and death ; and Sacriledge and Vow-breach in Ananias and Saphira made them to descend quick into their graves . Therefore when sicknesse is upon us , let us cast about , and if we can , let us finde out the cause of Gods displeasure , that it being removed , we may return into the health and securities of Gods loving kindnesse . Thus in the three years famine David enquired of the Lord what was the matter ? and God answered , it is for Saul , and his bloody house : and then David expiated the guilt , and the people were full again of food and blessing : and when Israel was smitten by the Amorites , Ioshuah cast about , and found out the accursed thing , and cast it out , and the people after that fought prosperously . And what God in that case said to Ioshua , he will also verifie to us ; I will not be with you any more unlesse you destroy the accursed thing from among you . But in pursuance of this we are to observe that although in case of loud and clamorous sins the discovery is easy and the remedie not di●ficult ; yet because Christianity is a nice thing , and religion is as pure as the sun , and the soul of man is apt to be troubled from more principles then the in●ricate and curiosluy composed bodie in its innum●rable parts , it will often happen that if we go to enquire into the particular , we shall never finde it out : and we may suspect drunkennesse when it may be also a morose delectation in unclean thoughts , or covetousnesse , or oppression , or a crafty invasion of my neighbours rights , or my want of charity or my judging unjustly in my own cause , or my censuring my neighbours , or a secret pride , or a base hypocrisie , or the pursuance of little ends with violence and passion , that may have procured the present messenger of death . Therefore ask no more after any one , but heartily endeavour to reform all : sin no more lest a worse thing happen , for a single search or accusation may be the designe of an imperfect repentance ; but no man does heartily return to God , but he that decrees against every irregularity ; and then onely we can be restored to health or life , when we have taken away the causes of sicknesse and a cursed death . 4. He that means to have his sicknesse turn into safety and life , into health and vertue , must make religion the imployment of his sicknesse , and prayer the imployment of his religion . For there are certain compendiums or abbreviatures and shortnings of religion , fitted to several states . They that first gave up their names to Christ , and that turned from Paganism to Christianity had an abbreviature fitted for them ; they were to renounce their false worshippings , and give up their belief , and vow their obedience unto Christ , and in the very profession of this they were forgiven in Baptism . For God hastens to snatch them from the power of the Devil , and therefore shortens the passage , and secures the estate . In the case of poverty God hath reduced this dutie of man , to an abbreviature of those few graces which they can exercise ; such as are patience , contentednesse , truth , and diligence ; and the rest he accepts in good will , and the charities of the soul , in prayers and the actions of a cheap religion . And to most men charity is also an abbreviature . And as the love of God shortens the way to the purchase of all vertues , so the expression of this to the poor , goes a huge way in the requisites , and towards the consummation of an excellent religion : and Martyrdom is another abbreviature : and so is every act of an excellent and heroical vertue . But when we are fallen into the state of sicknesse , and that our understanding is weak and troubled , our bodies sick and uselesse , our passions turned into fear , and the whole state into suffering , God in complyance and mans infirmity hath also turned our religion into such a duty , which a sick man can do most passionately , and a sad man and a timorous can perform effectually , and a dying man can do to many purposes of pardon and mercy , and that is , prayer . For although a sick man is bound to do many acts of vertue of several kindes , yet the most of them are to be done in the way of prayer . Prayer is not onely the religion that is proper to a sick mans condition , but it is the manner of doing other graces which is then left , and in his power . For thus the sick man is to do his repentance , and his mortifications , his temperance and his chastity , by a fiction of imagination bringing the offers of the vertue to the spirit , & making an action of election , and so our prayers are a direct act of chastity when they are made in the matter of that grace ; just as repentance for our cruelty , is an act of the grace of mercie : and repentance for uncleannesse is an act of chastity , is a means of its purchase , an act in order to the habit : and though such acts of vertue which are onely in the way of prayer are ineffective to the intire purchase , and of themselves cannot change the vice into vertue , yet they are good renewings of the grace , and proper exercise of a habit already gotten . The purpose of this discourse is to represent the excellency of prayer , and its proper advantages which it hath in the time of sicknesse . For besides that it moves God to pity , piercing the clouds & making the Heavens like a pricked eye to weep over us , and refresh us with showers of pity ; it also doth the work of the soul , and expresses the vertue of his whole life in effigie , in pictures and lively representments , so preparing it for a never ceasing crown , by renewing the actions in the continuation of a never ceasing , a never hindred affection . Prayer speaks to God , when the tongue is stiffned with the approachings of death : prayer can dwell in the heart and be signified by the hand or eye , by a thought or a groan ; prayer of all the actions of religion is the last alive , and it serves God without circumstances , and exercises material graces by abstraction from matter , and separation , and makes them to be spiritual : and therefore best dresses our bodies for funeral , or recovery , for the mercies of restitution , or the mercies of the grave . 5. In every sicknesse whether it will or will not be so in nature and in the event , yet in thy spirit and preparations resolve upon it , and treat thy self accordingly as if it were a sicknesse unto death . For many men support their unequall courages by flattery and false hopes , and because sicker men have recovered , beleeve that they shall do so ; but therefore , they neglect to adorn their souls , or set their house in order ; besides the temporall inconveniences that often happen by such perswasions and putting off the evil day , such as are , dying Intestate , leaving estates intangled , and some Relatives unprovided for , they suffer infinitely in the interest and affairs of their soul , they die carelesly and surprized , their burdens on , and their scruples unremoved , and their cases of conscience not determined , and like a sheep , without any care taken concerning their precious souls . Some men will never beleeve that a villain will betray them , though they receive often advices from suspicious persons and likely accidents , till they are entered into the snare , and then they beleeve it when they feel it , and when they cannot return ; but so the treason entred , and the man was betrayed by his own folly , placing the snare in the regions and advantages of opportunity . This evil looks like boldnesse and a confident spirit , but it is the greatest timerousnesse and cowardize in the world . They are so fearfull to die , that they dare not look upon it as possible ; and think that the making of a Will is a mortall signe , and sending for a spirituall man an irrecoverable disease , and they are so afraid lest they should think and beleeve now they must die , that they will not take care that it may not be evil in case they should . So did the Eastern slaves drink wine , and wrapt their heads in a vail , that they might die without sense or sorrow , and wink hard that they might sleep the easier . In pursuance of this rule let a man consider , that whatsoever must be done in sicknesse ought to be done in health ; onely let him observe that his sicknesse as a good monitor chastises his neglect of duty , and forces him to live as he alwayes should ; and then all these solemnities and dressings for death , are nothing else but the part of a religious life , which he ought to have exercised all his dayes ; and if those circumstances can affright him , let him please his fancy by this truth , that then he does but begin to live . But it will be a huge folly if he shall think that confession of his sins will kill him , or receiving the holy Sacrament will hasten his agony , or the Priest shall undo all the hopefull language and promises of his Physitian . Assure thy self thou canst not die the sooner ; But by such addresses thou mayest die much the better . 6. Let the sick person be infinitely carefull that he do not fall into a state of death upon a new account ; that is , at no hand commit a deliberate sin , or retain any affection to the old ; for in both cases he falls into the evils of a surprize , and the horrors of a sudden death . For a sudden death is but a sudden joy , if it takes a man in the state and exercises of vertue : and it is onely then an evil when it finds a man unready . They were sad departures when Tegillinus , Cornelius Gallus the Praetor , Lewis the son of Gonzaga Duke of Mantua , Ladislaus king of Naples , Speusippus , Giachettus of Geneva , and one of the Popes died in the forbidden embraces of abused women ; or if Iob had cursed God and so died ; or when a man sits down in despair , and in the accusation and calumny of the Divine mercy ; they make their night sad , and stormy and eternall . When Herod began to sink with the shamefull torment of his bowels , and felt the grave open under him , he imprisoned the Nobles of his Kingdom , and commanded his Sister that they should be a sacrifice to his departing ghost . This was an egresse fit onely for such persons who meant to dwell with Devils to eternall ages , and that man is hugely in love with sin who cannot forbear , in the week of the Assizes , and when himself stood at the barre of scrutiny and prepared for his finall , never to be reversed sentence . He dies suddenly to the worst sense and event of sudden death , who so manages his sicknesse that even that state shall not be innocent , but that he is surprized in the guilt of a new account . It is a signe of a reprobate spirit , and an habituall prevailing , ruling sin , which exacts obedience when the judgement looks him in the face . At least go to God with the innocence and fair deportment of thy person in the last scene of thy life , that when thy soul breaks into the state of separation , it may carry the relishes of religion and sobriety to the places of its abode and sentence . * 7. When these things are taken care for , let the sick man so order his affairs that he have but very little conversation with the world , but wholly ( as he can ) attend to religion , and antedate his conversation in heaven , alwayes having entercourse with God , and still conversing with the Holy Jesus , kissing his wounds , admiring his goodnesse , beging his mercy , feeding on him with faith , and drinking his blood , to which purpose it were very fit ( if all circumstances be answerable ) that the narrative of the passion of Christ be read or discoursed to him at length , or in brief according to the stile of the four Gospels . But in all things , let his care and society be as little secular as is possible . CHAP. IV. Of the practise of the graces , proper to the state of sicknesse , which a sick man may practise alone . SECT . I. Of the practise of Patience . NOw we suppose the man entring upon his Scene of sorrows , and passive graces : It may be he went yesterday to a wedding , merry and brisk , and there he felt his sentence , that he must return home and die . For men very commonly enter into the snare singing , and consider not whither their fate leads them ; nor feared that then the Angel was to strike his stroak ; till his knees kissed the earth , and his head trembles with the weight of the rod , which God put into the hand of an exterminating Angel. But whatsoever the ingresse was , when the man feels his blood boil , or his bones weary , or his flesh diseased with a load of a dispersed and disordered humour , or his head to ake , or his faculties discomposed , then he must consider that all those discourses he hath heard concerning patience and resignation , and conformity to Christs sufferings , and the melancholy lectures of the Crosse , must all of them now be reduced to practise , and passe from an ineffective contemplation to such an exercise as will really try whether we were true disciples of the Crosse , or onely beleeved the doctrines of religion when we were at ease , and that they never passed thorow the ear to the heart , and dwelt not in our spirits . But every man should consider God does nothing in vain , that he would not to no purpose send us Preachers , and give us rules , and furnish us with discourse , and lend us books , and provide Sermons , and make examples , and promise his Spirit , and describe the blessednesse of holy sufferings , and prepare us with daily alarums ; if he did not really purpose to order our affairs so that we should need all this , and use it all , there were no such thing as the grace of patience if we were not to feel a sicknesse , or enter into a state of sufferings ; whether when we are entred , we are to practise by the following rules . The practise and acts of patience by way of rule . 1. At the first addresse and presence of sicknesse , stand still and arrest thy spirit , that it may without amazement , or affright consider that this was that thou lookedst for , and were alwayes certain should happen , and that now thou art to enter into the actions of a new religion , the agony of a strange constitution ; but at no hand suffer thy spirits to be dispersed with fear , or wildnesse of thought , but stay their loosenesse and dispersion by a serious consideration of the present and future imployment . For so doth the Lybian Lion spying the fierce huntsman , first beats himself with the stroaks of his tail , and curles up his spirits , making them strong with union and recollection , till being strook with a Mauritanian spear , he rushes forth into his defence and noblest contention ; and either scapes into the secrets of his own dwelling , or else dies , the bravest of the forrest : Every man when shot with an arrow from Gods quiver , must then draw in all the auxiliaries of reason , and know , that then is the time to try his strength , and to reduce the words of his religion into action , and consider that if he behaves himself weakly and timerously , he suffers never the lesse of sicknesse ; but if he turns to health he carries along with him the mark of a coward and a fool ; and if he descends into his grave , he enters into the state of the faithlesse and unbeleevers . Let him set his heart firm upon this resolution , I must bear it inevitably ; and I will by Gods grace do it nobly . 2. Bear in thy sicknesse all along the same thoughts , propositions , and discourses concerning thy person , thy life , and death , thy soul and religion , which thou hadst in the best dayes of thy health , and when thou didst discourse wisely concerning things spirituall . For it is to be supposed ( and if it be not yet done , let this rule remind thee of it , and direct thee ) that thou hast cast about in thy health and considered concerning thy change , and the evil day , that thou must be sick and die , that you must need a comforter , and that it was certain thou shouldst fall into a state in which all the cords of thy anchor should be stretched , and the very rock and foundation of faith should be attempted ; and whatsoever fancies may disturb you , or whatever weaknesses may invade you , yet consider , when you were better able to judge and governe the accidents of your life , you concluded it necessary to trust in God , and possesse your souls with patience . Think of things as they think that stand by you , and as you did when you stood by others , that it is a blessed thing to be patient , , that a quietnesse of spirit hath a certain reward , that still there is infinite truth and reality in the promises of the Gospel , that still thou art in the care of God , in the condition of a son , and working out thy salvation with labour and pain , with fear and trembling , that now the Sun is under a cloud , but it still sends forth the same influence ; and be sure to make no new principles upon the stock of a quick and an impatient sense , or too busie an apprehension : keep your old principles , and upon their stock discourse and practise on towards your conclusion . 3. Resolve to bear your sicknesse like a child , that is , without considering the evils and the pains , the sorrows and the danger ; but go straight forward , and let thy thoughts cast about for nothing , but how to make advantages of it by the instrument of religion . He that from a high tower looks down upon the precipice and measures the space through which he must descend , and considers what a huge fall he shall have , shall feel more by the horror of it , then by the last dash on the pavement : and he that tells his groans and numbers his sighs , and reckons one for every gripe of his belly , or throb of his distempered pulse , will make an artificiall sicknesse greater then the naturall ; and if thou beest ashamed that a childe should bear an evil better then thou , then take his instrument and allay thy spirit with it . ; reflect not upon thy evil , but contrive as much as you can for duty , and in all the rest , inconsideration will ease your pain . 4. If thou fearest thou shalt need ; observe and draw together all such things as are apt to charm thy spirit , and ease thy fancy in the sufferance . It is the counsell of Socrates : It is ( said he ) a great danger , and you must by discourse and arts of reasoning inchant it into slumber and some rest . It may be thou wert moved much to see a person of honour to die untimely ; or thou didst love the religion of that death bed , and it was dressed up in circumstances fitted to thy needs , and hit thee on that part , where thou wert most sensible ; or some little saying in a Sermon , or passage of a book was chosen and singled out by a peculiar apprehension , and made consent lodge a while in thy spirit , even then when thou didst place death in thy meditation , and didst view it in all its dresse of fancy : whatsoever that was which at any time did please thee in thy most passionate and fantastic part , let not that go , but bring it home at that time especially ; because then thou art in thy weaknesse , such little things will easier move thee then a more severe discourse and a better reason . For a sick man is like a scrupulous : his case is gone beyond the cure of arguments , and it is a trouble that can onely be helped by chance , or a lucky saying ; and Ludovico Corbinelli was moved at the death of Henry the second more then if he had read the saddest Elegy of all the unfortunate Princes in Christendom , or all the sad sayings of Scripture , or the threnes of the funerall prophets . I deny not , but this course is most proper to weak persons ; but it is a state of weaknesse for which we are now providing remedies and instruction ; a strong man will not need it : But when our sicknesse hath rendred us weak in all senses , it is not good to refuse a remedy , because it supposes us to be sick . But then if to the Catalogue of weak persons we adde all those who are ruled by fancy , we shall find that many persons in their health , and more in their sicknesse , are under the dominion of fancy , and apt to be helped by those little things , which themselves have found fitted to their apprehension ; and which no other man can minister to their needs , unlesse by chance , or in a heap of other things . But therefore every man should remember by what instruments he was at any time much moved , and try them upon his spirit in the day of his calamity . 5. Do not choose the kind of thy sicknesse , or the manner of thy death ; but let it be what God please , so it be no greater then thy spirit , or thy patience : and for that , you are to rely upon the promise of God ; and to secure thy self by prayer and industry ; but in all things else , let God be thy chooser , and let it be thy work to submit indifferently , and attend thy duty . It is lawfull to beg of God that thy sicknesse may not be sharp , or noysome , infectious or unusuall , because these are circumstances of evil which are also proper instruments of temptation ; and though it may well concern the prudence of thy religion to fear thy self , and keep thee from violent temptations , who hast so often fallen in little ones ; yet even in these things be sure to keep some degrees of indifferency ; that is , if God will not be intreated to ease thee , or to change thy triall , then be importunate that thy spirit and its interest be secured , and let him do what seemeth good in his eyes ; but as in the degrees of sicknesse thou art to submit to God ; so in the kind of it , ( supposing equall degrees ) thou art to be altogether incurious ; whether God call thee by a consumption or an asthma , by a dropsey or a palsey , by a feaver in thy humours , or a feaver in thy spirits , because all such nicety of choice is nothing but a colour to legitimate impatience , and to make an excuse to murmure privately , and for circumstances , when in the summe of affairs we durst not owne impatience . I have known some persons vehemently wish that they might die of a consumption , and some of these had a plot upon heaven , and hoped by that means to secure it after a carelesse life ; as thinking a lingring sicknesse would certainly infer a lingring and a protracted repentance ; and by that means they thought they should be safest ; others of them dreamed it would be an easier death , and have found themselves deceived , and their patience hath been tired with a weary spirit and a uselesse body , by often conversing with healthfull persons and vigorous neighbours , by uneasinesse of the flesh , and the sharpnesse of his bones , by want of spirits and a dying life ; and in conclusion have been directly debauched by peevishnesse and a fretfull sicknesse , and these men had better have left it to the wisdom and goodnesse of God , for they both are infinite . 6. Be patient in the desires of religion , and take care that the forwardnesse of exteriour actions do not discompose thy spirit : while thou fearest that by lesse serving God in thy disability , thou runnest backward in the accounts of pardon and the favour of God. Be content that the time which was formerly spent in prayer be now spent in vomiting , and carefulnesse and attendances : since God hath pleased it should be so , it does not become us to think hard thoughts concerning it : Do not think that God is onely to be found in a great prayer , or a solemn office ; he is moved by a sigh , by a groan , by an act of love ; and therefore when your pain is great and pungent , lay all your strength upon it , to bear it patiently ; when the evil is something more tolerable , let your mind think some pious , though short meditation ; let it not be very busie , and full of attention ; for that will be but a new temptation to your patience , and render your religion tedious and hatefull ; But record your desires , and present your self to God by generall acts of will and understanding , and by habituall remembrances of your former vigorousnesse , and by verification of the same grace , rather then proper exercises : if you can do more , do it ; but if you cannot , let it not become a scruple to thee ; we must not think man is tyed to the forms of health , or that he who swoons and faints , is obliged to his usual forms and hours of prayer ; if we cannot labour , yet let us love . Nothing can hinder us from that , but our own uncharitablenesse . 7. Be obedient unto thy Physitian in those things that concern him , if he be a person fit to minister unto thee ; God is he onely that needs no help ; and God hath created the Physitian for thine : therefore use him temperately , without violent confidences ; and sweetly without uncivil distrustings , or refusing his prescriptions upon humors or impotent fear . A man may refuse to have his arme or leg cut off , or to suffer the pains of Marius his incision : and if he believes that to dye is the lesse evil , he may compose himself to it without hazarding his patience , or introducing that which he thinks a worse evil ; but that which in this article is to be reproved and avoided , is , that some men will choose to die out of fear of death , and send for Physitians , and do what themselves list , and call for counsel and follow none . When there is reason they should decline him it is not to be accounted to the stock of a sin ; but where there is no just cause , there is a direct impatience . Hither is to be reduced that we be not too confident of the Physitian or drain our hopes of recovery from the ●ountain , through so imperfect chanels ; laying the wells of God dry , and digging to our selves broken cisterns . Physitians are the Ministers of Gods mercies , and providence , in the matter of health and ease , of restitution or death ; and when God shall enable their judgements and direct their counsels , and prosper their medicines , they shall do thee good , for which you must give God thanks , and to the Physitian the honour of a blessed instrument . But this cannot alwayes be done ; and Lucius Cornelius the Lieutenant in Portugal under Fabius the Consul , boasted in the inscription of his monument , that he had lived a healthful and vegete age till his last sicknesse , but then complained he was forsaken by his Physitian , and railed upon Esculapius , for not accepting his vow and passionate desire of preserving his life longer : and all the effect of that impatience and the folly was , that it is recorded to following ages , that he died without reason and without religion . But it was a sad sight to see the favour of all France confined to a Physitian and a Barber , and the King ( Lewis the XI . ) to be so much their servant that he should acknowledge and own his life from them , and all his ease to their gentle dressing of his gout , and friendly ministeries ; for the King thought himself undone and robbed if he should die ; his portion here was fair : and he was loth to exchange his possession for the interest of a bigger hope . 8. Treat thy nurses and servants sweetly and as it becomes an obliged and a necessitous person ; remember that thou art very troublesome to them ; that they trouble not thee willingly ; that they strive to do thee ease and benefit , that they wish it and sigh , and pray for it , and are glad if thou likest their attendance : that whatsoever is amisse is thy disease , and the uneasinesse of thy head or thy side , thy distemper or thy disaffections ; and it will be an unhandsome injustice to be troublesome to them because thou art so to thy self ; to make them feel a part of thy sorrowes that thou mayest not bear them alone ; evilly to requite their care by thy too curious and impatient wrangling , and fretful spirit . That tendernesse is vitious and unnatural that shrikes out under the weight of a gentle cataplasm ; and he will ill comply with Gods rod , that cannot endure his friends greatest kindnesse : And he will be very angry ( if he durst ) with Gods smiting him , that is peevish with his servants that go about to ease him . 9. Let not the smart of your sicknesse make you to call violently for death ; you are not patient , unlesse you be content to live . God hath wisely ordered that we may be the better reconciled with death , because it is the period of many calamities . But where ever the General hath placed thee , stirre not from thy station until thou beest called off , but abide so , that death may come to thee by the designe of him who intends it to be thy advantage ; God hath made sufferance to be thy work , and do not impatiently long for evening , lest at night thou findest the reward of him that was weary of his work ; for he that is weary before his time is an unprofitable servant , and is either idle or diseased . 10 That which remains in the practise of this grace is that the sick man should do acts of patience by way of prayer and ejaculations . In which he may serve himself of the following collection . SECT . II. Acts of patience by way of prayer and ejaculation . I Will seek unto God , unto God will I commit my cause which doth great things and unsearchable : marvellous things without number . To set upon high those that be low , that those which mourn may be exalted to safety . So the poor have hope and iniquity stoppeth her mouth . Behold , happy is the man whom God correcteth : therefore despise not thou the chastening of the Almighty . For he maketh sore and bindeth up , he woundeth and his hands make whole . He shall deliver thee in six troubles , yea in seven there shall no evil touch thee . Thou shalt come to thy grave in a just age like as a shock of corn cometh in his season I remember thee upon my bed , and meditate upon thee in the night watches . Because thou hast been my help , therefore under the shadow of thy wings will I rejoyce . My soul followeth hard after thee , for thy right hand hath upholden me . God restoreth my soul : he leadeth me in the path of righteousnesse for his names sake . Yea though I walk thorough the valley of the shadow of death , I will fear no evil : for thou art with me , thy rod and thy staff , they comfort me . In the time of trouble he shall hide me in his pavilion : in the secret of his tabernacle shal he hide me , he shal set me up upon a rock . The Lord hath looked down from the height of his sanctuary , from the heaven did the Lord behold the earth . To hear the groaning of his prisoners , to loose those that are appointed to death . I cryed unto God with my voice : even unto God with my voice , and he gave ear unto me ; In the day of my trouble I sought the Lord ; my sore ran in the night and ceased not ; my soul refused to be comforted . * I remember God and was troubled : I complained and my spirit was overwhelmed ; thou holdest mine eyes waking : I am so troubled that I cannot speak ; will the Lord cast me off for ever , and will he be favourable no more ? Is his promise clean gone for ever ? doth his promise fail for evermore ? Hath God forgotten to be gracious ? hath he in anger shut up his tender mercies ? And I said , this my infirmity : but I will remember the years of the right hand of the most High. No temptation hath taken me , but such as is common to man : but God is faithful who will not suffer me to be tempted above what I am able ; but will with the temptation also make a way to escape that I may be able to bear it . Whatsoever things were written afore time , were written for our learning , that we through patience and comfort of the Scriptures might have hope . Now the God of peace and consolation grant me to be so minded . It is the Lord , let him do what seemeth good in his eyes . Surely the word that the Lord hath spoken is very good : But thy servant is weak ; O remember mine infirmities ; and lift thy servant up that leaneth upon thy right hand . There is given unto me a thorn in the flesh to buffet me . For this thing I besought the Lord thrice , that it might depart from me ; and he said unto me , My grace is sufficient for thee . For my strength is made perfect in weaknesse . Most gladly therefore will I glory in my infirmities , that the power of Christ may rest upon me . For when I am weak then am I strong . O Lord thou hast pleaded the causes of my soul ; thou hast redeemed my life . And I said , My strength and my hope is in the Lord , remembring my affliction and my misery ; the wormwood and the gall . My soul hath them still in remembrance , and is humbled within me . This I recall to my minde , therefore I have hope . It is the Lords mercies that we are not consumed , because his compassions fail not . They are new every morning , great is thy faithfulnesse . The Lord is my portion said my soul , therefore will I hope in him . The Lord is good unto them that wait for him , to the soul that seeketh him It is good that a man should both hope and quietly wait for the salvation of the Lord. For the Lord will not cast off for ever . But though he cause grief , yet will he have compassion according to the multitude of his mercies . For he doth not afflict willingly nor grieve the children of men . Wherefore doth a living man complain ? a man for the punishment of his sins ? O that thou wouldest hide me in the grave [ of Jesus ] that thou wouldest keep me secret until thy wrath be past , that thou wouldest appoint me a set time and remember me ! Shall we receive good at the hand of God , and shall we not receive evil ? The sick man may recite or hear recited the following Psalms in the intervals of his agony . I. O Lord rebuke me not in thine anger , neither chasten me in thy hot displeasure . Have mercy upon me , O Lord , for I am weak , O Lord heal me , for my bones are vexed . My soul is also sore vexed , but thou , O Lord how long ? Return O Lord , deliver my soul : O save me for thy mercies sake ▪ For in death no man remembreth thee : in the grave who shall give thee thanks . I am weary with my groaning : all the night make I my bed to swim : I water my couch with my tears . Mine eye is consumed because of grief ; it waxeth old because of all my [ sorrowes . Depart from me all ye workers of iniquity , for the Lord hath heard the voice of my weeping . The Lord hath heard my supplication : the Lord will receive my prayer . Blessed be the Lord who hath heard my prayer : and hath not turned his mercy from me . II. IN the Lord put I my trust ; how say ye to my soul , flee as a bird to your mountain ? The Lord is in his holy temple , the Lords throne is in heaven , his eyes behold , his eye-lids try the children of men . Preserve me O God ; for in thee do I put my trust . O my soul thou hast said unto the Lord : thou art my Lord , my goodnesse extendeth not to thee . The Lord is the portion of mine inheritance and of my cup : thou maintainest my lot . I will blesse the Lord who hath given me counsel , my reins also instruct me in the night seasons . I have set the Lord alwayes before me : because he is at my right hand I shall not be moved . Therefore my heart is glad and my glory rejoyceth , my flesh also shall rest in hope . Thou wilt shew me the path of life : in thy presence is the fulnesse of joy , at thy right hand there are pleasures for evermore . As for me I will behold thy face in righteousnesse : I shall be satisfied when I awake with thy likenesse . III. HAve mercy upon me , O Lord , for I am in trouble : mine eye is consumed with grief ; yea my soul and my belly . For my life is spent with grief , and my years with sighing : my strength faileth because of mine iniquity and my bones are consumed . * I am like a broken vessel . But I trusted in thee O Lord , I said thou art my God. My times are in thy hand : make thy face to shine upon thy servant : save me for thy mercies sake . When thou saidst , seek ye my face , my heart said unto thee , thy face Lord will I seek . Hide not thy face from me ; put not thy servant away in thy anger : thou hadst been my help , leave me not , neither forsake me , O God of my salvation . I had fainted unlesse I had beleeved the goodnesse of the Lord in the land of the living . O how great is thy goodnesse , which thou hast laid up for them that fear thee : which thou hast wrought for them that trust in thee , before the sons of men . Thou shalt hide them in the secret of thy presence from the pride of man , thou shalt keep them secretly in a pavilion from the strife of tongues [ from the calumnies and aggravation of sins by Devils . ] I said in my haste , I am cut off from before thine eyes : neverthelesse thou heardest the voice of my supplication , when I cried unto thee . O love the Lord all ye his Saints : for the Lord preserveth the faithfull , and plenteously rewardeth the proud doer . Be of good courage , and he shall strengthen your heart : all ye that hope in the Lord. The Prayer : to be said in the beginning of a sicknesse . O Almighty God mercifull and gracious , who in thy justice didst send sorrow and tears , sicknesse and death into the world as a punishment for mans sins , and hast comprehended all under sin and this sad covenant of sufferings , not to destroy us , but that thou mightest have mercy upon all ; making thy justice to minister to mercy , short afflictions to an eternall weight of glory ; as thou hast turned my sins into sicknesse , so turn my sicknesse to the advantages of holinesse and religion , of mercy and pardon , of faith and hope , of grace and glory : thou hast now called me to the fellowship of sufferings ; Lord by the instrument of religion , let my present condition be so sanctified that my sufferings may be united to the sufferings of my Lord , that so thou mayest pity me , and assist me ; relieve my sorrow and support my spirit ; direct my thoughts , and sanctifie the accidents of my sicknesse ; and that the punishment of my sin may be the school of vertue ; In which since thou hast now entred me , Lord make me a holy proficient ; that I may behave my self as a son under discipline , humbly , and obediently , evenly , and penitently ; that I may come by this means neerer unto thee ; that if I shall go forth of this sicknesse by the gate of life and health , I may return to the world with great strengths of spirit , to run a new race of a stricter holinesse , and a more severe religion : Or if I passe from hence with the out-let of death , I may enter into the bosome of my Lord , and may feel the present joyes of a certain hope of that Sea of pleasures in which all thy Saints and servants shall be comprehended to eternall ages . Grant this for Jesus Christ his sake , our Dearest Lord and Saviour . Amen . An act of resignation to be said by a sick person in all the evil accidents of his sicknesse . O Eternall God , thou hast made me and sustained me , thou hast blessed me in all the dayes of my life , and hast taken care of me in all variety of accidents ; and nothing happens to me in vain ; nothing without thy providence ; and I know thou smitest thy servants in mercy and with designes of the greatest pity in the world : Lord I humbly lie down under thy rod ; do with me as thou pleasest ; do thou choose for me , not onely the whole state and condition of being , but every little and great accident of it . Keep me safe by thy grace , and then use what instrument thou pleasest of bringing me to thee : Lord I am not sollicitous of the passage , so I may get thee . Onely , O Lord , remember my infirmities , and let thy servant rejoyce in thee alwayes , and feel and confesse , and glory in thy goodnesse . O be thou as delightfull to me in this my medicinal sicknesse , as ever thou wert in any of the dangers of my prosperity , let me not peevishly refuse thy pardon at the rate of a severe discipline . I am thy servant and thy creature , thy purchased possession , and thy son , I am all thine , and because thou hast mercy in store for all that trust in thee , I cover my eyes , and in silence wait for the time of my redemption . Amen . A Prayer for the grace of Patience . MOst Mercifull and Gracious Father , who in the redemption of lost Mankind by the passion of thy most holy Son hast established a Covenant of sufferings , I blesse and magnifie thy Name that thou hast adopted me into the inheritance of sons , and hast given me a portion of my elder Brother : Lord , the crosse falls heavy and sits uneasie upon my shoulders ; my spirit is willing , but my flesh is weak , I humbly beg of thee that I may now rejoyce in this thy dispensation and effect of providence ; I know and am perswaded that thou art then as gracious when thou smitest us for amendment or triall , as when thou releevest our wearied bodies , in compliance with our infirmity : I rejoyce O Lord in thy rare and mysterious mercy , who by sufferings hast turned our misery into advantages unspeakable ; for so thou makest us like to thy Son , and givest us a gift that the Angels never did receive ; for they cannot die in conformity to , and imitation of their Lord and ours ; but blessed be thy Name ; we can , and dearest Lord , Let it be so . Amen . II. THou who art the God of patience and consolation strengthen me in the inner man , that I may bear the yoak and burden of the Lord without any uneasie and uselesse murmurs , and ineffective unwillingnesse . Lord , I am unable to stand under the crosse , unable of my self , but thou , O Holy Jesus , who didst feel the burden of it , who didst sink under it , and wert pleased to admit a man to bear part of the load when thou underwentest all for him ; be thou pleased to ease this load by fortifying my spirit ; that I may be strongest when I am weakest , and may be able to do and suffer every thing thou pleasest through Christ which strengthens me . Lord , if thou wilt support me , I will for ever praise thee ; If thou wilt suffer the load to presse me yet more heavily ; I will cry unto thee and complain unto my God , and at last I will lie down and die , and by the mercies and intercession of the Holy Jesus , and the conduct of thy blessed Spirit , and the ministery of Angels , passe into those mansions where Holy souls rest and weep no more . Lord pity me ; Lord sanctifie this my sicknesse ; Lord strengthen me ; Holy Jesus save me and deliver me ; thou knowest how shamefully I have fallen with pleasure ; in thy mercy and very pity , let me not fall with pain too . O let me never charge God foolishly , nor offend thee by my impatience and uneasie spirit , nor weaken the hands and hearts of those that charitably minister to my needs : but let me passe through the valley of tears , and the valley of the shadow of death with safety and peace , with a meek spirit , and a sense of the divine mercies ; and though thou breakest me in pieces , my hope is , thou wilt gather me up in the gatherings of eternity . Grant this eternall God , Gracious Father , for the merits and intercession of our mercifull high Priest , who once suffered for me , and for ever intercedes for me , our most gracious and ever Blessed Saviour Jesus . A Prayer to be said when the sick man takes Physick . O Most blessed and eternall Jesus , thou who art the great Physician of our souls , and the Sun of righteousnesse arising with healing in thy wings ; to thee is given by thy heavenly Father the Government of all the world , and thou disposest every great and little accident to thy Fathers honour , and to the good and comfort of them that love and serve thee : Be pleased to blesse the ministery of thy servant in order to my ease and health , direct his judgement , prosper the medicines , and dispose the chances of my sicknesse fortunately , that I may feel the blessing and loving kindnesse of the Lord , in the ease of my pain , and the restitution of my health ; that I being restored to the society of the living , and to thy solemn Assemblies , may praise thee and thy goodnesse secretly among the faithfull , and in the Congregation of thy redeemed ones , here in the outer-courts of the Lord , and hereafter in thy eternall temple for ever and ever . Amen . SECT . III. Of the practise of the grace of Faith in the time of sicknesse . NOw is the time in which faith appears most necessary and most difficult . It is the foundation of a good life ; and the foundation of all our hopes ; it is that without which we cannot live well , and without which we cannot die well ; it is a grace that then we shall need , to support our spirits to sustain our hopes , to alleviate our sickesse , to resist temptations , to prevent despair : upon the belief of the articles of our religion we can do the works of a holy life ; but upon belief of the promises , we can bear our sicknesse patiently and die cheerfully . The sick man may practise it in the following instances . 1. Let the sick man be careful that he do not admit of any doubt concerning that which he beleeved , and received from common consent in his best health and dayes of election and religion . For if the Devil can but prevail so far as to unfix and unrivet the resolution and confidence or fulnesse of assent , it is easie for him so to unwinde the spirit , that from why to whether or no , from whether or no , to scarcely not , from scarcely not , to absolutely not at all are steps of a descending and falling spirit : and whatsoever a man is made to doubt of by the weaknesse of his understanding in a sicknesse , it will be hard to get an instrument strong or subtle enough to reenforce and ensure ; For when the strengths are gone by which faith held , and it does not stand firme by the weight of its own bulk and great constitution , nor yet by the cordage of a tenacious root , then it is prepared for a ruine , which it cannot escape in the tempests of a sicknesse and the assaults of a Devil . * Discourse and argument , * the line of tradition , and a never * failing experience , * the Spirit of God and the * truth of miracles , * the word of prophecie , * and the blood of Martyrs , * the excellencie of the doctrine and * the necessity of men , * the riches of the promises , * and the wisdom of the revelations , * the reasonablenesse and * sublimity , the * concordance and the * usefulnesse of the articles , and * their complyance with all the needs of man , * and the goverment of common wealths , are like the strings and branches of the roots , by which faith stands firm and unmoveable in the spirit , and understanding of a man. But in sicknesse the understanding is shaken and the ground is removed in which the root did grapple , and support its trunk , and therefore there is no way now , but that it be left to stand upon the old confidences , and by the firmament of its own weight ; it must be left to stand because it alwayes stood there before : and as it stood all his life time in the ground of understanding , so it must now be supported with will and a fixed resolution . But disputation tempts it , and shakes it with trying , and overthrowes it with shaking . Above all things in the world , let the sick man fear a proposition which his sickness hath put into him , contrary to the discourses of health , and a sober untroubled reason . 2. Let the sick man mingle the recital of his Creed together with his devotions , and in that let him account his faith ; not in curiosity and factions , in the confessions of parties and interests ; for some over froward zeals are so earnest to professe their little and uncertain articles , and glory so to die in a particular and divided communion , that in the profession of their faith they lose or discompose their charity ; let it be enough that we secure our interest of heaven , though we do not go about to appropriate the mansions to our sect ; for every good man hopes to be saved as he is a Christian , and not as he is a Lutheran or of another division . However those articles upon which he can build the exercise of any vertue in his sicknesse , or upon the stock of which he can improve his present condition , are such as consist in the greatnesse and goodnesse , the veracity and mercy of God thorough Jesus Christ ; nothing of which can be concerned in the fond disputations which faction and interest hath too long maintained in Christendom . 3. Let the sick mans faith especially be active about the promises of grace , and the excellent things of the gospel ; those which can comfort his sorrowes , and enable his patience ; those upon the hopes of which , he did the duties of his life , and for which he is not unwilling to dye ; such as the intercession and advocation of Christ , remission of sins , the resurrection , the mysterious arts and mercies of mans redemption , Christs triumph over death , and all the powers of hell , the covenant of grace , or the blessed issues of repentance , and above all , the article of eternal life , upon the strength of which 11000 virgins went cheerfully together to their martyrdome , and 20000 Christians were burned by Dioclesian on a Christmas day , and whole armies of Asian Christians offered themselves to the Tribunals of Arius Anthonius , and whole colledges of severe persons were instituted , who lived upon religion , whose dinner was the Eucharist , whose supper was praise , and their nights were watches , and their dayes were labour ; for the hope of which then men counted it gain to lose their estates and gloried in their sufferings , and rejoyced in their persecutions , and were glad at their disgraces ; this is the article that hath made all the Martyrs of Christ confident and glorious , and if it does not more then sufficiently strengthen our spirits to the present suffering it is because we understand it not , but have the appetites of beasts and fools . But if the sick man fixes his thoughts and lets his habitation to dwell here , he swells his hope and masters his fears , and eases his sorrows , and overcomes his temptations . 4. Let the sick man endeavour to turn his faith of the Articles into love of them ; and that will be an excellent instrument , not onely to refresh his sorrows , but to confirm his faith in defiance of all temptations . For a sick man and a disturbed understanding are not competent and fit instruments , to judge concerning the reasonablenesse of a proposition ; But therefore let him consider and love it , because it is usefull and necessary , profitable and gracious ; and when he is once in love with it , and then also renews his love to it , when he feels the need of it ; he is an interested person , and for his own sake will never let it go , and passe into the shadows of doubting , or the utter-darknesse of infidelity . An act of love will make him have a mind to it , and we easily beleeve what we love , but very uneasily part with our belief which we for so great an interest have chosen , and entertained with a great affection . 5. Let the sick person be infinitely carefull that his faith be not tempted by any man , or any thing , and when it is in any degree weakned , let him lay fast hold upon the conclusion , upon the Article it self , and by earnest prayer beg of God to guide him in certainty and safety . For let him consider that the Article is better then all its contrary or contradictory , and he is concerned that it be true , and concerned also that he do beleeve it : but he can receive no good at all , if Christ did not die , if there be no resurrection , if his Creed hath deceived him : therefore all that he is to do is to secure his hold , which he can do no way but by prayer and by his interest . And by this Argument or instrument it was that Socrates refreshed the evil of his condition , when he was to drink his aconite . If the soul be immortall , and perpetuall rewards be laid up for wise souls , then I lose nothing by my death ; but if there be not , then I lose nothing by my opinion , for it supports my spirit in my passage , and the evil of being deceived cannot overtake me when I have no being . So it is with all that are tempted in their faith . If those Articles be not true , then the men are nothing ; if they be true , then they are happy ; and if the Article fails there can be no punishment for beleeving ; but if they be true , my not beleeving destroyes all my portion in them and possibility to receive the excellent things which they contain . By faith we quench the fiery darts of the Devil ; but if our faith be quenched , wherewithall shall we be able to endure the assault ? therefore seiz upon the Article , and secure the great object , and the great instrument , that is , the hopes of pardon , and eternall life through Iesus Christ , and do this by all means and by any instrument artificiall , or inartificiall , by argument , or by stratagem , by perfect resolution , or by discourse , by the hand and ears of premisses , or the foot of the conclusion , by right or by wrong , because we understand it , or because we love it , super totam materiam , because I will , and because I ought , because it is safe to do so , and because it is not safe to do otherwise , because if I do I may receive a good , and because if I do not I am miserable ; either for that I shall have a portion of sorrows , or that I can have no portion of good things . SECT . IV. Acts of faith by way of prayer and ejaculation to be said by sick men in the dayes of their temptation . LOrd whither shall I go ? thou hast the words of eternall life ? I beleeve in God the Father Almighty , and in Jesus Christ his onely Son our Lord , &c. And I beleeve in the Holy Ghost , &c. Lord I beleeve ; help thou mine unbelief . I know and am perswaded by the Lord Jesus ] that none of us liveth to himself , and no man dieth to himself . For whether we live , we live unto the Lord , and whether we die , we die unto the Lord : whether we live therefore or die , we are the Lords . If God be for us , who can be against us ? He that spared not his own Son but delivered him up for us all : how shall he not with him give us all things ? Who shall lay any thing to the charge of Gods elect ? It is God that justifieth ; who is he that condemneth ? It is Christ that died , yea rather that is risen again , who is even at the right hand of God , who also maketh intercession for us . If any man sin we have an Advocate with the Father , Jesus Christ the righteous , and he is the propitiation for our sins . This is a faithfull saying , and worthy of all acceptation , that Jesus Christ came into the world to save sinners . O grant , that I may obtain mercy , that in me Jesus Christ may shew forth all long-suffering , that I may beleeve in him to life everlasting . I am bound to give thanks unto God alway , because God hath from the beginning chosen me to salvation , through sanctification of the Spirit , and belief of the truth whereunto he called me by the Gospel , to the obtaining of the glory of the Lord Jesus Christ. Now our Lord Jesus Christ himself , and God even our Father which hath loved us , and hath given us everlasting consolation , and good hope through grace , Comfort my heart and stablish me in every good word and work . The Lord direct my heart into the love of God , and into the patient waiting for Christ. O that our God would count me worthy of this calling , and fulfill all the good pleasure of his goodnesse , and the work of faith with power . That the Name of our Lord Jesus Christ may be glorified in me , and I in him , according to the grace of our God and the Lord Jesus Christ. Let us who are of the day be sober , putting on the brest-plate of faith and love , and for an helmet , the hope of salvation . For God hath not appointed us to wrath , but to obtain salvation by our Lord Jesus Christ , who died for us , that whether we wake or sleep , we should live together with him . Wherefore comfort your selves together and edifie one another . There is no name under heaven whereby we can be saved , but onely the Name of the Lord Jesus . And every soul which will not hear that Prophet shall be destroyed from among the people . God forbid that I should glory , save in the Crosse of Jesus Christ. I desire to know nothing but Jesus Christ and him crucified . For to me to live is Christ , and to die is gain . Cease ye from man , whose breath is in his nostrils : for wherein is he to be accounted of ? But the just shall live by faith . Lord , I beleeve that thou art the Christ , the Son of God , the Saviour of the world , the resurrection and the life ; and he that beleeveth in thee , though he were dead , yet shall he live . Jesus said unto her , Said I not to thee , that if thou wouldest beleeve thou shouldst see the glory of God ? O death where is thy sting ? O grave where is thy victory ? the sting of death is sin , and the strength of sin is the Law. But thanks be to God which giveth us the victory through our Lord Jesus Christ. Lord make me stedfast and unmoveable alwayes abounding in the work of the Lord ; For I know that my labour is not in vain in the Lord. The Prayer [ for the grace and strengths of faith . O Holy and eternall Jesus , who didst die for me and for all mankind , abolishing our sin , reconciling us to God , adopting us into the portion of thine heritage , and establishing with us a covenant of faith and obedience , making our souls to rely upon spirituall strengths , by the supports of a holy belief , and the expectation of rare promises , and the infallible truths of God : O let me for ever dwell upon the rock , leaning upon thy arm , beleeving thy word , trusting in thy promises , waiting for thy mercies , and doing thy commandements , that the Devil may not prevail upon me , and my own weaknesses may not abuse or unsettle my perswasions , nor my sins discompose my just confidence in thee and thy eternall mercies . Let me alwayes be thy servant and thy disciple , and die in the communion of thy Church , of all faithfull people ; Lord I renounce whatsoever is against thy truth , and if secretly I have or do beleeve any false proposition , I do it in the simplicity of my heart and great weaknesse ; and if I could discover it , would dash it in pieces by a solemn disclaiming it ; for thou art the Way , the Truth , and the Life ; and I know that whatsoever thou hast declared that is the truth of God , and I do firmly adhere to the religion thou hast taught , and glory in nothing so much as that I am a Christian , that thy name is called upon me : O my God , though I die yet will I put my trust in thee . In thee O Lord have I trusted , let me never be confounded . Amen . SECT . V. Of the practise of the Grace of Repentance in time of the Sicknesse . MEn generally do very much dread sudden death , and pray against it passionately ; and certainly it hath in it great inconveniences accidentally to mens estates , to the settlement of families , to the culture and trimming of souls , and it robs a man of the blessings which may be consequent to sickness , and to the passive graces , and holy contentions of a Christian , while he descends to his grave without an adversary or a tryal : and a good man may be taken at such a disadvantage , that a sudden death would be a great evil , even to the most excellent person , if it strikes him in an unlucky circumstance : But these considerations are not the onely ingredients into those mens discourse , who pray violently against sudden deaths ; for possibly if this were all , there may be in the condition of sudden death something to make recompence for the evils of the over-hasty accident . For certainly , it is a lesse temporal evil to fall by the rudenesse of a sword , then the violences of a Feaver , and the axe is much a lesse affliction then a strangury ; and though a sicknesse tries our vertues , yet a sudden death is free from temptation : a sicknesse may be more glorious and a sudden death more safe ; the deadest deaths are best , the shortest and least premeditate ; so Caesar said ; and Pliny called a short death the greatest fortune of a mans life . For even good men have been forced to an undecencie of deportment by the violences of pain : and Cicero observes concerning Hercules , that he was broken in pieces with pain , even then when he sought for immortality by his death , being tortured with a plague knit up in the lappet of his shirt . And therefore as a sudden death certainly loses the rewards of a holy sicknesse , so it makes that a man shall not so much hazard and lose the rewards of a holy life . But the secret of this affair is a worse matter ; men live at that rate ; either of an habitual wickednesse , or else a frequent repetition of single acts of killing and deadly sins , that a sudden death is the ruine of all their hopes , and a perfect consignation to an eternal sorrow . But in this case also , so is a lingring sicknesse ; for our last sicknesse may change us from life to health , from health to strength , from strength to the firmnesse and confirmation of habitual graces ; but it cannot change a man from death to life , and begin and finish that processe which sits not down but in the bosom of blessednesse . He that washes in the morning when his bath is seasonable and healthful is not onely made clean , but sprightly , and the blood is brisk and coloured like the first springing of the morning ; but they that wash their dead , cleanse the skin , and leave palenesse upon the cheek , and stiffnesse in all the joynts . A repentance upon our death-bed bed is like washing the coarse , it is cleanly and civil ; but makes no change deeper then the skin ; But God knowes , it is a custom so to wash them that are going to dwell with dust , and to be buried in the lap of their kinred , earth ; but all their lives time wallow in pollutions without any washing at all ; or if they do it is like that of the Dardani who washed but thrice in all their life time ; when they are born , and when they marry , and when they die ; when they are baptized , or against a solemnity , or for the day of their funeral : but these are but ceremonious washings , and never purifie the soul , if it be stained and hath sullied the whitenesse of its baptismal robes . * God intended we should live a holy life , * he contracted with us in Jesus Christ for a holy life , * he made no abatements of the strictest sense of it , but such as did necessarily comply with humane infirmities or possibilities , that is he understood it in the sense of repentance , which stil is so to renew our duty , that it may be a holy life in the second sense ; that is , some great portion of our life to be spent in living as Christians should , * a resolving to repent upon our death-bed is the greatest mockery of God in the world , and the most perfect contradictory to all his excellent designes of mercy and holinesse ; for therefore he threatned us with hell if we did not , and he promised heaven , if we did live a holy life : and a late repentance promises heaven to us upon other conditions , even when we have lived wickedly . * It renders a man uselesse and intolerable to the world ; taking off the great curb of religion , of fear , and hope , and permitting all impiety with the greatest impunity and incouragement in the world ; * by this means we see so many 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 as Philo calls them , or as the prophets pueros centum annorum , children of almost an hundred years old , upon whose grave we may write the inscriptions which was upon the tomb of Similis in Xiphilin . Here he lies who was so many years , but lived but seven ; * and the course of nature runs counter to the perfect designes of piety , and * God who gave us a life to live to him is only served at our death , when we die to all the world ; * and we undervalue the great promises made by the Holy Jesus , for which the piety , the strictest unerring piety of ten thousand ages is not a proportionable exchange ; yet we think it a hard bargain to get heaven , if we be forced to part with one lust , or live soberly twenty years : But like a Demetrius Afer who having lived a slave all his life time , yet desired to descend to his grave in freedom , begged manumission of his Lord ) we lived in the bondage of our sin all our dayes and hope to dye the Lords freed man : * but above all , this course of a delayed repentance must of necessity therefore be ineffective , and certainly mortal , because it is an intire destruction of the very formality and essential constituent reason of religion ; which I thus demonstrate . When God made man and propounded to him an immortal and a blessed state , as the end of his hopes and the perfection of his condition , he did not give it him for nothing , but upon certain conditions , which although they could add nothing to God , yet they were such things which man could value , and they were his best : and God had made appetites of pleasure in man , that in them the scene of his obedience should lye . For when God made instances of mans obedience , he 1. either commanded such things to be done , which man did naturally desire , or 2. such things which did contradict his natural desires , or 3. such which were indifferent . Not the first and the last . For it could be no effect of love or duty towards God for a man to eat when he was impatiently hungry , and could not stay from eating ; neither was it any contention of obedience or labour of love for a man to look Eastward once a day , or turn his back when the North winde blew fierce and loud . Therefore for the trial and instance of obedience , God made his laws so , that they should lay restraint upon mans appetites ; so that man might part with something of his own , that he may give to God his will , and deny it to himself for the interest of his service ; and chastity is the denyall of a violent desire , and justice is parting with money that might help to inrich me , and meekness is a huge contradiction to pride and revenge ; and the wandring of our eyes , and the greatnesse of our fancy , and our imaginative opinions are to be lessened , that we may serve God ; there is no other way of serving God , we have nothing else to present unto him ; we do not else give him any thing or part of our selves , but when we for his sake part with what we naturally desire ; and difficulty is essential to vertue , and without choice there can be no reward , & in the satisfaction of our natural desires there is no election , we run to them as beasts to the river or the crib . If therefore any man shall teach or practise such a religion that satisfies all our natural desires in the dayes of desire and passion , of lust and appetites , and only turns to God when his appetites are gone , & his desires cease , this man hath overthrown the very being of vertues , and the essential constitution of religion ; Religion is no religion , and vertue is no act of choice , and reward comes by chance and without condition , if we onely are religious when we cannot choose , if we part with our money when we cannot keep it , with our lust when we cannot act it , with our desires when they have left us ; death is a certain mortifier ; but that mortification is deadly , not useful to the purposes of a spiritual life . When we are compeld to depart from our evil customs and leave to live , that we may begin to live , then we dye to dye ; that life is the prologue to death and thenceforth we die eternally . S. Cyril speaks of certain people that chose to worship the sun because he was a day God ; for believing that he was quenched every ●●ght in the sea , or that he had no influence upon them that light up candles and lived by the light of fire , they were confident they might be Atheists all night and live as they list . Men who divide their little portion of time between religion and pleasures , between God and Gods enemy , think that God is to rule , but in his certain period of time , and that our life is the stage for passion and folly , and the day of death for the work of our life ; but as to God , both the day and night are alike , so are the first and the last of our dayes ; all are his due , and he will account severely with us for the follies of the first , and the evil of the last ; The evils and the pains are great which are reserved for those who defer their restitution to Gods favour till their death . And therefore Antisthenes said well ; It is not the happy death , but the happy life that makes man happy . It is in piety as in fame and reputation : he secures a good name but loosely that trusts his fame and celebritie onely to his ashes : and it is more a civilitie 〈◊〉 then the base of a firm reputation , that men speak honour of their departed relatives : but if their life be vertuous it forces honour from contempt , and snatches it from the hand of envy , and it shines thorough the crevises of detraction , and as it anointed the head of the living , so it embalms the body of the dead . From these premises if followes that when we discourse of a sick mans repentance , it is intended to be , not a beginning but the prosecution and consummation of the covenant of repentance , which Christ stipulated with us in Baptisme , and which we needed all our life , and which we began long before this last arrest , and in which we are now to make further progresse , that we may arrive to that integrity and fulnesse of of dutie , that our sins may be blotted out , when the times of refreshing shall come from the presence of the Lord. SECT . VI. Rules for the practise of Repentance in sicknesse . 1. LEt the sick man consider at what gate this sicknesse entred ; and if he can discover the particular , let him instantly , passionately , and with great contrition dash the crime in pieces , lest he descend into his grave in the midst of a sin and thence remove into an ocean of eternal sorrowes ; but if he onely suffers the common fate of man , and knowes not the particular inlet , he is to be governed by the following measures . 2. Inquire into the repentance of thy former life , particularly ; whether it were of a great and perfect grief , and productive of fixed resolutions of holy living , and reductive of these to act ? How many dayes and nights have we spent in sorrow or care , in habitual and actual pursuances of vertue ? what instrument we have chosen and used for the eradication of sin ? how we have judged our selves , and how punished ? and in summe whether we have by the grace of repentance changed our life from criminal to vertuous , from one habit to another ? and whether we have paid for the pleasure of our sin by smart , or sorrow , by the effusion of alms , or pernoctations or abodes in prayers , so as the spirit hath been served in our repentance , as earnestly , and as greatly as our appetites have been provided for in the dayes of our shame and folly ? 3. Supply the imperfections of thy repentance by a general or universal sorrow , for the sins not onely since the last communion or absolution , but of thy whole life ; for all sins known and unknown , repented and unrepented , of ignorance or infirmity , which thou knowest , or which others have accused thee of ; thy clamorous and thy whispering sins , the sinnes of scandall , and the sinnes of a secret conscience , of the flesh and of the spirit : for it would be but a sad arrest to thy soul wandring in strange and unusuall regions to see a scroll of uncancelled sins represented and charged upon thee for want of care and notices , and that thy repentance shall become invalid , because of its imperfections . 4. To this purpose it is usually advised by spirituall persons , that the sick man make an universal confession , or a renovation and repetition of all the particular confessions and accusations of his whole life ; that now at the foot of his account he may represent the summe totall to God , and his conscience , and make provisions for their remedie and pardon according to his present possibilities . 5. Now is the time to make reflex acts of repentance ; that as by a general repentance we supply the want of the just extension of parts : so by this we may supply the proper measures of the intension of degrees . In our health we can consider concerning our own acts whether they be real or hypocritical , essential or imaginary , sincere or upon interest , integrall or imperfect , commensurate or defective , and although it is a good caution of securities after all our care and diligence still to suspect our selves , and our own deceptions , and for ever to beg of God pardon and acceptance in the union of Christs passion , and intercession ; yet in proper speaking , reflex acts of repentance , being a suppletory after the imperfection of the direct , are then most fit to be used when we cannot proceed in , and prosecute the direct actions . To repent because we cannot repent , and to grieve because we cannot grieve , was a device invented to serve the turn of the mother of Peter Gratian ; but it was used by her , and so advised to be in her sicknesse , and last actions of repentance : for in our perfect health and understanding if we doe not understand our first act , we cannot discern our second ; and if we be not sorry for our sins , we cannot be sorry for want of sorrows ; it is a contradiction to say we can ; because want of sorrow to which we are obliged is certainly a great sin ; and if we can grieve for that , then also for the rest ; if not for all , then not for this : but in the dayes of weaknesse the case is otherwise ; for then our actions are imperfect , our discourse weak , our internall actions not discernable , our fears great , our work to be abbreviated , and our defects , to be supplied by spirituall arts ; and therefore it is proper and proportionate to our state , and to our necessity , to beg of God pardon for the imperfections of our repentance , acceptance of our weaker sorrows , supplies out of the treasures of grace , and mercy ; and thus repenting of the evil and unhandsome adherencies of our repentance , in the whole integrity of the duty , it will become a repentance not to be repented of . 6. Now is the time beyond which the sick man must at no hand defer to make restitution of all his unjust possessions , or other mens rights , and satisfactions for all injuries , and violencies according to his obligation , and possibilities ; for although many circumstances might impede the acting it in our lives-time , and it was permitted to be deferred in many cases , because by it , justice was not hindred , and oftentimes piety and equity were provided for ; yet because this is the last scene of our life , he that does not act it so far as he can , or put it into certain conditions and order of effecting , can never do it again , and therefore then to defer it , is to omit it , and leaves the repentance defective in an integrall and constituent part . 7. Let the sick man be diligent and watchfull , that the principle of his repentance be contrition , or sorrow for sins , commenced upon the love of God. For although sorrow for sins upon any motive may lead us to God by many intermediall passages , and is the threshold of returning sinners , yet it is not good , nor effective upon our death-bed ; because repentance is not then to begin , but must then be finished , and completed , and it is to be a supply and reparation of all the imperfections of that duty : and therefore it must by that time be arrived to contrition , that is , it must have grown from fear to love , from the passions of a servant , to the affections of a son ; The reason of which ( besides the precedent ) is this , because when our repentance is in this state , it supposes the man also in a state of grace , a well grown Christian ; for to hate sin out of the love of God is not the felicity of a new convert , or an infant grace ( or if it be , that love also is in its infancy ) but it supposes a good progresse , and the man habitually vertuous , and tending to perfection : and therefore contrition , or repentance so qualified , is usefull to great degrees of pardon , because the man is a gracious person , and that vertue is of good degree , and consequently fit imployment for him that shall work no more , but is to appear before his Judge to receive the hire of his day . And if his repentance be contrition , even before this state of sicknesse , let it be increased by spirituall arts ; and the proper exercises of charity . Means of exciting contrition , or repentance of sins , proceeding from the love of God. TO which purpose the sick man may consider , and is to be reminded ( if he does not ) that there are in God , all the motives and causes of amability in the world ; that God is so infinitely good , that there are some of the greatest and most excellent spirits of heaven , whose work , and whose felicity , and whose perfections , and whose nature it is , to flame and burn in the brightest and most excellent love * that to love God is the greatest glory of Heaven , that in him there are such excellencies , that the smallest rayes of them communicated to our weaker understandings are yet sufficient to cause ravishments and transportations , and satisfactions , and joyes unspeakeable , and full of glory * that all the wise Christians of the world know and feel such causes to love God that they all professe themselves ready to die for the love of God * and the Apostles and millions of the Martyrs did die for him * And although it be harder to live in his love then to die for it , yet all the good people that ever gave their names to Christ did for his love endure the crucifying their lusts , the mortification of their appetites , the contradictions and death of their most passionate , naturall desires * that Kings and Queens have quitted their Diadems , and many married Saints have turned their mutuall vowes into the love of Jesus , and married him onely , keeping a virgin chastity in a married life , that they may more tenderly expresse their love to God * that all the good we have , derives from Gods love to us , and all the good we can hope for is the effect of his love , and can descend onely upon them that love him * that by his love it is that we receive the holy Jesus * and by his love we receive the Holy Spirit , * and by his love we feel peace and joy within our spirits * and by his love we receive the mysterious Sacrament * And what can be greater , then that from the goodnesse and love of God , we receive Jesus Christ , and the Holy Ghost , and Adoption , and the inheritance of sons , and to be coheirs with Jesus , and to have pardon of our sins , and a divine nature , and restraining grace , and the grace of sanctification , and a rest and peace within us , and a certain expectation of glory , * who can choose but love him , who when we had provoked him exceedingly sent his Son to die for us , that we might live with him ; who does so desire to pardon us and save us , that he hath appointed his Holy Son continually to intercede for us ? * That his love is so great that he offers us great kindnesse , and intreats us to be happy , and makes many decrees in heaven concerning the interest of our soul , and the very provision and support of our persons * That he sends an Angel to attend upon every of his servants , and to be their guard , and their guide , in all their dangers and hostilities * That for our sakes he restrains the Devil , and puts his mightinesse in fetters and restraints , and chastises his malice with decrees of grace and safety * That he it is who makes all the creatures serve us , and takes care of our sleeps , and preserves all plants and elements , all mineralls and vegetables , all beasts and birds , all fishes and insects for food to us , and for ornament , for physick and instruction , for variety and wonder , for delight and for religion * That as God is all good in himself , and all good to us , so sin is directly contrary to God , to reason , to religion , to safety and pleasure , and felicity * That it is a great dishonour to a mans spirit to have been made a fool , by a weak temptation , and an empty lust ; and to have rejected God , who is so rich , so wise , so good , and so excellent , so delicious , and so profitable to us * That all the repentance in the world of excellent men does end in contrition , or a sorrow for sins proceeding from the love of God ; because they that are in the state of grace do not fear hell violently , and so long as they remain in Gods favour , although they suffer the infirmities of men , yet they are Gods portion , and therefore all the repentance of just and holy men which is certainly the best , is a repentance not for lower ends but because they are the friends of God , and they are full of indignation that they have done an act against the honour of their Patron , and their dearest Lord and Father * That it is a huge imperfection and a state of weaknesse , to need to be moved with fear or temporall respects , and they that are so , as yet are either immerged in the affections of the world , or of themselves ; and those men that bear such a character , are not yet esteemed laudable persons , or men of good natures , or the sons of vertue . * That no repentance can be lasting , that relies upon any thing but the love of God ; for temporal motives may cease , and contrary contingencies may arise , and fear of hell , may be expelled by natural or acquired hardnesses , and is alwayes the least when we have most need of it , and most cause for it ; for the more habitual our sins are , the more cauterized ▪ our conscience is , the lesse is the fear of hell , and yet our danger is much the greater , * that although fear of hell or other temporal motives may be the first inlet to a repentance , yet repentance in that constitution and under those circumstances cannot obtain pardon ; because there is in that no union with God , no adhesion to Christ , no endeerment of passion , or of spirit , no similitude , or conformity to the great instrument of our peace , our glorious Mediatour : for as yet a man is turned from his sin , but not converted to God ; the first and last of our returns to God being love , and nothing but love : for obedience is the first part of love , and fruition is the last , and because he that does not love God cannot obey him , therefore he that does not love him cannot enjoy him . Now that this may he reduced to practise , the sick man may be advertised that in the actions of repentance * he separate low , temporal , sensual , and self ends from his thoughts , and so do his repentance * that he may still reflect honour upon God ; * that he confesse his justice in punishing , that he acknowledge himself to have deserved the worst of evils , * that he heartily believe and professe , that if he perish finally , yet that God ought to be glorified by that sad event , and that he hath truly merited so intolerable a calamity , * that he also be put to make acts of election and preference ; professing that he would willingly endure all temporal evils rather then be in the disfavour of God or in the state of sin ; for by this last instance he will be quitted from the suspicion of leaving sin , for temporal respects , because he by an act of imagination or fained presence of the object to him , entertains the temporal evil that he may leave the sin ; and therefore unlesse he be a hypocrite does not leave the sin to be quit of the temporal evil . And as for the other motive of leaving sin our of the fear of hell , because that is an evangelical motive conveyed to us by the spirit of God , and is immediate to the love of God ; if the Schoolmen had pleased , they might have reckoned it as the hand-maid , and of the retinue of contrition ; but the more the considerations are sublimed above this , of the greater effect and the more immediate to pardon will be the repentance . 8. Let the sick persons do frequent actions of repentance by way of prayer , for all those sins which are spiritual , and in which no restitution or satisfaction material can be made , and whose contrary acts cannot in kinde be exercised . For penitential prayers in some cases are the only instances of repentance that can be . An envious man , if he gives God hearty thanks for the advancement of his brother , hath done an act of mortification of his envy , as directly as corporal austerities are an act of chastity , and an enemy to uncleanness : and if I have seduced a person that is dead or absent , if I cannot restore him to sober counsels by my discourse and undeceiving him , I can onely repent of that by way of prayer : and intemperance is no way to be rescinded or punished by a dying man but by hearty prayers . Prayers are a great help in all cases ; in some they are proper acts of vertue and direct enemies to sin ; but although alone and in long continuance , they alone can cure some one or some few little habits , yet they can never alone change the state of the man ; and therefore are intended to be a suppletory to the imperfections of other acts ; and by that reason are the proper and most pertinent imployment of a Clinick or death-bed penitent . 9. In those sins whose proper cure is mortification corporal , the sick man is to supply that part of his repentance by a patient submission to the rod of sicknesse : For sicknesse does the work of penances or sharp afflictions , and dry diet , perfectly well : to which if we also put our wills , and make it our act by an after election , by confessing the justice of God , by bearing if sweetly , by begging it may be medicinal , there is nothing wanting to the perfection of this part , but that God confirme our patience and hear our prayers . When the guilty man runs to punishment , the injured person is prevented and hath no whither to go but to forgivenesse . 10. I have learned but of one suppletory more , for the perfection and proper exercise of a sick mans repentance ; but it is such a one as will go a great way in the abolition of our past sinnes , and making our peace with God , even after a lesse severe life : and that is , that the sick man do some heroical actions in the matter of charity , or religion , of justice or severity . There is a story of an infamous thief who having begged his pardon of the Emperor Mauritius was yet put into the Hospital of S. Sampson where he so plentifully bewailed his sins in the last agonies of his death , that the Physitian who attended found him unexpectedly dead , and over his face a handkerchief bathed in tears , and soon after some body or other pretended to a revelation of this mans beatitude . It was a rare grief that was noted in this man , which begat in that age a confidence of his being saved , and that confidence ( as things then went ) was quickly called a revelation . But it was a stranger severity which is related by Thomas Cantipratanus concerning a young Gentleman condemned for robbery and violence , who had so deep a sense of his sin , that he was not content with a single death , but begged to be tormented and cut in pieces joynt by joynt , with intermedial senses , that he might by such a smart signifie a greater sorrow ; Some have given great estates to the poor and to religion ; some have built colledges for holy persons , many have suffered martyrdom , and though those that died under the conduct of the Maccabees in defence of their countrey and religion , had pendants on their breasts consecrated to the idols of the Iamnenses , yet that they gave their lives in such a cause with so great a duty , ( the biggest things they could do or give ) it was esteemed to prevail hugely towards the pardon and acceptation of their persons . An heroic action of uertue is a huge compendium of religion ; for if it be attained to by the usual measures and progresse of a Christian , from inclination to act , from act to habit , from habit to abode , from abode to reigning , from reigning to perfect possession , from possession to extraordinary emanations , that is , to heroick actions , then it must needs do the work of man , by being so great towards the work of God ; but if a man comes thither per saltum , or on a sudden ( which is seldome seen ) then it supposes the man alwayes well inclined , but abused by accident or hope , by confidence or ignorance ; taen it supposes the man for the present in a great fear of evil , and a passionate desire of pardon ; it supposes his apprehensions great , and his time little ; and what the event of that will be , no man can tell ; but it is certain that to some purposes God will account for our religion on our death bed , not by the measures of our time , but the eminency of affection ( as said Celestin the first ) that is , supposing the man in the state of grace , or in the revealed possibility of salvation , then an heroical act hath the reward of a longer series of good actions , in an even and ordinary course of vertue . 11. In what can remain for the perfecting a sick mans repentance , he is to be helped by the ministeries of a spiritual Guide . SECT . VII . Acts of repentance by way of prayer and ejaculation ; to be used especially by old men in their age ; and by all men in their sicknesse . LEt us search and try our wayes , and turne again to the Lord : let us lift up our hearts with our hands unto God in the heavens . We have transgressed and rebelled and thou hast not pardoned : Thou hast covered with anger and persecured us ; thou hast slain , thou hast not pitied , O cover not thy self with a cloud ; but let our prayer passe thorough . I have sinned what shall I do unto thee , O thou preserver of men ? why hast thou set me as a mark against thee , so that I am a burden to my self ? and why doest not thou pardon my transgression , and take away mine iniquity ? for now shall I sleep in the dust , and thou shalt seek me in the morning , but I shall not be . The Lord is righteous for I have rebelled against his commandments . Hear I pray , all ye people , behold my sorrow , behold O Lord I am in distresse , my bowels are troubled , my heart is turned within me , for I have grievously rebelled . Thou O Lord remainest for ever , thy throne from generation to generation : wherefore doest thou forget us for ever , and forsake us so long time ? turn thou us unto thee , O Lord , and so shall we be turned : renew our dayes as of old : O reject me not utterly , and be not exceeding wroth against thy servant . O remember not the sins of my youth , nor my transgressions , but according to thy mercies remember thou me for thy goodnesse sake O Lord : Do thou for me O God the Lord , for thy Names sake , because thy mercy is good , deliver thou me , for I am poor and needy , and my heart is wounded within me ; I am gone like the shadow that declineth , I am tossed up and down as the locust . Then Zacheus stood forth and said , Behold Lord , half of my goods I give to the poor , and if I have wronged any man I restore him fourfold . Hear my prayer O Lord , and consider my desire , let my prayer be set forth in thy sight as the incense , and let the lifting up of my hands be an evening sacrifice . And enter not into judgement with thy servant , for in thy sight shall no man living be justified . Teach me to do the thing that pleaseth thee , for thou art my God , let thy loving spirit lead me forth into the land of righteousnesse . I will [ speak ] of mercy and judgement , unto thee O Lord will I make my prayer : I will behave my self wisely in a perfect way . O when wilt thou come unto me , I will walk in my house with a perfect heart . I will set no wicked thing before my eyes ; I hate the work of them that turn aside , it shall not cleave to me . Hide thy face from my sins , and blot out all mine iniquities ; create in me a clean heart O God , and renew a right spirit within me . Deliver me from blood guiltinesse O God , [ from malice , envy , the follies of lust and violences of passion , &c. ] thou God of my salvation and my tongue shall sing aloud of thy righteousnesse . The sacrifice of God is a broken heart , a broken and a contrite heart , O God thou wilt not despise . Lord I have done amisse ; I have been deceived , let so great a wrong as this be removed . The prayer ] for the grace and perfection of Repentance . I. O Almighty God , thou art the great Judge of all the world , the Father of our Lord Jesus Christ , the Father of mercies , the Father of men and Angels , thou lovest not that a sinner should perish , but delightest in our conversion and salvation , and hast in our Lord Jesus Christ established the Covenant of repentance , and promised pardon to all them that confesse their sins and forsake them ; O my God be thou pleased to work in me what thou hast commanded should be in me . Lord I am a dry tree who neither have brought forth fruit unto thee and unto holinesse , nor have wept out salutary tears , the instrument of life and restitution , but have behaved my self like an unconcerned person in the ruins and breaches of my soul : But O God , thou art my God , earnestly will I seek thee ; my soul thirsteth for thee in a barren and thirsty land where no water is ; Lord give me the grace of tears and pungent sorrow , let my heart be as a land of rivers of waters , and my head a fountain of tears : turn my sin into repentance , and let my repentance proceed to pardon & refreshment . II. SUpport me with thy graces , strengthen me with thy Spirit , soften my heart with the fire of thy love , and the dew of heaven , with penitentiall showers : make my care prudent , and the remaining portion of my dayes like the perpetuall watches of the night , full of caution and observance , strong and resolute , patient and severe , I remember O Lord , that I did sin with greedinesse and passion , with great desires and an unabated choice ; O let me be as great in my repentance as ever I have been in my calamity and shame ; let my hatred of sin be great as my love to thee , and both as neer to infinite , as my proportion can receive . III. O Lord , I renounce all affection to sin , and would not buy my health nor redeem my life with doing any thing against the Lawes of my God ; but would rather die then offend thee . O dearest Saviour have pity upon thy servant , let me by thy sentence be doomed to perpetuall penance during the abode of this life ; let every sigh be the expression of a repentance , , and every groan an acccent of spiritual life , and every stroke of my disease a punishment of my sin , and an instrument of pardon , that at my return to the land of innocence I may eat of the votive sacrifice of the supper of the Lamb , that was from the beginning of the world sl●in for the sins of every sorrowful and returning sinner . O grant me sorrow here , and joy hereafter through Jesus Christ , who is our hope , the resurrection of the dead , the justifier of a sinner , and the glory of all faithful souls . Amen . A prayer for pardon of sins to be said frequently in time of sicknesse ; and in all the portions of old age . I. O Eternal and most gracious Father , I humbly throw my self down at the foot of thy mercy seat , upon the confidence of thy essential mercy , and thy commandment , that we should come boldly to the throne of grace , that we may finde mercy in time of need ; O my God , hear the prayers and cries of a sinner , who calls earnestly for mercy ; Lord my needs are greater then all the degrees of my desire can be ; unlesse thou hast pity upon me I perish infinitely and intolerably ; and then there will be one voice fewer in the quire of singers , who shall recite thy praises to eternal ages . But O Lord in mercy deliver my soul. O save me for thy mercy sake . For in the second death there is no remembrance of thee , in that grave who shall give thee thanks ? II. O Just and dear God , my sins are innumerable , they are upon my soul in multitudes , they are a burden too heavy for me to bear ; they already bring sorrow and sicknesse , shame and displeasure , guilt , and a decaying spirit , a sense of thy present displeasure , and fear of worse , of infinitely worse ; But it is to thee so essential , so delightful , so usual , so desired by thee to shew mercy , that although my sin be very great and my fear proportionable , yet thy mercy is infinitely greater then all the world , and my hope and my comfort rise up in proportions towards it , that I trust the Devils shall never be able to reprove it , nor my own weaknesse discompose it . Lord thou hast sent thy Son to die for the pardon of my sins ; thou hast given me thy holy Spirit , as a seal of adoption to consigne the article of remission of sins ; thou hast for all my sins still continued to invite me to conditions of life , by thy ministers the prophets ; and thou hast with variety of holy acts softned my spirit , and possessed my fancie , and instructed my understanding , and bended and inclined my will , and directed or overruled my passions in order to repentance and pardon , and why should not thy servant beg passionately , and humbly hope for the effect of all these thy strange and miraculous acts of loving kindnesse ? Lord I deserve it not , but I hope thou wilt pardon all my sins , and I beg it of thee for Jesus Christ his sake , whom thou hast made the great endearment of thy promises , and the foundation of our hopes , and the mighty instrument , whereby we can obtain of thee , whatsoever we need and can receive . III. O My God , how shall thy servant be disposed to receive such a favour , which is so great that the ever blessed Jesus did die to purchase for us ; so great that the falling angels never could hope , and never shall obtain ? Lord I do from my soul forgive all that have sinned against me . O forgive me my sins , as I forgive them that have sinned against me ; Lord I confesse my sins unto thee daily , by the accusations and secret acts of conscience ; and if we confesse our sins thou hast called it a part of justice to forgive us our sins , and to cleanse us from all unrighteousnesse . Lord , I put my trust in thee , and thou art ever gracious to them that put their trust in thee . I call upon my God for mercy , and thou art alwayes more ready to hear then we to pray . But all that I can do , and all that I am , and all that I know of my self is nothing but sin , and infirmity , and misery ; therefore I go forth of my self , and throw my self wholly into the arms of thy mercy , through Jesus Christ ; and beg of thee for his death and passions sake , by his resurrection and ascension , by all the parts of our redemption , and thy infinite mercy in which thou pleasest thy self above all the works of the creation , to be pitifull , and compassionate to thy servant in the abolition of all my sins ; so shall I praise thy glories with a tongue not defiled with evil language , and a heart purged by thy grace , quitted by thy mercy , and absolved by thy sentence , from generation to generation . Amen . An act of holy resolution of amendment of life in case of recovery . O Most just and most mercifull Lord God , who hast sent evil diseases , sorrow , & fear , trouble and uneasinesse , briars and thorns into the world , and planted them in our houses , and round about our dwellings to keep sin from our souls or to drive it thence , I humbly beg of thee that this my sicknesse may serve the ends of the Spirit , and be a messenger of spirituall life , an instrument of reducing me to more religious and sober courses ; I know O Lord , that I am unready and unprepared in my accounts , having thrown away great portions of my time in vanity , and set my self hugely back in the accounts of eternity ; and I had need live my life over again , and live it better ; but thy counsels are in the great deep , and thy footsteps in the water ; and I know not what thou wilt determine of me . If I die , I throw my self into the arms of the Holy Jesus , whom I love above all things : and if I perish , I know I have deserved it ; but thou wilt not reject him that loves thee : But if I recover , I will live by thy grace and help to do the work of God , and passionately pursue my interest of Heaven , and serve thee in the labour of love , with the charities of a holy zeal , and the diligence of a firm and humble obedience ; Lord I will dwell in thy temple , and in thy service , religion shall be my imployment , and alms shall be my recreation , and patience shall be my rest , and to do thy will shall be my meat and drink , and to live shall be Christ , and then to die shall be gain . O spare me a little that I may recover my strength before I go hence and be no more seen . Thy will be done on earth as it is in heaven . Amen . SECT . VIII . An Analysis or resolution of the Decalogue , and the speciall precepts of the Gospel , describing the duties injoyned and the sins forbidden respectiuely ; for the assistance of sick men in making their confessions to God and his Ministers , and the rendring their repentance more particular and perfect . I THou shalt have none other Gods but me . ] Duties commanded are . 1. To love God above all things . 2. To obey him , and fear him . 3. To worship him with prayers , vows , thanksgivings , presenting to him our souls and bodies , and all such actions and expressions which the consent of Nations , or the Lawes and Customs of the place where we live have appropriated to God. 4. To designe all to Gods glory . 5. To enquire after his will. 6. To beleeve all his word . 7. To submit to his providence . 8. To proceed toward all our lawfull ends by such means as himself hath appointed . 9. To speak and think honourably of God , and recite his praises , and confesse his Attributes and perfections . They sin against this Commandement . 1. Who love themselves or any of the creatures inordinately , and intemperately . 2. They that despise or neglect any of the Divine precepts . 3. They that pray to unknown , or false gods . 4. They that disbeleeve or deny there is a God. 5. They that make vows to creatures . 6. Or say prayers to the honour of men or women , or Angels , as Pater nosters , to the honour of the Virgin Mary , or S. Peter , which is a taking a part of that honour which is due to God , and giving it to the creature , it is , a religion paid to men and women out of Gods proper portion , out of prayers directed to God immediately ; and it is an act contrary to that religion which makes God the last end of all things : for this th●ough our addresses to God , passes something to the creatures , as if they stood beyond him ; for by the intermediall worship paid to God , they ultimately do honour to the man , or Angel. 7. They that make consumptive oblations to the creatures , as the Collyridians who offered cakes , and those that burn incense or candles to the Virgin Mary . 8. They that give themselves to the Devil , or make contracts with him , and use phantastic conversation with him . 9 They that consult Witches and Fortune-tellers . 10. They that rely upon dreams and superstitious observances . 11 That use charmes , spels , superstitious words and characters , verses of Psalms ; the consecrated elements to cure diseases , to be shot free , to recover stolne goods , or inquire into secrets . 12. That are wilfully ignorant of the lawes of God , or love to be deceived in their perswasions ; that they may sin with confidence . 13. They that neglect to pray to God. 14. They that arrogate to themselves the glory of any action or power and do not give the glory to God , as Herod . 15. They that doubt of or disbeleeve any article of the Creed , or any proposition of Scripture , or put false glosses to serve saecular or vitious ends , against their conscience , or with violence any way done to their reason . 16. They that violently or passionately pursue any temporall end with an eagernesse greater then the thing is , in prudent account . 17 They that make religion to serve ill ends , or do good to exil purposes , or evil to good purposes . 18. They that accuse God of injustice , or unmercifulnesse , remissenesse or cruelty ; such as are the presumptuous , and the desperate . 19. All hypocrites and pretenders to religion , walking in forms and shadows , but denying the power of godlinesse . 20. All impatient persons , all that repine or murmur against the prosperities of the wicked , or the calamities of the godly , or their own afflictions . 21. All that blaspheme God , or speak dishonourable things of so Sacred a Majesty . 22. They that tempt God , or rely upon his protection against his rules and without his promise , and besides reason , entring into danger , from which without a miracle they cannot be rescued . 23. They that are bold in the midst of judgement , and fearlesse in the midst of the Divine vengeance , and the accents of his anger . II. Comm. Thou shalt not make to thy self any graven image , nor worship it . The morall duties of this commandement are . 1. To worship God with all bodily worship and externall forms of addresse , according to the custom of the Church we live in . 2. To beleeve God to be a spirituall and pure substance without any visible form , of shape . 3. To worship God in wayes of his own appointing , or by his proportions or measures of nature , and right reason , or publike and holy customes . They sin against this Commandement . 1. That make any image or pictures of the Godhead , or fancy any likenesse to him . 2. They that use images in their religion , designing or addressing any religious worship to them ; For if this thing could be naturally tolerable , yet it is too neer an intolerable for a jealous God to suffer . 3. They that deny to worship God with lowly reverence of their bodies , according as the Church expresses her reverence to God externally . 4. They that invent or practise superstitious worshippings , invented by man against Gods word , or without reason , or besides the publike customes or formes of worshipping , either foolishly or ridiculously , without the purpose of order , decency , proportion to a wise or a religious end , in prosecution of some vertue or duty . III. Comm. Thou shalt not take Gods Name in vain . The duties of this Comm. are ; 1. To honour and revere the most holy Name of God. 2. To invocate his Name directly , or by consequence in all solemn and permitted adjurations , or publike oaths . 3. To use all things and persons upon whom his Name is called , or any wayes imprinted with a regardfull and separate manner of usage , different from common , and far from contempt and scorn . 4. To swear in truth and judgement . They sin against this Commandment ; 1. Who swear vainly and customarily , without just cause , without competent authority . 2. They that blasphem or curse God. 3. They that speak of God without grave cause or solemn occasion . 4. They that forswear themselves ; that is , they that do not perform their vows to God ; or that swear , or call God to witnesse to a lie . 5. They that swear rashly , or maliciously , to commit a sin , or an act of revenge . 6. They that swear by any creature falsely , or any way but as it relates to God , and consequently invokes his testimony . 7. All curious inquiries into the secrets ; and intruders into the mysteries and hidden things of God. 8. They that curse God , or curse a creature by God. 9. They that prophane Churches , holy Utensils , holy persons , holy customes , holy Sacraments . 10 They that provoke others to swear voluntarily , and by designe , or incuriously , or negligently , when they might avoid it . 11 They that swear to things uncertain , and unknown . IV. Comm. Remember that thou keep holy the S. day ] The duties of this Comm. are ; 1. To set apart some portions of our time for the immediate offices of religion , and glorification of God. 2. This to be done according as God or his holy Church hath appointed . 3. One day in seven is to be set apart . 4. The Christian day is to be subrogated into the place of the Jewes day : the resurrection of Christ and redemption of man was a greater blessing then then to create him . 5. God on that day to be worshipped and acknowledged as our Creator , and as our Saviour . 6. The day to be spent in holy offices ; in hearing Divine service , publike prayers , frequenting the Congregations , hearing the word of God read or expounded ; reading good books , meditations , alms , reconciling enmities ; remission of burdens , and of offences , of debts , and of work ; friendly offices , neighbourhood , and provoking one another to good-works ; and to this end , all servile works must be omitted , excepting necessary and charitable offices to men or beasts , to our selves , or others . They sin against this Comm. 1. That do , or compell , or intice others to do servile works without the cases of necessity or charity , to be estimated according to common and prudent accounts . 2. They that refuse or neglect to come to the publike assemblies of the Church , to hear and assist at the divine offices intirely . 3. They that spend the day in idlenesse , forbidden or vain recreations , or the actions of sin and folly . 4. They that buy and sell without the cases of permission . 5. They that travell unnecessary journeys . 6 They that act or assist in conten●ions , or law-suites , markets , fairs , &c. 7. They that on that day omit their private devotion unlesse the whole day be spent in publike . 8. They that by any crosse or contradictory actions against the customes of the Church do purposely desecrate or unhallow and make the day common : as they that in despite and contempt , fast upon the Lords day , lest they may celebrate the festivall after the manner of the Christians . V. Com. Honour thy father and thy mother ] The duties are ; 1. To do honour and reverence and to love our natural parents . 2. To obey all their domestic commands ; for in them the scene of their authority lies . 3. To give them maintenance and support in their needs . 4. To obey Kings and all that are in authority . 5. To pay tribute and honours , custome and reverence . 6. To do reverence to the aged and all our betters . 7. To obey our Masters , spiritual governours and Guides in those things which concern their several respective interest and authority . They sin against this commandment . 1. That despise their parents age , or infirmity . 2. That are ashamed of their poverty and extraction . 3. That publish their vices , errours and infirmities to shame them . 4. That refuse and reject all or any of their lawful commands . 5. Children that marry without or against their consent when it may be reasonably obtained . 6. That curse them , from whom they receive so many blessings . 7 That grieve the souls of their parents by not complying in their desires , and observing their circumstances . 8. That hate their persons , that mock them or use uncomely jestings . 9. That discover their nakednesse voluntarily . 10. That murmure against their injunctions , and obey them involuntarily . 11. All Rebels against their Kings or the supream power in which it is legally and justly invested . 12. That refuse to pay tributes and impositions imposed legally . 13. They that disobey their Masters , murmure or repine against their commands , abuse or deride their persons , talk rudely , &c. 14. They that curse the king in their heart , or speak evil of the ruler of their people . 15. All that are uncivil and rude towards aged persons , mockers and scorners of them . VI. Com. Thou shalt do no murder . The duties are . 1. To preserve our own lives , the lives of our relatives and all with whom we converse ( or who can need us , and we assist ) by prudent reasonable and wary defences , advocations , discoveries of snares , &c. 2. To preserve our health , and the integrity of our bodies and mindes , and of others . 3. To preserve , and follow peace with all men . They sin against this Commandment . 1. That destroy the life of a man or woman , himself or any other . 2. That do violence or dismember , or hurt any part of the body with evil intent . 3. That fight duels or commence unjust wars . 4. They that willingly hasten their own or others death . 5. That by oppression or violence imbitter the spirits of any , so as to make their life sad , and their death hasty . 6. They that conceal the dangers of their neighbor , which they can safely discover . 7. They that sow strife and contention among neighbours . 8. They that refuse to rescue or preserve those whom they can and are obliged to preserve . 9. They that procure abortion . 10 They that threaten , or keep men in fears ; or hate them . VII . Com. Thou shalt not commit adultery . The duties are . 1. To preserve our bodies in the chastity of a single life , or of marriage . 2. To keep all the parts of our bodies in the care and severities of chastity ; so that we be restrained in our eyes as well as in our feet . They sin against this Commandment , 1. Who are adulterous , incestuous , Sodomitical , or commit fornication . 2. They that commit folly alone ; dishonouring their own bodies with softnesse and wantonnesse . 3. They that immoderately let loose the reins of their bolder appetite , though within the protection of marriage . 4 They that by wanton gestures , wandring eyes lascivious dressings , discovery of the nakednesse of themselves or others , filthy discourse , high diet , amorous songs , balls and revellings , tempt and betray themselves , or others to folly . 5. They that marry a woman divorced for adultery . 6. They that divorce their wives , except for adultery , and marry another . VIII . Com. Thou shalt not steal . The duties are . 1. To give every man his due . 2. To permit every man to enjoy his own goods and estate quietly . They sin against this Commandment . 1. That injure any mans estate by open violence , or by secret robbery , by stealth or cousenage , by arts of bargaining or vexatious law-suits . 2. That refuse or neglect to pay their debts , when they are able . 3 That are forward to run into debt knowingly beyond their power , without hopes or purposes of repaiment . 4. Oppressors of the poor . 5. That exact usury of necessitous persons , or of any beyond the permissions of equity as determined by the laws . 6. All sacrilegious persons ; people that rob God of his dues , or of his possessions . 7. All that game , viz. at Cards and Dice , &c. to the prejudice and detriment of other mens estates . 8. They that imbase coyn and mettals and obtrude them for perfect and natural . 9. That break their promises to the detriment of a third person . 10 They that refuse to stand to their bargains . 11. They that by negligence imbecil other mens estates , spoiling or letting any thing perish which is intrusted to them . 12. That refuse to restore the pledge IX . Com. Thou shalt not bear false witnesse . The duties are . 1. To give testimony to truth , when we are called to it by competent authority . 2. To preserve the good name of our neighbours . 3. To speak well of them that deserve it . They sin against this commandment . 1. That speak false things in judgement accusing their neighbors unjustly ; or denying his crime publickly when we are asked , and can be commanded lawfully to tell it . 2. Flatterers , and 3. slanderers , 4. backbiters , 5. and detracters . 6. They that secretly raise jealousies , and suspition of their neighbours causelesly . X. Thou shalt not covet . The duties are . 1. To be content with the portion God hath given us . 2. Not to be covetous of other mens goods . They sin against this commandment . 1. That envy the prosperities of other men . 2. They that desire passionately to be possessed of what is their neighbours . 3. They that with greedinesse pursue riches , honours , pleasures and curiosities . 4. They that are too careful , troubled , distracted or amazed , affrighted and afflicted with being sollicitous in the conduct of temporal blessings . These are the general lines of duty by which we may discover our failings , and be humbled , and confesse accordingly ; onely the penitent person is to remember , that although these are the kindes of sins described after the sense of the Jewish Church , which consisted principally in the external action , or the deed done , and had no restraints upon the thoughts of men , save onely in the tenth commandment , which was mixt and did relate as much to action as to thought ( as appears in the instances ) yet upon us Christians there are many circumstances and degrees of obligation , which endear our duty with greater severity and observation ; and the penitent is to account of himself and enumerate his sins , not onely by external actions or the deed done , but by words & by thoughts ; and so to reckon if he have done it directly or indirectly , if he have caused others to do it , by tempting or incouraging , by assisting or counselling , by not disswading when he could and ought , by fortifying their hands or hearts , or not weakning their evil purposes ; if he have designed or contrived its action , desired it or loved it , delighted in the thought , remembred the past sin with pleasure or without sorrow , these are the by-wayes of sins , and the crooked lanes in which a man may wander and be lost as certainly as in the broad high wayes of iniquity . But besides this , our blessed Lord and his Apostles have added divers other precepts ; some of which have been with some violence reduc'd to the Decalogue , and others have not bin noted at all in the catalogues of confession , I shall therefore describe them entirely , that the sick man discover his failings , that by the mercies of God in Jesus Christ , and by the instrument of repentance he may be presented pure and spotlesse before the throne of God. The special precepts of the Gospel . 1. PRayer , frequent , servent , holy , and persevering . 2. Faith. 3. Repentance , 4. Poverty of spirit , as opposed to ambition , high designes , 5. and in it is humility , or sitting down in the lowest place , and in giving honour to go before another , 6. meeknesse , as it is opposed to waywardnesse , fretfulnesse , immoderate grieving , disdain and scorn , 7. contempt of the world , 8. prudence , or the advantagious conduct of religion , 9. simplicity or sincerity in words and actions , pretences and substances , 10. hope , 11. hearing the word , 12. Reading , 13. Assembling together , 14. obeying them that have the rule over us in spiritual affairs , 15. Refusing to communicate with persons excommunicate : whither also may be reduced , To reject Hereticks . 16 Charity , viz. love to God above all things , brotherly kindnesse , or profitable love to our neighbours as our selves , to be expressed in almes , forgivenesse , and to dye for our brethren , 17 To pluck out the right eye , or violently to rescind all occasions of sin , though dear to us as an eye , 18 To reprove our erring brother , 19 To be patient in afflictions , and longanimity is referred hither , or long sufferance ; which is the perfection and perseverance of patience ; and is opposed to hastinesse and wearinesse of spirit , 20 To be thankful to our benefactors , but above all , in all things to give thanks to God , 21. To rejoyce in the Lord alwayes , 22. Not to quench , not to grieve , not to resist the Spirit , 23 To love our wives as Christ loved his Church , and to reverence our husbands , 24. To provide for our families , 25 Not to be bitter to our children , 26. To bring them up in the nurture and admonition of the Lord , 27. Not to despise prophesying , 28. To be gentle and easie to be intreated , 29. To give no scandal , or offence , 30. To follow after peace with all men and to make peace , 31. Not to go to law before the unbelievers , 32. To do all things that are of good report , or the actions of publick honesty ; abstaining from all apearances of evil , 33 To convert souls or turn sinners from the errour of their wayes . 34. To confesse Christ before all the world , 35. To resist unto blood if God calls us to it , 36. To rejoyce in tribulation for Christs sake , 37. To remember and shew forth the Lords death till his second coming , by celebrating the Lords supper , 38. To believe all the New Testament , 39. To adde nothing to S. Iohns last Book , that is , to pretend to no new revelations , 40. To keep the customs of the Church , her festivals and solemnities , lest we be reproved as the Corinthians were by S. Paul , we have no such customs nor the Churches of God , 41. To contend earnestly for the faith . * Nor to be contentious in matters not concerning the eternal interest of our souls ; but in matters indifferent to have faith to our selves , 42. Not to make schisms or divisions in the body of the Church , 43. To call no man Master upon earth , but to acknowledge Christ our Master , and law giver . 44. not to domineer over the Lords heritage , 45 To try all things , and keep that which is best , 46 To be temperate in all things , 47. To deny our selves , 48. To mortifie our lusts and their instruments , 49. To lend looking for nothing again , nothing by way of increase , nothing by way of recompence . 50 To watch & stand in readines against the coming of the Lord , 51 ▪ Not to be angry without cause , 52. not at al to revile , 53. not to swear , 54 not to respect persons , 55. to lay hands suddenly on no man [ This especially pertains to * Bishops . * To whom also , and to all the Ecclesiastical order it is enjoyned , that they preach the word , that they be instant in season , and out of season , that they rebuke , reprove , exhort with all long suffering and doctrine . 56. To keep the Lords day ( derived into an obligation from a practise Apostolical ) 57. to do all things to the glory of God , 58. to hunger and thirst after righteousnesse and its rewards , 59. to avoid foolish questions , 60 to pray for persecuters , and to do good to them that persecute us , and despitefully use us , 61 to pray for all men , 62. to maintain good works for necessary uses . 63. to work with our own hands that we be not burdensome to others , avoiding idlenesse , 64 to be perfect as our heavenly Father is perfect , 65. to be liberal and frugal ; for he that will call us to account for our time , will also for the spending our money , 66 not to use uncomely jestings , 67. modesty ; as opposed to boldnesse , to curiosity , to undecency , 68. to be swift to hear , slow to speak , 69. to worship the holy [ Jesus ] at the mention of his holy name ; as of old God was at the mention of [ Jehovah . These are the streight lines of scripture , by which we may also measure our obliquities , and discover our crooked walking ; if the sick man hath not done these things , or if he have done contrary to any of them in any particular , he hath cause enough for his sorrow , and matter for his confession : of which he need no other forms , but that he heartily deplore and plainly enumerate his follies , as a man tells the sad stories of his own calamity . SECT . IX . Of the sick mans practise of charity and justice , by way of rule . 1. LEt the sick man set his house in order before he die ; state his cases of conscience , reconcile the fractures of his family , reunite brethren , cause right understandings , and remove jealousies ; give good counsels for the future conduct of their persons , and estates , charm them into religion by the authority and advantages of a dying person : because the last words of a dying man are like the tooth of a wounded Lion , making a deeper impression in the agony , then in the most vigorous strength . 2. Let the sick man discover every secret of art , or profit , physick , or advantage to mankinde , if he may do it without the prejudice of a third person . Some persons are so uncharitably envious that they are willing that a secret receipt should die with them , and be buried in their grave ; like treasure in the sepulchre of David . But this which is a designe of charity must therefore not be done to any mans prejudice ; and the Mason of Herodotus the King of Aegypt who kept secret his notice of the Kings treasure , and when he was a dying told his son , betrayed his trust then when he should have kept it most sacredly for his own interest . In all other cases let thy charity out-live thee , that thou mayest rejoyce in the mansion of rest , because by thy means many living persons are eased or advantaged . 3. Let him make his will with great justice and piety , that is , that the right heirs be not defrauded for collaterall respects , fancies or indirect fondnesses ; but the inheritances descend in their legall and due channell ; and in those things where we have a liberty , that we take the opportunity of doing vertuously , that is , of considering how God may be best served by our donatives , or how the interest of any vertue may be promoted ; in which we are principally to regard the necessities of our neerest kinred , and relatives , servants and friends . 4. Let the Will or Testament be made with ingenuity , opennesse , and plain expression , that he may not entail a law-suit upon his posterity and relatives , and make them lose their charity , or intangle their estates , or make them poorer by the gift . He hath done me no charity , but dies in my debt that makes me sue for a legacy . 5. It is proper for the estate of sicknesse , and an excellent anealing us to buriall , that we give alms in this state , so burying treasure in our graves , that will not perish but rise again in the resurrection of the just . Let the dispensation of our alms be as little intrusted to our Executors as may be , excepting to lasting and successive portions ; * but with our own present care let us exercise the charity , and secure the stewardship . It was a custome among the old Greeks , to bury horses , clothes , armes , and whatsoever was dear to the dece●sed person , supposing they might need them , and that without clothes they should be found naked by their Judges ; and al the friends did use to bring gifts ; by such liberality thinking to promote the interest of their dead . But we may offer our 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 our selves best of all ; our doles and funerall meals if they be our own early provisions , will then spend the better ; & it is good so to carry our passing penny in our hand , and by reaching that hand to the poor make a friend in the everlasting habitations . He that gives with his own hand shall be sure to find it , and the poor shall find it : but he that trusts Executors with his charity , & the Oeconomy and issues of his vertue , by which he must enter into his hopes of heaven & pardon , shall find but an ill account , when his Man thee behoueth oft to have this in mind : That thou giveth with thine hand , that shalt thou find ; For widows be slofull , and children be●h unkind , Executors beth covetous , & keep all that they find , If any body ask where the de●ds goods became ●hey answer So God me help & Halidam , he died a poor man. Think on this executors complain he died poor . Think on this . To this purpose wise and pious was the counsell of Salvian ; Let a dying man who hath nothing else of which he may make an effective oblation , offer up to God of his substance ; Let him offer it with compunction and tears , with grief and mourning , as knowing that all our oblations have their value , not by the price , but by the affection : and it is our faith that commends the money , since God receives the money by the hands of the poor , but at the same time gives , and does not take the blessing ; because he receives nothing but his own , and man gives that which is none of his own , that , of which onely he is a steward , and shall be accountable for every shilling . Let it therefore be offered humbly as a Creditor payes his debts , not magnifically as a Prince gives a donative ; and let him remember that such doles do not pay for the sin , but they ease the punishment ; they are not proper instruments of redemption , but instances of supplication , and advantages of prayer ; and when we have done well remember that we have not payed our debt , but showen our willingnesse to give a little of the vast sum we owe : and he that gives plentifully according to the measure of his estate , is still behind hand according to the measure of his sins ; let him pray to God that this late oblation may be accepted , and so it will , if it sails to him in a sea of poenitentiall tears or sorrows , that it is so little , and that it is so late . 6. Let the sick mans charity be so ordered that it may not come onely to deck the funerall and make up the pomp ; charity waiting like one of the solemn mourners ; but let it be continued , that beside the alms of health and sicknesse , there may be a rejoycing in God for his charity , long after his funeralls , so as to become more beneficial and lesse publike ; that the poor may pray in private and give God thanks many dayes together . This is matter of prudence : and yet in this , we are to observe the same regards which we had in the charity and alms of our lives ; with this onely difference , that in the funerall alms also of rich and able persons , the publike customes of the Church are to be observed , and decencie and solemnity , and the expectations of the poor , and matter of publike opinion , and the reputation of religion ; In all other cases , let thy charity consult with humility and prudence , that it never ministers at all to vanity ; but be as full of advantage and usefulnesse as it may . 7. Every man will forgive a dying person , and therefore let the sick man be ready and sure if he can , to send to such persons whom he hath injured , and beg their pardon and do them right ; For in his case , he cannot stay for an opportunity of convenient and advantageous reconcilement ; he cannot then spin out a treaty , nor beat down the price of composition , nor lay a snare to be quit from the obligation and coërcion of lawes ; but he must ask forgivenesse down-right , and make him amends as he can , being greedy of making use of this opportunity of doing a duty , that must be done , but cannot any more , if not now , untill times return again , and tels the minuts backward , so that yesterday shall be reckoned in the portions of the future . 8. In the intervalls of sharper pains , when the sick man am●sses together all the arguments of comfort and testimonies of Gods love to him , and care of him , he must needs find infinite matter of thanksgiving , and glorification of God : and it is a proper act of charity and love to God , and justice too , that he do honour to God on his death-bed for all the blessings of his life , not onely in generall communications , but those by which he hath been separate and discerned from others , or supported and blessed in his own person : Such as are ; [ In all my life time I never broke a bone , I never fell into the hands of robbers ; never into publike shame , or into noysome diseases : I have not begd my bread , nor been tempted by great and unequall fortunes : God gave me a good understanding , good friends , or delivered me in such a danger , and heard my prayers in such particular pressures of my spirit . ] This or the like enumeration and consequent acts of thanksgiving are apt to produce love to God , and confidence in the day of triall ; for he that * gave me blessings in proportion to the state and capacities of my life , I hope also will do so in proportion to the needs of my sicknesse , and my death-bed . This we find practised as a most reasonable piece of piety by the wisest of the Heathens . So Antipater Tarsensis gave God thanks for his prosperous voyage into Greece ; and Cyrus made a handsom prayer upon the tops of the mountains , when by a phantasme he was warned of his approaching death . Receive [ O God ] my Father these holy rites by which I put an end to many and great affairs : and I give thee thanks for thy celestiall signes and prophetic notices , whereby thou hast signified to me what I ought to do and what I ought not : I present also very great thanks that I have perceived and acknowledged your care of me , and have never exalted my self above my condition for any prosperous accident . And I pray that you will grant felicity to my wife , my children , and friends , and to me a death , such as my life hath been . But that of Philagrius in Gregory Nazianzen is eucharisticall , but it relates more especially to the blessings and advantages which are accidentally consequent to sicknesse . I thank thee O Father and maker of all thy children , that thou art pleased to blesse and to sanctifie us even against our wils , and by the outward man purgest the inward , and leadest us through crosse wayes to a blessed ending , for reasons best known unto thee . ] However when we go from our hospitall and place of little intermediall rest in our journey to heaven , it is fit that we give thanks to the major domo for our entertainment . When these parts of religion are finished , according to each mans necessity , there is nothing remaining of personall duty to be done alone , but that the sick man act over these vertues , by the renewings of devotion , and in the way of prayer ; and that is to be continued as long as life , and voice , and reason dwell with us . SECT . X. Acts of charity by way of prayer and ejaculation , which may also be used for thanksgiving , in case of recovery . O My soul thou hast said unto the Lord , thou art my Lord : my goodnesse extendeth not to thee : But to the saints that are in the earth , and to the excellent in whom is all my delight . The Lord is the portion of my inheritance and of my cup , thou maintainest my lot . As for God , his way is perfect : the word of the Lord is tried , he is a buckler to all those that trust in him . For who is God save the Lord ? or who is a rock save our God ? It is God that girdeth me with strength , and maketh my way perfect . Be not thou far from me O Lord : O my strength , haste thee to help me . Deliver my soul from the sword , my darling from the power of the dog , save me from the lions mouth : and thou hast heard me also from among the horns of the Unicorns . I will declare thy Name unto my brethren , in the midst of the Congregation will I praise thee . Ye that fear the Lord , praise the Lord ye sons [ of God J Glorifie him and fear before him all ye sons [ of men . For he hath not despised nor abhorred the affliction of the afflicted , neither hath he hid his face from him , but when he cryed unto him he heard . As the hart panteth after the water brooks , so longeth my soul after thee O God. My soul thirsteth for God , for the living God , when shall I come and appear before the Lord. O my God , my soul is cast down within me ; all thy waves and billows are gone over me : as with a sword in my bones I am reproached : yet the Lord will command his loving kindnesse in the day time , and in the night his song shall be with me , and my prayer unto the God of my life . Blesse ye the Lord in the congregations , even the Lord from the fountains of Israel : My mouth shall shew forth thy righteousnesse and thy salvation all the day , for I know not the numbers thereof . I will go in the strength of the Lord God , I will make mention of thy righteousnesse , even of thine onely . O God thou hast taught me from my youth . And hitherto have I declared thy wondrous works . But I will hope continually , and will yet praise thee more and more . Thy righteousnesse , O God is very high , who hast done great things . O God who is like unto thee ? thou which hast shewed me great and sore troubles shalt quicken me again , and shalt bring me up again from the depth of the earth . Thou shalt encrease thy goodnesse towards me , and comfort me on every side . My lips shall greatly rejoyce when I sing unto thee . And my soul which thou hast redeemed . Blessed be the Lord God , the God of Israel , who only doth wondrous things . And blessed be his glorious name for ever ; and let the whole earth be filled with his glory . Amen . Amen . I love the Lord , because he hath heard my voice , and my supplication . The sorrows of death compassed me , I found trouble and sorrow . Then called I upon the name of the Lord , O Lord I beseech thee deliver my soul. Gracious is the Lord and righteous , yea our God is merciful . The Lord preserveth the simple , I was brought low , and he helped me . Return to thy rest O my soul , the Lord hath dealt bountifully with thee . For thou hast delivered my soul from death , mine eyes from tears , and my feet from falling . Precious in the sight of the Lord is the death of his saints ; O Lord , truly I am thy servant , I am thy servant and the son of thine handmaid , thou shalt loose my bonds . He that loveth not the Lord Jesus , let him be accursed . O that I might love thee , as well as ever any creature loved thee . He that dwelleth in love dwelleth in God. There is no fear in love . The prayer . O Most Gracious and eternal God and loving Father , who hast powred out thy bowels upon us , and sent the son of thy love unto us to die for love , and to make us dwell in love , and the eternal comprehensions of thy divine mercies , O be pleased to inflame my heart with a holy charity ; towards thee and all the world . Lord I forgive all that ever have offended me and beg that both they and I may enter into the possession of thy mercies , and feel a gracious pardon from the same fountain of grace : and do thou forgive me all the acts of scandall , whereby I have provoked or tempted , or lessened , or disturbed any person ; Lord , let me never have my portion amongst those that divide the union , and disturb the peace , and break the charities of the Church , and Christian communion ; And though I am fallen into evil times , in which Christendom is divided by the names of an evil division , yet I am in charity with all Christians , with all that love the Lord Jesus , and long for his coming : and I would give my life to save the soul of any of my brethren ; and I humbly beg of thee that the publike calamity of the severall societies of the Church , may not be imputed to my soul , to any evil purposes . II. LOrd preserve me in the unity of the holy Church , in the love of God , and of my neighbours ; let thy grace inlarge my heart to remember , deeply to resent , faithfully to use , wisely to improve , and humbly to give thanks to thee for all thy favours , with which thou hast enriched my soul , and supported my estate , and preserved my person , and rescued me from danger , and invited me to goodnesse in all the dayes and periods of my life . Thou hast led me thorow it with an excellent conduct : and I have gone astray after the manner of men : but my heart is towards thee . O do unto thy servant as thou usest to do unto those that love thy Name : let thy truth comfort me , thy mercy deliver me , thy staffe support me , thy grace sanctifie my sorrow , and thy goodnesse pardon all my sins : thy Angels guide me with safety in this shadow of death , and thy most holy Spirit lead me into the land of righteousnesse , for thy Names sake which is so comfortable , and for Jesus Christ his sake , our Dearest Lord and most Gracious Saviour . Amen . CHAP. V. Of visitation of the sick : or the assistance that is to be done to dying persons , by the ministery of their Clergy Guides . SECT . I. GOd who hath made no new Covenant with dying persons distinct from the Covenant of the living , hath also appointed no distinct Sacraments for them , no other manner of usages , but such as are common to all the spirituall necessities of living and healthfull persons . In all the dayes of our religion , from our baptisme to the resignation and delivery of our soul , God hath appointed his servants to minister to the necessities , and eternally to blesse , and prudently to guide , and wisely to judge concerning souls ; and the Holy Ghost that anointing from above , descends upon us in severall effluxes , but ever by the ministeries of the Church . Our heads are anointed with that sacred unction Baptisme ( not in ceremony , but in reall and proper effect ) our foreheads in confirmation , our hands in ordinations ; all our senses in the visitation of the sick , and all by the ministery of especially deputed and instructed persons ; and we who all our life time derive blessings from the fountains of grace , by the channels of Ecclesiastical ministeries , must do it then especially , when our needs are most pungent and actuall . 1. We cannot give up our names to Christ , but the Holy man that ministers in religion must enroll them and present the persons , and consigne the grace : when we beg for Gods Spirit , the Minister can best present our prayers , and by his advocation hallow our private desires , and turn them into publike and potent offices . 2. If we desire to be established and confirmed in the grace and religion of our Baptisme , the Holy man , whose hands were anointed by a speciall ordination to that and its symbolical purposes , layes his hands upon the Catechumen and the anointing from above descends by that ministery . 3. If we would eat the body and drink the blood of our Lord , we must addresse our selves to the Lords Table , and he that stands there to blesse and to minister , can reach it forth , and feed thy soul ; and without his ministery thou canst not be nourished with that heavenly feast , nor thy body consigned to immortality , nor thy soul refreshed with the Sacramentall bread from heaven , except by spirituall suppletories , in cases of necessity and an impossible communion . 4. If we have committed sins , the spirituall man is appointed to restore us , and to pray for us , and to receive our confessions , and to enquire into our wounds , and to infuse oil and remedy , and to pronounce pardon . 5. If we be cut off from the communion of the faithfull by our own demerits , their holy hands must reconcile us , and give us peace ; they are our appointed comforters , our instructers , our ordinary Judges ; and in the whole : what the children of Israel beg'd of Moses , that God would no more speak to them alone , but by his servant Moses , lest they should be consumed , God in compliance with our infirmities hath of his own goodnesse established as a perpetuall law in all ages of Christianity ; that God will speak to us by his Ministers , and our solemn prayers shall be made to him by their advocation , and his blessings descend from heaven by their hands , and our offices return thither by their presidencies , and our repentance shall be managed by them , and our pardon in many degrees ministred by them ; God comforts us by their Sermons , and reproves us by their Discipline , and cuts off some by their severity , and reconciles others by their gentlenesse , and relieves us by their prayers , and instructs us by their discourses , and heals our sicknesses by their intercession , presented to God and united to Christs advocation ; and in all this , they are no causes , but servants of the will of God , instruments of the Divine Grace and order , stewards and dispensers of the mysteries , and appointed to our souls to serve and lead , and to help in all accidents , dangers , and necessities . And they who received us in our baptisme , are also to cary us to our grave , and to take care that our end be as our life was , or should have been ; and therefore , it is established as an Apostolical rule ; Is any man sick among you , let him send for the Elders of the Church , and let them pray over him , &c. The sum of the duties and offices respectively implied in these words is in the following rules . SECT . II. Rules for the manner of visitations of sick persons . 1. LEt the Minister of religion be sent to , not onely against the agony of death , but be advised with in the whole conduct of the sicknesse ; for in sicknesse indefinitely , and therefore in every sicknesse , and therefore in such which are not mortall , which end in health , which have no agony , or finall temptations , S. Iames gives the advise : and the sick man being bound to require them , is also tied to do it , when he can know them , and his own necessity . It is a very great evil both in the matter of prudence and piety , that they fear the Priest as they fear the Embalmer ; or the Sextons spade ; and love not to converse with him , unlesse he can converse with no man else ; and think his office so much to relate to the other world , that he is not to be treated with , while we hope to live in this ; and indeed that our religion be taken care of , onely when we die ; and the event is this , ( of which I have seen some sad experience ) that the man is deadly sick , and his reason is uselesse , and he is laid to sleep , and his life is in the confines of the grave , so that he can do nothing towards the trimming of his lamp ; and the Curate shall say a few prayers by him , and talk to a dead man , and the man is not in a condition to be helped ; but in a condition to need it hugely . He cannot be called upon to confesse his sins ; and he is not able to remember them , and he cannot understand an advice , nor hear a free discourse , nor be altered from a passion , nor cured of his fear , nor comforted upon any grounds of reason or religion , and no man can tell what is likely to be his fate ; or if he does , he cannot prophecie good things concerning him , but evil ; Let the spiritual man come when the sick man can be conversed withall , and instructed ; when he can take medicine and amend ; when he understands , or can be taught to understand the case of his soul , and the rules of his conscience ; and then his advice may turn into advantage ; It cannot otherwise be useful . 2. The entercourses of the Minister with the sick man have so much variety in them , that they are not to be transacted at once : and therefore they do not well that send once to see the good man with sorrow , and hear him pray , and thank him and dismisse him civilly , and desire to see his face no more ; To dresse a soul for funeral is not a work to be dispatched at one meeting : At once he needs a comfort , and anon something to make him willing to die ; and by and by he is tempted to impatience , and that needs a special cure , and it is a great work to make his confessions well , and with advantages ; and it may be the man is carelesse and indifferent , and then he needs to understand the evil of his sin , and the danger of his person : and his cases of conscience may be so many and so intricate , that he is not quickly to be reduced to peace ; and one time the holy man must pray , and another time he must exhort ; a third time administer the holy Sacrament ; and he that ought to watch all the periods and little portions of his life , lest he should be suprized and overcome , had need be watched when he is sick , and assisted , and called upon , and reminded of the several parts of his duty , in every instant of his temptation . This article was well provided for among the Easterlings ; for the Priests in their visitations of a sick person did abide in their attendance and ministery for seven dayes together . The want of this makes the visitations fruitlesse and the calling of the Clergy contemptible , while it is not suffered to imprint its proper effects upon them that need it in a lasting ministery . 3. S. Iames advises that when a man is sick he should send for the elders : one sick man for many Presbyters ; and so did the Eastern Churches , they sent for seven : and like a college of Physitians they ministred spiritual remedies , and sent up prayers like a quire of singing Clerks . In cities they might do so , while the Christians were few and the Priests many . But when they that dwelt in the Pagi or villages ceased to be Pagans , and were baptized , it grew to be an impossible felicity , unlesse in few cases , and to some more eminent persons : but because they need it most , God hath taken care that they may best have it ; and they that can , are not very prudent , if they neglect it . 4. Whether they be many or few that are sent to the sick person , let the Curate of his Parish or his own Confessor be amongst them that is , let him not be wholly advised by strangers who know not his particular necessities ; but he that is the ordinary Judge , cannot safely be passed by in his extraordinary necessity , which in so great portions depends upon his whole life past ; and it is a matter of suspicion when we decline his judgement that knowes us best , and with whom we formerly did converse , either by choice or by law , by private election or publike constitution . It concerns us then to make severe and profitable judgements , and not to conspire against our selves , or procure such assistances which may handle us softly , or comply with our weaknesses more then relieve our necessities . 5. When the Ministers of religion are come ; first let them do their ordinary offices , that is , pray for grace to the sick man , for patience , for resignation , for health ( if it seems good to God in order to his great ends . ) For that is one of the ends of the advice of the Apostle ; and therefore the minister is to be sent for , not while the case is desperate , but before the sicknesse is come to its crisis or period . ) Let him discourse concerning the causes of sicknesse , and by a general instrument move him to consider concerning his condition . Let him call upon him to set his soul in order , to trim his lamp , to dresse his soul , to renew acts of grace by way of prayer , to make amends in all the evils he hath done , and to supply all the defects of duty , as much as his past condition requires , and his present can admit . 6. According as the condition of the sickness , or the weaknesse of the man is observed , so the exhortation is to be less and the prayers more , because the life of the man was his main preparatory , and therefore if his condition be full of pain and infirmity , the shortnesse and small number of his own acts is to be supplied by the act of the Ministers and standers by ; who are in such cases to speak more to God for him , then to talk to him . For the prayer of the righteous when it is servent hath a promise to prevail much in behalf of the sick person . But exhortations must prevail with their own proper weight , not by the passion of the Speaker . But yet this assistance by way of prayers is not to be done by long offices , but by frequent . and fervent , and holy : in which offices , if the sick man joyns , let them be short and apt to comply with his little strength , and great infirmities ; if they be said in his behalf without his conjunction , they that pray may prudently use their own liberty , and take no measures , but their own devotions and opportunities and the sick mans necessities . When he hath made this general addresse and preparatory entrance to the work of many dayes and periods , he may descend to particulars by the following instruments and discourses . SECT . III. Of ministring in the sick mans confession of sins and repentance . THe first necessity that is to be served is that of repentance , in which the Ministers can in no way serve him but by first exhorting him to confession of his sins , and declaration of the state of his soul. For unlesse they know the manner of his life , and the degrees of his restitution , either they can do nothing at all , or nothing of advantage , and certainty : His discourses like Ionathans arrows , may shoot short , or shoot over , but not wound where they should , nor open those humours that need a lancet or a cautery . To this purpose the sick man may be reminded . Arguments and exhortations to move the sick man to confession of sins . 1. That God hath made a special promise to confession of sins . He that confesseth his sins and forsaketh them shall have mercy : and if we confesse our sins , God is righteous to forgive us our sins , and to cleanse us from all unrighteousnesse . That confession of sins is a proper act and introduction to repentance . * That when the Jews being warned by the sermons of the Baptist repented of their sins , they confessed their sins to Iohn in the susception of Baptism . * That the converts in the dayes of the Apostles returning to Christianity instantly declared their faith , and their repentance , by confession and declaration of their deeds which they then renounced , abjured , and confessed to the Apostles . * That confession is an act of many vertues together . * It is the gate of repentance , * an instrument of shame and condemnation of our sins , * a glorification of God , so called by Ioshuah particularly in the case of Achan , * an acknowledgement that God is just in punishing ; for by confessing of our sins , we also confesse his justice , and are assessors with God in this condemnation of our selves . * That by such an act of judging our selves we escape the more angry judgement of God. S. Paul expresly exhorting us to it upon that very inducement . * That confession of sins is so necessary a duty , that in all Scriptures it is the immediate preface to pardon , and the certain consequent of godly sorrow , and an integral or constituent part of that grace , which together with faith m●kes up the whole duty of the Gospel . * That in all ages of the Gospel , it hath been taught and practised respectively , that all the penitent made confessions proportionable to their repentance , that is , publike or private , general or particular . * That God by testimonies from heaven , that is , by his word , and by a consequent rare peace of conscience hath given approbation to this holy duty . * That by this instrument those whose office it is to apply remedies to every spiritual sicknesse , can best perform their offices , * that it is by all Churches esteemed a duty necessary to be done in cases of a troubled conscience . * That what is necessary to be done in one case , and convenient in all cases is fit to be done by all persons . * That without confession it cannot easily be judged concerning the sick person whether his conscience ought to be troubled or no , and therefore it cannot be certain that it is not necessary . * That there can be no reason against it but such as consults with flesh and blood , with infirmity and sin , to all which confession of sins is a direct enemy . * That now is that time when all the imperfections of his repentance and all the breaches of his duty are to be made up , and that if he omits this opportunity , he can never be admitted to a salutary and medicinal confession . * That S. Iames gives an expresse precept , that we Christians should confesse our sins to each other , that is , Christian to Christian , brother to brother , the people to their Minister , and then he makes a specification of that duty which a sick man is to do when he hath sent for the elders of the Church . * That in all this there is no force lies upon him , but if he hides his sins he shall not be directed , ( so said the Wise man ) but ere long he must appear before the great Judge of men and Angels ; and his Spirit will be more amazed and confounded to be seen among the Angels of light with the shadowes of the works of darknesse upon him , then he can suffer by confessing to God in the presence of him whom God hath sent to heal him . However , it is better to be ashamed here , then to be confounded hereafter : a pol pudere praestat quam pigere , totidem literis . * That confession being in order to pardon of sins , it is very proper and analogical to the nature of the thing , that it be made there where the pardon of sins is to be administred ; and that , of pardon of sins God hath made the Minister the publisher and dispenser ; and all this is besides the accidental advantages wich accrue to the conscience ; which is made ashamed , and timorous , and restrained by the mortifications and blushings of discovering to a man the faults committed in secret . * That the Ministers of the Gospel are the Ministers of reconciliation , are commanded to restore such persons as are overtaken in a fault , and to that purpose , they come to offer their Ministery , if they may have cognizance of the fault and person . * That in the matter of prudence it is not safe to trust a mans self in the final condition and last security of a mans soul , a man being no good Judge in his own case . And when a duty is so useful in all cases , so necessary in some , and encouraged by promises Evangelical , by Scripture precedents , by the example of both Testaments ; and prescribed by injunctions Apostolical and by the Canon of all Churches , and the example of all ages , and taught us even by the proportions of dutie , and the Analogie to the power Ministerial , and the very necessities of every man ; he that for stubbornnesse or sinful shamefac'dnesse , or prejudice , or any other criminal weaknesse shall decline to do it in the dayes of his danger , when the vanities of the world are worn off , and all affection to sin are wearied , and the sin it self is pungent and grievous , and that we are certain we shal not escape shame for them hereafter , unlesse we be ashamed of them here , and use all the proper instruments of their pardon ; this man I say is very neer death , but very far off from the kingdom of heaven . 2. The spirituall man will find in the conduct of this duty , many cases and variety of accidents , which will alter his course and forms of proceedings . 1. Most men are of a rude indifferency , apt to excuse themselves , ignorant of their condition , abused by evil principles , content with a generall and indefinite confession , and if you provoke them to it by the foregoing considerations , lest their spirits should be a little uneasie , or not secured in their own opinions , will be apt to say , They are sinners , as every man hath his infirm●ty , and he as well as any man ; But God be thanked , they bear no ill will to any man , or are no adulterers , or no rebels , or they have fought on the right side ; and God be mercifull to them for they are sinners . But you shall hardly open their brest further ; and to enquire beyond this , would be to do the office of an accuser . 3 But which is vet worse ; there are very many persons , who have been so used to an habituall course of a constant intem●er●nce , or dissolution in any other instance , that ●he crime is made naturall and necessary , and the conscience hath digested all the trouble , and the man thinks himself in a good estate , and never reckons any sins , but those which are the egressions and passings beyond his ordinary and daily drunkennesse . This happens in the cases of drunkennesse , and intemperate eating , and idlenesse , and uncharitablenesse , and in lying and vain jestings , and particularly in such evils which the lawes do not punish , and publike customs do not shame , but which are contenanced by potent sinners , or evil customs , or good nature , and mistaken civilities . Instruments by way of consideration , to awaken a carelesse person , and a stupid conscience . IN these and the like cases , the spirituall man must awaken the L●thargy , and prick the conscience by representing to him . 1. * That Christianity is a holy and a strict religion . 2. * That many are called but few are chosen . * That the number of them that are to be saved are but very few in respect of those that are to descend into sorrow and everlasting darknesse . * That we have covenanted with God in baptisme , to live a holy life . * That the measures of holinesse in Christian religion are not to be taken by the evil proportions of the multitude , and common ●ame of looser and lesse severe persons , because the multitude is that which does not enter into heaven , but the few , the elect , the holy servants of Jesus . * That every habituall sin does amount to a very great guilt in the whole , though it be but in a small instance . * That if the righteous scarcely be saved , then there will be no place for the righteous and the sinner to appear in , but places of horror and amazement . * That confidence hath destroyed many souls , and many have had a sad portion who have reckoned themselves in the Calendar of Saints . * That the promises of heaven are so great , that it is not reasonable to think that every man , and every life , and an easie religion shall possesse such infinite glories . * That although heaven is a gift , yet there is a great severity and strict exacting of the conditions on our part to receive that gift . * That some persons who have lived strictly for 40. years together , yet have miscarried by some one crime at last , or some secret hypocrisie , or a latent pride , or a creeping ambition , or a phantastic spirit ; and therefore much lesse can they hope to receive so great portions of felicities , when their life hath been a continuall declination from those severities which might have created confidence of pardon and acceptation , through the mercies of God and the merits of Jesus . * That every good man ought to be suspicious of himself , and in his judgement concerning his own condition to fear the worst , that he may provide for the better . * That we are commanded to work out our salvation with fear & trembling . * That this precept was given with very great reason , considering the thousand thousand wayes of miscarrying . * That S. Paul himself , and S. Arsenius , and S. Elzearius , and divers other remarkable Saints had at some times great apprehensions of the dangers of failing of the mighty price of their high calling . * That the stake that is to be secured is of so great an interest , that all our industry , and all the violences we can suffer in the prosecution of it are not considerable . * That this affair is to be done but once , and then never any more unto eternal ages . * That they who professe themselves servants of the institution and servants of the law and discipline of Jesus will find , that they must judge themselves by the proportions of that law by which they were to rule themselves . * That the laws of society and civility , and the voices of my company are as ill judges as they are guides ; but we are to stand or fall by his sentence , who will not consider or value the talk of idle men , or the persuasion of wilfully abused consciences ; but of him , who hath felt our infirmity in all things , but sin , and knowes where our failings are unavoidable , and where and in what degree they are excusable ; but never will endure a sin should seize upon any part of our love , and deliberate choice , or carelesse cohabitation . * That if our conscience accuse us not , yet are we not hereby justified , for God is greater then our consciences . * That they who are most innocent have their consciences most tender and sensible . * That scrupulous persons are alwayes most religious , and that to feel nothing , is not a signe of life but of death . * That nothing can be hid from the eyes of the Lord , to whom the day and the night , publike and private , words and thoughts , actions and designes are equally discernable . * That a lukewarme person is onely secured in his own thoughts , but very unsafe in the event , and despised by God. * That we live in an Age in which that which is called and esteemed a holy life , in the dayes of the Apostles and holy primitives would have been esteemed indifferent , sometimes scandalous , and alwayes cold . That what was a truth of God then , is so now ; and to what severities they were tyed , for the same also we are to be accountable ; and heaven is not now an easier purchase then it was then . * That if he will cast up his accounts , even with a superficial eye , Let him consider how few good works he hath done , how inconsiderable is the relief which he gave to the poor , how little are the extraordinaries of his religion , and how unactive and lame , how polluted and disordered , how unchosen and unpleasant were the ordinary parts and periods of it ? and how many and great sins have stained his course of life , and until he enters into a particular scrutinie , let him only revolve in his minde what his general course hth been ; and in the way of prudence , let him say , whether it was laudable and holy , or onely indifferent and excusable ; and if he can think it onely excusable , and so as to hope for pardon by such suppletories of faith , and arts of persuasion , which he and others use to take in , for auxiliaries to their unreasonable confidence , then he cannot but think it very fit that he search into his own state , and take a Guide , and erect a tribunal , or appear before that which Christ hath erected for him on earth , that he may make his accesse fairer when he shall be called before the dreadfull Tribunal of Christ in the clouds . For if he can be confident upon the stock of an unpraised , or a looser life , and should dare to venture upon wilde accounts , without order , without abatements , without consideration , without conduct , without fear , without scrutinies and confessions , and instruments of amends or pardon , he either knows not his danger , or cares not for it ; and little understands how great a horrour that is , that a man should rest his head for ever upon a cradle of flames , and lye in a bed of sorrows , and never sleep , and never end his groans , or the gnashing of his teeth . This is that which some spiritual persons call a wakening the sinner by the terrours of the law , which is a good analogie or Tropical expression to represent the threatnings of the Gospel , and the dangers of an incurious and a sinning person : but we have nothing else to do with the terrours of the law ; for , Blessed be God , they concern us not ; the terrours of the law were the intermination of curses upon all those that ever broke any of the least Commandements ; once , or in any instance : And to it the righteousnesse of faith is opposed : The terrors of the law admitted no repentance , no pardon , no abatement ; and were so severe , that God never inflicted them at all according to the letter , because he admitted all to repentance , that desired it with a timely prayer , unlesse in very few cases , as of Achan , or Corah , the gatherer of sticks upon the Sabbath-day , or the like : but the state of threatnings in the Gospel is very fearful , because the conditions of avoiding them are easie and ready , and they happen to evil persons after many warnings , second thoughts , frequent invitations to pardon and repentance , and after one entire pardon consigned in Baptism : and in this sense it is necessary that such persons as we now deal withall should be instructed concerning their danger . 4. When the sick man is either of himself , or by these considerations set forward with purposes of repentance , and confession of his sins in order to all its holy purposes , and effects , then the Minister is to assist him in the understanding the number of his sins , that is , the several kinds of them , and the various manners of prevaricating the divine commandments ; for as for the number of the particulars in every kinde , he will need lesse help ; and if he did , he can have it no where but in his own conscience , and from the witnesses of his conversation : Let this be done by prudent insinuation , by arts of remembrance , and secret notices , and propounding occasions and instruments of recalling such things to his minde , which either by publike fame he is accused of , or by the temptations of his condition it is likely he might have contracted . 5. If the person be truly penitent and forward to confesse all that are set before him or offered to his sight at a half face , then he may be complyed withall in all his innocent circumstances , and his conscience made placid and willing , and he be drawn forward by good nature and civilitie , that his repentance in all the parts of it , and in every step of its progresse and emanation , may be as voluntary and chosen as it can . For by that means if the sick person can be invited to do the work of religion , it enters by the door of his will and choice , and will passe on toward consummation , by the instrument of delight . 6. If the sick man be backward and without apprehension of the good natur'd and civil way ; let the Minister take care that by some way or other the work of God be secured ; and if he will not understand , when he is secretly prompted , he must be hollowed to , and asked in plain interrogatives concerning the crime of his life . He must be told of the evil things that are spoken of him in markets and exchanges , the proper temptations and accustomed evils of his calling and condition , of the actions of scandal , and in all those actions which were publike , or of which any notice is come abroad , let care be taken that the right side of the case of conscience be turned toward him ; and the errour truly represented to him , by which he was abused ; as the injustice of his contracts , his oppressive bargains , his rapine & violence ; and if he hath perswaded himself to think well of a scandalous action , let him be instructed and advertised of his folly and his danger . 7. And this advice concerns the Minister of religion to follow without partialitie or fear , or interest : in much simplicity and prudence , and hearty sincerity ; having no other consideration , but that the interest of the mans soul be preserved , and no caution used , but that the matter be represented with just circumstances , and civilities fitted to the person with prefaces of honour and regard ; but so that nothing of the duty be diminished by it , that the introduction do not spoil the sermon , and both together ruine two souls [ of the speaker and the hearer . ] For it may soon be considered ; if the sick man be a poor or an indifferent person in secular account , yet his soul is equally dear to God , and was redeemed with the same highest price , and therfore to be highly regarded : and there is no temptation , but that the spirituall man may speak freely without the allayes of interest , or fear , or mistaken civilities ; but if the sick man be a Prince , or a person of eminence or wealth , let it be remembred it is an ill expression of reverence to his authority ; or of regard to his person , to let him perish for the want of an honest , and just , and a free homily . Let the sick man in the scrutiny of his conscience and confession of his sins , be carefully reminded to consider those sins which are onely condemned in the court of conscience , and no where else . For there are certain secrecies and retirments , places of darknesse , and artificiall veils , with which the Devil uses to hide our sins from us , and to incorporate them into our affections by a constant uninterrupted practise , before they be prejudiced or discovered . 1. There are many sins which have reputation and are accounted honour , as fighting a duel , answering a blow with a blow , carrying armies into a neighbour countrey , robbing with a navy , violently seizing upon a kingdom . 2. Others are permitted by law ; as Vsury in all countreys ; and because every excesse of it is a certain sin , the permission of so suspected a matter makes it ready for us , and instructs the temptation . 3. Some things are not forbidden by lawes , as lying in ordinary discourse , jeering , scoffing , intemperate eating , ingratitude , selling too dear , circumventing another in contracts , importunate intreaties , and temptation of persons to many instances of sin , pride , and ambition . 4. Some others do not reckon the sin against God , if the lawes have seized upon the person ; and many that are imprisoned for debt , think themselves disobliged from payment ; and when they pay the penalty , think they owe nothing for the scandal and disobedience . 5. Some sins are thought not considerable , but go under the title of sins of infirmity , or inseparable accidents of mortality ; such as idle thoughts , foolish talking , looser revellings , impatience , anger , and all the events of evil company . 6. Lastly , many things are thought to be no sins ; such as mispending of their time , whole dayes or moneths of uselesse and impertinent imployment , long gaming , winning mens money in greater portions , censuring mens actions , curiosity , aecquivocating in the prices and secrets of buying and selling , rudenesse , speaking truths enviously , doing good to evil purposes , and the like : Under the dark shadow of these unhappy , and fruitlesse Yew-trees , the enemy of mankind makes very many to lie hid from themselves , sewing before their nakednesse the fig-leaves of popular and idol reputation , and impunity , publike permission , a temporall penalty , infirmity , prejudice , and direct errour in judgement , and ignorance . Now in all these cases the Ministers are to be inquisitive and observant , lest the fallacy prevail upon the penitent to evil purposes of death or diminution of his good ; and that those things which in his life passed without observation , may now be brought forth and passe under sawes and barrows , that is , the severity and censure of sorrow and condemnation . 9. To which I adde for the likenesse of the thing , that the matter of omission be considered ; for in them lies the bigger half of our failings ; and yet in many instances they are undiscerned , because they very often sit down by the conscience , but never upon it ; and they are usually looked upon as poor men do upon their not having coach and horses , or as that knowledge is missed by boyes , and hindes which they never had ; it will be hard to make them understand their ignorance ; it requires knowledge to perceive it ; and therefore he that can perceive it , hath it not . But by this pressing the conscience with omissions , I do not mean , recessions or distances , from states of eminency or perfection ; for although they may be used by the Ministers as an instrument of humility , and a chastiser of too big a confidence , yet that which is to be confessed and repented of , is omission of duty in direct instances and matters of commandement , or collaterall , and personall obligations , and is especially to be considered by Kings and Prelates , by Governours and rich persons , by Guides of souls , and Presidents of learning in publike charge ; and by all others in their proportions . 10. The ministers of religion must take care that the sick mans confession be as minute and particular as it can : and that as few sins as may be , be entrusted to the generall prayer of pardon for all sins : for by being particular and enumerative of the variety of evils which have disordered his life , his repentance is disposed to be more pungent and afflictive , and therefore more salutary and medicinall ; it hath in it more sincerity , and makes a better judgement of the finall condition of the man ; and from thence it is certain , the hopes of the sick man can be more confident and reasonable . 11. The spirituall man that assists at the repentance of the sick must not be inquisitive into all the circumstances of the particular sins , but be content with those that are direct parts of the crime , and aggravation of the sorrow ; Such as frequency , long abode , and earnest choice in acting them , violent desires , great expense , scandall of others , dishonour to the religion , dayes of devotion and religious solemnities , holy places , and the degrees of boldnesse and impudence , perfect resolution , and the habit . If the sick person be reminded or inquired into concerning these , it may prove a good instrument to increase his contrition , and perfect his penitentiall sorrows , and facilitate his ablution , and the means of his amendment . But the other circumstances , as of the relative person in the participation of the crime , the measures or circumstances of the impure action , the name of the injured man or woman , the quality or accidentall condition ; these and all the like are but questions springing from curiosity , and producing scruple , and apt to turn into many inconveniencies . 11. The Minister in this duty of repentance must be diligent to observe concerning the person that repents , that he be not imposed upon by some one excellent thing that was remarkable in the sick mans former life . For there are some people of one good thing . Some are charitable to the poor out of kind-heartednesse , and the same good-nature makes them easie and compliant with drinking persons , and they die with drink , but cannot live with charity : and their alms it may be shall deck their monument , or give them the reward of loving persons , and the poor mans thanks for alms , and procure many temporall blessings , but it is very sad that the reward should be all spent in this world : some are rarely just persons , and punctuall observers of their word with men , but break their promises with God , and make no scruple of that . In these and all the like cases , the spirituall man must be carefull to remark , that good proceeds from an intire and integrall cause , and evil from every part : That one sicknesse can make a man die ; but he cannot live and be called a sound man , without an intire health ; and therefore if any confidence arises upon that stock , so as that it hinder the strictness of the repentance , it must be allayed with the representment of this sad truth ; That he who reserves one evil in his choice , hath chosen an evil portion , and colliquintida and death is in the pot : and he that worships the God of Israel with a frequent sacrifice , and yet upon the anniversary will bow in the house of Venus , and loves to see the follies and the nakednesse of Rimmon , may eat part of the flesh of the sacrifice , and fill his belly , but shall not be refreshed by the holy cloud arising from the altar , or the dew of heaven descending upon the mysteries . 12. And yet the Minister is to estimate , that one ( or more good things ) is to be an ingredient into his judgement , concerning the state of his soul , and the capacities of his restitution , and admission to the peace of the Church ; and according as the excellency and usefulnesse of the grace hath been , and according to the degrees and the reasons of its prosecution , so abatements are to be made in the injunctions and impositions upon the penitent . For every vertue is one degree of approach to God ; and though in respect of the acceptation , it is equally none at all , that is , it is as certain a death if a man dies with one mortall wound , as if he had twenty , yet in such persons who have some one or more excellencies , though not an intire piety , there is naturally a neerer approach to the estate of grace , then in persons who have done evils and are eminent for nothing that is good . But in making judgement of such persons , it is to be inquired into and noted accordingly , why the sick person was so eminent in that one good thing ; whether by choice and apprehension of his duty , or whether it was a vertue from which his state of life ministred nothing to dehort or discourage him , or whether it was onely a consequent of his naturall temper and constitution . If the first , then it supposes him in the neighbourhood of the state of grace , and that in other things he was strongly tempted . The second is a felicity of his education , and an effect of providence . The third is a felicity of his nature and a gift of God in order to spirituall purposes . But yet of every one of these , advantage is to be made . If he conscience of his duty was the principle , then he is ready formed to entertain all other graces upon the same reason , and his repentance must be made more sharp and penall ; because he is convinced to have done against his conscience in all the other parts of his life ; but the judgement concerning his finall state ought to be more gentle , because it was a huge temptation that hindred the man and abused his infirmity : but if either his calling or his nature were the parents of the grace , he is in the state of a morall man , ( in the just and proper meaning of the word ) and to be handled accordingly : that vertue disposed him rarely well to many other good things , but was no part of the grace of sanctification ; and therefore the mans repentance is to begin anew , for all that ; and is to be finished in the returns of health , if God grants it , but if he denies it , it is much , very much the worse for all that sweet natur'd vertue . 13. When the confession is made , the spirituall man is to execute the office of a Restorer and a Iudge in the following particulars and manner . SECT . IIII. Of the ministring to the restitution and pardon , or reconciliation of the sick person , by administring the Holy Sacrament . IF any man be overtaken in a fault , ye which are spiritual restore such a one in the spirit of meeknesse . That 's the Commission : and Let the Elders of the Church pray over the sick man , and if he have committed sins , they shall be forgiven him , that 's the effect of his power and his ministery . But concerning this , some few things are to be considered . 1. It is the office of the Presbyters and Ministers of religion to declare publike criminals and scandalous persons to be such , that when the leprosie is declared , the flock may avoid the infection and then the man is excommunicate ; when the people are warned to avoid the danger of the man , or the reproach of the crime , to withdraw from his society , and not to bid him God speed , not to eat and celebrate synaxes and Church-meetings with such who are declared criminal and dangerous : and therefore excommunication is in a very great part , the act of the Congregation and communities of the faithfull , and S. Paul said to the Church of the Corinthians , that they had inflicted the evil upon the incestuous person ; that is , by excommunicating him : all the acts of which , are , as they are subjected in the people ; acts of caution and liberty , but no more acts of direct , proper power or jurisdiction , then it was when the scholers of Simon Magus lef● his chair and went to hear S. Peter . But as they are actions of the Rulers of the Church , so they are declarative , ministerial , and effective too by morall causality , that is , by perswasion , and discourse , by argument , and prayer , by homily , and materiall representment , by reasonablenesse of order , and the superinduced necessities of men ; though not by any reall change of state as to the person , nor by diminution of his right , or violence to his condition . 2. He that baptises , and he that ministers the Holy Sacrament , and he that prayes , does holy offices of great advantage , but in these also , just as in the former he exercises no jurisdiction or preheminence after the manner of saecular authority ; and the same is also true if he should deny them . He that refuseth to baptize an indisposed person , hath by the consent of all men no power or jurisdiction over the unbaptized man ; and he that for the like reason refuseth to give him the Communion , preserves the sacrednesse of the mysteries , and does charitie to the undisposed man , to deny that to him which will do him mischief ; and this is an act of separation just as it is for a friend or Physitian to deny water to an Hydropic person , or Italian wines to a hectic feaver , or as if Cato should deny to salute Bibulus , or the Censor of maners to do countenance to a wanton and vitious person : and though this thing was expressed by words of power , such as separation , abstention , excommunication , deposition , yet these words we understand by the thing it self , which was notorious and evident , to be matter of prudence , security and a free , unconstrained discipline ; and they passed into power by consent and voluntary submission ; having the same effect of constraint , fear and authority , which we see in secular jurisdiction , not because ecclesiastical discipline hath a natural proper coercion as lay-Tribunals have , but because men have submitted to it , and are bound to do so upon the interest of two or three Christian graces . 3. In pursuance of this caution and provision the Church superinduced times and manners of abstention , and expressions of sorrow , and canonical punishments which they tyed the delinquent people to suffer before they would admit them to the holy Table of the Lord. For the criminal having obliged himself by his sin , and the Church having declared it when she could take notice of it , he is bound to repent , to make him capable of pardon with God , and to prove that he is penitent , he is to do such actions , which the Church in the vertue and pursuance of repentance shall accept as a testimony of it , sufficient to inform her ; for as she could not binde at all ( in this sence ) till the crime was publike , though the man had bound himself in secret : so neither can she set him free till the repentance be as publike as the sin ; or so as she can note it and approve it : Though the man be free as to God by his internal act , yet as the publication of the sin was accidental to it , and the Church censure consequent to it , so is the publication of repentance and consequent absolution extrinsecal to the pardon , but accidentally and in the present circumstances necessary . This was the same that the Jews did , ( though in other instances and expressions ) and do to this day to their prevarica●ing people ; and the Essenes in their assemblies ; and private Colleges of scholars , and publike Universities . For all these being assemblies of voluntary persons , and such as seek for advantage , are bound to make an artificial authority in their superiours , and so to secure order , and government by their own obedience and voluntary subordination , which is not essential and of proper jurisdiction in the superiour ; and the band of it is not any coe●citive power , but the denying to communicate such benefits which they seek in that communion and fellowship . 4. These I say were introduced in the speciall manners and instances by positive authority , and have not a divine authority commanding them ; but there is a divine power that verefies them , and makes these separations effectual and formidable : for because they are declarative and ministerial in the spirituall man , and suppose a delinquencie and demerit in the other , and a sin against God , our blessed Saviour our hath declared , that what they binde in earth shall be bound in heaven , that is in plain signification ; The same sins and sinners which the Clergie condemns in the face of their assemblies , the same is condemned in heaven before the face of God ; and for the same reason too . Gods law hath sentenced it , and these are the preachers and publishers of his law , by which they stand condemned ; and these laws are they that condemn the sin , or acquit the penitent there and here ; whatsoever they binde here shall be bound there , that is , the sentence of God at the day of judgement shall sentence the same men whom the Church does rightly sentence here ; it is spoken in the future [ it shall be bound in heaven ] not but that the sinner is first bound there , or first absolved there ; but because all binding and loosing in the interval is imperfect and relative to the day of judgement ; the day of the great sentence : therefore it is set down in the time to come , and sayes this only ; The Clergie are tyed by the word and laws of God to condemn such sins and sinners ; and that you may not think it ineffective , because after such sentence the man lives and growes rich , or remains in health and power , therefore be sure it shall be verified in the day of judgement . This is hugely agreeable with the words of our Lord , and certain in reason ; for that the minister does nothing to the final alteration of the state of the mans soul by way of sentence is demonstratively certain , because he cannot binde a man , but such as hath bound himself , and who is bound in heaven by his sin before his sentence in the Church : as also be-because the binding of the Church is meerly accidental , and upon publication only ; and when the man repents he is absolved before God , before the sentence of the Church , upon his contrition and dereliction only ; and if he were not , the Church could not absolve him : The consequent of which evident truth is this , that whatsoever impositions the Church officers impose upon the criminal , they are to avoid scandal , to testifie repentance , and to exercise it , to instruct the people , to make them fear , to represent the act of God , and the secret and the true state of the sinner ; and although they are not essentially necessary to our pardon , yet they are become necessary when the Church hath seized upon the sinner by publike notice of the crime ; necessary ( I say ) for the removing the scandal , and giving testimony of our contrition , and for the receiving all that comfort which he needs , and can derive from the promises of pardon , as they are published by him that is commanded to preach them to all them that repent : and therefore although it cannot be necessary as to the obtaining pardon , that the Priest should in private absolve a sick man from his private sins , and there is no loosing where there was no precedent binding , and he that was only bound before God , can before him onely be loosed , yet as to confess sins to any Christian in private may have many good ends , and to confess them to a Clergy-man may have many more ; so to hear Gods sentence at the mouth of the Ministers , pardon pronounced by Gods embassador , is of huge comfort to them , that cannot otherwise be comforted , and whose infirmity needs it ; and therefore it were very fit it were not neglected in the dayes of our fear and danger , of our infirmities and sorrow . 5. The execution of this ministery , being an act of prudence and charity , and therefore relative to changing circumstances it hath been and in many cases may , and in some must be rescinded and altered ; the time of separation may be lengthned and shortned , the condition made lighter or heavier , and for the same offence the Clergy man is deposed , but yet admitted to the communion , for which one of the people who hath no office to lose , is denyed the benefit of communicating ; and this sometimes when he might lawfully receive it ; and a private man is separate when a multitude or a prince is nor , cannot , ought not ; and at last , when the case of sicknesse and danger of death did occur , they admitted all men that desired it ; sometimes without scruple or difficulty , sometimes with some little restraint in great or insolent cases ( as in the case of Apostacie , in which the Councel of Arls denyed absolution , unlesse they received and gave publike satisfaction by acts of repentance ; and some other Councels denyed at any time to do it to such persons ) according as seemed sitting to the present necessities of the Church : all which particulars declare it to be no part of a divine commandment , that any man should be denyed to receive the Communion if he desires it , and if he be in any probable capacitie of receiving it . 6. Since the separation was an act of libertie and a direct negative , it followes that the restitution was a meer doing that which they refused formerly , and to give the holy Communion was the formality of absolution , and all the instrument and the whole matter of reconcilement , the taking off the punishment , is the pardoning of the sin ; for this without the other is but a word ; and if this be done I care not whether any thing be said or no. Vinum Dominicum ministratoris gratia est : is also true in this sence : to give the chalice and cup is the grace and indulgence of the Minister ; and when that is done the man hath obtained the peace of the Church ; and to do that is all the absolution the Church can give ; and they were vain disputes which were commenced some few ages since , concerning the forms of absolution , whether they were indicative or optative , by way of declaration , or by way of sentence ; for at first they had no forms at all ; but they said a prayer , and after the manner of the Jews laid hands upon the penitent , when they prayed over him , and so admitted him to the holy Communion ; for since the Church had no power over her children , but of excommunicating and denying them to attend upon holy offices and ministeries respectively , neither could they have any absolution , but to admit them thither from whence formerly they were forbidden ; whatsoever ceremonie or forms did signifie , this was superinduced and arbitrary , alterable and accidental , it had variety , but no necessity . 7. The practise consequent to this is , that if the penitent be bound by the positive censures of the Church , he is to be reconciled upon those conditions which the laws of the Church tye him to , in case he can perform them ; if he cannot , he can no longer be prejudiced by the censure of the Church , which had no relation but to the people , with whom the dying man is no longer to converse ; for whatsoever relates to God , is to be transacted in spirituall wayes , by contrition , and internall graces ; and the mercy of the Church is such , as to give him her peace and her blessing upon his undertaking to obey her injunction , if he shall be able ; which injunctions if they be declared by publike sentence , the Minister hath nothing to do in the affairs but to remind him of his obligation , and reconcile him , that is , give him the Holy Sacrament . 8. If the penitent be not bound by publike sentence , the Minister is to make his repentance as great , and his heart as contrite as he can ; to dispose him by the repetition of acts of grace in the way of prayer , and in reall and exteriour instances where he can , and then to give him the Holy Communion in all the same cases , in which he ought not to have denied it to him in his health , that is , even in the beginnings of such a repentance , which by humane signes he beleeves to be reall and holy ; and after this , the event must be left to God. The reason of the rule depends upon this ; Because there is no Divine commandement directly forbidding the Rulers of the Church to give the Communion to any Christian that desires it , and professes repentance of his sins . And all Church discipline in every instance , and to every single person was imposed upon him by men , who did it according to the necessities of this state and constitution of our affairs below ; but we who are but Ministers and delegates of pardon and condemnation , must resigne and give up our judgement when the man is no more to be judged by the sentences of man , and by the proportions of this world , but of the other ; to which if our reconciliation does advantage , we ought in charity to send him forth with all the advantages he can receive ; for he will need them all : and therefore the Nicene Councel commands , that no man be deprived of this necessary pasport in the article of his death , and calls th●s the ancient and canonicall law of the Church : and to minister it , onely supposes the man in the communion of the Church , not alwayes in the state , but ever in the possibilities of sanctification . They who in the article and danger of death were admitted to the communion , and tied to penance if they recovered ( which was ever the custome of the ancient Church , unlesse in very few cases ) were but in the threshold of repentance , in the commencement and first introductions to a devout life : and indeed then it is a fit ministery , that it be given in all the periods of time in which the pardon of sins is working , since it is the Sacrament of that great mystery , & the exhibition of that blood which is shed for the remission of sins . 9. The Minister of religion ought not to give the Communion to a sick person , if he retains the affection to any sin , and refuses to disavow it , or professe repentance of all sins whatsoever , if he be required to do it . The reason is , because it is a certain death to him , and an increase of his misery if he shall so prophane the body and blood of Christ , as to take it into so unholy a breast , where Sathan reignes , and sin is principall , and the Spirit is extinguished ; and Christ loves not to enter , because he is not suffered to inhabite . But when he professes repentance and does such acts of it as his present condition permits , he is to be presumed to intend heartily what he professes solemnly ; and the Minister is onely the Judge of outward act , and by that onely he is to take information concerning the inward . But whether he be so or no , or if he be , whether that be timely , and effectuall and sufficient toward the pardon of sins before God , is another consideration , of which we may conjecture here , but we shall know it at doomsday . The spirituall man is to do his ministery by the rules of Christ , and as the customs of the Church appoint him ; and after the manner of men ; the event is in the hands of God , and is to be expected not directly and wholly according to his ministery ; but to the former life , or the timely * internall repentance and amendment ; of which I have already given accounts . These ministeries are acts of order and great assistances , but the sum of affairs does not relie upon them . And if any man puts his whole repentance upon this time , or all his hopes upon these ministeries , he will find them and himself to fail . 10. It is the Ministers office to invite sick and dying persons to the Holy Sacrament ; such whose lives were fair , and laudable , and yet their sicknesse sad and violent , making them list-lesse and of slow desires , and flower apprehensions ; that such persons who are in the state of grace , may lose no accidentall advantages of spirituall improvement , but may receive into their dying bodies the symboles and great consignations of the resurrection , and into their soules the pledges of immortality ; and may appear before God their Father in the union , and with the impresses and likenesse of their elder Brother . But if the persons be of ill report , and have lived wickedly , they are not to be invited , because their case is hugely suspicious , though they then repent and call for mercy ; but if they demand it , they are not to be denied ; onely let the Minister in generall represent the evil consequents of an unworthy participation ; and if the penitent will judge himself unworthy let him stand candidate for pardon at the hands of God , and stand or fall by that unerring and mercifull sentence ; to which his severity of condemning himself before men , will make the easier and more hopefull addresse . And the strictest among the Christians , who denied to reconcile lapsed persons after baptisme , yet acknowledged that there were hopes reserved in the court of heaven for them , though not here ; since we who are easily deceived by the pretences of a reall return , are tied to dispense Gods graces as he hath given us commission , with fear and trembling , and without too forward confidences , and God hath mercies which we know not of , and therefore because we know them not , such persons were referred to Gods Tribunal , where he would finde them , if they were to be had at all . 11. When the holy Sacrament is to be administred , let the exhortation be made proper to the mystery ; but fitted to the man ; that is , that it be used for the advantages of faith or love , or contrition ; let all the circumstances and parts of the Divine love be represented ; all the mysterious advantages of the blessed Sacrament be declared , * That it is the bread which came from heaven , * That it is the representation of Christs death to all the purposes and capacities of faith , * and the real exhibition of Christs body and blood to all the puposes of the Spirit , * That it is the earnest of the resurrection , * and the seed of a glorious immortality , * That as by our cognation to the body of the first Adam we took in death , so by our union with the body of the second Adam , we shall have the inheritance of life ; for as by Adam came death , so by Christ cometh the resurrection of the dead , * That if we being worthy Communicants of these sacred pledges be presented to God with Christ within us , our being accepted of God is certain even for the sake of his well beloved that dwells within us , * That this is the Sacrament of the body which was broken for our sinnes , of that blood which purifies our souls , by which we are presented to God pure and holy , in the beloved , * That now we may ascertain our hopes and make our faith confident , for he that hath given us his Son , how should not he with him give us all things else ? Upon these or the like considerations , the sick man may be assisted in his addresse , and his faith strengthened , and his hope confirmed , and his charity be enlarged . 12. The manner of the sick mans reception of the holy Sacrament hath in it nothing differing from the ordinary solemnities of the Sacrament , save onely that abatement is to be made of such accidentall circumstances , as by the lawes or customes of the Church healthfull persons are obliged to ; such as fasting , kneeling , &c. though I remember that it was noted for great devotion in the Legate that died at Trent , that he caused himself to be sustained upon his knees , when he received the viaticum or the holy Sacrament before his death , and it was greater in Hunniades that he caused himself to be carried to the Church , that there he might receive his Lord , in his Lords house ; and it was recorded for honour , that William the pious Arch-Bishop of Bourges , a small time before his last agony , sprang out of his bed at the presence of the holy Sacrament , and upon his knees and his face recommended his soul to his Saviour . But in these things no man is to be prejudiced or censured . 13. Let not the holy Sacrament be administred to dying persons , when they have no use of reason to make that duty acceptable , and the mysteries effective to the purposes of the soul. For the Sacraments and ceremonies of the gospel operate not without the concurrent actions and moral influences of the suscipient . To infuse the chalice in to the cold lips of the Clinick may disturb his agony , but cannot relieve the soul , which onely receives improvement by acts of grace and choice , to which the external rites are apt and appointed to minister , in a capable person . All other persons , as fools , children , distracted persons , lethargical , apoplectical , or any wayes senselesse and uncapable of humane and reasonable acts , are to be assisted onely by prayers ; for they may prevail even for the absent , and for enemies , and for all those who joyn not in the office . SECT . V. Of Ministring to the sick person by the Spiritual man , as he is the Physitian of souls . 1. IN all cases of receiving confessions of sick men , and the assisting to the advancement of repentance , the Minister is to apportion to every kinde of sin such spiritual remedies which are apt to mortifie and cure the sin , such as abstinence from their occasions , and opportunities , to avoid temptations , to resist their beginnings , to punish the crime by acts of indignation against the person , fastings and prayer , alms and all the instances of charity , asking forgiveness , restitution of wrongs , satisfaction of injuries , acts of vertue contrary to the crimes : and although in great and dangerous sicknesses they are not directly to be imposed , unlesse they are direct matters of duty , yet where they are medicinall they are to be insinuated , and in general signification remarked to him , and undertaken accordingly : concerning which when he returnes to health he is to receive particular advices ; and this advice was inserted into the penitential of England in the time of Theodore Arch-Bishop of Canterbury , and afterward adopted into the Canon of all the Western Churches . 2. The proper temptations of sick men for which a remedie is not yet provided : are unreasonable fears , and unreasonable confidences , which the Minister is to cure by the following considerations . Considerations against unreasonable fears of not having our sins pardoned . Many good men , especially such who have tender consciences , impatient of the least sin , to which they are arrived by a long grace and a continual observation of their actions , and the parts of a lasting repentance , many times overact their tendernesse , and turn their caution into scruple , and care of their duty into inquiries after the event , and askings after the counsels of God , and the sentences of dooms-day . He that asks of the standers by , or of the Minister , whether they think he shall be saved or damned , are to be answered with the words of pity and reproof . Seek not after new light for the searching into the privatest records of God ; look as much as you list into the pages of revelation ; for they concern your duty ; but the event is registred in heaven , and we can expect no other certain notices of it , but that it shall be given to them for whom it is prepared by the Father of mercies ; we have light enough to tell our duty ; and if we do that we need not fear what the issue will be ; and if we do not , let us never look for more light , or inquire after Gods pleasure concerning our souls , since we so little serve his ends in those things where he hath given us light . But yet this I adde , that as pardon of sins in the old Testament was nothing but removing the punishment which then was temporal , and therefore many times they could tell if their sins were pardoned , and concerning pardon of sins they then had no fears of conscience , but while the punishment was on them , for so long indeed it was unpardoned , and how long it would so remain it was matter of fear , and of present sorrow : Besides this , in the Gospel , pardon of sins is another thing . Pardon of sins is a sanctification : Christ came to take away our sin by turning every one of us from our iniquities . And there is not in the nature of the thing any expectation of pardon , or signe or signification of it , but so far as the thing it self discovers it self ; As we hate sin and grow in grace , and arrive at the state of holinesse , which is also a state of repentance and imperfection ; but yet of sincerity of heart and diligent endeavour , in the same degree we are to judge concerning the forgiveness of sins ; for indeed that is the Evangelical forgivenesse , and it signifies our pardon , because it effects it , or rather it is in the nature of the thing ; so that we are to enquire into no hidden records : forgivenesse of sins is not a secret sentence , a word or a record : but it is a state of change and effected upon us ; and upon our selves we are to look for it , to read it , and understand it . We are onely to be curious of our duty , and confident of the Article of remission of sins , and the conclusion of these premises will be , that we shall be full of hopes of a prosperous resurrection : and our fear and trembling are no instances of our calamity , but parts of duty ; we shall sure enough be wafted to the shore , although we be tossed with the winds of our sighs , and the unevenness of our fears , and the ebbings and flowings of our passions , if we sail in a right chanel , and steere by a perfect compasse , and look up to God , and call for his help , and do our own endeavour . There are very many reasons why men ought not to despair : and there are not very many men that ever go beyond a hope , till they passe into possession ; if our fears have any mixture of hope , that is enough to enable and to excite our duty , and if we have a strong hope , when we cast about , we shall finde reason enough to have many fears : let not this fear weaken our * hands , and if it allay our gayeties and our confidences , it is no harm . In this uncertainty we must abide , if we have committed sins after baptisme : and those confidences which some men glorie in , are not reall supports or good foundations . The fearing man is the safest , and if he fears on his death-bed , it is but what happens to most considering men , and what was to be looked for all his life time , he talked of the terrours of death , and death is the king of terrours : and therefore it is no strange thing if then he be hugely afraid : if he be not it is either a great felicity or a great presumption : but if he wants some degree of comfort or a greater degree of hope , let him be refreshed by considering . 1. That Christ came into the world to save sinners . 2 That God delights not in the confusion and death of sinners . 3. That in heaven there is great joy at the conversion of a sinner . 4. That Christ is a perpetual advocate daily interceding with his Father for our pardon . 5. That God uses infinite arts , instruments and devices to reconcile us to himself . 6. That he prayes us to be in charity with him , and to be forgiven . 7. That he sends Angels to keep us from violence , and evil company , from temptations and surprizes ; and his holy Spirit to guide us in holy wayes , and his servants to warn us and reminde us perpetually ; and therefore since certainly he is so desirous to save us , as appears by his word , by his oaths , by his very nature , and his daily artifices of mercy , it is not likely that he will condemn us without great provocations of his Majesty , and perseverance in them . 8. That the covenant of the Gospel is a covenant of grace , and of repentance , and being established with so many great solemnities and miracles from heaven , must signifie a huge favour , and a mighty change of things , and therefore that repentance which is the great condition of it is a grace that does not expire in little accents and minutes , but hath a great latitude of signification , and a large extension of parts , under the protection of all which persons are safe , even when they fear exceedingly . 9. That there are great degrees and differences of glory in heaven ; and therefore if we estimate our piety by proportions to the more eminent persons and devouter people , we are not to conclude we shall not enter into the same state of glory , but that we shall not go into the same degrees . ( 9 ) That although forgivenesse of sins is consigned to us in Baptism , and that this Baptism is but once , and cannot be repeated , yet forgivenesse of sins is the grace of the gospel , which is perpetually remanent upon us , and secured unto us so long as we have not renounced our Baptisme ; For then we enter into the condition of repentance ; and repentance is not an indivisible grace , or a thing performed at once ; but is working all our lives , and therefore so is our pardon , which ebbes and flowes according as we discompose or renew the decency of our Baptismall promises ; and therefore it ought to be certain , that no man despair of pardon , but he that hath voluntarily renounced his Baptism , or willingly estranged himself from that covenant : He that sticks to it , and still professes the religion , and approves the faith , and endeavours to obey and to do his duty , this man hath all the veracity of God to assure him , and give him confidence that he is not in an impossible state of salvation , unlesse God cuts him off before he can work , or that he begins to work when he can no longer choose . 10. And then let him consider : the more he fears , the more he hates his sin , that is the cause of it , and the lesse he can be tempted to it , and the more desirous he is of heaven , and therefore such fears are good instruments of grace , and good signes of a future pardon . 11. That God in the old law , although he made a Covenant of perfect obedience , and did not promise pardon at all after great sins , yet he did give pardon , and declared it so to them for their own , and for our sakes too : So he did to David , to Manasses , to the whole Nation of the Israelies ten times in the wildernesse , even after their Apostacies , and Idolatries ; and in the Prophets , the mercies of God and his remissions of sins were largely preached ; though in the Law God put on the robes of an angry Judge , and a severe Lord : but therefore in the Gospel , where he hath established the whole summe of affairs upon faith and repentance ; if God should not pardon great sinners that repent after baptisme , with a free dispensation , the Gospel were far harder then the intolerable Covenant of the Law. 12. That if a Proselyte went into the Jewish communion and were circumcised and baptized , he entred into all the hopes of good things which God had promised , or would give to his people , and yet that was but the Covenant of works . If then the Gentile Proselytes by their circumcision and legall baptisme , were admitted to a state of pardon to last so long as they were in the Covenant , even after their admission ; for sins committed against Moses law which they then undertook to observe exactly . In the Gospel which is the Covenant of Faith , it must needs be certain , that there is a great grace given , and an easier conditon entred into , then was that of the Jewish law ; and that is nothing else , but that abatement is made for our infirmities , and our single evils , and our timely repented and forsaken habits of sin , and our violent passions , when they are contested withall , and fought with , and under discipline , and in the beginnings and progresses of mortification . 13. That God hath erected in his Church a whole order of men , the main part and dignity of whose work it is to remit and retain sins by a perpetuall and daily ministery ; and this they do , not onely in baptisme , but in all their offices to be administered afterwards : in the Holy Sacrament of the Eucharist which exhibits the Symbols of that blood which was shed for pardon of our sins , and therefore by its continued ministery and repetition declares that all that while we are within the ordinary powers and usuall dispensations of pardon , even so long as we are in any probable dispositions to receive that Holy Sacrament . And the same effect is also signified and exhibited in the whole power of the Keyes , which if it extends to private sins , sins done in secret , it is certain it does also to publike ; but this is a greater testimony of the certainty of the remissibility of our greatest sins ; for publike sins as they alwayes have a sting and a superadded formality of scandall and ill example , so they are most commonly the greatest ; such as murder , sacriledge , and others of unconcealed nature , and unprivate action ; and if God for these worst of evils hath appointed an office of ease and pardon , which is and may daily be administred , that will be an uneasie pusillanimity , and fond suspicion of Gods goodnesse to fear , that our repentance shall be rejected , even although we have not committed the greatest , or the most of evils . 14. And it was concerning baptized Christians that Saint Iohn said , If any man sin we have an Advocate with the Father , and he is the propitiation for our sins ; and concerning lapsed Christians S. Paul gave instruction , that if any man be overtaken in a fault , ye which are spiritual restore such a man , in the spirit of meeknesse , considering lest ye also be temted : the Corinthian Christian committed incest , and was pardoned ; and ‑ Simon Magus after he was baptized offered to commit his own sin of Simony , and yet Saint Peter bid him pray for pardon ; and S. Iames tells , that if the sick man sends for the Church , and they pray over him , and he confesse his sins they shall be forgiven him . 15. That onely one sin is declared to be irremissible , the sin against the Holy Ghost , the sin unto death , as S. Iohn calls it , for which we are not bound to pray , for all others we are : and certain it is , no man commits a sin against the Holy Ghost , if he be afraid he hath , and desires that he had not ; for such penitentiall passions are against the definition of that sin . 16. That all the Sermons in the Scripture written to Christians & Disciples of Jesus , exhorting men to repentance , to be afflicted , to mourn and to weep , to confession of sins , are sure testimonies of Gods purpose and desire to forgive us , even when we fall after baptisme ; and if our fall after baptisme were irrecoverable , then all preaching were in vain , and our faith were also vain , and we could not with comfort rehearse the Creed , in which as soon as ever we professe Jesus to have died for our sins , we also are condemned by our own conscience of a sin that shall not be forgiven ; and then all exhortations , and comforts , and fasts , and disciplines were uselesse , and too late ; if they were not given us before we can understand them ; for most commonly as soon as we can we enter into the regions of sin ; For we commit evil actions before we understand , and together with our understanding they begin to be imputed . 17. That if it could be otherwise , infants were very ill provided for in the Church who were baptized , when they have no stain upon their brows , but the misery they contracted from Adam ; and they are left to be Angels for ever after , and live innocently in the midst of their ignorances and weaknesse , and temptations , and the heat and follies of youth ; or else to perish in an eternall ruine : we cannot think or speak good things of God , if we entertain such evil suspicions of the mercies of the Father of our Lord Jesus . 18. That the long-sufferance and patience of God is indeed wonderfull ; but therefore it leaves us in certainties of pardon , so long as there is possibilitie to return , if we reduce ●he power to act . 19. That God calls upon us to forgive our brother seventy times seven times , and yet all that is but like the forgiving a hundred pence for his sake who forgives us ten thousand talents ; for so the Lord professed that he had done to him that was his servant and his domestic . 20. That if we can forgive a hundred thousand times , it is certain God will do so to us ; Our Blessed Lord having commanded us to pray for pardon as we pardon our offending and penitent brother . 21. That even in the case of very great sins , and great judgements inflicted upon the sinners , wise and good men and Presidents of Religion have declared their sense to be , that God spent all his anger , and made it expire in that temporall misery ; and so it was supposed to have been done in the case of Ananias ; but that the hopes of any penitent man may not rely upon any uncertainty , we find in holy Scripture , that those Christians who had for their scandalous crimes deserved to be given over to Sathan to be buffetted , yet had hopes to be saved in the day of the Lord. 22. That God glories in the titles of mercy and forgivenesse , and will not have his appellatives so finite and limited as to expire in one act , or in a seldome pardon . 23. That mans condition were desperate and like that of the falling Angels , equally desperat , but unequally oppressed , considering our infinite weaknesses , and ignorances , ( in respect of their excellent understanding and perfect choice ) if he could be admitted to no repentance after his infant Baptisme : and if he may be admitted to one , there is nothing in the Covenant of the Gospel but he may also to a second , and so for ever as long as he can repent , and return and live to God in a timely religion . 24. That every man is a sinner : In many things we offend all , and if we say we have no sin we deceive our selves ; and therefore either all must perish , or else there is mercy for all ; and so there is , upon this very stock , because Christ died for sinners , and God hath comprehended all under sin that he might have mercy upon all . 25. That if ever God sends temporall punishments into the world with purposes of amendment , and if they be not all of them certain consignations to hel ; and unlesse every man that breaks his leg , or in punishment loses a child , or wife be certainly damned , it is certain that God in these cases is angry and loving , chastises the sin , to amend the person , and smites that he may cure , and judges that he may absolve . 26. That he that will not quench the smoaking flax , nor break the bruised reed , will not tie us to perfection , and the lawes and measures of heaven upon earth ; and if in every period of our repentance he is pleased with our duty , and the voyce of our heart , and the hand of our desires , he hath told us plainly that he will not onely pardon all the sins of the dayes of our folly , but the returns and surprises of sins in the dayes of repentance , if we give no way , and allow no affection , and give no peace to any thing that is Gods enemy ; all the past sins , and al the seldom returning and ever repented evils being put upon the accounts of the Crosse. An exercise against despair in the day of our death . TO which may be added this short exercise , to be used for the curing the temptation to direct despair , in case that the hope and faith of good men be assaulted in the day of their calamity . I consider that the ground of my trouble is my sin ; and if it were not for that I should not need to be troubled ; but the help that all the world looks for , is such as supposes a man to be a sinner . * Indeed if from my self I were to derive my title to heaven , then my sins were a just argument of despair ; but now that they bring me to Christ , that they drive me to an appeal to Gods mercies , and to take sanctuary in the Crosse , they ought not , they cannot infer a just cause of despair . * I am sure it is a stranger thing that God should take upon him hands and feet , and those hands and feet should be nailed upon a crosse , then that a man should be partaker of the felicities of pardon , and life eternall ; and it were stranger yet , that God should do so much for man , and that a man that desires it , that labours for it , that is in life and possibilities of working his salvation , should inevitably misse that end , for which that God suffered so much . For what is the meaning , and what is the extent , and what are the significations of the Divine mercy , in pardoning sinners ? If it be thought a great matter that I am charged with originall sin : I confesse I feel the weight of it in loads of temporall infelicities , and proclivities to sin . But I fear not the guilt of it , since I am baptized ; and it cannot do honour to the reputation of Gods mercy , that it should be all spent in remissions of what I never chose , never acted , never knew of , could not help , concerning which I received no commandement , no prohibition : But ( blessed be God ) it is ordered in just measures that , that originall evil which I contracted without my will , should be taken away without my knowledge ; and what I suffered before I had a being , was cleansed before I had an usefull understanding . But I am taught to beleeve Gods mercies to be infinite , not onely in himself , but to us ; for mercy is a relative terme , and we are its correspondent ; of all the creatures which God made , we onely in a proper sense are the subjects of mercy and remission ; Angels have more of Gods bounty then we have , but not so much of his mercy ; and beasts have little rayes of his kindnesse , and effects of his wisdom and graciousnesse in petty donatives ; but nothing of mercy ; for they have no lawes , and therefore no sins , and need no mercy , nor are capable of any : Since therefore man alone is the correlative or proper object and vessell of reception of an infinite mercy , and that mercy is in giving and forgiving , I have reason to hope that he will so forgive me that my sins shall not hinder me of heaven ; or because it is a gift , I may also upon the stock of the same infinite mercy hope he will give heaven to me ; and if I have it either upon the title of giving , or forgiving , it is alike to me , and will alike magnifie the glories of the Divine mercy . And because eternall life is the gift of God , I have lesse reason to despair ; for if my sins were fewer , and my disproportions towards such a glory were lesse , and my evennesse more , yet it is still a gift , and I could not receive it , but as a free , and a gracious donative ; and so I may still ; God can still give it me ; and it is not an impossible expectation to wait and look for such a gift at the hands of the God of mercy ; the best men deserve it not , and I who am the worst , may have it given me . * And I consider , that God hath set no measures of his mercy , but that we be within the Covenant , that is , repenting persons , endeavouring to serve him with an honest single heart ; and that within this Covenant there is a very great latitude , and variety of persons , and degrees and capacities ; and therefore that it cannot stand with the proportions of so infinite a mercy that obedience be exacted to such a point ( which he never expressed ) unlesse it should be the least , and that to which all capacities though otherwise unequall are fitted , and sufficiently enabled . * But however I finde that the Spirit of God taught the writers of the New Testament to apply to us all in general , and to every single person in particular some gracious words which God in the Old Testament spake to one man upon a special occasion in a single and temporal instance : such are the words which God spake to Ioshuah , I will never fail thee nor forsake thee , and upon the stock of that promise S. Paul forbids covetousnesse , and perswades contentednesse because those words were spoken by God to Ioshuah in another case . If the gracious words of God have so great extension of parts , and intension of kinde purposes , then how many comforts have we upon the stock of all the excellent words which are spoken in the Prophets , and in the Psalms ? and I will never more question whether they be spoken concerning me , having such an authentic precedent so to expound the excellent words of God ; all the treasures of God which are in the Psalms are my own riches , and the wealth of my hope ; there will I look , and whatsoever I can need , that I will depend upon : for certainly if we could understand it ; that which is infinite ( as God is ) must needs be some such kinde of thing ; it must go whither it was never sent , and signifie what was not first intended , and it must warm with its light , and shine with its heat , and refresh when it strikes , and heal when it wounds , and ascertain where it makes afraid , and intend all when it warms one , and mean a great deal in a small word ; and as the Sun passing to its Southern Tropic looks with an open eye upon his sun-burnt Aethiopians , but at the same time sends light from its posterns and collateral influences from the backside of his beams , and sees the corners of the East , when his face tends towards the West , because he is a round body of fire , and hath some little images and resemblances of the infinite ; so is Gods mercy ; when it looked upon Moses it relieved S. Paul , and it pardoned David , and gave hope to Manasses , and might have restored Iudas , if he would have had hope and used himself accordingly . * But as to my own case , I have sinned grievously and frequently . But I have repented it , but I have begged pardon , I have confessed it and forsaken it , I cannot undo what was done , and I perish if God hath appointed no remedie ; if there be no remission : but then my religion falls together with my hope ; and Gods word fails as well as I : but I believe the article of forgivenesse of sins ; and if there be any such thing I may do well ; for , I have , and do , and will do that which all good men call repentance , that is , I will be humbled before God , and mourn for my sin , and for ever ask forgivenesse , and judge my self , and leave it with haste , and mortifie it with diligence , and watch against it carefully ; and this I can do but in the manner of a man , I can but mourn for my sins , as I apprehend grief in other instances ; but I will rather choose to suffer all evils then to do one deliberate act of sin ; I know my sins are greater then my sorrow , and too many for my memory , & too insinuating to be prevented by all my care ; but I know also that God knowes and pities my infirmities ; and how far that will extend , I know not , but that it will reach so far as to satisfie my needs , is the matter of my hope . * But this I am sure of , that I have in my great necessity prayed humbly and with great desire , and sometimes I have been heard in kinde , and sometimes have had a bigger mercy instead of it , and I have the hope of prayers , and the hope of my confession , and the hope of my endeavour , and the hope of many promises and of Gods essential goodnesse ; and I am sure that God hath heard my prayers and verified his promises in temporall instances : for he ever gave me sufficient for my life , and although he promised such supplies and grounded the confidences of them upon our first seeking the kingdom of heaven and its righteousnesse , yet he hath verified it to me , who have not sought it as I ought : But therefore I hope he accepted my endeavour , or will give his great gifts and our great expectation even to the weakest endeavour , to the least , so it be a hearty piety . * And sometimes I have had some chearful visitations of Gods Spirit , and my cup hath been crowned with comfort , and the wine that made my heart glad danced in the chalice , and I was glad that God would have me so ; and therefore I hope this cloud may passe ; for that which was then a real cause of comfort is so still , if I could dis●ern it ; and I shall discern it when the veil is taken from my eyes , * ( and blessed be God ) I can still remember that there are temptations to despair ; and they could not be temptations if they were not apt to perswade ; and had seeming probability on their side ; and they that despair think they do it with greatest reason ; for if they were not confident of the reason , but that it were such an argument as might be opposed or suspected , then they could not despair ; despair assents as firmly and strongly as faith it self ; but because it is a temptation , and despair is a horrid sin , therefore it is certain those persons are unreasonably abused , and they have no reason to despair , for all their confidence ; and therefore although I have strong reasons to condemn my self , yet I have more reason to condemn my despair , which therefore is unreasonable , because it is a sin , and a dishonour to God , and a ruine to my condition ; and verifies it self , if I do not look to it ; for as the hypochondriac person that thought himself dead , made his dream true when he starved himself , because dead people eat not : so do despairing sinners lose Gods mercies by refusing to use , and to believe them . * And I hope it is a disease of judgement , not an intolerable condition that I am falling to , because I have been told so concerning others , who therefore have been afflicted , because they see not their pardon sealed after the manner of this world ; and the affairs of the Spirit are transacted by immaterial notices , by propositions and spiritual discourses , by promises which are to be verified hereafter ; and here we must live in a cloud , in darknesse under a veil , in fear and uncertainties , and our very living by faith and hope , is a life of mystery and secresie , the onely part of the manner of that life in which we shall live in the state of separation ; and when a distemper of body or an infirmity of minde happens in the instances of such secret and reserved affairs , we may easily mistake the manner of our notices for the uncertainty of the thing ; and therefore it is but reason I should stay , till the state and manner of my abode be changed before I despair ; there it can be no sin , nor error , here it may be both ; and if it be that , it is also this ; and then a man may perish for being miserable , and be undone for being a fool . In conclusion , my hope is in God , and I will trust him with the event , which I am sure will be just , and I hope full of mercy . * However , now I will use all the spiritual arts of reason and religion to make me more and more to love God , that if I miscarry , Charity also shall fail , and something that loves God shall perish , and be damned ; which if it be impossible then I may do well . These considerations may be useful to men of little hearts and of great piety ; or if they be persons who have lived without infamy , or begun their repentance so late , that it is very imperfect , and yet so early that it was before the arrest of death . But if the man be a vitious person and hath persevered in a vitious life till his death-bed , these considerations are not proper . Let him inquire in the words of the first Disciples after Pentecost : Men and brethren what shall we do to be saved ? and if they can but entertain so much hope as to enable them to do so much of their dutie as they can for the present , it is all that can be provided for them ; an inquirie in their case can have no other purposes of religion or prudence : and the Minister must be infinitely careful that he do no not go about to comfort vitious persons with the comforts belonging to Gods elect , lest he prostitute holy things , and make them common , and his sermons deceitful , and vices be incouraged in others , and the man himself finde that he was deceived , when he descends into his house of sorrow . But because very few men are tempted with too great fears of failing , but very many are tempted by confidence and presumption ; the Ministers of religion had need be instructed with spiritual armour , to resist this fiery dart of the Devil , when it operates to evil purposes . SECT . VI. Considerations against Presumption . I Have already enumerated many particulars to provoke a drowzy conscience to a scrutinie , and to a suspicion of himself , that by seeing cause to suspect his condition he might more freely accuse himself and attend to the necessities and duties of repentance ; but if either before or in his repentance he grow too big in in his spirit , so as either he does some little violence to the modesties of humilitie , or abate his care and zeal of his repentance , the spiritual man must allay his frowardnesse by representing to him . 1. That the growths in grace are long , difficult , uncertain , hindred , of many parts and great variety . 2. That an infant grace is soon dash'd and discountenanced , often running into an inconvenience and the evils of an imprudent conduct , being zealous , and forward , and therefore confident , but alwayes with the least reason , and the greatest danger ; like children and young fellows whose confidence hath no other reason , but that they understand not their danger and their follies . 3. That he that puts on his armour ought not to boast , as he that puts it off ; and the Apostle chides the Galatians , for ending in the flesh after they had begun in the spirit : 4. that a man cannot think too meanly of himself , but very easily he may think too high . 5 That a wise man will alwayes in a matter of great concernment think the worst , and a good man will condemn himself with hearty sentence . 6. That humility and modesty of judgement and of hope , are very good instruments to procure a mercie and a fair reception at the day of our death ; but presumption or bold opinions serve no end of God or man ; and is alwayes imprudent , ever fatal , and of all things in the world is its own greatest enemy ; for the more any man presumes , the greater reason he hath to fear . 7. That a mans heart is infinitely deceitful , unknown to it self , not certain in his own acts , praying one way , and desiring another , wandring and imperfect , loose and various , worshipping God and entertaining sin , following what it hates , and running from what it flatters , loving to be tempted and betrayed , petulant like a wanton girle , running from , that it might invite the fondnesse and enrage the appetite of the foolish young man or the evil temptation that followes it ; cold and indifferent one while , and presently zealous and passionate , furious and indiscreet ; not understood of it self or any one else , and deceitful beyond all the arts and numbers of observation . 8. That it is certain we have highly sinned against God , but we are not so certain that our repentance is reall and effective , integral and sufficient . 9. That it is not revealed to us whether or no the time of our repentance be not past , or if it be not , yet how far God will give us pardon ; and upon what condition , or after what sufferings or duties , is still under a cloud . 10. That vertue and vice are oftentimes so neer neighbours , that we passe into each others borders without observation , and think we do justice when we are cruel , or call our selves liberal when we are loose and foolish in expences ; and are amorous when we commend our own civilities , and good nature . 11. That we allow to our selves so many little irregularities , that insensibly they swell to so great a heap , that from thence we have reason to fear an evil ; for an army of frogs and flies may destroy all the hopes of our harvest . 12. That when we do that which is lawful , and do all that we can in those bounds we commonly and easily run out of our proportions . 13. That it is not easie to distinguish the vertues of our nature from the vertues of our choice ; and we may expect the reward of temperance , when it is against our nature to be drunk ; or we hope to have the coronet of virgins for our morose disposition , or our abstinence from marriage upon secular ends . 14. That it may be we call every little sigh or the keeping a fish-day the dutie of repentance , or have entertained false principles in the estimate , and measures of vertues ; and contrarie to the Steward in that Gospel , we write down fourscore when we should set downe but fifty . 15. That it is better to trust the goodnesse , and justice of God with our accounts then to offer him large bits . 16. That we are commanded by Christ to sit down in the lowest place , till the Master of the house bids us sit up higher . 17. That when we have done all that we can we are unprofitable servants ; and yet no man does all that he can do ; and therefore is more to be despised and undervalued . 18. That the self-accusing Publican was justified rather then the thanksgiving and confident Pharisee . 19. That if Adam in Paradise , and David in his house , and Solomon in the Temple , and Peter in Christs family , and Iudas in the College of Apostles , and Nicholas among the Deacons , and the Angels in heaven it self did fall so foully and dishonestly , then it is prudent advice that we be not high minded , but fear , and when we stand most confidently take heed lest we fall , and yet there is nothing so likely to make us fall as pride and great opinions ; which ruined the Angels , which God resists , which all men despise , and which betrayes us into carelesnesse and a wretchlesse , undiscerning and an unwary spirit . 4. Now the main parts of the Ecclesiastical ministery are done ; and that which remains is , that the Minister pray over him , and reminde him to do good actions , as he is capable , * to call upon God for pardon , * to put his whole trust in him , * to resigne himself to Gods disposing , * to be patient and even , * to renounce every ill word or thought , or undecent action which the violence of his sicknesse may cause in him , * to beg of God to give him his holy Spirit , to guide him in his agony , and * his holy Angels to guard him in his passage . 5. Whatsoever is besides this , concerns the standers by ; that they do all their ministeries diligently , and temperately , * that they joyn with much charity and devotion in the prayer of the Minister , * that they make no outcries or exclamations in the departure of the soul , * and that they make no judgement concerning the dying person , by his dying quietly or violently , with comfort or without , with great fears or a cheerful confidence , with sense or without , like a lamb or like a lyon , with convulsions or semblances of great pain , or like an expiring and a spent candle ; for these happen to all men , without rule , without any known reason , but according as God pleases to dispense the grace , or the punishment for reasons onely known to himself ; Let us lay our hands upon our mouth , and adore the mysteries of the divine wisdome and providence , and pray to God to give the dying man rest and pardon , and to our selves grace to live well , and the blessing of a holy and a happy death . SECT . VII . Offices to be said by the Minister in his visitation of the sick . IN the Name of the Father , of the Son and of the Holy Ghost . Our Father which art in Heaven , &c. Let the Priest say this prayer secretly . O Eternal Jesus , thou great lover of souls : who hast constituted a ministery in the Church to glorifie thy Name , and to serve in the assistance of those that come to thee , professing thy discipline and service ; give grace to me the unworthiest of thy servants , that I in this my ministery may purely and zealously intend thy glory , and effectually may minister comfort and advantages to this sick person , ( whom God assoil from all his offences ) and grant that nothing of thy grace may perish to him by the unworthinesse of the Minister ; but let thy Spirit speak by me , and give me prudence and charity , wisdom and diligence , good observation and apt discourses , a certain judgement , and merciful dispensation , that the soul of thy servant may passe from this state of imperfection , to the perfections of the state of glory , thorough thy mercies , O Eternal Jesus . Amen . The Psalm . OUt of the depths have I cryed unto thee O Lord : Lord hear my voice : let thine ears be attentive to the voice of my supplications . If thou Lord should mark iniquities : O Lord , who shall stand ? but there is forgivenesse with thee , that thou mayest be feared . I wait for the Lord , my soul doth wait , and in his word do I hope : my soul waiteth for the Lord more then they that watch for the morning . Let Israel hope in the Lord , for with the Lord there is mercy , and with him is plenteous redemption : and he shall redeem his servants from all their iniquities . Wherefore should I fear in the dayes of evil , when the wickednesse of my heels shall compasse me about ? * No man can by any means redeem his brother , nor give to God a ransome for him ( for the redemption of their soul is precious , and it ceaseth for ever ) that he should still live for ever , and not see corruption . But wise men die , likewise the fool and the brutish person perish , and leave their wealth to others : but God will redeem my soul from the power of the grave , for he shall receive me . As for me , I will behold thy face in righteousnesse : I shall be satisfied when I awake in thy likenesse . Thou shalt shew me the path of life , in thy presence is the fulnesse of joy , at thy right hand there are pleasures for evermore . Glory be to the Father , &c. As it was in the beginning , &c. Let us Pray . ALmighty God , Father of mercies , the God of peace and comfort , of rest and pardon , we thy servants though unworthy to pray to thee , yet in duty to thee and charity to our brother , humbly beg mercy of thee for him , to descend upon his body and his soul ; One sinner , O Lord , for another , the miserable for the afflicted , the poor for him that is in need ; but thou givest thy graces and thy favours by the measures of thy own mercies , and in proportion to our necessities ; we humbly come to thee in the Name of Jesus , for the merit of our Saviour , and the mercies of our God , praying thee to pardon the sins of this thy servant , and to put them all upon the accounts of the Crosse , and to bury them in the grave of Jesus , that they may never rise up in judgement against thy servant , nor bring him to shame and confusion of face in the day of finall inquiry and sentence . Amen . II. GIve thy servant patience in his sorrows , comfort in this his sicknesse , and restore him to health if it seem good to thee , in order to thy great ends , and his greatest interest . And however thou shalt determine concerning him in this affair , yet make his repentance perfect , and his passage , and his faith strong , and his hope modest and confident , that when thou shalt call his soul from the prison of the body , it may enter into the securities and rest of the sons of God , in the bosome of blessednesse , and the custodies of Jesus . Amen . III. THou , O Lord , knowest all the necessities , and all the infirmities of thy servant , fortifie his spirit with spirituall joyes and perfect resignation , and take from him all degrees of inordinate or insecure affections to this world , and enlarge his heart with desires of being with thee , and of freedome from sins , and fruition of God. IV. LOrd , let not any pain or passion discompose the order and decencie of his thoughts and duty ; and lay no more upon thy servant then thou wilt make him able to bear , and together with the temptation do thou provide a way to escape ; even by the mercies of a longer and a more holy life , or by the mercies of a blessed death , even as it pleaseth thee , O Lord , so let it be . V. LEt the tendernesse of his conscience , and the Spirit of God call to mind his sins , that they may be confessed and repented of : because thou hast promised , that if we confesse our sins , we shall have mercy : Let thy mighty grace draw out from his soul every root of bitternesse , lest the remains of the old man be accursed with the reserves of thy wrath ; but in the union of the Holy Jesus , and in the charities of God and of the world , and the communion of all the saints let this soul be presented to thee blamelesse and intirely pardoned , and thorowly washed through Jesus Christ our Lord. Here also may be inserted the prayers set down after the Holy Communion is administred . The Prayer of S. Eustratius the Martyr to be used by the sick or dying man , or by the Priests , or assistants in his behalf , which he said when he was going to martyrdom . I Will praise thee O Lord , that thou hast considered my low estate , and hast not shut me up in the hands of my enemies , nor made my foes to rejoyce over me : and now let thy right hand protect me , and let thy mercy come upon me , for my soul is in trouble and anguish because of its departure from the body . O let not the assemblies of its wicked and cruell enemies meet it in the passing forth , nor hinder me , by reason of the sins of my passed life . O Lord be favourable unto me , that my so I may not behold the hellish countenance of the spirits of darknesse , but let thy bright and joyfull Angels entertain it . Give glory to thy Holy Name and to thy Majesty ; place me by thy mercifull arm before thy seat of Judgement , and let not the hand of the prince of this world snatch me from thy presence , or bear me into hell . Mercy sweet Jesu . Amen . A Prayer taken out of the Euchologion of the Greek Church , to be said by or in behalf of people in their danger , or neer their death . 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , &c. I. BEmired with sins and naked of good deeds , I that am the meat of worms cry vehemently in spirit ; Cast not me wretch away from thy face ; place me not on the left hand who with thy hands didst fashion me ; but give rest unto my soul , for thy great mercy sake , O Lord. II. SUpplicate with tears unto Christ , who is to judge my poor soul , that he would deliver me from the fire that is unquenchable . I pray you all my friends and acquaintance make mention of me in your prayers , that in the day of Judgement I may find mercy at that dreadfull Tribunall . III. Then may the by-standers pray . WHen in unspeakable glory thou dost come dreadfully to judge the whole world , vouchsafe O gracious Redeemer that this thy faithfull servant may in the clouds meet thee cheerfully . They who have been dead from the beginning , with terrible and fearfull trembling stand at thy Tribunall waiting thy just , O Blessed Saviour Jesus . None shall there avoid thy formidable and most righteous judgement . All Kings and Princes with servants stand together and hear the dreadfull voyce of the Judge condemning the people , which have sinned , into hell , from which sad sentence , O Christ deliver thy servant . Amen . Then let the sick man be called upon to rehearse the Articles of his Faith ; or if he be so weak he cannot , let him ( if he have not before done it ) be called to say Amen , when they are recited , or to give some testimony of his faith and confident assent to them . After which it is proper ( if the person be in capacity ) that the Minister examine him , and invite him to confession ; and all the parts of repentance , according to the foregoing rules ; after which , he may pray this prayer of absolution . OUr Lord Jesus Christ who hath given Commission to his Church in his Name , to pronounce pardon to all that are truly penitent , he of his mercy pardon and forgive thee all thy sins , deliver thee from all evils past , present , and future , preserve thee in the faith and fear of his holy Name to thy lives end , and bring thee to his everlasting Kingdom , to live with him for ever and ever . Amen . Then let the sick man renounce all heresies , and whatsoever is against the truth of God , or the peace of the Church , and pray for pardon for all his ignorances and errors , known and unknown . After which let him ( if all other circumstances be fitted ) be disposed to receive the Blessed Sacrament , in which the Curate is to minister according to the form prescribed by the Church . When the rites are finished , let the sick man in the dayes of his sicknesse be imployed with the former offices and exercises before described ; and when the time drawes neer of his dissolution , the Minister may assist by the following order of recommendation of the soul. I. O Holy and most Gracious Saviour Jesus , we humbly recommend the soul of thy servant into thy hands , thy most mercifull hands ; let thy Blessed Angels stand in ministery about thy servant , and defend him from the violence and malice of all his ghos●ly enemies , and drive far from hence all the spirits of darknesse . Amen . II. LOrd receive the soul of this thy servant ; Enter not into judgement with thy servaant ; spare him whom thou hast redeemed with thy most precious blood , deliver him from all evil , and mischief ; from the crafts and assaults of the Devil , from the fear of death , and from everlasting death , Good Lord deliver him . Amen . III. IMpute not unto him the follies of his youth , nor any of the errors and miscarriages of his life , but strengthen him in his agony , let not his faith waver , nor his hope fail , nor his charity be disordered : Let none of his enemies imprint upon him any afflictive or evil phantasme ; let him die in peace , and rest in hope , and rise in glory . Amen . IIII. LOrd , we know and beleeve assuredly , that whatsoever is under thy custody , cannot be taken out of thy hands , nor by all the violences of hell robbed of thy protection : preserve the work of thy hands , rescue him from all evil , for whose sake thou didst suffer all evil : Take into the participation of thy glories him to whom thou hast given the seal of Adoption , the earnest of the inheritance of the Saints . Amen . V. LEt his portion be with Abraham , Isaac , and Iacob , with Iob and David , with the Prophets and Apostles , with Martyrs and all thy holy Saints , in the arms of Christ , in the bosome of felicity , in the Kingdom of God to eternall ages . Amen . These following prayers are fit also to be added to the foregoing offices in case there be no communion or entercourse ; but prayer . Let us Pray . O Almighty and eternall God , there is no number of thy dayes or of thy mercies , thou hast sent us into this world to serve thee and to live according to thy lawes ; but we by our sins have provoked thee to wrath , and we have planted thorns and sorrows round about our dwellings , and our life is but a span long , and yet very tedious because of the calamities that inclose us in on every side : the dayes of our pilgrimage are few and evil : we have frail and sickly bodies , violent and distempered passions , long designes and but a short stay , weak understandings , and strong enemies , abused fancies , perverse wils : O Dear God , look upon us in mercy and pity ; let not our weaknesses make us to sin against thee , nor our fear cause us to betray our duty , nor our former follies provoke thy eternall anger , nor the calamities of this world vex us into tediousnesse of spirit and impatience ; but let thy Holy Spirit lead us thorow this vally of misery with safety and peace , with holiness and religion , with spirituall comforts and joy in the Holy Ghost , that when we have served thee in our generations , we may be gathered unto our Fathers , having the testimony of a holy conscience , in the communion of the Catholike Church , in the confidence of a certain faith , and the comforts of a reasonable , religious and holy hope , and perfect charity with thee our God , and all the world ; that neither death nor life , nor Angels , nor principalities , nor powers , nor things present , nor things to come , nor height nor depth , nor any other creature may be able to separate us from the love of God which is in Christ Jesus our Lord. Amen . II. O Holy and most gracious Saviour Jesus , in whose hands the souls of all faithfull people are laid up till the day of recompence , have mercy upon the body and soul of this thy servant , and upon all thy elect people who love the Lord Jesus , and long for his coming . Lord refresh the imperfection of their condition with the aids of the Spirit of grace , and comfort , and with the visitation and guard of Angels , and supply to them all their necessities known onely unto thee ; let them dwell in peace and feel thy mercies , pitying their infirmities , and the follies of their flesh , and speedily satisfying the desires of their spirits ; and when thou shalt bring us all forth in the day of Judgement , O then shew thy self to be our Saviour Jesus , our Advocate , and our Judge . Lord then remember that thou hast for so many ages prayed for the pardon of those sins which thou art then to sentence . Let not the accusations of our consciences , nor the calumnies and aggravation of Devils , nor the effects of thy wrath presse those souls wh●ch thou lovest , which thou didst redeem , which thou doest pray for , but enable us all by the supporting hand of thy mercy to stand upright in judgement . O Lord have mercy upon us , have mercy upon us , O Lord let thy mercy lighten upon us as our trust is in thee . O Lord in thee have we trusted , let us never be confounded . Let us meet with joy , and for ever dwell with thee , feeling thy pardon , supported with thy graciousnesse , absolved by thy sentence , saved by thy mercy , that we may sing to the glory of thy Name eternall Allelujahs . Amen . Amen . Amen . Then may be added in the behalf of all that are present these ejaculations . O spare us a little that we may recover our strength , before we go hence and be no more seen . Amen . Cast us not away in the time of age , O forsake us not when strength faileth . Amen . Grant that we may never sleep in sin , or death eternall , but that we may have our part of the first resurrection , and that the second death may not prevail over us . Amen . Grant that our souls may be bound up in the bundle of life , and in the day when thou bindest up thy Jewels , remember thy servants for good and not for evil , that our souls may be numbred amongst the righteous Amen . Grant unto all sick and dying Christians , mercy and aids from heaven ; and receive the souls returning unto thee , whom thou hast redeemed with thy most precious blood . Amen . Grant unto thy servants to have faith in the Lord Jesus , a daily meditation of death , a contempt of the world , a longing desire after heaven , patience in our sorrows , comfort in our sicknesses , joy in God , a holy life and a blessed death , that our souls may rest in hope and my body may rise in glory , and both may be beatified in the communion of Saints , in the kingdom of God and the glories of the Lord Jesus . Amen . The blessing . Now the God of peace that brought again from the dead our Lord Jesus that great shepherd of the sheep thorough the blood of the everlasting covenant make you perfect in every good work , to do his will , working in you that which is pleasing in his sight , to whom be glory for ever and ever . Amen . The doxology . To the blessed and onely Potentate , the King of kings , and the Lord of Lords , who only hath immortality , dwelling in the light which no man can approach unto , whom no man hath seen nor can see , be honour and power everlasting . Amen . After the sick man is departed , the Minister if he be present , or the Major dome , or any other fit person may use the following prayers in behalf of themselves . I. ALmighty God , with whom do live the spirits of them that depart hence in the Lord , we adore thy Majesty , and submit to thy providence , and revere thy justice , and magnifie thy mercies thy infinite mercies , that it hath pleased thee to deliver this our brother out of the miseries of this sinful world . Thy counsels are secret , and thy wisdom is infinite ; with the same hand thou hast crowned him and smitten us : thou hast taken him into regions of felicity , and placed him among Saints and Angels , and left us to mourn for our sins and thy displeasure , which thou hast signified to us , by removing him from us to a better , a far better place : Lord turn thy anger into mercie , thy chastisements into vertues , thy rod into comforts , and do thou give to all his neerest relatives comforts from heaven , and a restitution of blessings equall to those which thou hast taken from them . And we humbly beseech thee of thy gracious goodnesse shortly to satisfie the longing desires of those Holy souls who pray , and wait and long for thy second coming . Accomplish thou the number of thine elect , and fill up the Mansions in heaven which are prepared for all them that love the coming of the Lord Jesus ; that we with this our Brother , and all other departed this life in the obedience and faith of the Lord Jesus , may have our perfect consummation and blisse in thy eternall glory , which never shall have ending . Grant this for Jesus Christ his sake our Lord and onely Saviour . Amen . II. O Mercifull God , Father of our Lord Jesus , who is the first fruits of the resurrection and by entring into glory hath opened the kingdom of heaven to all the beleevers , we humbly beseech thee to raise us from the death of sin to the life of righteousnesse , that being partakers of the death of Christ , and followers of his Holy life , we may be partakers of his Spirit and of his promises ; that when we shall depart this life , we may rest in his arms , and lie in his bosom , as our hope is this our brother doth . O suffer us not for any temptation of the world , or any snares of the Devil , or any pains of death to fall from thee . Lord let thy H. Spirit enable us with his grace to fight a good fight with perseverance , to finish our course with holiness , and to keep the faith with constancie unto the end ; that at the day of judgement we may stand at the right hand of the throne of God , and hear the blessed sentence of [ Come ye blessed children of my Father , receive the kingdom prepared for you from the beginning of the world ] O blessed Jesus thou art our Judge , and thou art our Advocate ; even because thou art good and gracious never suffer us to fall into the intolerable pains of hell , never to lye down in sin ; and never to have our portion in the everlasting burning . Mercy sweet Jesu : Mercy . Amen . A prayer to be said in the case of a sudden surprise by death , as by a mortal wound , or evil accidents in childebirth , when the forms and solemnities of preparation cannot be used . O Most gracious Father , Lord of heaven and earth , Judge of the living and the dead , behold thy servants running to thee for pity and mercy in behalf of our selves and this thy servant whom thou hast smitten with thy hasty rod , and a swift Angel ; if it be thy will preserve his life , that there may be place for his repentance and restitution ; O spare him a little that he may recover his strength , before he go hence and be no more seen : but if thou hast otherwise decreed , let the miracles of thy compassion , and thy wonderfull mercy supply to him the want of the usual measures of time , and the periods of repentance and the trimming of his lamp : and let the greatnesse of the calamity be accepted by thee as an instrument to procure pardon for those defects and degrees of unreadiness which may have caused this accident upon thy servant . Lord stirre up in him a great and effectual contrition that the greatnesse of the sorrow , and hatred against sin , and the zeal of his love to thee may in a short time do the work of many dayes ; and thou who regardest the heart and the measures of the minde more then the delay and the measures of time , let it be thy pleasure to rescue the soul of thy servant from all the evils he hath deserved , and all the evils that he fears , that in the glorifications of eternity and the songs which to eternal ages thy Saints and holy Angels shall sing to the honour of thy mighty Name , and invaluable mercies , it may be reckoned among thy glories , that thou hast redeemed this soul from the dangers of an eternall death , and made him partaker of the gift of God , eternall life , through Jesus Christ our Lord. Amen . If there be time , the prayers in the foregoing offices may be added according as they can be fitted to the present circumstances . SECT . VIII . A peroration concerning the contingencies , and treatings of our departed friends after death , in order to their buriall , &c. WHen we have received the last breath of our friend and closed his eyes , and composed his body for the grave , then seasonable is the counsell of the son of Syrach : Weep bitterly and make great moan , and use lamentation as he is worthy , and that a day or two , lest thou be evil spoken of ; and then comfort thy self for thy heavinesse . But take no grief to heart ; for there is no turning again , thou shal● not do him good , but hurt t●y self . Solemn and appointed mournings are good expressions of our dearnesse to the departed soul , and of his worth , and our value of him ; and it hath its praise in nature , and in manners * and publike customs ; but the praise of it is not in the Gospel , that is , it hath no direct and proper uses in religion . For if the dead did die in the Lord , then there is joy to him , and it is an ill expression of our affection and our charity to weep uncomfortably at a change that hath carried my friend to the state of a huge felicity . But if the man did perish in his folly and his sins , there is indeed cause to mourn , but no hopes of being comforted ; for he shall never return to light , or to hopes of restitution ; therefore beware lest thou also come into the same place of torment ; and let thy grief sit down and rest upon thy own turf , and weep till a flower springs from thy eyes to heal the wounds of thy spirit ; turn thy sorrow into caution , thy grief for him that is dead , to thy care for thy self who art alive , lest thou die and fall like one of the fools whose life is worse then death , and their death is the consummation of all infelicities . * The Church in her funeralls of the dead used to sing Psalms , and to give thanks for the redemption and delivery of the soul from the evils and dangers of mortality . And S. Chrysostome asks to what purpose is it that thou singest , Return unto thy rest , O my soul , &c. if thou doest not believe thy friend to be in rest ? and if thou doest , why doest thou weep impertinently and unreasonably ? Nothing but our own losse can justly be deplored ; and him that is passionate for the losse of his money or his advantages , we esteem foolish and imperfect ; and therefore have no reason to love the immoderate sorrows of those , who too earnestly mourn for their dead , when in the last resolution of the inquiry , it is their own evil and present or feared inconveniences they deplore ; the best that can be said of such a grief is , that those mourners love themselves too well . Something is to be given to custom , something to fame , to nature , and to civilities , and to the honour of the deceased friends ; for that man is esteemed to dye miserable , for whom no friend or relative sheds a tear or payes a solemn sigh . I desire to dye a dry death , but am not very desirous to have a dry funeral : some flowers sprinkled upon my grave would do well and comely ; and a soft shower to turn those flowers into a springing memory or a fair rehearsal , that I may not go forth of my doors as my servants carry the entrails of beasts . But that which is to be faulted in this particular is , when the grief is immoderate , and unreasonable ; and Paula Romana deserved to have felt the weight of S. Hieroms severe reproof , when at the death of every of her children , she almost wept her self into her grave : But it is worse yet when people by an ambitious and a pompous sorrow , and by ceremonies invented for the a ostentation of their grief fill heaven and earth with b exclamations and grow troublesome because their friend is happy , or themselves want his company . It is certainly a sad thing in nature to see a friend trembling with a palsie , or scorched with feavers , or dried up like a potsheard with immoderate heats , and rowling upon his uneasie bed without sleep which cannot be invited with c musick , or pleasant murmurs , or a decent stillnesse ; nothing but the servants of cold death , poppy and wearinesse can tempt the eyes to let their curtains down ; and then they sleep onely to tast of death , and make an essay of the shades below ; and yet we weep not here : the period and opportunity for tears we choose when our friend is fallen asleep , when he hath laid his neck upon the lap of his mother , and let his d head down to be raised up to heaven : this grief is ill placed and undecent . But many times it is worse ; and it hath been observ'd that those greater and stormy passions do so spend the whole stock of grief , that they presently admit a comfort and contrary affection , while a sorrow that is even and temperate goes on to its period with expectation and the distances of a just time . The Ephesian Woman that the souldier told of in Petronius , was the talk of all the town , and the rarest example of a dear affection to her husband ; she descended with the corps into the vault , and there being attended with her maiden resolved to weep to death , or dye with famine , or a distempered sorrow : from which resolution nor his , nor her friends , nor the reverence of the principal citizens , who used the intreaties of their charity and their power , could perswade her . But a souldier that watched seven dead bodies hanging upon trees just over against this monument , crept in , and a while stared upon the silent and comely disorders of the sorrow : and having let the wonder a while breath out at each others eyes , at last he fetched his supper and a bottle of wine with purpose to eat and drink , and still to feed himself with that sad prettinesse ; His pity and first draught of wine made him bold and curious to try if the maid would drink , who having many hours since felt her resolution faint as her wearied body , took his kindnesse , and the light returned into her eyes and danced like boyes in a festival ; and fearing lest the pertinaciousnesse of her Mistresse sorrows should cause her evil to revert , or her shame to approach , assayed whether she would endure to hear an argument to perswade her to drink and live . The violent passion had layed all her spirits in wildness and dissolution and the maid found them willing to be gathered into order , at the arrest of any new object ; being weary of the first , of which like leeches they had sucked their fill , till they fell down and burst . The weeping woman took her cordial and was not angry with her maid , and heard the souldier talk , and he was so pleased with the change , that he who first lov'd the silence of the sorrow was more in love with the musick of her returning voice , especially which himself had strung and put in tune ; and the man began to talk amorously , and the womans weak heart and head was soon possessed with a little wine , and grew gay , and talked , and fell in love , and that very night in the morning of her passion , in the grave of her husband , in the pompes of mourning , and in her funeral garments , married her new and stranger Guest . For so the wilde forragers of Lybia being spent with heat , and dissolved by the too fond kisses of the sun , do melt with their common fires , and die with faintnesse , and descend with motions slow and unable to the little brooks that descend from heaven in the wildernesse ; and when they drink they return into the vigor of a new life , & contract strange marriages ; & the Lioness is courted by a Panther , and she listens to his love , and conceives a monster that all men call unnatural , and the daughter of an equivocal passion and of a sudden refreshment : and so also i● was in the Cave at Ephesus : for by this time the souldier began to think it was fit he should return to his watch , and observe the dead bodies he had in charge ; but when he ascended from his mourning bridal chamber , he found that one of the bodies was stolne by the friends of the dead , and that he was fallen into an evil condition , because by the laws of Ephesus his body was to be fixed in the place of it . The poor man returns to his woman , cryes out bitterly , and in her presence resolves to dye to prevent his death , and in secret to prevent his shame ; but now the womans love was raging like her former sadnesse , and grew witty , and she comforted her souldier , and perswaded him to live , lest by losing him who had brought her from death and a more grievous sorrow , she should return to her old solemnities of dying and lose her honour for a dream , or the reputation of her constancy without the change and satisfaction of an enjoyed love . The man would fain have lived if it had been possible , and she found out this way for him , that he should take the body of her first husband whose funeral she had so strangely mourned , and put it upon the gallows in the place of the stolne thief ; he did so and escaped the present danger to possesse a love which might change as violently as her grief had done : But so have I seen a croud of disordered people rush violently and in heaps till their utmost border was restrained by a wall , or had spent the fury of the first fluctuation and watry progress , and by & by it returned to the contrary with the same earnestness , only because it was violent & ungoverned ; a raging passion is this croud , which when it is not under discipline and the conduct of reason , and the proportions of temperate humanity , runs passionatly the way it happens , and by and by as greedily to another side , being swayed by its own weight , and driven any whither by chance , in all its pursuits having no rule , but to do all it can , and spend it self in haste and expire with some shame and much undecency When thou hast wept a while compose the body to burial ; which that it be done gravely , decently and charitably , we have the example of all nations to engage us , and of all ages of the world to warrant : so that it is against common honesty , and publike fame and reputation not to do this office . It is good that the body be kept vailed and secret , and not exposed to curious eyes , or the dishonours wrought by the changes of death discerned and stared upon by impertinent persons . When Cyrus was dying he called his sons and friends to take their leave , to touch his hand , to see him the last time , and gave in charge , that when he had put his veil over his face , no man should uncover it ; and Epiphanius his body was rescued from inquisitive eyes by a miracle ; Let it be interred after the manner of the countrey and the laws of the place , and the dignity of the person . a For so Iacob was buried with great solemnitie , and Iosephs bones were carried into Canaan after they had been embalmed and kept four hundred years : and devout men carried S. Stephen to his burial making great lamentation over him . And Aelian tells that those who were the most excellent persons were buried in purple : b and men of an ordinary courage , and fortune , had their Graves onely trimmed with branches of Olive , and mourning flowers . But when Marc. Anthony gave the body of Brutus to his freed man to be buried honestly , he gave also his own mantle to be thrown into his funeral pile : and the magnificence of the old funeral we may see largely described by Virgil in the obsequies of Misenus , and by Homer in the funeral of Patroclus . It was noted for piety in the men of Iabesh-Gilead that they shewed kindness to their Lord Saul and buried him ; and they did it honourably . And our blessed Saviour who was temperate in his expence , and grave in all the parts of his life and death , as age and sobriety itself ; yet was pleased to admit the cost of Maries ointment upon his head and feet , because she did it against his burial ; and though she little thought it had bin so nigh , yet because he accepted it for that end , he knew he had made her apologie sufficient : by which he remarked it to be a great act of piety , and honorable to inter our friends and relatives according to the proportions of their condition , and so to give a testimony of our hopes of their resurrection . So far is piety : beyond it may be the ostentation and braging of a grief , or a designe to serve worse ends ; such was that of Herod when he made too studied and elaborate a funeral for Aristobulus whom he had murdered ; and of Regulus for his boy , at whose pile he killed dogs , nightingales , parrots , and little horses ; and such also was the expence of some of the Romans , who hating their left wealth gave order by their Testament to have huge portions of it thrown into their fires , bathing their locks which were presently to passe thorough the fire with Arabian and Egyptian liquors , and balsam of Judea . In this as in every thing else , as our piety must not passe into superstition or vain expence , so neither must the excesse be turned into parcimony and chastised by negligence and impiety to the memory of their dead . But nothing of this concerns the dead in real and effective purposes ; nor is it with care to be provided for by themselves . But it is the duty of the living . For to them it is all one whether they be carried forth upon a chariot , or a woodden bier , whether they rot in the air , or in the earth , whether they be devoured by fishes or by worms , by birds or by sepulchral dogs , by water or by fire , or by delay : when Chriton ask'd Socrates how he would be buried , he told him ; I think I shall escape from you , and that you cannot catch me ; But so much of me as you can apprehend , use it as you see cause for , and bury it ; but however do it according to the laws . There is nothing in this but opinion and the decency of fame to be served . Where it is esteemed an honour and the manner of blessed people to descend into the graves of their Fathers , there also it is reckoned as a curse to be buried in a strange land , or that the birds of the air devour them . Some Nations used to eat the bodies of their friends , and esteemed that the most honoured sepulture , but they were barbarous : the Magi never buried any but such as were torn of beasts : the Persians besmeared their dead with wax , and the Aegyptians with gummes , and with great art did condite the bodies , and laid them in charnell houses : But Cyrus the elder would none of all this , but gave command that his body should be interred , not laid in a coffin of gold or silver , but just into the earth , from whence all living creatures receive bir●h and nourishment , and whether they must return . Among Christians the honour which is valued in the behalf of the dead is that they be buried in holy ground , that is in appointed coemitaries , in places of religion , there where the field of God is sowen with the seeds of the resurrection , * that their bodies also may be among the Christians , with whom their hope and their portion is and shall be for ever . Quicquid feceris , omnia haec eodem ventura sunt . That we are sure of ; our bodies shall all be restored to our souls hereafter , and in the intervall they shall all be turned into dust , by what way soever you or your chance shall dresse them . Licinus the freed man slept in a Marble Tombe , but Cato in a little one , Pompey in none , and yet they had the best fate among the Romans , and a memory of the biggest honour . And it may happen that to want a Monument may best preserve their memories , while the succeeding ages shall by their instances remember the changes of the world , and the dishonours of death , and the equality of the dead ; and * Iames the fourth K ▪ of the Scot● obtained an Epitaph for wanting of a Tombe ; and K. Stephen is remembred with a sad story , because 400. years after his death , his bones were thrown into a river , that evil men might sell the leaden coffin . It is all one in the finall event of things . Ninus the Assyrian had a Monument erected whose height was nine furlongs , and the bredth ten ( saith Diodorus ) but Iohn the Baptist had more honor when he was humbly laid in the earth between the bodies of Abdias and Elizeus . And S. Ignatius who was buried in the bodies of Lions , and S. Polycarpe who was burned to ashes , shall have their bones , and their flesh again , with greater comfort then those violent persons who slept amongst kings having usurped their throns when they were alive , and their sepulchres when they were dead . Concerning doing honor to the dead : the consideration is not long . Anciently the friends of the dead used to make their funeral Orations and what they spake of greater commendation was pardoned upon the accounts of friendship ; but when Christianity seized upon the possession of the world , this charge was devolved upon Priests and Bishops , and they first kept the customs of the world , and adorned it with the piety of truth and of religion ; but they also so ordered it that it should not be cheap : for they made funerall Sermons onely at the death of Princes , or of such holy persons , who shall judge the Angels ; the custome descended , and in the channels mingled with the veins of earth thorow which is passed ; and now adayes men that die are commended at a price ; and the measure of their Legacy is the degree of their vertue ; but these things ought not so to be : The reward of the greatest vertue ought not to be prostitute to the doles of common persons , but preserved like Laurell and Coronets , to remark and encourage the noblest things . Persons of an ordinary life should neither be praised publikely nor reproached in private : for it is an office and charge of humanity to speak no evil of the dead , ( which I suppose is meant concerning things not publike and evident ) but then neither should our charity to them teach us to tell a lie , or to make a great flame from a heap of rushes and mushrooms , and make Orations crammed with the narrative of little observances and acts of civil , and necessary , and externall religion . But that which is most considerable , is that we should do something for the dead , something that is reall and of proper advantage . That we performe their will the lawes oblige us , and will see to it ; but that we do all those parts of personall duty which our dead left unperformed , and to which the lawes do not oblige us , is an act of great charity , and perfect kindnesse : and it may redound to the advantage of our friends also , that their debts be payed even beyond the Inventary of their moveables . Besides this , let us right their causes , and assert their honour : When Marcus Regulus had injured the memory of Herennius Senecio , Metius Carus asked him , What he had to do with his dead ? and became his advocate after death , of whose cause he was Patron when he was alive : And David added this also , that he did kindnesse to Mephibosheth for Ionathans sake , and Solomon pleaded his Fathers cause by the sword against Ioab and Shimei . And certainly it is the noblest thing in the world to do an act of kindnesse to him whom we shall never see ; but yet hath deserved it of us , and to whom we would do it if he were present ; and unlesse we do so , our charity is mercenary , and our friendships are direct merchandize , and our gifts are brokage ; but what we do to the dead , or to the living for their sakes , is gratitude and vertue for vertues sake , and the noblest portion of humanitie . And yet I remember that the most excellent Prince Cyrus in his last exhortation to his sons upon his death bed , charms them into peace and union of hearts and designes , by telling them that his soul would be still alive , and therefore fit to be revered : and accounted as awful and venerable as when he was alive ; and what we do to our dead friends is not done to persons undiscerning as a fallen tree , but to such who better attend to their relatives , and to greater purposes though in other manner , then they did here below . And therefore those wise persons who in their funeral orations made their doubt , with an [ 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , If the dead have any perception of what is done below ] which are the words of Isocrates , in the funeral encomium of Evagoras , did it upon the uncertain opinion of the souls immortality ; but made no question if they were living they did also understand what could concern them . The same words Nazianzen uses at the exequies of his sister Gorgonia , and in the former invective against Iulian ; but this was upon another reason ; even because it was uncertain what the state of separation was , and whether our dead perceive any thing of us till we shall meet in the day of judgement : If it was uncertain then , it is certain , since that time we have had no new revelation concerning it ; but it is ten to one , but when we dye we shall find the state of affairs wholly differing from all our opinions here , and that no man of sect hath guessed any thing at all of it as it is . Here I intend not to dispute , but to perswade , and therefore in the general , if it be probable that they know or feel the benefits done to them , though but by a reflex revelation from God , or some under communication from an Angel , or the s●ock of acquired notices here below , it may the rather endear us to our charities or duties to them respectively ; since our vertues use not to live upon abstractions , and Metaphysical perfections , or inducements ; but then thrive when they have materiall arguments ; such which are not too far from sense . However it be it is certain they are not dead , and though we no more see the souls of our dead friends then we did when they were alive , yet we have reason to beleeve them to know more things and better : And if our sleep be an image of death , we may also observe concerning it , that it is a state of life so separate from communications with the body , that it is one of the wayes of Oracle and prophecy , by which the soul best declares her immortality , and the noblenesse of her actions , and powers , if she could get free from the body , ( as in the state of separation ) or a clear dominion over it , ( as in the resurrection ) : To which also this consideration may be added , that men long time lived the life of sence , before they use their reason ; and till they have sumished their head with experiments and notices of many things , they cannot at all discourse of any thing ; but when they come to use their reason , all their knowledge is nothing but remembrance ; and we know by proportions , by similitudes and dissimilitudes , by relations and oppositions , by causes and effects , by comparing things with things ; all which are nothing , but operations of understanding upon the stock of former notices , of something we knew before ; nothing but remembrances ; all the heads of Topicks which are the stock of all arguments and sciences in the world are a certain demonstration of this : And he is the wisest man that remembers most , and joyns those remembrances together to the best purposes of discourse . From whence it may not be improbably gathered , that in the state of separation if there be any act of understanding , that is , if the understanding be alive , it must be relative to the notices it had in this world , and therefore the acts of it must he discourses upon all the parts and persons of their conversation and relation , excepting onely such new revelations which may be communicated to it ; concerning which we know nothing . But if by seeing Sacrates I think upon Plato , and by seeing a picture I remember a Man , and by beholding two friends I remember my own , and my friends need , ( and he is wisest that drawes most lines from the same Centre , and most discourses from the same Notices ) it cannot but be very probable to beleeve , since the separate souls understand better , if they understand at all , that from the Notices they carried from hence , and what they find there equall or unequall to those Notices , they can better discover the things of their friends then we can here by our conjectures , and craftiest imaginations : and yet many men here can guesse shrewdly at the thoughts and designes of such men with whom they discourse , or of whom they have heard , or whose characters they prudently have perceived . I have no other end in this discourse , but that we may be ingaged to do our duty to our Dead ; lest peradventure they should perceive our neglect , and be witnesses of our transient affections , and forgetfulnesse . Dead persons have religion passed upon them , and a solemn reverence ; and if we think a Ghost beholds us , it may be we may have upon us the impressions likely to be made by love , and fear , and religion . However , we are sure that God sees us , and the world sees us ; and if it be matter of duty towards our Dead , God will exact it : if it be matter of kindnesse , the world will : and as Religion is the band of that , so fame and reputation is the endearment of this . It remains , that we who are alive should so live , and by the actions of Religion attend the coming of the day of the Lord , that we neither be surprized , nor leave our duties imperfect , nor our sins uncanceld , nor our persons unreconciled , nor God unappeased : but that when we descend to our graves we may rest in the bosome of the Lord , till the mansions be prepared , where we shall sing and feast eternally . Amen . Te Deum laudamus . THE END . BEsides this Rule of Holy Dying , the Author hath in Print , 1. The Rule of Holy Living . 2. The Liberty of Prophesying . 3. Episcopacie asserted . 4 o 4. The History of the Life and Death of the ever blessed Iesus Christ. 4 o 5. An Apologie for Authorized and ●et forms of Lyturgie . 4 o 6. A Sermon Preached at Oxon. on the Anniversary of the fifth of November . 4 o 7. Together with 28. Sermons Preached at Golden grove . fol. Lately published , viz. SErmon 1.2 . Of the Spirit of Grace . Rom. 8. ver . 9.10 . Sermon 3.4 . The descending and entailed curse cut off . Exodus 20. part of the 5. verse . Sermon 5.6 . The invalidity of a late , or death-bed repentance . Ier. 13.6 . Sermon 7.8 . The deceitfulnesse of the heart . Ierem. 17.9 . Sermon 9.10.11 . The faith and patience of the Saints : Or the righteous cause oppressed . 1 Pet. 4.17 . Sermon 12.13 . The mercy of the Divine judgements ; or Gods method in curing sinners . Rom. 2.4 . Sermon 14.15 . Of groweth in grace , with its proper instruments and signes . 2 Pet. 3.18 . Sermon 16.17 . Of groweth in sin , or the severall states and degrees of sinners , with the manner how they are to be treated . Iude Epist. ver . 22 , 23. Sermon 18.19 . The foolish exchange . Matth. 16. ver . 26. Sermon 20.21.22 . The Serpent and the Dove , or a Discourse of Christian Prudence . Matth. 10. latter part of ver . 16. Sermon 23.24 . Of Christian simplicitie . Matt. 10. latter part of ver . 16. Sermon 25.26.27 . The Miracles of the Divine Mercy . Psal. 86.5 . A Funerall Sermon , Preached at the Obsequies of the right Honourable the Countesse of Carbery . 2 Sam. 14.14 . A Discourse of the Divine Institution , necessity , sacrednesse , and separation of the Office Ministeriall . Printed for Richard Royston at the Angel in Ivie-Lane . Notes, typically marginal, from the original text Notes for div A64099-e200 * Vel quia nil rectum nisi quod placuit ●ibi ducunt , Vel quia turpe putant parere mino●ibus , & quae Imberbes didicere , senes perdenda fateri . * Tenellis adhuc infantiae suae persuasionibus in senectute puerascunt Mamertus . Concil . Trid. hist lib 4. * Tertul de Monog . S. Cyprian l. 1. ep . 9 Sa. Athan q. 33. S. Cyril . myst . cat . 5. Epiphan . Haeres . 75. Aug. de haeres . c. 33. Concil . Carth. 3. c. 29 * Dii majorum umbris tenuem & sine pondere terram Spirantesque crocos & in urna perpetuum yer . Pers. Sat. 7. Otia das nobis sed qualia forat ulio● Meccenas Placco Virgilio . que m● . Notes for div A64099-e3660 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . 4 James 14. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . Nihil sibi quisquam de futuro debet promittere . Id quoque quod te●etur per 〈◊〉 anus exit , & ipsam quam premirous horam , casus inci●it . Volvitur tempus rata quidem lege , sed per obscurum Senec. Ut mortem citius venire credas , Scito jam capitis perisse partem . Navigatione longas & pererratis littoribus alienis , seros in patriam redicus proponimus militiam , & castrensium laborumtarda manu pretia , procurationes , officiorumque per officia processus , cum interim ad latus a ors est : quae q●oniam nun● quam cogitatur nisi aliena , subinde nobis ingerantur ● o●talitatis exempla , non diutius quam mi●annur haesura Senec. Quia lex eadem manet omnes Gemitum dare sorte sub una , Cognataque funera nobit Aliena in mortedolere . Prud. hymn . exequiis defunctor . Aut ubi mors non est si jugulatis aquae ? Martial . — Cur●it mortalibus aevum Nec nasci bis posse datur , fugit hora , ra●itque Tartareus terrens , ac secum ferre sub umbras Si qua animo placuere negat — Sil. Ital. l. 15. * 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . Anceps forma bonum mortalibus . ●xigui donum breve temporis Utsulgor teneris qui radiat genis Momento rapitur , nula laque non dies For● osi spolium corporis abs●ulit , Senec. Rape , congere , auser , posside , relinquendum est . Martial Annos omnes prodeg●t ut ex eo annus unus numeretur , & per mille indignitates laboravit in ●itulum sepulchri Senec. Jam eorum praebendas alii possident , & nes●io utrum de iis cogi●ant . Gerson . * — Me veterum frequens Memphis Pyramidum docet Me pressae tumulo lachryma gloriae Me projecta jacentium , passum Per populos Busta quiritium Et vilis Zephyro jocus , jactati cineres & procerum rogi Lyric . Cas l 2. od . 27. * 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Menand . 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 ; Quid sit futurum cras fuge quaerer● Et quem fo rs dicrum Cunque da● it , lucro appone . Horat. Nec Babylonios tentaris numeros Vt melius quicquid erit , pati Seu plures hyemes , seu tribuit Jupiter ultimam . Horat. Incertam frustia Mortales funeris horam Quaeritis & qua sit mors aditutura via . Po●na minor certam subito perferre ruinam , Quod timeas gravius sustinuisse diu . Catul. eleg . 1.29 Certa amictimus dum incerta potimꝰ atque hoc eve nit in labore atque indolor ut mors obrepat interim . Plaut . Pseud. Quid brevi fortes iaculemur 〈◊〉 Multa ? Jam te premet nox , Fabulae● Manes Et domus exilis Plutonia . Horat. Epist. 1● I●le enim ex futuro suspenditur , cui i●●itum est prae●●ns Senec. E●tate fruere , mobili c●●su sug●t . Senec Martial . l 2. epig. 59. Eccles 3.12 . & chap. 2.4 . * A 〈◊〉 du●n vivimus , vivamus . 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . Hoc etiam faciunt ubi discubuere , te entque Pocula saep homines , & inumbrant ora coronis Ex animo ut dicant brevis est hic ●ructus homillis , Jam fuerit neq post unquam revocare licebit Lucret lib. 3. Quis sapiens bono Confidat fragili : dum licet , utere : Tempus sed tacitum subruit : hora Se●per prae●erita deterior subit . Hippol. Bis jam consul trigesimus instat Et numerat paucos vi● tua vita dies . Aedepol proinde ut bene vivitur , diu vivitur . Plaut Trinum . Non accepimus brevem vitam , fed fecimus , nec inopes ejus , sed prodigi sumus . Senec. Sed potes , Publi , geminare magna Secula fama . Quem sui raptum gemuere ●ives Hic diu vixit . Sibi quisque famam Scribat haeredem : rapiunt avarae Caetera Lunae . Huic neque defungi visum est , nec vivere pulchrum ; Cura f●it recte vivere , sicque mori . In spe viventibus , proximum quodque tempus elabitur , subatque aviditas temporis , & miserrimus , atque miserrim● omnia efficiens , me●us mortis ..... Ex hac autem indigentia timer nascitur , & cupiditas futuri ex●dens animum . Senec. * Life of Christ , Part. 3. Disc. 14. Lib. 1. To● . 1. Panar . Sect. 6. Seneca de vita beata . c. 20. Nulla 〈◊〉 in 〈◊〉 surg●te post quam seder●t●s ; hic es ●ocus pulicu● & culicu●● . * 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Sibyll . Ora● : * Vilis adulator picto iacete , brius ostro Et qui solicitat nuptas , ad pr●mia peccat . Sola prumo●is horret facundia pannis Atque inopi lingua desertas invocat artes . Petron. Hinc & jocus apud Aristophanem in avibus ; 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . Vilis servus habet regni bona , cellaque capti Deridet sestam Romuleamque casa ● . Petron. Omnia crede ●●hi etia ●f licibu dubia sunt . Senec. Et adulterio velut sacramento adacti . facit . Plusque & iterum●ia ●enda cum Antonio mulier . 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Quem si inter mi sero ●o ●ueri mi serrimus , inter felices , ●elicissimus reperte ba●ur . ●ni sibi necpuer● unquam ferias contigisse . S●di●iosu & fo●o gravis . Notes for div A64099-e7120 Propera vivere , & singulo , die , singulas vitas puta Nihil interest inter diem & secu●lum . Si sap●s , utatis totis Coline diebu , Extremumque tibi semper adesse putes . Martial . Heu , Heu ! nos miseros , quam totus homuncio nil est Sic erimus cuncti postquam nos auseret Orcus : Ergo vivamus dum licet osse , bene . — Certe populi quos despicit Arctos Felices errore suo , quos ille timorum Maximus haud urget Lethi metus — — Inde ruendi In ferrum mens prona viris , animaeque capaces Mortis , & i navum rediturae parcerevitae Qui quotidie vitae tu●e ma num i●posuit n●n indigettempore . Senec. Insere nunc Melibaee pyros , ponc ordine vites . Ch 4. v 9 Neque e●nim Deus u●la ●e perinde atque corporis aeru ●na conciliatur . Na● . Orat. 18. Amo 6.1 Luk. ● . ●5 Mat. 5.4 Psa 1 : 6.6 . * — Sed longi poenas fortuna favoris Exigit a misero , qu●e ●anto pondere famae Res prea it adversas , fatisque prioribus urget . Lucan . l. 8 Hierocl . Ecclus. 1● . 1 . Qui levi comminatione pellitur , non opus est ut fortitudine & armis invadatur . Senec. El●ge vitam optimam , consuetudo faciet jucundissimam . Senec. Securae & quierae mentiae est in omnes vitae parte● discurrere ; occupatorum animi velut sub ●●go sunt , respicere non possunt . Seneca . Respice quid prodest praesenti● temporis aevum , Omne quod est , nihil est , praeter amare Deum . Quod expendi habui , Quod donavi habeo , Quod negavi punior , Quod servavi perdidi . Tob. 4.10 & 12.9 . Ecclus. 2.30 . Dan. 4. 1 Pet. 4.8 Isai 1.17 . * Lib. 7. cap. 13. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . Agere autem poenitentiam nihil aliud est quam pronteri & affirmare se non ulterius peccaturum . Orat 2. de poenitentia . Nunquam memmi melegisse mala morte mortuum qui libenter opera charitatis exercuit . ad Nepo . Luk. 16.9 . 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . Da dum tempus habes , tibi propria sit manus haeres ; Auferet hoc nemo quod ●abis ipse Deo. Goner in voce adamant . Quod ●aepe fieri non potest fiat diu . Senec. Nullius rei quam vivere difficilior est scientia . Professores aliarum artium vulgo multique sunt . Senec. Nunc ratio nulla est restan di nulla facultas Aeternas quoniam po●na in ●orte ti●endum . Luc●et . Virtutem videant , intabe●cantque relicta . Nilus . S. Basil. S. Chrysostomus . Ephraem Syrus . S. Martyrius . S. Eustratius Martyr . Chrysostomus . * 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . Philo. Notes for div A64099-e9190 Prima quae vitam dedit , hora carpsit . Hercul . Tur. Nascentes me● rimur sinisque ab origine pendet . Manil. Biulatu , questu , gemitu , fremitibus reso nando multum flebiles voces ●efert . Cic. sus● Conesd●ndu● es● gementi . — Flagrantior aequo Non debet dolor esse viri nec vulnere major . ●u . Sat. 13. Omnino si qu equ●m est do 〈◊〉 nihil est pro●ero 〈◊〉 , qua 〈…〉 singularium 〈◊〉 : quam 〈◊〉 con e●vare non nossis si●a io●um naturam imitans 〈…〉 . Quiaprofundenda voce omne corpus intenditur venitque plaga vehementior . Cic. Tusc Vide chap. 4. Sect. 1. Praetulerim delyrus inersque videri , Dum mea delectant mala me , vel denique fallant , Quam sapere & ●ingi . Hor. lib. 2. ep . 2. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . Vlysses apud Hom. Spectatores vociferantur , ictus tacet . Qui mediocris gladiator ingemuit ? Quis vultum mutavit unquam ? Quis non modo sterit , verum etiam decubuit turpiter ? Tusc. Qu. lib. 2. Debilona facitomanu debilem pede , coxa , lubricos quato dentes , vita dun● superest , bene est . Hanc mihi , vol acuta● , si das , sustineo crucem . Sen. ep . 101. Improbaeque Tigres indulgent patientiam flagello . Impiger & fortis virtute coacta . Cerno equidem gemina camstratos morte Philippos Thessaliaeque rogos & funera gentis Iberae . Rara est in nobilitate senectu●●●erre quam sortem patiuntur omnes nemo recusat . Tusc. l. 2. Cum faces doloris ad● moverentur . Tantum doluerunt , quantum doloribuse inseruerunt . S. Aug. Virgil. ● . 8 v. 2. Ceu rore seges viret , sic croscunt rigui tristia fletibus Urget lachryma lachrymam Fecundusquo sui se numerat dolor Quem fortuna se●el virum udo degenerem lumine viu derit . Illum saepe ferit . — Levius sic patientia quicquid corrigere est nefas . 1 Cor. 10.13 . Psal. 9.9 Mat. 7.7 Iam. ● . 13 P●al . 31.19 , 24. ●sal . 34.21 , 22. Nulla mihi nova nunc facies inopinaque surgit Omnia praecepi atque animo me●um ante revolvi . Virgil. lib. 6. Nunc festinatos nimium tibi sent●t honores Actaque lauriferae damnat Syllana juventae . Lucan . lib. 8. Ubi jam validi● quassatum est viribus aevi Corpus & obtusis ceciderunt viribus artus Claudicat ingenium , delirat lin ●aque n●ensque . Lucr. l. 3. Quatenus excidi penitus vitiu●●irae , Caetera item nequ●unt stultis haeren●ia Hor. l. 1 sat . 3. * Nolo quod cupio ●tatin tenere N●c victor a mi place ▪ pa●ata . Petron. Mors ipsa beatior inde est Quod per cruciamina lethi via panditur ardua justis & ad astra doloribus itur . Prud. hymn . in exeq . defunct . Virtutes avidae periculi . Monstrant quam non poeniteat tanto pretio aesti masse virturem . Senec. Non enim h●laritate nec lascivia , nec risu , aut joco comit● levitatis , sed saepe etia● tristes firmitate & constantia sunt beati . Cicer. de fin . l. ●● Nihil infelicius eo , cui nihil unquam contigit adversi . Non licuit illi se experiti . Senec. — Illa seges votis respondet avari Agricolae , bis quae solem , bis frigora sensit . Virgil. Georg. 1. I anguent per in●rtiam saginata , nec labore tan●um sed mole & ipso sui onere de●eiunt . Senec. Callum per injurias ducunt . Ut sit luminisatque aqu● c●elestis pa●iens latus . Modestia filiorum delectantur , vernularum licentia & canum non puerorum . Ventus ut amittit vires nisi robo●re densae O●currunt silvae spatio diffusu● inani . Lucan . Marcet sine adversario virtus . Laetius est quoti e●magno tibi constat ho●nestum . Ps. 89.33 1 Cor. 5.5 1 ●im . 1.20 . Digni erant in hoc saeculo recipere peccatum suum , ut mundiores exeant ab hac vita , mundati castigatione sibi illata per mortem com nunem , quoniam credentes erant in Christum . Origen S. Aug. l. 3. c. 1. contr . Parmen . & Cassian . colla● . 6. c. 11. 1 Cor. 11.30 . Deut. 4.5 . Haec clemencia non paratur arte Sed norunt cui serviunt leones . Silatus aut renes morbo tentantur acuto . Quaere fugam morbi . vis recte vivere ? quis non ? Si virtus hocuna potest dare , fortis omissis Hoca●e deliciis . Hor. l. 1. ep . 6. * Nec t●● men putaverant ad rem pertinere ubi in cia perent quod pl●cuerat ut sieret . Neque tam aversa unquam videbitur ab ope●e suo providentia ut debiltas inter optima inventa ●it . Detesta . bilis ●rit caecitas si nemo oculos per diderit nisi cui eruondisunt . Memineris ergo maximos dolores morte finiri , parvos habere multa intervalla requietis , mediocrium nos esse dominos . Cicero . Ecclus. 2.14 . * Montiris , juvenem tinctis Lentine , capillis Tam subito corvus qui modo cygnus eras . Non omnes fallis , scit te Proserpina canum , Personam capiti detrahet illa tuo . Mar. l. 3. ep . 43. Audet iter numeratque dies spatioq , viarum Metitur vitam , torquetur morte futur● . Hor. lib. 3. Od. 1. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . Soph. Nihil est miserius dubitatione volutantium quar●um evadan● , quantum sit illud quod resta● aut quale ? Seneca l. 17. ep . 102. — Heu quanto melius vel cede peracta Parcere Romano potuit fortuna pudori . Lucan . Haec omnia vidit in flammari , Jovis aram sanguine ●urpari . — Sic longius aevum Destruit ingentes animos & vitasuperstes ; Imperio nisi summa dies cum fine bonorum A●fluit & celeri praevertit tristia leto Dedecori est fortuna prior . Lucan . lib. 8. Mors il● melius quam tu consuluit quidem . — quisquamne secundis Tradere se fatis audet nisi morte parata . Luc. l. 8. Nimirum hac die una plus vixi mihi quam vivendum fuit . Hoc homo morte lucratur ne malum esset immortale . Naz. Nihil in malis ducamus quod fit a Diis immortalibus vel a natura parente omnium● cnstitutum . Concre tum fuit , disere tum est , rediitque unde venerat ; terra deorsum , spirtu ; sursum . Quid ex his omnibus iniquum est ? nihi . Epichar . Natura dedit u●uram vitae ta●quam pecuniae , quid est ergo quod querare si repetat cum vult ? eadem enim lege acceperas . Senec. Vitae est avidus Quisquis non vult mundo secum pe●eunte mori . Sen. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Par est moriri : neque est melius morte in malis rebus miserie . Plaut . Rud. Aut fuit , aut veniet nihil est praesentis in illa . Morsque minus poenae quam mora mortis habet . Virtutem incolu nem odimus Sublatam ex oculis quaerimus invidi Horat. Et laudas nullos nisi mortuos poetas . Mart. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Pindar . Ecclus. 41.1 . Amittenda fortitudo est aut sepeliendus dolor . Cic. Forrem polce animum mortis terrore carente ● Qui spatium vitae extremu● inter munera ponat . Hostem cum fugeret se Fan●nius ipse peremit . Mar. Beati er●mus cum corporibꝰ ●e lictis & cupiditatu● & aemu●ationum erimus expertes quodque nunc facimus , cum laxatique curis sumus , ut spectare aliquid yelimus & vi●ere . Tuscul. Qu. Mor utinam pavidos vita subducer● nolle● Sed virtus te sola ● daret — Lucan . Maneant opera interrupta , minaeque Murorum ingentes . 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . Quam pellunt lachrymae fovent sor●em : dura negant cedere mollibus . Siccas si videat genas Durae cedet hebes sors patientiae . 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Il. o. Et cum nihil imminuat doloris , cur f●ustra turpes esse volumus ? Senec. Non le vat misero , dolor virtutem verba pucas ut l●cumligna Solatium est pro honesto dura tolerare & ad causam a patientia respicit . 1 Pet. 2.19 . Heb. 11.36 . Mat. 5.11 Magis his quae patitur vexat causa patiendi . Hi quicquid biberint vomitum remetientur tristes , & bilem suam regustantes . Senec. Tantum cura potest & ars doloris desiit Caelius fingere podagram . Mart. l. 7 ep . 38. Josh. 7.12 . 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Soph. * Who so him bethost Inwardly and oft How hard it were to flit From bed unto the pit From pit unto pain That nere shall cease again He would not do one sin All the world to win . Inscript . marmori in Ecclosparoch de Feversham in agro Cantiano . Notes for div A64099-e16540 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Ipsi ceu vi Deo nullo est opus ; apud Senecam . Scaliger recte emendat ; Ipsi ceu Deo &c Ex Graeco scilicet 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . L. Cornel. legatus sub Fabio Consule vividam naturam & virilem animam servavi , quoad animam e●flavi ; & tandem disertus ope medicorum & Esculapii dei ingrati cui me voveram sodalem perpetuo futurum si fila aliquantulum optata protulisset . Vetus inscriptio in Lusitania . Nunc omnibus anxius aris Illachrimat signatque fores & pectore terget Limina ; nunc frustra vo●at exorabile nomen . Papin . l. 5. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Graeci vocant cum ●ors propter impatientiam pe●itur . Job 5.8.10 . vers . 11.16 . 17. 18. 26. Psalm 63.6 . 7 , 8. Psalm 23.3 , 4 , Psalm 27.5 . Psal. 102 v. 19 , 20 Psalm 77.1 , &c 1 Cor. 10.13 . Rom. 15.4 , 5. 1 Sam. 3.18 . 2 Cor. 12.7 , 8 , 9 Lam. 3.18 , 19 , &c. ibid. ibid. Job 14.13 . Job 2.10 . Psal. 6. Psal. 11 Psal. 16 Psal. 17 Psalm 31.9 . 27. 31. Non jam validi , radicibus haerens Pondere fixa suo . Sanctiusque ac reverentius visum de actis ●●orum credere quam scire . facit Fides tua te salvum faciet ; non exercitati● scriptururam . Fides in regula posita est ; ( scil . in symbolo quod jam recitaverat ) habet legem , & salutem de observatione legi●●t exercitatio autem in curiositate consistit , habens gloriam solam de peritiae studio : Cedat curiositas fidei ; cedat gloria saluri . Tert. de praescript . S. Augustinus vocat symbolum comprehensionem fidei vestrae atque perfectionem Cordis signaculum , & nostrae militiae● acramentum . Amb lib. 3. de veland virgin . Aug. serm . 115. Non per difficiles nos Deus ad beatam vita●n quaestiones vocat . In absoluto nobis & facili est aeternitas : ●esum suscitatum a mortuis per Deum credere & ipsum esse Dominum confiteri . S. Hilar. lib. 10. de Trinit . Haec est fides Catholica ( de symbolo suo dixit Athanasiu , velqu cuncque author est . S. Athanas . de fide Nicena , 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . Ep ad Epict. Tertul. ad Sapul . In Phoedo . Rom. 14.6 . Rom. 8.31 . &c. 1 Joh. 2.1 . 1 Tim. 1.15 . 2 Thes. 2.13 . Ibid. v. 16 , 17. 2 Thes. 3.5 . 2 Thes. 1.11 . 1 Thes. 5.9 , 10. Act. 3.23 . Isa. 2.22 Joh. 11.25 . Ibid. ver . 40. 1 Cor. 15.55 . Ibid. Desce●●li sti ad Olympia sed ne●o praeter te : coronam habes , victoriam non habes . Mitius ille perit subita qui mergitur unda ; Quam sua qui liquidis brachia lassat aquis . Ovid. Etiam innocentes mentiri cogit dolor . Ipse illigatus peste interimor textili . Lavor honesta hora & salubri quae mihi & calorem & sanguine● servet . Rigere & pallere post lavacrum mortuus possum Tertul. Apol. c. 42. Cognata faece sepulti . 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Aelian . lib. 4. var. hist. cap. 1. Vide August . lib. 50. Hom. Hom. 4. & serm . 57. de te●pore . Faustum ad Paulinum . Ep. 1. in Biblioth . pp. tom . ● . vet . ed t. Concil . Arelat . 1. c. 3. Carthag . 4. c 7.8 . — Quis luce suprema Dimisiste mea●sero non ingemit horas Sil. Ital. l. 15. Sic contra r●rum natnraemunera nota Corvus maturis frugitus ova refert . In Adrian . 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Vide life of Christ , Dise of repentance Rule of holy living chap. 4. Sect. of repentance ; and volume of Serm. serm . 5 , 6. a Ne tamen ad stygia famulus descenderet umbras Ureret implicitum cum scelerata lues Cavimus — Cogimur a suetis animum suspendere rebus , Atque ut vivamus vivere desinimus Corn. Gallus . Gnossius haec Rhadamanthus habet durissima regna Castigatque auditque dolos subigit ; fateri Quae quis apud superos furto laetatus inani Disttulit in seram commissa piacula mortem . Aened . 6. — Cineri gloria sera venit . Tu mihi quod rarum est , vivo sublime dedisti , Nomen ab exequiis quod dare fama solet . Ou pondre , ou rendre , ou les peines denfers attendre . Quid debent ●aesi a●ere u ●● rei ad paenam confugiunt ? Vera ad Deum conversio in ultim● positorum mente potius est aesti●anda quam tempore . ●el p. ep . 2. c. . vera conversio ) scil . ab insi delitate ad fidem ●hristi per Baptismum . Lamen . 3.41 . Job 7.20 . Lamen . 1.18 , 20. Lamen . 5.19 . Psalm 25.7 . Psalm . 109.21 . Psalm 143. Psalm 101.1 . Psalm 5.1 . Credebant hoc grande nefa , & morte piandum , Si juvenis vetulo non assurrexerat & si Barbato cu●cu●q puer — Iuven. Sat. 13. 1 Thes. 5.17 . Luke 18.1 . 1 Thes. 5.17 . Mark 16.16 . Luke 13.3 Acts 3.19 . Matth. 5.3 . Luke 14.10 . John 13.14 . Math. 5.5 . Colos. 3.1 , 2. Matth. 10.16 . 1 Thes. 5.8 . Rom. 8.24 . Luke 16.29 . Mark 4.44 . 1 Tim. 4.13 . Heb. 10.25 . Heb. 13.17 . Matth. 18.17 . 2 Thes. 3.6 . 2 ep . John 10. Titus 3.10 . Colos. 3.14 . 1 Tim. 1.5 . 1 Tim. 2.22 . Mark 12.30 . Matth. 6.14 . 1 John 3.16 . Matth. 18.9 . Matth. 18.15 . James 1.4 . Luke 21.19 . Heb. 12.3 . Gal. 6.9 . Ephes. 5 20. 2 Thess. 1.3 . Luke 6.32 . 2 Tim. 3.2 . 1 Thes. 5.16 . Philip. 3.1.4.4 . 1 Thes 5.19 . Ephes. 4.30 . Acts. 7.51 . Ephes. 5.33 . 1 Tim. 5.8 . Colos. 3.21 . Ephes. 6.4 . 1 Thes. 5.20 . 2 Tim. 2.24 . Matth. 18.7 . 1 Cor. 10.32 . Heb. 12.14 . 1 Cor. 6.1 . Philip. 4.8 . 2 Cor. 8.21 . 1 Thes. 5.22 . James 5.19 , 20. Matth. 10.32 . Heb. 12.4 . Matth. 5.12 . James 1.2 . Luke 22.19 . Joh. 20.30.31 . Acts 3.23 . Mark 1.1 . Luke 10.16 . Revel . 22.18 . 1 Cor. 11.16 . Jude 3. * Rom. 14.13.22 Rom. 16.17 . Mat. 23.8 , 9 , 10. 1 Pet. 5.3 . 1 John 4.1 . 1 Thes. 5.21 . 1 Cor. 9.25 . Titus 2.2 . Matth. 16.24 . Colos. 3.5 . Rom. 8.13 . Luke 6.34 . Mark 13.35 . Matth. 24.42 & 25.13 . Matth. 5.22 . Ephes. 4.26 . 1 Cor. 6.10 . Matth. 5.22 , Matth. 5.34 . James 2.1 . 1 Tim. 5.22 . 2 Tim. 4.12 . 1 Cor. 10.31 . Matth. 5.6 . Titus 3.9 . Matth. 5.44 . Rom. 12.14 . 1 Tim. 2.1 . Titus 3.14 . Ephes. 4.28 . Matth. 5.48 . 1 Pet. 3.8 . 2 Pet. 1.6 , 7. 2 Cor. 8.7 . 2 Cor. 9.5 . Ephes. 5.4 . 1 Tim. 2.9 . James 1.9 . Philip. 2.10 . Magnifica verba mors prope admota excutit Nam verae voces tum demum pectore ab imo e iciu●tur — Lucret. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Cyrus apud Xenoph. l. 8. institut . Vide Chap. 1. Sect. 4. * Lucian de luctu . Vid. reg . 6. paulo infr Herod●t . Musa . 5. Plin l. 4. c. ●1 . Xiphilin . in Severo . 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . Nicarchus . Fallax saepe fides , testataqne vota peri●un● ; Constitues tumulum si ●apis ipse tuum . Written upon a wall in S. Edmunds Church in Lumbard-street . Contra avaritiam 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . Psal. 16.2 , &c. Psal. 18.30 , 31. Ps. 22.19 . Psal. 42. Psal. 68 26. & Psal. 71. Psal. 71. ibid. Psal. 72 Psal. 116 ibid. ibid. Notes for div A64099-e23870 Exod. 20.19 . 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Xenoph . 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . lib. 8. Jam. 5.14 . James ● . 14 . Gabriel in 4 ●on● . dist . ●● . James 5.16 . Prov. 28 ●3 . 1 John ● . 9 . Matth. 3. ● . Acts 1● 18 1 Cor. 11.31 . Si ta●uerit quis percussus est & non egerit poenitentiam , nec vulnus suum fratri & magist●o voluerit confiteri , magister qui linguam habet ad curandum ●acile ei prodesse non poterit . Si enim ●rubescat aegrotus vulnus medico confiteri , quod ignorat medicina non curat S. Hiezon . ad caput 10. Eccles. Si enim hoe fecerimus & revelavorimus peccam nostra , non solum Deo , sed & his qui pof●une mederi vulneribus nostris atque peccatis , delebuntur peccata nostra . Origen hom . 17. in Lucam . a Plaut . ●●inum . mus . Tam facile & pronum est superos contemnere testes Si morta . lis idem nemo sciat . Juv. Sat. 13. Qui homo culpam admisit in se nullus est tam parvi pre●●● quin pude at , qu●n ▪ urget sese Qui homo culpam admisit in so ●ullus est tam parvi pretij quin pude at , qu'n ●urget sese Plaut . Aulul . Verum hoc se amplecti ●ur uno Hoc amat , h●claudat , matro , ●a●n nullam ego rango . Hor. Ser. l. 1. sat . 2. Apud Surium . die 27. Sept. 1 John 3.20 . 1 Cor. 4.4 . Illi mors gravis incubat q●i notus n●mis omnibus ignotus moritur sibi . Nun● si depositum non insiciatur amicus si reddat veteremou● tota aerugine sollem , Prodigiosa si les & ●huscis ●ign● libelli . Iuven. sat . 13. Gal. 6.1 . Jam. 5.15 . 1 Cor. 5.5 , 12 , 13 2 Cor. 2.6 . Homines in remissione peccatorum ministerium suum exhibe●t , non jus alic . 〈◊〉 potestatis exercent : Neque enim in suo sed in nomine Pat●i , Fihj . & Spiritu , Sancti peccata dimittuntur : ●sti rogant , divinitas donat . S. Ambr. de spir . S. l. 3. c. 19 Summum futuri judicii prae●us dicium est , si quis ita deliquerit ut a communicatione orationis & conventus & on ●is ●ancti commercii rele●etur . Tertul. pol. c. 39. Atque hoc idem innuitur per summam Apostoli censurano , in reos ma imi crimmis , sit 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , id est , excommunicatus majori excommunicatione : Don inus veniet : ●cil ad judicandum eum adquod iudiciu haec corsura colesiae est relativa , & inordine . Tum demum pena ▪ dabit ; ad qua nisi resipiscat , hic consignatur . Arelat . ●● 3. Vide 2 Cor. 2 10 & ●● Cyprian ep . 73. Caus. 6. Q. 6 & q. 7. Ca● 13. vide etiam Conc. Ancyr . c. 6 ●ure● . 2. c. 12. O sacrum convivium in quo Christus sumicur , recolitur memoria passi ni● e●us , mens impletur gratia & futurae glorie nobis pignus datur . Ita vide ut prosit illis ignosci quos ad poenam ipse Deus deduxit : quod ad me attinet non sum crudelis , sed vereor no quod remisero patiar . Tryphaena dixit apud Petro●ium . Saeviquoque & implacabiles Domini crude litatem suam impediuntsi quando penitentia fugitivos re duxit . dedititiis hostibus par●imus . * Quaecunque ergo de poenitentia jubendo dicta sunt , non ad exteriorem sed ad interiorem referenda sunt , sine qua nullus unquam Deo reconciliari poterit . Gratian. de penit , d. 1. Quis aliquando . 1. Cor. 2.3 . 1 Cor. 15.22 . Rom. 8.32 . i●e rule of holy living Chap. 4. Sect. 10. & 〈◊〉 of the life of ●esus , Par● 3. Disc. 18. Caus. 26. q. 7. ab infirmis . Matth. 9.6 . Acts 3.26 . Est modus gloriandi in consei●ntia ut noveris fidem tuam esse sinceram , spem tuam esse certam . August . Psal. 149. * Una est nobilitas , argumentumq coloris Ingenui , timidas non habuisse manus . 1 Tim. 1.15 . Ezek. 33.11 . Luke 15.7 . 1 John 2.1 . 1 Cor. 5.20 . Ezek. 18. Joel 2. James 3.2 . 1 Joh. 1.8 . Rom. 11.32 . Rom. 6.23 . Hebr. 13.5 . Vixi , p●●cavi , poenital , naturae cessi . Psalm 130. * Psalm 49. Psal. 16.15 . Heb. 13.20 . 1 Tim. 6.15 , 16. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Iliad . † . Ecolus . 38.17 . * 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 ; dixit Socrates de Ergastulario lugente . N●mo me lachrymis decoret nec funera fletu Faxit ; cur ? volito vivus per ora virum . Ennius . 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . Cyrus apud Xenop . * S. Chrysost . hom . 4. Hebr. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . Il. † . Mors op●i● a est periredum lachrimant sui●●ippol . Sen. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . a Expectavimus ●achrymas ad ostentati nem doloris paratas ut ergo ambitiosu● detonuit te it surerbum pallio caput & m●n●bus inter se usque ad articulorum str●pi um contritis , &c. Petron. b 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . c Non Siculae da● pes dulcem elaborabunt sapo●e●o non avium Citharaeque cantus so ●num reducent d — Tremulumque caput descendere jus●it In Coelum & longam manantia labra salivam . a 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . Iliad . † . b Lib. 6. variae histor . cap. 6. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . Nam quid sibi saxa cavata Quod pulchra volunt monumenta Res quid nisi creditur illis Non mortua sed data somno . Prud. hym . in exeq . defunct . — Cupit omnia ferre Prodigus & totos melior succendere census , Desertas e●osus opes ; Statius lib. 2. Silvar . Totus hic locus contemnendus est●m nobis , non negligendus in nostris . Cicero . Id cine●rem aut manes credis curare sepultos ? 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Fugientibus Trojanis minatus est Hector 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Il. ● . 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . Xenop . 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . Sit tibi terra levis mollique tegaris arena Ne tua non possinteruere ossa cane● . Mart * Nam quod requiescere corpus vacuum sine mente videmus Spacium breve restat ut alti repetat collegia sensus : Hinc maxima cura sepulchris impenditur — Prudent . hymn . in exeq . defunc . ●armoreo Licinu tuu●ulo sacet , at Cato parvo , Pompeius nullo , credi nus esse Deos. Varro Aracinus . * Fama orbem replet , mortem for occulit , at tu Desine scrutari quod tegit ossa solum . Si mihi dent animo non impar fata sepulchrum Angusta est tumulo terra Britanna meo . Ce●nit ibi maestos & mortis honore carentes . I eucaspim & Lyciae ductorem classi Orontem . Aeneid . 6. I ustravitque ●iros di , itque novissima verba . Aeneid . 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . Il. † . 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . Isoc . Plataica . — miserum in lattore Tenxi flebant & cineri ingrato suprema ferebant . Eneid . 6. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 — 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Il. † . H 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Cyrus apud Xenop . lib. 8. instit . 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Illiad . † .