Virgils Eclogues, vvith his booke De apibus, concerning the gouernment and ordering of bees, translated grammatically, and also according to the proprietie of our English tongue, so farre as grammar and the verse will well permit. Written chiefly for the good of schooles, to be vsed according to the directions in the preface to the painfull schoole maister, and more fully in the booke called Ludus literarius, or the grammar-schoole, chap. 8 Bucolica. English Virgil. 1620 Approx. 491 KB of XML-encoded text transcribed from 88 1-bit group-IV TIFF page images. Text Creation Partnership, Ann Arbor, MI ; Oxford (UK) : 2005-03 (EEBO-TCP Phase 1). A14494 STC 24818 ESTC S104679 99840412 99840412 4914 This keyboarded and encoded edition of the work described above is co-owned by the institutions providing financial support to the Early English Books Online Text Creation Partnership. This Phase I text is available for reuse, according to the terms of Creative Commons 0 1.0 Universal . The text can be copied, modified, distributed and performed, even for commercial purposes, all without asking permission. Early English books online. (EEBO-TCP ; phase 1, no. A14494) Transcribed from: (Early English Books Online ; image set 4914) Images scanned from microfilm: (Early English books, 1475-1640 ; 944:09) Virgils Eclogues, vvith his booke De apibus, concerning the gouernment and ordering of bees, translated grammatically, and also according to the proprietie of our English tongue, so farre as grammar and the verse will well permit. Written chiefly for the good of schooles, to be vsed according to the directions in the preface to the painfull schoole maister, and more fully in the booke called Ludus literarius, or the grammar-schoole, chap. 8 Bucolica. English Virgil. Brinsley, John, fl. 1581-1624. Ludus literarius. Virgil. Georgica. Book 4. English. aut [8], 166, [2] p. 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Keying and markup guidelines are available at the Text Creation Partnership web site . eng Bee culture -- Early works to 1800. 2003-10 TCP Assigned for keying and markup 2003-11 Apex CoVantage Keyed and coded from ProQuest page images 2004-11 Andrew Kuster Sampled and proofread 2004-11 Andrew Kuster Text and markup reviewed and edited 2005-01 pfs Batch review (QC) and XML conversion 〈…〉 BOOKE 〈…〉 concerning the 〈◊〉 and ordering of 〈◊〉 ▪ Translated Gramatically , and also according to the 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 of our English tongue , so farre as Grammar and the verse will well permit . Written chiefly for the good of Schooles , to be used according to the directions in the Preface to the 〈◊〉 of Schoole 〈◊〉 , and 〈◊〉 in the book called 〈◊〉 Learning or the Grammar schoole , Chap. 8. London , Printed by Richard 〈◊〉 for Thomas Man dwelling at the signe of the 〈◊〉 in 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . 16●0 . TO THE RIGHT NOBLE AND WORTHY KNIGHT SIR GEORGE HASTINGS , brother to the right Honorable the Earle of Huntingdon . SIR , BOoks haue euer sought out the fittest Patrons . Thinking seriously with my selfe , who might most iustly challenge the dedication of this labour at my hands , which I trust shall euer bring some light and comfort to our Grammar Schooles , I could finde none to haue thereunto a better title then your self . Sith God hath indeed made you a worthy light , for the sound loue and true aduancement of vertue and good learning , and that euen from your tender yeares . In as much as you ( contrary to the course of the greatest part of the flower of the Nobilitie and Gentrie of our age ) haue addicted your selfe vnto your studies , for the good ( I trust ) both of the Church and Commonwealth , in stead of following the excessiue pleasures of the time ; and haue moreouer in a singular maner manifested your affection towards them both , and towards all good learning to that end . Whenas out of that maintenance , which in regard of your high birth and noble line might seeme farre too little for your selfe ; you haue yet separated and consecrated , as your first fruites , a portion thereof vnto the Lord , towards the maintaining of sundry poore schollers in the Vniuersitie , by whom his glorie may be aduanced , and the good of his people perpetually procured . Concerning which , let me craue pardon of you ( good Sir ) and beare the blame , that ( though contrary to your minde ) I yet still desire , as I ought , that memorable loue of yours to be knowne , for the good ensample and prouoking of many others to the like : wherein one day they should finde a thousand times more comfort , doing it with vpright hearts , then in all that they shall bestow , not onely in the ouerhote pursuite of their vaine pleasures and delights , but euen in sundry other kindes , which make the fairest shew . As my selfe am euer bound in all places to acknowledge those great respects , which I iustly owe vnto your selfe and that right noble house for my selfe and mine , so I hope our God will enable vs to seek euermore to be answerable thereunto , as his Maiesty shall vouchsafe vs fit opportunities . What is wanting in vs , his goodnesse ( I trust ) will fully recompence , that you may be euer honoured , walking with him in this world , and liuing with him in blessednesse for euer in the heauens . And in this earnest desire , with my heartie prayers incessantly for you , that God may make you to increase daily in all true honour , I commend you to his heauenly grace , resting Yours euer most bounden , IOHN BRINSLEY . A plaine Direction to the painfull Schoolemaister and others , for the most profitable vse of this and the like Grammaticall translations . TO the end that all Schollers may find the seuerall benefites of these translations mentioned in my Grammar-schoole , not onely for sound vnderstanding , true construing , parsing , getting without booke , making and prouing the same Latin , speedy turning either into prose or verse , but also for growth in our English tongue together with the Latin ; and principally for causing Schollers to study of themselues , and to prepare their lectures at home , to bring them more perfectly , and keep them more surely ; and all this with very much certaintie , pleasure and ease both to maister and scholler , I finde this course most readie . 1. Cause euery one to be well acquainted with their Grammar rules , and especially to be perfect in the rule of construing , that they may euer follow that direction . 2. Because the greatest part in euery Forme are commonly of the duller sort of wits and more negligent , and also hardlier drawne to take paines at home , vnlesse they euidently see the way how they may do it with some delight ; cause some pregnant scholler of their owne Forme , or of some higher , to reade them their lecture ouernight , onely construing it ouer once or twice , and shewing them the hard words and phrases briefly . 3. Direct them either to trie first how they are able to construe of themselues , and finde out a reason of euery thing , why it must be so construed ; and after to compare and trie that which they haue done , by the translation . On else if they haue not sufficient leisure , and that they would do it speedily , or be not so well able to do it of themselues , direct them to reade ouer the translation once or twice ; first , that they may fully vnderstand the matter whereby all the construing will be made most easie , and then aduise them to examine carefully by themselues the reason of the whole construction . And so for parsing euery thing in the same order as they construe : for these two so depend one vpon another , that they cannot be separated . In a word , cause them so to studie their lectures out of the Latine books and the translation together , that they may be able with their book vnder their arme , to deliuer and pronounce the whole lecture either Latine or English alone , so also to construe and parse without booke to deliuer their lectures either in the plaine Grammar order , or more elegantly , and so to giue varietie of phrase , and whatsoeuer is obserued in the translation . 4. Be carefull that they take not ouermuch at a time , and then so many of them as are apt and painful , wil the next day at any time , within an houres space giuen them to meditate , be able to deliuer their lecture ( so as I said ) viz. pronouncing it without booke both in Latine and English ▪ construe and parse without booke , giue varietie of English phrase , and whatsoeuer can be required for the vnderstanding and knowledge of euery word . Hereby also they will be able to keepe all that they haue learned , not onely to repeate each weekes worke most perfectly vpon the friday , but also their whole quarters worke at each quarters end , if they vse to repeate it now and then , and so to keepe their authors for euery vse , far more perfectly then by any other meanes . For these Eclogues and the booke de Apibus , I haue made choise of them to translate thus , as being the most familiar of all Virgils workes , and fittest for childrens capacities : and in some of them I haue made a plaine Analysis or resolution , for the more easie and full vnderstanding thereof , as namely of the first and last Eclogues , and so of that excellent booke of the gouernment and ordering of Bees , which is able to draw the very wisest into an admiration , for their policie , and the rare workes of God apparent in them . The resolution of the rest I haue omitted , as being for the most part but heardmens talke , or the matter not so fit , and so the translation of the latter part of the sixi Eclogue . In the first Eclogue I haue giuen a litle taste of the Rhetoricke in Tropes and figures : for the rest I referre to M. Butlers Rhetoricke , M. Far●abies tropes and figures , and to R●mus Commentarie . The Eclogues being select Poemes , I would haue pronounced most exactly , as namely the 1. 3. 5. 7. &c. ( like as Tullies Paradoxes , and some choise Orations for patternes of Theames and Orations ) for that they may be most not able helps to an excellent pro●ciation , which is a principall ornament to all learning , and will bring the schollers much estimation with others , and delight in themselues . I haue onely proceeded thus farre in translating , being fully assured vpon certaine experience , that children first entred well in Grammar , and hauing gone through but those parts of the authors which I haue thus translated , will be able by Gods blessing ( if they proceed in a right order ) to take their lectures of themselues , at least with very litle assistance , in all the rest of Virgil and the higher Latin authors ; by the meanes of the worthy Commentaries and other helpes , which the Lord hath in this last age prouided aboue all former times . As for that feare of making truants by these translations , which conceit arose meerly vpon the abuse of other translations , neuer intended for this end ; I hope that happie experience in this kind , will in time driue it , and all like to it , vtterly out of schooles and out of the minds of all . Sith for my selfe , by the meanes hereof I finde the cleane contrary , in causing my schollers to giue a reason of euery thing why it must be so , and also almost double profit to that which I could otherwise . And finally for that I can hereby teach many● then I could without , and cause euery one of them which are any thing diligent and apt , to render an account of that which he learnes from quarter to quarter continually ; and all with much ease and pleasure to my selfe , delight and contention among themselues , and great contentation to their friends . Trie aright , and then giue your sentence . The comforts which my selfe haue found herein , without any of the furnised inconueniences , and the same approued and confirmed by many learned , do make me confident to desire to commend them to all . For all other obiections I haue answered thē at 〈◊〉 in my Grammar schoole . Experience , I trust , will fully satisfie all sorts in time . Though the slips in this as in the rest , be very many , the difficultie of the labour to obserue duly all the directions , both for Grāmar , proprietie , puritie and otherwise , ( as whos●euer makes triall will soone perceiue ) and also my continuall employment may pleade for me , desiring , if the Lord vouchsafe that fauour , to refine them all ; like as I hope that he who hath thus far proceeded , will for his owne glory and the good of his people , perfect the whole worke in his due time . Whereunto crauing thy loue and prayers , I 〈◊〉 thee 〈◊〉 his grace , and rest thi● , in what his goodnes shal v●chsafe vnto me ▪ I. B. THE ‖ BVCOLICKS OF PVBLIVS VIRGILIVS MARO : The first ‖ Eclogue * which is named ‖ Tityrus . ‖ THE ARGVMENT . ‖ MElibeus a sheepheard , * vnder whose name we here vnderstand any sheepheard of Mantua , * being driuen out of his bounds ‖ by an old souldier , * bewaileth ‖ his calamitie in this Eclog : * & aggrauates his miseries by comparing them with the felicitie of Tityrus his neighbour . * Tityrus contrarily , ( who represents the person of Virgil , ) being now ‖ secure , * hauing recouered his possessions , * extols Augustus ‖ the author of his quietnesse with * admirable praises euen vnto heauen . * Towards the end of the Eclogue , * it being now nere night , * he inuites Melibeus to his house * with a kind of rurall curtesie . THE FIRST ECLOGVE , which is called ( 1 ) TITYRVS . [ The speakers are ] ( 2 ) Melibeus and Tityrus . Melibeus . a TItyrus , thou * lying all along vnder the * ( 3 ) couert of * the ( 4 ) broade ( 5 ) beech tree , Doest * ‖ deuise ‖ a wood-land ( 6 ) song * vpon a slender ( 7 ) oaten pipe . b We ‖ leaue the * bounds of our countrey and [ our ] ‖ sweet ( 8 ) fields : We ‖ flie ‖ our countrey : [ but ] * thou ( Tityrus ) lying securely in the * shade , ‖ Teachest the woods ‖ to resound faire ( 9 ) Amaryl . Tit. c Oh Melibeus [ our ] ( 10 ) God hath * wrought this * peace for vs ; For ( 11 ) he shall * alwaies be my god , d a ‖ tender lambe [ fetched ] from our * foulds shall * sprinkle * ‖ his altar oftentimes . e Hee hath ‖ permitted my ( 12 ) kine * ( 13 ) to pasture freely all abroad , as thou seest , and my self to ‖ ( 14 ) play what tunes I please , with my ‖ fielden * ( 15 ) pipe . Melib. * f In truth I do not ‖ enuie [ thy felicitie , ] ‖ I admire it rather . * We [ of Mantua ] ( 16 ) are miserably molested on euery side in * al our grounds . * Lo , I my selfe being ( 17 ) feeble * do driue * my goats ( 18 ) far off , * and moreouer , Tityrus * I can scarsly ( 19 ) * drag after me this weake goate . g For she hauing * eaned euen now ( alasse ) vpon a bare flint stone , hath left ‖ twins the hope of [ my ] flocke , here amongst the thicke hazels . h I remember the ( 20 ) oakes * smitten from ( 21 ) heauen * to haue foretold vs this ‖ mischiefe oftentimes , ‖ if that our mind had not bene * besotted . i ( 23 ) Oft times * the ( 24 ) vnluckie chough foretold it from the hollow holme . k But ‖ notwithstanding Tityrus * tell vs who this god is . Tit. l Oh Melibeus ‖ I foole ‖ though [ that ] city which [ men ] call Rome , to be like to this our [ 25 ) Mātua ] whither [ we ] sheephea● ▪ * are often wont * to driue * our tender lambs . m ( 26 ) So * had I knowne ( 27 ) whelpes like * to the dams , [ and ] thus [ * had known ] ( 28 ) kids like * vnto the ( 29 ) goates : thus was I ( 30 ) wont to compare great things ‖ to small . n But * this ‖ hath lifted vp the head * so high ( 31 ) amongst [ all ] other cities ; * As the cypresse trees are wont among the * weake ‖ wilde vines . Mel. o ( 32 ) And what so great * a cause hadst thou of seeing Rome ? Tit. p ‖ Liberty : which * though it were long first , yet at length * looked backe vnto me , being altogether ‖ * vnprofitable [ before . ] q After that ( 33 ) ‖ a whiter beard fell * from me in trimming . r Notwithstanding ( 34 ) it looked backe vnto [ me ] & came ‖ after a long while . s [ But ] ‖ since that time , that Amaryllis * hath got vs , ‖ Galatea hath left [ vs : ] t * And why ( ‖ for I will confesse ) ‖ whilst Galatea held me , ( 35 ) Neither * had I any hope of freedome , nor care of mine ( 36 ) estate . u Although * many a ( 37 ) sacrifice went out of my ( 38 ) folds . And ‖ fat cheese was * made [ by me ] for that ( 39 ) vnthankfull ( 40 ) citie : Yet * my right hand returned not home loaden with ( 41 ) money at any time . Melib. x Oh ( 42 ) Amaryl , I wondered why thou * so pensiuely * calledst vpon the gods . ‖ For whom thou sufferedst [ his ] apples to hang vpon * their trees : ( 43 ) Tityrus was ‖ absent hence : oh Tityrus the very pinetrees called thee : ‖ The fountaines themselues [ did call ] thee : [ yea ] these same very ( 44 ) groues cald for thee . Tit. y What should I do ? for neither could I get out of * slauerie , Nor know ‖ the gods so present otherwhere . z Oh Melibeus , here I saw ‖ * ( 45 ) that renowned Youth , * for whom ‖ our altars smoake twise sixe dayes euery yeare . ( 46 ) Here he first gaue this answer to me * humbly petitioning : ( 47 ) Ye * seruants feede [ your ] ‖ oxen * as in former time , 48 ) * yoak [ your ] buls [ againe . ] Mel. ( 49 ) ( 50 ) ‖ O a fortunate old man ! * then ‖ shall thy * grounds remaine to thee , And ‖ large enough for thee , ‖ although a bare stone and a fennie ditch * incloseth all [ thy ] pastures with 51 the slimie bulrush . b Al. [ Yet ] ‖ * vnwonted pasturing shall not * annoy thy cattel ( 52 ) great with yong : Nor yet the * contagious diseases of [ thy ] * neighbours cattell shall hurt [ them . ] c O fortunate old man , thou * mayest catch here oft times ( 53 ) the coole aire in the shade , ‖ amongst the knowne riuers & the ( 54 ) sacred fountaines . d * On the one side the hedge which is * on thy neighbours bound , ( 54 ) being fed vpon continually by the bees of ( 55 ) ( 56 ) Hybla , * [ for ] the flower of the * * ( 57 ) sallow groue will * moue thee oftentimes * to fall asleepe with their * pleasant ( 58 ) humming noise . e * On the other side ( 59 ) the tree lopper shall sing * aloud * from the high rocke . * ( 60 ) Ney yet in the meane time the hoarse Stocke-doues * [ which are ] thy delight , Nor the turtle shall ceasse ‖ to mourne from the * ( 61 high elme . Tit. f Therefore ‖ the * swift stags shall feede first in the skie : And ( 62 ) the ‖ narrow seas * shall leaue the fishes * bare vpon the shoare . * ( 63 ) [ And also ] ( 64 ) the Parthian outlaw shall either drink of [ the riuer ] Araris , or the ( 65 ) Germaine shall drinke of [ the riuer ] ( 66 ) Tigris ; * the bounds of both of them gone round about , ‖ before * his countenance shal slide out of our breast . Mel. g But we shall go from hence , * some vnto the thirsty ( 67 ) Africanes : Part [ of vs ] shall ‖ come into ( 68 ) Scythia , and [ part ] vnto ‖ Oaxes the swift [ riuer ] of Creete : And [ we shall come ] * vnto the Britaines being diuided altogether from the whole world . h * Loe , I euer beholding my country bounds after a long time ; And ‖ seeing after * some ( 69 ) Sommers , the top of my poore cottage * thacked with turfe , ‖ being [ now ] ( 70 ) my * kingdome , ( 71 shall I admire [ it ? ] i Shall the * impious souldier haue these so well husbanded ( 72 ) grounds new broken vp ? * Shall the barbarous stranger haue these crops of corne ? ( 73 ) k ‖ Lo whither discord hath brought [ vs ] miserable citizens ! ( 74 ) See for whom we haue sowne our fields ! l O Melibeus , ( 75 ) ‖ greift pearetrees now , * plant vines . m * ( 76 ) Farewell my [ goates ] ( a ‖ happy cattell in time past : ) ( 77 ) farewell my little goates . * ‖ I lying along in a greene * valley , shall not see you hereafter ‖ to hang [ feeding ] a far off vpon the bushie rocke . n I shall sing * no moe songs : Oh my goates ye shall not ‖ crop the flourishing ( 78 ) cithise , and the ( 79 ) ‖ bitter willowes * hauing me to feede you . Tit. ‖ o Yet thou mayest ‖ rest here with me this night , ‖ * Vpon greene ( 80 ) leaues * we haue * mellow apples , * dainty chestnuts , * and good store of cheese . And now ‖ the highest tops of the villages do smoke farre off . And [ likewise ] ‖ greater shadowes fall from the high hils . THE SECOND ECLOGVE * [ CALLED ] ALEXIS . THE ARGVMENT . ‖ COrydon a sheepheard * enamored on a youth called Alexis , * omitteth nothing which may * helpe * to allure his childish mind , and ‖ to get mutuall loue . But when he * perceiueth that he doth not any thing preuaile , neither by complaints , nor by [ his ] * faire words , * nor yet by his gifts ; at length * coming to himselfe , and acknowledging his owne * folly , he determineth * to betake himselfe againe * to the discontinued care * of his priuate businesse at home : that he may ‖ shake off by his accustomed labour , the * ●kesomnesse of his ‖ vnhappie loue , which is wont for most part to * come of idlenesse . * Moreouer * by Corydon ( if we * giue credit to Donate ) we vnderstand Virgil ; * by Alexis , Alexander Pollioes . sonne , * whom he receiued of him after giuen vnto him freely . * THe sheepheard ▪ Corydon * impatiently loued ‖ faire Alexis : Being the * delight of [ his ] maister ; * but yet he could not haue that which he hoped for . Onely he came * daily among the thicke beeches * [ hauing ] shadie tops : there all alone ‖ he tossed these * rude [ meeters ] to the mountaines and woods , * with labour spent in vaine . O cruell Alexis * thou nought regardest my * songs : ‖ Thou takest no pittie of vs : * In a word , * Al. thou causest me to die . Now * euen the cattle * seeke after shades & coole places . Now * do the thorny thickets likewise hide the greene ‖ lizards . And a Thestilis * puns strong smelling hearbs [ as ] garlicke and ‖ wilde betany for the ‖ reapers wearied * in the scorching heate . Al. But the groues * do ring with me ‖ with hoarse grashoppers [ lying ] vnder the burning Sunne , whilst * I spie out ‖ thy footesteps [ on euery side . ] * Had it not bene better [ for me ] to ‖ suffer b * the heauy looks of Amaryl , ] And [ her ] proud * disdaine ? * were it not better to endure Menalcas ? Although he [ be ] ‖ blacke , and albeit thou wert * passing faire . ‖ Oh faire boy , trust not thy * beauty ouermuch ! c * White priuet flowers ‖ fall , ‖ blacke violets are gathered . Alexis , ‖ I am ‖ despised of thee , neither askest thou who I am , Al. ‖ How rich [ I am ] * in cattell white as snow , * what plenty of milke I haue . ‖ My thousand ewe lambes * pasture freely * in the mountaines of Sicily : * I want not new milke in the Sommer , not yet in the cold . ‖ I sing [ the songs ] which Amphion Dirce was wont [ to sing ] * whensoeuer he called [ his ] d heards * vpon the hill Aracinthus butting vpon the shoare . Neither am I so ‖ deformed : e I saw my selfe of late [ * as I stood ] vpon the ‖ shoare : When as the sea ‖ stood calme from winds . I will not feare ‖ Daphnis , thy selfe being iudge , if the ‖ shadow [ in the water ] do neuer ‖ deceiue . * Oh that it might but like [ thee ] ▪ [ to dwell ] with me in the countrey [ though ] base to thee , * and in [ our ] low cottages , * and to pitch downe f forked stakes . And for to driue [ my ] flocke of kids ‖ vnto g the greene * bulrushes . * [ Then ] shouldest thou imitate h Pan , * in singing with me in the woods . ‖ Pan * deuised first to ioyne together ‖ moe reedes with waxe . ‖ Pan cares for sheepe , and for the maisters of the sheepe . Neither can it repent thee ‖ to haue worne * thy lip with a reeden pipe . What did not Amyntas ‖ do , ‖ that he might know * these things ? * I haue a pipe made of seuen different reeds , which Dametas * gaue me long ago : And dying said ; * This hath thee now * the second . [ Thus ] spake Dametas ; foolish Amyntas ‖ enuied [ it . ] * [ I haue ] moreouer two kids which I found in a perillous dale , whose skins are also speckled now with white . * Each of which sucks dry two sheepes dugs euery day , * which I [ also ] keepe for thee . Thestilis * intreated lately * to haue them away from me : And * she shall , because ‖ our gifts * are so basely esteemed of thee . ‖ Oh faire boy come hither . ‖ Behold i the Nymphes bring thee ‖ lillies in full baskets : * beautifull k Nais * gathering for thee pale violets * and poppie flowers , * Tyes together the * white daffodill and the flowers of pleasant smelling * dill : Then * platting them with ‖ cassia and with other sweete hearbes , She * sets in fine order dainty violets ‖ with the yellow marigold . I my selfe will gather * apples hauing cotten coates : And chestnuts which my Amaryllis ‖ loued . * I will [ withall ] bring ‖ plums as yellow as waxe , * and this apple shall be in high esteeme . * Oh lawrels , I will plucke branches euen from you : and * thou mirtle [ which art ] next in [ sweetnesse ‖ I will likewise crop thee . ] Because ye being * so composed * do make sweete smels . Corydon thou art * a clowne , neither doth Alexis regard [ thy ] gifts . * Ney will l Iolas yeeld [ to thee ] if thou contend with gifts . * [ Alasse ] for me poore wretch ! what meant I ▪ [ for ] being * vtterly forlorrie , I haue * let in the South-wind to [ my ] flowers , and the boares into my * liquid springs . A● ‖ mad [ Alexis ] whom doest thou flie ? for euen the gods haue ‖ inhabited the woods , And m Paris descended from Dardanus . * Let Pallas delight in the towers which her selfe hath built : [ but ] let the woods ‖ please vs * aboue all [ other ] things . The ‖ sterne lionesse doth * pursue the wolfe , the wolfe himselfe [ pursues ] the goate , ‖ The wanton goate , seekes after the blooming cythisus : Oh Alexis , Corydon followeth after thee : * euery ones owne pleasure draweth him . See , the bullockes * bring [ home ] the plowes hanged * to their yoakes : And the Sun * going downe doubleth [ his ] ‖ increasing shadowes : ‖ Yet loue doth still burne me for what measure * can there be in loue ? Ah Corydon , Corydon , what madnesse hath * caught thee ? * Thou hast a vine halfe pruned * in a thicke branching elme . But * prepare thou rather at least * to make something , * whereof there is neede : * with oziers and soft bulrushes . Thou shalt find another ‖ [ companion ] if this Alexis * do thinke scorne of thee . THE THIRD ECLOGVE * [ viz. ] PALEMON . THE ARGVMENT . [ IN this Eclogue ] [ two ] sheepheards * Menalcas and Dametas do first contend by taunting one another : * by and by Palemon comming as a iudge between them , * they trie the mastery by the law of a verse ‖ sung by course : where neither [ of them ] is ouercome , but * one of them is equall to the other , by the ‖ sentence of Palemon . [ The speakers are ] Menalcas , Dametas , [ and ] Palemon . Men. * TEll me Dametas , whose a cattell are these ? * Are they Melibees ? Dam. No , * but they are Egons cattell ; Egon lately * cōmitted [ them ] to me . Men. 〈◊〉 . O b sheepe alwayes an vnfortunate cattell ! whilest ‖ he himselfe doth * woo Neera , and is afraid lest she should preferre me * before him . This fellow ‖ being another mans sheepherd , milks his sheepe twise in an houre : And both the c * flesh is plucked off * from the ewes , and the * milke [ is stolen ] from the lambes . Dam. Yet remember * that these things ought to be more sparingly obiected ‖ vnto men . We know both * who [ saw ] you , Al. [ your ] hegoates ‖ looking [ at you ] d asquint , And in what chappel ; but the * gentle Nymphs did [ onely ] smile . Men. Then I beleeue , when they saw me [ ‖ cut ] * Mycons e groue , And to * spoile his * tender yong vines with ‖ a naughtie hooke . Dam. * Or here at the old ‖ beech trees , when thou brakest ‖ the bow and arrowes of Daphnis , which thou * peeuish Menalcas * grudgedst at , euen when thou sawest them giuen to the boy : * And if thou hadst not hurt [ him ] some way , ‖ thou wouldest haue died [ with spite . ] Men. * What shall maisters doe , when ‖ theeues dare be so bold ? O * thou leud fellow , did not I see thee * steale Micons goate , * when his f wolfe-dog barkt ●pace ▪ And when * I cried out , whither now * runs the theefe ? ‖ Tityrus gather [ thy ] cattell : * thou lurked● behind the sedges . Dam. * Should not he , being ouercome ‖ in singing , restore to me [ My ] goate , ‖ which my pipe * had wonne by play ? If thou knowest not , that goate was ‖ mine , and Damon himselfe confessed it to me , but denied * that he had power to restore it me . Menal. * Thou him by play ? * or euer hadst thou a pipe [ but onely ] set together with waxe ? * Oh thou vnskilfull fellow , wast not thou wont * to lauish out [ thy ] * pitifull * musicke * vpon a creaking stubble pipe in the common crosse wayes ? Dam. * Wilt thou therefore that we make triall between our selues ‖ by course , what * each of vs can do ? ‖ * I le lay down this heifer to stake ; ( [ and ] lest peraduenture thou shouldest ‖ refuse , ) ‖ she comes twise [ a day ] to the milking paile , [ and besides ] * she brings vp two calues . * Speake thou , for what wager * thou darest play with me . Men. I dare not * lay * any thing with thee of my flocke , * For I haue a father at home , [ yea ] I haue a cruell stepmother , And both of them * ‖ do tell the cattell twise a day , * and one of them the kids . * But ( because tho● wilt needs be so lustie ) [ I will lay that which thou thy selfe shalt confesse to be * farre greater ▪ [ to wit , two ] beech● cups , ‖ the carued works of [ that ] ‖ diuine ●medon : * In which a 〈◊〉 vine flourished 〈◊〉 with a fine g caruing toole , * Doth decke the berries scattered ouer it here and there , with a pale i●uie branch . In the midst [ of them are ] two * pictures h * Conon ; and who was * th● other ? ‖ [ He ] who hath described the whole world to the nations with [ i his ] * Iacobs staffe . * ‖ The times which * the reaper [ and ] which the k crooked plowman should haue . * Neither haue I l ‖ put my lips to them as yet ▪ but reserue them layd vp safe . Dam. * The same Alcimedon hath made likewise two cups for vs , * And bordered [ them ] about the stouks with * pleasant branke vrsine . * And hath set m Orpheus in the midst , and ●he woods ‖ following him . ] Neither as yet haue I put my lips vnto them , put * reserue [ them ] layd ●p safe . [ But yet ] ‖ if thou ●ookst to [ my ] heifer , * there is no cause that ●hou shouldst ‖ praise [ thy ] cups . Men. * Thou shalt neuer [ so ] escape this day : I will come ‖ whither soeuer thou shalt call [ me : ] ‖ Let [ any ] heare these things , ‖ at least euen he that comes [ yonder , ] lo Palemon . * I will make thee that thou shalt neuer hereafter challenge any man to sing . Dam. * Go to then , if thou hast ‖ any thing , there shall be no * delay in me . Neither * feare I any man : onely , neighbour Palemon , * Weigh these things with thy best thoughts ▪ the ‖ matter is not small ▪ Pal. * Begin then ▪ seeing that we sit together * vpon the 〈◊〉 grasse : And now * all the field [ is beautifull , ] now euery tree , puts forth : Now woods * wa● greene , [ yea ] now * the year 〈◊〉 [ is ] the faire● * Begin Dametas , and then Menalcas thou shalt follow . You shall speake ‖ by [ turnes ] one after another : the n Muses loue [ songs ] * that go by turnes . Dam. ‖ The beginning of my song [ shall be ] from Iupiter : all things are * filled with Ioue . * He preserues the earth : * he respects my songs . Men. And o Apollo loueth me . * Apollos owne gifts are euermore with me , * [ both ] lawrels and the pleasant red p Hyacinthus . Dam. ‖ Galatea that ‖ wanton girle * hits me with apples [ oftentimes . ] And [ then ] * runnes ‖ to the sallow trees , * but she desireth to be seene before . Men. But my loue Amyntas offers ‖ himself to me of his owne accord : * That ‖ Diana is not now better knowne vnto our dogs . Dam. * I haue prepared gifts for my loue : for why , I * my selfe haue marked a place where the q ‖ woodculuers haue made their nests . Men. I haue sent to to the * Youth what * I could [ get ] * ten fine orenges * chosen out of a tree of the wood ; I will send other ten to morrow . Dam. Oh how oft * and what sweete speeches hath Galatea vsed to vs ! * [ Ye ] windes carrie some part [ of them ] to the eares of the Gods. Men. Amyntas , * what good doth it [ me ] that thou doest not ‖ despise me in thy * heart : * If , whilest thou * pursuest the boares in chase , ‖ I [ onely ] keepe the nets ? Dam. q Iolas * send me Phyllis , ‖ it is my r birth day : * When I shall s offer sacrifice with an heifer for my ‖ fruites , then come thou . Men. I loue Phyllis * aboue [ all ] other [ maides , ] for she wept , * ‖ that I should depart ; And said , * Oh faire Iolas , t farewell for euer , u farewell [ Iolas . ] Dam. The wolfe [ is ] a * dreadfull thing to the x foulds , * the showres to the corne [ full ] ripe ; The windes to the trees , the frowning looks of Amaryl to vs. Men. The moisture [ is ] a pleasant thing to the * [ new ] sowne fields , y the * Seruice tree to the * wained kids ; The limber ‖ willow * to the cattell great with yong : onely Amyntas [ ‖ is pleasing ] vnto me . Dam. Pollio loueth our * song , though it be [ but ] ‖ countrey like . Ye z Muses of the hill Pierius , feed a heifer ‖ for your reader . Men. * Pollio also himselfe maketh ‖ new songs : feed ye a bull , Which may * put with his horne , and * scrape abroad the sand with his feete . Dam. Pollio , he that loueth thee , let him ‖ come [ to that honour ] * whereunto he reioyceth [ that thou likewise art come . * Let him haue hony abundantly , and let the ‖ rough ‖ bramble beare him ‖ Amomus . Meuius , let him that * abhorres not Bauius , loue thy verses . * And let the same man * yoke foxes together [ for the plow ] and milke he goates . Dam. Ye * ‖ boyes that gather flowers and strawberries * creeping vpon the ground : * get ye hence , * there is a cold snake lying hid in the grasse . Men. [ * Ye sheepherds ] * suffer not [ * your ] sheepe to go too neare the riuer , it is not good to trust the banke , [ for ] euen the Ram himselfe now drieth [ his ] * fleece . Dam. Tityrus a * driue away [ thy ] grazing goates from the riuer side , * My selfe will wash [ them ] ‖ all in a [ faire ] ‖ fountaine , when time * shall serue . Men. * Lads gather [ your ] sheepe , if ‖ heate * drie vp [ their ] milke , We shall * wring [ their ] teates in vaine , as [ we did ] of late . Dam. * Alas how leane a bull haue I in such a fertile b field ! The same loue is * a spoiling to the cattel * and to their maister [ too . ] Men. * Certainly loue is not the cause * in these , * they scarcely hang together by the bones . * I wot not ‖ what eye * bewitcheth my tender lambes . Dam. c Tell [ me ] in what * countrey the ‖ space of heauen * is three elnes wide and no more , ‖ and thou shalt be [ as ] great d Apollo vnto me . Men. [ And ] tell thou [ me ] in what countrey e flowers grow , * hauing written on them the names of kings , ‖ * and thou alone take Phyllis [ for thy labour . ] Pal. No , * it is our part to end so great a strife . ‖ Both thou [ Menalcas ] art worthy of the heifer , and also he , and whosoeuer * shall either be afraide of pleasant loue , or trie the bitternesse thereof . * Lads , shut vp [ your ] * sluces now , the medowes haue drunke enough . THE FOVRTH ECLOGVE [ named ] Pollio . THE ARGVMENT . * ASinius Pollio Leader of the Germaine armie had a sonne borne the same yeare in which he won Salone a citie of Dalmatia ; which sonne he called Saloninus by the name of the citie which he had taken . a * Vnto this [ Saloninus ] the Poet in this Eclogue singeth a Genethliacum , detorting to that purpose those things which Sibyl had prophecied of the future felicitie of the golden age : yet ‖ by the way , he ‖ mixeth the praises of Pollio [ ‖ his ] father and also * of Augustus then Emperour of Rome . The Poet alone . ‖ YE b Sicilian Muses , * let vs sing of matters somewhat more ‖ high . * Groues and low * heath ‖ do not delight * all sorts . [ Notwithstanding ] if we do sing of woods , ‖ the [ very ] woods * may beseeme a Consull for to reade . c The last * age of Sibyls song * is now alreadie come . d The great order of ages * doth begin anew . e Now * euen f the virgin doth returne , Saturnes * kingdome comes againe . * Now is [ that ] new ‖ of-spring sent downe ‖ from heauen . Oh chaste g Lucina , ‖ fauour thou * the babe that 's now in birth , * by whom the iron * [ age ] shall first haue end , and the golden age * shall begin again in all the world . ‖ Thy [ brother ] h Apollo now reigneth . ‖ And thus ( oh Pollio ) * this glorie of the world ‖ shall enter in , * whilest thou art Consull , [ I say ] in thy Consulship , and i the great moneths shall begin * to take their place . * In thy reigne the * prints ‖ of our wickednesse , if any do remaine , * Being vtterly taken away , shall ‖ free the earth ‖ from perpetuall feare . * He shall ‖ receiue the life of the [ immortall ] Gods , and shall see the ‖ Nobles [ of former ages ] * mixt in company amongst the Gods , * and shall himselfe [ likewise ] be seene of them . k And he shall * gouerne the world being set in peace * by his fathers ‖ valour . l * But vnto thee [ oh child ] the earth shall send forth [ her ] first gifts without any labour , [ to wit ] * spreading ivies , with * Ladies gloues , and Egyptian beanes intermixed with * pleasant branke vrsine . * The litle goates shall returne home , * [ hauing ] their dugs strut out with milk : * the herds of cattel shall not feare the * ‖ fell Lions . * Thy very cradle shal yeeld thee pleasant flowers . * Both the serpent shall * perish , * and the deceitfull * venimous herbe shall die ; the Asfyrian vine shall grow * euery where . m * But so soone as euer thou shalt be able to reade the praises of worthy Nobles , * and the famous acts of thy father ; ‖ and to know what * valour is : n ‖ The field shall wax yellow by little and little * with tender eares of corne : * And the red grape shall hang vpon * the rough bramble : The hard oakes likewise ‖ shall sweate * hony dewes . o * Yet [ some ] few prints of ancient guile shall secretly remaine : * Which can ‖ command to trie the p Sea with * ships , * and compasse townes with walls , [ and ] * which [ will inforce ] to till the ground . * Then shall there be another q Tiphys , and another Argo too , which may carrie the chosen Nobles ; there shall be also ‖ other warres : And * valiant Achilles ‖ shall be sent againe to Troy. But * after this when thou shalt come to mans estate , * Al. The * ship-man himselfe * shall leaue the sea . * The r ship of pine-tree shall not change her merchandize ; * euery countrey shall beare all things . The ground shall not * need * harrowes , * nor the vineyard the * pruning hooke . And now the * sturdie plow man ‖ shall loose the yoakes from his buls . Neither * shall the wooll learne to counterfet diuers colours . But the Ram himselfe in the medowes * shall one while change his fleece with a sweete red s purple , another while with t a yellow saffron colour . ‖ u Sandix shall clothe the lambes feeding , of it owne accord . x * The fatall Ladies agreeing in a stable * decree of destinies , * haue spoken to their spindles [ thus : ] ‖ Runne ye out * such like times . ‖ Oh deare of spring of the Gods , oh great increase of Ioue , * enter vpon thy high renowne , * now the time will be at hand . Behold the world [ now ] * reeling with a bending weight : Both the * earth and * the sea coasts , and also the * high heauen : Behold how all things do reioyce for this [ golden ] ‖ age * to come . ‖ Oh that the last part of [ my ] life may last so long to me : * [ And ] of my breath as may suffice to record thy worthy acts . * Neither y Orpheus of Thracia shal passe me [ then ] in song : * Nor yet z Li● , although the mother of the one were by , and the father of the other . [ To wit , ‖ though ] Calliopeia [ were present ] vnto Orpheus , and faire Apollo to Linus . ‖ [ Yea though ] Pan also * should contend with me , ‖ Archadia being iudge : Yet Pan would acknowledge himself ouercome , euen Archadia being iudge . * Begin [ oh litle boy ] to know thy mother by [ thy ] smiling : ‖ [ For ] ten moneths haue brought long * wearinesse * to her . ‖ Oh litle boy ‖ begin , * at whom [ his ] parents haue not smiled , Neither God [ a Genius [ vouchsafed ] him [ his ] table , nor the Goddesse [ Iuno ] accounted [ him ] worthy of [ her ] bed . THE FIFTH ECLOGVE [ * intituled ] DAPHNIS . THE ARGVMENT . [ IN this Eclogue ] [ two ] sheepheards , Menalcas and Mopfus , * bewaile the death of their friend Daphnis : and one of them sings his ‖ Epitaph ; the other ‖ his canonization . There are * that thinke that by Daphnis , Caesar is vnderstood , who was stabbed in the Senate house with three and twentie wounds , a litle before that the Poet writ these verses . Others do take Quintilius Varus slain in Germanie with ‖ three ‖ legions [ to be here meant . ] Others * thinke it rather of Flaccus Maro Virgils brother , concerning whom there is extant that Distick so commonly vsed , but of an vncertaine author . Oh learned Maro , whilest thou doest bewaile the sorowfull destinies * of thy Flaccus vnder the name of Daphnis , thou equali●est thy brother vnto the immortall Gods. The speakers are Menalcas and Mopsus . Men. a OH Mopsus , * why sit we not downe here among the elmes ‖ mixt with hazels ? seeing we haue met together , both of vs * being skilfull , * thou to blow vp thy light pipes , [ and ] * I to sing in verse . Mop. Menalcas , * thou art mine ancient , * it is meete for me to yeeld to thee . Whether [ we * go into ] the shades being ‖ vncertaine * thorough the wauing West winds : Or rather if we enter into [ ‖ this ] caue : * See how the wilde vine hath ouerspread the caue , * with bunches of grapes dispersed here and there . Men. * Let Amyntas onely trie maisteries with thee in [ these ] our hils . Mops. * What if he * dare trie to go beyond Apollo in singing ? Men. Mopsus * begin thou first , if thou haue either any * loues of b Phillis , or the praises of c Alcon , or else the brawlings of d Codrus . Begin : Tityrus * shall ●end * thy kids , whilst that they feed . Mops. Yea rather I will trie [ to sing ] these * songs , which I wrote of late in the greene bark * of a beech , * and tuning noted them * by course . Then bid thou * Amyntas trie . Men. * As much as the ‖ limber willow * is inferiour ‖ to the pale oliue : [ And ] how much the low ‖ lauender [ giues place ] to the * red rose borders : * Amyntas in our opinion is so farre inferiour vnto thee . But * sirra , ceasse [ to adde ] moe words ; we are come vnto the caue . Mop. f The Nymphs * bewailed Daphnis * perishing * by a cruel death : * ye hazels and ye riuers [ too ] are witnesses vnto the Nymphes . When as [ his ] mother * embracing ‖ the miserable bodie of her sonne , * calls both Gods and starres ‖ cruell . Oh Daphnis , ‖ not any [ heardmen ] draue their * cattell , * hauing graz'd , vnto the * coole streames ‖ in those dayes : neither did any foure-footed beast taste of the riuer , nor touch * a chier of grasse . [ Oh worthy ] Daphnis , both the ‖ wilde mountains & the woods * report , * that euen the African Lions mourned for thy * death . g Daphnis both ‖ ordained [ first ] ‖ to tie the Armenian Tigres to the coach ; [ also he appointed ] ‖ to bring in h dances vnto Bacchus . i And * to bind about the ‖ limber speares with * pleasant leaues . k As the vine is the * honour to the trees , [ and ] as the grapes [ * are ] to the vines ; And the buls [ are ] to the * heards ; as ‖ the standing corne [ * is ] to the * fruitfull fields : [ So ] thou art all the honour ‖ vnto thine . l * Since that the fates haue taken thee away , * Pales her selfe and euen Apollo too hath left the fields : * Mischieuous darnell and ‖ barren oates * do beare the sway ‖ in the furrowes , whereto ‖ we haue ‖ committed great barley oftentimes . * For the pleasant violet , [ and ] for the purple * ‖ Narcissus , The thistle and ‖ white thorne grow ▪ vp with [ their ] sharpe pricks . m [ Yee ] sheepheards ‖ strew the ground with leaues , * make shades about the fountaines , Daphnis commands such things to be done for him . And make ‖ a tombe , * and set this verse vpon the same . * Daphnis I am , known in the woods from hence vnto the starres . A keeper [ loe ] of cattell faire , yet fairer am my selfe . Men. n Oh diuine Poet , thy verse [ is ] * so pleasant vnto vs , * As sleepe to wearie [ men ] [ lying ] in the grasse ; [ and ] as in the heate , To quench [ ones ] thirst with a * bubbling streame of sweete water . Neither doest thou match [ thy ] ‖ maister onely * in thy pipe , but also in thy voice . Oh fortuna● * lad , thou now shalt be * the next to him . * Yet notwithstanding we will tune these songs of ours to thee againe by course , ‖ in some fashion , and we will extoll thy Daphnis to the skies . We will * aduance Daphnis vnto the starres : [ for ] * Daphnis likewise loued vs. Mops. * Can any thing be dearer vnto vs then such a verse ? Both * the youth himselfe was worthy to be sung of : and ‖ Stimichon commended these verses vnto vs , al. now of late . Men. * Glorious Daphnis * wonders at the vnaccustomed * gate of * heauen , and seeth the clouds and * starres vnder his feete . Therefore * pleasure doth possesse the merrie woods , ‖ and other countries , and Pan also & the sheepheards , and ‖ those gir●es [ called ] Dryades . * The wolfe [ deuiseth ] not any hurt vnto the ‖ cattell , nor any ‖ nets intend deceit vnto the stags ; good Daphnis loueth * peace . Oh Menalcas , * the hils vnlopt lift vp their voices with ioy vnto the starres : the very rockes [ do sound out ] verses now , the groues themselues * do ring ; he [ is ] a God , a God [ he is . ] * O be thou good and * gracious to thine . Behold ‖ foure altars . * Loe ( Daphnis ) two for thee , and the [ other ] two o altars for Apollo . ‖ * I will prepare for thee euery yeare two pots ‖ foaming with new milke , and two * great cups of fat oyle . ‖ And making ‖ merry bankets , chiefly * with good store of wine , Before the fire if it shall be cold , * if hot , [ then ] in the * shade , Will powre but * a new and pleasant drinke [ euen ] * malmsey , with sacrificing cups . p Dametas and Egon * of Creete * shall sing me songs : q Alphesibeus shall imitate the dancing ‖ Satyres . r * These [ sacred rites ] * shall euer be [ performed ] to thee , both when we shall * pay our ‖ solemne vowes vnto the Nymphs , and * when we ‖ view the fields . s * Whilest the Boare [ shall loue ] the ridges of the hils , [ and ] whilest the fish shall loue the streames : * And whilest the Bees shall be fed ‖ with thyme , [ and ] the grashoppers with the dew ; [ Thy ] honour and thy name and praises shall euermore remaine . The husbandmen * shal make vowes yearely vnto thee , like as vnto Bacchus and to Ceres . And thou shalt also ‖ charge them with their vowes . Mopsus . t What [ gifts shall I bestow on ] thee ? * what can I requite ‖ for such a song ? * For neither doth the whisling of the South-wind rising , so much [ delight ] me : Nor the shores * beaten on with the waues , do please me [ so , ] * nor yet the streames which do run downe amongst the stonie ‖ valleys . Men. * We will first bestow on thee this brittle pipe : ‖ This [ pipe taught ] vs : Corydon impatiently loued faire Alexis . This same taught vs : Whose cattell [ are these ? ] * are they Melibees ? Mops. But Menalcas , take thou [ ‖ this ] sheephooke , ‖ being very faire , with * equall knots and studs of brasse , which Antigenes * could not obtaine , * though he oft requested it of mee , ‖ and [ yet ] was he then worthy to be loued . THE SIXTH ECLOGVE [ * called ] SILENVS . THE ARGVMENT . IN this Eclogue [ ‖ the Poet ] brings in Silenus drunke , ( as it well became the schoolemaister of Bacchus ) but yet ‖ singing very skilfully according to the opinion of the Epicures , ‖ concerning the beginnings of [ all ] things , and that ‖ in fauour of Quintilius Varus : * who , as Donate saith , gaue himselfe to the studie of this discipline , together with Virgil , vnder Silon the Philosopher . But because these things did not sufficiently * accord ‖ to the low straine * of a pastorall verse , * he presently at his entrance craueth pardon ; and not tarying long in that argument , forthwith passeth vnto certaine fained tales . The Poet himselfe is the onely speaker in this Eclogue . OVr [ Muse ] a Thalia vouchsafed first ‖ to play ‖ in b Syracusian verse , and blushed not * to dwell among the woods . * When as I sang of Kings and ‖ warres , * Apollo * pluckt me by the care , and warned me : Oh Tityrus * it becometh a sheepheard to fat [ his ] sheepe , [ and ] to sing a teased verse . * Now will I play a countrey tune with my slender reeden pipe : ( for Varus thou shalt haue ●now who will desire to speake of thy praises , and * to describe thy dreadfull warres . I do not sing * vnbidden things : yet if any one shall also [ reade ] these [ verses , ] if any one * enamoured with the loue [ of thee ] will reade them . Oh Varus , * our heath shall sing thy praises . Euery ‖ wood ‖ shall sing of thee : * for there is not any * writing more pleasing ‖ to Apollo , then that * which beares the name of Varus . * Yee Muses of the hill Pierius proceede . ‖ The lads Chromis and Mnasilus saw ‖ Silenus lying fast asleepe in a caue , * Hauing his veines blowne vp , * with wine the day before , as alwayes [ hee was wont . ] [ His ] garlands lay * a good way off , ‖ onely slipped * from his head , * And a great ‖ kan hanged by , hauing the eare all worne . [ * They ] setting [ on him ] ( for ‖ the old man had oft times mocked them both ‖ with hope of a song ) ‖ cast bonds vpon him [ made ] of his very garlands . Egle * adioyned her selfe [ as ] a companion , * and came to helpe these timorous youths : [ Euen ] Egle the fairest of the. * water Nymphs , ‖ and painted [ both ] the forehead and the temples of the head [ * of him ] now ‖ seeing [ her , ] with bloudie coloured mulberies . Hee laughing at [ ‖ their ] subtiltie ; to what end knit you these bands ? quoth he . ‖ Yee boyes , loose me : c it is enough * that I could be seene [ of you . ] * Chuse ye what songs you will haue , * you shall haue songs . * She shall haue another reward . * [ And ] so withall doth he begin . ‖ And then indeede you might behold both the ‖ Fawnes and wilde beasts too , * to dance in measure and in time ; then might you see the * sturdie oakes to waue their tops . * So that Parnassus rock * doth not so much reioyce in Phoebus : * Nor d Rhodope and Ismarus do so admire Orpheus . e For he sang how the f seeds * of the earth and of the aire , and also of the water , and likewise of the ‖ liquid fire , were first gathered together * thorough out the great vast space : Al. how all things [ tooke ] their beginnings of the first [ seeds , ] and how the ‖ tender globe it selfe of the round world did grow together : Then [ loe ] the earth began to harden and to separate * the Ocean sea from * Pontus , ‖ and by litle and litle to take the * shapes of things . * And also how the earth is now astonished [ to see ] ‖ the new Sunne to begin to shine . And [ how ] ‖ the showres do fall * from clouds remoued on high [ from th' earth , ] ‖ When first the woods * began * to grow vp , * and at what time the beasts wandered vp and downe throughout the vnknowne mountaines . g * After this [ he sang of ] the stones cast by Pyrrha , and of Saturnes kingdomes . * And withall he sings of the birds of the hill Caucasus and the theft of Prometheus , &c. THE SEVENTH ECLOGVE [ * called ] Meliboeus . THe Argument of this Eclogue is taken from the * Pastorals of Theocritus . And here the Poet brings in * the sheepheard Melibeus reporting * a Pastorall ▪ contention betweene Corydon and Thyrsis , whereat by chance ( as he sought a goate which had * strayed from his flocke ) * hee was present , * being called [ thereto ] by Daphnis the iudge of the * maistery : whom he * intimates to haue giuen sentence with Corydon , whenas he saith at the end of the Eclogue : * These things I remember , ‖ that Thyrsis ouercome , contended all in vaine . The speakers are Meliboeus , Corydon , Thyrsis . Mel. * DAphnis as it fell out , sate downe vnder a * whizzing holme : And both Corydon and Thyrsis * had gathered their flockes into one , * Thyrsis [ his ] sheepe , Corydon his goates bagd with milke . * Both of them flourishing in age , ‖ both Arcadians . * Also matches in singing , and prepared to answer [ one another by turnes . ] * Whilst I was fencing my tender myrtles from the cold : the goate himselfe the leader of the flocke , had strayed from me hither : * and then I spied Daphnis : * who when he saw me ouer against him , * spake quickly [ thus vnto me . ] * Come hither Melibeus , thy goate is safe , and so likewise thy kids . And if thou canst * stay any whit , rest [ with me ] vnder the * shade . * The bullockes will come hither to drinke , thorough the medowes of their owne accord . Al. Here a the greene riuer Mincius hath couered his banks with tender reeds : and the swarmes of bees ‖ resound from the holy oake . What should I do ? for neither had I Alcippe [ my wife ] nor [ my daughter ] Phillis al. at home , which might ‖ shut vp [ my lambes ] * weaned from the milke . And there was * a great match to be tried * b betweene Corydon and Thyrsis . * Yet set I mine owne serious [ businesses ] after ‖ their sport . Then ‖ both of them began * to trie with verses sung ‖ by course . The Muses wold haue [ them ] record c [ their * songs by turnes . ‖ Corydon [ rehearsed ] * these [ first , and ] Thyrsis related in order those [ that follow . ] C. O Nymphs of d Lybethris , * [ who are ] our chiefe delight , either grant vnto me [ such ] a verse as [ yee vouchsafed ] to my Codrus ; ( for he makes [ verses ] ‖ next vnto the verses of * Apollo : ) or if all of vs cannot [ make such , ] My shrill sounding pipe shall ‖ hang here vpon [ this ] ‖ sacred pine . Th. e Yee Arcadian sheepheards , ‖ adorne with ivie ‖ [ your ] Poet growing [ in his skill , ] ‖ * that Codrus guts may burst for enuie : f ‖ Or if he shall praise [ me ] * more then he would willingly , * compasse yee my browes about with ‖ Saint Iohns wort , lest [ his ] ill tongue should hurt [ me ] * now ready to be a Poet. Cor. g * Oh Diana [ thou hunting Goddesse , ] [ my ] little Mycon [ ‖ offers ] vnto thee this head of the bristly h boare , and [ these ] branched hornes i of the long liued Stag. ‖ If this [ wager ] shall be mine owne , ‖ thou shalt stand [ made ] * wholly of smooth marble k * in purple buskins . Thyrs . l Priapus , ‖ it is enough for thee to expect euery yeare a boll of milke and these cakes : thou art [ but ] the keeper ‖ of the poore orchard . * Now we haue made thee of marble ‖ for the time : * but if increase of yong shall store [ our ] flocke , ‖ [ then ] be thou all of gold . Cor. O Nymph Galatea , daughter of Nereus , sweeter to me ‖ then the thyme of Hybla [ to the bees , ] Whiter then the swans , fairer ‖ then white ivie . So soone as ‖ the buls being fed * shall returne vnto their stals , * if thou haue any care of thy Corydon [ then ] come thou . Th. Yea let me seeme to thee more bitter then m the * Sardinian herbes , * more rough to touch then ‖ butchers broome , more ‖ vile * then n wrake cast vp on shore , If that * this day be not * already longer to me then a whole yeare . O bullockes fed [ enough ; ] go home , * if you haue any shame , be gone . Cod. ‖ Oh mossie springs , * and [ thou ] O grasse o most fost to sleep [ vpon , ] ; And that greene * wilding tree , which couereth you ‖ with her thin * shade , * Keepe off p the vehement heate from the cattell : now the ‖ scorching Summer comes , now ‖ the gemmes * break forth in the * pleasant vine branch . Th. Here [ is ] an herth and q fat gummie wood , here [ is ] euer * good store of fire , and the posts blacke with continuall ‖ soote . ‖ Here care we for the * cold of the North-wind so much as either the wolfe cares for the number [ of the sheepe , ] or * the raging streames [ care for ] the bankes . Cor. Both the iuniper trees stand [ full of fruite ] and also * the rough chest-nuts [ ‖ doe abound . ] * The apples lie euery where strewed vnder their trees : * Now all things laugh : but is faire Alexis ‖ depart from these hils , ‖ [ then ] thou mayest * see the very riuers dried vp . Thyrs . The field * is parcht , * the grasse thirsteth , dying through the distemper of the aire . Bacchus ‖ hath enuied * the shades of the vine branches to the hils . [ But ] euery ‖ wood * shal waxe green [ again ▪ ] by the coming of our Phillis . * And good store of r s pleasant aire shall [ then ] descend * with comfortable showres . Cor. The poplar tree [ is ] * most pleasing to t * Hercules , * the vine to * Bacchus , The myrtle tree to * beautifull Venus , his * owne lawrell * vnto * Apollo . [ But ] Phillis loueth the hazels ; whilest Phillis shall loue them : Neither shal the myrtle tree * surpasse the hazels , * nor the lawrell of Apollo . Th. The ash tree is * the fairest in the woods , * the pine tree in the orchards . * The poplar tree * vpon the riuer bankes , the ●ir tree in the high mountaines . But oh faire Lycidas , * if thou oftener visit● me , The ash in the woods * shall stoope to thee , [ and ] the pine tree * in the orchards . Mol. * These things I remember [ well , ] and Thyrsis * ouer-matched to haue contended all in vaine . Since that time * Corydon , Corydon is for vs. THE EIGHTH ECLOGVE [ INtituled ] * Pharmaceutria , [ or the Witch or Sorceresse . ] THE ARGVMENT . THere are two parts of this Eclogue . In the * former , Damon a shepheard being * enamored with the loue of a [ certaine ] girle [ called ] Nisa ; whenas she had preferred ‖ Mopsus before him , * breakes out into diuers complaints * through impatience of loue . The latter part is almost wholly taken out of an ‖ Idyllium : of Theocritus ‖ of the same name : * wherein a certaine Witch al. endeuours * to recall the mind of her husband , of whom she was despised , vnto the loue of her selfe [ againe ] * by medicines and charmes . [ The speakers are ] the Poet , Damon , and Alphesibeus . The Poet. [ * We will record ] a song of [ two ] sheepheards , [ to wit ] of Damon and Alphesibeus ; * whom as they were trying maisteries [ in singing ] ‖ a yong heifer * much wondered at , vnmindfull * of [ her ] grasse ; * at whose song the Lynces stood amaz'd , And * the riuers being ‖ changed * stayed their courses . * We will record the song of Damon and Alphesibey . Thou ▪ [ oh ‖ great Augustus , shalt be ‖ extolled ] of me , whether ‖ thou goest beyond * the rocks of great b Timauus . Or whether ‖ thou sailest [ neare ] the coast of the * Sclauonian sea ; loe , shall there euer be That day , * when I may record thy acts ? Loe , shall there be [ that day ] * when I may * beare throughout the world , ‖ Thy verses * which alone are worthy of c Sophocles buskin ? d The beginning [ ‖ of my song hath bene ] ‖ from thee ; it shall end * of thee : accept [ my ] verses ‖ begun * at thy command , ‖ and suffer thou this e ivie to creepe about the temples of thy head , amongst the triumphant lawrell boughes . ‖ The cold shadow of the night had scarce departed * from the skie , Whenas the dew * vpon the tender grasse , is most pleasing to the cattell , Damon ‖ * leaning vpon his f long smooth oliue staffe , began thus . Dam. ‖ O Lucifer arise , and coming before the * comfortable day , ‖ bring it [ with thee , ] whilest I complaine , being deceiued ‖ with the ‖ vnworthy loue ‖ of Nisa my wife , * and still euen ‖ dying do speake vnto the Gods at my last houre , although I haue not bene any thing helped ‖ by hauing them my witnesses . * My pipe begin [ to sound ] g Menalian tunes with me . ‖ Menalus hath euermore both a shrill sounding wood , and speaking pine trees , it alwayes heares the loues of shepheards : * And Pan himselfe who first of all * endured not the reeds [ ‖ to be ] vnskilfull . My pipe ‖ begin [ to soūd ] Menaliā * tunes with me . ‖ Nisa is giuen to Mopsus . * What may not [ we ] louers i hope for ? ‖ Now k Griffins shall be ioyned [ in loue ] with horses , and in the age * succeeding , * The fearefull Deere ‖ shall come * to drinke with dogs . O Mopsus ‖ cut new l torches : * thou m marriest a wife . Thou married man * cast nuts abroad ; n the euening starre ‖ doth leaue mount o Oeta * for thy sake . My pipe * begin [ to sound ] Menalian * tunes with me . Oh [ Nisa ] * p matcht to a worthy man , whilest thou despisest all [ others . ] And whilest * thou disdain'st my pipe ; * yea whilest my silly goates , and * rough eye-brow , and also * my beardgrowne in length , ‖ [ are all scorned of thee , ] Nor yet beleeuest * that any God regards the things of mortall men . My pipe begin with me [ to sound ] Menalian * tunes . q I saw thee ‖ being a little one gathering * apples wet with dew in our hedges , with [ thy ] mother ( I was your guide . ) * I then began to be about thirteene yeares of age . I could * then ‖ touch the brittle boughes from ground . * So soone as euer I saw thee , how was I vtterly distract ? how did * that mischieuous error carry me quite away ? * Begin my pipe with me Menalian tunes . Now know I ‖ what loue is . r ‖ Ismarus , or Rhodope , or else * ‖ the Garamants who dwell in the vttermost parts of the world , * haue bred that boy * amongst the hard rockes , ‖ being neither of our kinde nor bloud . My pipe begin [ to sound ] Menalian * tunes with me . ‖ Cruell loue taught ‖ the mother * to embrue * her hands in the bloud of her [ owne ] children . ‖ Thou likewise [ wa st ] a cruell mother , Whether [ was ] the mother more cruell , or that boy more * wicked ? ‖ He [ was ] a wicked boy , and thou * likewise a cruell mother . My pipe begin with me [ to sound ] Menalian [ tunes . ] ‖ Now * let euen the wolfe flie from the sheep of his o●ne accord : let the hard oakes beare orenges ; let the alder tree flourish with Narcissus . * Let shrubs ‖ sweate fat amber from [ their ] barks : * And let owles contend [ in song ] with swans , let Tytirus [ now ] be Orpheus . ‖ [ Let him be ] Orpheus in the woods , [ and ] Arion amongst the Dolphins . My pipe begin with me [ to sound ] Menalian * tunes . * Let all things [ now ] be made maine sea ; * farewell ye woods . * ‖ I will be throwne downe ‖ headlong into the waues , from * the top of an * high mountaine . [ Nisa ] * take thou this last gift of me [ now ] ‖ dying . [ My ] pipe leaue off [ to sound ] Menalian * tunes , [ my ] pipe [ at length ] ‖ leau●ff . s ‖ Damon sung these [ songs : ] t ye Muses of Picrius [ now ] * report what Alphesibeus answered . * ‖ All of vs cannot do * euery thing . Alph. u * Bring water , and ‖ compasse these altars with a soft fillet . And also ‖ burne fat vervein , ‖ and male frankincense , ‖ That I may trie ‖ to turne away * the right wits of my husband by magicall * ceremonies . ‖ Nothing but charmes are wanting here . * My charmes bring [ ‖ Daphnis ] home from the citie , bring Daphnis [ home . ] * Charmes can euen ‖ draw downe the Moon from heauen . Circe [ the witch ] * changed the companions x y of Vlysses with [ her ] charmes . The cold snake in the medowes * is burst by charmes . My charmes bring [ Daphnis ] home from th' Citie , bring Daphnis [ home . ] First of all * I twist for thee * these t●e seluedge threeds , * being of three diuers colours , and I draw thy ‖ picture thrise ‖ about these altars : God * delighteth in an odde number . My * charmes bring [ Daphnis ] home from th' citie , bring Daphnis home . z O Amaryl knit three [ diuers ] colours * in three knots . Amaryl Al. knit [ them ] a * by and by , and say , I knit * true-loues knots . My charmes bring Daphnis ▪ home from th' citie , bring Daphnis [ home . ] b As this same ‖ clay * doth harden , and this same waxe doth soften , By one ‖ and self same fire , ‖ * so Daphnis by our loue . * c Cast meale about , and ‖ set on fire these brittle bay boughes with d ‖ brimstone . That * naughtie Daphnis ‖ burneth me ; [ I will burne ] this * lawrell bough * vpon the picture of Daphnis . My * charmes bring [ Daphnis ] home from th' citie , bring Daphnis [ home . ] * Let such a loue possesse Daphnis , ] as when a heifer being weary in seeking a bull , thorough the woods and high groues , * hauing lost her selfe , doth lie downe * neare a riuer side in the greene * sedge , * and doth not remember * to depart away because of the late night . Let such a loue possesse [ ‖ him , ] * and let me not haue any care of his reliefe . My charmes bring [ Daphnis ] home from th' citie , bring Daphnis [ home . ] That * faithlesse [ Daphnis ] * left me these garments long ago , * as deare pledges of him : ‖ which now O earth ‖ I commit to thee * at the very threshold : these pledges ‖ owne Daphnis . My charmes bring [ Daphnis ] home from th' Citie , bring Daphnis [ home . ] ‖ Meris himselfe gaue [ me ] these herbes , and these * inchanting drugs gathered * for me in Pontus : * very many of them do grow in Pontus . I haue oft times [ seen ] Meris * to become a wolfe ‖ by these , * and to hide himself in woods , [ and ] oftentimes * to raise vp e soules out of the deepest graues . And also I haue seene [ him ] * to conuey f the corne new sowne , from one field to another . My charmes bring [ Daphnis ] home from th' citie , bring Daphnis [ home . ] O Amaril , * bring ‖ the ashes forth , Al. and cast [ them ] ‖ ouer [ thy ] head * into the running streame : g * see thou looke not behind thee . ‖ I wil set vpon Daphnis * with these : * he nothing cares for Gods nor charmes . My charmes bring [ Daphnis ] home from th' citie , bring Daphnis [ home . ] See , the very ‖ ashes * haue caught hold vpon the altars with trembling flames , of their owne accord , whilst * I deferre to carry them forth : * good lucke may it be : surely I know not ‖ what it is : * and also [ our ] h dog barkes at the doore . ‖ Do we beleeue [ that he is comming ? ] or ‖ do they that loue faine dreames vnto themselues ? * Ceasse [ my charmes , ] i Daphnis comes from the Citie , ceasse now [ my ] charmes . THE NINTH ECLOGVE [ * called ] Meris . THE ARGVMENT . WHen after the victorie at ‖ Philippi , in the distribution of the lands , which were diuided by the commandement of the ‖ Triumviri , beyond the riuer ‖ Padus ▪ Virgil had likewise lost his ‖ farmes , [ he ] going to Rome , both by the fauour of his wit , and especially * by the helpe of Pollio ‖ gouernour of the country beyond Padus , receiued againe his possessions . But ‖ Arrius , to whom by chance Virgils grounds had fallen for his portion , taking that grieuously , * it wanted but a litle , but that he had bene slaine by the angrie souldier . Therefore being to go againe to Rome , he commanded [ his ] * bayliffe that he should be dutifull vnto Arrius vntill his returne , * with as little damage as he could . * He therefore goeth to Mantua , by the * appointment * ▪ of his maister to offer * some little present of kids to Arrius . Lycidas a shepherd followeth Meris , inquiring the cause of his iourney . There Meris * taking occasion , bewaileth the calamitie of those times . And then going to Mantua , they ease the wearinesse of their iourney by diuers songs . The speakers are Lycidas and Meris . Lyc. * Meris , whither goest thou ? [ Goest thou ] whither [ this ] way ‖ leades , into the citie ? Mer. * O Lycidas , we haue liued vnto this vnhappie day , ‖ that the stranger ( which we neuer feared ) being made the possessor of ‖ our little land , should say : These things are mine , ye ‖ old inhabitants ‖ pack ye hence . * Now quite ouercome , full sad ( sith fortune turnes all things vpside downe ) a we send him these kids ; * which yet we pray that he may haue no great good of . Lyc. ‖ I in very deed had heard * that your Menalcas had preserued all by his verses , * from whence the hils begin to abate their height , and to bow downewards with an easie descent , * Euen vnto the ‖ riuer and the late broken tops of the old beech tree . Mer. * Thou heardedst it , and [ in truth ] the ‖ fame was so : but O Lycidas , our verses do so much auaile ‖ amongst the b Martiall darts , * as men do vse to say that the ‖ pigeons of c Chaonia do , when as the Eagle cometh . d ‖ That vnlesse the chough sitting on my left hand had admonished me before from the hollow holme tree , to cut off new contentions by any meanes whatsoeuer I could , * Neither this thy Meris nor Menalcas himselfe had liued . Lyc. * Alacke , can so great a wickednesse fall on any man ? Alacke , Menalcas thy ‖ solaces [ had bene ] almost * pluckt away perforce from vs together with thy selfe . For , ‖ who should sing of the Nymphes ? who should * strew the ground with pleasant flowers ? or who should couer the fountaines with shade of greene trees ? * Or [ who should sing those ] * songs , which I closely stole from thee of late , When as thou wentest to Amaril our ‖ delight ? ‖ O Tityrus feed * my goates till I returne , ( the way is short , ) * And likewise Tityrus * driue them to the water when they haue fed well : and as thou driuest them , Take heed * of meeting the maister goate , ‖ he striketh with his horne . Meris . Yea [ who should sing ] these [ songs ] ‖ which he did sing * of Varus , * not perfected as yet ? Varus , the singing swans shall beare thy name aloft vnto the starres , so that [ our citie ] Mantua may remaine ‖ to vs. Al. e O Mantua , too neare ( alas ) to miserable Cremon . Lyc. So let thy swarms of bees ‖ flie from * the yeughs of f Cyrne . So let thy kine full fed ‖ with g Cithyse , * strut out their teates . ‖ Begin , if thou haue any thing ; [ for ] * the Muses of Pierius * haue made me a Poet too : * Both I haue verses , and the sheepheards call me * a Poet ; * but I giue no credit to them . For neither do I seeme as yet * to sing any songs worthy the reading of Varus or Cinna , but to gaggle as a goose amongst sweete singing swans . Meris . * I do so indeed : and Lycidas , * I secretly ‖ thinke of it with my selfe : * If I could remember it : neither is it * any base song . * Come hither Galatea ; ‖ for , ‖ what sport is [ here ] in the waues ? Here is ‖ the purple Spring : * the ground ‖ doth here affoord sundrie sorts of flowers round about the riuers : here ‖ the white poplar hangs ouer a caue , and limber vines * make shade● . Come hither , * and let the * raging waues dash against the shores . Lyc. What [ sayest thou of those songs , ] ‖ which I heard thee singing all alone in a faire cleare euening ? I remember * the t●ne , if I could call to mind ‖ the words . Meris . h O Daphnis , why doest thou * behold the ancient risings of the i * staires ? Loe , * the signe * k of Dioneus Caesar * is come abroad . l The signe in which the standing corne * reioyce in [ their ripe ] fruites , and wherein * the grape gathers her colour in the * sunnie hils . Daphnis ‖ graft thou peare-trees , [ ‖ thy ] nephewes * shall gather thy fruite . Age m ‖ taketh away all things , * euen the verie vnderstanding and memorie : * I do remember [ that I haue bene wont ] when I was a boy , oft times n to spend long o dayes in singing . * Now p I haue forgot [ those ] so many * songs : * and euen voice it selfe doth now faile Meris : q the wolfes haue spied Meris * first . But yet Menalcas shall oft enough ‖ rehearse to thee these [ songs . ] Lyc. * Thou increasest our longing , by making excuses ; * And now euery sea being calme , keepes silence for thy cause : * Yea ( see ) [ how ] all the blasts * of th' stormie winds haue fallen . * Moreouer , from hence we haue but halfe the way to go : for why , * ‖ Byanors tombe begins t' appeare . * Here where the husbandmen do coard thick boughes , here Meris let vs sing . Here lay downe [ ‖ thy ] kids , yet we shall come [ ‖ betime ] into the citie . Or if we be afraid , ‖ lest it proue rainie towards night , We may go singing * all along , ‖ the way will hurt [ vs ] lesse . That we may go singing , I will ease thee of this * burden . Meris . * O lad leaue off to vrge me any more ; and now ‖ let vs do that * which we haue in hand . * We shall sing better then , when ‖ he himselfe shall come . THE TENTH ECLOGVE [ intituled ] Gallus . THE ARGVMENT . COrnelius Gallus was * an excellent Poet , and the first ‖ gouernour of Egypt , who when as ‖ he * out of measure affected an harlot called Cytheris , * late seruant of Volumnius , whom the Poet here calls Lycoris : * and she answered not [ his ] mutuall loue , * but despising him followed Anthonie into France ; * is thought to haue taken that repulse most grieuously . ‖ Therefore Virgil comforts him in this Eclogue , but yet so , as that he doth not depart from pastorall persons and ‖ rusticall comparisons . * All this argument likewise is almost taken out of ‖ Thyrsis of Theocritus , where he ‖ prosecutes the like loue of Daphnis . In this Eclogue the Poet himselfe is the onely speaker , though he after seeme to bring in Gallus comforting himselfe that the Arcadians should sing of his loues . a * ONymph of the fountaine ‖ Arethuse , grant me this last labour . * I am to vtter a few verses to my Gallus , but which Lycoris her selfe may reade . Can any one denie verses vnto Gellus ? 1 * ‖ So let not bitter 2 Doris intermixe her streames with thee , when thou shalt runne vnder the 3 Sicanian waues . b * Begin , let vs record the carefull loues of Gallus . Whilst that the little flat noz'd goates ‖ doe crop the tender sprigs . We sing not to the deafe , the woods * do answer euery thing . c * O Naiades , yee Nymphs , what ‖ woods or what ‖ launds * held you , when Gallus perished ‖ by vnworthy loue ? * For neither any tops of 4 Parnassus , nor yet of 5 Pindus stayed you , no nor 6 Aganippe [ the fountaine ] of Aonia . d * Yea the very lawrell trees [ bewailed ] him , and euen the low shrubs wept for [ him . ] * And in like manner mount Menalus full of pine trees [ made moane for ] him , lying vnder ‖ a louely rocke , yea and the ‖ stones of cold ‖ Lycaeus [ * bemoaned ] him . The sheepe likewise stand round about ; * they are not ashamed of vs. * Ne yet oh diuine Poet , * be thou ashamed of cattell . * For euen that faire ‖ Adonis ‖ grazed sheepe by the riuers sides . There came also * 7 the sheepheards , the slow ‖ Al. neat-heards [ likewise ] came . [ * And ] Menalcas wringing wet , came from gathering Winter acornes ; ‖ All ask , from whence this loue [ should be ? ] e [ and euen ] Apollo came to thee : * Gallus , why art thou mad , quoth he ? * Thy loue Lycoris Follows another [ man ] both ‖ through the snow and through * the dreadfull campes . Syluanus also came ‖ with the country honor of [ his ] head , ‖ Shaking flourishing ‖ ferule branches , and * faire lillies [ in his hand . Pan the God of Arcadia came [ withal , ] whom we our selues saw * [ Coloured ] red , with bloud-red berries of the ebull tree , and with ‖ vermilion . * And will there be no measure , quoth he , [ of this thy heauinesse ? ] ‖ Loue regards not any such things . Neither [ is ] cruell loue [ ‖ satiate ] with teares , * nor grasse * with water streames ; Nor yet the bees are ‖ satisfied * with Cythise flowers , * nor litle goates * with tender sprigs of trees . f * But yet , quoth he , [ though ] very pensiue ▪ ye Arcadians shall sing these [ songs ] in your mountaines ; yee Arcadians [ I say ] * being the onely cunning musitians ; oh how sweetly shall my bones rest then , if that your ‖ pipe ‖ may record my loues * in future times ? ‖ And I do wish I had bene one of you , and either * a tender of your flocke , or * a gatherer of [ your ] ripe grapes . * Certainly whether Phillis were my loue , or else Amyntas , or any furie whasoeuer : ( what then , though Amyntas be blacke ? Both violets are black , and * hurtle berries too [ are ] blacke . ) ‖ He [ yet ] should lie downe with me amongst the willowes , vnder the limber vine . * Phillis should gather me garlands , Amyntas should sing [ me songs . ] * Here , O Lycoris , [ are ] * coole springs ; ‖ here are * pleasant medowes : here [ is ] * a groue : here * I could wish to spend [ euen ] all my dayes with thee . g Now * raging loue * keepes me * in armes of warlicke Mars , amongst the midst of weapons * and enemies bent against [ vs. ] * Thou ( oh hard and vnkind loue ) being farre off from thy countrey ( * which I wish that I could not beleeue ) [ and ] alone without me doest onely see * the Alpine snowes , and the cold of the riuer Rhene . ‖ Ah , let not the cold hurt thee ! * Ah , let not the sharpe ice cut thy tender feete ! h * I will be gone , and will tune * with ‖ a Sicilian pipe , * songs which I haue made ‖ in Calcidian verse . * I am determined rather to endure [ any miserie ] in the woods amongst the dens of wilde beasts , and * to write my loues in tender trees : the [ trees ] will grow , [ and so ye my ] loues shall grow . * In the meane time I wil view the mountaine Menalus , where the Nymphs frequent . Or I will hunt * the fierce wilde boares : * no colds shall hinder me to range about the ‖ Parthenian launds with dogs . ‖ Now I seeme vnto my selfe to go ‖ by th' rockes and sounding groues ; * I take delight to shoote 8 Cydonian arrows with a 9 Parthian bow ; as if this were the medicine of our raging loue . Or else that ‖ that God may learne * to become more gentle by th' mishaps of men . i * [ But ] now againe neither ‖ those Nymphs of the woods , no nor our ‖ verses themselues do giue vs any content : yee very woods * giue place againe . ‖ Our labours cannot change * that God of loue . Neither * if we should both drinke vp the riuer ‖ Heber * in the midst of Winter . * And should vndergo ‖ the Al. Scythian snowes of the watery Winter [ season . ] * No nor yet if we should tend the sheepe of the Blackamoores , when the Sun is in Cancer ; ‖ whenas the barke dying , parcheth in the high elme . Loue ouercometh ‖ all things , ‖ and [ therefore ] let vs [ likewise ] yeeld to loue . k Oh ‖ ye Goddesses , ‖ it shall [ now ] be enough for your Poet to haue sung these [ sonnets . ] * Whilst he sits still , and makes a little basket of small limber twigs . Oh Muses of ‖ Pierius , ye shall make these [ my ] * chiefest [ songs ] [ most acceptable ] vnto Gallus . l To Gallus [ I say ] * whose loue growes so much in mee euerie houre , * As the greene alder tree spreads it selfe abroad in the prime of the Spring . m Let vs arise : the shade is wont to be * noisome vnto them that sing ; The shadow of the iuniper tree is ‖ grieuous : shadowes [ of trees ] do hurt * euen the verie fruites . n [ Oh ye my little goates ] * full fed , go home , * the euening comes , * get you gone [ my ] goates . THE FOVRTH BOOKE OF VIRGILS * Georgicks . THE ARGVMENT . THe * Poet in this fourth booke doth prosecute most fully the ordering of Bees , and the manner of making hony ; which part was the last in the generall proposition of the whole worke . And whereas ‖ this argument * was of so small an extent , that it might be * contained within a few verses , 〈◊〉 ‖ dilates it by diuers ‖ digressions , an● amplifies and adornes it by most pleasant ‖ translations . For he assignes euen to the Bees their certaine Commonwealth , giuing vnto them Kings , campes , * Princes , courts , Cities , people , offices , * exercises , and manners ; and that with so great fitnesse , that he no where * departs from his purpose , as * forgetting * his borrowed speeches [ and comparisons . ] * This booke may also be * diuided into two parts : * fo● in the former part of it , he prosecutes ▪ the care of defending and preseruing Bees : * in the latter he sets downe the way by which Bees may be repaired againe when they shall be * vtterly dead and gone . He makes one Aristaeus a sheepheard the author of this inuention ; * who is thought to haue first repaired his Bees being lost , * by certaine yokes of oxen which he had killed [ to that end . ] Another Argument of Herennius Modestinus * a Lawyer . THe Poet shewes * next after , the fragrant kingdomes * of hony distilling from the aire : * Moreouer the Hyblean Bees , & ‖ the waxen houses of their hiues . And withall what flowers [ are to be * made choise of ] for Bees , and also ‖ what swarmes are to be chosen . And finally * [ he shewes ] the dropping hony combes , Gods heauenly gifts . a * I Will foorthwith dispatch ‖ the heauenly * gifts of hony distilling from the aire : oh [ worthy ] Maecenas , ‖ * looke on this part likewise . * I will declare vnto you * admirable sights of things [ so ] light ; both the ‖ couragious Captains , * and also the manners , * studies , people , and * skirmishes of [ that ] whole nation [ of the Bees ] ‖ in order . The labour ‖ is in a small [ matter , ] but the glorie is not small , if [ I those ] * aduerse powers * will suffer any [ man ] [ to prosper , ] and [ if ] Apollo being called vpon , * will heare . b * First of all a seate and standing is to be sought out for the Bees ; * whereto there neither can be ‖ entrance for the windes : ( for why , the windes * doe hinder [ them ] to carrie home their * sustenance ; ) Nor yet the sheepe nor wanton kids ‖ can often leape vpō the flowers , ‖ or the heifer pasturing in the fields , Can strike downe the dew , and waste the rising herbes . * And let the speckled newts [ hauing ] ‖ vgly backes , be farre away ‖ From [ their ] fat stals , and also * the bee-eaters and other birds : And [ specially ] * the swallow * markt on the breast with bloudie hands . * For they spoile all farre about , and carrie in their mouthes the flying [ bees ] a pleasant meate vnto their ‖ pittilesse nests . But let there be cleare springs and standing ponds greene with ‖ mosse , and ‖ a little * brook running through the grasse . ‖ And let the palme-tree ouershade * the entrance [ of their hiues , ] or the ‖ huge wilde oliue : That when the new kings shall leade [ forth ] their first swarmes : * In their owne spring time , and [ their ] * youth sent out from their hony combes shall sport [ abroad , ] * The banke neareby may inuite them to get [ themselues ] out of the heate , * And that the tree full in their way may entertaine them ‖ with [ her ] branching harborowes . * Whether the water shall stand still , or whether it runne , ‖ cast sallowes ouerthwart , and great stones ‖ into the midst [ of it . ] * That [ the bees ] may rest vpon * bridges layde thicke together , and [ may ] ‖ lay open their wings vnto the Summer Sunne ; if that perhaps * the violent Easterne winde shall scatter them ‖ lingring ouerlong , * or shall plunge them into the water . * About these [ places ] [ let there grow ] greene * Cassia , and * wilde thyme smelling all abroad , and store of ‖ winter sauory * smelling strong ; and let the * banks of violets * drink the moistening water-springs . c And also the hiues themselues , * whether you haue them sewed [ and made ] with hollow barks , or wouen with limber twigs , Let them haue narrow entrances ; for Winter * hardens hony with the cold ; * and heate [ in the Summer ] dissolues and melts the same . * The violence of both these is ‖ to be feared alike to bees : * neither do [ the bees ] themselues in vaine * besmeare with waxe , * most painefully who shall do best the little breathing holes * within their hiues , ‖ and fill vp the * rifts * with mosse and flowers , and * preserue a glue gathered to these same * seruices , more ‖ clammie then birdlime [ or ] then ‖ the pitch of * Ida hill in Phrygia . Oft times also ( if the report be true ) [ the bees ] * haue made their houses in caues digd within the ground ; and they haue bene found * deepe in hollow pumeise stones , and in the * trunke * of an eaten tree . ‖ Yet both * da●be their clifted hiues , * with ‖ mud layd smoothly on , * defending [ them ] round about , ‖ and also cast aloft vpon them , leaues thinly strewd . d * And suffer not the yough tree [ to grow ] * neare vnto [ their ] houses , nor burne ‖ red sea-crabs * on your hearth ; ‖ nor trust the deepe fen [ too much . ] * Or where [ there is ] a noisome smell of mud ; or where the hollow * rockes ‖ do sound with the beating [ of waters , ] and [ where ] * the likenesse of the voice beat backe rebounds . e That which remains [ is this ] [ that ] when the golden Sunne hath chased away the Winter driuen ‖ vnder the earth , and * hath again set open the skie with Summer light , ‖ They forthwith trauell through forrests and woods , And * suck the purple coloured flowers , and also being light [ of bodie ] * do sip the vpmost streames . Hereupon being chearfull , with what * delight I know not , they ‖ cherish [ their ] * brood , and [ maintaine ] [ * their ] hiues . * Yea , hereupon * they fashion out * new waxe by skill , and * make their ‖ clammie hony . f Hence whenas * you shall behold a swarme sent forth euen now out of their hiues vnto the skies , to waue through the cleare Summer aire ; And shall ‖ maruell at ‖ a darke cloud to be ‖ drawne with the wind : * Marke well : they do alwayes seeke sweete waters * and houses among the boughes of trees . To this end sprinkle the ‖ appointed iuyces : * Bruz'd balme-mint , and the * common grasse of hony-suckle . And make * a ringing noise , * and tinkle round about the ‖ cymbals Al. of the mother [ of the Gods. ] The [ bees ] will settle all together * vpon their sprinkled seates : [ yea ] * they will get themselues into the inmost * cabbines ‖ after their manner . g But if they shall go foorth to fight ( for discord oftentimes * hath growne betweene two kings with great adoe , ) [ You may ] both presently [ foreknow ] * the stomackes of the common fort , and also you may * perceiue long before [ ‖ their ] trembling hearts [ prepared ] for warre . For why , that warlike noise * of a brazen trumpet sounding harsh , * doth checke * those which do linger long . And [ after ] a voice is heard * resembling the broken sounds of trumpets . * Then hastily they go together , ‖ and glister with their * wings . * They likewise sharpen [ their ] stings with [ their ] snouts , * and fit [ their ] lims [ to fight . ] And * are gathered thicke about [ their ] king , and * euen vnto the Emperours pauillion , and ‖ call [ forth ] the enemie with ‖ great cries . Therefore when [ they haue ] got * a faire and cleare Spring time , and ‖ open fields , they rush out of [ their ] gates : * they runne violently together , ‖ a sound is made * high in the aire : * they mixt * are gathered into a great round heape , ‖ And fall downe headlong . The haile [ falls ] not more thicke * out of the aire , * Nor yet such , store of acornes raine from th' shaken ‖ oake . [ The kings ] themselues [ flying ] thorough the midst of the armies Al. with gallant wings , * Do exercise braue minds within their narrow breasts : * Endeuouring stoutly with all their power not to yeeld , vntill * the heauie conquerour hath ‖ compelled either these or those * to turne their backs in flight . h ‖ These stirrings vp of their courages , and these so great * skirmishes , * Will ceasse , being ‖ repressed * with the casting vp of a litle dust . But when you haue recall'd both the ‖ leaders * from the battell , * Put him to death that seemes the worst , lest being a spend-all he do hurt : * [ but ] suffer [ him that seemes ] the better , [ that ] he may reigne * in the pallace [ all alone . ] * One [ of the kings ] will be bright burning red with spots shining like gold . ( For there are two kinds of [ kings : ] ) this [ which is ] the better , [ is ] ‖ notable * in countenance , And ‖ bright * with glistering specks : that other [ king ] is * ill fauoured ‖ Through sloth , * and draggeth his ‖ broad belly ‖ without all honour . * As [ there are ] two fashions of [ their ] kings , so the bodies * of the common sort ‖ [ are two , differing each from other . ] For why , some of them * are rough and ill-fauoured , like as when a * thirstie ‖ traueller comes out of the deepe dust , and spits vpō the ground * with [ his ] drie mouth : ‖ others do shine and glister with cleare brightnesse , * Gloring like gold , and [ hauing ] [ their ] bodies * dasht * with equall spots . This is the better brood : ‖ from hence at a certaine time * of the yeare , * You may presse out sweete hony , * and not so sweete as liquid , * and which will amend ‖ the ouer-much hardnesse of wine . i But when ‖ the swarmes flie * astray , and play * in the aire , * And care not for [ their ] hony combes , and leaue [ their ] * coole houses , * You must restraine [ their ] ‖ vnstable minds * from [ that ] vaine sport : Neither [ is it ] any ] great labour * to represse them . * Plucke away the wings from [ their ] kings . [ And then ] ‖ not any one will be bold * to flie so high , or * to remoue the standards from [ their ] campes , * the kings staying behind . * Let your gardens * smelling sweete ‖ with saffron flowers entice them . ‖ And let the guard of ‖ Priapus borne in Hellespont , with his willow hooke , [ who is ] Al. the keeper both of theeues and birds , saue them [ from annoy . ] k Al. [ And ] he himselfe * to whom such things are in regard , bringing thyme & ‖ pine-trees from the high moūtaines , let him ‖ plant [ them ] largely round about * the houses [ of the bees . ] * Let him labour . hard : [ yea ] * let him set fruitfull ‖ plants , and * water them with friendly showres . l And now * indeed , but that I would strike saile , and make haste to turne my foredecke to the land * a little before the last end of my ‖ labours , * I would perhaps declare what care of husbanding [ the ground ] might beautifie both ranke gardens and the rose-borders of Pestum , which beareth roses twise a yeare . * And how endiue delights to grow neare water sides . And also [ how ] ‖ banks greene with ‖ parsly [ delight therein . ] * Yea how the cucumber writhen among * the herbes * might grow to be very big . Neither * would I haue passed ouer in silēce the Narcissus which so * lately flowers , or * the branch of the * crisped ‖ branke vrsine . And the pale ivies , and also the myrtle trees ‖ louing the shoares . * For I remember that I haue seene vnder the loftie towers of ‖ Oebalia , ( where the blacke riuer Galesus ‖ moisteneth the * yellow fields ) an old man ‖ of Corycus , * to whom there befell a few acres of the countrey , that was left [ after the diuision [ of the grounds . ] * The soile whereof was neither fruitfull for feeding bullocks , nor the crop ‖ fit for cattell , * neither yet [ was it ] commodious * for wine . ‖ Yet in this place * he planting * pot-herbes thinly here and there among the bushes , and white lillies round about , and ‖ verveine , and poppie ‖ fit to be eaten : Did match * in conceit the wealth of kings ; and returning home ‖ late at night , * furnished his table with dainties vnbought . * He gathered roses first in the Spring , * and likewise apples in the Autumne . * And euen when the hard Winter did burst the stones * with frost , and stayed the course of waters * with [ her ] ice : * Euen then did he gather fresh leaues of pleasant Acanthus . Oft blaming the ‖ lateward Summer , and the West windes * lingring ouer-long [ before they came . ] Therefore the same [ old man ] [ was wont ] t' abound first [ of all ] * with breeding bees , & with store of swarmes and to gather foaming hony out of the ‖ pressed hony combes . * He had linden trees , and the pine tree ‖ yeelding most abundantly . * And as many apples as [ each ] fruitfull tree had in the fresh blossom , it had so many ripe in the Autumne . * He moreouer set in order lateward elmes . And the * hard peare-tree and sloe trees now bearing ‖ plums . And also the plane-tree * giuing shade to folke drinking [ vnder it . ] But I indeed H passe by these things , * being bard [ from them ] by my vnequall space [ of time , ] and * leaue them to be recorded of others hereafter . m Now go to [ then , ] I will dispatch * the qualities which Iupiter himselfe ‖ hath added vnto bees : [ ‖ to wit ] for what reward , they following the shrill sounds * of Cybeles priests , * and [ their ] tinkling cymbals fed ‖ the king of heauen * in a caue of the hill Dicte in Creete . n ‖ They alone haue [ their ] * yong in common , * and common houses [ also ] of [ their ] citie , * and leade [ their ] liues * vnder worthie lawes . * And they onely know [ their own ] natiue countrey , and their certaine dwelling houses . * And being mindfull of the Winter * that will come , * do take great paines , * and lay vp in store , for the common vse , the things which they haue gotten . * For why , some of them toile for liuing , and * are busied in the fields ‖ by a couenant * made [ amongst themselues . ] ‖ Part [ of them ] lay within the * fences of [ their ] houses , * the iuyce of Narcissus and * clammie gumme [ gathered ] * from the barkes [ of trees , ] ‖ being the first foundations ‖ of [ their ] hony combes . * And afterwards they fasten thereto gluish waxe . * Others bring forth [ their ] yong ones now at perfect growth , the hope * [ all their ] stocke : Others [ of them ] ‖ fill vp the purest hony , and ‖ stretch out [ their ] cels * with the finest life hony . [ And other some ] there are , to whom * the warding at their gates falleth for [ their ] lot . * And they by turnes do watch the raine and clouds of heauen . Or else ‖ they take the ‖ burdens ‖ [ of the bees ] [ then ] comming [ home . ] * Or making an army , driue away from [ their ] * hiues ‖ the drones ‖ a lazie cattell . ‖ Their worke is hote , and ‖ [ their ] fragrant hony * smels sweete with ‖ thyme . o And euen as * the Cyclopians when they * make vp in haste the * thunderbolts [ of Iupiter ] * out of the softned iron lumpes ; * Some [ of them ] blow with [ their ] bellowes made of bull-hides : Others * quench [ their ] hizzing * mettals in the trough . * Etna groaneth * through the stithies * placed thereon . ‖ They among themselues lift vp their armes ‖ in order with great force , and often turne the iron * with [ their ] pinsers holding [ 't ] fast . None otherwise ( * if that I may compare smal things ‖ to great . ) * An inbred loue * of getting [ hony ] * doth euen inforce the bees of * Athens , ‖ and euery [ bee ] in her owne place . p ‖ The townes [ are ] the charge [ giuen ] to the * ancienter [ bees , ] And * to fence their hony combes , [ yea ] * and to make them houses * most cunningly deuised . * But the yonger [ bees ] returne [ home ] wearie late at night , * Loaden on the legs with thyme : ‖ they are fed euery where both [ vpon ] * the crab tree blossomes and * gray sallowes , ‖ and Casia and red saffron , and vpon the * ranke linden trees , and also [ vpon ] * the ironish coloured hyacinth . q [ There is ] one rest * from worke to all [ of them , ] one labour [ is ] vnto [ them ] all . * In the morning they rush out of [ their ] gates : [ there is ] no stay ; againe whenas the euening admonisheth them to depart at length out of the fields ‖ from feeding , then * go they home ; [ and ] * then do they cherish [ their ] weary bodies . ‖ A sound is made , and they ‖ do buz about the * bounds and entrances [ of their hiues . ] Afterwards whenas they haue * reposed themselues [ to rest ] in their chambers , ‖ there is silence * [ all ] the night , & * euery ones owne sleepe possesseth [ all their ] * wearie lims . r ‖ Nor yet indeede do they * depart farre from [ their ] hiues * if it be like to raine ; * or trust vnto the aire when * the Eastwindes will arise . But ‖ they are watered * safely vnder the walls of the citie ‖ round about . * And they aduenture but short courses ; and oft times do they take vp little stones , as * floating boates [ do take vp ] balasse * in a rough water . With these [ same little stones ] * they beare themselues leuell thorough the emptie * cloudie aire . s You wil wonder * that that same manner [ of liuing ] hath so pleased the bees , that they do neither * giue themselues to ingendring ; nor being ‖ slothfull , do let loose their bodies vnto * lust ; * or bring foorth yong with pangs in birth . But they do ‖ gather [ their ] * yong ones with ‖ their mouth from flowers and sweete herbes . They [ hence ] * prouide [ their ] king * and their yong progenie , and * establish [ their ] * courts and [ their ] ‖ waxen kingdomes . t Oft times also * they weare [ their ] wings by * wandring among hard rockes , and of their owne accord * yeeld vp [ their ] liues vnder [ their ] ‖ burden . * They haue so great a loue of flowers , and [ such a ] glory of making hony . u * Therefore although the compasse of a small age entertaines them , ( * for they do not liue aboue seuen yeares , ) Yet [ ‖ their ] stock remaines immortall , and ‖ the fortune of [ their ] house * abides for many yeares ; ‖ and the grandsires of their grandfathers are numbred [ amongst them . ] x Moreouer ‖ Egypt and great Lydia , * or the Parthian , ‖ the Mede , [ * or ] Indian do not so ‖ obserue [ their ] king , [ as bees do theirs . ] ‖ The king being safe , * the same mind [ is ] in them all . * [ But he ] being lost , they breake their faith , and they themselues spoile [ their ] hony made vp [ in their cels ] * burst the frames of [ their ] hony combes . ‖ He [ is ] * the protector of [ their ] workes ; * him they admire , and all of them stand about him * with great humming noise , and guard [ him ] ‖ thicke . And oft times ‖ they lift [ him ] vp with their shoulders , and * hazard [ their ] bodies in warre [ for him , ] and do desire ‖ a glorious death by wounds [ sustained for his sake . ] y * Some by these signes , and following these examples , haue said that there is a part of the diuine vnderstanding and * also heauenly spirits in bees : for why [ they say ] * that God goeth thorow all , both lands and * coasts of the sea , and the high heauen . Hereupon [ they haue affirmed ] [ both ] * the small [ and ] great cattell , men , and euery kind * of wilde beast , [ Yea ] * euery one that is borne , to fetch [ his ] life . ‖ [ from hence , ] * Know this [ that they haue said ] ‖ all things ] to be restored hither * finally , and being ‖ resolued , * to be surrendred again ; * and that there is no place for death , * but that all things [ so dissolued ] do flie aliue into the number of the starres , * and [ so ] succeed [ by course ] in the high heauen . z If at any time you will * emptie their Al. stately seate , * and the hony which they haue preserued in [ their ] treasuries : * first spurt vpon them [ some ] draughts of ‖ water warmed in your mouth , and hold before you in [ your ] hand * smokes following one another . ‖ They gather [ their ] * great increase twise [ in the yeare , ] * they haue two times of haruest : ‖ * So soone as ‖ Taygete hath shewed her honest face vnto the earth , And ‖ Pleias * hath pushed backe with [ her ] foote * the scorned waues of the Ocean sea : ‖ Or whenas the same [ Pleias ] * shunning the signe of waterish Piscis , ‖ Goeth downe more sad from heauen into the Winter waters . a * The bees haue anger aboue measure : and being hurt * they breathe in poison with their biting , and also leaue ‖ blind * stings , hauing fastned them in the veines : * yea and lay downe [ their ] liues in the [ verie ] wound . But if you feare ‖ a hard Winter , and will spare [ ‖ for [ the time ] to come : And shall haue pitie of [ their ] bruised * hearts * and [ their ] decayed estates : * Who then would doubt * to perfume [ their hiues ] with thyme , and * pare away the ‖ * emptie waxe ? for oft times ▪ * the newt * not knowne of , * eates away the hony combes , [ and ] * beds [ are ] made for moathes which flie the light : And also the droane sitting * scotfree ‖ at others meate , Or else * the cruel hornet * thrusts in himselfe with [ his ] vnequall weapons : Or [ that ] * direfull kind * of moath ; or [ finally ] ‖ the spider * odious to Minerua , * hangs [ her ] nets loose * in the entrances [ of the hiues . ] * The emptier the bees shall be , * so much the more * eagerly all of them * wil bestirre [ themselues ] to repaire ‖ the ruines * of [ their ] decayed stocke . And * will fill vp [ their ] * hatches , and ‖ * weaue [ their ] barnes with flowers . b But if [ their ] bodies ‖ shall languish * by [ some ] sore disease , ( because life hath brought [ euen ] our * misfortunes vnto bees . ) ( Which thing * you may presently know by vndoubted signes . ) ‖ There is forthwith another colour ‖ to them when they are sicke : an * vgly leannesse doth ‖ deforme [ their ] * looke : * then carry they foorth the bodies of the dead out of [ their ] hiues , and make dolefull funerals . * Or they hang at the entries of [ their ] hiues ‖ clung by [ their ] feete . Or else ‖ they all abide lingring within ‖ in their houses shut , both sluggish thorough * famishment , and slothfull * by cold which they haue caught . Then [ their ] sound is heard more heauie , and they hum ‖ trailingly . As sometimes ‖ the cold South wind ‖ doth sound in th'woods : [ Or ] as the troubled sea doth make a noise * with [ her ] rebounding waues : [ And ] as the * vehement fire sounds hollowly * in fornaces shut vp . c Here now * I will aduise [ you ] to make sweet smels with the burning of Galbanum . And [ I would counsell you ] * ‖ heartning them of your owne accord , * & recalling them being * faint , * vnto [ their ] acquainted food , to bring in [ for them into their hiues ] hony * in troughes of reed . * It shall likewise do them good to mingle herewith bruised gals and drie roses , or * ‖ new wine ‖ boyled * thicke with good store of fire , * or bunches of raisins of the Sunne ‖ of the Psithian vine . And thyme * ‖ of Athens and strong smelling * centaury . There is also a flower ‖ in the medows , ‖ whereunto the husbandmen haue giuen the name Amellus , an herbe * easie [ to be found ] of them that seeke [ it . ] * For it sends vp * a mightie bush out of one Al. turfe . [ The flower ] it selfe is of a colour like gold ; ‖ * but a purple hue [ as ] of a blacke violet ‖ shines somewhat in the leaues , * which are spread very thicke round about . The altars of the Gods [ * are ] oft times deckt with * garlands made [ thereof . ] The taste [ of it ] is sharpe in the mouth : shepheards do gather it * in valleys vsed to be mowne , and neare vnto the crooked * streames of * Mella . Boyle the rootes hereof * in odoriferous * wine , And set [ the same as ] meate [ vnto the bees ] in full * troughs * at the entrie [ of the hiues . ] d But if all * the brood shall faile any man of a sudden , * That he shall not haue [ some left ] whereof the stocke of a new race may be supplied , [ It is ] time ‖ to lay open also ‖ the memorable inuentions of [ ‖ Aristaeus ] the Arcadian maister , * how corrupt bloud hath oft times brought foorth bees * in bullockes newly killed . I will dispatch * the whole report [ thereof , ] * rehearsing it at large from the first beginning . For all the region [ from that part ] where * the fortunate people of Canopus built by Alexander , * bordereth vpon [ the riuer ] Nilus , ouerflowing as a standing pond with his streames powred out , * and is carried about his grounds in painted boates , And where [ the same ] riuer * turning downeward * all along from ‖ the [ swartie ] coloured Indians , * washeth vpon * the countries neare vnto the Persian * armed with bowes & arrowes , * and maketh greene Egypt fruitfull ‖ with his blacke sand : and rushing downe ‖ doth run abroad into seuen diuers mouthes . [ Euen all that region ] * doth repose her certain ‖ safetie in this art . e * First of all a little ‖ place and * streightned for that same vse is chosen out . * This they make close with narrow roofe tiles and with straite walls . And * they make foure windowes * with the light let in aslope from the foure winds . * Then a bullocke of two yeres old , beginning now to bend his hornes is sought . ‖ His * two nosthrils and the breath of his mouth are stopt , although he struggle exceedingly , and [ his ] * fleshie parts * being bruised * throughout his whole hide * are all dissolued whilst he is killed with bangs . So they do leaue him * lying ‖ in the inclosed place , * and lay peeces of boughes vnderneath his ribs , [ and also ] thyme and Al. greene ‖ Casia . * This feate is done whenas the West winds do first begin to moue the waters ; Before the * medow grounds be red with new colours , [ and ] before that the chattering swallow hangeth vp her neast in the rafters [ of the house . ] f ‖ In the meane time ‖ [ his ] moisture being made warme in [ his ] tender bones waxeth hote ; and liuing creatures to be seene ‖ in maruellous * manner , * Lacking [ their ] feete at first , * and straightway flickering [ as ] with * wings , * Are mingled together , * and take in thinne aire more and more , vntill they haue burst [ out of the hide ] euen as a ‖ shower powred out of Summer clouds , or as the ‖ shafts * out of the bow , * If at any time the Parthians light of foote do giue the first onset . g ‖ Oh [ ye ] Muses , [ tell me ] what God [ ‖ hath beaten out ] this [ art , ] who hath ‖ beat out this * skill for vs. ‖ From whence this new ‖ experience of men hath taken her beginning . The ‖ sheepheard Arist●us * forsaking quite * the pleasant fields of ‖ Thessaly named Tempe neare the riuer Penous , * Hauing lost [ his ] bees ( as the report goeth ) by ‖ sicknesse and by ‖ famishment , Stood * pensiue at the sacred head of the * vtmost part of [ this ] riuer , Complaining * much , and speaking to * [ his ] mother in his sort : Mother Cyrene , * mother [ mine , ] * who dwellest in * the deepest bottomes ‖ of this same ‖ gulfe , why hast thou * bred me [ comming ] of the noble linage of the Gods , ( if so be that ‖ Thymbraeus Apollo be my father as thou sayest , ) * [ to be ] hated of the heauenly destinies ? or whither [ is ] ‖ thy loue of vs ‖ driuen * from thee ? why didst thou bid me ‖ t'hope for heauen ? * Loe also I do leaue ( although * thou be my mother ) this very honour of [ my ] mortall life , which [ my ] * carefull keeping both of fruites & cattell , * had beaten out to me , making triall of all things . But go to , and thou thy selfe plucke vp ‖ my happy woods with [ thine owne ] hand . ‖ Bring mischieuous fire to my stalls [ of cattell ] and * destroy my corne . Burne vp [ my ] plants and * thrust thy strong two edged hooke into [ my ] vines . * If thou be so wearie of my praise . h But [ his ] mother perceiu'd ‖ a [ mournfull ] sound in [ her ] bedchamber vnder [ the bottome ] of the deepe riuer : * the Nymphs about her ‖ toosed * Milesian wooll * died * Al. in a deepe glassie colour . Both [ the Nymph ] * Drymo and also Zantho , and Lygea and Philodoce , * hauing [ their ] ‖ faire haire spred about their white neckes . Nesea [ likewise ] and Spio , and cke Thalia and Cymodoce , And also Cydippo * and yellow haired Lycorias : the one of them a virgin , * The other hauing then first felt the pangs ‖ of bearing child . And Clio and Beroe [ her ] sister , both of them the daughters of Oceanus . Both of them * cloth'd in gold , * and in spotted skins [ of hindes . ] * And in like manner Ephyre and also Opis , * Asia [ and ] Deiopeia , And Arethusa very swift , * hauing at length layed away her shafts . * Amongst which , Clymene * told * the idle care of Vulcan , * the craftie sleights of Mars , and their * pleasant thefts . * And numbred vp the thicke and threefold loues of th' Gods , ‖ [ euen ] from the Chaos . i * With which discourse the Nymphs being * caught * whilst that they spin , * the dolefull moane of Aristeus pierst into his mothers eares , and all the Nymphes were amazed * [ sitting on ] ‖ [ their ] glassie seates ; but Arethusa looking forth before her other sisters , lift vp [ her ] ‖ yellow head * aboue th' top of the * water . * And being farre off [ thus she spake , ] Oh sister Cyrene , * affrighted not without [ iust ] cause , * for so great a wailing : Aristeus himself , thy greatest care , sad * for thy sake , stands weeping at the * waues of Peneus [ thy ] father , and cals thee cruel by name . The mother * ‖ smitten in her mind with a new feare , saith * to her , Go to , bring [ him hither ] bring him vnto vs , [ it may be ] ‖ lawfull for him to touch the thresholds of the Gods : [ and ] withall she commands the deepe riuers ‖ to depart all abroad where the yong man * should enter in . But the * water stood round about ‖ bowed after the manner of a hill . ‖ And entertained [ him ] in her vast bosome , and sent [ him ] vnderneath the ‖ riuer . k And now * admiring his mothers house and her watery * realmes , And also the ‖ lakes shut vp in caues , and the ‖ sounding groues ▪ He went [ forward , ] and being astonied at the ‖ mightie mouing of the waters , * Beheld all the riuers * flowing vnder the ‖ great earth , both Phasis and Lycus , And th● head from whence the deepe E●ipeus first ▪ Al. bursts forth [ and shewes ] it selfe . * From what place ‖ father Tiberine , and from whence the streams of ‖ Anien [ do come . ] And Hipanis * making a great sound amongst the stones , and ‖ Caicus flowing out of Mysia . * And eke Eridanus hauing two golden hornes in a buls face : * then which not any other riuer * flowes more violently thorough the fertile fields into ‖ the ‖ purple sea . l * After that he was come vnder the roofe of the bed-chamber [ of his mother Cyrene ] hanging all with pumish stone , and [ that ] Cyrene knew the * needlesse weeping of [ her ] sonne : * [ her ] sister Nymphes giue in order faire spring water for his hands , ▪ and bring [ him ] towels with * the nap shorne off . Part [ of them ] * furnish the tables with * dainties : * and oft do fill the cups : m * the altars ‖ waxe full sweete with fiers of Panchean wood . And [ then his ] mother [ said , ] Take thou these ‖ cups of * Lydian wine , * Let vs offer to God Oceanus , quoth she . * And herewith she prayes both vnto * Oceanus ‖ the father of all things , and to the Nymphs [ her ] sisters , * A hundred [ of them ] which ‖ [ keepe ] the woods , [ and also ] an hundred which keep the riuers . * Thrise did she sprinkle the burning * fire with pure sweete wine . Thrise the flame being ‖ vnderneath , flasht backe againe to th' top of the house . With which luckie signe ‖ she confirming her mind , began thus . n There is a Prophet * of the sea ‖ in the Carpathian gulfe , [ Called ] ‖ the skie coloured Proteus , who ‖ measures out the great sea * [ borne vpon ] fishes backs , * And in a chariot drawne ‖ by two footed horses . * He is now gone to renew the ports of ‖ Emathia , and [ his ] countrey Palene . * Him do the Nymphs adore , and ancient ‖ Nereus himself , for ‖ [ that ] Prophet * knoweth all things , Which are , which haue bene , [ and ] ‖ which may be protracted to come ere long . Because it hath so seemed good ‖ to Neptune , whose ‖ monstrous heards of cattell , and * huge sea-calues he feeds ‖ vnderneath the gulfe . o * This [ Prophet ] ( [ my ] sonne ) is to be bound of thee before [ thou aske him any thing ] that he may * speedily tell thee * euery cause of the diseases [ of thy bees , ] * and may giue thee good successe . For ‖ he will not giue [ thee ] any precepts without * constraint ; neither shalt thou * moue him * by intreatie . * Lay hard hands and bonds vpon him being caught : ‖ His deceits about these things * will at length be vtterly frustrate . * I my selfe [ about the noone-tide ] ‖ whenas the Sunne hath kindled [ his ] middle heate , When the herbes * are thirstie , and the shadow is more ‖ welcome to the cattell , Will bring thee into the secret [ places ] of th' ‖ old man , * Al. whither he being wearie , * doth retire himselfe from the waues ; that thou mayest easily ‖ set vpon him * lying fast asleepe . p But when thou shalt hold [ him ] * taken with hands and bands , Then diuers ‖ shapes will delude [ thee , ] and * faces of wilde beasts ; * for he will be of a sudden a rough bristled swine , and a ‖ blacke tiger , And also ‖ a scaly dragon ‖ and a lionesse * with a tawnie yellow necke : * Or else he will giue forth a crackling noise of fire : and so he will * escape out of [ thy ] bands ; * or slipping aside [ from thee ] he will go quite away into the thin waters . * But how much more he ‖ turnes himselfe into all * shapes : * So much the more ( my sonne ) tie hard his bands to hold him fast : Vntill he shall be such a one , his bodie being changed [ againe , ] * as thou sawest him , when he * closed [ his ] eyes * beginning first to sleepe . q ‖ These things she * spake , ‖ and * cast abroad * a pure odour of r ‖ Ambrosia , * Wherewith she Al. sok't the bodie of [ her ] sonne throughout : but * a sweete sent blew to him ; hauing his haire neatly drest , And ‖ an able vigour * entred into [ his ] lims . s There is ‖ a huge caue in the side * of a hill eaten all away , whereinto ‖ very much water * is driuen by the wind , * and parts it selfe into reflowing creakes , * [ Which ] sometime [ was ] a most safe harbour for sea-men caught [ by tempest . ] * Within [ it ] doth Proteus * close himselfe with the * couer of a * huge great stone . * Here doth the Nymph [ Cyrene ] place the yong man turned from the light , ‖ within the lurking holes : ‖ [ and ] she her selfe Al. went backe farre off * obscured with clouds . t * Now the wood Dog-starre called ‖ Syrius broyling the thirstie Indians * burned in the skie , and the fierie Sunne * had gone halfe his daily course : herbes withered , and ‖ the sun-beames boyled the hollow riuers warmed to the mud , their * vpper parts being drie . u When Proteus went from the * riuers , * going vnto [ his ] wonted caues ; ‖ the waterish nation of the ‖ vast sea ‖ leaping about him , sprinkled ‖ the bitter dew ‖ all abroad . ‖ The sea-calues * lay themselues asleepe on euery shore . ‖ Himselfe ( euen as the keeper of a heard sometimes in th'mountaines , ‖ when the euening tide brings home [ his ] bullockes from feeding to [ their ] houses ; And [ when ] the lambs * do whet on the wolues ‖ [ their ] bleatings being heard , ‖ ) * Sate downe * full in the midst vpon a rocke and ‖ counts the number of them . x * Of whom because there was so fit an occasion offered to Aristeus , He scarcely * suffering ‖ the old man * to settle his wearie limmes [ to rest , ] * Rusheth [ vpon him ] with a great outcrie , and ties him with manicles lying all along . ‖ He * on the other side , not vnmindfull * of his skill , ‖ Transformes himselfe * into all wonderments of things , ‖ Both into fire , and into a most horrible wild beast , and into a cleare riuer . * But when he could find no meanes to escape by any * shift , being ouercome * he returned into his owne shape again . y And at the length he spake ‖ with the [ very mouth ] of a man. * O boldest of all youths , for who ( quoth he ) * bad thee ‖ to come vnto our * house ? or what doest thou fetch hence ? But * he [ made answer , ] Oh Proteus ‖ thou knowest ; euen thou thy selfe knowest ; neither is it [ * possible ] for any man ‖ to deceiue thee : * But leaue thou off to seeke [ to beguile me . ] * We following the commandements of the gods ‖ haue come hither * to enquire of the Oracles concerning our decayed estate . z * Thus much spake [ Aristeus . ] * At these words at last the Prophet [ Proteus ] with great enforcement * rolled his eyes burning with a ‖ red fierie light , And * gnashing his teeth discōtentedly , ‖ thus opened he his mouth * in oracles . * The wrath of no base power doth trouble thee , * Thou art punished for thy hainous faults : ‖ miserable Orpheus * raiseth vp these stormes , [ and yet ] * nothing according to thy desert , * if the fates did not resist : and rageth grieuously * for villanie offered to his wife . She indeed [ poore ] * wench * being neare vnto her death , * whilst headlong [ she ] fled from thee * by the riuers side , saw not a * fell serpent before her feet , ‖ keeping the bankes in the deepe * grasse . But the companie of Nymphs called Dryades * being of like age , ‖ filled the highest mountaines with [ their ] crie : * the Rhodopeian hils did weepe , * And the high Pangean tops , * yea the warlike countrey of Rhesus , And also ‖ the Getes , and the riuer ‖ Hebrus , * and likewise Orithya the Athenian Nymph . a [ But ] he himselfe * asswaging [ his ] sorowfull loue with [ his ] hollow lute , ( O sweete wife ) ‖ [ did sing of ] thee , [ he sang of ] thee by himselfe [ alone ] in the * desert shore : [ He sang of ] thee * at the comming of the day ; he sang of thee * at the departing of the same : * And entring into the iawes of * Tenarus , the deepe ‖ doores * of Pluto [ the God of hell , ] and into * a groue all blacke with fearfull darknes , he went both to the ‖ spirits , and ‖ to the dreadfull king , And to the hearts * that know not to waxe gentle at the prayers of men . * But yet the slender ghosts being moued with [ his ] song , ‖ went from the lowest seates of * hell , and [ so many ] likenesses * of [ folks ] lacking the light of life , * As thousands of birds hide themselues in woods , * When as the euening or ‖ a Winters shower doth driue [ them ] from the * hils . * [ Both ] mothers and husbands , and the bodies of couragious noble men ‖ discharged of life , ‖ boyes and vnmarried girles , And yong men ‖ put into the fiers * before [ their ] parents faces , [ All ] which the black mud and foule ill fauoured reeds of * Cocytus , and the fenne being * Al. lothsome thorough her continuall standing water compasseth about , * and the [ infernall ] Styx ‖ nine times powred betweene [ the liuing and the departed ] keepeth in [ or includeth , compassing them nine times about . ] Moreouer ‖ the very [ hellish ] houses themselues * were astonied , & also * the deepest dungeons of death , * and the furies of hell hauing their haire all intangled with blackish snakes : and likewise * Cerberus the gaping curre of hell , * stayd his three mouthes . And the wheele * of Ixions torture stood still with the winde [ thereof . ] b And now [ Orpheus ] * returning backe [ from hell ] ‖ had escaped all * dangers , and [ his wife ] Euridice ‖ being restored [ vnto him ] ‖ came into the vpper aire , following behind [ him , ] ( for why ‖ Proserpina [ the Queene of hell ] had giuen this law . ) c Whenas a sudden ‖ madnesse * had caught away the vnwarie louer , ( [ * A folly ] indeed to be ‖ pardoned , if the [ infernall ] spirits knew ‖ to pardon [ any thing . ] [ He ] stood still , and * alas forgetfull [ man , ] and ‖ ouercome in mind , * he looked backe vpon his owne Euridice , now * about the verie entrance into the light . There [ was ] all [ his ] labour * lost , and the * couenants of the * mercilesse tyrant * all made voide , d and thrice ‖ a broken noise [ was ] heard from the Auerne ponds . [ Then ] shee spake [ thus , ] O Orpheus who hath * vndone both * me miserable wretch , & thee [ likewise . ] * What so great a madnesse ! loe ‖ the cruell destinies call me backe againe : and sleepe [ of death ] * doth couer [ my ] dazeling eyes . And now ‖ farewell : [ for ] * I am borne [ away ] compassed about * with a dreadfull darknesse . * And stretching out to thee ( alacke not thine ) ‖ [ my ] feeble hands . [ Thus ] she spake , * and [ vanished ] suddenly out of his sight , euen as the smoake being mixt together flies diuers wayes into the thin aire : neither saw she him * after catching at [ her ] * ghost all in vain , * and desirous to speake many things vnto her , nor yet ‖ the ferriman of hell * Would suffer [ him ] to passe ouer any more ‖ the fen * set betweene [ the liuing and the infernall ghosts . ] e What should he do ? whither should he * betake himselfe , his wife being * violently taken from him twise ? With what * lamenting ‖ should he moue * the fiends , [ or ] with what voice [ might he * intreate ] the Gods ? * But she ‖ now cold , * swims [ back ] in the Stygian ferriboate . f * They say that he [ then ] mourn'd seuen whole moneths * together [ without rest , ] * Vnder a verie loftie rocke in the open aire , * neare vnto the streames of Strymon forsaken [ of all people ] , * and that he oft repeated these same things vnder [ those ] cold caues , * Taming the tigers , and ‖ mouing the okes with [ his ] * song . g * Like as the nightingale mourning vnder the shade of a poplar tree , ‖ complaines for her yong ones being lost : * which the * hard hearted plowman ‖ Obseruing , drew forth out of [ their ] neast * vnfledge ; but she * wailes [ all ] the night , and sitting * on a bough , renews afresh ‖ her miserable * note , and fils the places * farre and neare with [ her ] * dolefull complaints . h * No loue : * no new mariages could moue his mind . * He all alone wandered about the frozen Scythian coasts , and the riuer Tanais * couered with snow , * and eke the fields neuer without the Rhiphean frosts , complaining for ‖ [ his ] Euridice taken [ from him ] violently , and the * grant of Pluto vtterly made voide ; * in regard of which most precious gift , the women of the ‖ Cycones being * scorned , ‖ * dragged and scattered the yong man pluckt all in peeces thorough the broade fields , amongst * the sacrifices of [ their ] Gods , and * the night ceremoniall rites of Bacchus . And then withall whēas the riuer * Hebrus OEagrius [ of Thracia ] carying [ his ] head plucked away from [ his ] white marble necke , * tumbled [ it ] in the midst of the streame , * [ his ] very voice and tongue now cold called Euridice , ‖ ah miserable Euridice , * euen when his soule was flying away . The banks ‖ resounded Euridice * thorough the whole riuer . i * These things [ spake ] Proteus , and cast himselfe * into the depth of the sea . * And where he threw in himselfe , he whirl'd about the * foming waues vnder the round turning of the streame . k But Cyrene [ departed ] not : for why , she of her own accord spake vnto [ her sonne ] ‖ fearing [ much : ] [ My ] sonne , [ quoth shee ] * thou mayest put away sorrowful cares out of thy mind . ‖ Shee [ of whom Proteus spake , is ] ‖ all the cause of the disease : * hereon the Nymphes with whom * she vsed to dance in the high ‖ groues ‖ haue sent [ this ] miserable destruction * on thy bees . * Thou [ therefore ] humbly offer gifts ‖ crauing peace , and ‖ worship ‖ the Nymphes of the woods [ which are ] easie to bee intreated . * For they will grant [ thy ] requests , and qualifie [ their ] wrath . l But I will first tell thee in order , what is the maner of intreating [ them . ] Choose out foure * speciall bulls ‖ of excellent body , * which feed for thee now vpon the tops of green ‖ Lyceus mount , and as many heifers * of necke vntouched . * Make for these also foure altars neare vnto the stately temples ‖ of the Goddesses : ‖ and let out the sacred bloud forth of [ their ] throates . And also leaue the very bodies * of the buls in a groue full of greene leaues . After * whenas the ninth morning shall appeare , Thou shalt send vnto Orpheus [ some ] ghostly sacrifices , [ namely ] * poppies causing forgetfulnesse : And thou shalt [ likewise ] * offer a blacke sheepe , and shalt go see ‖ the groue againe . [ There ] shalt thou ‖ worship Euridice appeased with a heifer slaine . m * There was 〈◊〉 no delay , [ but ] ‖ he ●orth ▪ with * obeyed ‖ the precepts of his mother : Comes vnto the Temples , [ and ] ‖ reareth vp the altars , ‖ shewed [ vnto him . ] [ And ] brings foure * chosen buls of * excellent bodie , and as many heifers * of vntouched necke . Afterwards * whenas the ninth morning did appeare , * Aristeus ] sends to Orpheus the ghostly sacrifices , * and went again vnto the groue . n [ And ] here indeed they do behold a sudden * wonder ▪ and ●aruellous to be spoken , bees ‖ for to make a buzzing noise * throughout the dissolued bowels * of the beasts in their whole * bellies , * and [ as it were ] * with heat to issue boyling out from their bursten ribs . * And mightie clouds [ of bees ] t' be drawne [ in length ] and now ‖ to flow together knitting * in the top of a tree , and ‖ to send downe * a cluster like a grape from the * limber boughes . o * These things I sang ‖ vpon the tillage of the fields , and [ ordering ] of cattell . * And concerning trees , whilst * that great Caesar ‖ thundereth with warre ‖ at the deepe Euphrates , * and [ as ] a victorious conquerour giueth lawes amongst a willing people , and [ thus ] * prepares a way for heauen . Sweete Naples * entertained at that time me Virgil flourishing in the studies * of vnrenowned vacancie . FINIS . Notes, typically marginal, from the original text Notes for div A14494-e430 ‖ Pastorals or heardmens songs . They are called Bucolica of 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 bubulcus or armentari● , whereof comes bucolicus , a , um , pertaining to neate or to beasts , or pertaining to heardmen or pastorall : and so Bucolica ( carmina ) neatheards songs or heardmens songs , and by a Synecd . sheepheards songs . ‖ These are also called Eclogs of 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 electio , quasi electum poëma , a choyse Poeme : or here signifying , collocutio , because most of them are set downe in manner of Dialogues , viz. in talke betweene two or moe parties . * To which [ or whereto ] the name is Tityrus . ‖ The name Tityrus seemeth to be taken out of the Greeke Poet Theocritus , whom Virgil specially imitates in these Eclogues , where it is the name of a sheepheard most expert in countrey musicke . Thus is this first Eclogue named Tityrus of this fained sheepheard , whose felicitie is here chiefly recorded , and vnder his name Virgil is meant . ‖ The matter of this Eclogue or the substance hereof . ‖ Melibeus a sheepheard & familiar friend of Tityrus . * By the name of whom we vnderstand any Mantuan sheepheard . * Driuen away from his bounds [ viz. his fields or possessions . ] ‖ By an ancient souldier , viz. by one to whom his possessions were giuen for his long seruice . * Deplores [ or laments ] ‖ his misery or mishap : * And exaggerates his owne miseries by collation [ viz. by comparison ] of the felicitie of Tityrus . * Contrarily Tityrus who sustaines the person of Virgil [ viz. vnder whose ame Virgil is meant . ] ‖ Without care of feare . * His farmes [ viz. his lands ] being recouered . * Lifts vp into heauen Augustus [ Casar the Emperour . ] ‖ The principall cause of his peace . * Maruellous or wonderfull . * About the end [ or a little before the end : ] * night now imminent [ viz. approching apace : ] * he inuites Melibeus to [ his ] entertainment [ viz. to giue him entertainement : * with a certaine countrey-like ] or homely curtesie [ or kindnesse . ] 1 Tityrus a fained name of a sheepheard , most expert in countrey musicke ( as was said , ) here signifieth Virgil the famous Poet restored to his possessions by the commandement of Augustus . 2 Melibeus a heardman so called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , because he had care of cattell , representing a townsman of Mantua , cast out of his possessions by the Romane souldiers , to whō their lands were giuen . a In this Eclogue ( as was shewed in the Argument ) Melibeus laments his owne calamitie , and the estate of the rest of the townsmen of Mantua , by comparing their misery with the fortunate estate of Tityrus , which he admireth with a secret indignation : That he might lie at his ease vnder the shade , and play his country ditties vpon his pipe . * Lying downe [ viz. lying at thy ease or resting quietly . ] * Cover [ viz. shade or shadow . 3 Tegmen ] q. tegimen à tegend● . Syne●d . ge● . * The beech tree spreading largely , [ viz. with great armes or branches . ] 4 Patul● ] à patendo . 5 Fagi . ] Syn. spec . * Meditate . ‖ Tune . ‖ A song fit to be sung in the woods [ or a rurall or country song , or a heard●ans or sheepheards ditty . 6 Musam ] Metonymia efficientis . * With a small oate . 7 A●ena ] Metalepsis , an oate for a pipe made of oaten straw , Met. materi● & Met. 〈◊〉 , and taken for any pipe , Syn. spec . b When they contrarily were enforced to leaue their countrey and pleasant fields : ‖ Forsake , or are driuē to leaue or forgo . * Ends or coasts . ‖ Pleasant grounds or lands . 8 Arv●m ab arando , such a field properly as is ready to be sowne , now plowed or tilled , Syn. spec . And glad to flie their natiue soyle , ye● he lying at his ease vnder the coole shade , might sing his songs in praise of his loue faire Amaryl , to cause the very woods with their echo to resound the same . ‖ Flie from , or are driuen out and banished from ‖ Our natiue soyle . * Tityrus , thou being sluggish [ viz. secure or lying at thy rest , or idle and carelesse . * Shadow . ‖ Makest . ‖ To found backe ( as the Echo in the woods ) faire Amaryl : viz. thy songs of thy loue faire Amaryl : or to sing songs in praise of Rome and thy fauourers there . 9 Amaryllis a fained loue of Virgils , hauing the name of 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , splendeo , here it may seeme to be taken for Rome , and Virgil hauing friends there ; Metaphora , or being put for songs of Amaryl , it is Meton . subiect . c Tit. ] Tityrus answereth him , reioycing that the Emperour Augustus , whom he called God , had granted him all that happy peace . 10 By God he meaneth the Emperour Augustus who had granted him his lands and liberties , for so the Romans flatteringly made their Emperours gods . Or he meaneth that he would honour him as God , for the greatnesse of the benefit which he receiued . Deus Deus , in the beginning and the end , Epa●lepsis . * Made these rests to vs. * Idlenesse [ viz. quietnesse or securitie and freedome . ] 11 Ille , illius ] polyp●ton . * Be euer a god to merviz . whilst I liue and after my death . d Yea that he would offer vnto him many a sacrifice , as the manner of the Romans was to do to their gods . ‖ Delicate , fat and yong . * Sheepefoulds . * Imbrue , colour , moysten or poure about , viz be offered on his altar . * The altar of him . e For that he had granted him free libertie & safetie for the keeping of his cattell where he would , and of playing and singing at his will. ‖ Suffered my cattell . 12 Kine for any kind of cattell . Syn. spec . * To wander [ viz. to leasow or to go where I will. ] 13 Errare ] Syn. Gen. ‖ Sing . 14 L●dere ] Syn. Gen. ‖ Countrey pipe . * What things or what songs . 15 Ca● ] Syn. spec . & Met. Mat. * Reede or straw , viz. on my countrey oaten pipe . f Melib. Replying , telleth him that he did not enuie him , but rather admireth his felicitie , considering what troubles were at Cremona & Mantua and in all the countrey about , by the Romane souldiers , to whom their lands were giuen : whereby the poore inhabitants were driuen out . And he himselfe become very feeble , yet was faine to driue his goates farre off whither he could , to find pasture for them , hauing nothing else left him ; and had one of them so weake as he could hardly drag her after him . ‖ Grudge at or repine against thy happinesse or prosperitie . ‖ I wonder at it with delight . * It is troubled so very greatly , viz. there are so very great troubles amongst vs by the souldiers . 16 Turbatur [ à militibus , 〈◊〉 turbamur . Enal . * In our whole fields , or throughout all our bounds or lands . * See or behold . 17 AEger , ago . Paran . * Sicke [ viz. sorrowfull ▪ pensiue or heauie . ] * Do. 18 Protenus , [ à porr● & tenus . longè vel procul . Adv. loci . * [ My ] litle goates . * Far [ from our coasts ] or being so farre before me that I cannot ouertake them . 19 Ag● , duco Epanod . * And also . g Then giues the reason thereof , for that she had newly eaned vpon a bare flint stone , in stead of some better place of succour , and had there left two twins the hope of repairing his flocke againe . * I leade scarsly this [ goate . ] ‖ Two yong kids . h Afterwards he complayneth of their foolishnesse , that they could not be warned to pre●ent these mischiefes by so many prodigious signes : As hauing seene the oakes smitten with the lightning , which did portend some great euil to come vnto them by the displeasure of the Emperour , as by the thunderbolt of Iupiter himselfe . 20 The oake which sometime ministreth food● to man by the mast of it , was said to be in the protection of Iupiter ; and therefore by this diuination was signified the displeasure of Caesar , to take away their fields , as of Iupiter smiting the oakes . * Enforced her selfe to bring forth , or brought forth erewhile . 21 Coelum pro aere , 〈◊〉 pro tempestate aeris . Metaleps . * Touched ▪ [ viz. ] scorched , or blasted , or smitten with the lightning or thunderbolt . ‖ Out of the aire . ‖ Euill hap . * To f●retell ●s . If we had not bene vnhappie . * Left , foolish . 22 Pr● . Metaph. i Also the Chough chattring from the hollow holme tree on the left hand , which he accounteth another prodigious signe . 23 S●pe , s●pe . Anaph . * The chough , crow , or daw on the left hand . Al. The chough hath foretold vnhappy tidings frō the hollow holme tree , [ or vnhappie things . ] 24 Sinistra cornix the chough sitting on the left hand , [ viz. sitting North when they looked towards the East or Sunne rising ; which they accounted vnluckie . This verse is omitted by sundry interpreters , as none of Virgils , for that it seemes contrary to the diuinations of those times , wherein they tooke this signe to be luckie : vnlesse it be attributed to the sheepheards rudenesse . k Yet seeing there was now no remedy , ●e desireth to know who this god was . ‖ Neuerthelesse . * Giue vs [ viz. shew vs. ] l Tit. Tityrus in stead of answering directly , beginneth sheepheard ▪ like to extoll the citie where that god dwelt : describing it both by the name , & also the greatnesse and state of it , which he amplifieth by his owne foolishnesse : That he was wont to imagine it to be like their citie Mantua , whither they vsed to driue their lambes to sell , but onely that he thought it somewhat bigger . ‖ I foolish sheepheard ‖ Imagined that , that citie which men call Rome , was like this our citie Mantua . 25 Mantua is a little citie in Gallia Cisalpina , where Virgil was borne ▪ * Ar● wont oft times * To put away [ or to driue away to be sold , or to the market ] * The tender yong ones of our sheepe , [ viz ▪ our lambs wained frō their dams . ] m Euen as he had knowne whelpes like the dams , kids like to the goates , & had bene wont thus to compare the greater thing● with lesse . 26 Sic , si● , Anaph . * I had knowne or seene . 27 Canibus catulos . Pa●sia . * To the bitches . * I had knowne . 28 Catul●s , h●dos . Epa●dos . * To their dams . 29 Matribus . Metaph. 〈◊〉 Syn. spec . 30 Noram , sol●bam . Epanal . ‖ With little . n But now he acknowledgeth he saw indeed , that this citie did so far exceed all others in state and greatnesse , * This [ city Rome . ] ‖ Hath so much aduanced [ or lift vp the head aboue [ all ] other cities . * So much . 31 Alias inter . Anastrophe . As the high cypresse trees do the low shrubs . * How much . * Bending or pl●ant , viz. limber . ‖ Bindeweede or shrubs . o Mel. ] Melibeus replying againe , demandeth of him the cause , which made him so desirous to see Rome . 32 Ecquae pro quaenam , more antiquo . * A cause of seeing Rome hath bene to thee . p Tit. ] Whereunto Tityrus answereth , that desire of freedome was the cause , and also hope of recouering his lands , which he there obtained though long before . ‖ Euen liberty [ viz. a desire of liberty . * [ Though it was ] late [ before it came ] * Respected me ] or behold me fauourably . ‖ Sluggish or slouenlike and vnhansome . * Rude and without art . q And not vntill his beard began to be white , viz. that he was growne well in yeares . The sence is , After that my beard began to be white . 33 A white beard , either as the first downe is whitish in many ; or as some imagine by his yeares ; or rather by cares for the losse of his lands ; for that Melibeus calleth him after , fortunate old man. Which speech may yet respect the time to come : what he was like to be . Vid. infrâ . ‖ Yet neuerthelesse [ liberty ] respected me [ viz. I became a free-man . ] * To ●e p●ling [ or barbing ] viz ▪ as the Barber was cutting my beard . r Yet at length he obtained it after long looking and waiting . 34 Respexit tamen ] Epan . ‖ A long time after . s And then he sheweth that since that time that he came in fauour at Rome , he had left Mantua altogether . ‖ Since that I began to be in esteeme at Rome , I left Mantua . * Hath vs. ‖ Mantua . t And also giueth the reason of it : because whilst he was at Mantua he had neither hope of freedome , nor meanes of recouering or increasing his substance . * For. ‖ I will confesse the truth . ‖ Whilst I abode at Mantua , 35 Nec , nec , Anaph . * Was there to me hope of liberty nor care of my substance of estate . 36 A mans substance or goods was called peculium , because of ancient time it consisted chiefly in ca●ell , pecus . u Although there 〈◊〉 many a sacrifice out 〈◊〉 his foulds . * Much sacrifice [ viz. many a lambe was fetched from my foulds for sacrifice . 37 Victima , is properly sacrifice for victory obtained , à victoria . As hostia pro hostibus superandis , a sacrifice for the ouercoming of enemies , viz. in hope to ouercome . 38 Septum à sepio . Syn. Gen. pro ouili . ‖ I made good fat cheeses . And many a good 〈◊〉 cheese went forth of 〈◊〉 dairie to that ●full Mantua . * Pressed . 39 Ingratae ] vnthankful to the sheepheards by whom it was maintained . 40 Vrbi . Syn. Gen. Met. subi . Yet still his purse came empty home . * [ My ] right hand did not returne to me home at any time loaden with money [ viz. I neuer brought any store of mony home for ●ine owne selfe : or for mine owne vse , but euer returned empty handed , 41 Aere ] because in old time they made money of brasse . Met. Mat. x Melibeus againe applauding his happinesse , telleth him that he wondered why his loue Amaryl , so called vpon the gods in such pensiue manner for him . 42 Amarylli ] Apostrophe ad amicam . * Being pensiue ] or sorrowfull , or heauie , as forelorne , or sad . * Didst call . ‖ For whose sake . That he suffered his apples to hang vpon his trees , not regarding to gather them , but pining away with longing after him . * Their owne tree . 43 Tityrus , Tityre , ipse , ipsi , ipsa . Anaph . Polypt . That the pine trees , fountaines , and euen the very groues did seeme to call for him in mourning wise . ‖ Farre away from . ‖ The very water springs . 44 Arbustum is a groue of trees either for fruite or pleasure , or onely for bearing vp vines , to which the vines are said to be married : but chiefly of such trees as beare fruite . y Tityrus answering , sheweth him the cause of his going to Rome , and of his tarrying there so long . For that he could neuer otherwise haue gotten out of seruitude ; nor haue seene the gods , ( meaning the chiefe States of Rome , whom he flatteringly calleth gods , ) in such manner as he now did being present with them , and to haue them so bountifull vnto him . * Was it lawfull for me to go forth from [ or get out of ] seruice or bondage . ‖ The worthy nobles so fauourable and so ready to helpe . z There he telleth him , that he saw moreouer that renowned Augustus whom he made his god : ‖ We offer sacrifice twelue dayes euery yeare , viz. at the Calends of each moneth * That yong man [ or that yong gallant , viz. Augustus Caesar the Emperour who began his Empire very yong . 45 Augustus Caesar the second Emperour of Rome , sonne to Octa●ius a Senator , and Nephew to Iulius Caesar , a wise and mercifull Prince , in whose reigne Christ was borne . To whom he offered sacrifices twelue times euery yeare : From whom he receiued this comfortable answer , as from an Oracle : * To whom . ‖ Cattell . 46 Hic , hic , Anaph . * Requesting [ or making suite vnto him . That he should follow his cattell and his husbandry , enioying them as he did before . 47 Puer is taken properly for a boy , viz as it is opposite to puella a girle . Secondly , it is taken for the childish age , and thirdly , for a seruant or bo●dman which were commonly boyes or yong men : so it is here vsed . * Boyes or lads [ viz. seruants , slaues or drudges ] ‖ Happy old man that thou shalt be ! * As before ▪ 48 Submittite ta●s , q. sub i●ga mittite . * Put vnder [ your ] buls viz. vnder the yoakes , that is , yoake your oxen as before . 49 Fortunate senex ] Melibeus is thought here ●o call him thus in regard of the time to come , that be might liue to be a happy old man. 50 Fortunate , &c. Exclamatio admirationis . ‖ Thou shalt enioy thy grounds or possessions . a Melibeus hereupon breaking out into an exclamation of wondering , calleth him fortunate old man , because he should enioy his possessions and his grounds which were large enough for him , * Therefore ‖ Pastures sufficient for thy cattell . * Countries . ‖ Although it be fenced in with a stone wall & a fenne ditch , or with stonie hils or rocks or marish grounds , & not very great [ or seeing that it is . &c. Albeit they were compassed about with a stone wall & a fen ditch full of bulrushes , and were not very great . ‖ With slimy bulrushes [ viz. with flags growing in the mud . * Compasseth about [ viz. limiteth . ] 51 Limos● i●nco , Syn. spec . sing . proplural . Epan . b Yet hereby he should receiue this benefit ; that his cattell should not be indangered to receiue hurt , by such grounds as they were not acquainted with ; ‖ Al [ Therefore . ] * Vnaccustomed pastures , [ or f●dder , or feeding . * Tain● . 52 Foetas Metony● . adiuncti . Nor by the contagious diseases of other cattell , but might pasture by themselues . * Ill contagions , [ or catching diseases . * Cattell neare vnto thee [ or of the cattell of thy neighbour . ] c And further also admires his fortunate estate , for the pleasures which he should now enioy : That he might spend all his dayes lying at his ease vnder the coole shade , and amongst the knowne riuers of his owne countrey . * Shalt catch oft times here 53 Frigus opacum . Met. adi●ncti . ‖ Betweene Padu● and Mincius which were dedicated to the Nymphes . 54 Sacros propter Nymphas Naiades quibus s●crisunt . d That on the one side he might heare the sweete hūming of bees , feeding continually vppon the palmes of the sallow trees , in the hedges of his neighbours bounds , which would oft ●ull him on sleepe by their pleasant noise . * The shady cold . * From hence [ 〈◊〉 one part . 54 Hybla is a towne of Sicily , and a mountaine neare vnto it , where was store of thime and sallow trees , and so most excellent for bee● . 55 Depasta florem [ h. e. secundum florem , Syn. membri . 56 Hybleis apibus [ Syn. spec . * From the neare bound , ] viz. on the next meere , or in the next fence , or the hedge betweene thee and thy neighbour . * Eaten vpon [ or eaten vp ] alwaies by the bees of Hybla . * According to [ or in regard of ] the palmes , [ or flowers , or bloomes of the sallow trees . ] 57 Salicetum locus salicibu● consitus , & per Sy●copen salictum . * Perswade [ or cause thee . * To go into sleepe , or to sleepe . * Light sound , [ or humming noise . 58 Susurrus is any soft or still noise , as of leaues or branches of trees ; and here of bees , a word fained per ●nomatopeiam . e On the other side he might heare the loppers of trees singing loud to the skies , so as to make the heauens to ring ; as he lay at his ease vnder the rocks . * Fr● hence the lopper of trees [ or corder of wood lopping and shread ●g of the boughes . 59 Frondator [ qui frondes a●putat . * To the blasts [ viz. aloud piercing the skies . * From vnder the hi● rocke [ viz. lying vnder it . ] * Neither yet . 60 Nec , nec , Anaph . And that he might heare the ringdoues singing after their manner , wherein sheepheards take chiefe delight . * Being thy care , [ viz. thy delight , or that in which thou delightest , ] shall ceasse to sing . And likewise the turtles mourning continually in the high elmes . ‖ To sing after her manner as it were mourning . * Aierie elme , viz. the elme tree mounting vp into the aire 61 Aeria Meton . subj . f Tityr . ] Tityrus answering professeth , that in regard of all this happinesse which he enioyed by Augustus , he would neuer forget him ; which he amplifieth by three comparisons of impossibilities , and from the lesse to the greater . ‖ The Hart so light of foote . * Light. 62 Fretum à feruendo , a narrow sea betweene two lands here put for any sea . Syn. memb . or Syn. spec . ‖ Seas . * Shall be fed before , or shall feede , like a common . * Shall forsake or leaue destitute . 1. That the stags should feede in the skie before . * Naked [ viz. vncouered or drie in the shoare or banke of the sea for lacke of water . 2. That the seas should be dried vp , and the fishes dye for lack of water . * Either the Parthian &c. [ viz. The Parthian outlaw [ remaining in Parthia ] shall drinke of the riuer Sagona in France , & the Germaine , &c. or the Parthian being driuen out of his countrey . 63 Antè , antè , Anaph . 64 The Parthian in the Scythian language is said to signifie an outlaw . 3. That the Parthian remaining in Parthia should drinke of the riuer Ara●is in France , and the Germaine in Germanie should drinke of Tigris in Asia , the one of them running into the other , before he would forget him . Or that they being driuen out of their bounds should wander about the farthest places of the earth . 65 Germania pro Germano . Met. subj . Al. The Parthians shall be driuen into Germanie , and the Germanes into Mesopotamia , Friskiline . 66 Tigris a riuer in Asia passing by Mesopotamia , and so running through Armenia . * The bounds of thē both being wandered through [ viz. hauing trauelled about thē both , that is , the Germaine hauing trauelled through all the coasts of the Parthians , and the Parthian of the Germaines . ‖ Before we shall forget him . * Then his countenance shall , &c. g Melibeus contrarily bewaileth the miserable estate both of himselfe , and of the rest of them who were driuen forth , that they should be enforced to flie into all the quarters of the earth , some to Africa Southward ; others into Scythia Northward , others into Creete which he maketh to be in the East ; others into Britaine remote from all the world Westward . * Some [ of vs shall go or wander ] to the thirsty Africanes , [ viz towards the scorching South where Africa lyeth , which is called thirstie in regard of the heate there . 67 Afro● . Syn. spec . Met. Adi . ‖ Come in our trauels into Scythia [ viz towards the cold North. 68 Scythia put ▪ for the North , Syn. spec . Oaxes is thought to be a swift riuer of Mesopotamia towards the East , put for the East part : named here a riuer of Creete , according to the sheepheards skill : or so called because the earth of it is chalkie , as some thinke . ‖ Oaxes towards the East . * To the Britaine 's [ viz. to the furthest parts of the Wes● separated wholly by the seas from the rest of the world [ viz. from the continent or firme land of Europe and Asia . h Afterwards he breaketh out into a new lamentation for the leauing of his houses and grounds , complaining that when he should see them againe after many yeares he should neuer admire them , reioycing in them as he had bene wont . * Behold I seeing euer after a long time the coasts of my countrey : After many years , or a long time after my leauing of them . ‖ Looking vpon or reuiewing . * Some beards or eares of corne : viz. sommers wherein they are ripe . 69 Arista is properly the beard or the ●e of the corne ; taken here first for the whole eare of corne , then the eare for the haruest , where in it is ripe ; the haruest for the sommer ; the sommer for the whole yeare , which make a Metalepsis , viz. many ●ropes in one , thus passing as by degrees from one to another . See Butlers Rhet. * Heaped vp with turfe , viz. couered with tu●fes heaped one on another . ‖ Which is now or was before to me as my kingdome . ‖ Shall I wonder being in loue with it , as in former time ? 70 Regna ] Metap . * Kingdomes . 71 Mirabor pro admirabor . i Thereupon he also bemoneth their lamentable estate , by an exclamation of commiseration : That now the impious souldier should possesse those the● fields so finely husbanded and prepared fo● seede . And that the barbarous stranger should haue their crops of corne . * The vngodly [ viz. wicked or prophane ] souldier , shall he haue these new broken vp grounds so well ordered or tilled , or dressed , [ viz. these fallow fields so well prepared for seede . 72 Novaie , vbi satum f●it , & antequam secunda satione ren●vetur , qui●scit . * The barbarous [ or rude souldier ] or the rude fellow , or the barbarian [ shall he haue ] these standing corne [ viz. these crops of corne ? 73 En quo ] Exclamat● commiserationis . k Thus he proceedeth complaining of their discord whither it had brought them , and for whom they had sowne their fields . ‖ Behold to what a state , contention [ or warre ] hath brought vs the vnhappy inhabitants of Mantua . 74 En , en . Anaph . l Yet after by turning the speech vnto himselfe , he comforts himselfe herein notwithstanding : That he might plant pea●e trees and vines otherwhere . Or rather complaines of his folly in planting . 75 Insere nunc , ] Apostrophe , viz. a turning of the speech to himselfe . ‖ Plantor set peare-trees . * Set vines in order m And then withall speaking to his goates which had in time past bene his chiefe delight , bids them farewell ; lamenting this , that he might not see them any more to feede ( as it were hanging ) vpon the tops of the rocks , like as sometimes he had done , lying vnder them in the greene valleys farre remote . * Go ye , or get ye gone . 76 Ite ] Apostrophe to the goates . ‖ Sometime my happie cattell . 77 Ite , ite . Epan . * I cast downe . ‖ I shall not hereafter lying all along in a greene valley see you as I haue bene wont . * Den or caue . ‖ To hang [ viz. because the goates seeme to hang vpon the steepe rocks whē they feede on them . n He should sing no moe songs following them , neither should they crop the flourishing trifoly , or bitter willowes , or other such like shrubs , as they had bene wont . * No songs or verses . ‖ Eate or brouze vpon the blooming shrubs . 78 Cythisus is a kind of trifoly called tetrifoly , a plant greatly increasing milke , and good against the rot in cattell , taken here for any such kind of hearbe or shrub , good for goates . Syn. sp● . 79 Amaras hominibus , capris su●es . ‖ Sallowes , which are bitter to our taste , though pleasant vnto goates . * Me feeding [ you ] viz. hauing me to tend you , or to follow you , ‖ Not withstanding . o Tityru● here concludeth the dialogue , in●iting Melibe● to tarrie with him all night , and to rest and refresh himselfe ; and that by sundry reasons . Tit. ‖ Stay , tarrie , or abide with me . ‖ Vpon a bed made of tender boughes of trees , or leaues , or flowers , or vpon the soft greene grasse , as sheepheards in that hot countrey vsed . * Vpon a greene leafe . 80 Fronde ] Syn. spec . * There are to vs mellow apples . 1. For the commodiousnesse of his lodging there vpon the greene leaues . * Soft , ripe , or pleasant . * There are ] soft chestnuts [ viz. fully ripe , or very pleasant . * And plenty of pressed milke , [ viz. turned to cheese , or of curds and creame . 2. Because he had good prouision to giue a sheepheard entertainement , both of mellow apples , ripe chestnuts , & of curds and creame and cheese enough . ‖ The chimneyes of the townes and farmes about do smoke as toward supper time . 3. For that it now 〈◊〉 towards night , which 〈◊〉 setteth out and amplifieth by the smoking of chimneyes , the increasing of the shadowes of the hils both in length and greatnesse , as they are wont to do toward● the euening . ‖ The shadowes waxing bigger do shew it to be neare tonight . For the nearer it is to the Sunne setting , the greater the shadowes are . * To whom the name is [ viz , which hath the name Alexis . ‖ A sheepheard called Corydon . * Being taken or caught with the loue of the lad Alexis [ viz. being exceedingly affectioned to him : * Pretermitteth nothing of those things [ viz. ouerslippeth no oportunitie or meanes . ] * Appertaine or belong . * To stroke softly [ viz. to win by smoothing or flattery , or to intice . ] ‖ To gaine from him mutuall loue [ viz. to cause Alexis to loue him ●gaine . ] * Vnderstandeth himselfe , neither to profit any thing . * Flatteries or alluring words . * Or by his little gifts or presents . * Returning to himselfe [ viz. be thinking himselfe better . * Madnesse . * That he must returne [ viz. to returne . ] * To the intermitted [ or omitted ] care [ viz. the care which for a time he had left off . ] * Of his houshold estate or matters belonging to his family or domesticall businesse . ‖ Cast off or remoue , or put away , or driue away . * Tediousnesse [ viz. wearinesse or griefe . ] ‖ Vnfortunate loue . * Grow or spring . * And [ viz. and indeed or and also . ] * We take [ viz. vnderstand ] Virgil by Corydon . * Beleeue [ viz. may giue credit to . ] * By Alexis [ we vnderstand ] Alexander the boy of Pollio ▪ [ vnder the name of Alexis is meant , &c. ] * Whom he receiued of him [ viz. of Pollio ] after for a gift [ or a reward ] viz. bestowed vpon him freely . * Corydon a sheepheard : * Burned [ viz. was inflamed with the loue of faire Alexis : [ or ●ehemently loued : ‖ Beautifull or well fauoured Alexis : * Delights or dainties [ viz. the onely solace of his maister . * Neither could he haue what he might hope : [ viz. yet he obtained not any thing but onely a vaine hope of him . * Continually [ viz. vsually or very often , or day by day . * Being shadie tops [ viz. broade & spreading , and so making a shade with their tops . ‖ He reuolued , or rolled , or vainely vttered . * [ Verses ] [ viz. rimes or words ] ill set together , or ill composed or disordered . * With a vaine study [ viz. vainely or all in vaine . ] * Thou carest for nothing or not at all [ viz. thou carest not for . * Verses . ‖ Thou hast no compassion of me . * To conclude . * Thou compellest me to die [ viz. thou killest my heart . ] Al. Thou wilt compell [ viz. cause me to die or hasten my death . ] * Also the cattell or the very cattell : * Do endeauour or seeke to take the shades and colds , [ viz. shadie and coole places or the shady cold . * The bushes of thornes , [ viz. thorny places or shrubs ] also do hide ‖ serpents like newtes . a Thestylis a countrey woman , Syn. spec . * Doth stampe [ or pun ] together garlicke and wilde thime being strong smelling hearbes . ‖ Wilde betany smelling like wilde marioram , or wilde thime . ‖ Mowers or haruest men . * With the snatching heate , [ viz. the violent or vehement heate . Al. But [ yet ] the groues [ or thickets ] do resound [ my songs ] with me , [ together ] with hoarse grashoppers , whilst I spie on euery side , thy footsteps vnder the burning Sunne . * Do sound backe as the echo , [ or do giue an echo . ‖ With hoarse singing grashoppers , or grashoppers singing hoarsly vnder the scorching heate . * I go about to seeke or view euery way . ‖ The treadings or prints of thy feete . * Hath it not , &c. ‖ Abide or endure . b Tristes iras , ] Met. Effecti . * The sorrowfull angers , [ viz. the frowning lookes . * Disdaines . * Whether or no Menalcas ? [ viz. were it not better to loue Menalcas , or to endure Menalcas to frowne vppon me , or to disdaine me . ‖ Foule , or at least not so faire , or of a swart colour . * White [ viz. beautifull . ‖ O well fauoured youth . * Colour [ viz. fairenesse . ] c Ligustra [ Met. subj . pro floribus ligustri . * The white priuet or prime-print : ‖ Fall downe and are lost . ‖ Violets of purple colour , near● to blacke , [ or blacke hurtle berries , or bramble berries ] are gathered . ‖ Thou despisest me , and askest not after me . ‖ Scorned . Al. How rich I am in cattle , how plent●us in milke as white as snow . ‖ What my wealth and state 〈◊〉 . * Of snow-white cattell , viz. in sheepe hauing their wooll as white as driuen snow , which he accounts most excellent . * How abounding of milke [ I am . ] ‖ I haue a thousand ewe lambs [ viz. which are most excellent for breede . * Stray or wander , viz. feede at liberty where they will. * In the Sicilian mountaines . * New milke [ ● not wanting to me ] in Sommer , neither is it lacking in the cold [ viz. in Winter . ] ‖ I sing the same songs , &c. * If at any time [ viz. whensoeuer he gathered together his heards or flockes of cattell . d Armenta are heards of greater cattell . * In the hill Aracinthus butting on the shoar● , or being neare to Athens , for so also the word Actctaeus may be taken . ‖ Hard fauoured . e He speaketh after the manner of sheepheards , who in stead of a glasse vse oft times to behold themselues in the water . * In the shoare [ viz. as I stood vpon the sea shoare , I saw my shadow in the water . ] ‖ Banke or side . ‖ Was calme [ viz. quiet , not stirred by the winds . ‖ To compare with Daphnis ‖ for beauty , though thou thy selfe be iudge ‖ Likenesse , or counterfeit , or image . ‖ Beguile vs. * Oh that onely it may like [ or lift ] thee to inhabite the countries base [ or homely ] to thee [ but pleasant vnto me ] with me , [ or to inhabite with me : * And to inhabite [ our ] low cotages . * And to fasten in the ground , [ or to driue do●e ] forked stakes , [ or as some thinke , to s●ite through [ viz. to kill ] stags or harts . f Cer●i are taken for forked props like harts hornes , to hold vp their little sheepheards houses . ‖ To the greene marsh-mallowes or water mallowes , for so some take hibiscus . g Viridi hibisco , for , ad viridem hibiscum . * Bulrush . * Thou shalt imitate Pan , [ that is , euen Pan himselfe . ] h Pan is called the god of sheepheards , because as the Poets say , he ordained first the sheepheards life , & was most excellent in such musicke as the sheepheards vse . * In singing together with me . ‖ Pan deuised piping , or the sheepheards pipe . * Appointed or ordained . ‖ Diuers or sundry reedes . ‖ Pan is the Protector both of sheepe and sheepheards . ‖ To haue put a pipe to thy lip [ or to thy mouth . ] * Thy little lip with a reede . ‖ Trie or assay . ‖ That he might learne this ●kill of piping . * These same things . * There is to me a pipe compact [ or framed ] of seuen vnlike hemlocks , [ viz. hollow stalkes of hemlocks or reeds , whereof each was bigger then other in order , both in greatnesse and in sound . * Gaue me for a gift or for a iewell . * This [ pipe . ] * The second [ maister , viz. thou art the second possess●r of this pipe . ‖ E●ied , [ viz. that I should h● this pipe . * There are to me moreouer two kids [ or yong wilde goates or roes , ] found of me in no safe valley [ or place , or not without some perill ] their skins also being sprinkled with white [ viz. full of little white spots , like stars , or of diuers colours white and blacke . * They drie [ or sucke dry ] either of them two teates of a sheepe [ viz. either of them anewe ] in a day , or sucke twise a day . * Which [ kids . ] * Intreateth [ or desireth ] now of late , [ or a good while ago . ] * To leade [ or haue them ] away , [ viz. that she might haue them . * She shall do it . ‖ Thou esteemest so basely of our gifts . * Are so base to thee [ or with thee . ] ‖ Come hither oh welfauoured youth . ‖ Loe or see . i Nympha is properly a new maried wife , a Nymph : here by the Nymphes are meant goddesses of the medowes or woods . Amongst the heathens they were taken for goddesses haunting riuers , trees , mountaines , medowes , or the like . ‖ Baskets full of lillies . * White or faire Nais . k Nais is taken for one of the Nymphes or Fairies haunting the riuers and fountaines . * Cropping . * The heads [ or tops ] of poppies for thee . * Ioynes [ or knits together ] * Primrose peerelesse , or flower ▪ deluce as some will. * Auisse . * Weauing them in or making garlands of them . ‖ Cassia is commonly taken for Cinamon , here it is taken for a kind of hearbe . * Paints [ or sets pleasantly ] soft violets with the yellow marigold . ‖ With yellow marigolds . * Hoarie apples with a tender downe [ or cotten ] [ meaning quinces being hoary . ] ‖ Especially commended . * I will adde , or adioyne : or put to them . ‖ Plums as soft as waxe , or fine yellow plums . * And honour shall be also to this apple , [ viz. this apple shall be set by for his fairenesse , ] or this quince by Synecd . or plum by a Metamor . * And o● ye lawrels , I will crop [ or plucke ] you . * Thou next mirtle [ viz. next to the lawrell in sweetnesse . ‖ I will plucke branches from thee also . * So put [ or set in order . ] * Do mixe or mingle . * A rusticke or rude fellow . * Neither can Iôlas grant [ viz. suffer himselfe to be ouercome of thee by gifts . ] l Iolas was another ▪ sheepheard which stroue for the 〈◊〉 of Alexis . * What would I to me poore wretch , [ viz. what meant I poore wretch . * Lost [ or vndone , or vtterly cast away or out of hope . * Sent in . * Liquid [ 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 ] 〈◊〉 , 〈◊〉 cleare waters . ‖ Mad youth . ‖ Dwelt in . m Paris the sonne of Pri●mus king of Troy , descended from Dard● the sonne of Iupiter & Electrae , which Dardanus was the first builder of Troy , calling it with the countrey where it stood , Dardania . * Pall●s her selfe let her inhabite , [ viz. delight in the towers or castles which her selfe hath built . ‖ Content vs best . * Before all other things . ‖ Fell , fierce or terrible . * Follow [ in chase . ‖ The lasciui●us or ranke yong goate . * His owne pleasure draweth euery one , [ viz. euery one followes his owne delight . * Bring backe the plowes , [ viz. the ●mes [ or plowes ] come home . * To the yoake . * Departing , [ viz. going downeward . ‖ Increasing longer and bigger . ‖ Although the heate of the Sunne 〈◊〉 , yet the 〈◊〉 of my loue 〈◊〉 increased . * Can be to loue . * Taken , viz. ouertaken thee . * There is to thee a vine . * In an elme tree full of boughes or leaues . * Thou doest prepare rather . * To wea●e or plot something . * Of those things whereof neede requireth . * With twigs and a soft bulrush . ‖ Loue. * Disdaine thee , [ or despise th●e . ] * Which is ●tituled ] Palemon ▪ * Menalcas and Dametas being sheepheards , first do striue by mutuall taunts [ or reproches or scoffes ] betweene themselues . * Forthwith [ or anon ] Palemon coming betweene [ as ] a iudge , * they dispute [ or debate the contention for victorie , ] ‖ A song [ or rime ] answered by turnes , viz. first by one , then the other . * Either [ or both of them ] is made [ or found ] equall . ‖ Iudgement . * Dametas tell me whose cattell [ is it ? ] or are they ? a Pe● , ●men collectinum pro grege . * Whether [ is it , or whether are they the cattell ] of Melibeus ? [ or Melibeus flocke ? ] * But [ they are the cattell ] of Egon . * Deliuered [ them ] to me [ to keep ] or to 〈◊〉 te●ding . b O●is for o●es . Sy●ecd . speci● , sing●l . pro plur . O semper 〈◊〉 ] 〈◊〉 . Al. O the cattell [ or flocke ] of sheepe alwayes vnhappie . ‖ I 〈◊〉 himselfe the maister . * Cherish [ or make much of , or seek● to win the loue of ] Neera . * To himselfe . ‖ Keeping or tending another man● cattell . c Succ● is the naturall moisture that a healthfull bodie receiueth from the meate . * Iuyce or moisture is drawne away , * To [ viz ▪ from the cattell . * Milk [ is drawne away or withdrawne ] to the lambes . * These things to be obiected more sparingly to men . ‖ To such as I am . * Who you . Ellipsis . Al. Al. The corners of your eyes looking awrie [ or ouerthwartly ] viz. when you looked a squint . ‖ Disdaining . d Transuersa pr● transuersim , Adiecti●m pr● Aduerbi● . ‖ Thou hadst the Nymphes f●ourable , which did not straightway be●ray thee , but onely smile at thee . * Easie to be pacified . ‖ Spoile . * The groue of Mycon . e Arbust● is 〈◊〉 such a groue o● ▪ trees , ●s where 〈◊〉 grow vp by trees . * Cut , or cut off ▪ viz. thee●ishly . * Very new or yong . ‖ A bad vinehooke ▪ [ viz. marring the vines , or a hooke thee●ishly vsed . * Or [ who saw thee ] here , [ or they smiled at thee here . ‖ Beeches . ‖ Daphnis bow and arrowes or shafts . * Per●erseor froward Menalcas . * Grieuedst for [ viz. didst repine at with e●ie . * And thou wouldst haue died if thou hadst not hurt him some way . ‖ Thou wouldest haue burst with anger . * What the maisters shall do when theeues dare aduenture such things ? ‖ Theeuish seruants dare be bold to do [ or attempt ] such things , or play such pranks . * Thou worst [ or vile fellow . ] * To catch by craft the he-goate of Micon [ or Micons gelded goate . ] * His wolfe-dog [ or band-dog ] barking much [ or loud . ] f Lycisca a dog bred of a wolfe & a bitch , with which they vsed to keepe their flocks . * I cried . * Doth he snatch away [ viz. get or conuey himselfe so speedily ] or whither trudgeth he ? ‖ Ho Tityrus , looke to thy cattell : thou hid'st thy selfe behind the flags or sheere-grasse . * Thou l●yest hid . * Whether he being ouercome in singing , should not restore [ or giue . ] ‖ In our triall for maistery in singing and piping . * Which my pipe had deserued by [ my verses , [ viz. which I had wonne by piping and singing . ‖ The reward of my victorie . * Himselfe to be able to restore [ him ] viz. the goate . * [ Deseruedst ] thou [ or didst thou win ] him by singing [ viz. thou so vnskilfull , of him so skilfull . * Or was there euer to thee a pipe ioyned [ or set together ] with waxe , [ viz. any pipe that was ought worth ? * Oh vnlearned [ viz. thou rude fellow . ] * To lose altogether for nothing ] viz. to play for nothing , as those do whom none regard . * Miserable [ or sory or silly ] song [ or verse . ] * With a whizzing or hissing stubble . * In places where three wayes meet , [ viz. in the comr●on high wayes , or where country fellowes vse to meete , or sitting by the high way side . * Therefore wilt thou [ that ] we trie by experience . ‖ One after another . * Both [ or both each after other . ‖ I wil play with thee for this heis●r . * I put downe , viz. will stake downe or lay for gage . ‖ Flinch , or despise the wager [ or offer ] any way . ‖ She is milked twise [ in a day . ] * She nourisheth two young ones with her vdder [ or paps , viz. with the milke in her vdder . ] * Say thou , or tell me . * Thou mayest striue , viz. trie for the maistery is playing with me . * Lay downe [ or stake downe , viz. play for ] with thee . * Lay downe [ or stake downe , viz. play for ] with thee . * Any thing of [ my ] flocke , or from my flocke . * And for [ or , and why ] ‖ They straightly count all my cattell that I cannot play for any one , but it will be missed . * For there is a seuere or straight father to me , there is an vniust [ or hard stepmother . * Do number [ or count [ our ] cattell twise in a day . * And one of them [ tels ] the kids . ‖ Which were cunningly carued by that excellent or famous workman Alcimedon . ‖ Excelling or most skilfull . * ( Because [ or sith that ] it l●steth thee to be mad , [ viz. that thou darest thus chalenge me ▪ or thou art disposed to be so lustie . g Tornu● ] is a toole or instrument with which Turners vse to make things round . * Greater then thy heifer by much . * [ To wit ] Conon , [ viz. the picture of Conon . ] * To which a limber vine added aboue [ it ] with an easie [ or fine cutting . ] turning toole . h Conon a famous Egyptiā Mathematiciā . The Poet brings in the shepherd speaking thus rudely , as most 〈◊〉 his ignorāce . * Doth clothe [ or co●er ] the iuie berries spread [ or scattered ] abroad with a pale [ or wa● ] iuie . * The other man. * Signes [ viz. images grauen [ or carued . ‖ The famous Mathematician , who hath po●rtrayed or set out in tables the whole world , to wit , Archimedes , or as some thinke , Hipparchus , or some other . i Radius is here taken for an instrument with which Geometricians vse to measure , as the Iacobs staffe , or the like : so called for the proportion it hath to the Sun beame , which radius signifieth more properly . * Geometricall instrument . * [ Who also hath described [ viz set out to the capacitie of the h●bandman ] ‖ The times both of sowing and haruest . * The reaper or mower should haue . k The plow man is called crooked , because they commonly go crooked or sto●ping in holding the plow. * Neither yet haue I moued [ my ] lips to them but keepe them layed vp . l Put my lips to them , for , put them to my lips ▪ Hypa●age . ‖ Drunke in them [ or so much as put them to my lips . * And the same Alcimedon hath made two cups for vs [ also ▪ ] * And embraced [ or compassed them ] about the stoukes , viz. eares or handles . * Soft bearefoot● . * And hath set Orpheus , &c. m Orpheus a notable Poet cunning on the harpe , whom the Poets faine to haue bene able by his excellent musick to draw wilde beasts , woods and mountaines after him . ‖ Following [ him ] viz. dancing after his musicke . * Keepe [ them ] layed vp . ‖ If thou compare them to my heifer , or in regard of the heifer . * There is nothing , [ viz they are not to be compared to my heifer . ‖ Brag of . * Thou shalt ne●er sti● away to day . ‖ To what place , or to what iudge soeuer . ‖ At least let euen him that comes , heare these things [ viz. our verses . ] ‖ [ Our neighbour ] Palemon who comes . * I will make that thou neuer prouoke any man hereafter in voice [ or by thy voice , [ viz. that thou darest not . * But go to [ or begin . ] ‖ Any thing worth the hearing . * Stay. * Do I flie or shrinke from any man. * [ See that ] thou lay vp these things in thy lowest [ or deepest ] senses , [ viz. marke diligently the skill of it seuerally . ‖ Wager , or matter of our contention . * Say ye [ or speake ye , viz. sing ye . ] * In the soft her be . * Euery field [ bringeth forth ] now euery tree brings forth or buds . * Beare leaues . * The yeare [ viz. time of the yeare , is in the fairest hu● . * Dametas begin thou . ‖ By mutuall courses [ viz. by turnes . n Camoenae the ●ine Muses . * First the one ▪ then the other . ‖ I will begin my song from Iupiter , viz. by calling vpon and honouring Iupiter , that I may haue better successe : or of Iupiter . * Full of Iupiter , [ viz. of Iupiters diuine power . * He inhabites [ or loues to inhabite ] the earths or lands . * My verses [ are ] a care , [ viz. of speciall regard ] to him , o Phoebus a name of Apollo ▪ frō the brightnes of the Sun , which the Poets call Phoebus . * His owne , [ or the proper gifts to Phoebus , [ viz. the gifts peculiar to Apollo ] are alwayes with me . * [ To wit ] bay trees , and Hyacinthus sweetly red . [ Or thus , Lawrels and Hyacynthus pleasantly red ▪ being the proper gifts to Apollo , are euer with me . p Hyacinthus is taken by some for a purple flower which we call Crowtoes , by others for the red lilly . ‖ Galatea my louer . ‖ Nice or toying . * Seekes [ viz. throwes at me ] with an apple . * Flies . ‖ Behind the willowes or sallowes . * And she desireth her seife to be seene before , [ viz. whereby she shew●s her loue to me . ] ‖ Meets me . * That not euen Delia is now better knowne . ‖ Delia a name of Diana , to wit , the hunting Goddesse . * Gifts are gotten [ of me ] for my Venus . * I my selfe haue noted [ viz ▪ obserued ] the place whither the airie stockdoues [ viz. building in the aire or abroad ] haue caried or heaped together [ their nests . ] q Palu●bes seeme to be called aër●ae , because they build and haunt in trees and in the woods ▪ and not in houses as the pigeons . ‖ Ringdoues or stockdoues . * Boy , viz. Amyntas . * I haue bene able [ to get . ] * [ To wit ] ten golden apples [ viz. orenges . * Gathered or picked out of a tree belonging to the wood or wilde . * And what things hath Galatea spoken to vs ? * O ye winds [ I wish ] that ye carry [ or see that you carry . ] or ye may carrie . * What doth it profit [ me ] viz. what am I the better . ‖ Contemne [ or thinke basely of me . * M●nd . * If I keepe the nets whilest , &c. * Followest after in chase , viz. huntest or chasest . ‖ I onely keepe the nets , and enioy thee not further ? q Iolas is said to be a name of Menalcas . * Send Phyllis to me . ‖ I now celebrate my birth day . r Vpon their birth-dayes they vsed yearly to feast for a remembrance thereof . * When I shall make with a yong heifer [ viz. shall sacrifice a heifer . s This sacrifice was called Sacrificium Ambervalle , because it was first led about the fields , and then sacrificed to Ceres . ‖ Corne. * Before other [ loues or maids . * Me to depart , [ viz. ‖ When I departed [ forth of the citie ] or to thinke that I should depart . * Oh faire Iolas , a long farewell [ be to thee ] farewell . t The first Vale is here put as a word of art , and so a Nowne substantiue newter vndeclined . u The last vale hathe short and vncut off by a Grecisme . * Sorrowfull or grieuous , viz. terrible or horrible . x Stabulum a staule or place where beasts stand . The generall name of all places where cattell abide . * The showres [ are a dreadful thing ] to the ripe corne , viz. corne when it is full ripe . The winds [ are horrible ] to the trees : the angers of Amaryllis [ are grieuous ] to vs. [ viz. Amaryllis displeasure or lowring . * Fields sowne , [ viz. lately sowne . y The Seruice is a tree bearing fruite much like to cheries or haw● * Arbute [ is pleasant ] * Kids put from their dams . ‖ Sallow or ozier . * [ Is pleasant ] or delight some . ‖ Pleaseth , or delighteth me . * Muse , [ viz. verse . ‖ Homely or vnpolished . z Picrides ] the Muses were called Pierides for the pleasantnesse and solitarinesse of the h●l Pierius for students . Like as they had sundry other names of other hils and fountains . ‖ For him that shall reade your verses , viz. for Pollio . * And euen Pollio himselfe . ‖ Stately heroicall verses , which were w●nt to haue a bull for their praemium . * S●ake , viz. ●ub or push . * Sprinkle abroad , or cast about , or throw about . ‖ Attaine that dignitie . * Whither he reioyceth [ thee to haue come also . * Let hony flow to him , [ viz. let him haue plentie of all good things , [ or , I wish he may haue . ] ‖ Sharpe or prickie . ‖ ●ush or shrub . ‖ Rose of Ierusalem , or our Ladies gloues . * Hates not . * He that hates not Bauius , let him loue thy verses [ or songs . ] * And let the same man [ that is delighted with thy verses . ] * Ioyne [ or tie ] foxes [ to the plow. [ viz. let him do th●se things which are most absurd . ‖ Children . * Oh ye boyes or lads . * Growing . * Flie ye from hence . * A cold snake lieth hid , [ viz. a venemous snake . The snake is called cold , because he makes the part cold which is bitten or stung by it . * Al. Ye sheepe spare [ viz. be afraid ] to go forward too farre . * Spare . * [ Your ] sheep to go too far [ towards the brinke [ of the riuer ] it is not trusted well to the banke [ viz. it is not safe trusting the banke . * Fleeces . a Rei●ce capellas . Pe● pro celeusmaticu● ex quatuor breuibu● . pro dactylo . or rather by a Syn●resis , reice capellas . * Cast away [ viz driue far away ] thy litle goates seeding [ or pasturing * I my selfe . ‖ Euery one . ‖ Spring . * Shall be . * [ Ye ] boyes . ‖ The scorching heate of the mid day . * Catch before . * Presse hard in vaine [ in milking ] [ their ] paps with the palmes of our bands . * Alas how leane a bull is to me in fat pulse , [ or in a fat field , [ or ranke pasture . b Ar●o , some reade er●o . Er●um is a kind of pulse good to fat cattell in a short space . * A destruction . * To the maister of the cattell . * Neither certainly loue is the cause * To these [ sheepe ] viz. loue is not the cause of their l●nnesse . * [ Their skins ] scarce cleaue to [ their ] bones [ for lacke of flesh . ] * I know not . ‖ What witch with her malicious eie , * Bewitcheth my tender lambes [ to me ] c This is vnderstood of a chimney , and thus propounded to make it more darke . * Earths , or lands , or grounds . ‖ Compasse of heauen , viz. the heauen * Lieth open [ or extends it selfe ] three elnes . ‖ And I will esteeme of thee as of the oracle of Apollo . d Apollo had principally the power of diuining and declaring obscure matters . e By the flowers are thought to be meant Hyacinthus , or the red lilly , so named of Hyacinthus being slaine , & turned into a flower of his name , hauing as it were the first letter of his name written vpon ●t , whereof we may see the fable in the 10. book of Ou●ds Met. For both these riddles see Ramus comment . * Written on [ or intituled [ according ] to the names of kings , [ viz. wherein are written names of kings ] ‖ And then if thou tell me this , take thee Phyllis as thine owne , for whom we contended before . * And thou alone haue Phyllis . * It is not of vs , viz. in our power or abiliti● . Al. Thus some take the speech to be diuided after Non ▪ nostrum inter vos , &c. Al. No , [ it is not your office , but ] it is ours to compose so great controuersies , viz. I to end so great a contentiō . ‖ In my iudgement both of you haue deserued the heifer , [ viz. the wager first offered . ] Palemon speaking of being afraid of sweete loue , seemes to aliude to those verses of Menalcas , Dulce satis humor , &c. and to speake it for Menalcas cause : and of the b●ter loue for Dametas , who had said , Tris●e ●upus stabulis . * Either shall feare sweete loues , or shall trie by experience bitter [ loues . * Ye boyes shut now [ your ] * riuers , &c. viz. we haue had sport enough , now make an end . * A sonne is borne to Asinius Pollio Captaine of the Germaine armie , the same yeare in which he conquered Salone a citie of Dalmatia , whom he called Saloninus , from the name of the citie taken . a Those things which Sibyl prophecied concerning Christ , Virgil turneth and applieth to Saloninus Pollios sonne now borne ; and to the felicitie of Augustus gouernment . * The Poet singeth a Genethliacum to him [ viz. maketh a Poeme of his natiuitie and future hopes , ] in this Eclogue , wresting thither those things which Sibyl had sung of the future felicitie of the golden age . ‖ Incidently or vpon occasion . ‖ Intermingleth or putteth betweene here and there . ‖ Father of Salonicus . * Of Augustus himselfe . ‖ Ye Muses , or ye Goddesses of Sicil● viz. of Theocritus . b Sicelides , casus graecanicus pro Sicilienses . * Let vs sing greater things by a litle , [ viz. let vs handle an argument somewhat more stately or loftie then our Pasiorals , and so writtē in a stile somewhat more loftie , as two other Eclogues are . * Groues of trees , or thickets , or bushe● and shrubs , [ viz. verses of such base matters . * Wilde Tamariske . ‖ All are not delighted in such base matters as our pastorall songs are . * All [ men . ] ‖ Our pastorals . * May be worthy of a Consull [ viz. not vnmeete or vnbeseeming a Consull . c The iron age ▪ wherof Sibyl the Prophetesse of Cuma writ long before , is now come and gone . * Of the Cumean verse [ or song ] viz. wherof Sibyl of Cuma writ in verse ] or foretold . * Hath come now , and is as it were past . d The foure ages of the world ( which Sibyl is said to haue set out by foure kind of mettals , viz the golden , siluer , brazen , and iron age , wherof see Ouid in his Metamorphosis ) are now beginning again . * Is borne from the whole , [ viz. is begun or restored againe anew , as it was from the very first beginning of the world , [ or is renewed . ] e [ Now ] viz. now that Saloninus is borne . * The virgin also doth returne [ to the earth ] to wit , iustice being banished long before and gone to heauē . f Virgo ] by virgo here may seem to be meant the virgin Ma● bearing our Sauior , thogh the Poet take it for Erigone or Astraea , which as the Poets faine , was the last of these , which went to heauen , being placed among the hea uenly signes . * Kingdomes returne . [ viz. the golden age wherin Saturne first reigned . * Now [ that ] new progenie [ viz. whereof Sibyl spake ] is sent downe from the high heauen . ‖ Issue . ‖ From God. g Lucina ] Diana , who is therfore named Lucina , because she and Iuno are said to bring forth the birth into the light . ‖ Preserue . * The child being now in the birth , [ or to be now presently borne . ] * Who [ being safely borne ] [ or , who liuing and being in saf●tie ] * Nation [ or people ] shall end first . * Shall arise in the whole world . ‖ Caesar Augustus the true Apollo of this age . h By Apollo he meaneth Augustus the Emperour , who was as it were the Apollo of that age , hauing then the chiefe Empire of all the world . Or because he was thought to be descended from Apollo . Apollo and Diana being the children of Iupiter by Latona . ‖ And thus . * This renowne [ or honour ] of the age , viz. this golden age . ‖ Shall first begin . * Thee [ being Consull ] I say ] thee being Consull . i By the great moneths are either meant Iuly and August , which before were called Quintilis and Sextilis , and had not yet taken their names of Iulius and Augustus , to maintaine the memorie in their names : or else thereby are vnderstood the moneths of the great yeare , wherein all the starres should returne to their first placing or constitution . * To proceed [ or go forward . * Thee being Captaine or guide . * Footsteps , tracks , or traces , or remainders . ‖ [ Of the ciuill warres by Augustus , viz. ] the punishments and plagues due vnto vs for our former wickednes * Made voide or frustrate [ viz. purged . ‖ Deliuer all nations . ‖ From feare of vengeance , which was continuall before . * He [ viz. Augustus , or Saloninus Pollios sonne . ‖ Liue as a God , or be made a God. ‖ Worthy Nobles of Rome . * Mixed [ or mingled ] with the Gods. * And he himselfe shall be seene to them . k This he vnderstandeth of Augustus Caesar , that he should thus gouerne the world , subdued and quieted by Iulius Caesar his father , by whom he was adopted . * Rule the [ whole ] world being quieted * By his fathers vertues . ‖ Brought to quietnesse by the valour and wisedome of his father . l These things which follow , the Poet meaneth of Saloninus , whose infancie he maketh the infancie of the golden age , wherein all good things should begin to abound of their owne accord . * But , oh child , [ viz. oh Salo●ine ] the earth shall powre out vnto thee her first litle gifts with no tillage [ or dressing ] viz. of her owne accord . * Erring [ or wandring ivies . ] * Some call it Nardus rusticus : others , Sage of Ierusalem , others London buttons . * And [ it shall powre forth ] Egyptian beanes , &c. * Smiling bearefoote . * The litle goate themselues shall be take [ them ] home [ or bring backe [ themselues ] home , referent [ se ] domum . * Or the litle goates shall bring home their vdders [ or dugs or teates ] stret●ed out with milke [ or filled with milke . * Neither shall the heards of cattell feare , &c. ‖ Fierce or cruell Lions . ] * Great Lions , [ viz. * The cradles themselues shall powre out to thee fawning [ or flattering , viz. sweete ] flowers . [ That is , in the time of thy infancie shall be all pleasant delights . * Also . * Die. * And the deceitfull herbe of venim [ or poison ] shall die , viz. all euill shall depart , as venimous herbs & serpents . * The rose of Ierusalem [ or our Ladies Rose , or the Grape of Armenia , [ viz. all kind of most excellent plants shall spring vp in all countries . m Here Saloninus youth and first yeares are decribed by his studies and acts , and in it a second degree of the golden age by the adiuncts of it , viz. abundance of all good things . * Commonly . * But as soone as th● shalt be able now to reade the praises of noble men , [ viz. men noble for the loue of vertue , which were reputed halfe Gods. * And the deeds of thy parent , [ viz. his renowned acts . ‖ To vnderstand true and heauenly vertue . * Vertue . n Campu● pro arisr● campi flaues●ent . Hypallage . ‖ The tender eares of corne shall wax yellow in the fields by litle and litle of their owne accord . * With the soft beard of corne . The beard being put for the eare in the corne , and so for the whole corne , and finally for many cornes . Metalepsis . * And the red grape shall hang vpon the great brambles vnhusbanded [ or vntrimmed , or not cut ] but wilde . * Sen●is is the great blamble or blacke berry bush . ‖ Shall drop . * Dewy hony [ viz hony made of the dew of heauen [ shall hang vpon the oakes ] or hony falling with the dew . o A third degree of the golden age followeth . * Yet a few footsteps of the old deceit [ or fraud , or wickednesse ] shall be vnder [ or continue closely . * Old ] viz. of the former ages . ‖ Inforce men to go to sea through couetousnes , or to vse nauigation again . p Thetys a Goddesse of the sea , wise of Neptune , put for the s●a . Met. 〈◊〉 . * Which [ prints ] * Floatboates or lighters made of peeces of timber pinned together for a shift . * Which [ may command ] to compasse &c. * Which may command to cut in furrowes to the earth , [ viz. to plow or tre●h the earth . q Tiphys was a notable shipwright , and gouernour of the ship which caried the noble Grecians into Colchis . * Then there shall be another Tiphys , &c. [ viz. other notable shipwrights and mariners . Syn. spe . * Argo was a famous ship , wherein Iaso● and 54 chosen nobles of Greece sailed to Colchis , [ here put for other excellent ships . ] ‖ New warres . * Great [ or worthy ] Achilles shall be sent , &c. ‖ There shall be valiant souldiers and renowned warres againe . Syn. spec . * From hence [ or afterwards ] when [ thy ] confirmed age [ or age confirmed , viz thy ●iper àge shall make thee a man. * The very carier [ by sea ] [ or ●e that is car●ed . ] * Shall giue place to the sea . * Neither the pine tree belonging to ships [ or seruing to make ships ] shall change her wares . Al. The conquerour by sea . * Euery earth shall beare [ or bring forth ] all things ▪ viz all things shall grow euery where abundantly . r Na●tiça pinus pro ●aui , nauis pro nautis . Metalepsis . * Suffer or endure . * Harrowes , [ viz. rakes , or any thing wherewith the cl●ds are broken . ] * The vineyard [ shall ] not [ suffer ] the hooke , viz the vinehooke . * Strong or lastie pl●wer [ or husband man. ] * The wooll shall learne to lie [ viz. to make shew of , or be coloured into ] diuers colours , that is , it shall not need to be died . * N●w [ or one while ] shall change his fleeces with [ or into ] a purple colour sweetly red : now [ or another while ] he shall change 〈◊〉 fleeces ] with a saffarnish [ or saffron coloured ] yellow . ‖ Shall vnyoke his buls [ or oxen ] viz shall leaue off his husbandrie , for that there shall be no need thereof . L●tum is an herbe wherewith yellow is died : some take it for the marsh marigold . s Murex is a shel-fish , of the licour whereof purple is made , here put for the purple colour it selfe . t Cro●o luto for luteo ●roco . ‖ A fine red colour shall adorne [ or beautifie ] of it owne accord the feeding lambes , viz. the sheepe shall change their colours of their owne accord . u Sand● is a colour called Pa●se-red or Arsenick , made of Ceruse or white lead and rudd●e , taken here for an herbe . x Parcae are the three Ladies of destinie , Clotho , Lachesis and Atropos , whereof the first is said to beare the distaff ▪ the second to spin the thread of mans life , the third to cut off the same thread , according to that verse ▪ Fert Clotho ipsa colum , Lachesis net , at Atropos occat . Called Parcae , à non parcendo , quia nomini parcant ; or a par●u , qua●i partae , because they conferre good or euill to them that are borne . They are said to be three , as there are three times , viz past , present , to come ; or three principall ages , childhood or youth , middle age , and old age , in which they cut off mans life . * The three Ladies of destinie , or the Goddesses of life . * Diuine power . * Haue said . ‖ Spin ye , or draw ye out . * Such ages . ‖ Oh the renowned sonne of Iupiter . * Vndertake [ or take in hand ] [ thy ] great honours . * The time [ ordained ] will be present now . * Nodding , [ viz. staggering , or inclining as readie to fall ] with a weight bending downeward , [ that is , with the present euils . ] * Earths or lands . * The tracts [ or coasts ] of the sea . * Deepe or profound . ‖ Time. * About to come [ or now comming ] by thee , or with thee . ] ‖ Oh that I might liue so long . * And how much breath , [ viz. so much breath as ] shall be enough [ or suffice ] to tell thy deeds . * Neither the Thracian Orpheus shall ouercome me in verses , [ viz. in setting forth thy praises . y Orpheus an ancient Poet , and very cunning on the harpe : sonne to Apollo and Calliope , who as the Poets report , could by his excellent musick draw the wilde beasts , woods & mountaines after him , meaning that by his eloquence he could perswade all sorts . * Neither Linus , although [ his ] mother [ be present ] to this , viz. to Orpheus , and the father [ be presens ] to this [ viz. to Linus . z Linus a most ancient Thebane Poet , son to Apollo and Vrania . ‖ Though Calliope one of the nine Muses , mother of Orpheus were present to helpe him , and glorious Apollo the father of Linus were present to assist him likewise . ‖ Yea though Pan the God of the sheepheards and first inuenter of the rurall verse . * Should striue with me [ in verse . ] ‖ Archadia [ the country where Pan is worshipped , put for the Archadians who were excellent musicians . * Oh litle boy begin to know [ viz to acknowledge ] thy mother by laughing , [ viz. by smiling at her , [ so to comfort her after her wearinesse and paine . ‖ Thy mother hath endured ten moneths wearinesse in going with child with thee . * Lothsomnesse , as in lothing meate or drinke . * To [ thy ] mother . ‖ Begin to comfort thy parents by smiling at them . * [ For ] neither the God [ Genius ] hath vouchsafed ] him [ his table , nor the Goddesse [ Iuno ] hath accounted [ him ] worthy of [ her ] bed , at whom [ his ] parents haue not laughed [ or smiled . ] a The heathen● ascri bed their pleasures and delights in feasting and belly cheare vnto Genius , whom they made the God thereof : and the preseruation of chil dren in their birth and ●nfancie , vnto Iuno , and likewise the mariage bed . Whence , as the most learned think , by the God here is meant Genius , & by the Goddesse Iuno : That nei ther of thē vouchsafed the childe a●y fauour , because he liued not long after he was born . Whereupon also some thinke that these two verses were added by Virgil after the death of the child : and that God suffred him not to liue , because the Poet , of so great authoritie , had turned and applied that to this child , viz. to Salonin● Pollio's sonne , which Sibyl had proph●d concerning Christ the Son of God. * Which is intituled . * Do bewaile or mourne for . ‖ Verses to be set vpon his graue or tombe , or his funerall song . ‖ His putting into the number of the Gods. * Who thinke Caesar the Dictator stabbed in with three and twentie wounds in the Court , a litle before then that the Poet writ these things , to be vnderstood [ or meant . ] ‖ Three bands of souldiers . ‖ A full legion consisted of 6100 footmen and 730 hors●n . * Will roth●r . * Of thy [ brother ] Flaccus in Daphnis , thou makest equall thy brother [ viz. thou makest thy brother nothing inferiour ] to the immortall Gods , or doest 〈◊〉 him for a God. a Here beginneth first a preparation vnto the songs following . * Why do we not sit downe here , [ viz. why do we not rest vs here a while , to delight our selues in musicke ? ‖ Mingled . * Good , viz. cunning . * Thou being skilful to blow vp , &c. viz. in piping . * I skilfull to speake [ or vtter ] verses , viz. in singing . * Thou art greater , [ viz. elder , or more ancient or worthier , [ or my better . ] * It is equall me to obey thee , [ viz. that I should obey thee , or be ruled by thee . ] * Succeed , [ or go vnder ] the shadowes . ‖ Vnconstant or vnstable . * By the West windes mouing [ or blowing ] lightly . ‖ Yonder caue [ or hollow place . ] * We go vnder . * Behold [ or l● ] how the vine which groweth in the woods hath spread [ or couered ouer ] &c. * With rare clusters of grapes [ viz. with bunches scattered here and there ] or thinly . * What if he may trie to excell [ or surpasse . * Onely Amyntas can striue [ or may trie with thee . ] viz. none but Amyntas [ or I know no sheepheard but Amyntas that ] dare play with thee in our countrey . * Can striue to thee . Graecismus . * Can striue or go beyond Apollo in song [ or singing ] [ viz. in musicke ] * Begin thou the former , or first [ to sing . ] * Fiers [ viz. burning , or raging , or mad loues , that i● , songs 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 continent loues ] of Phillis . b Phyllis daughter of 〈◊〉 Ly●rgus , who 〈◊〉 her selfe for● by Demoph●n 〈◊〉 of the king of Athens , hanged her selfe , and was turned into a tree . d Codrus a King of Athens , who in warre against the Laconians ( hauing receiued this answer from the Oracle , that that side should get the victorie whose King was slaine ) changed his attire , and rushed in amongst the enemies , wonderfully pro●oking them , and was killed by them . * Shall keepe . * Thy kids [ now ] pasturing [ or feeding . ] b Alcon an excellent archer of ●reete , who with an arrow slue a serpent wrapped about his sonne , and neuer touched the child . * Verses . * Of a beech tree . * And tuning [ these verses . ] * By course , [ viz. one while tuning , another while noting . * [ That ] Amyntas striue , [ viz. trie what he can do . * How much . ‖ Bending willow or ozier . * Giues place . ‖ To the goodly oliue tree . Of these three stories see Ramus vpon this place more at large . ‖ Spike . * Red rose gard●ns . * Amyntas giues place so much vnto thee in our iudgement . * Oh boy ceasse [ viz. leaue off ] [ to speake ] 〈◊〉 things ▪ we haue succeeded [ viz. we h●ue approched or come vnder ] the ca● . f Here beginneth the Epicedion or funerall song for Daphn● as yet vnburied : whereof are three parts : The first from the mourning of his mother , of the Nymphes , the cattell , and the very Lions . * Wept for . * Extinct , or put out , [ viz. taken away ] * By a cruell funerall . * Ye hazels are witnesses , and ye riuers [ are witnesses ] to the Nymphs . * Hauing embraced . ‖ The wofull corpes . * [ Doth call ] both the gods [ cruell ] and also calls the starres cruell . ‖ Cruell , because they suffered her sonne to be so cruelly murdered . ‖ No heardmen . * Oxen or kine . * Being fed . * Cold riuers . [ viz waters . ] ‖ In those dayes when this slaughter was committed . * An herbe [ viz. a blade or leafe ] of grasse . ‖ Cruell , hard , or desolate . * Do speake or say . * Euen the Carthaginian Lions to haue groned [ or sighed for ] thy death , [ viz. because of thy cruell death . * Destruction . g The second part of the Epicedion of Daphnis , concerning his acts . ‖ Appointed or ordained first at Rome . ‖ To draw the chariot of triumph with Tigres ▪ ‖ To bring in these at Rome : though it appeareth by histories , that the Bacchanalia were vsed in Rome long before Iulius Caesars time . h Thyasus was a most filthy dance vs●d in the 〈◊〉 of Bacchus . i In Bacchus sacrifice they vsed to beare a iauelin wrapped with ivie , called Thy●sis . * To weaue in , or wrap about . ‖ Bending , quiuering , or shiuering speares . * Soft . k The third part of the Epicedion , from the honour and happinesse which the Romanes receiued by Daphnis while he liued , being adorned by foure ●militudes . * Grace or ornament . * Are [ the ornament . ] * Flockes . ‖ The corne now ripe . * [ Are. ] * Fat. ‖ Vnto thy family ▪ or vnto the Romanes , whose Empire Caesar wonderfully enlarged : or else , vnto sheepheards . l And amplified by the contrary euil● that followed after his death . * After that the destinies haue taken thee away [ so cruelly . ] * Pales [ the Godd●sse of shepheards ] her selfe [ hath left the fields , ] and Apollo himselfe hath left the fields [ likewise . ] * Vnhappie or vnluckie darnell [ or tares . ] ‖ Light or vnprofitable oates . * Do rule ouer all [ or almost onely grow and run ouer all ▪ ] ‖ Vpon the tilled land , where we haue sowne the best and greatest , or fullest corne . ‖ Cast or throwne . ‖ Flower de luce , as some thinke . * We haue committed eft . * The thistl● [ doth arise or grow ] and the whit● thorne with sharpe prickes springs vp , for the soft violet , [ and ] for the 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . ‖ The holly tree , or rather 〈◊〉 or g●sce . ‖ Scatt● [ or co●er ] the ground with flowers , [ viz adorne the place of his sepulcher with flowers . m Hitherto his funerall song , whereunto is adioyned his Epitaph , viz. verses concerning his sepulcher , to be set vpon his tombe . ‖ Hitherto his funerall song , whereunto is adioyned his Epitaph , viz. verses concerning his sepulcher , to be set vpon his tombe . * Bring in the shades to the fountaines , [ that is , make gr●es about the fountaines wherein his soule may dwell : [ for they thought that the soules of such worthy nobles dwelt in the woods and about the fountaines . ] ‖ A sepulchre or hearse . * And adde aboue , this verse vnto the tombe . * I am Daphnis knowne in the woods from hence euen vnto the starres or skies . [ I was ] a keeper of faire cattell , I my selfe being fairer [ then they . ] viz. the most renow●d Emperour of the noble Romanes . n Thus farre 〈◊〉 the Epitaph of Daphnis : now followeth the commendation thereof by Menalcas : and then his deifying or canonization , viz his referring of him into the number of the Gods , which Menalcas vndertakes . * Such [ or of such sort . ] * Of what sort sleepe [ is ] to [ men ] being wearie [ lying downe ] in the grasse , [ and ] of what sort it is [ a man ] to quench [ his ] thirst with a bubbling streame of sweete water . * Leaping riuer [ or springing streame . ] ‖ Maister , viz. 〈◊〉 , whom Virgil i●tated . * With [ thy ] reeds , [ viz. thy pip● and playing thereon , ] but with [ thy ] voice , viz. in singing . * Boy [ or youth ▪ ] * Another from him , [ viz. the next vnto 〈◊〉 i● skill of pastorall 〈◊〉 . ] * Howbeit we will say these our [ verses ] to thee by course , after 〈◊〉 manner , and we will lift vp thy Daphnis vnto the signes of heauen [ viz vnto the starres . ] ‖ As well as we can . * Lift vp . * Daphnis loued vs also [ or made much of vs. ] * Whether can any thing be greater to vs. * The boy [ viz. Daphnis ▪ This cannot be vnderstood of Caesar , who was slain in his mans estate . ] ‖ Stimichon the famous Po●t . Al. ‖ A while ago , or not long ago , or of late . * White [ or shining Daphnis . * Admires , or maruels at . * Threshold or entrance 〈◊〉 heauen . * Oly●pus a hill in Greece , so high that of the Poets it is vsed for heauen . * Signes of heauen . * Pleasure doth hold the merria woods . viz. the woods and countries do reioyce . ‖ And the rest of the countries [ viz. all are quiet and plentifull . ] ‖ The Ny●hs of the woods , which solace themselves amongst the 〈◊〉 , whereof in the second Eclogue . * Neither the 〈◊〉 doth 〈◊〉 wiles [ or 〈◊〉 to 〈◊〉 ] to the cattell , 〈◊〉 any nets deuis● 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 the stags [ or h●rts . ] * Al. merrie pleasure doth possesse . ‖ Foulds . ‖ Hunters with nets do seeke ●o catch the stags . * Quietnesse , viz. concord and rest . * The very hils vnshorne [ viz. full of greene trees replenished with leaues . ] cast vp [ or send forth ] their voices , viz ▪ do exceedingly reioyce . * Do sound [ he is ] a God , he [ is ] a God. * Oh [ Daphnis . ] * Happie [ or bountifull ] to thine . viz. to them that adore and honour thee n●w made a God. ‖ Foure altars erected . * Daphnis behold two altars for thee . o Altare quod à terrae erectum & exaltatum est . Ara qua in terra sta●itur . Ara etiam 〈◊〉 dei , altare a●then ▪ tici . ‖ I will offer vnto thee yearely sacrifices two pots of milke , &c. * I will appoint . ‖ Foaming full . * Goblets or ka●s . ‖ And feasting merrily . ‖ Pleasant . * With much Bacchus . * If [ it shall be ] harnest . * Shadow . * New Nectar ▪ viz. a pleasant liquor fained to be the drinke of the Gods. * Ar●isian wines , viz. of Aruisia , a place in the Isle Chi● . p Dametas and Egon two notable shepherds * Of Lyctus , which was a towne of Creete , whence he had his name . * Shall sing vnto me , viz. they shall play , and Alphesibeus shall dance . q Alphesibeus a fained name of a shepheard , of 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , inuenio , & 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , bos , velut inuentor boum . ‖ The Satyre is a kind of beast in the furthest parts of Lybia , hauing the face of a man : they are called seruants of Bacchus for their beastly wantonnesse , and named gods of the woods . r The time of his sacrifices , viz. twise solemnly euery yeare . * These [ holy duties ] * Shall be alwayes to thee . * Restore or giue . ‖ Wonted once euery yeare . * When we shall view , [ viz. ‖ Go about the fields with much deuotion , as in the feasts called Amberuallia , spoken of in the second Eclogue . s The perpetuitie of his deitie . * [ Thy ] honour and thy name and praises shall remaine alwayes , whilest the Boare [ shall loue ] the top of a hill , whilest the fish shall loue [ or delight in ] the riuers . * And whilest the Bees shall be fed with thyme , whilest the grashoppers [ shall be fed ] with dew . ‖ Vpon the thyme flowers . * Shall vow . ‖ Condemne them [ or hold them guiltie ] for not performing their vowes : or bind them with their vowes , that they performe them when thou hast granted their petitions , and punish them if they do not . t Mopsus to requite Menalcas , commends his verses of the de●fication of Daphnu , by three comparisons of the lesse . * What [ gifts ] ‖ For this thy song . * For ●either the hizzing [ or whizzing blast ] of the Southwind coming . * S●itten or dashed against with the waue . * Nor the flouds which run downeward . ‖ Dales or bankes . * We will present thee before with this brittle hemlocke , [ viz. pipe made of hemlocke . ] ‖ Vpon this pipe I learned those two songs , viz. the second and the third Eclogue . * Whether are they the cattell of Melibee ? ‖ My shepheards staffe . ‖ Being very fine [ or tri●s . ] * With euen [ or equall knots ] and with brasse , viz. either brazen studs or tacks , in euery knot one , [ or the hoope ●ade of brasse , or with a hoope ●nd pike of brasse . * Tooke not , or bore not away . * When he oft asked me it . ‖ Although he was well worthy to be loued . * To which the name is Silenus . ‖ Virgil in this Eclogue bringeth in Silenus , [ and ] him indeed drunke , as it became a bringer vp of Bacchus , &c. ‖ He bringeth him in singing very skilfully . ‖ Of the beginnings of things , viz. the first forming or framing of things . ‖ To the grace or honour of Quintilius Varus . * Who , Donate being witnesse , together with Virgil , gaue his endeuour to this sect , vnder Silon the Philosopher . * Agree . ‖ To the lownesse , or low pitch of , &c. * Of a Bucolicke verse . * He prayeth for pardon straightway from [ or after ] the beginning : neither hauing taried so much in that argument , be passeth straightway vnto fables . a Thalia is properly one of the three Graces , whose names were Aglaia , Thalia , and Euphrosune , supposed to be the daughters of Iupiter and Venus . ‖ To sing . ‖ In pa●torall verse , in imitation of Theocritus , who dwelt in Syracuse a famous citie in Sicilia . b For Syracusio some write Syracosio , lest it comming of ou , should be contracted . And it is Syracusi for Syracusano after the maner of the 〈◊〉 , as Sicelides for Sicilienses , Eclog . 4. * To inhabite the woods . * When I did sing . ‖ Battels or skirmishes . * Cynthius , [ Apollo is called Cynthius of Cynthus a mountaine in the Isle Delos , where Apollo and Dians were borne . * Puid [ my ] eare , and admonished me . * It behoueth a sheepheard to feed fat sheepa , and to speake [ or sing ] a verse drawne out , [ viz. a pastorall song of a low or meane kind , drawne out small like wooll in spinning . ] * Now will I meditate a fielden Muse , [ viz. a pastorall song ] with my slender reed . ( For , Varus , there shall be aboue to thee , [ viz. there shall remaine enow to thee ] who may desire to vtter thy praises . * To build [ viz. to set out or declare ] thy sorrowfull warres . * Things vncommanded , without the command [ viz. of Pollio or Augustus . ] * Taken with the loue of thee , or ‖ If any one be enamoured , let him reade these things . * Our wilde tamariske [ or ling ] shal sing of thee . ‖ Groue or forrest , most properly a groue for pleasure . ‖ Shall praise thy deeds . * Neither is there . * Page [ or booke . ] A page is properly a side of a leafe in a booke . ‖ To be learned . * Which hath prescribed the name of Varus vnto it selfe , [ viz. which is written in the praises of Varus ] or hath the title of Varus . * Oh ye [ nine ] Muses borne in Pierius in Thessalie , go ye on . ‖ The two youths Chromis & Mnas . ‖ Bacchus schoolemaister , a famous Poet. * Lying [ ouerwhelmed or buried ] in sleepe . * Blowne vp [ in respect of his veins ] with yesterdayes wine , as alwayes . * Bacchus . [ Iachos a name of Bacchus , of 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 signifying a crie , groaning or belching , taken from the filthy noises which drunkards make commonly . ‖ Onely fallen downe from his head , viz. otherwise whole , and not broken nor hurt . * A farre off . * To his head . ‖ A pot or iug that held a great deale of wine . * And a great [ viz. a heauie or mightie ] tankard , with the handle [ or stouke all worne ] hanged on his necke or at his girdle , neare vnto him . ‖ This old Silenus . * They inuading or assailing him . ‖ Promising to sing them songs . ‖ Bind him with hands made of the garlands themselues . * Addeth her selfe a fellow . * And came vpon them being fearfull , [ viz. came ( as we say ) in the nicke , or in the very fit oportunitie , to helpe them , being timorous or doubtfull . * Naiades are the Fairies , haunting riuers and fountaines . ‖ And painted [ both ] his browes and temples with bloud red mulberies , she seeing him . * [ To him , viz ▪ to Silenus ] now seeing [ her ] viz. being awaked , and looking on her . ] ‖ Loose me , ye boyes . ‖ The subtill iest . c Silenus makes himselfe a halfe God , which were seene but when they listed ; and thus he speaketh as followeth . * Me to haue bene able to be seene [ of you , ] being seene but when I list . * Know ye what verses you will. * Verses [ shall be ] to you . * Another reward shact be to this [ Egle. ] * He begins withall . ‖ When Silenus began to sing . ‖ The Gods of the woods . * To play [ or skip ] in number , viz. according to the harmony of the tune . * Stiffe oakes to moue oft and shake * Neither the Parnassian rocke , [ viz. the mount Parnassus in Thessalie , consecrated to Apollo ] * Doth so much [ delight and ] ioy in Phoebus , viz. Apollo . * Nor Rhodope doth wonder at so much , nor Ismarus [ so greatly admire ] Orpheus . d Rhodope and Ismarus mountains in Thracia , wherein Orpheus was wont to play . e The argument or subiect matter of Silenus songs . f The Epicures thoght all these to be made of motes and such little bodies concurring . * Of the earths , and of the soule , and also of the sea , and withall of the liquid fire had bene gathered together . ‖ Cleare or pure . * Thorough the great emptinesse . Al. How all beginnings [ growed vp together ] from these first seeds , and the very tender globe of the world growed together . ‖ Yong , pliant delectable , or tender at the first . ‖ Growed fast and strong in euery part . * Nereus [ a god of the sea , the sonne of Oceanus , whereof the Ocean had the name . Here put for the Ocean . * Pontus the sea betweene Meotis and Tenedos , so called of Pontus the sonne of Nercus . ‖ How things began to be formed of the earth . * Formes , viz. diuers shapes . * And now the earths [ or lands ] are amazed at the new Sunne to begin to shine . ‖ The Sunne newly formed with the other heauenly lights . ‖ The raine doth fall . * The clouds being remoued more high [ or very high . ] ‖ How. * Do begin . * To rise [ viz to spring vp . ] * And when the liuing creatures do erre [ or wander ] thorough [ or amongst ] the mountaines , [ viz when the mountaines and valleys began to be replenished with new creatures . ] g Of the framing of the world in the beginning , and of the repairing it after the floud , especially for the repairing of mankind by Pyrrha and Deucalion , and so the other stories , see Ouid in his Metamorphosis . * After this [ he reports or relates ] the stones cast to Pyrrha [ viz. of or by Pyrrha ] [ and also he relates ] Saturnes kingdomes . * Also he reports [ or shewes ] the birds of Caucasus and the theft of Prometheus . For the rest of this Eclogue , I referre the ingenuous Reader to Ramus and other Commenters . * To whom the name i● [ viz. which is intituled or named . ] * B●coliasts . * Melibeus a shepheard , [ or rather a neatheard . ] * A strife [ or triall for maisteries ] of Corydon and Thyrsis , &c. * Wandered away . * He had came betweene by chance . * Sent for of Daphnis . * Contention . * Nods to [ or signifies by the beckning of his head ] to haue pronounced according to Corydon . * I remember these things . ‖ And Thyrsis being outmatched , to haue contended in vaine . * By hap [ or by chance ] Daphnis had ●it downe together . * Shrill by the mouing of the leaues . The holme is a kind of oake . * Had driuen together ▪ [ or had gathered together ] their flockes into one [ flocke . ] * Thyrsis [ had gathered his ] sheepe , [ and ] Corydon [ had gathered his ] litle she goates stretched [ or strouted out ] viz. hauing their vdders full of milke . * Both of them [ were ] flourishing in their ages , viz. flourishing youths . ‖ Both of them borne in Arcadia , and right Arcadians ▪ for their musicke , [ viz. very skilfull musicians . * And equall to sing , and ready to answer [ viz. in verse ] whosoeuer should chalenge them . * The man [ or husband ] of the flocke [ viz. the high goate ] himselfe had wandered away to me [ viz. from me ] hither , whilst I defend [ viz. do fence ] [ my ] myrtle trees from the cold [ viz. my yong myrtles . * And I see [ or behold ] Daphnis . * He ( when he seeth me against [ him ] ) saith quickly [ or very quickly . ] * Or spake , O Melibeus come hither quickly . * O Melibeus come hither [ thy ] goate is safe for thee , [ or the he goate to thee is safe ] and [ thy ] kids [ are safe . ] * Ceasse any thing [ viz. if thou haue any leisure . ] * Shadow . * The very bullocks will come hither , &c. a Mincius is called greene , for green trees & reeds with the sedge growing about it . Al. Here Mincius hath couered his green banks with a tender re●d , [ viz. with yong reeds . ] ‖ Make a humming noise from the oake consecrated to Iupiter . Al. Which might shut vp at home [ my ] lambes weaned from [ their ] milke , [ viz. from their dams . ] ‖ Shut vp [ within the foulds . ] * Driuen away from the milke . * A great contention [ or strife for maisteries . * Corydon [ did striue [ or play for a wager ] with Thyrsis , or to Corydon with Thyrsis . b Prolepsis implicit● . * Neuerthelesse I set after mine own earnest matters to their play , [ viz. I preferred their sport before mine own serious [ or weightie ] businesse [ of seeking my goate . ] ‖ Their contention in musicke . ‖ Corydon and Thyrsis . * To contend . ‖ One after another by turnes . c In this Eclogue they sing by turnes , either of them foure verses , like as in the third by couples , 〈◊〉 two & two , and in the fift by twentie fiue a peece . * Verses by course . ‖ Corydon began , and rehearsed the foure first verses . * These [ verses . ] d Lybethris a fountain where those Nymphs are worshipped . * Being our loue [ or delight . ] ‖ Almost equall to Apollos verses . * Phoebus . ‖ I will hang vp the instruments of my profession , as hauing serued out my time . ‖ The pine tree consecrated to Cybele the mother of the Gods. e Poets were crowned with ivie , either as being consecrated to Liber , and inspired with a furious spirit , as in the feasts of Bacchus ; or else because as ivies are alwayes greene , so verses deserue eternitie , as Seruius thinketh . ‖ Decke ye , viz. crowne , with a pastorall garland of ivie , though not with a lawrell crowne . ‖ [ Me your ] Poet. ‖ That Codrus may burst for enuie , [ viz. that I should be preferred before him for my musicke . * That the small guts may be bursten to Codrus with enuie . f The heathen feared to be praised ouermuch , especially of enemies , thinking that praise to haue the force of witchcraft , against which they accounted the herbe Bacchar to haue speciall vertue . ‖ Or if he shall be inforced to praise me . * Beyond [ his ] liking . * Gird about [ my ] forehead . ‖ Ladies gloues . ‖ Codrus [ or Corydons ] euill tongue . * About to be a Poet , [ viz. which ar● in hope to be a Poet , or , your Poet that shall be . g Corydon to the end that he may obtaine his desire for Poetry , offers vnto Diana the sister of Apollo and Goddesse of hunting , these gifts befitting her th●s set out . * Oh Delia. ‖ My litle sonne Mycon . ‖ Presents or giues . h The Boare and the Stag are amongst the principall beasts of the chase in hunting . i Pli●ie and others report that the Stags liue very long . ‖ If this victorie or praise shall be mine , that I shal be next vnto Codrus in musicke or Poetrie . ‖ I will make thee a picture of marble . * Whole . k E●incta sur●s foe [ vsque ] sur●s , Synecd●che . or , secundum sur●s . * Tied about [ euen vnto ] the calues of the legs with a purple buskin . l Priapus the god of the gardens or orchard ‖ I hope thou wilt be contented with me , if according to my poore estate I offer vnto thee a boll of milke , &c. ‖ Of the simple garden . * We haue made thee a picture of marble . ‖ For the present . * But if bringing forth of yong , shall supply [ or fill ] [ our ] flocke : ‖ Then thou shalt be golden , viz. haue a picture made of gold . ‖ Then the hony of Hybla , of which before in the first Eclogu● . ‖ Then the fairest 〈◊〉 . ‖ The cattel being filled shall 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . * Shall seeke againe their stals , [ or go againe vnto their stals . ] * Come tho● if any care of thy Corydon ha●e [ or possisse ] th●e . m These herbes of Sardinia are taken for a kind of Crow-foote , which being eaten do take away the vnderstanding , and do shrink vp the sinewes in the face in such sort , that a man shall seeme to die laughing : whereupon came that Adage of the Sardinian laughter . * Sardois pro Sardinijs , Casus Graecus . ‖ The herbes that grow in Sardinia . * More horrible . ‖ Butchers broome is a prickly shrub . ‖ Contemptible . * Then sea weed cast forth [ of the sea . ] n Alga , is called of some Lauer or Sea-girdle , it seemeth to be a sea herb growing on the rocks , hauing leaues like lettice , though here it is taken for whatsoeuer weeds the sea casteth out . * This light . * Now. * Go ye [ home , if there be any shame [ to you . ] ‖ Oh fountaines [ or springs ] greene ouer with mosse . * And oh herbe more soft [ or pleasant ] to sleepe , [ viz. vnto sleepe . o Mollior som no , for ad somnum . * Arbute , or sernice tree , or crab tree . ‖ With the shadow of her branches spred here and there . * Shadow . * Defend ye [ or keepe away ] the solstice to the cattel , viz from the cattel : that is , saue the cattell from the heate of the Sunne in the solstice . Hypallage . Met. Effic . p The solstice in the Sommer , is when the Sun ascends no higher towards vs : of Solis statio , which is about the 11 or 12 of Iune : like as contrary the Winter solstice , when it is at the lowest from vs. ‖ The vine buds . ‖ Burning heate . * Do swell . * Ioyfull [ or rank● ] vine branch . q Teda is taken most properly for the middle or the heart of the pine tree , which ( thorough the licour in it ) being kindled burneth like a torch , and generally for any kinde of fat and gummy wood , and so for a torch , or whatsoeuer the torch is made of . ‖ Fat torches . * Very much fire , a great fire . ‖ Smoke . ‖ Here by reason of our good f●ors . * Colds . * The flouds running violently , [ or vehement , or boisterous . * The rough chest-nut trees [ stand full . ] ‖ Are plenteous , or waxe ripe . * Their owne seuerall apples lie euery where scattered vnder the tree . * All things do laugh now , [ viz. do seeme to reioyce because of the plentie and our prosperitie . ‖ Should depart . ‖ Thou shouldest then see the very riuers drie . * Also the flouds drie . * Is drie [ or is parched with heate , or is very drie . * The herbe [ viz grasse ] dying thorough the felt [ or vnseasonablenesse ] of the aire [ or weather ] thirsteth [ for raine . ] ‖ Hath grudged , or denied , or disdained . * The shadowes made of the vine branches , [ viz. the vines haue lost their leaues through the scorching heate . ‖ Groue [ or all trees . ] * Shall be greene [ againe . ] At the coming of o●r Phillis , [ viz. if she shall come vnto vs. ] * And very much Iupiter , [ viz. sweete and pleasant aire . r Iupiter is put for the 〈◊〉 , by a Meton . Effic . which ●ire being thickned , tur●eth into raine . s Iupeter q. iuuans pa● , or iuuans ac● . * With a merry [ or ioyfull ] shower , viz. with raine making 〈◊〉 ioyfull and merry . * Most acceptable [ or best pleasing , or dedicated . t Alcides put for Hercules . Patronym . ab Alc●o 〈◊〉 . The poplar is dedicated to him , because being crowned with poplar when ●e went downe to hell ( as the Poets faine ) part of the leaues which stucke close to the temples of his head , remained still white , but the outward part of them remained blacke with the soote of hell , which colour still abides in the leaues * Alcides . * The vine [ 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 pleasing ] or most delight s●ms . * Iacchus . * Faire . The lawrell being Apolloos owne tree . * [ Is most pleasing ] to Apollo . * To Ph●bus . * Ouercome , [ viz. go beyond in estimation . ] My loue . The ●ilberd tree . * Nor the bay 〈◊〉 of Apollo [ shall passe them . * The fairest [ tree growing ] to the woods . * The pine tree [ is the fairest tree . ] * The poplar [ is the fairest tree . ] ● Gardens . * In the 〈◊〉 , [ by the ri●ers side . ] * If 〈◊〉 see 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 ●ft . * Shall yeeld [ viz. shall be inferiour to thee . * In the orchards [ shall yeeld to thee . ] * I remember [ well ] these [ songs . ] * Being ouercome , to contend in vaine . * Corydon is the noble conquerour , ] viz. Corydon is for vs , [ viz. Corydon is for our money , ] or in our iudgement . * Pharmaceutria of 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , venenum sine 〈◊〉 , vnde 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , veneno inficio , medeor , & 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , veneficus , 〈◊〉 , & 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 venefica 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . * Former [ part . ] * Taken with the loue . ‖ Mopsus a fained name of a shepheard . * He 〈◊〉 forth . * 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . ‖ Idyllium is a Poets worke consisting of few verses . ‖ Called Pharmace●tria . * In which . * To call back● . Al. Ende● by medicines and incantations to recall . * By drugs [ or remedies ] and incantations or ●antments . * We will speake of , or relate . * Whom stri●ing [ viz. contending in singing . ] ‖ A h●fer forgetting her grasse , [ or lea●ing off to eate ] maruelled at . * Of herbes . * With the vers● [ or song , ] of which [ two ] the Lynces [ were ] amazed . * The flouds or streames . * Rested [ viz. slaked , as inforced to rest . ‖ Turned or hauing changed their courses . * We will speake of . * The st●es . ‖ Al. Renowned Pollio . ‖ Made famous by my verses . ‖ Thou passest o●r . b Timauus a riuer of Venice , or the riuer Brenta neare Aquileia in Italy . ‖ Thou gatherest neare vnto , or passest by the coast . * Illyrian . * When it may be lawfull for me to speake of thy worthy acts [ or deeds . ] * That it may be lawfull for me , * To carry through the whole world , ‖ The verses written of thy renowned acts . * Being alone worthy of Sophocles buskin , viz. to haue bene penned in Sophocles stately style . c Because Sophocles tragedies were acted in buskins , therefore his loftie style is termed by this name , by a Metonvmie of the Adiunct . d He promiseth in all his verses to set foorth the praises of Augustus . ‖ Of these my songs . ‖ Of thee , or by thy command . * To thee , viz. to thy praise . ‖ Vndertaken . * By thy commandements . ‖ Let this garland made of the branches of the ivie and lawrell , be set vpon thy head . e Some apply this to Pollio , because he was an excellent Poet ( to whom the ivie garland appertained ) as well as a worthy gouernour . Ivie in respect of the Poets worke , Lawrell for Augustus famous victories . ‖ The night ( wherein it is ordinarily more cold then in the day , thorough the absence of the Sunne ) was scarcely past , and the day n●w appearing . * From heauen . * In the tender herbe . ‖ Leaning sheepheard-like vpon his staffe . * Leaning vpon [ or against ] a long smooth oliue . f Teres , tereti● , signifieth any thing long , smooth and round . ‖ Oh Day-starre . * Nourishing , because it is most nourishing and comfortable to all creatures . ‖ Bring it forth after thee . ‖ With the loue of Nisa , which she was vnworthy of . ‖ Vnkind loue . ‖ Of Nisa whom I thought sure vnto me to be my wife . * And although I haue profited nothing , they being witnesses , yet I dying speake vnto the Gods in my last houre . ‖ About to die with griefe . ‖ That they are my witnesses that she had so o●t sworne by them that she would be my wife . This he seemeth ●o speake according to the iudgement of the Epicures , who held that the Gods cared not for mortall things . * My pipe begin Menalian verses with me . g By Menalian verses the Poet meaneth excellent verses , such as were sung in Menalus , a hill of Arcadia . So that there is in it a Metalepfis , Menalian for Arcadian , and Arcadian verses for excellent verses . viz. Syn. membri & M●t Subj . ‖ In the hill Menalus sheepheards do alwayes sing of their loues , whereby the woods do ring , and as it were answer to their voice , or Menalus hath euer the trees sounding by their rustling with the winds . * And [ it heares ] Pan , viz. the God of sheepheards , who is said to haue inuented the fielden musicke . * Suffered not , &c. [ viz first inuented pipes of reeds . This verse oft repeated by Damon in his complaint , is called versus intercalaris , a verse oft interlaced , like the foot of a song . ‖ To lie idle . ‖ Began to play Menalian tunes . * Verses . ‖ Nisa that fine 〈◊〉 is gi●en in marriage to that il-favoured lubber Mopsus . * What [ we ] louing may not hope . i Some take here sperem●s for timeamus , by a Catachresis , as in the first of the Eneads , At sperate Deos memores fandi atque nefandi . ‖ Griffins shall now be , &c. k Griffins are like vnto Lions , saue that they seeme to haue the head and wing● of Eagles , being most spitefull against horses , and are dedicated to Apollo . Some thinke them to be meerly fabulous , like as the Pegasi . * Following . * Timerous Bucks or D●es . ‖ Shall associate or sort themselues . * To pots [ viz. to banket , or to drinke at the water . ‖ Prepare or sharpen peeces of gummie wood , that they may better kindle and burne . l Faces were peeces of gummie wood cut like torches , wont to be vsed in stead of torches at weddings solemnized and kept at nights . * A wife is maried to thee [ viz. thou must wed a wife for others ] m Carrying torches & throwing nuts about the house , were amōgst their ceremonies vsed at mariages . * Sprinkle nuts , viz. cast nuts amongst the boyes , [ or scatter walnuts at the thresholds . n The starres do seem to rise from the tops of most high mountaines . ‖ Doth rise ouer Oeta . [ viz. the euening is come , now that the euening starre is risen . o Oeta is a mount of Thessaly , so high that the starres do seeme to rise there . * To thee . * Begin with me . * Verses . * Ioyned [ viz. married to a worthy husband . p All these things are spoken in flouting and scornfull manner . * My pipe is a hate to thee . [ viz odious , or out of fauour . * And whilst my litle goates . * Hairie ‖ eyebrowes . * My long beard . ‖ Are a hate , [ viz. contemned or despised . ] * Any God [ or any of the Gods ] to care for mortall things [ viz. to be auenged for thy periury . ] * Verses or songs . q Damon complaineth of his error in falling in loue with Nisa , which he setteth out by the occasion , time and place , and by his owne age and stature . ‖ When thou wast but a little one . * Bedewed apples [ wet with the dew in the morning , lying vnder the trees in our orchards . ] * The other [ viz. the second ] yeare from eleuen had euen then taken me . * Now [ viz at that time . ] ‖ Reach the boughes of the trees as I stood vpon the ground . * As [ viz after that ] I beheld [ thee ] how perished I ? [ viz. how was I cast away , or vtterly vndone ? * That ill error [ viz. raging loue ] carried me away , [ viz. made me besides myselfe . ] * My pipe begin [ to sound ] Menalian tunes with me . ‖ What a cruell thing loue is . r Damen inueyeth against the sauage nature of loue , by the procreant causes thereof , because of the many mis●ries which it brings . ‖ Ismarus and Rhodope are hils mentioned before in the 6 Eclogue . * The vtmost Garamants . ‖ The Garamants are a sauage people in the vtmost parts of Africa . * Do breed [ or bring forth ] that boy [ viz. Cupid the God of loue . ] * In the hard clifts , [ viz. rockes of stone , of which whet stones are made . ‖ Being of another nature different from vs. * Verses . ‖ Cruell Cupid . ‖ Medea , who being despised by lason , slueher owne children . * To defile [ staine or soyle . ] * Her hands with the bloud , &c. ‖ Thou Medea wast cruell as well as Cupid the blinded boy . * Mischieuous or naughtie . ‖ Cupid was wicked , enforcing thee . * Also . ‖ Now let the whole order of nature be subuerted . * The wolfe also of his owne accord let him flie from the sheepe , the hard oakes let them beare golden apples , the alder tree let it flourish with Narcissus [ or the white Daffadill . ] * The wilde tamariske [ or heath ] let them sweate , &c. ‖ Drop downe gummie amber out of their barkes . * The owles let them contend [ in singing ] with swans , viz. let them excell the swans . ‖ Let Tityrus with his fielden pipe , passe Orpheus with his harpe amongst the wilde beasts , and Arion amongst the Dolphins , [ viz alluring them with their harmonie . * Verses . * All things now let them be made euen midst of the sea , viz. let waters couer me with all other things . * Liue ye . * I will be caried downe . ‖ I will cast my selfe downe headlong into the sea from the top of some high mountaine , to dispatch my selfe . ‖ Ready to die with griefe . * The highest top , from whence men may looke round about . * High in the aire . * Haue thou . ‖ Ceasse [ now . ] * Verses . ‖ Thus farre Damon . s 〈◊〉 . ‖ Each of vs. ] t Of the Muses called Pi●rides , see before Eclogu● 6. * Say ye . * We all , viz. * All things . u Here begin the verses of Alphesibeus , b●nging in a witch seeking by her forceries to allure her louer againe , who had began to forsake her . And that she speaketh to her maide . * Bring out . ‖ Bind about , or gird . ‖ Do sacrifice with burning sweete things , as fat veruein , ‖ And the best frankincense . ‖ That I may make an experiment or essay : ‖ To turne away from others to my selfe : * The sound senses , [ viz. that I may enamour him , or bewitch him with mad loue . ] * Sacred things [ or sacred rites . ] ‖ All other things but charmes are prepared [ or ready ] * My verses . ‖ My husband or louer . * Charmes can draw downe the Moone euen from heauen . ‖ Fetch downe . * Changed the companions of Vlysses [ into swine ] with her inchantments , [ or the companions to Vlysses . x Vlysseus ▪ ei & contractè Vlissi . 2. declin . vel mutauit Vlyssi . 3. declin . y For this story see Ouids Metamorph. with Sab. an●otations in the 14. booke . * Is bursten by singing ▪ [ viz. by charmes or inchantments . ] * I compasse about [ or I tie fast about ] to thee . * These three threeds of the shittle wherewith the sel●edges of the web are made . * Diuers with a threefold colour . ‖ Image or counterfet of waxe or clay . ‖ Round about . * Reioyceth [ or is delighted ] in an vnequall number , [ viz. an odde number ] as three , fiue or seuen . * Verses [ whereby she did charme or inchant . ] z The witch thus speakes vnto her maid . * With [ viz. on three knots . Al. Knit the knots . a Some bookes haue nodos , where , if it be so , ● . must be cut off , by a Grecisme , and no in nodos be short : but it is to be read modò . * Euen now or straightway . * Bonds of Venus , or Venus bonds , [ viz. to procure loue againe . ] b The witch hauing made two pictures of Daphnis , one of clay , the other of waxe , and setting them before the fire , thus she conjures . ‖ Slime or mud . * Doth waxe hard . ‖ The same heate of the fire . ‖ So let Daphnis be hardned against all others , and melt in loue to vs. * So Daphnis [ let him be hardened and sof●ned ] by our loue . * Sprinkle [ or strew about ] meale and salt . c With meale and salt they did vse to sprinkle their sacrifices . ‖ Kindle . d Bitumen is a kind of clay like pitch , & something of the nature of brimstone , burning like it . ‖ Slime . * Euill or wicked . ‖ Tormenteth me with loue of him . * Lawrell or bay . * In Daphnis , [ viz. vpon hi● in●age or counterfet , to be reuenged of him , in making him feele like torment to mine . * Verses . * Such a loue let it hold Daphnis what a one [ is , ] or doth hold a yong heifer ] when the heifer , &c. * Being lost [ or vndone , or cast away with loue . ] * For [ or because of ] a riuer of water . * Reed or sea-grasse . * Nor doth remember , * To giue place to the late night , [ or the darke night . ] ‖ Daphnis . * Neither let there be any care to me to cure [ him . ] * Perfidi● or false of promise . * Left these spoiles [ viz. apparell ] to 〈◊〉 once [ or in time past . ] * Being deare pledges of him [ or remembrances of his loue . ] ‖ Which garments ▪ ‖ I betake or commend to thee , burying them in thee . * In the very threshold , [ viz. at the entrance of my house . ‖ Meris a notable sorcerer . * Do owe Daphnis , [ that is , do make it e●ident that Daphnis is mine , due onely vnto me , and shall bring him backe to me ▪ ] * Poisonfull or venemous herbes seruing for inchantments . * To me . * Very many do grow . ‖ By these herbes or inchantments . * To be made a wolfe [ viz. to seeme to be changed into a wolfe . ] * And [ I haue seene him ] to hide . e Thus they were deluded by diuels appearing , which they tooke to be the soules of the departed . * To call out soules out of the lowest graues , [ viz. the soules of the dead ] or spirits . f Messes , haruests , for the sowne corne , is a Meto● . of the effect , or adiunct . * Carry the ashes without the doores . * To carry ouer [ viz. to remoue ] the sowne haruests other where , [ viz. from one place to another . ‖ The ashes [ of the inchanted fire . ] Al. Carry them to the flowing riuer . ‖ Ouer thy head backward . * To the flowing riuer [ or water . ] g To looke back , [ viz. to behold the Gods , or rather diuels in such kind of working , was thought to be dangerous . See Ramus Com. Or to looke backe , the Gods forbidding or disliking . * Thou shalt not looke behind thee , [ or thou shalt not looke backe . ] ‖ I will assay to bring Daphnis . * By these [ inchantments or means . ] * He cares for the Gods nothing , he cares for verses nothing . [ viz. he thinkes they can do nothing . ‖ Imbers . * Hath taken hold of the altars . * I tarry or delay , [ viz. prolong or protract the time , or linger [ to beare [ them o●t . ] * Let it be good [ lucke . ] ‖ What [ lucke ] viz. whether good or bad . * And also our dog barkes in the threshold , [ viz. at some body coming towards the doore . h Hylax is a fained name of a dog , which wee may call Ring , chanter , or barker , of 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , latro . ‖ May we beleeue . ‖ Do they who dote with loue , imagine things which are nothing so , [ viz. as they would haue them . * Spare ye . i The witch supposing that Daphnis was come home , and entring into the house , at whom the dog barked , thus stayes her charmes . * Whereunto the name [ is ] Meris . ‖ Philippi a citie in Thessalie , where Caesar and Pompey fought , and also Augustus with ●rutus and Cassius , as saith Seruius . ‖ Trium viri were magistrates in Rome , which being three together , had equall authoritie . ‖ Padus is now called Po , a riuer in Italy . ‖ Lands and possessions . * Pollio helping him . ‖ President or Lieutenant of the region beyond the riuer Po. ‖ Arrius a Captaine ouer an hundred souldiers . * It was away [ but ] a litle , [ viz. he had bene in danger to be slaine . ] * Him to whom he had committed the charge of all his businesse . * With the very least his detriment he could , [ viz. with as litle hurt to Virgil. * He therefore , viz Meris , Virgils bayliffe or o●erseer of his goods . * Commandement . * Of his patron . * Some little gift . * Hauing goten occasion , laments for the calamitie [ or miserie of those times . ] * Oh Meris , whither [ do ] thy feete [ carry ] thee ? whether whither the way leades , into the citie , [ viz. to Mantua ] ‖ Directs . * O Lycidas , we haue come aliue , that the stranger being the possessor of our litle field ( which we neuer feared ) should say , These [ goods ] are mine : ye old inhabitants flit ye . ‖ That strangers possessing our lands , should driue vs out , [ viz. the Romane souldiers . ‖ Our farmes or fields . ‖ Ancient husbandmen [ or farmers ] ‖ Get ye out . * Now we being ouercome [ and ] sad ( because chance turnes all things vpside downe ) do send these kids vnto him , ( which present ) let not [ God ] turne well , [ viz. God grant he may haue no good of . ] a These kids were sent for a present to Arrius the Captaine , who had their lands . * Which [ gift . ] ‖ In truth [ or certainly ] I had heard reported . * Your Menalcas [ viz. Virgil ] to haue kept all things by his verses . * From what [ part ] the hils begin to withdraw themselues , and to send downeward their top [ viz. to descend ] with a soft [ or easie ] turning banke , [ viz. with an easie descent or going downe . * Vnto the water , and to the tops of the old beech tree now broken [ or decayed . ] ‖ Myncius . * Thou hadst heard [ it , ] and the fame hath bene , [ or it was the fame . ‖ Talke , noise , or report . ‖ Amongst warlike weapons [ or amongst souldiers in warre . ] b Martiall darts for weapons of wa●re , and they put for the souldiers vsing those weapons , and also for the time of warre . Metalep . * How much they say the pigeons of Chaonia [ to preuaile ] the Eagle comming . ‖ Doues . c Chaonia a region of Epeirus . d Of this prediction by the chough on the left hand , see the first Eclogue . The chough at the left hand , and the crow at the right hand , are said to be luckie , forewarning dangers to auoid them . ‖ That vnlesse I had bin admonished by a happy diuination [ or prediction ] by the chough sitting on my left hand , foreshewing some danger towards me , and therefore to cut off all new occasions of contention , &c. * Neither this thy [ old friend ] Meris [ should liue ] nor Menalcas himselfe [ viz. Virgil my maister ] should liue [ could haue escaped the souldiers hands . ] * Alas , doth so great a wickednesse [ or so foule a deed ] fall vpon any man [ viz. that he should intend to kill Virgil , or thinke of such a matter ? ] ‖ Ioyes or comforts . * Snatch away to vs , [ viz. from vs. ] ‖ Who should celebrate [ or extoll ] the Nymphs in song [ or verse . ] * Sprinkle [ viz. set or decke ] the ground with flourishing herbes ? or who should bring in [ viz. couer or inclose ] the fountaines [ or springs ] with a greene shade ? [ viz who should sing of the ground so strewed , and the springs so couered ? * Or [ who should sing those ] * Verses which I stole away being silent [ or holding my peace ] of late , when as thou didst carry thy selfe to Amaryl our dainties , [ viz. our loue , kind to vs both ? ] ‖ Ioy. ‖ O Tityrus ●end [ or keepe ] * My litle goates . * And also ▪ * Driue them to drinke being fed : and betweene to do [ viz. as thou art driuing them , * To meete often the high goate . ‖ He will tub [ or rush ] with his hornes . ‖ Which Menal● as himselfe did sing , &c. * To Varus . * Not as yet perfect , viz. not fully finis●ed . ‖ For vs [ to inhabite . ] e The Poet thus laments Mantua , because it came to be spoiled by meanes of the nearnesse to Cremon . Al. Oh Mantua , too neare to Cremon , alas [ for thee ] poore miserable [ citie . ] ‖ Keepe farre from the yeugh trees which are hurtf●ll to bee● of a venemous nature , and dangerous in some parts to sleepe vnder . * The Cyrnean yeugh trees . f Cyrne is an 〈◊〉 of the Tyr●hene sea , called Corsica : it signifieth also an yeugh tree in Greeke . ‖ With the best grasse , stuffe their vdders [ with milke . ] g Cithysus a kinde of trifoly or three leaued grasse much increasing milke . See before . * Stretch forth their vdders or dugs . ‖ Begin to sing some songs . * The Pierides : see before in the third Eclogue . * Haue made me also a Poet. * There are both verses . * A Prophet . * But I am not credulous , [ viz. easie to beleeue them , or I do not beleeue them . * To speake [ or sing songs ] worthy of Varus , [ or I do not seeme so to Varus , ] nor to speake things worthy of Cinna [ viz. worthy for Cinna to reade , ] but to make a noise [ as ] a goose amongst the shrill swans . * I do that in truth , [ viz. I prepare my selfe to sing . ] * I being silent reuol● it with my selfe , [ viz. am thinking of it in silence . ‖ Meditate [ or am bethinking my selfe of it . ] * If I could call it to mind [ or recall it . ] * An vn●oble song ▪ [ or of no estimation , or meane ] viz. that which he writ concerning Galatea . * Galatea come hither . ‖ See what sport here is in the waters . ‖ The spring flourishing with purple flowers . * The ground doth powre out here diuers flowers about the streames . ‖ Here grow abundantly . ‖ The white poplar tree hangs ouer the caue , couering it . * Weaue litle shadowes , [ viz. make a pleasant shade . * And suffer [ that ] the , &c. * Mad [ viz. outragious or exceeding great ] waues strike the shores . ‖ Which I had heard thee singing alone in a p●re [ viz. a cleare or bright ] night or e●ening . * The n●bers [ viz. the rime or note ] if I could hold the words . ‖ The dittie or song it selfe . h These verses were made in the praise of Iulius Caesar or of Augustus . * Looke vpon [ or so carefully obserue . i The signes consist of many starres , of which sort 47 are obserued in the whole heauen . 20 Northren , 12 of the Zodiack , 15 Southerne . * Signes . * The signe [ consisting of many stars ] * Of Caesar [ descended ] of Dione the mother of Venus , and so of Aeneas , of whom they say Iulius Caesar came . k At the playes made at the funerall of Iulius Caesar , a blazing starre appeared about eleuen a clocke of the day , and continued for 7 whole dayes , being thought by the Romanes to be the soule of Iulius Caesar . * Hath gone forward [ or the moneth of Iuly is now begun ] which was so called of Iulius Caesar. l The signe vnder which the corne and grapes begin to be ripe , meaning in Iuly , hauing the name of Iulius Caesar , or August , hauing the name of Augustus Caesar. * Might ioy [ do make men to reioyce ] in their [ ripe ] fruites . * The grape drawes [ her ] colour , [ viz. the grapes begin to ripen . ] * Lying open to the Sunne , not shadie . ‖ Plant orchards , [ viz. giue thy selfe to planting . ‖ Thy posteritie . * Shall plucke thy apples , [ viz shall gather the fruite of thy planting . ] m Fert pro au●ert . ‖ Depriues vs of . * And also [ it taketh away ] the mind . * I remember my selfe being a boy , to hide oft times long suns with singing , [ viz ▪ to be able to sing all the day vntill after sun-set . ] n Condere pro abscondere . o Soles pro diebus . Met. ●ffic . * Now so many verses [ are ] forgotten of me . p Oblitus is here vsed pasaiuely , as oft in Deponen●s . * Verses . * Also the voice it selfe now doth flie Meris , [ viz. I haue now lost euen my voice by reason of my age , no otherwise thenof the wolfes had spied me first . q This seemeth to haue bin a receiued obseruation , that if the wolfe espied the shepherd first before he spied the wolf , that then his voice was taken away for the present that he could not ●rie against the wolfe ; and contrarily , that if the sheepheard spied him first , then the wolfe was weakened & scared by a certain antipathy : whence came the prouerbe , Lupus est in fabula , which we vse when he comes in , of whom the speech is , & so the speech is cut off . * Being the former . ‖ Relate , or record to thee . * Lyc. Thou drawest on our loues into a long [ time ] by alledging causes [ or making delayes ] by knitting causes , viz. excuses , that thou may est not sing . * Also now all the sea being layed , [ viz. made calme ] is silent to thee , [ viz. to heare thee sing . * And ( behold . ) * Of the windie noise [ viz. the winds making a noise ] haue fallen [ viz. are now layed and downe . * From hence moreouer is the mid way to vs [ viz. we are now in the mid way to Mantua . * The sepulcher [ or graue ] of Byaenor [ who built Mantua , and called it by the name of his mother Mantus . ‖ I see Byanors tombe . * [ Let vs sing ] here where the husbandmen do bind [ or do lop and cut downe ] the thicke boughes , [ viz. do coard wood , or make fagots ] Meris let vs sing here . ‖ The kids which thou bearest . ‖ Time enough , or soone enough . ‖ Lest the night gather raine before . * Continually [ till we come there . ] ‖ The way will be lesse grieuous . * Bundle , [ viz. I will carry thy kids . ] * O lad ceasse [ to say ] any moe things . ‖ Let vs looke to the businesse we haue in hand , [ viz. to deliuer our present in time . * Which is instant . * We shall sing verses better then when [ Menalcas ] himselfe shall come . ‖ Virgil. * A choise Poet. ‖ President or Lieutenant . ‖ He was euen mad with the loue of Cytheris an harlot or where . * Desperately or outragiously loued . * One who was lately a seruant , now set free . * Neither she answered his mutuall loue , [ viz. loued him not againe . * But he being despised ▪ she had followed Anthonie into France , [ viz. Anthonies armie . * He is beleeued , or credibly reported . ‖ Whereupon . ‖ Vplandish , rurall , homely , or taken from matters of the countrey . * And also this whole . ‖ The first Idy●ion of Theocritus called Thyrsis . ‖ Followes or sets out . a The Poet in this last pastoral being to celebrate the memory of another famous Poet called Cornelius Gallus , inuocates the Nymphs of Syracusa to help him * Oh Arethusa . ‖ Arethusa is a fountaine of sweete water of Syracusa , where Theocritus liued . Whereby he meaneth the Muses of Syracusa and of Theocritus , whom he inuocates to helpe him therein . ] * A few verses are to be said [ or sung ] to my Gallus [ or of my Gallus ] [ viz. of the loues of my Gallus towards Cytheris , whom here he calls Lycoris . ] 1 The fountaine Arethuse is numbred among the wonders of waters , that it hauing the head in Peloponnesus is thought to run maruellous farre vnder the sea , and to breake soorth againe at this fountaine . * So bitter Doris [ viz. the bitter or brackie sea ] let her not intermingle [ or mixe ] her waue [ viz her water ] to thee [ viz. with thy sweete water ] whenas thou shalt slide vnder the Sicanian flouds [ or streames ] [ viz. the waues of the sea of Sicily . ‖ As thou shalt fauour and helpe vs , so let thy sweet● waters be kept pure from the salt waters of the sea , which th● ru●st vnder . 2 Doris a Goddesse of the sea , daughter to Oceanus , and wife of Nere● mother of the Nymphs , put for the sea by a Me● . 〈◊〉 . 3 Sicani people of Spaine or Sicily , which came from Spaine , from whom the sea is so-named . b Here first begins the proposition of the Eclogue , wherin the Poet stirres vp himselfe and his Muse to sing some songs of Gallus and his carefull loues . And this from the time and his leisure , and also from the audience which they should haue . * [ O Nymph ] begin , let vs speake of [ or report ] the carefull loues of Gallus . ‖ Do nip or brouze the yong shootes , or twigs , or new sprouts . * Do answer all things [ by their eccho , or by other shepheards . ] c Secondly , he accuseth the Muses that they were so carelesse of Gallus , to let him so to leaue his studies , and to perish in such vnbeseeming loue , that they could not be found to reclaime or pitie him , no not in any hill , nor about any fountaine . * O ye girles [ called ] Naiades , [ viz. ye Nymphs of the fountaines . [ These were Fairies haunting about such places . ] ‖ Groues . ‖ Forrests or parks . * Had you , [ viz. kept you away . ] ‖ By vnbefitting or disdai●full loue . * For neither the ridges of Parnassus [ haue made or caused delay ] to you , for neither any [ ridges ] of the hill Pindus haue made delay to you [ or stayed you , ] nor Aganippe [ the fountaine of Aonia or Boetia . 4 Parnassus is a mount of Phocis . 5 Pindus of Thessaly , both consecrated to Apollo . 6 Aganippe a fountain o● Boetia , dedicated to the Muses . d When all things seemed to mourne for him , both bay trees , shrubs . * Euen the lawrell trees [ haue wept for ] him , and also the tamaruke [ or beath ] haue wept [ viz. bewailed his misfortune . * Also Menalus bearing pine-trees [ bewailed ] him . ‖ A solitary rocke , or a bare rocke , all alone . Hils . And sheepe . ‖ Rockes . ‖ Lycaeus a mountaine of Arcadia , dedicated to Pan. Of which , by an Apostrophe , he professeth himselfe not to be ashamed , like as the sheepe were not ashamed of him . And so moues Gallus not to be abashed of tending sheepe , for that Ado● is did the same . * Haue bewailed him . * Neither doth it repent [ or shame ] them of vs , [ they are not ashamed of ●s to tend them ▪ [ or it repe●ts them not to mourne for our cause ] or by an Hypallage , it repe●ts not vs of them . * Neither . * Let it repent thee of cattell , [ viz. be not ashamed or grieued to tend cattell . ] * Also faire Adonis fed sheepe at the riuers . After he shewes how shepheards came . ‖ Adonis sonne of Cinyra king of Cyprus , beloued of Venus for his beautie . ‖ Tended . * The shepheard . 7 Vpilio pro opilio , & opilio q. ouilio , qui o●es custodit . Neat-heards . ‖ Heardmen . Swineheards , [ or those who looked to ●eed swine ] as Menalcas who came wringing wet . Al. Swineheards or hogheards . * Menalcas being wet [ or all wet ] came from the Winter acorne [ viz. from gathering acornes in the Winter for his swine . All these wondered at this mad loue of Gallus , enquiring whence it was . ‖ All of them aske how Gallus should fall into this franticke loue . e Yea the Gods themselues who had had experience of the power of loue , came to comfort him ; as Apollo , who in rebuking wise askes him , why he did so torment himselfe , seeing Lycoris was runne after another man , viz. after M. Antonius a Captaine into France . * [ And ] said , Gallus , why art thou mad ? * Lycoris [ all ] thy care . ‖ Ouer the Alpes , where snow lieth almost all the yeare long . * The horrible campes [ or tents of 〈◊〉 souldiers . ] Secondly Syluanus the God of the woods , who is described by his Adiuncts , how he came adorned with a garland on his head , and shaking ferule branches and lillies in his hand . ‖ With a garland on his head , which is the pompe [ or honour of the countrey ] ‖ Shaking in his hands branches of ferule . ‖ The ferule is a kind of shrub or big herbe like vnto fennel giant , with the branches whereof schoole-maisters vsed to i●rt children on the hands , whence came the name of the F●rula . Ferulaeque tristes , sceptra paedagogorum . Mart. * Great lillies . Thirdly , Pan the God of shepheards musicke came likewise to comfort him , who is set out also by his Adiuncts : how he was painted all red with elder berries and with vermilion . Who comforts Gallus as Apollo did , rebuking him louingly : That sorrow was no meanes to cure loue , but the more he wept , the more he might . And this he illustrates by three similitudes or arguments à pari . That as grasse cannot be satisfied by riuers running by , nor bees with the flower of Cythisus , nor goates with tender sprigs of trees , so nor loue with teares . * Being red with bloudie berries of the ebull [ or low elder , ] [ it is a tree like the elder tree in leafe and berry , but not so big in growth . ] ‖ Red lead . * And what measure shall there be , quoth he ? ‖ Loue is nothing moued with sorrow or griefe . ‖ Content or satisfied . * Nor the grasse [ is satiate . ] * With riuers watering them . ‖ Filled or satiate , * With Cythisus [ viz. with the flowers of it . ] Of this herb in the first Eclogue . * Nor the little goates [ are satisfied ] * With a bough or tender sprig of a tree . Syn. sp ▪ f Hither to hath Virgil spoken in his owne person : now is Gallus brought in answering , and comforting himselfe . First , that the Arcadians the onely skilfull musitians of the world , should record his loues , and then how sweetly his bones should rest thereby . * But he [ viz. Gallus ] being sad [ or pensiu● ] said , ye Arcadians , &c. * Being alone skilfull to sing [ or in singing : ] ch how softly the bones may rest to me then , [ viz how sweetly shall my bones rest [ in my graue . ] ‖ Song . ‖ May speake of . * In time to come , or hereafter . ‖ I would to God. Secondly , that Gallus detesting his owne estate , wisheth that he had bene a countreyman , either a shepherd or a dresser of vines , for the delights and companie which such haue to sport withall , as of Phillis and Amyntas . That although Amyntas was blacke , yet so are violets and bramble berries also . * A keeper . * A gatherer of your ripe grapes , [ viz. a dresser of your vines . * Certainly [ or surely ] whether Phillis were [ a louer ] to me , or else Amyntas [ were ] [ a louer , ] or whatsoeuer furie [ or raging loue , viz. louer causing raging loue ] ( what then if Amyntas be browne [ viz. swart or blacke ? ] * The berries of the great bramble . And he could delight himselfe with them . ‖ Should rest . Phillis should make him garlands , Amyntas should sing . * Phillis should gather garlands for me , [ viz. flowers to make garlands for me . ] Thirdly , he in a new and sudden passion of loue , turneth his speech to Lycoris , whom he seeketh to call backe by the pleasantuesse of the places where he was . As coole fountaines , sweet medowes and woods . * O Lycoris [ my loue ] here [ are ] cold springs . * Cold as ice . ‖ Here in the countrey . * Soft medowes . * A wood . * Here I could be spent with thee for eternitie [ or for euer ] g Nunc insanus , &c. ] Here Gallus breaks ou● to bewaile the miserie both of himselfe and of Lycoris his loue . That as she was now , so his heart was with her in the midst of the enemies and warres : and thus he falleth into exclamations , commiserating her hard heart and wofull case , by an Apostrophe , turning his speech vnto her . * I could be consumed . * Mad loue . * Detaines [ or holds ] me , [ viz. in affection or my affections . ] * In the weapons [ viz. among the weapons of hard [ viz. cruell ] Mars . * And aduerse enemies , [ viz. violently bent against vs. ] * Thou ( ah hard ) [ Lycoris . ] * Let it not be for me to beleeue . That she was now in France , farre off from her countrey , or about the Alpes , readie to perish by the coldnesse of the countrey , caused both by the snowes and frosts , and riuers , and none to care for her . * The snowes of the Alpes [ viz. of mountaines whereby Italy is diuided from France and Germanie , ] called Alpes , q. albes , because they are almost alwayes white with snow . * Ah [ take heed ] lest the sharpe ice cut the tender soles of the feete to thee . And so perswades her in regard of the cold & sharpnesse of the countries , rather to returne into Italy againe . h In the 12 next verses Gall● propounds vnto himselfe the remedies which he wil vse for the ●uring of his loue , by contrary studies . * I will go , and will tune [ or play ] the songs which are made of me in Calcidian verse , with an oaten pipe of a Sicilian shepheard . * With an oate . ‖ By the Sicilian shepheard , ●e meaneth Theocritus . * Songs which are made to me , [ viz. of me . ] ‖ In the verse of Euphor●on the Poet of Chalchis , whom Gallus translated forth of Greeke into Latin. * It is determined [ of me ] to will rather to suffer [ any miserie . ] As first by giuing his minde to the studie of Poetrie , wherein he propounds to imitate Euphorion and Theocritus . And so to liue solitarie in woods , there to write his songs of loue , and to ca●e them in trees , that they may grow vp with the trees . * To cut in [ or car●e ] my loues , [ viz. songs of my loue ] in tender trees [ viz. barks of trees . ] The second remedie of his loue , should be by his trauelling , and seeking new loues . * In the meane while I will view the hils called Menalus , the Nymphs being mixt , [ or frequent there . ] The third remedie , by giuing himselfe to hunting , and by enduring therein whatsoeuer annoyance ; and this is set out by the places and delights which he seemed to enioy in the very conceit thereof . * The fierce beares . * Not any colds shall forbid me to compasse about the Partheniā launds [ or forrests ] with dogs . ‖ Parthenius is a mountaine of Arcadia , so call'd of the virgins which vsed to hunt there , 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . ‖ Now me thinks I go , ‖ Through [ or amongst ] the rockes and sounding groues [ viz. sounding with the Eccho . ] As going amongst the rockes and groues , shooting with most excellent bowes and arrowes , that so he may asswage the furie of his raging loue . * It listeth me to whirle [ or shoote forth ] Cydonian darts with a Parthian horne , [ viz a bow tipped with horne : ] as if this may be the medicine of our furie , [ viz. the remedie of our furious [ or ouer passionate ] loue . ] 8 Cydon is a citie of Creete , where are most excellēt reeds to make arrowes . 9 The Parthians were most notable archers . ‖ Cupid the God of loue . * To waxe milde by the euils of men , [ viz. by our miseries . ] i Here the Poet suddenly disliking the former remedies , setteth out the inconstancie of loue , and that no remedies can cure it , neither the pleasures of the woods , no● the studie of Poetrie , no no● any musicke , no● yet any toyles can asswage the rage thereof ▪ * Now againe neither the Hamadryades [ do please vs , ] nor [ our ] verses themselues do please vs. ‖ Hamadryades are Nymphs breeding and dying with the ●akes . ‖ Songs . * Yeeld ye [ to loue ] [ viz. because ye cannot cure it . ] ‖ All our toyles and trauels cannot change [ or turne ] * Him [ viz. Cupid ] that is , cannot asswage our loue . ] Nor enduring of any hardnesse , set out 1 by drinking vp the coldest riuer . * If we both drinke . ‖ Hebrus the riuer of Thracia . * In the cold , being in the midst [ or in the midst of the cold , or amidst the cold . * And vndergo , [ viz endure to trauell in the snowes of Scythia in the Winter . And secondly by abiding the deepest snows ▪ ‖ Al. Snowes of Sithon a mountaine of Thracia . * Nor if we oft turne about [ viz. do tend ] the sheepe of the Ethiopians vnder the signe of Cancer , [ viz. in the hotest scorching heate . Thirdly , by suffering the most scorching heate in the hottest countries of the world , neare the burning line , and in the patching Sunne , when all things seeme to begin to die with heate . ‖ Whenas the highest trees do seeme to scorch and die with heate . ‖ Euery thing [ viz. euery liuing creature , to make them yeeld to satisfie it . ] Whence Gallus concludeth that loue ouercometh all things , and therfore he must needs yeeld to loue . ‖ Let vs yeeld to loue , [ viz. let vs also suffer our selues to be ouercome by it , or we may also yeeld to loue . k Here Virgil speakes himselfe , and concludeth this Eclogue with an Apostrophe and inuocation of the Muses , that Gallus might accept of his homely verse ; that the Muses themselues wold make these verses meete for Gallus , whilst ●e is still making vp his wicker stuffe , viz. perfecting his other Pastorals . ‖ Ye Muses . ‖ It shall suffice that your Poet [ Virgil ] hath sung these songs [ viz. verses . ] * Whilst he sits and weaues [ or plats ] a little pannier [ or maund ] with a slender bulrush . ‖ Of the Pierides see before in the 3 6. and 8. Eclogues . * Greatest [ verses ] viz. fit and meete for Gallus , [ viz. that he may receiue them with the like affection as I haue written them . ] l And thence he laboureth to expresse his loue to Gallus , how his loue towards him did increase continually ; & this by an argument à pari . That is increased as much each houre , as the alder trees shootes foorth in the prime of the Spring . * The loue of whom increaseth so much to me in houres , [ viz. euerie houre . ] * How much the greene alder tree subiects it selfe [ viz. growes spreading abroad downeward and each way ] in the new spring [ or in the beginning of the spring , or in the flourishing spring . ] m Afterward taketh occasion to end this Eclogue from the danger of the place where he sat , viz. vnder a iuniper tree , the shadow whereof is especially hurtfull , as the shadows of all trees are to things growing vnder them , and therfore he should arise . * Grieuous to [ men ] singing , [ viz. to shepheards when they sing , lying vnder the shadowes of trees . ] ‖ Noisome [ or hurtfull , [ viz. is especially hurtfull . * The fruites also , [ viz. corne or whatsoeuer groweth vnder them . ] n And finally he shuts vp all by turning his speech vnto his goates , that they might now go home , both being full , and the euening starre now shewing it selfe . * Being full . * The euening starre comes , [ viz. doth shew it selfe . ] * Go ye [ my ] little goates . Ite , ●te . Apost● . & Epan . Notes for div A14494-e36780 * There are foure bookes of Virgil called Georgica , meaning Georgica carmina , or documenta georgica , that is , instructions of husbandrie , of 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , terra , whereof is made 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , and of 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , opus , of which comes 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , agricola , an husbandman , and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , ●gri colendi peritus , viz. skilfull in husbandrie . The first of these bookes is concerning corne ; the second of trees , especially of vines ; the third of cattell ; this fourth of Bees . * [ Virgil ] doth prosecute most copiously the care of Bees , and the reason of mellification in this fourth booke . ‖ The subiect matter of this booke . * Was so straight [ or narrow . ] * Consumed or spent . ‖ Enlargeth it . ‖ By matters [ from the point . ] ‖ Borrowed speeches and comparisons . * 〈◊〉 of their chiefe 〈◊〉 , or common halls . * Studies or delights . * Exceeds . * ●dfull of . * His 〈◊〉 translations . * And this booke . * Cut. * For he prosecutes the care of defending , &c. in the former part of it . * He prosecutes [ or accomplisheth ] the reason [ or way ] whereby they may be repaired againe , when they shall die vtterly , in the latter [ part . ] * From the foundation . * Who is beleeued to haue repaired first his lost Bees , [ viz his Bees being dead . ] * Forthwith [ or now afterwards ] the kingdomes smelling againe [ or sweete smelling kingdomes . ] * Of ●iery h●ny [ viz. falling from , or made , or gathered in the aire . * And also the Bees of Hybla , Syn●d . * Chosen . * [ He shewes ] also the moist hony combes , being heauenly gifts . ‖ By the meanes of certaine beasts which he killed , and vsed to that purpose . ● Their hony combes . ‖ What swarmes of Bees . ‖ A Counseller at the Law. a These words contain 〈◊〉 proposition of this fourth booke , according to the distribution in the very entrance of the first booke . Onely the tran●ition is more obscure then in the former bookes ▪ thus in effect . Hauing dispatched my verse concerning cattell , which was my third part , I will now proceed to the ordering of Bees , which is the last . Wherein by an Apostrophe or turning his speech to Maecenas , to whom he dedicated these bookes , he stirres him vp , and so all who shall reade it , to attention , from the admirablenesse of these things whereof he is to speake ( being so smal in shew ) concerning the whole gouernment of Bees , their Captaines , manners , studies , people , skirmishes , and the like . * I will execute [ 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 ] forthwith . ‖ Gifts sent from heauen , and of a very heauenly or excellent nature . * Of aierie hony . ‖ Accept fauo●rably this part of my worke of husbandrie concerning bees , like as the former . * Behold also . * I will speake [ or shew ] to thee . * Wonderfull spectacles [ or shewes , as in playes ] of light things , [ viz. things but small , or not so much accounted of . ‖ Valorous leaders [ or guides or kings . ] * And also [ I will shew vnto you . ] * And studies [ viz. endeuours or exercises . ] * And people . ‖ Duly or plainly . ‖ [ Viz. ] in the care about the ordering of bees , yet the glory which comes to the husbandman is not small . I The old Romanes vsed to pray vnto certain Gods to help them , and to others not to hurt them , as to 〈◊〉 , Du● & Robigus , &c. * Battels or warres . * Left [ viz. ouerthwart , vnluckie , noisome , shrewd , or hurting diuine powers . Secondly , that though 〈◊〉 labour be but in a small matter , yet the glorie coming of the skill ▪ is not small , so that the Gods be fauourable , and hinder not . * Do suffer any man. b And that he may proceed in order , he sheweth that first a fit standing is to be sought out for bees ; & 〈◊〉 describes the place meete for them , first by the things which are hurtfull to bees , that they may not be annoyed thereby , but stand remote from them ; as first the winds hindring that they cannot bring home their prouision . * Doth heare , [ viz. do direct and prosper . * In the beginning a seate [ is to be sought ] for the bees , and a standing is to be sought . ‖ Passage . * Whither neither an entrance can be the winds . * Do forbid . * Food , [ viz. nourishment 〈◊〉 maintenance . ‖ May oft bounce on the flowers , and tread them downe . ‖ The wandring heifer , [ viz. cattell going vp and downe . * And the lizzards painted [ in regard of their fo●te backes [ or vpon their foule backes ] let them be away , [ viz. let them not be neare . ‖ May smite the dew from off the herbes , and weare or spoile the herbes which should rise vp . Secondly , cattell , as sheepe , kids , bullockes , or he●fers , eating vp or treading downe the flowers , on which they should labour , or smiting off the hony dew from them . ‖ Filthy or horrible , as with painted circles in their backes . * Meropes , birds haunting bee hiues , and deuouring the bees and their hony , called Wood-peckers or Eate-bees . Thirdly , venemous beasts , as newts , lizards or the like . * Progne . How Progne Pandious daughter was changed into a swallow , see the sixt book of Ouids Metam . with Sabines Com. at large . She was turned into a swallow , as her husband pursued her for the slaughter of her sonne It is , the markes whereof are on her breast . * Signed [ in regard of her ] brest . Syn. Fourthly birds , as bee-eaters , spoyling both bees and hony ▪ and swallowes deuouring them as they flie vp and downe , and also carrying them to their yong . * For they waste all things all abroad , and they carry in [ their ] mouth them [ viz. the bees ] flying , being a pleasant meate to their vngentle nests , [ viz to their yong ones which deuour the bees brought by their dams ▪ ] ‖ From the full hiues fat with hony . Secondly , he set● out the place by the thing● which are good for bees , or by the efficient causes of their prospering , as first cleare springs and fountaines , faire standing ponds greene with mosse , or little streames running through the grasse for the watering of the bees , viz. where they may drinke most conueniently . ‖ Cruell , hard hearted , [ viz nourished with the death of other creatures . ‖ Weeds growing in it , and after a sort couering it . * But liquid sountaines and standing waters greene with mosse , let be present [ viz. let them haue , &c. ] * Riuer flying [ viz. running ] by the grasse [ let it be present . ] ‖ See that there be palme trees [ viz. date trees or the like . * The porch . Secondly , trees , plants or herbes . Trees , as the palme ouershadowing the entrance of their hiues , or the wilde oliue to the same purpose . ‖ Great oliue tree , [ viz. some other great trees which the bees like best . Also banks of herbs or lesse plants to allure the yong ones in the Spring to sport abroad and to get them out of the heate . * In their spring , [ viz. the time meet for their first going out . * Yong bees . * The banke neare may inuite [ viz. allure or entice them ] to depart [ or giue place ] to [ or from ] the heate [ of the Sunne into the shadow . ] * And the tree meeting [ them ] may hold [ or receiue them . ] And great trees in the way to serue them to light and rest vpon . Thirdly , that they should haue boughes of trees , as of ●allowes or the like , to be layed ouerthwart in the water . ‖ With her boughes full of greene leaues , for the yong bees to light vpon . * Whether the mo●sture [ viz. water ] shall stand sluggish , [ viz. still , not mouing , ] or whether it flow [ viz. run ] continually : ‖ Cast into the midst [ thereof ] willowes layed acrosse and big stones . Or great stones to be set therein , for the bee● to saue themselues 〈◊〉 for to rest vpon . ‖ Into the midst of the water for the bees to light vpon . * That [ the bees ] may stand sure vpon . And that they may spread their wings , laying them open against the Sunne , if the windes shall plunge any of them into the water . * Often bridges [ viz. lying thicke together , or many . ‖ Spread abroad . * The headlong East wind . Fourthly , that they should haue store of sweete smelling herbes to be planted round about the waters , and about the hiues , as namely Cassia , wilde marioram , winter sauorie . ‖ Staying long abroad . * Or shall drowne [ viz. dip them ] into Neptune , [ viz shall cast them headlong into the water . * Let greene Cassi ▪ [ flourish ] about these [ places ] or bee-gardens . ] * Of Cassia see before in the second Eclogue . Also bankes of violets , &c. * Wilde bett●nie [ smelling like wilde marjoram , or it may be taken for sauorie . ] ‖ Hysope . * Casting out a sauour grieuously , [ viz. smelling very strong , or being strong of sent . * Beds [ or borders ] of violets . * Drinke the watering [ or maistening ] spring , [ viz. let them be planted neare the water sides , where they may draw moisture . ] c Hitherto the Poet hath described the bee-garden , viz. the place fit for the stāding of bees : now he commeth to a second precept concerning the hiues , to shew what ones they must be , both for the matter and fashion . * Whether [ they shall be ] sowed to them with hollowed barks , [ viz. whether you shall make them of barkes of trees sewed together , ] or whether they shall be wouen with a limber twig [ or ozier ] viz. made of rods . First , for the matter , that they be made of hollow barks sewed together , or of rods or twigs . Secondly , for the entrance● of the hiues , that they be narrow , to keep our both cold and heate : because the Winter cold hardens the hony , and Summer heate dissolues it . * Doth make thick [ or doth thicken ] or make hard ] the honies . * And heate remits [ viz. dissolues ] the same [ honies ] being molten [ viz. made thin , that is , heate ●elts and dissolues them . That the violence and danger of both these is to be feared & prenented alike he proues further , frō the endeuo●rs of the bees themselues against such iniuries of the weather . * Both the violence [ of cold and heate ] is to be feared . ‖ To be feared to bees , [ viz. to be preuented . ] * Neither they do da●be in vaine , or without iust c●se . * Daub● ouer . That they stop close all the little holes and tifts in their hiues with waxe , mosse , flowers , and with a kind of glue more slimie then birdlime or pitch . * Striuingly or by strife . * In the roofes [ or houses ] ‖ And stop . * Vtmost parts [ or skirts , viz. clifts or chinkes . ] * With fucus : some take this to be meant of a counterfet kind of waxe , but more pitchie , gathered of the gums of trees ; others for a kinde of mosse . * Keepe or saue . * Offices or businesses . ‖ Tough or gummie . ‖ The pitch of the pitch trees of Ida [ an hill in Phrygia , ] * The Phrygian Ida. ] And that for more safetie against all such perill , they haue bene found to haue made their houses within the ground . * Haue digged [ their ] house in holes digd out vnder the ground . And in pumeise stones all eaten . And so in trunkes of hollow trees . * Altogether [ or deeply . ] Thirdly , for the better preseruing the hiues from all such violence of weather and other inconueni●ces , to daub them smoothly with mud , & to strew leaues thereon to keepe the hiues moist from chopping . * Caue , [ viz. the hollownesse * Of a tree all eaten with rottennesse . ‖ Howbeit . * Annoint thou [ their ] lodgings full of clifts [ or rifts , or chinkes . ] * With smooth raud , [ viz. smoothed on the outside , or finely tempered . ] ‖ Oxe dung or the like . * Cherishing [ them , ] [ viz. to preserue them from all violence both of heate and cold . ] ‖ And moreouer cast vpon the hiues thus daubed , leaues here and there , [ viz. to keepe the mud or dung moist and from chinking . ] d After he proceedeth to giue warning of such things as are noisome to the hiues , like as he had before for the bee-gardens : as that the good husband should not suffer yough trees to grow too neare them ; nor to burne the shels of sea-crabs neare vnto them : nor to let them stand ouer neare to deepe fens or standing waters . * Neither suffer . * Nearer to [ their ] roofes , [ viz. hiues . ] ‖ Crabs or creuisses , which are red when they are sod or burnt . * In [ thy ] hearth [ or chimney , ] whereby the smell may come to the bees . ‖ Let not your bees stand neare vnto a moore or watery place being deepe . * Or where the smell of mud [ or dirt ] is grieucus . Nor neare vnto any filthy smell of mud , nor any great sounding of waters . Nor where there is a loud ●ccho . * Stones . ‖ Do make a noise . * By beating vpon . e Here now followeth a third precept concerning the worke of the Bees in the Spring and in the Summer time . Where first the Poet describes the Spring by the efficient cause of it , to wit , the Sunne , viz. when the Sunne coming nearer vnto vs , hath with his light chased away the Winter , and begins to bring the Summer ; that then the bees trauell forthwith far and neare thorough forrests and woods , and all other places where they may gather their prouision . ‖ Vnto the Antipodes , where it is Winter when it is Summer with vs. * The image of the voice offended leapes backe [ viz. where there is a great Eccho , which comes by the beating backe of the voice . ‖ The [ bees ] presently passe through vplands or launds . * Hath vnshut [ or opened ] heauen with the Summer light , [ viz. the pleasant Sunne in the spring . ] How they sucke it chitfly from the pleasant flowers . * Reape [ viz. gather the nourishment or the prouision vpon ] the flowers . And being light of body , they sip water whersoeuer they find it . And hauing so done , they returne home chearfully . * Do taste lightly the vpmost flouds , [ viz. the vpmost parts of the waters . libare q. labiare , i. e. primis labris attingere . ‖ Nourish . And both cherish their brood , and maintaine their hiues . * Sweetnesse . * Ofspring or issue . * [ Their ] nest ● ▪ How hereupon they artificially frame their combes of waxe and hony . * From hence they beate out as with a hammer or weild , viz. frame . * Fresh waxe by art . * Frame their . * You shall now see aloft a troupe [ of bees ] sent forth out of [ their ] caues vnto the flarres of heauen , to swimme through the liquid Summer , [ viz. the cleare aire in the Summer . ] ‖ Cleauing , glu●sh , gummie . f Afterwards vpon this occasion of their flying abroad , he cometh to a fourth precept , for the retaining of their swarmes with sweete smels of herbes , and with sounds . * Behold , [ or marke it well : ] for ] they . That when the keepers of them see a great swarme of them gathered like a cloud , and wauing in the skie , they then seeke waters , and a new house amongst the boughes of trees . ‖ Wonder at . ‖ A swarme of bees gathered round together like a darke cloud . ‖ Caried or moued . * And branching roofes , [ viz. to make their abode amongst the greene boughes of trees . * Balme gently bruzed . This is an herbe wherewith bees are delighted . Therefore to the end that they may settle , they are to sprinkle the places with the vsuall iuyces of certain herbs , as of balme , honysuccles , and the like ; or to rub them with those herbes , and withall to ring or tinkle with basons , cimbals , and other such like sounding things , to keepe them from flying quite away . ‖ Wonted or vsuall . * Vnnoble [ or vile , because it growes euery where . ] * A tinkling noise as of basons . * And shake the cymbals of [ Cybele ] mother [ of the Gods ] round about . * To [ or in ] their seates medicined , [ viz. prepared with such iuyces and herbes as are mentioned . ] ‖ The cymbals are tinkling instruments which were vsed in the sacrifices of Cybele . Because by these meanes they will settle vpon the places so sprinkled . Al. Of Mars . * They will hide [ or betake ] themselues . And will easily be gotten into new hiues thus rubbed and prepared . * Cradles [ viz hiues fitted for them . ] ‖ By nature of their owne accord . g And hence he proceedeth to a fifth precept , concerning the battels of the bees , which he setteth out by a principall cause thereof , and by signes . The chiefe cause is discord arising betweene the kings or maister-bees . * Hath gone with a stately pace as in kings [ viz. marched or crept ] to two kings with a great motion [ or stirre , ] for that their kingdome is impatient of any consort , or they cannot endure two kings . * The minds of the common people . The signes whereby any one may foreknow their stomackes , and their trembling hearts prepared for warre , and so their skirmishes are . * Know. ‖ Their hearts stirring [ or rising ] to battle . You shall heare the night before a warlike noise , as of a sounding trumpet , calling all forth to warre , and withall sundry broken sounds , as of trumpets . * Of hoarse sounding brasse . * Doth chide [ viz. rebuke or prouoke and hasten forward . * [ The bees ] lingring long [ or making no haste . ] * Imitating . * Then they go together among themselues trembling , [ viz. quiuering with anger or with violence . And then the next day they go hastily together , glistering with their wings , as souldiers in armour . ‖ And shine as souldiers in armour . * Pens or feathers . * And also they sharpen [ their ] darts with [ their ] bils [ or nibs . ] They will also sharpen their stings with their snouts , and fit themselues to fight . * And make fit [ their ] armes , [ viz. prepare them . * They are mingled thicke about [ their ] king [ for his preseruation . ] Then they gather thick about their king , as the Romanes were wont about the Emperours pauilion , and call forth their enemy with loud cries . * To the very places of their Pretor [ or Emperour . ] It is an allusion to the maner of the Romanes to desire to be nearest to the Emperours tent or pauilion . ‖ Challenge [ or prouoke . ] ‖ Mightie or loud humming . And thus when they haue got a faire calme sunny day in the spring , they rush out of their hiues , and runne violently together as souldiers to battell : * A cleare spring , [ viz. a faire day in the Spring or Summer . ] ‖ Large and wide fields , [ viz roome enough . ] * It is runne together , [ viz. they skirmish . ] Whereby there is a great sound made in the aire ; ‖ A great noise is heard forth of the aire . * In the high skie [ or aire . ] * They being mingled together , And all the bees are gathered thicke into a great round heape . And straightway they fall downe killed or wounded out of the aire , as thicke as haile . * Are w●un round like a clew or ball into a great orbe or circle [ after the manner of an armie . ] ‖ They fall downe as dead . * From the aire . So that the acornes fall not downe so fast from the shaken oake . * Nor so much of the acorne doth raine , [ viz. fall like raine ] from the oake being smitten . ‖ Ilex is taken for a kind of oake . The kings in the meane time flie thorough the midst of their armies with their gallant wings , Al. With wings like ensignes , * Do turne oft great courages in a narrow breast : And shew their braue mindes , encouraging their armies , * Striuing [ or encouraging themselues with all their might ] so verie greatly not to yeeld . Stoutly enforcing themselues with all their power not to yeeld , * The grieuous conquerours [ or heauie , as we say , an heauie enemie . ] ● Vntill the one side being ouercome , be caused violently to turn their backs in flight . ‖ Enforced . * To giue their backes , being turned by flight . h Vpon this occasion the Poet cometh to a sixth precept , concerning the recalling and quieting of the bees in these broyles ; ‖ These their furious rages . * Strifts or battels . * Shall rest [ or be quiet . ] Which is , by casting vp a little dust , viz. by throwing vp a few molds into the aire , which may be felt as raine in the midst amongst them . ‖ Supprest or appeased . * With casting . ‖ Kings , [ viz. king or maister-bees . * From the forefront of the battell . And withall teacheth how to continue their peace after , which is , by killing the worse of the two kings , viz. of those two maister bees , which were the cause of the battell . * Giue him to death , [ viz. kill that of them two ] which [ shall ] seeme the wor●e , lest being prodigall he hurt , [ viz. lest he proue a robber , or liue onely in consuming the hony , and getting nothing . * [ But ] suffer [ that ] the better may reigne . And he giues a reason of it , lest he proue a robber . * In the emptie hall , [ viz. the Emperours pallace free from enemie , as sole king . But to preserue th● better of them , that he may reigne alone , without any other to prouoke him . * One will be burning with spots foule with gold , [ viz. shewing yellow like gold . Catachrefis . And here for more clearenes , he describeth the kings or maister bees . That as there are two kinds of kings , so one of them which is the better , is of a burning red colour bright with gliftering specks , and of a more notable countenance . ‖ 〈◊〉 , or notably knowne . * In mouth . ‖ Cleare or shining . * With red scales [ viz. with golden spots shining as scales in fishes . * Horrible , vgly or lothsome . The other is vgly through his sloth , dragging his broad belly , creeping in a base maner before or about the hiues mouth . ‖ Idlenesse or lazinesse . * And without all glory , [ viz base ] drawing his broade belly [ vpon the hiues mouth . ] ‖ Broade , not round as in the other . ‖ In a base maner . And moreouer sheweth , that as there are such differences in the kings ; so there are two principal differences in the common sort likewise . * As the faces [ or formes ] of [ their ] kings are two , so the bodies of the nation [ or common sort of bees ] [ are different . ] * Of the nation [ of the bees . ] ‖ Are of two sorts , differing one from another , euen as the bodies of the kings . For that some of them are rough and illfauoured , as if they were all dustie ouer ; which he illustrateth by a similitude : That they haue on them a filthinesse like the spittle which the thirstie traueller coming out of the deepe dust spits vpon the ground , and this is the worst kind . * Being filthy [ or foule ] are vgly and lothsome . * Drie with thirst . ‖ Passenger , or wayfaring man. * With his mouth being drie [ with thirst and dust . ] ‖ Others are of a cleare and bright shining colour . The other sort of them shines and glisters with a cleare brightnesse like gold : * Burning with gold . * Smeared or annointed , * With like or euen drops , [ viz. spots of euen bignesse . ] And haue their bodies dasht with equall spot● . This latter he sheweth to be the better brood . ‖ From these bees . * Of heauen , [ viz. at a meete season . ] And that these make the most liquid and excellent 〈◊〉 . * You shall presse out , [ viz. 〈◊〉 or crush out . ] * Nor so much sweete as liquid , [ viz. pure , clarified , or cleare from dregs . * And to 〈◊〉 [ viz. fit to tame the hard taste of Bacchus [ or of wine , Met. effic . ‖ That is , to take away the vnpleasantnesse or sharpnesse of wine or the like : or to make sweete wine called Mulsum , viz. bastard wine or Metheglin , by seething wine and hony together . Which will notably amend the ouermuch hatdnesse of wine , to make it most delicate . i Here he repeats again the fourth precept , concerning the keeping of the swarmes , that they flie not away . ‖ The bees rising together . * Vncertaine [ whither they will flie . * In heauen , or aboue , as in the skie . * And do contemne or neglect . First , that when they begin to sport in the aire , and to leaue their hiues , and so to offer to flie quite away , they be restrained and withdrawne after this manner following : viz. * Cold roofes [ viz hiues . ] * You shall forbid , [ viz. withdraw or stay . ‖ Wauering or vnstayed . * From vaine play or pastime . By plucking off the wings from their kings * To prohibite or stay them from flying away . * Plucke thou off . For that then none of the rest dare be so bold to flie so high , ‖ None of the bees dare be so bold , or aduenture . * To go [ or vndertake ] a high iourney . Or to offer to remoue their standards , viz. to prouoke their fellowes to flie away , so long as the kings stay behind . * To plucke vp [ to stirre yp the rest to flie away . This is a b●rowed speech , a Metaphor taken from souldiers , who by plucking vp and remouing their standards , do shew to their fellowes that they are about to go from that place . * Those , [ viz. the maister bees ] lingring . A second meanes of retaining them , is ▪ by the sweetnesse of trees and flowers growing about or neare vnto the hiues , whereof sundrie kinds are mentioned before and after . * Your orchards or gardens , &c. let them . * Breathing out , or sending out 〈◊〉 . i● 〈◊〉 delight . ‖ With all such flowers as where ▪ ‖ And let Priapus who is the god and preseruer of the gardens , be set at the entry of the bee-garden , with his willow reaping hooke to driue away theeues and birds , and to preserue the bees . A third remedie , is by commending them to the guard of Priapus whom they made the god of their gardens , and placed him at the entrie thereof , with his willow hooke , to keepe away both theeues and birds , and to saue the bees from all annoy . ‖ Priapus , sonne of Bacehus and Venus . Al. The keeper both of theeues and bees , with h● sallow hooke saue them . k But here he returneth again to the second remedie ; that he that hath a due regard of his bees to haue them to prosper , and himselfe to thriue , looke to that chiefly , to plant store of thyme and pine trees round about neare vnto his bees . Al. And let him . * To whom such things are a care , [ viz. who hath a care of bees that they may prosper . ] ‖ Yong pine trees . ‖ Set them . * The roofes , [ viz. the bee gardens or the hiues . ] * Let him weare his hand with hard labour , [ viz. with labouring hard . ] And that he labouring hard , set also other fruitfull trees about his grounds , being carefull in watering them till they take roote . * Let him fasten downe fruitfull plants to [ or in ] the ground . ‖ Sets of fruitfull trees . * Let him water , [ viz. let him powre vpon them ] friendly showers , [ viz. wholesome water like showers , or in stead of showres . l Vpon this occasion the Poet maketh a profitable digression to the pleasantnesse and commoditie of orchards & gardens , which he professeth that he would haue prosecuted more fully , had be not purposed to be very briefe in this treatise , which he expresseth by an allegory taken from mariner● approching neare vnto the ha● . * I indeed but that I may draw [ downe ] [ my ] sailes , and may hasten to turne my prore [ viz. the forepart of my ship ] to the lands : [ that is , but that I desire to draw towards an end , as the weary mariner towards the land . * Vnder [ or about ] the extreme ●nd of my labours . ‖ Toiles or paines . * Perhaps I would sing of , [ viz. would write of in verse after this ma●er ] what care of husbanding might adorne both the fat orchards [ or gardens ] and the r●siers [ or rose-gardens , or rose-beds of Pestū [ a town of Lucania ] bearing twise a yeare , [ viz. where through the temperature of the heauens , the ground beareth abundance of roses twise in the yeare , to wi● , in May and September . That otherwise ●e would haue handled the maner of husbanding of gardens and rose-yards , to make them ranke and fruitfull . * And after what manner endiue , [ viz. the herbes called endiue or suecory . ] might reioyce in the riuers well drunke of . Also the manner of planting endiue and succorie neare water sides . ‖ Greene parsly banks . And how to haue the greene bankes of parsly . ‖ A pium taken for common parsly , and not for garden parsly . * And the cucumber . Likewise how to haue faire great cucumbers . * The herbe [ viz. herbes or weeds . * Might increase into a belly . * Had I held my peace of [ or said nothing of ] ▪ the Narcissus or white daffadill bearing leaues [ or flowering ] late . With store of Narcissus . * Sera pro serò , a Newter Adiectiue for an Aduerbe . * The twig [ viz. of the herbe called branke vrsine . ] * Bowed or bent . Branke vrsine . ‖ Acanthus or beare ▪ breech . See before in the third Eclogue . Ivies . Mi●le trees and the like . ‖ Delighting to grow neare the sea-shores . This he confirmeth by the example of an old man of Corycus neare vnto Tarent . * For I remember me to haue seene [ viz. that I once saw ] an old Corycian fellow vnder the high towers of Oebalia , &c. ‖ By Oebalia he meaneth Tarent built by the Oebalians , viz. the Lacedemonians in the countrey of Calabria . ‖ Watereth . * The tilled [ fields ] waxing yellow [ with ripe c●rne . ] ‖ Of Cilicia : for Corycus is a towne of Cilicia : * To whom there were a few acres of the country left , [ viz after the diuision of the fields of Tarent made by Pompey to the old soldiers , not left & for saken as contemned by the owners . Some thinke it is meant , left by his ancestors , and made fruitfull by his husbandrie . Who hauing but a few acres of ground left after the diuision of the countrey . The soile whereof was neither fruitfull for grasse nor corne , nor yet commodious for vines . * Neither was that [ ground ] fertile for bullockes , [ viz. for pasture , ] nor the corne growing on it [ or puise . ] ‖ Good for other cattell , [ or thuu , nor a fit crop for cattell , viz for sheep . * Neither [ was the ground . ] * To Bacchus , [ viz. fit or good for vines . ] Yet this old man planting herbes in that ground thinly here and there , ‖ Yet this man , &c. * He pressing [ or pricking downe , ] viz. setting . * Pot-herbes [ viz. herbes fit to be eaten , of diuers sorts ] thinne in the bushes . ‖ All herbes vsed about religious c●remonies , or to holy ends . ‖ Meete to be eaten sparingly . Thought himselfe as rich as a king thereby . * In [ his ] minds , [ viz. in conceit ] the wealth of kings [ because it is the mind , not the cheft that maketh rich . And could at any time furnish his table with dainties of his owne growing , without any further cost . ‖ Meates , or pro●ision of his owne . * At late night [ or late in the euening . ] Hauing abundance of roses in the Spring , and 〈◊〉 in Autumne , and those ripe with the first . * He loaded his tables . * [ He begun , or was w●nt ] to plu●ke roses first , [ viz. with the first . Or carpere for carpebat . Enal . * And also [ he plucked ] apples [ first ] [ viz. his were first ripe . And also store of greene herbes in the hardest Winter , when all elsewhere were killed with the frost . * And when the sad [ or terrible ] Winter euen now did burst the stones * with cold , and bridled the co●rses of 〈◊〉 , [ viz. of the ri●ers ] * With ice . Thus he proceeded still , watching his oportunities , waiting on the time , and oft thinking i● long before it came . * Euen now did he sheare the tops of soft branke vrsi●e [ viz. new sprung , ] that is , he had fresh herbes . ‖ Late . * Staying long , [ or making long delayes , ] because the West windes are the first messengers of the Spring . Hereby he was wont to abound with breeding bees and store of swarmes . * With bees full of yong ones , and with many a swarme . And plentie of hony . ‖ Crushed , or strained . Hauing all trees wherein the bees delight , as both linden trees and also pine-trees . * [ There were ] to him linden trees and the most plentifull pine tree , [ or great abundance of pine trees . ] ‖ Most fruitfull [ or profitable ] [ viz. for making their ho●y combes . * And with how many apples [ each fruitfull tree had clothed [ or arayed ] it selfe in the new flower [ viz. at the first knotting ] it held euen so many ripe [ apples ] in Autumne [ viz. at the gathering ] [ that is , they did all prosper . ] And maruellous increase of apples ; so that looke how many yong apples he had set on the trees presently after the blooming , so many ripe ones 〈◊〉 gathered in the Autum●e ; all ●med to prosper . * He also remo●ed [ or translated ] into order , [ viz. into rowes , after the maner of a Quineu●x ] late 〈◊〉 , [ viz. elmes that grow but showly . * Very hard , [ or the 〈◊〉 and strong 〈◊〉 . He moreouer plan●ed 〈◊〉 . And withall peare-trees and pl●m trees , ‖ Plums , or damosi●s , not sloes , because the nature of the trees were changed by the change of the ground through his husbandrie . And al●o pl●ne 〈◊〉 for shade . * Now ministring [ viz. affoording ] a shadow to [ men ] drinking [ vnder the same . ] But he concludeth this digression , that he is enforced to cut off all lōger discourse of these things through lacke of time , & leaues them to be recorded by others . H Ouerpasse or omit . * Being separated [ or excluded ] by vnequall spaces , [ viz. being hindred from hauing the like , or from finishing the worke by the short time of my life , or of my leisure , compared to that old mans . * Leaue them to others to be rehearsed hereafter . And first he toucheth a fable concerning the originall or their first receiuing of their excellent qualities , which they are said to haue had from Iupiter , for a reward of feeding him when he was new born . m Here he cometh to a seuenth precept concerning the nature and qualities of bees ; where their whole work is expressed in diuers parts . * The natures or gifts . ‖ Hath giuen to bees besides what they had before . ‖ What reward the bees had for following , &c. and feeding Iupiter . * Of the Curetes [ viz. of Cybeles priests called Corybantes , or of the people called Curetes , being the first inhabitants of Creet , who vndertooke the nursing of Iupiter , to hide him and his crying , from his father Saturne , in a caue at the foote of the hill Dicte in Candie . That bees following the shrill sound that Cybeles priests made at his birth to the end that his crying should not be heard , found him in a caue of the hill Dicte in Creete , where he was hid from his father Saturne , and fed him there with their hony . Of which fable see Ramus his Com. more at large . * And [ their ] ratling brasses . ‖ Iupiter . * Vnder the Dictean caue . n Then he proceedeth to shew their admirable qualities ; as that they haue their yong ones in common , both bred in cōmon , and all hauing a common care of them : and also that they haue a citie and common halls , & leade their liues vnder worthy lawes . ‖ Onely the bees of all other creatures haue their yong ones bred in common of them all , and haue a common care of them . * Children [ viz. yong brood ] common . * [ They haue also ] roofes [ viz. some houses ] of [ their ] citie common , [ viz. common hals . * Whereof they are alike partakers or partners in . * And oft passe ouer [ their ] time [ or the time of their life , ] viz. liue perpetually * Vnder great lawes . * And [ the bees ] alone have knowne their natiue countrey , and their certaine houshold gods , [ or priuate and severall houses , viz. their owne hiues or cels . * And [ they ] being mindfull of &c. That ▪ they onely of all creatures know their natiue country & their certaine dwelling houses . * About to come . * They trie labour by experience , [ viz. they make experiēce of labours . ] * And lay vp things gotten in the midst . That they are mindfull of Winter before it 〈◊〉 , and take great 〈◊〉 in Summer to prouide and lay vp in store for the common vse against that time . * For some [ bees ] do watch diligantly for liuing [ or food , ] viz. do take all occasions to labour for liuing , and bring in pro●ision . Victu for victui . * Are exercised [ viz occupied . ] After he sheweth how they deuide their workes : ‖ By a certain appointment , or order . * Agreed of , or 〈◊〉 . That some of them are busied in the fields to seeke and fetch in prouision , as by a couenant amongst themselues . ‖ Other some [ of them . ] * Hedges or bounds . * The teare of Narcissus , [ alluding to the fable , because the boy Narcissus was turned into a flower ; whereof before . * Cleauing [ or sticking ] glue . Others worke within their houses ; laying the first foundations of their hony combs with iuyces of herbes and gums of trees . * From the barke . ‖ As , or for the first foundations . ‖ To their hony combes . * And then they hang vpon [ them ] stiffe waxe , [ such as i● stiffe and clammy , called propolis , viz. bee-glue . And so build thereupon , framing and fashioning their combes . * Other [ bees ] bring forth [ out of the huskes or skinnes wherein they are bred ] the yong ones growne to perfection , [ viz. as the hen hatcheth the chickens by sitting on them . ] [ or else do leade them abroad , and accustome them to labour . ] Others breede and bring forth their yong , and leade them out , when they are come to perfect growth ; thus accustoming them to labour . * Of the nation [ viz. of the continuance and increase of their swarmes or hiues . ] ‖ Do fill the cel● or combes with the purest and finest hony . Others of them fill vp their cels with the purest and finest 〈◊〉 hony . ‖ Fill full , or stuffe out . * With liquid [ or pure ] ●ectar , [ viz. the 〈◊〉 and most excellent part of the hony . Others are appointed to ward at their gates . * Custodie , [ viz. keeping or watching ] at the gates , hath fallen to lot , [ viz. as to their lot or by lot , speaking after the maner , as it is in warre , to keepe out the enemie . * And they do behold [ or obserue ] by course the waters [ viz. drops of raine ] and clouds of heauen , [ that is , clouds ouercasting , and all signes of the w●ather , as of showers or stormes . And these by turnes do watch the raine and clouds . ‖ They receiue . Or else take 〈◊〉 burdens of tho e which come loaden home , and work them in their hiues . ‖ Loades ‖ Of such bees as come loaden home , and do helpe them . Or making an army doe driue away the drones . * Or an armie [ of them ] being made [ viz. hauing gathered a troupe of them together . ] * Stalls . Metaph. ‖ The droane bees without stings . ‖ A sluggish or slothfuli beast , onely consuming their hony , and getting none . And generally he declare●h how all of them do bestirte themselues in their worke , cach in their proper place , as sweating at it . ‖ They plie their worke [ viz as men vntill they sweate . ] ‖ Their hiues . * Yeelds a sauour [ or a sweete sent . ] ‖ By the herbs from whence they gather their hony and waxe . o Which diligence and haste of theirs , he illustrateth by a notable similitude taken from the Cyclopians , Vulcans Smiths , framing thunderbolts for Iupiter . * When the Cyclopes [ viz. a people of Sicily hauing but one eie in their forehead , fained to be Vulcan● smiths , and to make thunderbolts for Iupiter . ] * Hasten . * Lightnings . * Out of masses [ or wedges [ of iron or other mettall ] softened [ in the fire , or pliant to worke on . ] That like as they making vp their bolts in haste out of the soft ned iron lumps . * Some [ of them ] take in blasts [ or wind ] and send it forth againe with bellows of bull-hides . Some of them blow the bellowes . * Dip their mettals hizzing , [ viz. coming out of the glowing fier . ] Others quench their mettals hizzing in the troughes . * Brasses , in a lake [ or trough of water as smiths vse . ] * Etna ] a mountaine in Sicily burning with perpetuall fiers , through the abundance of brimstone and other matter in it : fained to be the shop or workhouse of Vulcan and the Cyclops for the often and great thundring and lightning in those parts . Etna in the meane while groaning vnder the stithies that are placed thereon . * With the stithies . * Layed vpon it . Those among them , who weild the hammers , do lift vp their armes to smite in order , and oft with their pinsers turne the iron holding it fast . ‖ Others of them . ‖ Making as it were a musicall harmonie by the order of their strokes vpō the iron , to fashion it on the stithy * With a paire of pinsers holding fast [ the iron . ] Euen so ( to compare small things with great ) * If it be lawfull to compare . A naturall loue of gathering and making hony , enforceth the litle bees to bestirre themselues , and euery bee in her owne place . ‖ With great . * A loue bred in [ them ] [ viz. a naturall loue . ] * Of hauing . * Doth vrge [ viz. vehemently presse or charge . ] * Of Cecropia , [ viz. of the citie Athens , so called of Cecrops builder and king of Athens , where is most excellent hony in abundance , for the store of thyme neare vnto it . ‖ Euery one in her owne office . p Thus still going on in the former distribution of their workes , he she weth , that the elder bees haue the charge of the whole hiues committed to them . ‖ The ancient [ viz. elder bees ] haue the charge of the townes [ viz. of the whole hiues ] committed to them . * A care to the ancient . To fence their hony combes , and to make them houses in a most artificiall and exquisite maner . * To fortifie . * To fashion [ or frame them ] Dedalian roofes [ viz. houses built with admirable art . * Dedalus like [ viz. artificiall , like as if framed by Dedalus that most cunning workman . The yonger labour abroad in the fields , & returne home wearie and loaden late at night . * But the lesser [ bees ] betake themselues [ home ] weary at late night , [ viz. late in the euening . How they seeke and trauell for their prouision euery where both on the blossomes of crab-trees on fallowes which we call palmes . * Full [ in regard of or vpon their ] legs , Syn. [ viz. loaden with hony or waxe made of iuyce suckt out of thyme and other flowers . ] ‖ They feed , or get their liuing or prouision all abroad . So vpon saffron . The linden trees . * The seruice trees [ or crab trees . ] The flower of the red Hyacinthus and all other sweete flowers . * Greenish or gray sallowes , which we call palme trees , on which bees vse to lie very much . ‖ Of Casia , see before . * Fat tilly . * The H●acinth of a blacke red colour , like iron : of the flower so called , or red purple lilly , see before Ecl. 3. q Here he still goeth along , and to declare by the way what a com munitie they haue in labouring and resting together , and so likewise in sleepe and watching : That all of them rest together , and all of them labour together , that there seemes to be but one rest and one worke vnto them all . * Of works to all , [ viz. they all rest from their labour together , and they all worke together . * They rush forth of the gates early in the morning : delay [ is ] no where : againe , when as the euening starre hath admonished , the same [ bees ] depart at length . How in the morning they rush out of their gates all together to worke , and so continue in labouring all the day till the euening admonish them to depart home . ‖ From seeking their prouision . * They seeke their roofes , [ viz. they returne to their ●iues . And then returne , and so refresh their wearie lim● . * Then do they care for [ their ] bodies . How at that time when they are got into the hiue , there is made a great humming noise by one of them flying about the hiue ; who by her sound cōmandeth all to take their rest . ‖ There is made a sound or noise , [ viz. by one of them flying about , by her humming , commanding all to take their rest . ] ‖ Do generally make a great noise . * Vtmost parts [ viz. outsides ] and thresholds , * Composed [ viz betaken themselues to rest . ] So that after when they haue all reposed themselues , there is a great silence among them , that no stirring or noise is heard all the night . ‖ There is no noise [ all ] the night . * Into [ viz. for or through ] the whole night . * The owne sleepe [ of euery bee occupieth & c̄ . [ viz. euery bee refresheth their weary lims by their sleepe . Thus euery one with rest and sleepe doth recreate it selfe . * Wearied ioynts . r Here is repeated their foreknowledge of the weather , and what they do therein . That if it be like to be rainie or windie , they wil not flie farre from their hiues . ‖ But they do not depart or flie abroad farre . * Go backe longer from [ their ] stalls , [ viz. go farre off from home , * Raine hanging ouer , [ viz. if there be any raine presently toward . ] * Or do they trust the heauen , or skie . [ viz they dare not commit themselues vnto the aire to flie abroad . * The Easterne windes approching , or comming neare , [ viz. when it will be wind . But they will seeke water neare them round about . ‖ They drinke or fetch water . * Being safe . ‖ On euery side . And flie no further abroad then they may get home before the storme . * And they trie [ or assay ] short excursions , [ flights , walks or iourneys ] [ viz. to go no further then they may get home before the storme . ] Or if they be ouertaken by the windes , they vse to take vp litle stones to peize and carry themselues euen and steadily : like as floating boates do take vp balasse , [ viz. do l●ade themselues with land or grauell ] in a rough water , to preserue them safe , and to go the better ; euen so do they take vp these litle stones to beare themselues euen through the emptie aire . * Vnstable [ or wauering ] boates [ or barges . ] Saburra , is the lastage or balasse wherewith ships are poized to make them go vpright , as grosse sand , grauell , or the like . * The floud [ viz. tide or surges , tossing , and so putting the ship in danger . * They peise themselues , [ viz. make themselues weightie to go steadily . ] * Clouds or darke weather . s Next hereunto the Poet declareth the maner of the breeding of bees . * That maner to haue pleased , [ viz. that that custome hath so pleased , [ or that they are delighted with such a kind of procreation . ] * Delight in companying together for the cause of generation , [ viz. take delight in ingendring . ] That they are not bred by ingendring , a● most other liuing creatures are . ‖ Idle or sluggish , do loose , &c. or dissol●e , [ viz. spend or weaken their bodies with lust . * Venus . Or haue any lust . * Or do bring foorth [ their ] yong ones with [ painfull ] endeuour or enforcement , as most other creatures . Neither bring forth their yong with paine or inforcement . ‖ Chuse . But that they gather their yong ones with their mouthes , from sweet flowers & herbes as they gather their hony . * Sonnes [ viz. broed . ] ‖ Mouthes . * Suffice [ viz. supply or chuse a new king . ] And that hence they prouide their king , make supply of their stockes , and establish their kingdomes . * And their litle Romanes [ viz yong to succeed in the place of the old . ] * Festen againe or set vp . * [ Common ] hall● . ‖ Hi●es , or combes , made ●hiefly of waxe . t In this place is repeated the painfulnesse & diligence of these bees . * They haue worne , [ viz. rubd or worne away . That , they oft times weare their wings in earnest flying amongst stones & rocks , and oft die vnder their burdes . * Erring farre away , [ or 〈◊〉 ] in hard whetstones [ viz. rockes or clefts , out of which whetstones are made ] amongst which they flie . The cause whereof is brought in by an Epiphonema ; for that they haue so great a loue of flowers , and take such glorie in making hony . * Haue giuen vp their soule , [ viz. haue died , or as we speake of men , haue yeelded vp the ghost . ] ‖ Loade . * [ Their ] loue of flowers [ is ] so great , and their glorie [ or pride ] of making hony i● [ so great , ] [ viz. they take such a delight in it . u Here likewise is interposed the age of bees , and how long they liue . * Therefore albeit the terme of a narrow age receiue them , [ viz. although the age of bees be but short . ] That they liue but a small time , not aboue seuen yeares commonly , ( which is much too , considering their industrie , ) yet their stocke ( if they be well looked to ) and so the prosperous state and honour of their houses remains almost immortall [ viz. for many yeares ] that the owners of them may recken the grandfathers & great grandsires of them . * For neither more then a seuenth Summer is led of them . ‖ Their race and progenie do not decay vtterly . ‖ The state or prosperitie of them being carefully looked into , abides very long . * Stands by many yeares . ‖ A man may number their progeny for many descents . x Vnto the natures of the bees , the Poet addeth here their obseruance and honour towards their kings : which he illustrates by comparisons frō some dissimilitudes and sundrie effects . The dissimilitudes are these : that neither the Egyptians , Lydians , Parthians , Medes , nor Indians , are so obseruant & carefull for their king , as the bees are for theirs . ‖ The people of Egypt and of Lydia . * Nor the people of the Parthians or ‖ the Medes , [ viz. the people of Media . * [ Or ] Hydaspes [ the riuer of India ] ‖ Reuerence and carefully preserue . ‖ So long as their king bee is safe . * One mind is to all , [ viz. they are all of one mind . ] * [ But their king ] being lost , they haue broken their fidelitie , and they themselues haue plucked as under their hony built vp [ viz. layed or hoorded vp in the hony combes . ] For that their king being safe , all is in peace amongst them . * And haue loosed [ or dissolued ] the wattles of [ their ] hony combes : and so hauing destroyed all , they flie away . But if he be lost , they break their faith , spoile their hony , and all their owne work which they haue made . ‖ The king bee . * The keeper [ or preseruer . ] As he is the protector of their workes , so they admire him with all reuerence , guarding him thicke round about . * They admire him , or wonder at him with reuerence . * With a thicke humming noise . They oft lift him vp and carry him on their shoulders , putting their bodies betweene him and all dangers chearefully enduring wounds , and readily aduenturing their liues for his cause . ‖ Being thicke about him . ‖ They bears him on their shoulders . * Obi●ct their bodies in warre [ betweene his bodie and the danger ] viz. when they skirmish with other bees . ‖ A faire death . y Hence the Poet sheweth , that by these obseruations of their gouernment , and these former signes of their wisedome , some haue thought that bees haue reason and some part of diuine vnderstanding . * Certaine men haue said by these signes , and following these examples , there to be a part of the diuine mind and airie breaths in bees . * Draughts from the firmament [ or diuine draughts ] viz. such spirits as they draw from heauen . * God to go through all , [ viz. that God is a spirit , and i● in all the elements , and euery where , as the Poet said before , Iouis omnia plena . For that God is in all things , going thorough all , both earth , and seas , and heauen . * Tracts . * The lesser cattell , heards [ or droues of beasts . ] And so euery creature to fetch their life from him , and so from heauen . * Of wilde beasts . * Euery [ man ] being borne to fetch [ or get ] to himselfe [ his ] thinne lines , [ viz. life or vitall spirits . ] Yea that all things dying , surrender vp their liues backe againe thither . ‖ From God. * To wit. ‖ That all things are restored . * Afterwards [ or in the end . ] ‖ Dissolued by a separation of the soule from the bodie . * To be restored [ hither , ] viz. into the hea●ous , or to God. * Neither [ any ] place to be for death . And that the spirits of all things that are dissolued , do flie vnto the starre● , euery one to his owne fatal starre ▪ and after returne from heauen into new bodies as need is , and thus keepe a continuall succession both in heauen and earth . * But [ all things ] to flie aliue into the number of a signe in heauen , [ viz. into their owne fatall starre , from which they came , ] * To succeed to the high heauen , [ viz. to succeed or follow againe in their place in heauen , whence they came . z And from hence he proceedeth to an eight precept , concerning the time of emptying their hiues . * Vndaube , or vncouer , [ viz. to the end to take forth the hony combes , [ or , if you will take forth of the hiues . * And the hony kept in their treasures . That when the owners of them will take some of their hony forth , they first spurt vpō thē some draughts of water out of their mouthes , as if it rained , to cause them to keepe within their hiues , and smoake them with swampes , to cast them for the present into a kinde of swoone . * Sprinkling before draughts of water , warme [ these draughts ] with [ your ] raouth . or make warme with [ your ] mouth draughts of water sprinkled [ on them , ] [ either sparsus for spargens , or sparsos . ‖ Water sprinkled on them will cause them to keepe in for feare of raine , and smoke wil cast them into a swoon till you haue taken forth the hony . * Fumes of swampe , or galbanum , or the like . ‖ The bees fill their hiues twise in the yeare , or the husbandman gathers the increase of the bees , viz. of hony and waxe twise , &c. This they do twise in the yeare , viz. in the Spring and in the haruest , which two times are described by the rising and setting of the seuen starres . * Heauie [ or loaden with increase . ] * There are two times of haruest , that is , of gathering their hony , viz. in the spring and in the haruest , i. e. twise in the yeare . ‖ First when . * Together . ‖ Taygete and Pleias are two of the seuen starres called Pleiades . By this speech following is meant , that the hony is to be gathered twise in the yeare , viz. at the rising and setting of the seuen starres . The first when the seuen stars called Pleiades rise in the euening : which starres are set out by the names of two of them , Taygete and Pleias . ‖ And also when the same , &c. [ viz. at the setting of the seuen starres . * Hath thrust backe . * The despised riuers of the Ocean sea with [ her ] foote , [ viz. at the rising of the seuen starres . The second time is at the setting of the seuen starres , viz. when they go downe at the arising of Pisces ouer against them . * Flying from the signe of the waterish fish , [ viz. because at the setting of the seuen starres , Piscis riseth ouer against them . ‖ Sets seeming to descend into the Ocean sea , and so more sorrowfull , or more sad by reason of the Winter showers which then begin . a Hitberto the Poet hath set out the nature of bees , by their causes , works , subiects , adiu●cts : now he commeth to the euils and dangers belonging to them . * Anger is to them , [ viz to the bees . ] As first , that they will be angry without measure , and being hurt , they will bite and sting . * They inspire poison into the bitings , [ viz. they send poison into the places which they bite , or they poison the place bitten . And with their biting will breathe in a kinde of poison into the place bitten ; and will also fasten their stings so deepe , that commonly they leaue them behind them , and their liues withall . ‖ Short stings which can hardly be seene to be plucked forth . * Darts . * And putting [ their ] liues in the wound , [ viz leauing oft their stings in the wound , and then they die presently after , because with the sting , if they lose it , they lose some of their entrals . A second euill , is their pouertie , through the lacke of hony in the Winter time , and by reason of robbers , against which he teacheth the remedie : That if you feare a hard Winter , and haue pitie on your bees , and care to preserue them : ‖ Hard , because the bees get nothing that time , but onely spend . ‖ For [ the time ] to come , ] viz. lest the bees d●e through lacke of food , or being discouraged flie away . * Minds or stomackes . * And shall haue pitie of [ their ] broken matters . That you perfume their hiues with the smoke of thyme , and also pare away all the emptie waxe . * But who can doubt . * To smoke [ their hiues ] with the smoke of thyme , with which the bees are much refreshed . And then he giues reasons why he would haue that waxe so taken away . * Cut or take away the emptie wax . ‖ The waxe that hath no hony in it . * Emptie [ viz. voide , superfluous , vnprofitable . * Stellio is taken for the lizard , or a beast like the lizard , hauing spots in the necke like starres . * Vnknowne [ viz. not perceiued . ] Because that otherwise there wi●l new 〈◊〉 breed or get into it , which wil eate away the hony cōbs And likewise moathes . * Eates vnto [ or into . ] * Places to lie in [ or neasts ] are heaped vp to ●thes [ or by ●athes ] viz. ●oathes get into the hi●es and consume all ▪ or beetles . And also idle droanes will get into it , which will consume the prouision of the litle bees . * Free , [ viz. idle , or partaker of no office or worke with the other bees . ‖ Liuing ( as we speake ) at another man ▪ trencher , [ viz. on the labours of the litle bees ] * intermixeth himselfe . * The sharpe [ or stinging ] hornet , so called because nine of them ( as is said ) will kill a man. Or hornets with their cruell stings . * Hath intermixed himselfe with vnequall weapons , [ viz. with hi●sting far bigger then the stings of the bees . And finally spiders will be bred there ▪ which will weaue and spred their nets loose in the mouthes of the hiues , to hang the bees as they enter in . * Vengible [ or cruell . ] * Of worme breeding in hi●es . ‖ The spider is said to be enuied of Minerua , because being a girle of Lydia , she durst challenge Minerua in spinning , and so was changed by her into a spider . * Enuied . * Hath hanged her loose [ or wide ] nets , [ viz. her webs wherein the bees are hanged . ] * In the doores or gates . Lastly he addes this reason for the cleane taking away of all the emptie waxe . Because the emptier the hiues shall be , the more eagerly will the bees bestirre themselues to repaire their decayes , and to fill vp their emptie roomes . * By how much the bees shall be more exhausted , [ viz. drawne emptie of hony , or more emptied . ] * By so much . * Sharply or fiercely . * Will apply [ themselues ] to amend ▪ ‖ The losses or damages * Of their kind , being sliden , [ viz. spent or wasted . ] * Will fill together . * Foros , hatches , [ a metaphor borowed of mariners , who loade their ships with merchādize by the hatches . ‖ And make vp their combes with waxe and like matter gathered from flowers . * Make like wea●ers worke . b Then followeth a third annoyance or euil of bees , which is by disease , for that they vse to be diseased as well a● other cattell . ‖ Shall pi● away ▪ * With a sad ▪ or sorowfull disease . * Chances . * You may know now by signes not doubtfull [ viz. certaine or manifest . ] Whereof he giueth fixe signes , viz. whereby to know that they are sicke . ‖ So soone as they are sicke , they are straight way of another colour [ viz. a bad colour ] As first , that they wil be then of a bad dustie colour . ‖ In them , [ or the sicke bees are of another colour . Secondly , they will be of an vgly leannesse . * Horrible [ viz. ill fauoured . ] ‖ Marre [ their ] * Countenance , or visage . * Then they carry forth out of [ their ] roofes [ or houses ] the bodies of [ the bees ] wanting light , and leade sad [ or sorrowfull ] funerals or burials . Thirdly , by their carying out of dead bees . Fourthly ▪ their hanging together ●unged by their feete at the mouth of their hiues . * Or they do hang , knit together by [ their ] feete at the thresholds of their hiues . ‖ Clustered , or wrapped , or tangled together . Fiftly , their lingring in their hiues , and sloth , thorough famishment or cold . ‖ All of the● linger [ or loyter ] ‖ In their hiues , [ as if it were shut vp . * Famine or hunger . * Through cold contracted or drawne vpon them . Sixtly , by their heauie noise , humming in a trailing maner , as oft drawing their breath . ‖ Drawing out their noise weakly , [ or oft drawing their breath , as in them that are readie to die , or more broken . Which last signe is illustrated by three similitudes : That their noise is then as the noise of the Southwind in the woods . ‖ The South wind being cold or coole , [ viz. because it is cold , as all other winds in their owne nature . ‖ Doth make a low noise in the woods . Or as of the sea being troubled with her rebounding waues . * With [ her ] waues [ or surges ] flowing backe againe . * Fierce [ or scorching ] fire burnes , making a hollow sound . O● finally like a vehement fire sounding hollowly in close fornaces . * The fornaces or ouens being shut vp . c Whereunto ●e adioyneth nine remedies . As first , to perfume or smoke their hiues with sweete smels , as by burning Galbanum , or the like . Secondly to hearten them , by laying hony in troughes of reed for them to feed vpon , in the hiues mouth , or before the hiues . Thirdly , to mingle with the hony the decoction of bruised gals . Fourthly , to mixe therewith drie roses . Fifthly , or to mingle with it new wine boyled thicke in stead of the former . Sixtly , to lay them bunches of raisins of the Sunne of the best vines for the bees to suck vpon , or to make them decoctions thereof . Seuenthly , decoctions made with thyme . Eightly , Decoction of centaury . The ninth and last by the decoction of the flower called Amello , which h●be the Poet describeth 〈◊〉 large by sundry circumstances : As first , that it groweth in medowes . * I will perswade [ or counsell you ] to burne odours of Galbanum [ which is a kind of gu● issuing out of a certaine herbe in the Summer time ] viz. to smoke and perfume their hiues with Galbanum . ] * Exhorting [ viz. encouraging them [ that is ] ‖ To hearten and reuiue your bees by seeding them with hony . * And calling them . * Weary or weake . * Vnto their knowne nourishment or sustenance , [ viz. to encourage them to labour againe . * In reeden chancels or pipes . * It shall profit [ them , ] also to mingle [ with the hony ] the bruised taste of gals , [ viz. the decoction of gals . * New wine boiled to the halfe . ‖ Botled till it be very thicke , or sod to a third part . ‖ Of the best vine or grape , [ viz. to make another decoction ] * Fat with much fire . * Or bunches of grapes layed open [ or dried well in the Sunne ] gathered ] from the Psithian vine . ‖ And a decoction made of thyme and centaury . * Of Cecropia . ‖ In medow grounds . * Of this herbe are two kindes , the great and the small . The Physitians thinke the greater to be here vnderstood . ‖ Which the husbandmen call Amell● , [ as some thinke , of Mella ● riuer in France , neare vnto which much of it groweth , [ or rather a riuer of Lucania , as followeth after . ‖ Which the husbandmen call Amell● , [ as some thinke , of Mella ● riuer in France , neare vnto which much of it groweth , [ or rather a riuer of Lucania , as followeth after . Secondly that the husbandmen call it Amellus . * Easie to [ men ] seeking [ it . ] Thirdly , that it is an herbe easie to be found of them that seeke it . * For i● lifts vp [ or shootes out . ] * A huge wood [ viz. great store of stalks ] and leaues or many branches out of one stalke or roote . In that first it sends foorth many branches out of one roote . And secondly for that the flower is of a golden colour , the leaues of a purple hue , somewhat like a blacke violet spread very thicke round about . ‖ But the leaues are of a purple colour , somewhat like a blacke violet . * But a purple colour . ‖ Shines somewhat duskishly . * Which [ leaues ] are powred out very many round about , [ viz. which grow very thicke about . Thirdly , that the altars of their Gods were wont to be deckt with garlands made thereof . * Are oft adorned . * Collars or chaines [ viz. garlands ] knit [ or tied together with a threed . ] Fourthly , it is set out by the taste , that it is sharpe in the mouth . Fifthly by the place more particularly where sheepheards vse to gather it , viz. in valleys wont to be mown , and specially neare vnto the riuer Mella , where it groweth plentifully . * In mowne valleys [ viz. where no woods grow , or in medowes before they be mowne . ] * Flouds of Mella . * Mella ( as was said ) i● thought to be a riuer of France , or rather of Lucania , which is nearer vnto Naples , where Virgil writ this worke , as M●yen iudgeth . Lastly he teacheth the manner of the decoction of it , to wit , by boyling the rootes thereof in the most odoriferous wine , and then to set it as meane for the weake bees in ●ll ●roughes in the entrie of their hi● . * In wine smelling sweete [ or mixed with spices smelling sweet . ] * Bacch● . * Wicker b●kets or panniers [ or other vessels , a● treys , pipes , or the like . ] * In the doores . d After all this , now towards the end of the worke , he sheweth the maner of the restoring and repairing of bees againe , if all the whole brood shall faile , viz. by the putrified bloud of a beast . * The issue or stocke , &c. [ viz. if any mans bees shall die wholly . * Neither shall he haue from whence the kind of a new stocke [ or brood ] may be recalled . To which purpose he brings in a long fabulous storie concerning the memorable inuention of Aristeus a king of Arcadia , in finding out this deuice of restoring bees , by the bloud of a bullocke newly killed . ‖ To shew in like manner . ‖ The deuice of Aristaeus worth remembring . ‖ Aristaeus is said to haue bene king of Arcadia , and the first finder out of this inuention of repairing bees decayed , and sundrie other concerning bees . * By what meanes foule [ or vncleane , or not pure ] bloud . * Bullocks being new killed . Where he first vseth a short exordium to a very long narration : That he will dispatch the whole report hereof , rehearsing it at large frō the first beginning . * All the fame of it . * Repeating [ viz. fetching it ] more deeply from the first originall . Then he enters into the narration , first by describing the place where this was first inuented , viz. Canopus Pelleus in Egypt , neare the mouthes of Nilus , where the bees being vtterly lost by the ouerflowings of Nilus , were repaired by this deuice . * The fortunate nation [ viz. the wealthy people ] of Canopus Pelleus , a citie of Egypt neare Alexandria , which Canopus , Alexander the great built , and is called Pellaeus , because Alexander who built it , was borne in Pella . vid Mein . * Dwelleth neare vnto Nilus standing as a pond [ his ] streame being powred out [ or let out . ] Ramus and Frischli● do take it that Alexandria built by Alexander , is here meant , being neare vnto Canopus a litle Iland by one of the seuen mouthes of Nilus . Which ouerflowing● of Nilus are thus set out : That they make that part of Egypt neare thereto , for the time of the ouerflowing like a standing pond . So that the people there are for that time faine to be carried about their grounds and countrey in boates . * And [ the people ] is caried about their countreys [ or fields ] in painted brigandines , or galliots , [ viz. for all the time that the countrey is ouerflowed by Nilus , which is for almost fourescore dayes , beginning at the rising of the dog-starre , watering and fatting all their grounds . vid. Mein . & Ram. And whence . And secondly the place is more particularly set out to be ; where Nilus turning downeward from Ethiopia , washeth vpon the countries neare vnto the warlike Persian . * Bending downeward , welnigh from , &c. * Vrgeth [ or pressethon , or cometh neare vnto , or troubleth . ] ‖ The Ethiopians , not the East Indians . See hereof Mein . and 〈◊〉 . * The neare places of Persia , [ viz. the places not farre off from Persia. ] * Wearing a quiuer , [ viz. louing archerie . ] And where by the mud which it leaues behind it , it makes Egypt fruitfull . * And makes fruitfull Egypt being greene , [ viz. more greene then other countries through this ouerflowing of Nilus . * Doth lay her safetie , [ viz. for the preseruing of her bees in this art of the repairing of them . And so rushing downward , deuides it selfe into 7 diuers mouthes , whereby it is emptied into the sea . ‖ With the blacke mud which it leaueth behind it when it hath ouerflowne . ‖ Diuides it selfe into seuen diuers mouthes , whereby it is emptied into the sea . Euen all that region vpon the occasion of this experiment , relies vpon this art for the repairing of their bees . * First a very little place . ‖ Sure experience of this skill or practise of repairing bees . e And so he proceeds vnto a full description of this art it selfe . First for the place where this feate may be wrought : That there must be a place made streight of purpose with walls . * Drawne together [ or made streight or narrow ] for the same vses . ‖ Roome . * They presse this place , [ viz. they make it close ] with a roofe tile of a narrow roofe . * They adde . And couered close with narrow roofe tiles . * With an oblique [ viz. thwart or slope ] light , [ that is , not full outright but descending downewards . Which place must haue foure windowes , whereby to let in the light aslope downward from the foure winds . * Then a calfe now crooking his hornes in his two yeare old forehead is sought for this purpose . Secondly for the matter , that there must be a bullocke of two yeares old , taken for this purpose . ‖ They stop his nosthrils and his breath , though he struggle much , and kill him with bruising his flesh thoroughout his whole hide . * The double nosthrils , [ viz. both the nosthrils ] are stopped ] and the breath of the mouth is stopped to this [ bullocke ] striuing against it [ or struggling ] much . Which bullock must be strangled by stopping his nosthrils and mouth . And all his flesh within his hide must be bruised with blowes & bangs . * Bowels [ viz. all his inward parts . ] * Beaten . Multa pro multum . * Throughout his hide being whole , [ viz remaining whole . ] * Are vnloosed [ to him , ] being killed with strokes or blowes . Thirdly , that he must be left lying in the place so inclosed with peeces of greene boughes , and also store of thyme and casia newly gathered vnderneath him . * Put. ‖ In the place shut vp . * And put vnder his ribs branchie fragments [ viz. peeces of branches or boughes of trees . Fourthly , it is described by the time when it is to be done , viz. in the beginning of the Spring ; which is set out by sundrie other circumstances , as first , when the West winde begins to blow . Al. Fresh , recentes , [ viz. newly gathered . ] ‖ Of Casia see before . * This thing is done [ or effected , ] the West windes first driuing forward , [ viz. thawing or stirring ] the waues , [ that is , in the first beginning of the Spring . * Medowes . Secondly , before the medow grounds be decked with flowers . Thirdly , before the building of the swallow . f After , followeth the euent hereof , that the moisture of the bullocke thus waxing hot and purrifying , by the meanes aforesaid , liuing creatures will appeare in a maruellous multitude and manner , without feete at first like little wormes . ‖ Before the coming , or at least before the building of the swallow . ‖ In the meane while . ‖ The bloud being warmed in the bones all bruised , [ viz. by the meanes of the time and place . ‖ In wonderfull sorts . By and by they will flicker as with wings . * Manners . After receiuing more liuelinesse from the thinne aire , * Cut short [ viz. as it were mai●ed and vnperfect ] of their feete like litle wormes . * And by and by making a noise , as it were , with fins , or wings . They burst out of the hide abundantly ; which bursting out of them in such an admirable number , is illustrated by two similitudes : * Pens or fethers , Al. with fins . * Are mixed . * And catch in thin aire , [ viz. gather vitall spirits or life . ] That they powre out as thicke as drops of raine out of the clouds in a great Summer shower : ‖ A vehement shower powred out of the clouds in the Summer time . Or as the shafts are sent out of the bowes when the Parthians giue the first onset in battell . ‖ Arrowes , * [ are sent out ] * The sinew , [ viz. the bow-string which was wont to be made of sinewes ] driuing [ them . ] * If at any time [ viz. whensoeuer ] the light Parthians enter their first battels , [ viz conflicts or skirmishes with their enemies . ] g Here the Poet to procure more attentiō to that which followeth , turnes his speech vnto the Muses , and inuocates them to helpe him in finding out and relating this great matter ; what God inuented this skill . ‖ Oh ye daughters of Iupiter , who remember all things . ‖ Hath inuented or found out . ‖ Found out this skill or cunning . * Art. ‖ Vpon what occasion . From whence this new experience came . ‖ Practise or triall . Then he proceeds to his long narration concerning Aristeus , and the recouerie of his bees . How he went vnto his mother Cyrene a Nymph for aduice , who sent him to Pro●eus a God of the sea , of whom he learned this art . Where first he describes Aristeus by his calling ; that he was a shepheard , viz a great maister of husbandry , chiefly of bees ; and secondly by his countrey , Tempe , those pleasant fields of Thessaly , neare the riuer Peneis ; and thirdly , in that he hauing lost his bees by sicknesse and by famishment , did quite forsake that his pleasant countrey . ‖ The great husband Aristeus being skilfull about cattell , trees and bees , as followeth after . * Flying from , * The Peneian Tempe , [ viz. Tempe neare the riuer Peneus in Thessaly , running betweene Ossa and Olympus . * [ His ] bees being lost ( as the fame [ is ] ) by , &c. [ or when his bees were lost . ] And went to the head of the riuer Peneis ; where standing verie penfiue at that sacred fountaine , he makes a grieuous complaint vnto his mother Cyrene . ‖ Diseases comming of famishment . Hysteron proteron . ‖ Hunger . * Sad. Speaking in this maner as followeth , in the words of the Poet. * Vtmost riuer , [ viz. at the fountaine of Peneus . Mother Cyrene , &c. Where first he calls his mother by her name ; and secondly describes her by her habitation , that she dwelt in the deepest bottoms of that riuer . * Many things . * [ His ] parent in this voice [ or speech . ] * [ My ] mother . * Which holdest , [ viz. inhabitest . ] Secondly he aggrauates his complaint by the wrong which she had done him ; that she had bred him , and that of the noble linage of the Gods , ( if Apollo was his father , as she said ) yet to liue enuied of the Gods or fates . * The lowest bottomes or places of , &c. ‖ Cyrene was thought to dwell in a caue of Pindus , whence Peneus springs , there to be worshipped as a Nymph or Goddesse . ‖ Riuer . * Begotten me being odius to the fates ‖ Apollo was called Thymbraeus , either of Thymbra a towne of Phrygia , where was great store of the herbe Thymbra , viz. Sauorie ; or of Thymber a riuer of Troas , neare which Apollo had a Temple . And so expostulates with her , asking what was become of her loue towards him , and why she had put him in hope to be receiued into the number of the Gods , or to liue that heauenly life , seeing he could not be permitted the honour of this mortall life , which he had attained by his owne wisdom , industry and experience in his carefull ordering both of cattell and fruites . * Being odious to the fates , [ viz. that I should liue enuied or odious to the Gods. ] ‖ The loue wherewith thou wast wont to loue vs. ‖ Departed . * To thee . ‖ To hope to be receiued into the number of the Gods. * Behold or see also . * Thee being [ my ] mother . * Wittie custodie . And after he wisheth her , if she enuied his prosperous estate , that she should then destroy all the fruites and hopes or his labours , as if pluking them vp with her owne hands . * Had beaten out to me , [ viz. had inuented or prouided for me , ] trying all things . ‖ My fruitfull trees , [ viz. destroy all the fruites and hopes of my labours . That she would consume with fire all his cattell , corne , and store . ‖ Set fire vpon my stalls of cattell , or roomes of store , [ viz. burne vp all my cattell and store . ] Yea that she would burne vp his plants , and destroy his vines if she was weary of his praise . * Kill [ viz. waste ] [ my ] haruests or graine . * Moue [ thy ] strong twibill , axe , or vinehooke vnto my vines . * If so great tediousnesse [ or wearinesse ] of my praise haue taken thee , [ viz. taken hold vpon thee , ] or if it ●rke thee of my praise . h The Poet hauing thus described Aristaeus and his complaint , descends to the Nymph Cyrene the mother of Aristeus , and her answer : wherein first he sheweth how she perceiued a dolefull voice , and then describes her both by the place wher she was , viz. in her bedchamber , vnder the deep riuer Peneus ; and also by her attendants , the Nymphs round about her . Which Nymphs are againe set out by their work , that they toosed Milesian wooll of a deepe glassie colour ; and by their names , to wit , Drymo , Zantho , Ligea , Philodoce : and these like wise commended by their beautie in their haire , viz. hauing their faire haire spred about their white neckes . ‖ A dolefull noise , [ viz. the complaint of her sonne Aristeus . * The Nymphs [ standing ] about her . ‖ Caried . * Milesian fleeces [ viz. of the citie Miletum . ] * Counterfeited . * With a full colour of glasse . Al. A Saturan colour , of Saturum a citie neare Tarent , where such colours were much died . * For the reason of these names set Ramus com on this place . * Being powred out [ or spred ] in regard of [ their ] bright haire [ or locks ] by [ or about ] their white necks . ‖ Gay , or gallant . And with these Nesea , Spio , Thalia , Cymodoce , Cydippe and Lycorias , which two last are noted , that one of them was a virgin : * And yellow Lycorias , [ viz. Lycorias with her golden lockes . The other of them hauing had one onely child . * Th' other then first hauing tried by experience the labours [ or trauels ] of Lucina . By Lucina is vnderstood Iuno or Diana , so called because they two ruled the trauell of women , and helped in bringing the child to light . ‖ Where the Poet counts adulterie theft . Vnto these are added Clio and Beroe , which two are honoured by their descent , that they were the daughters of Oceanus . * Girded in with gold . And also by their attire , that they were clothed in gold , and spotted skins . * And with painted skins , [ viz. garments or girdles made of speckled Deere skins . With these in like manner are numbred others , as Ephyre , Opis , Asia and Deiopeia . * And also . * And Deiopeia of Asia [ or Asia Goddeslike . ] And also Arethusa , who is commended for her swiftnesse , hauing layed away her shafts wherewith she pursued the chase . * Her shafts being layed away at last , [ viz. after that she had layed away her shafts , and left off her hunting . ] * Amongst which [ Nymphs ] [ the Nymph ] Clymene * Shewed [ or related ] viz. sang of , * The vaine [ or needlesse ] care of Vulcan . * The deceits of Mars . Hereof see Ouids Met. And amongst them all Clymene , who told them merrie tales to passe away the time , & make their work more pleasant . Of which tales some few are noted , to giue a ●aste to the rest . * Sweet thefts , [ viz. stolne delights ] betweene Mars and Venus . * And Clymene numbred the thicke loues . ‖ From the beginning of the world . Metam . I. i But here the Poet returns to declare the effect of Aristeus moane , that thogh the Nymphs were caught with much delight , whilest they were spinning , through the pleasantnesse of her discourse and her pretie tales , yet the dolefull moan of Aristeus pierst into his mothers eares . * With which verse . * Catched or taken [ with delight . ] * Whilst they roll downe or twist the soft yarne with their spindles . * The mourning of Aristeus inforced [ or entered violently into ] his mothers eares . And that all the Nymphes sitting on their glassie seates were much amazed therewith . * From [ their ] glassie seates . ‖ Their seates being bright like glasse [ as water which is shining , that it may be discerned thorough . ] And thirdly how Arethusa looking forth before her other sisters to know the noise and what it meant , lift vp her golden head aboue the top of the water . ‖ Shining head , or golden head . * From the vppermost waue , [ viz. the vppermost part of the water . * Waue . * And farre off . And that she perceiuing what it was , thogh standing a far off , spake vnto her sister Cyrene , ( who was exceedingly affrighted at the dolefull moane ) & shewed her the whole matter . * Exceedingly terrified . * By so great a groane , [ viz. pitifull mourning . * To [ or for thee . ] How her son Aristeus who was her greatest care , being very sad for her cause , stood weeping at the riuer side , & called her cruell . * Waue , [ viz. at the side of [ the riuer ] Peneus . * Smitten in regard of her minde . Synech . ‖ Astonished . Wherunto the answer of Cyr●nes his mother is adioyned , and first is set downe a preparatiō to her speech : How she being smitten with a new feare , returned againe this answer vnto Arethusa : That she should go and bring him in vnto her . That it might be lawfull for him to approch and enter within the thresholds of the Gods , sith he was the sonne of a Nymph and of a God. * To this [ Arethusa . ] ‖ For him [ because he was the sonne of a God and of a Nymph . ] And withall how she commanded the waters to depart , and to make way where her sonne should enter in . ‖ To auoide , or giue place , [ viz. to make a way . How thereupon the waters obeyed , stood about him . * Should bring in his steps , [ or the going of the yong man might bring him in . * The waue . ‖ Crooked [ or bowed crooks ] into the face [ viz. after the maner or fashion of a mountaine or hill . And receiued him accordingly , and sent him vnderneath the riuer vnto his mothers house . ‖ And receiued him in her huge chanell . ‖ Streame . k Then the Poet shews his wondering at the things he saw in this his passage amongst the waters . How he admired his mothers house , her watery realmes , the great : standing ponds within ●he ground , frō whence the fountaines and di●ers riuers issued , and also how he wondered at the sounding groues . * Maruelling [ or wondering ] at the house of his mother which had bred him . * Kingdomes . ‖ These are fained to be the Theaters of the Nymphes . ‖ Huge motion or tumbling . ‖ Large or spacious . How he still going forward , was asto●ied at the huge tumbling of the waters , and 〈◊〉 great riuers flowing vnder●e at● the earth . * And [ admiring ] the lakes , [ viz. standing ponds or meeres , the receptacles of the fountains or from whence the heads of diuers riuers issued . * Sliding . * And did behold . ‖ Issues forth . A● Phasis and Lycus . And to behold the heads of diuers great riuers , 〈◊〉 both of the deepe riuer E●ipous , Al Snatcheth forth it selfe . * From whence . And also of the ancient riuer Tiber. ‖ The ancient riuer Tiber [ doth burst forth . ] And so likewise the head of Anien , of Hipanis , Caicus & Eridanus . Which three riuers are set forth by their seuerall circumstances . As Hipanis for making a great sound , running amongst stones : Caicus flowing out of Mysia . ‖ Anio a riuer neare Tibur . * Sounding as amongst stones , [ viz. roughly and vehemently , ] Saxosum pro Saxo● . ‖ Caicus a riuer of Phrygia , coming out of Mysia . Eridanus , that it hath two golden hornes in a buls face . * And Eridanus being golden [ in regard of his ] double hornes in [ or with ] a buls countenance . Synec . It seemeth to be called golden , either in regard of the signe in heauen so called , golden with ●larre : or for the riches of it by the ca●tell feeding on the banks thereof ; or the townes and cities neare vnto it . And it is said to be bull faced , for the roaring or violence thereof . It is now called Padus . And that it floweth most violently into the sea through the fertile fields . * Then which [ riuer . ] * Flowes in [ or runnes ] more violent into the purple sea thorough the fat well tilled fields . ‖ The Adriaticall sea called purple for the blacknesse , in regard of the depth . The sea i● commonly called ●ceruleum , viz. azure , or skie coloured . ‖ And bring him fine towels . l Then followeth a second part of the na●ration of the maner of his receiuing into his mothers house , and entertainment there ; and also his sending vnto Pro● for his entertainment . How after he was entred into his mothers house , ( which is described that it was roofed o●er with hanging pumish stone , ) and after that she knew that the cause of her sons weeping might easily be remedied ▪ the Nymphs which attended vpon her ( each in their order , ) some of them brought him sweet water for his hands , * After that [ it was ] throughly come [ of him ] into the roofes , [ viz. vnder the roofes ] of the bed-chamber hanging with pumish stone , [ viz. being of pumish stone hanging ouer their heads . ] * Vaine [ viz hurtfull to him , and which might be helped . ] * [ Her ] naturall sisters giue liquid fountaines to [ his ] hands in order , [ viz. each in order , or many of them attending in order . ] * The naps shorne . * Loade . And fine towels to wipe withall . * Meate or delicates . Others of them furnish the table with dainties , and oft fill the cups . * And set againe full pots . m For his sending to Proteus , the Poe● sheweth what holy rites were vsed . How the Nymphs first burnt vpon the altars great store of incense made with sweet Panchean wood . * The altars grow great with Panchean fiers , [ viz. with fiers of sweete wood or of frankincense of Panchea a countrey in Arabia where is store thereof . ‖ Are incensed , or haue great store of frankincense burnt on them . ‖ Pots , goblet● , or sacrificing cups . * Meonian wine . ● And then how his mother filling certaine sacrificing cups of Lydian wine , inc●tes him to offer to Oceanus the great God of the sea . * Let vs sacrifice or touch lightly . * Together . And how withall she prayes both vnto that great Oceanus , whom she calls the father of all things , and to the Nymphs her sisters . * Oceanus the great God of the sea , sonne to 〈◊〉 and Vesta . ‖ The Poet followes the opinion of them which thought all things to be made of the water . * A hundred [ whereof there are ] which , &c. ‖ Are Goddesses of the woods , a hundred of the riuers . Which sister Nymphs are described by their number and their charges ; that a hundred of them kept the woods , and another hundred kept the riuers . * She powred [ or all to sprinkled ] about thrise the burning fire with liquid Nectar , [ viz. that excellent drinke of the Gods. * Vesta the Goddesse of the fire , put for fire . And thirdly how she thrise sprinkled the fires vpon the altars with most pure Nectar . ‖ Vnder the wine cast on , it flasht backe to the top of the house . Finally , how the flame thereof flashed vp three times to the top of the house . With which good signe of happy successe she comforting & assuring her selfe , as if she had 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 by the spirit of 〈◊〉 began to direct her so● Aristeus for his going and seeking vnto Prote●s , as followeth . ‖ She assuring her selfe , as being inspired by Oceanus , began to speake thus . n That there was a Prophet of Neptune in the 〈◊〉 sea , * Of Neptune . ‖ In the gulfe of the Carpathian sea , which is so named of an I le betweene Rhodes and Creete , called Carpathus . ‖ Proteus of the colour of the sea . Whose name was the skie coloured Proteus , which Prophet vsed to be carred ouer the sea on fishes backs . ‖ Swims ouer the huge sea . * By fishes . And in a chariot drawn by two footed horses . * And with a chariot of two footed horses ioyned [ or tied thereunto ] viz. with a chariot tied to the horses . How this Prophet was at this time gone to review the ports of Emathia and his countrey Palene . ‖ The Gods of the sea were fained to be of the forepart horses , fishes of the hinder . * He now hath visited againe the hauens of Emathia . And how for his diuine knowledge the very Nymphs did adore him , and euen Nereus that ancient God of the sea did honour him , for that he foreknew all things both past , present , and to come . ‖ Emathia is taken for Thessaly , wherein Proteus is said to haue reigned first . * Both the Nymphs do worship him , and also the great aged Nereus [ who is the father of the Nymphes ] [ doth worship him . ] ‖ Nereus a God of the sea . ‖ That Proteus . * Hath knowne all things . Then for the confirmatiō hereof , she giues the reason of his diuine knowledge : That it seemed good to Neptune thus to grate him therwith , for his good seruice done vnto him , in tending of his beards of cattell , to wit , both his sea-calues and all other monsters of the sea . ‖ Or which may be drawne on , [ or prolonged ] to come by and by [ or hereafter . ] ‖ To Neptunes grace . ‖ By these monstrous heards , he meanes the huge fishes and sea monsters , as whales and the like . * Filthy , [ viz. ugly , great . ‖ Vnder the gulfe , [ viz. in the depth of the seas . ] o After she shewes him the maner how he must consult with this Proteus : That first he must bind him before he ask any question of him , to the end that he might the more speedily make knowne vnto him the causes of the diseases of his bees . * My sonne , this [ Prophet Proteus ] is to be catched of thee before with bonds , [ viz. thou must bind him first because he will tell thee nothing , but being inforced . * Dispatch readily . * All the cause of the disease . And grant him good successe for the repairing of them . * And may prosper the euents [ or falling out of things . Because he would not teach him any thing but by constraint . ‖ He will not tell thee any thing . For that he could not moue him by any intreatie . * Force . * Bow him . And therfore she aduiseth to catch him of a sudden , and to bind him by force . * Stretch out hard force [ or violence ] to [ him ] taken . ‖ His subtill deuices about , &c. And then howsoeuer he would for a time vse sundry deceits to escape his bonds , yet at length all his shifts would be frustrate , and he should certainly preuaile . * Shall be broken [ as ] vaine at length , [ viz. that he will tell thee ] * I my selfe will leade thee into the secret places [ or walkes ] of the old man , [ viz. Proteus . ] ‖ Whenas the Sun doth parch in the middle of the day . Also to this purpose she promiseth that she her selfe will conduct him to the very place where he may finde Proteus asleepe . That about the noone time of the day , when as the Sunne is most hote , so that the herbs begin to parch , and that the cattell seeke after the shadow to stand vnder , to saue them from the heate , she would guide him to the secret place of this old man. * Do thirst [ or parch , as crying for water . ] ‖ Pleasant or delight some . ‖ Gods of the sea are fained to be old men and gray haired , because of the foame of the sea . * Al. Whither he being wearied of the waues , or with the water . * Doth receiue or betake himselfe . Whither he being wearied by reason of his age & toyling amongst the waues , retires himselfe to rest . ‖ Come vpon him . * Lying in sleepe . p And here she rehearseth againe the maner how her son should inforce him , when he had caught him . That he must hold him fast and binde him sure , because he would change himselfe into diuers shapes , to the end to delude him , or to affright him , so to cause him to let him go . * Catched with . That so he might come vpon him of a sudden , lying fast asleep . ‖ Shewes or likenesses . * Mouthes . * For he will be made suddenly a horrible [ or dreadfull ] swine . ‖ A cruell tiger . That he would be turned of a sudden into a swine , and to a blacke tiger . ‖ A dragon full of scales . ‖ A she lion . Likewise into a scaly dragon . * With a necke of a deepe yellow shining like gold . And into a fierce lionesse . * Or else he will giue a sharpe [ or shrill ] sound of a flame of fire . Or else he would seeme like a flame of fire , making a crackling noise to escape out of his bonds . * Fall out , [ viz. get away . ] * Or sliding away , he will go into the thin waters . Or to slip away into the water . * But by how much more he shall turne himselfe . Against all which she forewarneth him , to looke well to it , that the more he should so change himselfe , he should tie and hold him so much the harder , ‖ Change. * Formes . * My sonne stretch more , by so much the bands holding him fast . Vntill he come vnto his right shape againe , as he was at the first . * What a one thou hast seene him . * Couered . * With sleepe begun , [ or [ his ] sleepe begun ] [ viz. beginning to sleepe . ] q Cyrene hauing thus directed her sonne , she moreouer prouides that he may be liuely & valorous against the time of this his conflict with Proteus , the better to preuaile . And to this purpose she cast vpon him a pure odour of Ambrosia . ‖ Thus she spake . * Sa●d . ‖ And [ withall ] * Powred abroad . * A liquid smell [ or sauour , or iuyce . ] r Ambrosia ab a pri●atiua , & 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 mortalis , because it is ●aid to make them immortall who taste thereof , as Nectar of 〈◊〉 & 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , occido , non occido , Ramus . ‖ By Ambrosia is either meant an herbe commonly called Oke of Ierusalem , or Oke of Paradise ; or else it is taken for the meate of the Gods , as vsually in the Poets , like as Nectar is the drinke of the Gods. * With which she powred [ or wet ] throughout the whole bodie of [ her ] sonne . * A sweete winde [ or blast ] breathed vnto him , his haires being composed , [ viz combed , and neatly set in order . ] ‖ A liuely ablenesse . Al. Throughly annointed , or led thoroughout . * Came. s After all this , doth the Poet describe the place of Proteus re●t , more fully , where Cyrene sets her sonne to catch him in such sort as she had directed . ‖ A mightie great ho●e . * Of a mountaine all eaten away [ with the waters . ] Wherewith she soked his whole bodie thoroughout , & blew vpon with so sweete a sent , that a liuely vigour entred into his lims . ‖ Great store of water . * Is gathered by the wind . * And [ the waue ] doth cut or deuide it selfe into bosomes brought backe , [ viz. hollow turnings of water banks , where the water is beate backe . ] * In time past a most safe standing [ or rode ] to the mariners being catched . * Within Proteus doth couer , [ viz. is wont to couer , or hide himselfe for his retire . ] That there is a huge caue in the side of a hill eaten with the water , where the waues driuen in by the windes are beaten backe . * Barre or shut . * Vaste or mightie . * Here the Nymph [ his mother ] doth place the yong man [ viz. Aristeus ] turned from the light [ that is , aside from the caues mouth , whereby the light came into the caue , that Proteus should not see him . Which place was sometime a most safe harbour for sea-men caught by tempest . ‖ In a secret place . How within this ca●e Proteus vsed to retire & rest himselfe , couering the mouth of it with a very great stone . ‖ She also withdrew her selfe a far off , couered with a cloud . And how within a creake hereof she placed her sonne secretly , that he might stand close ▪ and not be seene . Al. resistit , stands backe , [ viz. stood aside . * Obscure with clouds , [ viz. much hidden . t Then he declares the effect of her aduice , how all things came to passe accordingly ; and first sets out the time of his surprising him in such sort , that it was the beginning of the dog-days , viz when the dog-star burnes in the skie , and about the midtime of the day , which is thus set forth by causes and effects : That the Sunne had gone halfe his daily course , the herbes withered , the hollow riuers waxed warme euen vnto the mud , hauing their banks drie . * Now Syrius vehement [ in burning ] parching or scorching . ‖ Syrius is a starre in the mouth of the signe called the Dog , at the arising whereof are great and intemperate heates . That she withdrew her selfe farre off , obscuted with a cloud . * Did burne in the heauen , [ viz. did cast his fiery influence from heauen . * Had drawne halfe the orbe , [ viz. had past halfe the world , that is , was come to the midst or height of heauen , viz , to the noonesteed . ‖ The scorching sun had warmed the riuers to the mud . * Iawes [ viz. mouthes or tops of the riuers ] viz. their banks drie all about the tops . u Secondly , Proteus his going to sleepe , is amplified by the place whither he went , viz. to his wonted caues ; * Flouds . * Seeking his accustomed holes , [ or priuie lurking places . ] ‖ The fishes of the sea . ‖ Huge great sea . ‖ Bounsing about him , as triumphing for excessiue ioy . ‖ The seawater which is bitter in taste . ‖ Far abroad , like as fishes do when they leape . ‖ The sea monsters . * Strew themselues in sleepe in a diuers shore . And likewise by his attendants , the sea-calues bounsing vp about him as reioycing at his presence , and sprinkling the water all abroad . ‖ Proteus himselfe . ‖ Whenas his cattell go home from feeding . And thirdly by the sea monsters , laying themselues to sleep on euery shoare . Lastly , Proteus reposing himselfe to rest in the midst amongst them . Which the Poet illustrates by a fit similitude taken from a heardman in the mountaines : That as he , when his bullocks returne from feeding in the euening , At what time the lambes by their bleating set the teeth of th ▪ ●olues on edge , doth then sit downe vpon some rocke or some other high place , and counts the number of his cattell : * Do sharpen the wolues [ or set their teeth on edge . ‖ By their bleating in the euening . ‖ Sits downe on a rocke , and tels his cat tell , euen so Proteus * Sate downe together [ in the midst of his great troupes of fishes . ] * Being the middle . Euen so did Proteus set downe himselfe to rest in the midst of his great troupes of fishes . ‖ Rehearseth the number of them , [ or numbers them . ] x Then followeth the aduenturing vpon him by Aristeus , and the whole manner of it for the speedinesse and violence thereof . * Of [ taking ] whom [ viz. which Proteus ] because a facultie [ or libertie ] is offered to Aristeus , * Hauing suffered How he seeing now his fit opportunitie , scarcely suffereth the old man to repose his weary lims to rest , ‖ Proteus , * To compose his wearied lims . * Rusheth with a great crie , and takes before [ or preuents him ] lying downe with manicles [ viz. bonds [ or gives ] for his hands . But rusheth vpon him with a great outcrie , Catcheth him lying all along to sleepe , ties him fast . ‖ Proteus . * Contrarily . How Proteus on the other side remembring his skill , * Of his [ deceitfull ] art . ‖ Disguiseth and changeth himselfe , Transformes himselfe into maruellous shapes . * Into all miracles [ or maruellous likenesses ] of things . As both into fire , ‖ Both into the likenesse of fire , and of fierce wilde beasts , and a liquid floud [ or streame . ] And into the likenesse of a horrible wild beast , and also into a cleare riuer . Finally , when he can finde no meanes to escape by any delusion or deuice , * But when he found flight by no deceit . * Deceit , [ viz. sleight or deuice . Being ouercome he returnes into his owne shape againe . * He returnes into himselfe , [ viz. he came to his owne likenesse . y And then he at length speakes with a mans voice : Demanding of him the causes how he durst be so bold ? ‖ With a man● voice . Who bad him come vnto his house ? or what he fetched thence ? * O thou most confident [ yong man ] of [ all ] yong men . * Commanded thee , ‖ To enter into my dwelling house . Vnto which demands Aristeus makes answer . * Houses . That he knew the causes well enough . * He answered . That it was not possible for any man to go beyond him by decei● . ‖ Thou knowest why I came , and what I would . And therefore wisheth him to leaue off either to seek to beguile him , or to enquire the cause . For that he was come thither , following the command of the gods ; and moreouer that he came to enquire of the Oracles of the Gods , euen of himselfe , ( who at that time gaue their answers ) what he was to do for the repairing of his decayed estate , viz. for the recouerie of his bees . * Granted ] to any man. ‖ To outreach thee by deceit . * But ceasse thou to be willing [ to deceiue me with thy sleights , or to know why I am come . * We hauing followed [ or obeyed . ] ‖ Are come hither . * To seeke the oracles [ of the Gods ] my things being sliden , [ viz. mine estate or stocke being decayed . ] z Aristeus hauing thus spokē , Proteus strangely rapt by a diuine furie , ( as Prophets haue bene wont to be in giuing their answere ) speakes vnto him as an Oracle . But first his fury is described notably . How he rolled his fierie eyes with great enforcement ; * He spake [ or vttered ] thus much , [ viz. Aristeus answered thus . * The Prophet rolled his eyes burning [ or flaming ] with red fiery light , at these words . * Writhed or turned . ‖ Glaucus here seemeth to be taken for a fiery rednesse , a● in the eyes of lions . * Gnashing [ or grinning ] grieu●sly [ being enforced . Gnashed his teeth discontentedly , and then thus began to manifest the oracle , concerning the cause of the losse of his bees . That it was for the death of Euridice , which he had caused ; for which the Nymphs her sisters killed his bees . Which he vtters thus by the contrary more particularly How it was not the displeasure of any meane power , but euen of a God that did him that annoy . That he was punished for his hainous fact : and that Orpheus the famous musitian ( worthy of all commi●eration ) had raised vp all that euill against him , yet nothing so great as his desert , ( as he should find if the fates did not resist ) for villanie offered vnto his tender wise . ‖ Thus he began to shew the destinies of the Gods. * In destinies . * The angers not of no diuine power , [ viz. of none of the meanest Gods , or of no lesse a power then a God ] do exercise thee . * Luis , not lues , [ viz. thou abidest punishment for , [ or thou redeemest or purgest by thy punishment ] thy ] great offe●es committed . ‖ Orpheus the Poet worthy of much commiseration , stirreth vp against thee all these euils . * Raiseth vp to thee those punishments . * Nothing at all for thy merit , [ viz. nothing so much as thou deseruest . ] * Except that [ or but that the destinies resist , ] viz. of Apollo thy father , and Cyrene thy mother . * For his wife being rauished , [ or in danger to be rauished by Aristeus , [ or for his wife being violently taken away [ from him . ] * Yong wench or girle . * Readie to die [ with feare of thee . ] * Whilst she fled from thee all headlong , [ viz. in haste without regard . ] * By the flouds [ or riuers ] * A cruell [ fierce or huge ] water serpent or adder . For that whilst ●he fled away from him , as for her life , and almost dead with feare , running headlong by a riuers side , was stung to death of a sudden by a most fell adder , which there lay watching in the deepe grasse . ‖ Watching . * Herbe , [ herbes or weeds by the riuer side . * Being equall [ in age ] with Orpheus wife ] viz. all the yong Nymphs . ‖ Made the mountaines ring with their crie . Whereupon all the whole company of the yong Nymphs called the Dryades that were of equal age with her , filled the highest mountaines with their crie : in so much as the very mountaines themselues did seeme to mourne and weepe ; * The Rhodopeian towers haue wept , [ viz. the tops of the mountaine Rhodope in Thracia being like towers , lamented ] viz. by reason of the Nymphs there hauing their abode . As both Rhodopey , * And the high mountaines called Pangea [ in Thracia neare Macedonia . ] And Pangea , And the countrey of Rhesus , * And the warlike earth of Rhesus , [ viz. of Thracia where king Rhesus reigned after . And also the Getes , The riues Hebrus in like manner : and so Orythia the Athenian Nymph . ‖ The Scythians called Massagets . ‖ A riuer of Thracia . * And Actias Orithya [ viz. Orithya of Acte or Athens the daughter of Erichthonius king of Athens . a But yet how Orpheus himselfe though exceedingly bewailing his deare wife , yet labored to asswage his sorowful loue with doleful songs & with his hollow Iute . Which harmony of his is set out both by the places and times , and things on which it wrought , and how farre it did auaile . That he sang of his sweete wife , both by himselfe all alone in the desert shore , and also how he sang of her in the morning , at the breaking of the day & in the eurning likewise at the departure of the same , still sounding out E●ridice in most 〈◊〉 sort . * Comforting [ his ] sicke [ or pensiue ] loue with [ his ] hollow lute made of a torteise shell , [ or after the fashion of a torteise shell , for thence was ( as they say ) the first inuention of the lute . ] ‖ He sang of thee continually . * Louely shore . * The day coming . * [ The day ] departing . * And hauing entred into the Tenarian iawes , [ or mouthes , or gaping holes . * Tenarus is a Promont●ry in Laconia , where for the deepe concauities , is thought to be the descent into hell . ‖ Dungeons . * Of Dis. And so entring into the very iawes of hell , and into the deep dungeons of Pluto , and into a groue all blacke with fearfull darknesse , he went to the infernall spirits , and to the dreadfull king , euen vnto Pluto himselfe . * A groue or wood dark with a black feare , [ because there is perpatuall and most dread full darknesse . ‖ Infernall spirits , ghosts , or diuels . ‖ To Pluto . * Not knowing [ or being ignorant how ] to waxe gentle [ or 〈◊〉 ] by humane prayers , [ viz. that 〈◊〉 can be quieted or appeased by any prayers or meanes . This appeasing them by Orpheus was extraordinary and onely for a time , by the sweetnesse of his melodie . And vnto the ghosts which cannot be appeased or quieted by any prayers of men . * But the thinne shadowes moued together . But yet were moued by the sweetnesse of his harmonie . So that they came from the lowest seates of hel to heare him l●te and sing . ‖ Came and flocked to heare Orphe●s to sing and play . * Erebus is properly a certain darknesse , vsed for a riuer of hell , here for hell it selfe . Which comming of theirs , is amplified by their multitudes , and also by their sorts . * Of [ men . ] * How many thousands of birds , [ viz as many or as thicke as birds which flie to the woods , &c. That they came in such numbers , as birds flocking to the woods in the euening time . * When the euening [ doth driue them ] Or when a Winter shower driues them from the hils . ‖ A wet or sharpe storme . And for the sorts of them , that there came both mothers and husbands , couragious nobles , boyes and girles . * Mountaines . * [ These ghosts are ] mothers and husbands . ‖ Departed . Yong men also which had bene burnt to ashes before their parents faces . ‖ Lads . ‖ Burnt to ashes in the fiers made for that purpose . * Before the faces of [ their ] parents . Euen all the ghosts of all sorts whith were within the bounds of hel , came to heare him : which bounds are limited by Cocytus that lothsome riuer of hell , made so noisome , for that the water neuer moueth . * Cocytus is a riuer of hell , flowing out of Styx . * Vnlouely with slow water , [ viz. because the water neuer moueth . Al. Vnfit to be sw●mme in . And by Styx the infernall fen compassing all nine times about . * Styx is said to be a fountaine [ or fen ] of Arcadia , so cold , that it kills whatsoeuer ●rinketh of it : here taken for the fen of hell , à nomine 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , tristis . ‖ For the vnderstanding of these words , nou●es Styx interfusa , Seruius saith , that by the nine circles are meant the seuen circles of the seuen plannets and the two circles of fire and aire , which nine circles compasse the earth , intermixt with water , and so this Styx which is said to be in the midst of the earth : but for this I leaue it to better iudgement . This is yet further amplified , that not only thes● , but also the very hel●ish houses théselues were astonied therewith , & the deepest dungeons called Tarta●a . And not they alone , but that euen the hellish furies were wrapt therewith . Which furies are described as hauing their haire all intangled with blackish snakes . ‖ The fiends inhabiting the hellish houses . * Haue bene astonied or amazed . * The inmost [ deep ] dungeons called Tartara . * And the Eumenides [ furies or hags of hell , daughters to Acheron and Nox , ] being intangled [ or hauing intangled or wrapped ] skie coloured snakes with [ their ] haires , stood astonied to heare Orpheus . Yea that Cerberus the gaping curre of hell left off his yolping . And moreouer , that the very wheele of Ixion , whereon he was tormented , stood still ; and euen the wind did stay , whereby it was whi●lde about before . * Cerberus a dog with three heads , which as the Poets fained was porter of hell . * Kept [ viz. left off his yolping . ] * Of Ixions orbe , viz. the round engine whereon he was tormented by Iupiters appointment , because he had sollicited Iuno to adultery ] stood still [ or stayed ] with the wind [ viz. together with the winde of it , by which winde it rolled about before ] to the end that they might heare Orpheus . b And finally the Prophet sheweth , that his musick so farre preuailed , as that he had recouered his Euridice againe , vpon this condition and law , that he looke ●ot behind him vnto her , vntil they were both quite forth of hel : wherunto they had proceeded , which is thus set forth by the Poet. That he was returning back from hell , had escaped al dangers , with his wife restored vnto him , and was coming out of the infernall darknesse into the light of this world ; and yet euen there ouerthrew all his labours and hopes again , onely forgetting that law of Proserpina the Queene of hel , in looking back vnto his Euridice . * Carrying backe [ or plucking backe ] [ his ] foote . ‖ Was past . * Chances 〈◊〉 misfortunes . ‖ Whom he had recouered againe . ‖ Was comming into the vpper aire , [ viz. into the light of the world , out of the darknesse of hell . ‖ Proserpina Plutoes wife had giuen this law , that if Orpheus looked backe vpon his wife vntill she was quite out of hell , and in the vpper light of the world , he should lose her againe , for that she should returne backe into hell . c Which is also further amplified by the causes and manner thereof . That a sudden madnes through the vehemencie of his affection , caught away his vnwarie minde to looke backe vnto his Euridice ( which though it was a great fault against such a law and vpon such a perill , yet was it a fault that in that case might wel haue bin pardoned if the infernall spirits could pardō any thing . Notwithstanding hee onely standing still , and but casting his eye behind him to her at the first glimpse of the light lost all his hope ; the grant of the mercilesse tyrant being vtterly made voide . ‖ Folly of too much loue . * Tooke [ viz had surprised or caught away the minde of Orpheus at vnawares . * [ A madnesse , ] [ viz. a passion of loue to be forgiuen . ‖ To shew any pitie . ‖ Conquered or surprized of minde , [ viz. by the passion of [ his ] mind . * Alacke . ‖ A great noise of many voices together [ was ] heard from the standing waters of Auernus , [ viz. the lake of hell , ] the fiends reioycing at the returns of Euridice . * He looked backe vnto his [ wife ] Euridice . * About the very light , [ viz. somewhat before full light , or so soone as he was come within the glimpse of any light . ] * Powred out [ or spilt . ] * Leagues [ viz. grant . ] * Vngentle [ viz. pitilesse ] tyrant [ Pluto . ] * Burst [ or broken . ] d Then followeth the lamentable moane and woe of both of them thereupon . ‖ The commandement of Pluto calls me backe . * Lost [ or vtterly cast away or destroyed . ] * Wretched woman . That though the fiends did exceedingly reioyce thereat , so that there was heard a great broken noise at of many voices together , of those infernall spirits from the 〈◊〉 ponds , yet they both lament ; and first she poore wretch cries out vnto her husband that he had vndone both her and himselfe , demanding what so great a madnesse in him had vndone them both ? for that the cruel 〈◊〉 now called her backe to hell againe . * What madnesse , [ ah ] so great [ hath vndone vo● ] ‖ The commandement of Pluto calls me backe . * Doth hide my lights [ viz. eyes ] swimming [ in teares . ] And the sleepe of death began to couer her dazeling eyes . ‖ O Orpheus farewell . And so she bids him farewell , for that she perceiued her selfe to be borne away , being compassed about with a dreadfull darknesse . And then stretching out her feeble hands vnto him , which she told him were none of his : * I am caried . * With a huge great night . * And I alas not thy [ wife ] [ as thou imaginedst . ] It is an answer to that before , Euridicem suam respexit . ‖ The weake [ or feeble ] palmes of my hands . Hauing spoken , she vanished suddenly out of his sight , like smoke vanishing into the thin ●ire , so that she saw him not after . * And fled away diuerse [ or asunder from him ] suddenly out of his eyes , euen as the smoke mixt together flieth into the thi● winds or blasts . And he poore man catching at her shadow all in vaine , and desirous to haue spoken many things vnto her , and to haue gone after her , yet could not . * Furthermore [ or further . ] * Shadowes . * Willing . For that the ferriman of hell would not suffer him any more to passe the fen betweene the liuing in this world and the infernall ghosts . ‖ Charon that caried soules oúer the three riuers of hell , Acheron , Cocythus and Styx , as the Poets faine : whence some of the heathen haue bene wont to put a litle peece of mony into the mouthes of the dead to pay for their feriage or fare . * Suffered him . ‖ Styx . * Set against [ them . ] e This wofull distresse of Orpheus , the Prophet 〈◊〉 amplifieth againe , adorning it with this demand , what he should haue done in this case , whither he should haue betaken himselfe , hauing his wife thus violently taken away from him twise ? by what lamentations be could 〈◊〉 possibly either moue the fiends , or intreate the Gods. * Carry himselfe . * Snatched away . * Weeping . ‖ Could he moue , And that she now being cold , swims back in the Stygian ferryboate . * The infernall spirits or diuels . * Moue the [ infernall ] powers . * She indeed . ‖ Being dead , * Did swim [ or was caried backe in the ferry boate of hell . f For Orpheus likewise . Proteus amplifies and sets out his lamentation both by the time , places and effects , and finally by his miserable death . For the time ; that men say that he mourned seuen whole moneths together without euer taking rest . * [ Men ] shew [ or report ] him [ viz. Orpheus ] to haue w●pt . * In order [ without intermission . ] * Vnder an airie rocke , [ viz. high in the aire . ] And for the place , that this he did vnder a high rocke neare vnto the riuer Strymon a place little inhabited through lakes & fens , oft repeating his old song . * At the waue [ viz water ] of Strymon a riuer of Thracia , hauing in some places no people neare vnto it by meanes of fens and lakes by it , and oft ouer flowings . * And to haue oft rolled ouer these things . Also for the effect of his song , that there he tamed the tigers with his 〈◊〉 , and made the very okes to moue . * Asswaging the tigers , [ viz. the fiercenesse of the tigers , or delighting the cruell wilde beasts . ] ‖ Making the very okes to moue . * Verse . g This ●e illustrates by a most apt ●imilitude taken from the nightingale . That like as she mourning vnder the shade of a poplar tree , 〈◊〉 in most dolefull ●ort for the taking away of her yong ones by a hard hearted plow man , who finding them drawes them out of their ●east vnfledgd , euen so did he . * What a one [ or as ] the nightingale sorrowing [ or lamenting ] vnder a poplar shade . ‖ Bewailes her yong ones being lost . * Which [ yong ones . ] * Hard plowman . ‖ Marking . * Fetherlesse , [ viz. before they had fethers . ] And like as she wailes all night long , and sitting vpon some branch euer renewes afresh her wofull note , filling all places farre and neare with her dolefull complaints , so likewise did Orpheus . * Weepes . * In a branch , [ viz. on a bough of that tree from whence her yong were taken ] begins againe . ‖ Her dolefull song . * Verse . * All abroad . * Sorowfull [ mourning or lamentable ] complaints . h Afterwards he enlargeth and sets out yet further , the excesse of his mourning , that it was so great , as no new loue or mariages could moue his mind at all : * No Venus [ or lust . ] * No mariages haue bowed , [ viz. moued or inclined [ his ] mind . But that he wandred pensiue all alone in the most cold countries , both through the frozen Scythiā coasts , and neare the riuer Tanais , which is vsually couered with snow ; and vp and downe the cold Rhiphean mountaines neuer free from frost , alwayes dolefully complaining for his Euridice so taken from him violently , and the grant of Pluto thus vtterly made voide . * He viewed all alone the Hyperborian ice , [ viz. the cold countries of the North towards the North pole . ] * Snowish [ or white with snow , or euer mixed with snow . ] * And also [ he wandered thorough ] the fields neuer depriued of as a widow , [ viz. neuer voide of ] the Rhiphean hoare frosts [ viz. the frosts vpon the Rhiphean hils . ] ‖ His wife Euridice . * Gifts of Dis , [ the God of hell ] all in vaine . * For which gift [ viz. in respect of which Euridice ] the mothers of the Cycones being despised . And finally , that his mourning was so excessiue and so endlesse , that he came to despise all other women in regard of his Euridice . Whereupon followed his miserable death by the women of the Cyconians , who seeing themselues and all other women scorned by him , pluckt him in peeces amongst them , yea they dragd & strewed his quarters through the broade fields , at the time of the sacrifices of their Gods , euen at their Bac-chanalia , when they celebrated their night ceremoniall rites to Bacchus in most odious manner . ‖ The Cycones are a people of Thracia dwelling neare the riuer Hebrus . * Despised [ by Orpheus . ] ‖ Pluckt Orpheus in peeces being then but a youth , and strewed his quarters thorough the broad fields at the time of the sacrifices and night ceremonies which they vsed at their feasts of Bacchus . * Spread [ or scattered . ] * The holy things of the Gods. And which is of all other most memorable , that yet his loue remained such to his Euridice , that when as his head being pluckt off from his white marble neck , was throwne into the riuer Hebrus , as it tumbled vp and downe in the midst of the stream , his voice and tongue , though he was now cold , called still Euridice . * The rites or ceremonies of Bac●hus [ wont to be celebrated in the night at their Bacchanalia or feasts of Bacchus . ] * Hebrus a riuer of Thracia , called OEagrius of OEagrus king of Thracia , and father of Orpheus as i● thought . * Rolled [ it ] in the middle gulfe [ viz. midst of the gulfe [ or streame . ] Ah miserable Euridice ; euen whē his soule was flying away . * The voice it selfe and the cold tongue did call Euridice . So that the bankes throughout the whole riuer resounded still Euridice . ‖ Alacke Euridice p●re wretch . * [ His ] soule flying away [ or departing ] viz. when his ghost vtterly departed . ‖ Resounded with the Eccho . * In the whole floud . i This was the summe of the answer of Proteus . And when he had made an end of his speech , the Poet sheweth how he cast himselfe into the depth of the sea . * Proteus spake [ or answered ] these things , and gaue himselfe by a throw * Into the deepe sea , [ viz. leapt into the depth of the sea , or maine sea . And how where he threw in himselfe , the waters whirld about their foming waues vnder the round turning of the streame . * And which way he gaue [ himselfe . ] * Fr●thing waue [ or water ] vnder the whirlepit [ or vpper crowne of the waters . ] k Yet that his mother Cyrene who had secretly withdrawne her selfe to hearken , and carefully to looke to the comfort of her sonne , departed not from him so as Proteus did ; but seeing him in much perplexed feare , spake vnto him most chearefully : That he might now put away all sorrowfull cares out of his mind , for that he vnderstood the cause of all his woe . ‖ Being very fearfull . * But Cyrene [ the mother of Aristeus [ did ] not [ so , ] [ viz. cast not her selfe likewise into the sea , nor yet feared . ‖ Euridice Orpheus wife . ‖ The whole cause . That all his losses were for that violence offered to Euridice , and for her death ensuing thereupon , for whose sake the Nymphs with whō she vsed to dance in the greene woods , sent all that miserable destruction vpon his bees . * It is lawfull to put away sad cares out of [ thy ] heart . * From hence . ‖ Wood● . ‖ Haue thus destroyed [ thy ] bees . * She practised dances . * To [ thy ] bees . ‖ Seeking reconciliation . ‖ Adore . After also hauing thus manifested vnto him the cause , she shewes him likewise the remedie . ‖ The gentle Nymphs of the woods , [ viz. the Goddesses of herbs and flowers , gentle or easie to be intreated . That he must humbly offer gifts vnto those Nymphs of the woods , ( which as she ●els him were easie to be intreated ) and that he must adore them , crauing peace : because they would easily be appeased so , and grant him his requests . * Thou being suppliant reach [ out ] gifts . * For they will giue leaue vnto [ thy ] vowes or wishes ] and will remit their angers , [ viz. they will be pacified . ] l And withal she directs him in order what the maner of his intreating them must be . * Of praying [ or making supplication ] vnto them . * Ch●ise [ or pickt out . ] ‖ Of body peerlesse or matchlesse . * Which now feed vpon the tops of greene Lyceus for thee . That he must chuse foure principall buls of most excellent bodies of all those which feed vpon mount Lyceus in Arcadia , and as many heifers which neuer had borne yoke . ‖ Lyceus a hill of Arcadia . * With necke vntouched , [ viz. which neuer bare yoke , ] [ because the sacrifices must be whole and vntouched . ] * Appoint to these foure altars at the high temples . Foure , as it may seeme according to the number of the foure windowes and windes mentioned before . And that he must make for these foure altars neare vnto the tēples of the Nymphs , ‖ Of these Nymphs . ‖ And kill these buls . Where he must kill them , so letting out the sacred bloud out of their throates . Also that he must leaue the bodies of these in a groue full of greene leaues . * Of the exen in a leauie groue . And that the ninth morning after he must offer some ghostly sacrifices to Orphe●s , * Whenas the ninth morning shall shew her risings , [ viz. in the morning of the ninth day . ] As namely of poppies , causing forgetfulnesse . Orphei casus Graec. * Deadly poppies , [ viz. causing forgetfulnesse vnto death , if they be verie much . ] And also a blacke sheepe . * Kill [ for a sacrifice ] a black sheep ] [ because the infern●ll spirits are delighted with blacke sacrifices . ] And then go and visite the groue againe where their bodies lie . ‖ The groue where the bodies of the 〈◊〉 are . There to adore Euridice , offering to her a heifer to 〈◊〉 her likewise . ‖ Adore Euridice being appeased , [ viz. seeking to appease her with a heifer offered to her . m All which things the Po● sheweth how Aristeus did according ●y without delay , obeying in all things the precepts of his mother . * [ There was ] not [ any ] delay . ‖ Aristeus . * Dispatcheth [ or puts in execution . ] ‖ The commandements . How he came into the Temple , erected foure such altars as she had directed him . ‖ Erecteth or buildeth the altars . ‖ Directed [ by his mother . And also how he brought foure such choise buls & as many ●heifers of vntouched necke . * Buls pickt out [ viz. singular . * Excelling or notable . * Their necke being vntouched , [ viz. which neuer bare the yoke . ] And after when the ninth morning did appeare , he sacrificed to Orpheus as he was commanded , and went againe vnto the groue . * Whenas the ninth morning had brought in her risings , [ viz early in the morning on the ninth day after . * He sends the infernall sacrifices to Orpheus , [ viz. he sacrificed to Orpheus . ] * And visited againe the groue , [ viz. where the bodies of the beasts were left . ] n Then the Poet relates the effects of all , how euery thing an swered his desire . * Monster . That here they did behold a sudden wonder , and almost vncred●ble to be spoken . ‖ Stridere & effervere tertiae co●iugationis vt olim . * Throughout the molten bowels , [ viz. di●solued by putrefacti● . ] That first bees made a buzzing noise thoroughout all the bodies of the beasts . * Of the oxen . * Wombe [ viz. bodie ] * To boyle out [ viz. to issue out 〈◊〉 it were boyling . ] And then issued as it were boiling out of their bursten ribs and 〈◊〉 * And ●asurable clouds to 〈◊〉 drawne along , [ viz. swar●es lik● clouds . ] 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 they s● 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 rudes of them , 〈◊〉 mightie clouds 〈◊〉 out in length , 〈◊〉 in the aire , ●d for to swarme together knitting in the tops of tree● , to h●ng downe like great clusters of grapes from the li●ber boughs . ‖ To swarme and 〈◊〉 . * In a chiefe [ or high tree , ] [ viz. high in a tree . ] ‖ To let downe , * A grape , [ viz. to hang downe in a great cluster like a huge bunch of grapes . * Bowing or bending , &c. o Thus the Poet hauing made an end of his long storie of Aristeus , concerning the recouery of his bees , and for the manner of repairing them when all the stocke is v●terly decayed , comes to the conclusiō of the whole work of his Georgicks , with a briefe rehearfall of all the things contained therein , and also of the time and place in which hee wrote . That these things he had sung of the ●illage of the fields , and of orde●g of cattell , and concerning trees . * I sang these verses , [ viz. I writ these things in verse . ] ‖ Of or concerning the manner of the tillage of the field● , * And vpon trees . * That great [ viz. mightie and most renowned [ Augustus ] Casar . ‖ Fighteth valiantly and terribly like the thunder , against the Parthians , hauing ouercome the Armenians . ‖ Neare the riuer Euphrates . * And being a conquerour ordaines lawes amongst a people willing to be 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 to submit themselues . * 〈◊〉 , a way to heauen , [ viz. 〈◊〉 by v●lorous acts . * 〈◊〉 , [ viz. Naples a most famous citie of Campania , called first Parthenope of one of the Syrenes so named buried there . ] And this at the time whenas Augustus 〈◊〉 thundered 〈◊〉 wa●e ●gainst the 〈◊〉 hauing subdued the 〈◊〉 menians , and was ●daining good 〈◊〉 among● a wicked ●ple ; and so was preparing a way for heauen , or at least for diuine honours in the earth . * Of v●noble idlenesse , [ viz. of Poetrie , which requires a kinde of idlenesse in vacant time from businesse , according to that of the Poet , Caemina secessum scribentis & otia quaerunt . It is also called v●noble , because learning commonly brings so little honour or riches through mens v●thankfulnesse , or lacke of respect , or for that idlenesse brings no honour . * Nourished me . And finally that he wrote these bookes of his Georgicks at Naples , flourishing in his 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Po●trie , which he calls ignoble vacancie .