Distant Reader - author-williamsJohn-freebo

Introduction

This is a Distant Reader "study carrel", a set of structured data intended to help the student, researcher, or scholar use & understand a corpus.

This study carrel was created on 2021-05-23 by Eric Morgan <emorgan@nd.edu>. The carrel was created using the Distant Reader zip2carrel process, and the input was a Zip file locally cached with the name input-file.zip. Documents in the Zip file have been saved in a cache, and each of them have been transformed & saved as a set of plain text files. All of the analysis -- "reading" -- has been done against these plain text files. For example, a short narrative report has been created. This Web page is a more verbose version of that report.

All study carrels are self-contained -- no Internet connection is necessary to use them. Download this carrel for offline reading. The carrel is made up of many subdirectories and data files. The manifest describes each one in greater detail.

Size

There are 46 item(s) in this carrel, and this carrel is 599,595 words long. Each item in your study carrel is, on average, 13,034 words long. If you dig deeper, then you might want to save yourself some time by reading a shorter item. On the other hand, if your desire is for more detail, then you might consider reading a longer item. The following charts illustrate the overall size of the carrel.

Readability

On a scale from 0 to 100, where 0 is very difficult and 100 is very easy, the documents have an average readability score of 90. Consequently, if you want to read something more simplistic, then consider a document with a higher score. If you want something more specialized, then consider something with a lower score. The following charts illustrate the overall readability of the carrel.

Word Frequencies

By merely counting & tabulating the frequency of individual words or phrases, you can begin to get an understanding of the carrel's "aboutness". Excluding "stop words", some of the more frequent words include:

church, god, may, will, one, us, shall, things, yet, saith, must, author, much, scripture, without, good, now, reason, christ, text, say, doth, time, therefore, made, worship, first, case, make, divine, men, man, tcp, well, revelation, world, way, might, authority, st, true, rome, nature, use, thing, john, great, whether, communion, though

Using the three most frequent words, the three files containing all of those words the most are The case of lay-communion with the Church of England considered and the lawfulness of it shew''d from the testimony of above an hundred eminent non-conformists of several perswasions., The difference between the Church of England, and the Church of Rome in opposition to a late book, intituled, An agreement between the Church of England, and Church of Rome., and A vindication of the sermons of His Grace John Archbishop of Canterbury concerning the divinity and incarnation of our B. Saviour : and of the Lord Bishop of Worcester''s sermon on the mysteries of the Christian faith, from the exceptions of a late book, entituled, Considerations on the explications of the doctrine of the Trinity : to which is annexed, a letter from the Lord Bishop of Sarum to the author of the said vindication, on the same subject..

The most frequent two-word phrases (bigrams) include:

english books, early english, books online, page images, text creation, creation partnership, let us, divine worship, characters represented, tcp schema, image sets, represented either, john williams, jesus christ, every one, almighty god, divine revelation, sermon preached, publick good, will never, true church, tells us, indifferent things, divine authority, things necessary, shall consider, amongst us, without asking, last days, author saith, will remain, robert boyle, now take, holy ghost, providing financial, proquest page, shall say, produce large, pfs batch, institutions providing, large quantities, critical editions, tcp assigned, images scanned, markup guidelines, web site, keying companies, print record, true nature, original source

And the three file that use all of the three most frequent phrases are The characters of divine revelation a sermon preached at St. Martins in the Fields, March 4. 1694/5 : being the third of the lecture for the ensuing year, founded by the Honourable Robert Boyle, Esquire / by John Williams ... A vindication of the sermons of His Grace John Archbishop of Canterbury concerning the divinity and incarnation of our B. Saviour : and of the Lord Bishop of Worcester''s sermon on the mysteries of the Christian faith, from the exceptions of a late book, entituled, Considerations on the explications of the doctrine of the Trinity : to which is annexed, a letter from the Lord Bishop of Sarum to the author of the said vindication, on the same subject., and A vindication of the history of the gunpowder-treason and of the proceedings and matters relating thereunto, from the exceptions which have been made against it, and more especially of late years by the author of the Catholick apologie, and others : to which is added, A parallel betwixt that and the present popish plot..

While often deemed superficial or sophomoric, rudimentary frequencies and their associated "word clouds" can be quite insightful:

Keywords

Sets of keywords -- statistically significant words -- can be enumerated by comparing the relative frequency of words with the number of times the words appear in an entire corpus. Some of the most statistically significant keywords in the carrel include:

tcp, god, church, scripture, revelation, author, religion, lord, authority, worship, world, doctrine, christ, saviour, man, king, communion, rome, evidence, england, divine, council, truth, state, spirit, son, service, salvation, providence, pope, order, oaths, nature, nation, law, john, jesuits, institution, inspiration, gospel, garnet, book, body, zacharias, word, vulgar, vision, vice, trinity, treason

And now word clouds really begin to shine:

Topic Modeling

Topic modeling is another popular approach to connoting the aboutness of a corpus. If the study carrel could be summed up in a single word, then that word might be church, and An answer to the address presented to the ministers of the Church of England is most about that word.

If the study carrel could be summed up in three words ("topics") then those words and their significantly associated titles include:

If the study carrel could be summed up in five topics, and each topic were each denoted with three words, then those topics and their most significantly associated files would be:

Moreover, the totality of the study carrel's aboutness, can be visualized with the following pie chart:

Noun & Verbs

Through an analysis of your study carrel's parts-of-speech, you are able to answer question beyonds aboutness. For example, a list of the most frequent nouns helps you answer what questions; "What is discussed in this collection?":

p., things, author, reason, time, scripture, way, thing, others, case, men, man, nothing, words, part, doth, text, people, self, body, nature, person, books, use, texts, matter, characters, place, religion, one, works, day, t, order, sense, none, images, church, argument, hath, manner, end, worship, word, mind, years, revelation, evidence, truth, kind

An enumeration of the verbs helps you learn what actions take place in a text or what the things in the text do. Very frequently, the most common lemmatized verbs are "be", "have", and "do"; the more interesting verbs usually occur further down the list of frequencies:

is, be, was, are, have, were, had, do, been, did, being, has, said, say, made, ''s, make, think, find, take, let, saith, used, given, give, come, believe, know, done, according, prove, see, taken, am, understood, consider, put, set, use, read, shew, thought, understand, encoded, found, called, known, concerning, hath, having

Proper Nouns

An extraction of proper nouns helps you determine the names of people and places in your study carrel.

god, church, c., christ, divine, john, tcp, rome, st., 〉, ◊, authority, 〈, saviour, communion, world, lord, england, worship, revelation, doctrine, text, faith, holy, hath, gospel, book, law, word, l., english, eebo, nature, mr., heaven, persons, scripture, jews, christian, tei, case, son, new, mankind, man, council, christians, williams, king, spirit

An analysis of personal pronouns enables you to answer at least two questions: 1) "What, if any, is the overall gender of my study carrel?", and 2) "To what degree are the texts in my study carrel self-centered versus inclusive?"

it, he, they, his, we, i, their, them, our, him, us, himself, you, themselves, its, my, me, your, her, she, theirs, thy, ours, one, thee, ye, yours, mine, ''s, myself, l, elias, †, yourself, whosoever, us''d, undiscover''d, sever''d, itself, herself, hers, custom, beza, beg''d, ''em

Below are words cloud of your study carrel's proper & personal pronouns.

Adjectives & Verbs

Learning about a corpus's adjectives and adverbs helps you answer how questions: "How are things described and how are things done?" An analysis of adjectives and adverbs also points to a corpus's overall sentiment. "In general, is my study carrel positive or negative?"

such, other, same, own, good, more, true, great, first, much, necessary, many, sufficient, little, last, present, saith, particular, general, several, early, greater, former, lawful, unlawful, whole, better, english, plain, certain, like, indifferent, common, second, evident, less, best, available, clear, false, guilty, doth, most, due, able, new, fit, different, publick, least

not, so, then, as, now, therefore, only, more, thus, well, yet, here, up, also, very, out, much, never, far, there, most, again, in, no, indeed, even, rather, before, ever, too, all, is, down, that, together, first, sometimes, otherwise, often, once, further, just, over, truly, especially, thereby, long, however, else, therein

Next steps

There is much more to a study carrel than the things outlined above. Use this page's menubar to navigate and explore in more detail. There you will find additional features & functions including: ngrams, parts-of-speech, grammars, named entities, topic modeling, a simple search interface, etc.

Again, study carrels are self-contained. Download this carrel for offline viewing and use.

Thank you for using the Distant Reader.