A sermon preach'd before the King at Whitehall, on January 30, 1696 by John Lord Bishop of Chichester ...
         Williams, John, 1636?-1709.
      
       
         
           1697
        
      
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             A sermon preach'd before the King at Whitehall, on January 30, 1696 by John Lord Bishop of Chichester ...
             Williams, John, 1636?-1709.
          
           32 p.
           
             Printed for Ri. Chiswell, and Tho. Cockerill ...,
             London :
             1697.
          
           
             Reproduction of original in Huntington Library.
          
        
      
    
     
       
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           Sermons, English -- 17th century.
        
      
    
     
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           THE
           BISHOP
           OF
           
           CHICHESTER's
           SERMON
           Before
           the
           KING
           ,
           JANVARY
           30.
           1696.
           
        
      
       
         
         
         
           A
           SERMON
           Preach'd
           before
           the
           KING
           At
           WHITEHALL
           ,
           ON
           JANVARY
           30.
           1696.
           
        
         
           BY
           JOHN
           Lord
           Bishop
           of
           CHICHESTER
        
         
           
             Published
             by
             His
             Majesty's
             Special
             Command
             .
          
        
         
           LONDON
           :
           Printed
           for
           
             Ri.
             Chiswell
          
           ,
           and
           
             Tho.
             Cockerill
          
           :
           At
           the
           Rose
           and
           Crown
           in
           St.
           
           Paul's
           Church-Yard
           ;
           and
           at
           the
           Corner
           of
           Warwick-Lane
           in
           Pater-Noster-Row
           .
        
         
           M
           DC
           XC
           VII
           .
        
      
    
     
       
         
         
         
           
             MATTH
             .
             XXIII
             .
             34
             ,
             35
             ,
             36.
             
          
        
         
           
             Behold
             I
             send
             unto
             you
             prophets
             ,
             and
             wise
             men
             ,
             and
             scribes
             ;
             and
             some
             of
             them
             ye
             shall
             kill
             and
             crucify
             ,
             and
             some
             of
             them
             shall
             ye
             scourge
             in
             your
             synagogues
             ,
             and
             persecute
             them
             from
             city
             to
             city
             :
             That
             upon
             you
             may
             come
             all
             the
             righteous
             blood
             shed
             upon
             the
             earth
             ,
             from
             the
             blood
             of
             righteous
             Abel
             ,
             unto
             the
             blood
             of
             Zacharias
             ,
             Son
             of
             Barachias
             ,
             whom
             ye
             slew
             between
             the
             Temple
             and
             the
             Altar
             .
             Verily
             I
             say
             unto
             you
             ;
             All
             these
             things
             shall
             come
             upon
             this
             generation
             .
          
        
         
           IN
           this
           Chapter
           our
           Blessed
           Saviour
           pronounces
           no
           less
           than
           Eight
           dreadful
           Woes
           against
           the
           Scribes
           and
           Pharisees
           for
           their
           gross
           Hypocrisy
           ;
           and
           amongst
           the
           rest
           ,
           for
           the
           pretended
           Reverence
           they
           bore
           to
           the
           Memory
           of
           the
           Ancient
           Prophets
           ,
           whom
           their
           fore-fathers
           wickedly
           Abused
           ,
           Persecuted
           ,
           and
           Killed
           ;
           so
           that
           they
           said
           ,
           
             If
             we
             had
             been
             in
             the
             days
             of
             our
             fathers
             ,
             we
             would
             not
             have
             been
             partakers
             with
             them
             in
             the
             blood
             of
             the
             prophets
             ,
          
           v.
           30.
           
        
         
           But
           our
           Saviour
           shews
           ,
           that
           if
           they
           had
           lived
           in
           those
           Days
           ,
           they
           would
           have
           acted
           in
           the
           
           same
           way
           ;
           since
           the
           same
           temper
           was
           existent
           in
           them
           ,
           as
           had
           been
           heretofore
           in
           their
           Fathers
           .
           So
           v.
           31.
           
           
             Ye
             are
             witnesses
             unto
             your selves
             ,
             that
             ye
             are
             the
             children
             of
             them
             which
             killed
             the
             Prophets
             .
             Fill
             ye
             up
             then
             the
             measure
             of
             your
             Fathers
             ,
          
           for
           that
           ye
           are
           now
           in
           the
           way
           to
           :
           
             Wherefore
             ,
             behold
             I
             send
             unto
             you
             prophets
             ,
          
           &c.
           and
           ye
           will
           do
           unto
           them
           as
           your
           Fathers
           heretofore
           did
           unto
           those
           Prophets
           ,
           whose
           Sepulchres
           ye
           now
           Garnish
           ,
           and
           whose
           Praises
           ye
           Celebrate
           .
           So
           that
           in
           the
           Event
           ,
           upon
           you
           will
           come
           the
           sorest
           Judgments
           ;
           and
           it
           will
           be
           ,
           as
           if
           all
           
             the
             righteous
             blood
             shed
             upon
             the
             earth
             ,
             from
             the
             blood
             of
             righteous
             Abel
             to
             the
             blood
             of
             Zacharias
             ,
          
           &c.
           were
           required
           of
           this
           Generation
           .
        
         
           There
           is
           some
           doubt
           to
           be
           made
           concerning
           the
           Zachariah
           referred
           to
           in
           the
           Text
           ;
           for
           there
           were
           several
           of
           that
           Name
           in
           Scripture
           ,
           as
           also
           in
           Josephus
           the
           Jewish
           Historian
           .
           But
           this
           we
           may
           observe
           ,
           that
           whoever
           he
           was
           ,
           he
           was
           Slain
           before
           the
           time
           that
           our
           Saviour
           here
           so
           sharply
           inveighs
           against
           the
           Jews
           ;
           for
           it
           is
           by
           him
           charged
           upon
           them
           as
           a
           thing
           past
           ,
           
             whom
             ye
             slew
          
           .
           Again
           ,
           it
           was
           a
           story
           well
           known
           to
           that
           People
           ,
           and
           a
           case
           very
           notorious
           ;
           and
           if
           so
           ,
           as
           there
           was
           no
           case
           more
           notorious
           than
           
           that
           of
           Zachariah
           the
           Son
           of
           Jehoiada
           ;
           so
           there
           was
           
           none
           that
           this
           Character
           could
           agree
           to
           ,
           but
           to
           him
           ,
           who
           was
           slain
           
             in
             the
             court
             of
             the
             house
             of
             the
             Lord
          
           ;
           or
           as
           it
           is
           here
           ,
           
             between
             the
             Temple
             and
             the
             Altar
             .
          
        
         
           But
           then
           there
           are
           Two
           or
           Three
           difficulties
           remaining
           ,
           one
           of
           which
           is
           ,
           That
           Zachariah
           ,
           who
           is
           here
           called
           the
           Son
           of
           Barachias
           ,
           is
           in
           the
           Regal
           Story
           said
           to
           be
           the
           Son
           of
           Jehoiada
           .
        
         
           
           In
           answer
           to
           which
           ,
           We
           may
           observe
           from
           Scripture
           ,
           That
           it
           was
           common
           among
           the
           Jews
           (
           as
           among
           many
           other
           Nations
           )
           to
           give
           several
           Names
           to
           the
           same
           Person
           ;
           as
           Solomon
           was
           called
           Lemuel
           and
           Jedidiah
           ;
           and
           especially
           where
           those
           Names
           were
           of
           the
           same
           signification
           ,
           as
           Jehojakim
           and
           Eliakim
           .
           And
           thus
           it
           is
           with
           Jehoiadah
           and
           Barachiah
           .
        
         
           2.
           
           It
           was
           usual
           to
           give
           ,
           or
           to
           have
           Names
           given
           ,
           upon
           some
           Eminent
           Service
           done
           by
           them
           ,
           or
           some
           Eminent
           Blessing
           that
           befel
           them
           .
           So
           Gideon
           had
           the
           Name
           of
           Jerubbaal
           given
           to
           him
           by
           his
           Father
           Joash
           ,
           upon
           his
           breaking
           down
           
           the
           Altar
           of
           Baal
           :
           And
           Jacob
           was
           called
           Israel
           ,
           
           because
           
             as
             a
             prince
             he
             had
             power
             with
             God
             and
             men
             .
          
           Thus
           Zacharias
           is
           here
           called
           the
           Son
           of
           Barachias
           ,
           or
           (
           as
           that
           Name
           signifies
           )
           the
           
             blessed
             of
          
           
           
             the
             Lord
          
           ,
           which
           was
           among
           them
           a
           term
           of
           Honour
           and
           Respect
           .
        
         
         
           And
           a
           Name
           without
           doubt
           ,
           as
           it
           was
           due
           ,
           so
           was
           given
           to
           Jehoiada
           in
           a
           more
           especial
           manner
           ,
           because
           of
           his
           eminent
           Piety
           ,
           and
           of
           his
           Zeal
           in
           advancing
           Joash
           to
           the
           Throne
           ;
           and
           for
           restoring
           the
           Liberties
           and
           Religion
           of
           that
           People
           ,
           after
           they
           had
           both
           been
           invaded
           by
           
           the
           Infamous
           Practices
           of
           the
           Idolatrous
           Athaliah
           .
           He
           may
           for
           this
           reason
           well
           deserve
           the
           Name
           of
           Barachias
           ,
           or
           
             the
             blessed
             of
             the
             Lord.
          
           
        
         
           And
           then
           the
           Aggravation
           of
           the
           Sin
           was
           ,
           That
           this
           Zachariah
           martyr'd
           by
           them
           ,
           was
           the
           Son
           of
           that
           brave
           Jehoiada
           ,
           that
           Patriot
           of
           their
           Countrey
           ;
           and
           whom
           ,
           without
           any
           regard
           to
           his
           Ancestor
           ,
           to
           his
           own
           Quality
           ,
           his
           Message
           ,
           or
           the
           Place
           ,
           they
           furiously
           rushed
           upon
           ,
           and
           
           stoned
           him
           (
           the
           Punishment
           of
           Blasphemers
           )
           in
           the
           Court
           of
           the
           Lord's
           House
           ,
           or
           Court
           of
           the
           Priests
           .
        
         
           A
           Fact
           so
           heinous
           ,
           that
           the
           Jews
           say
           ,
           his
           Blood
           
           continully
           bubbled
           up
           ,
           and
           was
           not
           expiated
           till
           the
           Babylonish
           Captivity
           ,
           which
           was
           about
           Two
           hundred
           and
           fifty
           years
           after
           .
        
         
           But
           if
           it
           was
           at
           this
           distance
           from
           the
           time
           of
           our
           Saviour
           ,
           how
           comes
           this
           Instance
           of
           Zacharias
           to
           be
           the
           last
           ,
           as
           that
           of
           Abel
           was
           the
           first
           ?
        
         
           I
           answer
           ,
           Because
           that
           Blood
           was
           supposed
           to
           lye
           upon
           that
           Nation
           till
           the
           Captivity
           ;
           after
           
           which
           they
           were
           as
           averse
           to
           Idolatry
           ,
           as
           ever
           they
           were
           before
           addicted
           to
           it
           ;
           and
           therefore
           that
           sort
           of
           Persecution
           ended
           with
           it
           .
        
         
           But
           if
           it
           were
           so
           that
           Zacharias
           was
           the
           Son
           of
           that
           Jehoiadah
           ,
           it
           seems
           very
           hard
           and
           unjust
           that
           this
           Blood
           ,
           and
           much
           more
           the
           Blood
           of
           Abel
           ,
           and
           all
           the
           Righteous
           Blood
           shed
           upon
           the
           Earth
           ,
           should
           be
           required
           of
           that
           Generation
           ,
           as
           our
           Saviour
           here
           affirms
           .
        
         
           For
           what
           was
           the
           blood
           of
           Abel
           to
           them
           ,
           who
           was
           Killed
           by
           his
           Brother
           Cain
           ,
           all
           of
           whose
           Posterity
           perished
           in
           the
           Deluge
           ?
           Or
           how
           were
           they
           concerned
           in
           the
           Blood
           of
           such
           Righteous
           Persons
           ,
           as
           were
           slain
           in
           other
           parts
           of
           the
           Earth
           ,
           or
           even
           in
           that
           of
           Zacharias
           ,
           who
           ,
           though
           killed
           by
           their
           Ancestors
           ,
           was
           slain
           above
           Seven
           hundred
           years
           before
           ?
        
         
           I
           grant
           ,
           this
           Blood
           could
           no
           more
           literally
           be
           charged
           upon
           that
           Generation
           ,
           than
           they
           could
           be
           said
           to
           have
           been
           Cotemporaries
           with
           those
           Ages
           of
           Abel
           or
           Zacharias
           :
           But
           it
           is
           here
           thus
           represented
           ,
           partly
           because
           they
           were
           of
           the
           same
           Temper
           ,
           and
           were
           acted
           by
           the
           like
           spirit
           of
           Envy
           and
           Hatred
           ,
           as
           the
           Murtherers
           of
           Abel
           and
           Zacharias
           ,
           &c.
           
           Partly
           it
           was
           as
           to
           Zacharias
           ,
           because
           the
           course
           of
           impiety
           in
           former
           Ages
           was
           carried
           along
           (
           though
           in
           a
           different
           
           way
           )
           even
           to
           that
           Age
           ;
           and
           lastly
           ,
           because
           that
           what
           they
           were
           now
           agitating
           ,
           and
           would
           shortly
           accomplish
           ,
           would
           be
           a
           Crime
           of
           such
           malignity
           ,
           as
           would
           
             fill
             up
             the
             measure
             of
             their
             fathers
          
           ;
           and
           would
           determine
           in
           their
           Ruin
           ,
           ver
           .
           37
           ,
           38.
           
           
             O
             Jerusalem
             !
             &c.
             behold
             your
             house
             is
             left
             unto
             you
             desolate
             .
          
        
         
           And
           it
           is
           as
           if
           he
           had
           said
           :
        
         
           Ye
           think
           your selves
           clear
           of
           your
           Fathers
           Iniquity
           ,
           forasmuch
           as
           ye
           Garnish
           the
           Sepulchres
           of
           those
           Prophets
           whom
           they
           wickedly
           Killed
           ,
           and
           that
           ye
           are
           not
           Idolaters
           and
           Persecutors
           as
           they
           ;
           and
           say
           ,
           
             If
             we
             had
             been
             in
             the
             days
             of
             our
             fathers
             ,
             we
             would
             not
             have
             been
             partakers
             with
             them
             in
             the
             blood
             of
             the
             prophets
          
           ;
           but
           you
           will
           so
           far
           outdo
           them
           ,
           that
           ye
           will
           Kill
           and
           Crucify
           those
           whom
           I
           shall
           send
           ,
           and
           reject
           the
           last
           tender
           of
           Divine
           Mercy
           ,
           and
           thereby
           bring
           upon
           your selves
           ruin
           as
           inexpressible
           ,
           as
           irreversible
           .
           For
           think
           of
           all
           the
           Blood
           of
           Pious
           and
           Just
           Men
           ,
           that
           has
           been
           shed
           through
           all
           Ages
           of
           the
           World
           ;
           think
           of
           that
           of
           Abel
           ,
           and
           of
           Zacharias
           ,
           and
           all
           that
           ye
           can
           think
           of
           ,
           and
           yet
           the
           case
           will
           hold
           no
           comparison
           with
           what
           ye
           will
           do
           ,
           in
           Persecuting
           ,
           Killing
           ,
           and
           Crucifying
           the
           Prophets
           ,
           and
           Wise
           Men
           ,
           that
           shall
           be
           sent
           to
           you
           ,
           and
           also
           Him
           that
           sends
           them
           .
        
         
         
           
           
             And
             if
             the
             Blood
             of
          
           Abel
           cried
           for
           vengeance
           ,
           
             and
             that
             of
          
           Zacharias
           was
           required
           
             of
             your
             Progenitors
             ;
             Then
             what
             will
             not
             fall
             upon
             this
             Generation
             !
             It
             will
             be
          
           such
           as
           was
           not
           from
           
           the
           beginning
           of
           the
           creation
           ;
           
             It
             will
             be
             such
             as
             if
             all
             the
             Blood
             of
             the
             Prophets
             ,
             and
             of
             Righteous
             Men
             from
          
           Abel
           
             downward
             to
             that
             of
          
           Zacharias
           ,
           
           were
           required
           
             of
             you
          
           ;
           Behold
           ,
           I
           send
           unto
           you
           prophets
           ,
           and
           wise
           men
           ,
           &c.
           that
           upon
           you
           may
           come
           all
           the
           righteous
           blood
           shed
           upon
           the
           earth
           ;
           verily
           these
           things
           shall
           come
           upon
           this
           generation
           .
        
         
           In
           Discoursing
           upon
           which
           Argument
           ,
        
         
           I
           shall
           shew
           ;
        
         
           I.
           That
           it
           often
           happens
           to
           the
           Best
           of
           Men
           ,
           to
           be
           Opposed
           ,
           and
           Persecuted
           ,
           and
           Despitefully
           used
           in
           this
           World.
           
        
         
           II.
           That
           this
           is
           consistent
           with
           the
           Providence
           of
           God
           and
           his
           Government
           of
           the
           World.
           
        
         
           III.
           That
           in
           the
           sequel
           God
           doth
           right
           to
           his
           Providence
           ,
           and
           to
           their
           Piety
           and
           Virtue
           by
           extraordinary
           Events
           .
        
         
           I.
           It
           often
           happens
           to
           the
           best
           of
           Men
           to
           be
           Opposed
           and
           Evil-Treated
           .
        
         
           I
           shall
           not
           go
           about
           to
           prove
           that
           which
           is
           matter
           of
           Fact
           ,
           and
           has
           been
           the
           constant
           Observation
           of
           all
           Ages
           more
           or
           less
           .
           We
           need
           not
           go
           farther
           for
           the
           confirmation
           of
           it
           than
           the
           
           Instances
           of
           the
           Text
           ,
           Abel
           and
           Zacharias
           ,
           and
           the
           rest
           of
           the
           Righteous
           Men
           upon
           Record
           :
           Or
           than
           the
           sad
           Instance
           which
           this
           Day
           sets
           before
           us
           ;
           when
           a
           Person
           as
           Eminent
           for
           his
           Piety
           ,
           as
           his
           Character
           and
           Dignity
           ,
           was
           treated
           ,
           as
           if
           he
           had
           been
           the
           Off-scouring
           of
           all
           things
           ,
           and
           was
           ,
           as
           many
           of
           the
           Righteous
           Men
           of
           Old
           ,
           Persecuted
           and
           Slain
           .
        
         
           And
           the
           Causes
           are
           as
           observable
           as
           the
           Fact
           ,
           and
           of
           which
           there
           are
           as
           many
           ,
           as
           there
           are
           Prejudices
           and
           Misunderstandings
           ,
           contrary
           Passions
           and
           Interests
           .
           As
           long
           as
           there
           are
           Ambition
           and
           Pride
           ,
           Envy
           and
           Malice
           ,
           Covetousness
           on
           one
           hand
           ,
           or
           expensive
           Vices
           on
           another
           .
           As
           long
           as
           there
           are
           contrary
           Habits
           ,
           which
           are
           the
           Principles
           that
           rule
           in
           all
           Mankind
           ,
           there
           will
           be
           Enmities
           and
           Oppositions
           ;
           and
           if
           Virtue
           ,
           and
           Religion
           ,
           and
           the
           Best
           of
           Men
           are
           against
           Persons
           in
           these
           Circumstances
           ,
           they
           will
           then
           retaliate
           the
           Injury
           ,
           and
           be
           against
           Virtue
           ,
           and
           Religion
           ,
           and
           the
           best
           of
           Men.
           For
           then
           it
           is
           not
           what
           the
           thing
           is
           in
           it self
           ,
           but
           what
           it
           is
           as
           to
           them
           ;
           and
           it
           often
           is
           not
           because
           it
           is
           Religion
           ,
           or
           Virtue
           ,
           or
           the
           Best
           of
           Men
           ,
           that
           they
           thus
           Despitefully
           use
           them
           ;
           but
           because
           they
           are
           opposite
           to
           their
           Interest
           ,
           or
           their
           Inclination
           ,
           or
           sometimes
           are
           to
           their
           Reproach
           .
           Then
           it
           is
           
           that
           the
           Pharisees
           are
           for
           condemning
           our
           Saviour
           ,
           when
           they
           thought
           that
           
             the
             Romans
             would
          
           
           
             come
             and
             take
             away
             both
             their
             place
             and
             nation
             .
          
        
         
           And
           especially
           is
           this
           of
           the
           more
           fatal
           and
           pernicious
           consequence
           ,
           if
           this
           Spirit
           be
           edged
           on
           by
           a
           false
           and
           mistaken
           Zeal
           ;
           and
           Religion
           is
           pretended
           to
           by
           some
           to
           face
           an
           evil
           design
           ,
           and
           is
           believed
           by
           others
           to
           be
           concerned
           in
           it
           ,
           and
           is
           in
           danger
           to
           suffer
           .
        
         
           For
           then
           this
           doth
           ,
           as
           they
           will
           have
           it
           ,
           justify
           and
           establish
           the
           Contention
           ,
           and
           make
           it
           to
           be
           necessary
           .
           Then
           they
           think
           it
           laudable
           and
           meritorious
           even
           to
           kill
           ,
           when
           ,
           in
           their
           Opinion
           ,
           it
           is
           
             to
             do
             God
          
           
           service
           .
           It
           is
           then
           a
           Cause
           fit
           to
           venture
           their
           own
           life
           in
           ,
           and
           a
           Cause
           that
           will
           oblige
           them
           to
           take
           away
           that
           of
           another
           :
           Nay
           ,
           it
           will
           even
           serve
           to
           break
           through
           the
           Laws
           of
           Nature
           it self
           ,
           and
           will
           have
           them
           to
           put
           those
           to
           Death
           ,
           whom
           Nature
           would
           otherwise
           teach
           to
           Preserve
           ,
           and
           with
           the
           hazard
           of
           their
           own
           Life
           to
           save
           from
           it
           .
           Thus
           it
           was
           foretold
           by
           our
           Saviour
           ,
           
             The
             brother
             shall
             deliver
             up
             the
             brother
             to
          
           
           
             death
             ,
             and
             the
             father
             the
             child
             ,
          
           &c.
           
        
         
           By
           these
           and
           the
           like
           means
           ,
           the
           Best
           of
           Men
           too
           often
           fall
           under
           the
           heavy
           hand
           of
           Violence
           and
           Oppression
           ;
           and
           if
           we
           were
           then
           to
           judge
           of
           them
           by
           the
           usage
           they
           meet
           with
           ,
           they
           must
           
           have
           been
           the
           worst
           of
           Mankind
           .
           A
           case
           which
           hath
           tempted
           some
           to
           question
           ,
           and
           others
           to
           deny
           a
           Providence
           .
        
         
           But
           this
           without
           reason
           ,
           if
           there
           be
           nothing
           in
           these
           Proceedings
           and
           Events
           ,
           but
           what
           is
           consistent
           with
           the
           Divine
           Oversight
           and
           Government
           of
           the
           World.
           
        
         
           II.
           Which
           is
           the
           next
           thing
           to
           be
           Discoursed
           of
           :
        
         
           The
           Providence
           of
           God
           is
           seen
           in
           Preserving
           all
           things
           in
           the
           same
           State
           and
           Order
           as
           at
           the
           first
           establishment
           :
           And
           as
           he
           ordinarily
           leaves
           Natural
           Causes
           ,
           and
           necessary
           Agents
           to
           act
           according
           to
           their
           proper
           Nature
           ,
           and
           to
           keep
           to
           the
           Law
           and
           the
           Season
           ,
           at
           the
           first
           appointed
           and
           prescribed
           ;
           so
           he
           generally
           leaves
           voluntary
           and
           intelligent
           Beings
           to
           follow
           their
           own
           Inclinations
           ,
           and
           to
           Chuse
           ,
           and
           Resolve
           ,
           and
           Act
           as
           they
           shall
           see
           meet
           .
        
         
           And
           if
           it
           happens
           that
           such
           Agents
           proceed
           upon
           wrong
           Principles
           ,
           or
           mistaken
           Measures
           ,
           it
           is
           no
           more
           than
           if
           in
           meer
           Natural
           Causes
           there
           are
           some
           Preternatural
           Accidents
           happen
           ,
           through
           the
           concourse
           of
           different
           parts
           of
           Matter
           together
           .
        
         
           And
           if
           sometimes
           Good
           Men
           are
           left
           to
           their
           own
           Precipitance
           ,
           as
           Josiah
           ,
           when
           he
           was
           not
           
           to
           be
           disswaded
           from
           Attacking
           Pharaoh-Necho
           ;
           
           and
           Wicked
           Men
           are
           left
           to
           their
           own
           Perverseness
           and
           Obstinacy
           ,
           as
           Pharaoh
           ;
           or
           to
           their
           Pride
           ,
           as
           
           the
           Haughty
           Assyrian
           ;
           and
           they
           perish
           in
           it
           :
           This
           in
           the
           Voluntary
           World
           is
           no
           more
           extraordinary
           ,
           than
           when
           there
           is
           Seed-time
           and
           Harvest
           in
           the
           Natural
           World
           ;
           that
           is
           ,
           that
           each
           acts
           according
           to
           the
           Nature
           they
           are
           of
           ,
           and
           the
           Condition
           they
           are
           in
           .
        
         
           And
           it
           is
           no
           imputation
           upon
           Providence
           ,
           if
           in
           this
           way
           Good
           Men
           ,
           or
           the
           Best
           of
           Men
           ,
           fall
           sometimes
           into
           hard
           Circumstances
           ,
           when
           Causes
           are
           left
           to
           their
           own
           tendency
           ,
           and
           are
           (
           as
           it
           were
           )
           in
           their
           own
           Power
           .
           For
           Nature
           is
           but
           Nature
           ;
           and
           to
           keep
           Nature
           in
           its
           course
           ,
           is
           an
           Act
           of
           Providence
           ;
           to
           keep
           Stated
           and
           Permanent
           Beings
           in
           their
           Station
           and
           Order
           ,
           and
           Transient
           in
           a
           continued
           Succession
           ,
           and
           Voluntary
           in
           their
           own
           Power
           and
           Liberty
           ;
           is
           a
           special
           Fruit
           of
           the
           Divine
           Providence
           .
        
         
           But
           I
           confess
           ,
           if
           there
           were
           no
           more
           ,
           and
           that
           Providence
           were
           a
           meer
           Supervisor
           ,
           it
           would
           not
           be
           the
           Providence
           worthy
           of
           so
           Divine
           a
           Power
           ,
           nor
           so
           worthy
           of
           that
           Veneration
           we
           owe
           to
           it
           .
        
         
           There
           is
           therefore
           a
           more
           noble
           part
           of
           it
           behind
           ,
           and
           that
           is
           ,
           That
           though
           God
           generally
           
           keeps
           to
           the
           Laws
           he
           has
           given
           ,
           and
           Preserves
           the
           World
           as
           he
           made
           it
           ;
           yet
           he
           upon
           occasion
           interposes
           ,
           and
           doth
           as
           well
           Govern
           the
           World
           as
           Preserve
           it
           ;
           and
           as
           he
           can
           when
           he
           pleases
           stop
           the
           current
           of
           the
           violent
           Ocean
           for
           a
           Passage
           to
           his
           People
           ,
           and
           make
           the
           stars
           
           
             in
             their
             courses
             to
             fight
          
           against
           their
           Enemies
           ;
           so
           he
           doth
           Govern
           the
           Wills
           and
           Passions
           of
           Men
           ,
           
           and
           turns
           them
           
             as
             the
             rivers
             of
             water
          
           ,
           to
           or
           from
           their
           Purpose
           and
           Design
           ,
           or
           promotes
           or
           hinders
           their
           Design
           from
           Success
           ,
           as
           he
           thinks
           fit
           .
        
         
           And
           if
           it
           be
           asked
           ,
           Why
           he
           doth
           not
           interpose
           in
           cases
           that
           seem
           to
           us
           to
           be
           of
           the
           greatest
           Consequence
           ,
           and
           which
           the
           Welfare
           of
           a
           Nation
           ,
           the
           Safety
           of
           his
           People
           ,
           the
           Good
           of
           his
           Church
           ,
           turn
           upon
           ;
           Why
           ,
           for
           example
           ,
           he
           doth
           not
           prevent
           the
           Sufferings
           and
           Oppressions
           of
           Good
           Men
           ?
        
         
           I
           Answer
           ,
           Because
           it
           is
           for
           a
           greater
           Good
           ,
           sometimes
           to
           themselves
           ,
           sometimes
           to
           the
           Publick
           ,
           by
           making
           them
           an
           Example
           of
           
             Patience
             ,
             Charity
             ,
             and
             Constancy
          
           ;
           sometimes
           for
           the
           Advantage
           of
           the
           Church
           ,
           and
           for
           the
           Propagation
           of
           Religion
           ,
           and
           always
           for
           his
           own
           Honour
           and
           Service
           .
           Need
           we
           a
           greater
           Instance
           of
           this
           than
           the
           Sufferings
           and
           Death
           of
           our
           Blessed
           Saviour
           ,
           with
           which
           seemingly
           ,
           the
           Cause
           seemed
           to
           be
           
           lost
           ;
           
             We
             trusted
             that
             it
             was
             he
             which
             should
             have
             redeemed
          
           
           Israel
           ,
           said
           the
           despairing
           Disciples
           .
        
         
           And
           his
           Enemies
           thought
           they
           had
           prevented
           all
           after-growth
           of
           that
           Doctrine
           he
           Taught
           ,
           when
           they
           had
           Slain
           him
           ,
           and
           made
           sure
           the
           
           Sepulchre
           by
           Sealing
           the
           Stone
           ,
           and
           setting
           a
           Watch.
           But
           his
           Resurrection
           baffled
           all
           their
           endeavours
           ,
           and
           shewed
           how
           consistent
           this
           his
           Crucifixion
           was
           with
           the
           Divine
           Providence
           ,
           proceeding
           from
           the
           Hand
           and
           Counsel
           of
           God.
           
           
        
         
           Thus
           it
           happened
           ,
           in
           a
           lower
           degree
           ,
           with
           the
           Enemies
           of
           our
           Government
           ,
           Church
           ,
           and
           Religion
           ,
           who
           thought
           all
           at
           an
           end
           ,
           when
           they
           had
           cut
           down
           the
           Defender
           of
           it
           .
           But
           we
           know
           what
           the
           Event
           was
           ,
           Confusion
           to
           themselves
           ,
           and
           ,
           in
           process
           of
           time
           ,
           a
           Glorious
           Deliverance
           and
           Restoration
           to
           our
           Ancient
           Government
           ,
           Liberties
           ,
           and
           Established
           Religion
           .
        
         
           And
           if
           God
           hath
           these
           noble
           Ends
           in
           Prospect
           ,
           and
           thus
           brings
           Good
           out
           of
           Evil
           ;
           the
           Objection
           is
           foreclos'd
           ,
           and
           the
           mouth
           of
           all
           Gainsayers
           must
           be
           stopp'd
           .
        
         
           Thus
           it
           ordinarily
           is
           ;
           and
           if
           in
           some
           cases
           this
           be
           not
           so
           evident
           ,
           and
           the
           Judgments
           of
           God
           prove
           a
           
             great
             deep
             ▪
          
           and
           too
           deep
           for
           us
           to
           fathom
           ,
           it
           is
           no
           more
           an
           Objection
           against
           a
           Providence
           ,
           than
           it
           is
           an
           Argument
           that
           a
           Child
           
           is
           not
           a
           Rational
           Creature
           ,
           because
           at
           the
           present
           we
           cannot
           find
           in
           it
           the
           exercise
           of
           a
           Human
           Understanding
           .
        
         
           In
           many
           cases
           there
           is
           Faith
           and
           Expectation
           ,
           and
           the
           farther
           Success
           and
           Events
           of
           things
           ,
           which
           we
           are
           to
           defer
           our
           Judgment
           to
           .
        
         
           It
           is
           sufficient
           God
           doth
           put
           forth
           such
           acts
           of
           a
           Divine
           Power
           in
           some
           special
           Cases
           and
           Instances
           ,
           as
           shall
           enforce
           the
           Perversest
           ,
           the
           most
           
           Inconsiderate
           ,
           and
           the
           most
           Insolent
           of
           Mankind
           ,
           the
           Pharaoh's
           and
           Magicians
           ,
           the
           Adonibezek's
           and
           the
           Nebuchadnezzar's
           ,
           to
           confess
           ,
           
             Verily
             there
             is
             a
             God
             that
             judgeth
             in
             the
             earth
             .
          
        
         
           And
           this
           will
           bring
           us
           nearer
           yet
           to
           the
           Subject
           of
           this
           Day
           ,
           in
           the
           next
           Head
           :
           Which
           is
           ,
        
         
           III.
           That
           God
           doth
           in
           very
           eminent
           Instances
           ,
           Cases
           ,
           and
           Events
           ,
           do
           Right
           to
           his
           Providence
           ,
           and
           to
           the
           Righteous
           Men
           that
           frequently
           Suffer
           and
           meet
           with
           the
           hardest
           Usage
           in
           this
           World.
           
        
         
           I
           shall
           not
           enlarge
           upon
           this
           Argument
           ,
           but
           confine
           my self
           to
           what
           is
           intimated
           in
           the
           Text
           ,
           when
           the
           Punishment
           of
           Antecedent
           Crimes
           is
           transferred
           to
           ,
           and
           falls
           upon
           Successors
           ;
           and
           an
           after-Age
           ,
           or
           Ages
           ,
           suffer
           for
           the
           foregoing
           ,
           whether
           Personal
           ,
           Domestical
           ,
           or
           National
           ;
           this
           is
           intimated
           here
           ,
           
             That
             upon
             you
             may
             come
             all
          
           
           
             the
             righteous
             blood
          
           ,
           &c.
           but
           more
           expresly
           is
           it
           in
           that
           Clause
           ,
           
             whom
             ye
             slew
          
           ;
           which
           the
           Greek
           Particle
           
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
          
           ,
           being
           in
           the
           Singular
           ,
           refers
           immediately
           to
           Zacharias
           ;
           for
           it
           is
           not
           said
           the
           Blood
           of
           Abel
           ,
           and
           of
           all
           other
           Righteous
           Men
           throughout
           the
           World
           ,
           
             which
             they
             shed
          
           ,
           as
           it
           is
           of
           
             Zacharias
             whom
             ye
             slew
          
           .
           Which
           shews
           ,
           that
           it
           is
           in
           another
           relation
           that
           they
           stood
           in
           to
           Zacharias
           than
           they
           did
           to
           Abel
           ;
           and
           that
           was
           ,
           because
           Zacharias
           was
           slain
           by
           their
           Fathers
           ,
           and
           which
           they
           owned
           to
           have
           for
           some
           Ages
           been
           imputed
           to
           their
           Nation
           before
           the
           Captivity
           (
           as
           has
           been
           beforesaid
           )
           .
        
         
           The
           imputation
           of
           one
           Man's
           ,
           or
           one
           Age's
           Sin
           ,
           in
           the
           Punishment
           of
           it
           to
           another
           ;
           and
           that
           Princes
           have
           suffered
           for
           the
           People
           *
           ,
           and
           People
           for
           their
           Princes
           †
           ,
           and
           Children
           for
           their
           Fathers
           ,
           and
           an
           after-Generation
           for
           a
           fore-going
           ,
           has
           been
           owned
           by
           all
           ;
           the
           Heathens
           are
           full
           of
           it
           ,
           and
           the
           Scriptures
           often
           appeal
           to
           it
           ;
           and
           
           therefore
           this
           was
           a
           part
           of
           their
           solemn
           Confessions
           ;
           and
           their
           Fathers
           Iniquity
           ,
           as
           well
           as
           their
           own
           ,
           was
           either
           Confessed
           ,
           or
           Disclaimed
           .
        
         
           But
           it
           concerns
           us
           to
           look
           somewhat
           further
           into
           this
           Argument
           ,
           for
           the
           use
           it
           may
           be
           of
           .
           And
           in
           Discoursing
           upon
           it
           ,
        
         
         
           In
           prosecution
           of
           which
           I
           shall
           consider
           ,
        
         
           1.
           
           What
           those
           Sins
           are
           ,
           whose
           Punishment
           above
           others
           is
           thus
           transferr'd
           .
        
         
           2.
           
           The
           case
           of
           Persons
           ,
           or
           Nations
           ,
           with
           respect
           to
           those
           Sins
           .
        
         
           3.
           
           What
           is
           to
           be
           done
           by
           way
           of
           relief
           and
           remedy
           .
        
         
           As
           to
           the
           former
           ,
           there
           are
           Two
           sorts
           of
           Sins
           ,
           Personal
           and
           Relative
           ;
           Personal
           are
           such
           as
           in
           their
           Effects
           pass
           no
           farther
           than
           the
           Person
           ,
           and
           respect
           not
           others
           ,
           when
           all
           the
           hurt
           is
           as
           to
           himself
           ,
           bating
           only
           what
           it
           may
           be
           in
           the
           Example
           ;
           
           and
           then
           where
           the
           Sin
           rests
           ,
           there
           rests
           the
           Punishment
           ;
           and
           
             the
             soul
             that
             sinneth
             ,
             it
             shall
             dye
             ;
             the
             Son
             shall
             not
             bear
             the
             iniquity
             of
             the
             father
             ,
             —
             and
             the
             wickedness
             of
             the
             wicked
             shall
             be
             upon
             himself
          
           alone
           ;
           as
           it
           is
           said
           in
           the
           Prophet
           .
        
         
           But
           now
           where
           the
           Sins
           are
           Relative
           ,
           and
           respect
           others
           ,
           and
           which
           they
           are
           damnified
           by
           ,
           then
           the
           Punishment
           is
           farther
           dilated
           and
           extended
           ,
           and
           so
           it
           falls
           upon
           the
           Person
           and
           the
           Posterity
           ,
           as
           God
           the
           Supreme
           Lawgiver
           doth
           direct
           .
        
         
           I
           acknowledge
           that
           there
           is
           one
           Sin
           ,
           viz.
           That
           of
           Idolatry
           ,
           to
           which
           a
           Threatning
           of
           this
           kind
           is
           annexed
           ,
           as
           we
           find
           it
           in
           the
           Second
           Commandment
           ;
           though
           it
           doth
           not
           immediately
           affect
           others
           ;
           but
           being
           it
           so
           directly
           struck
           at
           the
           foundation
           of
           all
           Religion
           ,
           and
           more
           especially
           
           that
           of
           the
           Jews
           (
           whose
           Constitution
           was
           a
           Theocracy
           ,
           immediately
           under
           God
           )
           there
           was
           this
           terrible
           Sanction
           added
           to
           it
           ,
           to
           make
           Persons
           the
           more
           cautious
           of
           Offending
           .
           But
           otherwise
           the
           Sins
           so
           Threatned
           ,
           and
           for
           which
           Persons
           in
           Succession
           were
           Punished
           ,
           were
           the
           Sins
           that
           the
           Interests
           of
           others
           ,
           or
           the
           Publick
           ,
           were
           concerned
           in
           and
           damnified
           by
           (
           as
           has
           been
           said
           )
           ▪
           The
           reason
           of
           which
           seems
           to
           be
           ,
           Because
           as
           to
           Personal
           Vices
           ,
           the
           Offenders
           shall
           answer
           for
           them
           in
           another
           World
           ;
           where
           every
           Man
           shall
           bear
           his
           own
           Burthen
           ,
           and
           give
           an
           Account
           of
           himself
           to
           God.
           But
           those
           Sins
           which
           respect
           others
           ,
           and
           which
           the
           Welfare
           and
           Peace
           of
           Societies
           are
           Prejudiced
           by
           ,
           they
           (
           besides
           the
           Punishments
           in
           reserve
           in
           the
           next
           Life
           )
           shall
           here
           be
           Punished
           for
           :
           And
           that
           they
           may
           be
           deterred
           from
           such
           Practices
           ,
           the
           Threatning
           involves
           their
           Posterity
           with
           them
           ;
           than
           which
           nothing
           ,
           generally
           ,
           more
           awes
           Mankind
           .
           And
           especially
           is
           this
           more
           to
           be
           observed
           in
           those
           cases
           ,
           which
           the
           Laws
           of
           Men
           cannot
           ,
           or
           do
           not
           ,
           reach
           ,
           or
           the
           Executive
           Power
           in
           a
           Government
           is
           too
           Weak
           to
           Punish
           .
        
         
           I
           shall
           give
           an
           Instance
           or
           two
           of
           this
           kind
           ,
           omitting
           others
           ,
           viz.
           
        
         
           1.
           
           Notorious
           Injustice
           ;
           the
           Oppressing
           of
           
           others
           that
           are
           not
           able
           to
           Help
           ,
           or
           Right
           themselves
           .
        
         
           In
           this
           case
           the
           Providence
           of
           God
           doth
           often
           (
           I
           dare
           not
           say
           ,
           always
           )
           concern
           it self
           :
           So
           that
           if
           Restitution
           be
           not
           made
           ,
           either
           the
           Person
           himself
           shall
           see
           it
           moulder
           away
           before
           his
           
           Eyes
           ,
           or
           is
           snatched
           away
           from
           it
           ,
           as
           the
           Fool
           in
           the
           Gospel
           ,
           with
           a
           ,
           
             This
             Night
          
           ,
           —
           and
           then
           
             whose
             shall
             all
             these
             things
             be
             which
             thou
             hast
             provided
             ?
          
           Or
           suppose
           the
           Estate
           thus
           acquired
           be
           turned
           over
           entire
           to
           his
           Heir
           ,
           some
           secret
           Worm
           goes
           along
           with
           it
           ,
           that
           like
           
           Jonah's
           Gourd
           it
           withers
           away
           ,
           and
           he
           is
           exposed
           to
           all
           the
           Miseries
           of
           an
           indigent
           Life
           ;
           and
           ends
           ,
           perhaps
           ,
           where
           the
           Father
           began
           .
        
         
           The
           Observation
           is
           not
           new
           ,
           nor
           rare
           ;
           it
           was
           Proverbial
           among
           the
           Heathens
           ,
           as
           is
           well
           known
           ,
           
             De
             male
             quaesitis
             vix
             gaudet
             tertius
             haeres
          
           ;
           and
           no
           Nation
           but
           can
           answer
           it
           in
           their
           own
           Language
           .
        
         
           2.
           
           Another
           Instance
           is
           that
           of
           Blooddsheding
           ,
           or
           Murther
           .
           The
           Life
           of
           Man
           is
           easily
           taken
           away
           ,
           and
           what
           any
           desperate
           Person
           may
           Command
           ;
           and
           therefore
           when
           nothing
           is
           more
           Valuable
           ,
           or
           that
           the
           World
           in
           Succession
           more
           depends
           upon
           ,
           Almighty
           God
           by
           a
           special
           and
           early
           Law
           took
           care
           for
           the
           security
           of
           it
           .
           
           Gen.
           9.
           6.
           
           
             Whoso
             sheddeth
             man's
             blood
             ,
             by
             man
             shall
             his
             blood
             be
             shed
             .
          
           For
           which
           no
           satisfaction
           was
           to
           be
           allowed
           ,
           and
           nothing
           less
           than
           Blood
           was
           estimated
           as
           an
           equivalent
           for
           it
           ,
           where
           it
           was
           discovered
           ;
           and
           where
           it
           was
           not
           ,
           it
           was
           to
           lie
           upon
           the
           Place
           ,
           till
           it
           was
           some
           way
           or
           other
           Expiated
           ,
           and
           as
           far
           as
           could
           be
           ,
           there
           was
           an
           Atonement
           made
           .
           This
           was
           the
           case
           of
           unknown
           Homicide
           under
           the
           Law
           ,
           when
           
           the
           Elders
           of
           the
           City
           ,
           next
           to
           the
           Slain
           ,
           were
           required
           to
           wash
           their
           Hands
           over
           the
           Heifer
           ,
           and
           to
           say
           ,
           
             Our
             hands
             have
             not
             shed
             this
             blood
             ,
             neither
             have
             our
             eyes
             seen
             it
             ;
             be
             merciful
             ,
             O
             Lord
             ,
             unto
             thy
             people
             Israel
             ,
             and
             lay
             not
             innocent
             blood
             unto
             thy
             people's
             charge
             ,
             and
             that
             blood
             shall
             be
             forgiven
             them
             .
             So
             shalt
             thou
             put
             away
             the
             guilt
             of
             innocent
             blood
             from
             among
             you
             ,
          
           Deut.
           21.
           3.
           
           For
           Blood
           was
           said
           to
           Defile
           the
           Land
           ,
           Numb
           .
           35.
           35.
           
        
         
           From
           hence
           it
           appears
           that
           innocent
           Blood
           was
           reputed
           to
           lie
           upon
           the
           Land
           till
           an
           Expiation
           was
           made
           .
           The
           proper
           Expiation
           was
           the
           Blood
           of
           the
           Guilty
           himself
           ,
           where-ever
           he
           was
           to
           be
           found
           ;
           and
           in
           that
           case
           there
           was
           no
           Commutation
           ,
           no
           Substitution
           ,
           no
           Sacrifice
           allowed
           ,
           but
           Life
           was
           to
           go
           for
           Life
           ,
           according
           to
           the
           Law
           ,
           Numb
           .
           35.
           30
           ,
           31.
           
           
             Whoso
             killeth
             any
             person
             ,
             the
             murtherer
             shall
             be
             put
             to
             death
             ,
          
           —
           
           
             Ye
             shall
             take
             no
             satisfaction
             for
             the
             life
             of
             a
             murtherer
             who
             is
             guilty
             of
             death
             ,
             but
             he
             shall
             be
             surely
             put
             to
             Death
             .
          
           If
           he
           was
           not
           discovered
           ,
           then
           the
           course
           before
           spoken
           of
           ,
           in
           killing
           the
           Heifer
           ,
           and
           using
           the
           Rites
           prescribed
           on
           that
           occasion
           ,
           was
           to
           be
           taken
           :
           And
           in
           either
           of
           those
           cases
           ,
           the
           Guilt
           went
           no
           farther
           .
           It
           was
           not
           then
           imputed
           to
           the
           Nation
           ,
           it
           lay
           wholly
           on
           him
           that
           committed
           the
           Fact
           ;
           and
           who
           in
           the
           secret
           Providence
           of
           God
           was
           to
           Answer
           for
           it
           .
        
         
           But
           if
           it
           were
           discovered
           ,
           and
           the
           Murtherer
           was
           suffered
           to
           escape
           without
           that
           condign
           and
           personal
           Punishment
           required
           ;
           then
           besides
           what
           he
           himself
           should
           account
           for
           to
           God
           ,
           the
           Supreme
           Judge
           ,
           the
           Charge
           fell
           upon
           the
           Place
           or
           the
           People
           ,
           and
           they
           were
           to
           Answer
           to
           God
           for
           it
           .
        
         
           And
           this
           translation
           of
           the
           Guilt
           is
           so
           much
           the
           more
           Observable
           ,
           as
           the
           Fact
           is
           Aggravated
           by
           the
           Quality
           of
           the
           Person
           Suffering
           ,
           and
           thus
           Used
           ;
           or
           by
           the
           Relation
           the
           Person
           or
           Persons
           Offending
           are
           in
           .
           It
           was
           so
           here
           ,
           when
           they
           were
           Righteous
           Men
           ,
           and
           Prophets
           that
           were
           Slain
           ,
           as
           Abel
           and
           Zacharias
           :
           And
           when
           it
           was
           a
           National
           Act
           ,
           as
           was
           the
           Killing
           of
           Zacharias
           ,
           in
           which
           Fact
           there
           was
           a
           concurrence
           of
           all
           Qualities
           and
           Degrees
           ,
           as
           you
           may
           see
           it
           ,
           2
           Chron.
           24.
           17
           ,
           21.
           
        
         
         
           And
           this
           was
           above
           all
           manifest
           in
           the
           Case
           here
           tacitly
           referr'd
           to
           ,
           which
           is
           the
           Crucifixion
           of
           our
           Saviour
           ;
           and
           which
           that
           infatuated
           People
           fixed
           the
           Guilt
           of
           upon
           themselves
           by
           an
           indelible
           Imprecation
           ,
           when
           they
           cried
           out
           ,
           
             His
             blood
             be
             on
             us
             and
             our
             children
             ,
          
           Matth.
           27.
           25.
           
        
         
           And
           there
           is
           somewhat
           like
           this
           ,
           in
           the
           Fact
           which
           gave
           the
           sad
           Occasion
           to
           this
           Day
           's
           Assembly
           ;
           it
           was
           Heinous
           in
           it self
           ,
           Aggravated
           by
           the
           Quality
           of
           the
           Person
           ,
           and
           too
           great
           a
           Concurrence
           in
           the
           Guilt
           of
           it
           ,
           though
           not
           so
           great
           as
           to
           make
           it
           Universal
           ,
           or
           a
           National
           Crime
           .
           God
           forbid
           it
           should
           ever
           be
           so
           in
           the
           Effects
           of
           it
           .
        
         
           2.
           
           But
           this
           leads
           me
           to
           consider
           the
           Case
           ;
           and
           that
           is
           Twofold
           .
        
         
           (
           1.
           )
           Of
           those
           that
           are
           in
           the
           same
           State
           with
           their
           Ancestors
           ,
           and
           are
           either
           Guilty
           of
           the
           same
           Facts
           ,
           or
           are
           of
           the
           same
           Temper
           with
           them
           .
           As
           is
           the
           case
           of
           the
           Jews
           represented
           by
           our
           Saviour
           ,
           who
           though
           not
           Idolaters
           as
           their
           Forefathers
           before
           the
           Captivity
           ,
           were
           yet
           of
           the
           same
           rancorous
           temper
           ;
           and
           would
           in
           Fact
           be
           Guilty
           of
           the
           same
           Persecution
           of
           Righteous
           Men
           as
           they
           ;
           and
           so
           they
           might
           well
           be
           called
           their
           Children
           ,
           whose
           measure
           they
           were
           hastening
           to
           fill
           up
           .
           This
           is
           a
           Case
           all
           must
           acknowledge
           ,
           and
           is
           agreeable
           to
           the
           common
           Sense
           of
           Mankind
           .
        
         
         
           (
           2.
           )
           There
           is
           the
           case
           of
           those
           ,
           that
           though
           Descendants
           from
           such
           as
           have
           been
           Guilty
           of
           great
           Crimes
           ,
           yet
           are
           not
           involved
           in
           them
           ;
           and
           so
           in
           reason
           may
           be
           thought
           not
           obnoxious
           to
           any
           Punishment
           for
           their
           sakes
           ,
           or
           for
           the
           sake
           of
           what
           has
           been
           done
           by
           Progenitors
           .
           And
           the
           case
           is
           resolved
           in
           favour
           to
           such
           ,
           Ezek.
           18.
           4
           ,
           20.
           
           
             The
             soul
             that
             sinneth
             shall
             die
             ,
             the
             son
             shall
             not
             bear
             the
             iniquity
             of
             the
             father
             ,
          
           &c.
           according
           to
           the
           ancient
           Law
           given
           to
           that
           People
           ,
           Deut.
           24.
           16.
           
           
             The
             fathers
             shall
             not
             be
             put
             to
             death
             for
             their
             children
             ,
             neither
             shall
             the
             children
             be
             put
             to
             death
             for
             their
             fathers
             :
             every
             man
             shall
             be
             put
             to
             death
             for
             his
             own
             sin
             .
          
        
         
           But
           here
           we
           are
           to
           Observe
           ,
           That
           the
           stress
           lies
           upon
           that
           ,
           That
           
             the
             son
             shall
             not
             be
             put
             to
             death
          
           
           
             for
             the
             father
          
           ;
           this
           was
           a
           standing
           Law
           they
           were
           to
           keep
           to
           ,
           and
           which
           none
           but
           Almighty
           God
           ,
           the
           Great
           Lawgiver
           ,
           could
           reverse
           ,
           as
           he
           did
           ,
           only
           in
           some
           special
           cases
           ,
           such
           as
           that
           of
           Dathan
           and
           Achan
           ,
           Numb
           .
           16.
           32.
           
           Josh
           .
           7.
           24.
           
        
         
           But
           it
           is
           not
           to
           be
           denied
           ,
           that
           notwithstanding
           this
           ,
           there
           are
           Cases
           in
           which
           the
           Innocent
           may
           suffer
           for
           the
           Nocent
           ;
           Innocent
           Posterity
           ,
           I
           mean
           ,
           for
           their
           Nocent
           Ancestors
           ,
           as
           has
           been
           beforeshewed
           .
           I
           acknowledge
           it
           is
           a
           difficult
           matter
           to
           state
           this
           Case
           ,
           as
           to
           all
           the
           Circumstances
           and
           Measures
           of
           it
           .
           There
           is
           no
           constant
           
           Rule
           that
           the
           Providence
           of
           God
           inviolably
           keeps
           to
           in
           the
           Government
           of
           the
           World
           ;
           and
           whatever
           Judgment
           we
           may
           be
           liable
           to
           make
           as
           to
           some
           Events
           ,
           and
           in
           which
           the
           Power
           and
           Justice
           of
           God
           is
           conspicuous
           to
           all
           ;
           and
           however
           in
           some
           cases
           he
           may
           generally
           so
           proceed
           ,
           as
           that
           we
           may
           raise
           Maxims
           from
           thence
           ;
           yet
           being
           it
           is
           not
           universally
           so
           ,
           we
           are
           not
           to
           apply
           them
           without
           great
           Caution
           ,
           nor
           can
           we
           particularly
           apply
           them
           without
           danger
           of
           mistake
           :
           Our
           Saviour
           has
           taught
           us
           not
           to
           Judge
           rashly
           ;
           in
           answer
           to
           that
           Question
           put
           to
           him
           by
           his
           Disciples
           ,
           Who
           
           
             did
             sin
             ,
             this
             man
             ,
             or
             his
             parents
             ,
             that
             he
             was
             born
             blind
             ?
          
        
         
           That
           God
           may
           Punish
           one
           Generation
           for
           the
           Faults
           of
           another
           ,
           is
           not
           inconsistent
           with
           his
           Justice
           ;
           and
           that
           he
           doth
           so
           ,
           is
           no
           uncommon
           Observation
           :
           But
           this
           is
           not
           always
           visible
           ;
           it
           sometimes
           ,
           for
           ought
           appears
           to
           us
           ,
           doth
           not
           proceed
           to
           such
           severity
           in
           the
           Instances
           belonging
           to
           this
           Argument
           .
        
         
           What
           becomes
           us
           to
           Observe
           from
           hence
           ,
           is
           to
           lay
           restraints
           upon
           our selves
           from
           such
           a
           consideration
           ,
           That
           as
           we
           would
           not
           leave
           a
           Curse
           behind
           us
           upon
           our
           Posterity
           ,
           so
           we
           should
           be
           Just
           and
           Faithful
           in
           all
           our
           Concernments
           .
        
         
           And
           again
           ,
           That
           we
           should
           prevent
           any
           such
           Curse
           from
           falling
           upon
           our selves
           ,
           that
           we
           
           may
           be
           liable
           to
           from
           our
           Fore-fathers
           ;
           especially
           where
           there
           is
           a
           manifest
           reason
           for
           a
           just
           suspicion
           at
           least
           .
           Which
           brings
           to
        
         
           3.
           
           To
           consider
           what
           is
           to
           be
           done
           by
           way
           of
           relief
           and
           remedy
           ,
           where
           this
           is
           the
           case
           known
           ,
           or
           vehemently
           suspected
           to
           be
           .
           If
           the
           case
           be
           altogether
           secret
           or
           unknown
           ,
           no
           Person
           is
           therein
           concerned
           ,
           more
           than
           he
           is
           in
           such
           as
           are
           simply
           Sins
           of
           Ignorance
           ;
           in
           which
           a
           general
           Confession
           and
           Repentance
           is
           sufficient
           .
           But
           in
           a
           case
           known
           ,
           or
           much
           suspected
           ,
           other
           measures
           are
           to
           be
           taken
           .
        
         
           And
           the
           first
           thing
           here
           to
           be
           proposed
           ,
           is
           ,
           That
           Posterity
           be
           very
           careful
           to
           avoid
           those
           Sins
           ,
           which
           they
           know
           ,
           or
           may
           conceive
           ,
           their
           Progenitors
           to
           have
           been
           guilty
           of
           ;
           because
           else
           they
           may
           be
           accountable
           ,
           not
           only
           for
           those
           Sins
           which
           are
           properly
           theirs
           ,
           but
           for
           those
           of
           others
           so
           far
           as
           that
           Guilt
           loses
           not
           by
           a
           progression
           ,
           
           but
           every
           Age
           Contributes
           their
           share
           ;
           till
           (
           as
           it
           was
           with
           the
           Amorites
           )
           their
           iniquity
           be
           full
           ,
           and
           they
           become
           ripe
           for
           excision
           and
           destruction
           (
           as
           has
           been
           before
           said
           )
           .
        
         
           And
           the
           next
           thing
           is
           ,
           that
           they
           shew
           their
           aversion
           to
           them
           by
           some
           particular
           and
           special
           marks
           and
           significations
           of
           it
           .
           I
           acknowledge
           that
           there
           are
           some
           cases
           so
           extreme
           ,
           that
           such
           a
           remedy
           may
           come
           too
           late
           ;
           and
           there
           are
           some
           
           reasons
           why
           Almighty
           God
           will
           not
           altogether
           pass
           by
           the
           tokens
           of
           a
           high
           displeasure
           .
           So
           it
           was
           with
           David
           ,
           though
           a
           true
           Penitent
           .
           And
           
           so
           it
           was
           with
           the
           Israelites
           ,
           whom
           neither
           the
           Religion
           and
           Conduct
           of
           an
           Excellent
           Prince
           ,
           
           Josiah
           ;
           nor
           even
           the
           Intercession
           of
           such
           Pious
           Persons
           
           as
           
             Noah
             ,
             Job
          
           ,
           and
           Moses
           ,
           &c.
           could
           have
           saved
           .
        
         
           But
           let
           the
           case
           be
           what
           it
           will
           ,
           as
           we
           know
           not
           how
           far
           the
           Mercy
           of
           God
           may
           extend
           ,
           and
           
           
             who
             can
             tell
             if
             God
             will
             turn
             and
             repent
             ,
          
           as
           the
           Ninevites
           rightly
           argued
           ;
           so
           if
           it
           be
           otherwise
           determined
           ,
           that
           God
           will
           not
           spare
           nor
           forgive
           as
           to
           Temporal
           Punishment
           ;
           yet
           such
           Persons
           ,
           and
           such
           a
           People
           ,
           have
           done
           all
           that
           is
           possible
           for
           them
           to
           do
           ,
           and
           must
           submit
           the
           whole
           to
           the
           secret
           Judgment
           of
           God.
           
        
         
           From
           the
           whole
           we
           may
           be
           able
           to
           judge
           of
           the
           Case
           before
           us
           this
           day
           .
           The
           Crime
           was
           indeed
           Publick
           and
           Notorious
           ,
           but
           I
           am
           not
           willing
           to
           call
           it
           National
           ;
           for
           a
           National
           Act
           implies
           a
           National
           Consent
           ,
           and
           a
           National
           Consent
           is
           by
           a
           Universal
           Voice
           of
           the
           Community
           of
           all
           degrees
           ,
           or
           by
           their
           proper
           Representatives
           .
           But
           the
           Contrivers
           and
           Executors
           of
           this
           Bloody
           Design
           ,
           were
           far
           from
           being
           in
           such
           a
           Capacity
           ,
           being
           no
           more
           truly
           the
           Representatives
           of
           the
           People
           ,
           than
           Pyrates
           
           and
           Robbers
           ,
           that
           for
           a
           season
           obtain
           so
           strong
           a
           Force
           as
           is
           not
           to
           be
           opposed
           .
        
         
           All
           that
           can
           be
           said
           is
           ,
           That
           too
           great
           a
           part
           of
           the
           Nation
           might
           have
           been
           guilty
           of
           such
           things
           as
           gradually
           and
           insensibly
           led
           to
           it
           ,
           and
           contrary
           to
           whatever
           they
           fore-thought
           ,
           ended
           in
           it
           ;
           or
           at
           least
           our
           other
           
             crying
             sins
          
           (
           as
           the
           Office
           for
           the
           Day
           signifies
           )
           might
           have
           provoked
           Almighty
           God
           to
           suffer
           it
           so
           to
           be
           .
        
         
           This
           may
           render
           it
           a
           suspected
           case
           ,
           and
           what
           may
           be
           a
           reason
           sufficient
           for
           a
           National
           Humiliation
           ;
           as
           it
           was
           of
           
           Job's
           Sacrifice
           ,
           
             it
             may
          
           
           be
           ,
           saith
           he
           ,
           
             that
             my
             sons
             have
             sinned
          
           ,
           in
           their
           Festival
           Entertainments
           .
        
         
           And
           accordingly
           we
           have
           the
           proper
           course
           taken
           by
           the
           Nation
           and
           their
           Representatives
           (
           as
           soon
           as
           it
           was
           in
           its
           own
           power
           )
           to
           prevent
           any
           further
           Punishment
           ,
           and
           that
           was
           to
           disclaim
           it
           before
           God
           and
           Men
           ,
           and
           to
           shew
           their
           Resentment
           of
           it
           by
           the
           most
           publick
           Declaration
           ,
           and
           their
           Establishing
           an
           Anniversary
           Day
           of
           Fasting
           and
           Humiliation
           ,
           that
           whatever
           Guilt
           might
           lie
           upon
           the
           Nation
           ,
           by
           that
           means
           ,
           might
           be
           averted
           .
        
         
           And
           we
           have
           good
           reason
           to
           hope
           this
           course
           has
           not
           failed
           of
           success
           ,
           and
           that
           God
           has
           had
           ,
           and
           will
           have
           a
           Favour
           for
           us
           ,
           and
           be
           Merciful
           to
           
           us
           ,
           by
           the
           many
           Testimonies
           he
           has
           given
           us
           of
           it
           in
           our
           frequent
           Deliverance
           ,
           in
           a
           wonderful
           manner
           ,
           from
           those
           Dangers
           which
           threatned
           us
           ,
           and
           we
           were
           encompassed
           with
           ,
           wherein
           he
           has
           done
           right
           to
           his
           Providence
           ,
           and
           shewed
           that
           there
           is
           nothing
           too
           hard
           for
           him
           to
           do
           .
        
         
           What
           remains
           ,
           but
           that
           this
           should
           be
           a
           warning
           to
           all
           ,
           that
           they
           be
           cautious
           how
           far
           they
           engage
           in
           any
           Design
           against
           the
           Publick
           Peace
           and
           Welfare
           of
           a
           Nation
           ;
           that
           they
           press
           not
           too
           near
           upon
           the
           fences
           of
           Government
           ,
           lest
           by
           some
           violent
           motion
           they
           be
           transported
           beyond
           the
           conduct
           of
           their
           own
           Reason
           and
           Duty
           .
           For
           as
           no
           Man
           is
           safe
           in
           his
           own
           custody
           without
           the
           Divine
           Aid
           ;
           so
           neither
           is
           he
           in
           his
           own
           custody
           if
           he
           is
           not
           watchful
           over
           himself
           .
           And
           when
           he
           is
           neither
           in
           his
           own
           keeping
           ,
           nor
           in
           that
           of
           Divine
           Providence
           (
           as
           He
           is
           not
           that
           ventures
           beyond
           the
           bounds
           of
           his
           Duty
           )
           who
           can
           tell
           how
           far
           he
           will
           go
           ,
           or
           what
           the
           event
           may
           be
           ?
        
         
           But
           however
           ,
           let
           Men
           be
           as
           bad
           as
           they
           will
           ,
           and
           want
           neither
           boldness
           to
           undertake
           a
           bad
           Design
           ,
           even
           that
           of
           Assassinating
           Princes
           ,
           nor
           others
           to
           instigate
           them
           ;
           let
           Princes
           be
           fearless
           of
           Danger
           (
           as
           David
           was
           ,
           2
           Sam.
           21.
           16.
           
           )
           and
           be
           never
           so
           liable
           to
           it
           ;
           yet
           
             He
             that
             is
             higher
          
           
           
           
             than
             the
             highest
             regardeth
             ,
             and
             there
             be
             higher
             than
             they
             ,
          
           that
           will
           Protect
           them
           .
           It
           is
           that
           Divine
           Providence
           ,
           that
           not
           only
           sits
           at
           the
           Helm
           ,
           and
           steers
           all
           Publick
           Counsels
           and
           Affairs
           ,
           but
           also
           watcheth
           over
           the
           Persons
           and
           Lives
           of
           the
           greatest
           Monarchs
           (
           who
           stand
           in
           as
           much
           need
           of
           such
           an
           Invisible
           Guard
           ,
           as
           we
           of
           their
           Protection
           )
           .
        
         
           And
           what
           therefore
           ,
           as
           it
           becomes
           the
           greatest
           to
           Acknowledge
           ,
           and
           to
           Implore
           the
           Protection
           of
           for
           themselves
           ,
           so
           what
           it
           becomes
           all
           that
           are
           Lovers
           of
           their
           Prince
           ,
           their
           Country
           ,
           and
           their
           own
           Interest
           to
           join
           in
           ,
           according
           to
           the
           Apostle's
           direction
           ,
           
             I
             exhort
             ,
             that
             first
             of
             all
          
           (
           in
           a
           more
           especial
           manner
           )
           
             supplications
             ,
             prayers
             ,
             intercessions
             ,
             and
             giving
             thanks
             ,
             be
             made
             for
             all
             men
             :
             for
             kings
             ,
             and
             all
             that
             are
             in
             authority
             ;
             that
             we
             may
             lead
             ,
             &c.
             
             For
             this
             is
             good
             and
             acceptable
             in
             the
             sight
             of
             God
             ,
          
           1
           Tim.
           2.
           1.
           
        
         
           FINIS
           .
        
      
    
     
       
         Notes, typically marginal, from the original text
         
           Notes for div A66422-e220
           
             2
             Chron.
             24.
             20.
             
          
           
             2
             Sam.
             12.
             21.
             
             Prov.
             31.
             1.
             2
             
             Kings
             23.
             34.
             2
             
             Chron.
             36.
             4.
             
             Vid.
             Joseph
             .
             Ant.
             l.
             2.
             c.
             12.
             
          
           
             Jud.
             6.
             32.
             
          
           
             Gen.
             32.
             28.
             
          
           
             Gen.
             24.
             31.
             26
             
             ▪
             29
             ▪
             
          
           
             2
             Chron.
             23.
             
          
           
             Levit.
             24.
             16.
             
          
           
             V.
             Lightfoot
             .
             Vol.
             2.
             
             Talmud
             .
             Exercitat
             .
          
           
             Gen.
             4.
             10.
             
          
           
             Matth.
             13.
             19.
             
          
           
             Luke
             11
             ▪
             50.
             
          
           
             John
             11.
             48.
             
          
           
             John
             16.
             2.
             
          
           
             Matth.
             10.
             21.
             
          
           
             2
             Chron.
             25.
             20.
             
          
           
             Isa
             .
             10.
             
          
           
             Judg.
             5.
             20.
             
          
           
             Prov.
             21.
             1.
             
          
           
             Luke
             24.
             21.
             
          
           
             Matth.
             27.
             65.
             
          
           
             Acts
             4.
             28.
             
          
           
             Exod.
             9.
             27.
             8.
             19.
             
             Judg.
             1.
             7.
             
             Dan.
             4.
             37.
             
             Psal
             .
             58.
             
             〈◊〉
             ▪
             
          
           
             *
             Prov.
             28.
             2.
             
          
           
             †
             2
             Sam.
             21.
             1.
             
          
           
             Levit.
             26.
             4.
             
             Dan
             9.
             16.
             
          
           
             Ezek.
             18.
             20.
             
          
           
             Luke
             12.
             20.
             
          
           
             Numb
             35.
             31.
             
          
           
             2
             Kings
             14.
             6.
             
          
           
             John
             9.
             2.
             
          
           
             Gen.
             15.
             16.
             
             Rev.
             14.
             15.
             
          
           
             2
             Sam.
             12
             ▪
             10
             ,
             14.
             
          
           
             2
             Kings
             23.
             25.
             
          
           
             Jerem.
             15.
             1.
             
             Ezek.
             14.
             14.
             
          
           
             Jonah
             3.
             9.
             
          
           
             Job
             1.
             5.
             
          
           
             Eccles
             .
             5.
             8.