The several ways of revelation a sermon preached at St. Martins in the Fields, Octob. 7, 1695 : being the seventh of the lecture for the said year, founded by the Honourable Robert Boyle, Esquire / by John Williams ... Williams, John, 1636?-1709. 1696 Approx. 43 KB of XML-encoded text transcribed from 19 1-bit group-IV TIFF page images. Text Creation Partnership, Ann Arbor, MI ; Oxford (UK) : 2005-12 (EEBO-TCP Phase 1). A66426 Wing W2733 ESTC R7609 12528652 ocm 12528652 62722 This keyboarded and encoded edition of the work described above is co-owned by the institutions providing financial support to the Early English Books Online Text Creation Partnership. This Phase I text is available for reuse, according to the terms of Creative Commons 0 1.0 Universal . The text can be copied, modified, distributed and performed, even for commercial purposes, all without asking permission. Early English books online. (EEBO-TCP ; phase 1, no. A66426) Transcribed from: (Early English Books Online ; image set 62722) Images scanned from microfilm: (Early English books, 1641-1700 ; 952:8) The several ways of revelation a sermon preached at St. Martins in the Fields, Octob. 7, 1695 : being the seventh of the lecture for the said year, founded by the Honourable Robert Boyle, Esquire / by John Williams ... Williams, John, 1636?-1709. [4], 32 p. Printed for Ri. Chiswell and Tho. Cockerill ..., London : 1696. Reproduction of original in Huntington Library. Created by converting TCP files to TEI P5 using tcp2tei.xsl, TEI @ Oxford. Re-processed by University of Nebraska-Lincoln and Northwestern, with changes to facilitate morpho-syntactic tagging. Gap elements of known extent have been transformed into placeholder characters or elements to simplify the filling in of gaps by user contributors. 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Copies of the texts have been issued variously as SGML (TCP schema; ASCII text with mnemonic sdata character entities); displayable XML (TCP schema; characters represented either as UTF-8 Unicode or text strings within braces); or lossless XML (TEI P5, characters represented either as UTF-8 Unicode or TEI g elements). Keying and markup guidelines are available at the Text Creation Partnership web site . eng Revelation -- Sermons. Sermons, English -- 17th century. 2005-01 TCP Assigned for keying and markup 2005-03 SPi Global Keyed and coded from ProQuest page images 2005-04 Mona Logarbo Sampled and proofread 2005-04 Mona Logarbo Text and markup reviewed and edited 2005-10 pfs Batch review (QC) and XML conversion D r WILLIAMS's SEVENTH SERMON AT Mr. BOYLE'S Lecture , 1695. The several Ways of Revelation . A SERMON Preached at St. Martins in the Fields , Octob. 7. 1695. BEING THE Seventh of the LECTURE For the said YEAR , Founded by the Honourable ROBERT BOYLE , Esquire . By JOHN WILLIAMS , D. D. Chaplain in Ordinary to His Majesty . LONDON : Printed for Ri. Chiswell , and Tho. Cockerill , Sen r & Jun r : At the Rose and Crown in St. Paul's Church-Yard ; and at the Three Legs in the Poultrey . M DC XC VI. HEB. 1.1 , 2. God who at sundry times , and in divers manners spake in time past unto the Fathers by the Prophets , hath in these last days spoken unto us by his Son , &c. IN these words we have ( as I have before shewed ) 1. A description of Revelation , 't is God's speaking , or declaring his Will to Mankind . 2. The Certainty of that Revelation , 't is by way of Declaration , God who at sundry times , &c. spake . 3. The Order observed in that Revelation , as to Time , Manner , and Persons ; In time past by the Prophets , and in the last days by his Son. 4. The Perfection and Completion of all , 't is in these last days by his Son. It 's the Third that I am at this time to enter upon ; viz. ▪ The Order observed in that Revelation , &c. Where , according to the Method laid down in the beginning of these Lectures , 1. I am to consider the several ways by which God did reveal himself in time past by the Prophets ; as by Inspirations , Visions , &c. 2. I am to shew the difference between Divine Inspirations on one hand , and Diabolical Illusions , Natural Impressions , and Delusory Imaginations on the other . 3. I am to consider the several Periods of Divine Revelation , before the Law , under the Law , and under the Gospel ; and the gradual Progress of it from first to last , from the lower to the higher degree , and the perpetual respect one had to the other . 4. I am to shew why God did thus gradually , and at sundry times , proceed in revealing his Will to Mankind , and not at first as fully and perfectly as by his Son. 1. I am to consider the several Ways by which God did reveal himself in time past by the Prophets . When we are treating of Revelation , we are to consider that it is like Light , to be known by it self ; and that the best way therefore is to take the Scripture it self for our Guide in the matters belonging thereunto ; without which , how Learnedly soever men may discourse upon this Argument , 't is to as little purpose as if we should go about to compile a History of the Invisible World , and of all the Transactions in it from time to time , which we have no Conversation nor Acquaintance with . We see how Vain ( though Ingenious ) the Attempts of many Inquisitive Persons have been , notwithstanding the Improvements by Telescopes , &c. for their assistance , to give us any tolerable Account of the Solar and Lunary Worlds ; and after much and indefatigable Pains , they are not able to say this is Land , and that Water ; or whether neither of the two . And we talk as much at random , when we leave the beaten Track of Scripture , and think to find out by our own Reason what we must understand by Revelation alone . We can only think and discourse of such Subjects , as we keep that Clue in our hand ; and therefore laying aside all manner of Conjectures , and the Speculations of the Jewish or Christian Rabbies upon the Argument in hand , I shall solely keep my self to the Rule of Scripture . All I pretend , is to compare Scripture with it self , and to try if by putting these things together , and laying them in order , I can contribute any thing to the Explication of so obscure and intricate an Argument . There are several Terms made use of in Scripture with reference to this Subject , and for the signification of the way by which God did reveal and make himself known to Mankind ; and they are , Inspiration , Vision , Dreams , and Voices . 1. Inspiration . So Job [ 32.8 . ] saith , The inspiration of the Almighty gave them [ men ] understanding . And the Scripture is said to have been given by Inspiration of God , 1 Tim. 3.16 . Now it seems to be called Inspiration , because it is insensibly communicated and breathed as it were into the Soul , as the Soul was into the Body ; to which the Phrase in Job has a plain reference , where the same word 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 is used , which is used Gen. 2.7 . when God is said to breathe into Adam the breath of life : And by which term it is properly and evidently distinguished from all the other Species of Divine Communications . For all the rest are sensible ways , whether by Representation , as Visions or Dreams ; or by Action , as Voices ; but this comes as Life came into the Body , or Air comes into the Lungs , without any such kind of Perception or Sensation . Now there is a Threefold Inspiration ; ( 1. ) That which is purely Natural : So 't is said of God , who hath put wisdom into the inward parts , Job 38.16 . And he is said to instruct the plowman to discretion , Isa. 28.26 . This is no other than a Disposition infused , and connatural with the Soul it self ; and that afterward in process of time ripens , and comes to be a Power or Principle , and even a Habit , by action and observation . ( 2. ) There is a Providential Inspiration ; when God by some After-Act of his Providence , and for some special Service , doth either give Life to such a Natural Power and Inherent Disposition , or else infuses a new Disposition or Power into the Soul. This seems to have been the Case of Bezaleel , and Aboliab , and others , into whom God is said to have put wisdom and understanding , to know how to work all manner of Work ; and yet of the same persons 't is said , whose heart stirred them up , Exod. 32.1 , 2. That is , God did chuse them out , as being of themselves well disposed and fitted for that Employment , and after an Extraordinary Manner , and by a Supernatural Assistance qualified them further for it . And from the Consideration of the difference between Men and Men , and indeed between a Man and himself , when from some imperceptible beginning he comes to advance beyond others , and even beyond himself in Knowledge , Wisdom , and Success , the World has been inclin'd to think there was somewhat of a peculiar Inspiration in it . Whence that Saying of the Heathen Orator , Nemo Vir Magnus sine afflatu Divino unquàm fuit : No one ever came to be a Great Man , or attained to any extraordinary Eminence in Knowledge or Skill , but by a Divine Illumination . ( 3. ) There is an Inspiration purely Supernatural ; that is immediately , wholly , and only from God. Of this sort is that Divine Influx commonly known by the term of Regeneration , when God so changes the Heart by the Powerful Operation of his Holy Spirit , that it 's said to be New , Ezek. 36.26 . But that which is more to our purpose , is when God in Daniel's Phrase , chap. 2.22 . revealeth the deep and secret things , and doth communicate his Will , so that the Person conceives , and thinks and acts , as the Divine Power would have him conceive , think , and act . It being here , as with the Soul in the Body , which is the Principle of all Vital Motion ; for though the Body be in its contrivance admirably adapted for all Offices to which the Organs of it are to serve , if there were a Soul in it ; yet it is the Soul that must make the Eye to see , and the Foot to move , and the Tongue to speak , or else there will be no Sight , Motion , nor Speech . So it is here in Divine Inspiration of this sort , where the Spirit of God is to the Soul , what the Soul is to the Body , and must make all those Impressions upon it , must infuse the Power of conceiving and thinking , or rather those Conceptions and Thoughts , those Notions and Ideas of Things , nay , that Matter . So that the Person Inspired doth not think his own Thoughts , nor order his own Conceptions , nor form his own Notions , nor use his own Words ( where these are Inspired ) as far as he is Inspired . Not that his Reason is not in operation , ( as it is in Raptures , Visions , and Dreams , where the Rational Powers are bound up as it were by Sleep for the present ) , but that these Infusions proceeding not from any Reasoning in themselves , but from an External and Supernatural Cause , it is by that Cause determined to the Matter that is Inspired . As a Prompter doth suggest the Matter , or dictate the Words to the Interpreter he makes use of ; which are not to be esteemed the Words or Thoughts of the Interpreter , but of the Suggester . As our Saviour saith to his Disciples , When they deliver you up , take no thought how or what ye shall speak ; for it shall be given you in that same hour what ye shall speak : For it is not ye that speak , but the Spirit of the Father which speaketh in you . Matth. 10.19 , 10. Now as it was the Spirit of God speaking in them , that did in that case dictate and guide them in all they said , so that they spake with such Authority and Ability , such Wisdom and Elocution , without any Premeditation , as all their Adversaries were not able to gainsay or resist , Luke 21.15 . ; ( as we find in the Instance of St. Stephen , Acts 6.10 . ) So it was after the same manner that the Divine Spirit did breathe upon the mind ( as our Saviour on the Apostles in an external way , the signification of the internal , John 20.22 . ) in a way imperceptible ; and did so insinuate it self , that it became , as it were , one Spirit with theirs , and they thought as the Spirit dispos'd them to think , as well as spake as the Spirit gave them utterance . Acts 2.4 . This was thinking and speaking by Inspiration : And this being the most eminent way of God's communicating his Will to Mankind , is call'd Revelation in the New Testament especially , it being immediate , without the intervention of Visions , or Extasies , or Voices , or any other means than it self ; and this was the way by which the Apostles received their Revelation , called a Revealing by the Spirit . 2. Another way by which God revealed himself , was Vision , or Sight . This was so common , that all the ways of Revelation are sometimes set forth by this term . A Vision is the Representation of an Object , as in a Glass which places the Visage before us ; and by which we have as clear a view of the things thus represented , as if they were the things themselves , and not the Images or appearances of them . And therefore though the external senses are herein bound up , and , as it were , laid asleep in a Trance ; yet the things presented at that time to the imagination , and intended as a Revelation of something to happen or to be done , are as plain , and evident , as sensible Objects that lie open to the sense . Thus Balaam describes it as to himself , who saw the vision of the Almighty , falling into a trance , but having his eyes open , Numb . 24.16 . that is , though he had not the exercise of his outward senses ; and so his eyes were of no more use to him when open than if they were shut , yet he evidently saw whatever was presented to his mind . Thus St. Paul as clearly saw our Saviour by a Representation or Vision , when he was in a Trance in the Temple , as he did when he actually and visibly appear'd to him at Mid-day on the way to Damascus . In this case things imaginary are as if they were real , remote as if they were near , future as if present , and secret as if open ; that is , what sight , presence , and knowledge is to us in things sensible when we are awake , and have the full exercise of our outward senses ; that is Vision to the Visionaries , to such as are in an Extasy . This will be farther illustrated by a reflection upon these several particulars ; to which ( if I mistake not ) all the instances of this kind may be reduced . As 1. In Vision things imaginary and internal are represented as evidently as if they were real and external . Thus much is intimated in the case of St. Peter ; of whom 't is said , when the Angel smote him , and the chains fell off from his hands ; he wist not that it was true which was done by the angel , but thought be saw a vision . From whence it follows , that all this ( which he found to be real when he came to himself ) might have been represented by way of Vision ; and things thereby represented are as evidently proposed to the Mind , as outward Objects can be to the Eye . Thus it was with the same Apostle when he fell into a Trance , and saw heaven opened , and a certain vessel descending unto him , as it had been a great sheet , knit at the four corners , and let down to the earth ; wherein were all manner of four-footed beasts of the earth , &c. Acts 10.10 , &c. Of this kind of Vision , were Jeremiah's wearing a linnen Girdle , and his hiding it afterwards in a hole by Euphrates ; and his taking a cup of fury at the Lord's hand , and causing all Nations to drink of it . Of the same kind were Ezekiel's eating of the Roll , his typical laying Siege to Jerusalem , and an hundred things more in that and other Prophetical Books . In which cases , when the things represented are wholly imaginary , and never existent , what is in Phrase positively said of them , is to be supplied with as it were ; as in the aforesaid Vision of St. Peter , when it is said Peter saw heaven opened , and a sheet descending , &c. it being not a thing really done , but only by Representation , it is to be understood , That he , as it were , saw Heaven opened . 2. In Vision things remote are represented as present , and the Visionary has all the advantage of sight in things presented to the Eye without the use of sight , or change of place . So Ezekiel , when a Captive in Chald●ea , had the state of Jerusalem ( as it was then in fact ) set before him ; whither he was brought in the visions of God , and as evidently saw all things that were at that time transacted in the Temple , as if he had been actually there : And even the secret practices of the Elders and Priests in the most retired corners were at that distance exactly represented to him ; so that if he had been personally with them , they had not been more visible to him . There he beheld the Idols pourtrayed on the wall ; and the Seventy Men , or Sanhedrim , and Jaazaniah their Head , in the midst of them , with every Man his Censer in his hand , and all the particulars as there described . 3. In Vision , things future are as evidently represented , as if they were present . Thus Saul when deprived of his Sight , saw in a Vision Ananias coming in , and by Imposition of hands restoring him to it ; and by which means , as described to him before-hand , he as perfectly knew Ananias , when he came to see , as if he had afore time been conversant with him . From whence we may observe : ( 1. ) That Vision is Supernatural ; so in the Old Testament , Ezekiel saith , The hand of the Lord was upon me . And in the New , St. John saith , He was in the Spirit . ( 2. ) That it is Internal ; when the Soul , tho' in the Body , yet for the present is as out of it , as to corporeal Sensations , and sees , perceives , and understands nothing by the external organs . Thus it was with St. Paul in his wonderful Rapture , when his Soul was in such an abstracted and elevated state , that he himself could not tell , whether he was in the body or out of the body . So that when the Name of Vision is given in Scripture to this way of Divine Communication , it is not from any use made of corporeal sight , or that it is entertain'd with any external objects ; but because of the clearness and evidence of it , and a conformity it therein bears to outward and corporeal Sense . By which it is distinguished from external Representations , ( which were also very frequent in those times of Revelation ) of which there were two sorts more especially , viz. ( 1. ) That which the Jews call the Shechinah , which was God's manifestation of himself in a visible Glory and Majesty , without any form , as he did to the Patriarchs ; and afterwards it was the token of his special residence among his people the Jews , called therefore his dwelling between the cherubins . ( 2. ) Another way of appearance was by Angels , when they took upon them a humane form , by way of condescension to mankind , and for a freer conversation with them ; and from which form and umbrage , the Scripture terms them Men : but , besides what the Sequel of Scripture and common Sense shews , the Apostle hath taught us that they were Divine Messengers sent immediately from God , upon especial occasions and emergencies . But the Schechinah , called The Glory of the Lord , was a Manifestation of the Divine Presence , and not a Revelation ; and the Angels were only Messengers of a Revelation : And so neither of them belong properly to this place . 3. Another way of Revelation was by Dreams . There is so far an agreement between Vision and Dreams , that in both the external Senses were bound up , so that a Vision may be called a supernatural Dream , and a Dream may be said to be a natural Vision ; and so in Job they seem to be taken for one and the same . God speaketh in a dream , in a vision of the night , when deep sleep falleth upon men , in slumbrings upon the bed . But the Scripture otherwise usually speaks of them as two distinct ways of Revelation : So Num. 12.6 . If there be a prophet among you , I the Lord will make my self known to him in a vision , and will speak unto him in a dream . So Joel 2.28 . And the difference between them seems to be , ( 1. ) That Vision properly speaking was generally , if not always , when the Visionary was awake , whether by night or day ; but Dreams ( as the nature of the thing shews ) were , when the external Senses were asleep ; and Reason , as to its present operation , was bound up with them . ( 2. ) In a Vision the whole was supernatural , without any humane predisposition or concurrence , as the Scripture-phrase doth shew , ( as St. John was said to be carried in the spirit into the wilderness , and a Trance is said to fall upon St. Peter : ) But to dream , is a natural Motion of the Spirits , and Disposition of Body , which the Spirit of God , or an Angel ( the usual Minister employ'd in such conveyances ) made use of ; both as the Mind was then in a state of repose , and by the rest of the Body relaxed from the business of the day ; and also as what was suggested in that way , made a stronger impression upon the Mind , when not diverted by outward objects and occasions , and that there was a cessation from all external and sensible operations . For it seemed necessary ( naturally speaking ) that in all Revelations there should be a sedate disposition of Mind , and an abstraction from all other Conceptions ; and therefore it was either sound so , as in Dreams , or made so by some Angelical and Divine Operation , as in a Vision or Trance . In both the Senses were therefore bound up ; but in a Vision , by a supernatural Agency ; in Sleep or Dreams , by the meer effect of Nature . And if it be asked , How then is there a Revelation by Dream , when Revelation is supernatural , and a Dream natural ? I answer ; Though it be as natural to dream as to sleep , and a Dream is a Consequent , if not a constant Concomitant of Sleep ; yet in this case ( which we are speaking of ) the Revelation or Dream was supernatural . As to think or speak is natural to man ; but so to think or speak as is above the capacity of the Agent , and what he of himself could never have thought or spoken , shews that he is not so much an Agent as a Recipient , and the Instrument made use of in the conveyance . Thus it was no more natural for Balaam several Ages before to foretel what the children of Israel should do to the Moabites in the latter days , than it was for his Ass to speak . So to dream is natural , but to dream of such things then in doing , or of such things to come as are altogether independent on the Body , nor by any methods of Nature or presumptive Art to be known or foreseen , is supernatural . Thus to dream was natural to Pharaoh , as to others ; and his Dream of the Seven fat and lean Kine , might have pass'd for the fruit of a nocturnal Imagination ; but by a Dream to be made understand , that there should be successively Seven years of great Plenty , and then Seven years of Famine , could proceed only from a Divine Revelation . And this will further appear in the process of this Discourse , when I am to consider the difference between what is Natural , and what is Divine , &c. 4. Another sort of Revelation was by Voice , and that by way of immediate communication , or occasional . The former of these was vouchsafed to Abraham , and above all to Moses ; to whom God is said to have spoke face to face , as a man speaketh unto his friend . By which He is distinguished from all other Prophets , and preferr'd above them , as it is recorded , Numb . 12.6 , 7 , 8. If there be a prophet among you , I the Lord will make my self known unto him in a vision , and will speak unto him in a dream . My servant Moses is not so , &c. With him will I speak mouth to mouth , even apparently , and not in dark speeches , and the similitude of the Lord shall he behold . That Revelation to him was after the way of communication , open and clear , as a Friend converses with a Friend ; and whenever he had occasion to know the mind of God , he went to the place where he might be sure to meet him , that is , into the Tabernacle , and there he heard the voice of one speaking unto him from between the two cherubims , Numb . 7.89 . Next to this , was the continuance of that Oracle among the Jews , to which the High-Priest repair'd in any difficulties ; but how far the Divinity did communicate it self in that way , the Scripture is not positive . We find that it was with-held in the time of Saul ; for when he enquired of the Lord , 't is said , The Lord answer'd him not , neither by dreams , nor by Urim , nor by prophets , nor by any other way . There was another sort of Voice , which was altogether occasional , and proceeded from the magnificent Glory , in St. Peter's Phrase ; and was for some particular direction , as to Hagar , to Abraham , &c. or for testimony and confirmation , as was that the Apostle speaks of , when it was audibly proclaim'd from Heaven , This is my beloved Son in whom I am well-pleased . Thus far I have treated of the several ways of Revelation recorded in the Holy Scripture , and in which God spake in time past by the prophets . There was one more which the Jews of latter Ages speak of , and would have continued , after the other were discontinued , called by them the Bath Col , or the Low Voice ; and which after a sort they conceive was to supply the deficiency of the other ; but that is beside my present purpose , having confined my self to Scripture alone . Where also we find nothing observ'd or allow'd of another way , which the Heathenish World abounded in , and by which they thought the success and event of any design they had in hand might be learned , and that was Divination . When by the Air or Earth , the flight or feeding of Birds , the Entrails of Beasts , &c. they might judge of the way they were to take , or the event of their proceedings , as did the King of Babylon . A Pretence foolish enough , and which we can make no better a use of , than to observe how desirous the World has always been of a Revelation , how sensible of the need of a further direction , than what mere Nature or Reason did dictate ; and withal , how foolish Mankind was under the want of it . For how can it be suppos'd that Futurities should be dependent upon such sorry Accidents , or that the Divinity should thus reveal it self ? Therefore it is no wonder to find the true Revelation so silent as to these ludicrous matters ; and if we had there found such an Order of Men established by that , as were the Augurs , Haruspices , and Extispices among the Heathens , and such Rules as those had for to guide them in their observations in that sensless Art ; it would be a better Argument against the Authority of such a Revelation , than ever yet has been or can be advanced against it by its greatest-Enemies . No! these are justly reckon'd among the Abominations of the Heathen , and forbidden to the Jews , viz. There shall not be found among you any one , that useth divination , or an observer of times , or an inchanter , or a charmer , or a consulter with a familiar spirit ; for all that do these things , are an abomination unto the Lord. But now granting that the Deity did make known and communicate his Will in the ways before spoken of , of Inspiration , Vision , Dreams and Voices ; yet there remains a great difficulty behind , and that is , How we may be satisfied about the truth and certainty of such a Revelation ? And that because as there are Supernatural Visions , Voices and Dreams , so there are Natural ; as Divine , so Humane ; as Real , so Imaginary on one hand , and Pretence on the other : And therefore how shall we distinguish the Supernatural , from the Natural ; the Divine , from the Humane ; the Real , from the Imaginary and Pretended ? And how know we , but that what we call a Divine Inspiration , Vision , Dream and Voice , may be Natural and Humane , may be Imaginary , Enthusiastical and Supposititious ? That persons may say as those , Jer. 27.25 . I have dreamed , I have dreamed ; and yet it be a Vision of their own heart . Or that there may be a lying spirit in the mouth of the prophets , as Micaiah said of those in his time , 1 Kings 22.22 . This brings to the second : 2. To consider the difference between Divine Communications , Natural Impressions , and Diabolical Illusions ; whether by Inspiration or Vision , Dreams or Voices . In the resolution of which Case , it is not my design to discourse nicely , after a philosophical manner ; as about the force of Imagination , and the influence invisible Agents have upon Mankind ; for that is to go a great way about , without coming nearer the Point than when we first set out ; and is not to be done , without knowing what we pretend not to know . I don't question but that if we had an immediate Intuition into the state of the Mind , or the operations upon it , we might discern as plain a difference between Temper and Inspiration , Imposture and Revelation , as between day and night ; or as there is between an Angel of light , and an Angel of darkness , to such as are in the invisible state . But these things are alike unknown to us ; only this we may say , That Divine Inspiration is discover'd as Light , by it self ; and which the person divinely moved and illuminated is as much assured of , as he is of the existence of any thing in being , or the truth of any Proposition , as has been before said . And when the Divine Power operates , it hath so much the Ascendant over the natural temper , that it lays a person under an uncontroulable necessity of obeying the Dictates of it , as it was with the Prophets of old . But if it be said , Don't we see Enthusiastical Persons as confident of their Imaginary Inspirations and Visions , and look upon themselves as much obliged to follow them , as those that are truly Inspired do to obey what is Divine ? I answer , Be it so ; yet this is of it self no Argument against the truth and certainty of Revelation , and of Revelation in those ways . Is it any Argument against the certainty of Sense , that it is often deceived and imposed upon ? Or against Truth , that there are Errors and everlasting Disputes among Mankind ? And because there are , are we all obliged to be Scepticks ; and may we be positive that there is no Truth nor Certainty in the World ; and that no man can be sure he sees , or hears , or knows , or lives ? And because there are or have been deluded and brain-sick persons , are therefore none wise , or in their Wits ? And are all Inspired Persons no more to be credited than if they were Lunaticks ? Or don 't they know themselves to be any more Inspired , than those that are agitated by the power of a wild Imagination ? Confidence in Imaginary Inspirations may be great ; but the Perception , and so the Assurance cannot be alike to what is real . But tho' the Deity can so communicate it self , as that the Person inspired shall know most certainly , it is from God , and from him alone ; and so there is no absolute necessity of any farther evidence to him , no more than there is of Light to give evidence to Light : yet that there might nothing be wanting for the further satisfaction of such as had a Revelation , there was often added some sign , or supernatural proof . So when Gideon had some doubt of what the Angel said , ( when he knew not what he was ) and was timerous , when requir'd to go on a difficult Enterprize ; he was confirmed , by the Fire out of the Rock that consumed the Flesh ; and by the Fleece ; and the Soldier 's Dream , and the Interpretation of it . And Moses was convinced not only of his own Mission from God , but of the acceptance and authority he should upon it have with the People , when the Rod in his hand was turned into a Serpent ; and his Hand , by putting it into his bosom , was made leprous ; and cured again in a moment , by taking it out . A course altogether necessary , for the satisfaction of others , ( as has been before observed ) and which may reasonably be demanded . For if a Person shall come , under the pretence of a Revelation , with a Message to others , and require them , as they tender their Salvation , to receive it , and to submit to it , without such Certificates as shall give Authority to it ; it is like one that shall take on him the Style and Character of an Ambassador , without any Credentials to give him Authority , and deserves no better acceptance . Let then a Moses come with a Message to Pharaoh in the Name of God , and require him to obey it ; that Prince might reasonably expect a farther confirmation than his word , and it must be somewhat truly great and greater than what was done by his Magicians , that should determine him to a belief of it . Let Elijah confront Ahab , and the Priests of Baal , and they dispute his Mission and Authority ; he appeals to the Supreme Authority to decide it , The God that answereth by fire , let him be God. Let a lying spirit be put in the mouth of the other Prophets in opposition unto Micaiah , th a Prophet , for the Conviction of all , leaves it to the event , saying unto Ahab , If thou return at all in peace , the Lord hath not spoken by me . And he said , Hearken , O people , every one of you . By this means , that is , by Predictions and Miracles , a Prophet may be known to be a Prophet , and an Inspiration to be an Inspiration ; and by these Characters may we be able to judge of both ; as to the Authority of the Mission , and the Truth of the Inspiration . Where the Evidence was necessary , there was never wanting one or both of these . And though John did no Miracle , yet he had the Spirit of Prophecy , the People acknowledged , for said they , All things John spake of this man [ Jesus ] were true . There may , 't is likely , be Inspiration where there is neither of these , nor the like Evidences ; but there is no obligation on others to believe it , without the Evidence be sufficient ; ( for such as the Evidence is , such is the Obligation ) but the Evidence is not sufficient which rests solely on Humane Authority , and has nothing but the bare word and affirmation of the Pretender , to prove it . To this purpose , saith our Saviour , If I bear witness of my self , my witness is not true — The works that I do , bear witness of me . So that Inspiration is , as to others , no Inspiration , till it be proved : It may , for ought appears to the contrary , be no other than Delusion , or Imposture . Let therefore the Imagination be never so strong , the Confidence never so great , the Intent never so good ; the Question is , Whence is this , what Evidence doth the Person bring of his Mission from God ? upon what doth it rest ? into what is it resolved ? What doth he produce more than what may be the fruit of Imagination ? It may all be a fit of Enthusiasm . So that if a Person will pretend to immediate Inspiration , ( were it an Age for it ) and much more , pretend to it after Inspiration has ceased ; he must be able to fortify it by such Evidence as can come from none but him from whom the Inspiration came , if it be Divine . So much for Inspiration , in opposition to Natural Impressions and Diabolical Illusions ; and which may serve as a general Answer to the other particular Instances that remain . Thus it was in Visions ; which as to the Visionaries was with that Evidence , as could leave no manner of doubt of what was therein represented . So Micaiah describes his Vision , I saw the Lord sitting on his throne , and all the host of heaven standing by him , on his right hand , and on his left . And the Lord said , Who shall persuade Ahab , that he may go up and fall at Ramoth-Gilead ? &c. And by this as he himself did abide , so the Event verified it , vers . 34. The same is to be said as to Dreams , which had such a peculiar stroke upon the Imagination , that the Divine had a different effect upon the Person from what was Natural ; and therefore Abimelech , before he had expostulated the Case with Abraham , communicated his Dream to his Family , from the confidence he had in himself of the truth of it . And especially has this a sufficient Evidence as to others . 1. When such things are therein discover'd , which they had before no knowledge of ; as was the Case of Abimelech . Or 2. Which were so remote in Place , or Time , as none could possibly reveal , but by a Divine Communication . Or 3. When the Interpretation was quite different from the Dream , nor was without that Interpretation to be understood . This was the Case of Pharaoh , about the seven fat and lean kine , &c. Gen. 41.38 . Of Nebuchadnezzar , about his own Transformation and Deposition , Dan. 4.19 . and that of the Midianitish Soldier , Judg. 7.13 , 14. Where if we grant that the Dreams , as to the matter , might have been the effect of a rolling Imagination , ( as Pharaoh's Kine , Nebuchadnezzar's Tree , and the Soldier 's Cake ) yet how the seven Kine should prove a Prediction of seven Years Plenty and Famine ; or the felling of the Tree be an Emblem of Nebucha●nezzar's dethronization ; or that a Cake of Bread tumbling into the Host , and overturning a Tent , should presignify the Sword , and Success of Gideon , and that into his hand God would deliver the host of Midian ; was utterly unaccountable , if it were not as Joseph said to Pharaoh , that God himself thereby shewed what he was about to do , and that it came from him who is a Revealer of Secrets , as Nebuchadnezzar acknowledged . Lastly , The like may be said of a Revelation by Voice , which , if internal , is the same with a Dream or Vision , as going along with it ; and so has the same sort of evidence . If external , it is its own evidence ; as was that from Heaven , to give testimony to our Saviour . Or it was by way of Oracle ; and then the Authority of the Voices was justified by the numerous Predictions ; the design they apparently promoted of encouraging the good , of admonishing and reforming the bad ; and in all , of promoting Vertue and true Religion in the world ; and to whose veracity future Ages have given Testimony , by sutable Events . Whereas those of the Heathens were very suspic●ous and doubtful , and often detected to be only Forgery and a Conspiracy ; and disowned at that time ( when in vulgar estimation ) by the wisest among themselves ; and the reputation of which at last as well utterly fell , as the pretence to them did . So that were the Case to be put upon this issue , and to be decided by the measures before laid down , we may safely venture the whole Cause of Revelation upon it ; when there is nothing wanting , that can reasonably be desired , toward the justification of its veracity ; and that there is no manner of pretence for applying the same terms of evidence and sincerity to Imagination , as to Inspiration ; or to Imposture , ( whether Enthusiastical or Diabolical ) as is to Revelation . For when was it known , that Imagination or Nature did ever empower persons to speak all Languages , and to discourse readily at once with the Parthians , Medes , and Elamites , &c. in their several Tongues ? When did Imagination or Nature enable persons , without any skill , to cure Diseases , naturally incurable ; and such as had no Humane Learning , to talk like Philosophers of the sublimest Arguments , and with as much freedom as they used the Speech of the Foreign Nations they instructed ? Further , What Imagination , or Nature , or Art , could inspirit Moses with such a supernatural Power , as to turn his Rod into a Serpent , and to devour those of the Magicians ; and by a stroke of it to fetch water out of the Rock , and stop the mighty Current of the Sea ? What Imagination could form such Idea's in the minds of a Pharaoh and Nebuchadnezzar , or inspire a Joseph and a Daniel to give such an Interpretation of them , as justified it self to be true by a correspondent Event ? When did Imagination give life to a Fly , or do the least Act out of it self ? When did that , or Nature , or Imposture , raise the dead , with Elisha , call for Fire from Heaven with Elijah , or foretel what shall happen a hundred or a thousand years after , or so much as what a Person shall think to morrow ? Here we may challenge all the Magicians of a Pharaoh and a Nebuchadnezzar , all the Men of Art and Science , all the Enthusiasts and Impostors in the World , to talk as the Persons Inspired did talk , to do as they did , and to produce those Testimonies as those upon occasion produced in their own justification , and for the confirmation of their Mission from God. From all which we see what evidence we have for the Truth of our Revelation , by the various ways of its manifestation . If we had such Inspirations , such Visions of things future and remote , &c. what evidence could we desire more to attest and bear witness to what we are to believe and receive ? And what Absurdities must we be cast upon , if we would venture to call those matters of Fact in question , which though peculiar to those times , lose not their evidence and force because they are not in ours , nor have been for several Ages , nor are to be in the Christian Church ? However , there are those manifestations of the Divine Presence and Power , which we are all capable of , and may obtain by Prayer to God ; and which shall be more beneficial to us , than if we our selves could work Miracles , and were the Inspired Persons to whom God did thus make known himself , as he did in time past to the Prophets ; and those are the Grace and Assistance of his Holy Spirit , and the doing his Will : Qualifications that will render us more acceptable to him , and make us more capable of his favour , and all the advantages of it in this world , and that to come , than if we could divide the Sea with Moses , or stop the Sun in its course with Joshua , or raise the dead with Elisha . For then , though without those miraculous Donations , we may be received with a Come ye blessed of my Father , inherit the kingdom prepared for you from the foundation of the world . Which God of his Infinite Mercy grant to us all , through Jesus Christ our Lord. Amen . FINIS . Notes, typically marginal, from the original text Notes for div A66426-e250 Cic. l. 2. de Nat. Deor. Rom. 16.25 , 26. Gal. 1.12 . 1 Cor 2.10 . Ephes. 3.3 , 5 , 6. 1 Thes. 4.8 . Acts 22.17 , 18. Acts 9.4 . c. 26.13 . 1 Cor. 15.8 . Acts 12.9 . Jerem. 13.1 , &c. 25.15 . Ezek. ch . 3.4.5 . &c. Ezek. 1.1 . & 8.3 , &c. Acts 9.12 . Ezek. 8.1 . Revel . 1.10 . 2 Cor. 12.1 . Gen. 17.1 , &c. Psal. 80.1 . Gen. 18.1 . 19.1 . Hebr. 13.2 . Num : 16.42 , &c. Job 33.14 15.4.13 . Revel . 17.13 . 21.20 . Acts 10.10 . 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . Numb . 24.14 . Gen. 4● , ● . Exod. 33.9 , 11. 1 Sam. 28.6 . 2 Pet. 1.17 . Ezek. 21.21 . Deut. 18.10 , &c. Serm. 3. p. 7. Jer. 20.9 . Ezek. 3.14 . Judg. 6.21 , 37. 7.13 , 14. Exod. 4.3 , 6. Serm. 3. p. 13. Exod. 8.18 . 1 Kings 19.24 , 36. 1 Kings 22.28 , 29. Joh. 10. ver 41. Joh. 5.31 , 36. 1 Kings 22.19 . Gen. 20.3 . Mat. 3.17 . Vid. Ser. 2. p. 36.