7SILnews | ��77��������2��������� Bi-Eau�is�a�small��rm,�specialized�in�Phycology�(www.bieau. ��).�The�founder,�Maria�Leitao,�was�a�student�of�the�famous� French�phycologist�Pierre�Bourrelly�at�the�Muséum�National� d’Histoire�Naturelle,�Paris.�She�created�Bi-Eau�in�1988,�when� she�moved�to�a�small�French�town�(Angers)�where�there�was� no�micro-algological�research.�She�started�alone,�but�soon� she�was�joined�by�young�people,�creating�a�small�team�of� 3-4�persons. LIMNOLOGY AROUND THE WORLD: FRANCE 8LMV����IEVW�EH�MVMRK� FIEY����LVSYKL�E� �MGVSWGSTI Maria Leitao ���VYI�0EMR��0EVSGLI�� �������RKIVW��*6�2�)� )�EMP��leitao@bieau.fr Starting�without�any� customers,� Bi-Eau�has�progressively� �P�LF�����I�N�O��FO����FT����PN����F��DPN��O�FT���P�T���F� environmental� agencies� to� universities.� Aiming� to� keep� abreast�of�the�rapidly�changing�phycological�taxonomy�and� LOP��F��F���IF��F�N�I�T������D����F���I�PV�I��IF��F��T��O�� ���� P�F�� �IF� �P���� �O� DPO��FTTFT�� �P�LTIP�T� �O�� �O�P�N��� meetings,� regarding� taxonomy� as� well� as� ecology.� This� effort�has�allowed�Bi-Eau�to�create�a�scienti�c�network�that� provides�a�high�level�of�expertise�in�algology,�and�acts�as�a� scienti�c�guarantee�of�its�work�(Fig�1).�Through�the�years,�Bi- Eau�has�also�hosted�many�students�from�universities�across� Europe�doing�their�thesis�work�regarding�algae.�Our�studies� mainly�concern�France�and�French�territories,�but�sometimes� we�also�work�on�other�freshwaters�(Belgium,�England,�Italy,� Spain…).� �More�than�analysing�samples,�Bi-Eau�also�tries� to� offer� additional� considerations� about� the� limnological� situation�of�the�studied�site,�therefore�optimizing�its�analytical� work�with�the�added�value�of�ecological�interpretations.� �O� TPNF� �����DV���� D�TFT�� OF�� T��V���POT� P�� �O�F�FT��O�� phenomenon�arise�that�warrant�publishing�the�results�(with� customer�agreement),�and�to�share�these�experiences�with� other�limnologists�and�readers�of�scienti�c�journals�such�as� )�ESPCJPMPHJB�� �P�S�BM� PG� �MB�LUP�� �FTFBS�I�� �SFTI�BUFS� �JPMPH��� ��PMPHJ�BM� ��EJ�BUPST�� �I��PMPHJ�BM� �U�EJFT�� �MP�P�F…�For�example,�Bi-Eau�was�the��rst� to�document� the�presence�of�the�cyanobacterium���MJ�ESPT�FSNP�TJT��O� France.�Thanks�to� this�work,�always�done� in�collaboration� )LJ���� 3��SD�L���D�S��W�SOD�NW����DPSO�� 8SILnews | ��77��������2��������� with� international� experts,� the� staff� of� Bi-Eau� constantly� improve�their�general�knowledge�(and�make�a�lot�of�good� friends!).� �O����P�����I����T���P��FTT��F���VT�O��NP�F��FOF��D��PP�T��O�� biochemical�methods,�Bi-Eau�still�believes�that�recognizing� a�whole�organism�or�observing�a�natural�population�through� �� N�D�PTDP�F�� �FN��OT� �O� FDP�P��D��� ����O���F� �O�� �� personal�privilege.�Therefore,�for�more�than�30�years,�Bi-Eau� has�worked�seriously,�with�passion,�hoping�that�these�small/ micro�observations,�will� lead�to�a�better�understanding�of� the�world.� Publications Minaudo�C,�Abonyi�A,�Leitao�M,�Floury�M,�Descy�JP,�Moatar�F.�2021.� -PO���F�N�P��OV���FO��DPO��P���D��N��F�DI�O�F��O���O��T��F�D��NT� on�phytoplankton�and�cyanobacteria�biomass�in�a�large�temperate� river.��Science�of�Total�Environment�https://doi.org/10.1016/j. scitotenv.2020.144074� Rugema�E,�Darchambeau�F,�Sarmento�H,�Stoyneva-Gartner�M,� Leitao�M,�Thiery�W,�Latli�A,�Descy�JP.�2019.�Long-term�change� of�phytoplankton�in�Lake�Kivu:�the�rise�of�the�greens.�Freshwater� Biology�1-16.� Yvon-Durocher�G,�Allen�AP,�Cellamare�M,�Dossena�M,�Gaston�KJ,� Leitao�M,�Montoya�JM,�Reuman�DC,��Woodward�G,��Trimmer�M.� 2015.�Five�years�of�experimental�warming�increases�the�biodiversity� and�productivity�of�phytoplankton.�PloS�Biol�13:�e1002324.� Cellamare�M,�Lançon�AM,�Leitao�M,�Cerasino�L,�Obertegger�U,�Flaim� G.�2015.��Phytoplankton�functional�responses�to�spatial�and�temporal� differences�in�a�cold�and�oligotrophic�lake.�Hydrobiologia.�764:� 199–209. Abonyi�A,�Leitao�M,�Stankovic�I,�Borics�G,�Varbiro�G,�Padisak� J.��2014.�A�large�river�(River�Loire,�France)�survey�to�compare� phytoplankton�functional�approaches:�do�they�display�river�zones�in� similar�ways?�Ecological�Indicators�46:�11–22. Cellamare�M,�Tezanos-Pinto�P,�Leitao�M,�Coste�M,�Boutry�S,�Haury� J.�2013.��Using�functional�approaches�to�study�phytoplankton� communities�in�a�temperate�region�exposed�to�tropical�species� dispersal.�Hydrobiologia�702:�267–282. Descy�JP,�Leitao�M,�Everbecq�E,�Smitz�JS,�Deliège�JF.�2012.� Phytoplankton�of�the�River�Loire,�France:�a�biodiversity�and�modelling� study.�Journal�of�Plankton�Research�34:�120-135. Abonyi�A,�Leitao�M,�Lançon�AM,�Padisak�J.�2012.�Phytoplankton� functional�groups�as�indicators�of�human�impacts�along�the�River� Loire�(France).�Hydrobiologia�698:�233-249. Stoyneva�M,�Descy�JP,�Balague�V,�Compere�P,�Leitao�M,�Sarmento� H.�2012.�The�queer��FUSB�ESP��NJ�JN�N�from�Lake�Kivu�(Eastern� Africa):�is�it�a�result�of�a�human�impact?�Hydrobiologia�698:273-283. Cellamare�M,�Leitao�M,�Haury�J,�Dutartre�A.�2010.�Tropical� phytoplankton�taxa�in�Aquitaine�Lakes�(France).�Hydrobiologia�63:� 129-145. Oudin�LC,�Lair�N,�Leitao�M,�&�al.�2009.�The�Loire�Basin.�in:�Rivers�of� Europe,�Chap.�5.2,�Ed.�Tockner�&�al.,�Elsevier,�700�pp.� Sarmento�H,�Leitao�M,�Stoyneva�M,�Compere�P,�Couté�A,�Descy�JP.�� 2007.�Diversity�of�pelagic�algae�of�Lake�Kivu�(East�Africa).�Algologie- Cryptogamie�28:�245-269. AFSSA�–�AFSSET�Working�Group.�2006.��Évaluation�des�risques� lies�à�la�présence�de�cyanobactéries�et�de�leurs�toxines�dans� les�eaux�destinées�à�l’alimentation,�à�la�baignade�et�aux�activités� récréatives.�270�pp.�https://www.anses.fr/fr/system/�les/EAUX-Ra- Cyanobacteries.pdf Leitao�M,�Couté�A.�2005.�Guide�des�Cyanobactéries�planctoniques� du�Grand�Ouest�de�la�France�:�à�l’usage�des�gestionnaires�des�eaux� de�surface.�60�pp. Couté�A,�Leitao�M,�Sarmento�H.��2004.�Une�nouvelle�espèce�d’algue� d’eau�douce�(Cyanophyceae),�trouvée�en�France.�Algological� Studies�111:�1-15. Leitao�M,�Morata�SM,�Rodriguez�S,�Vergon�JP.��2003.�The�effect�of� perturbations�on�phytoplankton�assemblages�in�a�deep�reservoir� (Vouglans,�France).��Hydrobiologia�502:�73-83. Leitao�M,�&�al.,�2001.��FSJEJ�JP�TJT��PSJMMJP�JJ�sp.�nova�(Dinophyta),� une�nouvelle�espèce�Dinophycée�d’eau�douce�de�France� responsable�de�marée�rouge�en�rivière.�Algological�Studies�102:� 1-15. 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Prygiel�J,�Leitao�M.�1994.�Cyanophycean�blooms�in�the�reservoir� of�Val�Joly�(northern�France)�and�their�development�in�downstream� rivers.�Hydrobiologia�289:�85-96. Leitao�M,�1985.�Evolution�algale�dans�un�bassin�de�rétention�d’eau�à� Orly.�Rev.�Française�des�Sciences�de�l’Eau�4:�45-53. )LJ���� 6�P��S��W���DS����D����DED���S�L���������LL��FO�FN�L��� ���L���LD�ED��L��P������L��PD������L������SL���PLD�DG�D�D�� ���S�D��GL����� https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4469331�